DISCLAIMER This report is a product of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable laws. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with the complete information to either: (i) the Cluj County Council (Calea Dorobanților, No. 106, Cluj-Napoca, Romania); or (ii) the World Bank Group Romania (Vasile Lascăr Street, No 31, Et 6, Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania). This report was delivered in March 2020 under the Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Cluj County Spatial Plan, concluded between the Cluj County Council and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development on 8 May 2019. It is part of Output 2. Intermediary report on activities carried out by the Bank, under the above mentioned agreement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is delivered according to the Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Cluj County Spatial Plan and was developed under the guidance and supervision of David N. Sislen (Operational Manager in the field of urban development for Europe and Central Asia) and Tatiana Proskuryakova (Country Manager for Romania and Hungary). The report was developed by a team coordinated by Jozsef Benedek, Ciprian Moldovan, Marius Cristea, Ștefana Varvari and Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu, and including Vasile Zotic, Diana-Elena Alexandru, Titus Man, Bogdan-Eugen Dolean and Iulia Hărănguș, with the technical support of a team including Cosmina Ursu, Oana Stănculescu, Ștefan Teișanu, Oana Franț, Adina Vințan, George Moldoveanu and Bianca Butacu. Comments on the study were provided by Nadia Badea, Călin Hințea, Harika Masud, Cesar Niculescu and Corina Zadori. The team would like to express their gratitude for the excellent cooperation, guidance and support provided by the representatives of the Cluj County Council, particularly Alin Tișe – the President of the County Council, Chief Architect Claudiu Salanță, and the multitude of local and regional actors who helped with the development of this report. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS A Motorways AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic ABS Automatic Block Signal ACI Airport Council International AFB Automatic Full Barrier AHB Automatic Half Barrier AIRAC Romanian Aeronautical Authority AM Asphalt Mixtures APRON Aircraft Parking Platforms ASMET Meteorological Assistance for Civil Aviation Activities BLS Balked Landing Surface CED Electro-dynamic Centralization Installation CEM Electromechanical Centralization Installation CESTRIN Road and IT Study Center CF Railway CFR State Railway Carrier of Romania CNADNR National Company for Road Infrastructure Administration CNMA Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area CTP Public Transport Company DC Communal Road DJ County Road DN National Road DSNA Directorate of Air Navigation Services E European Road EASA European Aviation Safety Agency EC European Community EEA European Economic Area ERDF European Regional Development Fund EU European Union EURANP EUR Air Navigation Plan EUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation FOD Foreign Object Damage GD Government Decision GEO Government Emergency Ordinance GTMP General Transport Master Plan ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IS Inner Horizontal Surface IT Information Technology ITS Inner Transitional Surface ITU International Transport Unit LARES Romanian State-Operated Airlines LC Level Crossing LCIP Local Convergence and Implementation Plan LMET Aeronautical Meteorology Personnel Licensing LUPR Local Urban Planning Regulation MRDAP Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration NDA National Development Agency NIS National Institute of Statistics PDA Take-off/Landing Runway PUG General Urban Plan (Plan Urbanistic General) RACR Romanian Civil Aeronautical Regulation RC Reinforced Concrete RDA Regional Development Agency ROMATSA Romanian Air Traffic Services Administration ROP Regional Operational Program SC Trade Company SNCFM CFR Marfă SNCFR CFR Călători SNNA National Service of Air Navigation SRL Limited Liability Company TAU Territorial Administrative Unit TEN Trans-European Transport Network TSI Technical Standards for Interoperability UTR Reference Territorial unit VAP Apahida Ring Road VAT Value Added Tax VGH Gherla Ring Road VOCE East Ring Road VOCNE North-East Cluj Ring Road VTCJ Turda-Cluj Ring Road WMO World Meteorological Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Territorial infrastructures .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. General theoretical supporting elements .................................................................................... 1 2. The road infrastructure of Cluj County................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Developments in the last decade................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Road transport infrastructure based on surface type and condition – current situation ......... 38 2.3. Civil engineering works and other road infrastructure facilities in Cluj County – current situation .......................................................................................................................................... 105 2.3.1. Dams, viaducts, overpasses, passages, bridges and culverts ........................................... 105 2.3.2. Roundabouts..................................................................................................................... 116 2.3.3. Level crossings .................................................................................................................. 122 2.4. Filling stations .......................................................................................................................... 132 2.5. Charging stations...................................................................................................................... 141 2.6. Parking, stopping and standing spaces .................................................................................... 144 2.7. Road traffic ............................................................................................................................... 151 2.7.1. County areas where traffic capacity is exceeded ............................................................. 188 2.7.2. Infrastructure facilities for transit traffic in Cluj county urban centres............................ 189 2.8. Traffic accidents ....................................................................................................................... 190 2.9. Projects for the development of the road infrastructure currently under implementation andplanned for medium- and long-term implementation ............................................................. 221 3. Railway infrastructure in Cluj County .............................................................................................. 227 3.1. General design features ........................................................................................................... 227 3.2. Rail network in Cluj County – general and evolutionary features ........................................... 227 3.3. Technical parts specific to the railway infrastructure in Cluj County ...................................... 239 3.3.1. Railways classification in Cluj County ............................................................................... 239 3.3.2. Length of the single and double-track lines ..................................................................... 240 3.3.3. Length of electrified and not electrified railway sections ................................................ 240 3.3.4. Length of the upgraded and not upgraded railway lines ................................................. 241 3.3.5. Number and condition of railway switches ...................................................................... 241 3.3.6. Number, length and location of the tunnels .................................................................... 242 3.3.7. Sections of lines affected by natural hazard threats (landslides, floods) ............................. 243 3.3.8. Signaling condition............................................................................................................ 244 3.4. Railway sections with speed restriction ................................................................................... 245 3.5. Railway bridges ........................................................................................................................ 250 3.6. Railway stations and halts ........................................................................................................ 255 3.7. Railway operators .................................................................................................................... 259 3.8. Size of the maintenance railway fleet on the territory of Cluj County .................................... 269 3.9. Places where railway accidents occur (derailment, collisions where roads cross the railway) ........................................................................................................................................................ 270 3.10. Rehabilitation and extension works underway on the rail network in Cluj County .............. 272 4. Air transport infrastructure ............................................................................................................. 275 4.1. Geographic location ................................................................................................................. 275 4.2. The airport history ................................................................................................................... 279 4.3. Airport Infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 281 4.3.1. Runway infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 285 4.3.2. Functional airspace around the airport ............................................................................ 291 4.3.3 Terminal infrastructure...................................................................................................... 299 4.3.4. Air operators on the airport ............................................................................................. 304 4.3.5. Route network .................................................................................................................. 306 4.3.5.1. Scheduled destinations .................................................................................................. 307 4.3.5.2. Charter tourist destinations ........................................................................................... 308 4.3.6. Aircraft movements (landings + take-offs) ....................................................................... 308 4.3.7. Passenger air traffic .......................................................................................................... 309 4.3.8. Cargo air traffic ................................................................................................................. 313 4.3.9. Auxiliary services carried out in the airport .......................................................................... 316 4.3.9.1. Airport meteorological service....................................................................................... 316 4.3.9.2. Means of rescue and firefighting ................................................................................... 317 4.3.9.3. Border crossing point in the airport and auxiliary service ............................................. 318 4.3.9.4. Handling services at the airport..................................................................................... 320 4.3.9.5. Air traffic control service ................................................................................................ 321 4.3.9.6. Car parking services ....................................................................................................... 322 4.3.9.7. Customs control and airport security services ............................................................... 323 4.3.10. Threats and risks affecting the airport security and development..................................... 324 4.3.11. The existing action plan for airport development .............................................................. 327 4.3.11.1. Projects for airport development during 2017-2019 ................................................... 327 4.3.11.2. Investments related to movement areas and passenger terminals ............................ 328 4.3.11.3. Zero carbon emissions until 2050 program ................................................................. 332 5. County public transport................................................................................................................... 333 5.1. Territorial distribution of the road public transport services .................................................. 335 5.2. Degree of road accessibility of the localities in Cluj County .................................................... 336 5.3. Rail public transport ................................................................................................................. 346 5.3.1. Territorial distribution of the rail public transport services in the county ....................... 346 5.3.2. Territorial distribution of the rail public transport services outside the county .............. 348 5.4. Urban and extra-urban/metropolitan public transport ........................................................... 355 5.4.1. Areas with insufficient public transport in Cluj Metropolitan Area ................................. 357 5.5. Needs of the urban local administrations regarding the development of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure and services. Community point of view regarding the transport infrastructure and services at county level ..................................................................................... 360 5.6. Conclusions on urban/metropolitan public transport ............................................................. 361 6. INTERMODAL AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT .............................................................................. 363 6.1. General background for the emergence and development of intermodal transport ............. 363 6.2. The intermodal transport in Romania...................................................................................... 367 6.3. The current state of intermodal transport in Cluj County ....................................................... 370 6.4. The current state of multimodal transport in Cluj County ...................................................... 372 6.5. Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 372 7. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON ROAD, RAIL, AIR AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE. ............................................................................................................................................................. 374 7.1. Road transport infrastructure .................................................................................................. 374 7.2. Rail transport infrastructure .................................................................................................... 377 7.3. Air transport infrastructure - Avram Iancu International Airport in Cluj-Napoca ................... 380 7.4. Road and rail public transport in Cluj County .......................................................................... 382 7.5. Urban and metropolitan public transport ............................................................................... 383 7.6. Intermodal transport ............................................................................................................... 384 8. DYSFUNCTIONS AND INTERVENTION PRIORITIES. PROPOSALS TO ELIMINATE/MITIGATE DYSFUNCTIONS.................................................................................................................................... 385 9. DEVELOPMENT PROGNOSIS, SCENARIOS OR ALTERNATIVES ......................................................... 392 10. Annexes ......................................................................................................................................... 398 Annex 1. Type of road surface for the national roads in Cluj County. ................................................ 399 Annex 2. Types of road surface for the county roads in Cluj County. ................................................. 404 Annex 3. Types of road surface for the communal roads in Cluj County. ........................................... 427 Annex 4. Condition of the national roads in Cluj County. ................................................................... 465 Annex 5. Condition of the county roads in Cluj County. ..................................................................... 483 Annex 6. Condition of the communal roads in Cluj County. ............................................................... 515 Annex 7. Problems and dysfunctions regarding the national roads in Cluj County ............................ 552 Annex 8. Problems and dysfunctions regarding the county roads in Cluj County. ............................. 558 Annex 9. Problems and dysfunctions regarding the communal roads in Cluj County. ....................... 572 Annex 10. List of national roads in Cluj County ................................................................................... 597 Annex 11. List of county roads in Cluj County ..................................................................................... 601 Annex 12. List of communal roads in Cluj County. .............................................................................. 613 LIST OF FIGUES Figure 1 – Main spatial configurations of transportation networks ....................................................................... 2 Figure 2– Spatial effects of transportation networks ............................................................................................. 3 Figure 3 – Orientation of transport flows according to the network's spatial configuration ................................. 4 Figure 4 – Ratio between the spatial configuration of transport networks and the barrier effect of the geographic space ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 5 – General map of Cluj County road infrastructure .................................................................................... 9 Figure 6 – Comparison of the public road network in Cluj County, 2007 vs. 2018 ............................................... 10 Figure 7 – Comparison of the public road network in Cluj County, 2007 vs. 2018 ............................................... 11 Figure 8 – Total length and condition of public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ................................................ 17 Figure 9– Total length and condition of non-modernized public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ..................... 17 Figure 10 –Total length and condition of public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ............................................... 19 Figure 11– Total length and condition of non-modernized national roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ................ 19 Figure 12– Map of road condition in Romania, 16 December 2018 ..................................................................... 20 Figure 13 – Total length and condition of county roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ............................................. 21 Figure 14 – Total length and condition of non-modernized county roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ................. 22 Figure 15 – Schedule of investment works (modernization and rehabilitation), current and regular maintenance of certain county roads in Cluj County, as proposed in 2018 ............................................................................... 24 Figure 16 – Schedule of investment works (modernization and rehabilitation), current and regular maintenance of certain county roads in Cluj County, as performed in 2018 ............................................................................. 34 Figure 17– Schedule of investment works (modernization and rehabilitation), current and regular maintenance of certain county roads in Cluj County, as proposed in 2019 ............................................................................... 35 Figure 18– Total length and condition of communal roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018........................................ 37 Figure 19– Total length and condition of non-modernized communal roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ............ 37 Figure 20– Length of roads based on types of road pavements in Cluj County, July-August 2019 ...................... 39 Figure 21 – Length of roads classified based on types of road pavements in Cluj County, July-August 2019 ...... 39 Figure 22 – Dirt road section on DJ 103V: from DJ 107P (Someșu Rece) to DJ 107L (Vălișoara) .......................... 40 Figure 23 – Dirt road section on DJ 105T: from DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) to DN 1F (Berindu) .................................... 41 Figure 24 – Dirt road section on DJ 107J: from DJ 107M (Săvădisla) - Finișel - Valea Ierii - Cerc.......................... 42 Figure 25– Dirt road section on DJ 150: from DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) to DJ 161G (Pălatca) .................................. 42 Figure 26 – Dirt road section on DJ 161B: from DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) to DC 68A (Călărași Gară) ...................... 43 Figure 27– Dirt road section on DJ 161C: from DN 1C (Iclod) to DN 1C (Dej) ....................................................... 43 Figure 28 – Dirt road section on DJ 161D: from DC 174 (Jichișu de Sus) to DJ 161E – (Târgușor) ........................ 44 Figure 29 –Dirt road section on DJ 161E: from DJ 161D (Târgușor) to DJ 109C (Hodaie) ..................................... 44 Figure 30– Dirt road section on DJ 170B: from DN 1F (Topa Mică) to DJ 109 (Așchileu Mic) ............................... 45 Figure 31 – Length of roads based on road pavement conditions in Cluj County, July-August 2019 ................... 45 Figure 32 – Length of roads classified based on road pavement conditions in Cluj County, July-August 2019 46 Figure 33 – Types of road surface on national roads in Cluj County ..................................................................... 55 Figure 34 – Spatial distribution of road surface types per motorways, European roads and national roads (July- August 2019) ......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Figure 35 – Types of road surface on county roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) ....................................... 62 Figure 36 – Spatial distribution of road surface types per county roads (July-August 2019) ............................... 63 Figure 37 – Types of road surface on communal roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) ................................. 75 Figure 38– Spatial distribution of road surface types per communal roads (July-August 2019) .......................... 78 Figure 39 – Condition of road pavements on motorways, European roads and national roads in Cluj County (July- August, 2019) ........................................................................................................................................................ 82 Figure 40– Spatial distribution of road pavement conditions per motorways, European roads and national roads (July-August 2019)................................................................................................................................................. 83 Figure 41 – Road pavement conditions on county roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019)............................... 88 Figure 42 – Spatial distribution of road pavement conditions per county roads (July-August 2019 .................... 89 Figure 43 – Road pavement conditions on communal roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019)....................... 101 Figure 44– Spatial distribution of road pavement conditions per communal roads (July-August 2019)............ 104 Figure 45 – Overall state of road infrastructure engineering works in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) ............ 106 Figure 46 – State of road surface on DN 1R, Fântânele Dam (July-August, 2019) .............................................. 107 Figure 47 – State of road surface on DJ 107P, Tarnița Dam (July-August, 2019 ................................................. 108 Figure 48 – Overall state of road infrastructure engineering works in Cluj County (July-August, 2019 ............. 109 Figure 49 – Overall state of viaducts acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) ................................... 110 Figure 50 – Overall state of overpasses acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019). ............................. 111 Figure 51 – Overall state of road bridges in Cluj County (July-August, 2019). .................................................... 112 Figure 52 – Road bridge over Arieș River on DN 1, at km 444+840 at the entrance into Turda ......................... 113 Figure 53– Road bridge over Someșul Cald river on DC 128A, at km 0+400....................................................... 114 Figure 54 – Territorial distribution of road infrastructure components such as engineering works on motorways and national roads in Cluj County ....................................................................................................................... 115 Figure 55– Territorial distribution of road infrastructure components such as culverts on motorways and national roads in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................ 116 Figure 56 – Roundabout intersections on the classified road network of Cluj County ....................................... 120 Figure 57 – Pop-up roundabout on DJ 109A, in the city of Cluj-Napoca............................................................. 121 Figure 58 – One-lane formal roundabout on DN 1, in Luna de Sus .................................................................... 121 Figure 59 – Two-lane formal roundabout on DN 1, in the city of Turda ............................................................. 122 Figure 60 – Intersections of classified roads with the rail network in Cluj County ............................................. 127 Figure 61 – Road overpass on A3 motorway/CF 300 intersection in Câmpia Turzii ........................................... 128 Figure 62 – Road overpass on DN 1F/CF 300 intersection in Suceag .................................................................. 128 Figure 63 – Road overpass on DN 15/CF 300 intersection in Câmpia Turzii ....................................................... 129 Figure 64 – No-barrier level crossing with lights and concrete slabs at the intersection of the DJ 103H county road with CF 300, nearby Bologa ................................................................................................................................ 130 Figure 65 – Half-barrier level crossing with flexible panels at the intersection of the DN 16 national road with CF 300, nearby Apahida ........................................................................................................................................... 130 Figure 66 – Full-barrier level crossing with concrete slabs at the intersection of the DC 140 communal road with CF 300, nearby Gârbău ........................................................................................................................................ 131 Figure 67 – Territorial distribution of filling station in Cluj County ..................................................................... 139 Figure 68– Distance from localities and spatial concentration level of filling stations in Cluj County ................ 140 Figure 69 – Charging station, Mall VIVO ............................................................................................................. 141 Figure 70 – Territorial distribution of charging stations in Cluj County .............................................................. 144 Figure 71 – Parking, stopping and standing space on DN 1, E81, Vâlcele locality in Cluj County ....................... 145 Figure 72 – Parking, stopping and standing space on DN 1, E 60, city of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County ................... 146 Figure 73– Parking, stopping and standing space on DN 1, E 60, Șăula locality, Cluj County ............................. 146 Figure 74 – Distribution of parking, stopping and standing spaces on the national roads and motorways of Cluj County with an area above 100 m2 ..................................................................................................................... 150 Figure 75 – Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the classified roads reviewed in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................................................ 153 Figure 76 – Road traffic intensity on DN 1, Cluj-Napoca – Florești section, July 2019, 21.00 hours................... 154 Figure 77 – Road traffic intensity on DN 1C, Cluj-Napoca – Apahida section, Sânicoară locality, July 2019, 20.00 hours ................................................................................................................................................................... 154 Figure 78 – Road traffic intensity on DN 1C, Cluj-Napoca – Apahida section, Jucu locality, July 2019, 19.00 hours ............................................................................................................................................................................ 155 Figure 79– Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................................................ 166 Figure 80 – Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................................................ 184 Figure 81 – Current and forecasted annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the reviewed road infrastructure of Cluj County (2015, 2020, 2025, 2030). ................................................................................................................ 186 Figure 82 – Road accident fatalities (per 1 mln. inhabitants) ............................................................................. 191 Figure 83 – Monthly distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County ..................................... 195 Figure 84 – Annual distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009.............................. 196 Figure 85 – Annual distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2018.............................. 196 Figure 86 – Comparison between 2009 and 2018 in terms of traffic accidents occurring on the main national roads in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................ 197 Figure 87 – Vehicles involved, injuries and deaths from traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................. 200 Figure 88 – Monthly distribution of traffic accidents on county roads in Cluj County ....................................... 204 Figure 89 – Monthly distribution of traffic accidents on communal roads in Cluj County ................................. 219 Figure 90 – Territorial distribution of traffic accidents on the classified roads of Cluj County during 2014-2019 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 220 Figure91 –Someș expressway in the North-West Development Region ............................................................ 225 Figure 92– Interoperable rail network structure in Romania according to the degree of electrification (31 December 2017).................................................................................................................................................. 230 Figure 93– Operable rail network structure in Romania according to the number of tracks (31 December 2017) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 230 Figure 94– Evolution of railway lines’ length in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990- 2018 .................................................................................................................................................................... 231 Figure 95– Evolution of railway lines’ length in the North-West Region counties over the period 1990-2018 . 231 Figure 96– Current condition of line 322 Câmpia Turzii – Turda ........................................................................ 232 Figure 97– Extract from the Local Council Decision no. 18/2006 on transferring the ownership of the land on which line 311 Huedin – Călățele was built. ....................................................................................................... 233 Figure 98– Draft proposal on setting up of a cycle lane on the route of the railway line 311 Huedin – Sâncraiu – Călățele) .............................................................................................................................................................. 234 Figure 99– The “Mocănița” train on the route of line 309 Turda – Câmpei – Abrud in the “glorious” times of the socialist era (1974) .............................................................................................................................................. 235 Figure 100 – Railway line 309 Turda – Câmpei – Abrud next to Lungești station and the narrow gauge line (760 mm) that crosses NR 75 (August 2019)............................................................................................................... 235 Figure 101– Evolution of railways electrification level, in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990-2018 ........................................................................................................................................................... 236 Figure 102– Evolution of single-track railway lines’ length, in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990-2018 ................................................................................................................................................ 237 Figure 103– Evolution of double-track railway lines’ length, in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990-2018 ................................................................................................................................................ 237 Figure 104– Evolution of single and double-track railway lines’ length in Cluj County, over the period 1990-2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 238 Figure 105– Rail network structure in Cluj County (2019). ................................................................................. 239 Figure 107– Line sections with speed restrictions in Cluj County. ...................................................................... 248 Figure 108– Derailment of a freight train on Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor section in Cluj County on 6 November 2019 .................................................................................................................................................................... 249 Figure 109– Travel time by train in Romania starting from Bucharest ............................................................... 250 Figure 110– Location of railway bridges on the territory of Cluj County ............................................................ 255 Figure 111– Location of operating railway stations and halts in Cluj County ..................................................... 257 Figure 112– Railway halt BaciuTriaj, which is in a very poor condition .............................................................. 258 Figure 113– Railway halt Bonțida, which is in a medium quality condition ........................................................ 258 Figure 114– Railway station Gherla, rehabilitated in 2019 ................................................................................. 259 Figure 115– Routes operated by Transferoviar Călători ..................................................................................... 261 Figure 116– Turnover of the passenger railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 ............................................................................................................................................................. 262 Figure 117– Turnover of the freight railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 .................................................................................................................................................................... 269 Figure 118– Territorial location of railway accidents occurred at classified road network crossings ................ 270 Figure 119–Railway accident in the area of the town of Jucu involving a motor vehicle, which took place on 20 August 2019 ................................................................................................................................................... 271 Figure 120– Major stages of development for the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca........... 280 Figure 121– Territorial classification of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ............................ 282 Figure 122– Routes and destinations network of the scheduled and charter flights from the “Avram Iancu” international airport (2016) ................................................................................................................................ 283 Figure 123– Site plan of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca .................................................... 284 Figure 124– Airport runway threshold and the moment an aircraft is landing on a runway of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ................................................................................................................... 285 Figure 125– General site plan of the airport runway on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca .. 287 Figure 126– Panoramic view of the airport runway on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca .... 288 Figure 127– Detailed site plan with the lightning system of the airport runway on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ......................................................................................................................................... 288 Figure 128– Panoramic view of the airport runway's lightning system on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ......................................................................................................................................................... 289 Figure 129–Panoramic view of Apron 1 on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ...................... 290 Figure 130– Panoramic view of Apron 2 on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ..................... 290 Figure 131– Functional airspace around the airport: 1, 2. Approach surface; 3. Inner approach surface; 4. Runway strip; 5. Transitional surface; 6. Conical surface; 7. Take-off climb surface ........................................................ 291 Figure 132– Functional airspace around “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca .......................... 293 Figure 133– Runway approach plane and obstacles on the landing/take-off direction 07 SW-NE .................... 296 Figure 134– Runway approach plane and obstacles on the landing/take-off direction 25 NE-SW .................... 297 Figure 135– Panoramic view with the runway, terminal and the airport area from the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ......................................................................................................................................... 298 Figure 136– Overview of the terminal of the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ................... 300 Figure 137– Departures terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca .......................... 301 Figure 138– Internal layout of departures terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ............................................................................................................................................................................ 301 Figure 139– Arrivals terminal at the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ................................. 302 Figure 140– Belt conveyors for baggage reception in the arrivals terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ......................................................................................................................................... 302 Figure 141– Internal layout of the arrivals terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ............................................................................................................................................................................ 303 Figure 142– Connecting building between the departures and arrivals terminals within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca. .................................................................................................................. 303 Figure 143– Old terminal building within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ......................... 304 Figure 144– Airlines carrying out scheduled passenger flights on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj- Napoca ................................................................................................................................................................ 305 Figure 145– Route network available from “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca in the first semester 2019..................................................................................................................................................... 306 Figure 146– Countries and destinations with the highest number of travelers in the first semester of 2019 ... 307 Figure 147– Forecast of aircraft movements on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, during 2019- 2035 .................................................................................................................................................................... 308 Figure 148– Evolution in number of passengers on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, during 1996-2019 ........................................................................................................................................................... 309 Figure 149– Passenger traffic evolution in the first semester of 2019 compared with the first semester of 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 310 Figure 150– Passenger traffic structure in the first semester of 2019................................................................ 311 Figure 151– Passenger traffic forecast on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca, during 2019-2035 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 311 Figure 152– Monthly variation in passengers’ number during 2015-2019 on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca ..................................................................................................................................................... 313 Figure 153– Cargo and postal traffic evolution in the first semester of 2019 compared with the first semester of 2018 .................................................................................................................................................................... 314 Figure 154– Evolution of cargo and postal transport on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca ............................................................................................................................................................................ 315 Figure 155– Weather station in the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ................................. 317 Figure 156–Utility vehicles intended for firefighting on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ............................................................................................................................................................................ 317 Figure 157– Mobile intervention units for rescue and first aid on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj- Napoca ................................................................................................................................................................ 318 Figure 158– Travel documents checking points of the Border Police Service on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ......................................................................................................................................... 319 Figure 159– Handling services provided on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca ............... 320 Figure 160– The control tower and airport traffic controllers on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj- Napoca ................................................................................................................................................................ 322 Figure 161– Car parking and access way to the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca ............... 323 Figure 162– Security services within “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca ................................ 323 Figure 163– Risk of accidents induced by persistent fog during the cold season on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca......................................................................................................................................... 325 Figure 164– Noise pollution generated by air traffic in Cluj-Napoca City and the airport area as of 2016 ........ 326 Figure 165– Site plan on the extension of the main take-off/landing runway of “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca......................................................................................................................................... 331 Figure 166– Road public transport routes served by authorized operators from the main urban centers of Cluj County ................................................................................................................................................................. 338 Figure167– Rail distance between Cluj-Napoca City and thelocalities in Cluj County (MU: minutes) ............... 348 Figure 168– General concept for the organization of intermodal transport ...................................................... 365 Figure 169– The logistics chain for the transport of goods in containers using the intermodal system ............ 365 Figure 170– The correct logistics chart for the organization of intermodal land transport ............................. 366 Figure 171– The correct logistics chart for the organization of intercontinental intermodal transport ............ 366 Figure 172– Intermodal terminals on the Romanian rail network...................................................................... 367 Figure 173– The intermodal transport station in Cluj-Napoca Est ...................................................................... 371 Figure 174– The intermodal transport station in Turda...................................................................................... 371 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. General structure of the road infrastructure in Cluj County (2018) .......................................................... 8 Table 2. Evolution of the national road infrastructure length in Cluj County, by road categories (2007-2018) ... 10 Table 3. Total length and condition of public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ................................................... 12 Table 4. Total length and condition of national roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018................................................ 13 Table 5. Total length and condition of county roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 .................................................. 14 Table 6. Total length and condition of communal roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 ............................................ 15 Table 7. Evolution of the road infrastructure length in Cluj County by road categories, based on the infrastructure condition (2007-2018)........................................................................................................................................... 16 Table 8. Evolution of the road infrastructure length in Cluj County, based on infrastructure condition (2007-2018) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Table 9. Evolution of the county road infrastructure length in Cluj County, based on infrastructure condition (2007-2018) ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 10. Evolution of communal road length in Cluj County, based on infrastructure condition (2007-2018) .. 36 Table 11. Length and percentage of roads classified based on types of road pavements in Cluj County (July-August 2019) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Table 12. Length and percentage of roads classified based on condition in Cluj County (July-August 2019) ...... 48 Table 13. Share of roads in poor condition from total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) ..................... 49 Table 14. Share of road sections in very poor condition from total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) 51 Table 15.Types of road surface and their share into the total length of national roads (July-August, 2019)....... 53 Table 16. Types of road surface and their share into the total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) ........ 57 Table 17. Types of road surface and their share into the total length of communal roads (July-August, 2019) .. 64 Table 18. Road pavement conditions and their share into the total length of national roads (July-August, 2019) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 80 Table 19.Road pavement conditions and their share into the total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) 84 Table 20. Road pavement conditions and their share into the total length of communal roads (July-August, 2019) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 90 Table 21. Overall state of road infrastructure engineering works in Cluj County (July-August 2019) ................ 105 Table 22. Overall state of dams acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019)............................................ 107 Table 23.Overall state of engineering works by categories of classified roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 108 Table 24. Overall state of viaducts acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019) ....................................... 110 Table 25. Overall state of overpasses acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019) .................................. 111 Table 26. Overall state of road bridges in Cluj County (July-August 2019) ......................................................... 112 Table 27.Roundabouts on the road network of Cluj County .............................................................................. 117 Table 28. Intersections of classified roads with the rail network in Cluj County ................................................ 123 Table 29.Filling stations in Cluj County ............................................................................................................... 132 Table 30.Electric vehicle charging stations in Cluj County .................................................................................. 142 Table 31. Size classes of parking, stopping and standing spaces on the national and motorway network in Cluj County ................................................................................................................................................................. 145 Table 32. Parking, stopping and standing spaces on the national roads and motorways of Cluj County with an area above 100 m2 .............................................................................................................................................. 147 Table 33. Classification of roads based on traffic levels...................................................................................... 151 Table 34. Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the classified roads reviewed in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................................................ 152 Table 35.The absolute and relative increase of road sections with traffic levels (AADT) in the reviewed road network in Cluj County........................................................................................................................................ 153 Table 36. Road traffic (AADT) on motorways and national roads in Cluj County ............................................... 155 Table 37.Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................................................ 165 Table 38. The absolute and relative increase of road sections with traffic levels (AADT) in the reviewed national road network in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................... 166 Table 39.Road traffic (AADT) on county roads in Cluj County ............................................................................ 167 Table 40. Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................................................................ 183 Table 41.The absolute and relative increase of road sections with traffic levels (AADT) in the reviewed national road network in Cluj County ............................................................................................................................... 185 Table 42.Road traffic (AADT) on communal roads in Cluj County ...................................................................... 185 Table 43. Traffic accidents on classified roads in Cluj County and their effects, 2009 and 2019 ....................... 192 Table 44. Evolution of traffic accidents on classified roads in Cluj County and their effects, 2009 to 2019 ...... 192 Table 45.Annual distribution of traffic accidents occurring on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018.. 193 Table 46. Vehicles involved, injuries and deaths from traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 .................................................................................................................................................................... 199 Table 47. Annual distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 ................. 200 Table 48. Annual distribution of traffic accidents on communal roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 ............. 204 Table 49.List of county road infrastructure modernization projects (ongoing) .................................................. 221 Table 50. List of investment projects for the development of the road infrastructure in the North-West Development Region........................................................................................................................................... 224 Table 51. Interoperable rail network structure in Cluj County compared with other counties in North-West Region. ................................................................................................................................................................ 229 Table 52. Location and length of tunnels on the rail network in Cluj County ..................................................... 242 Table 53. Sections of lines from Cluj County affected by natural hazard threats (landslides, floods) ................ 243 Table 54. Railway sections with speed restriction in Cluj County ....................................................................... 245 Table 55. Railway bridges in Cluj County ............................................................................................................ 251 Table 56. Operating railway stations and halts in Cluj County............................................................................ 256 Table 57. Rolling stock owned by SNTFC “CFR Călători” SA ................................................................................ 260 Table 58.Hauled stock owned by SNTFC “CFR Călători” SA ................................................................................ 260 Table 59. Turnover and market share of the passenger railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 262 Table 60. Turnover and market share of the freight railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 268 Table 61. The road and rail distances from the cities in the polarization area of the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca......................................................................................................................................... 275 Table 62.Reference data on civil airport classification according to ICAO regulations ....................................... 282 Table 63- Technical characteristics of the lightning system (light marking) of runway on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca ................................................................................................................... 286 Table 64. Natural and anthropic obstacles located on the intersection with the approach plane towards the runway on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca .................................................................. 294 Table 65.Natural and anthropic obstacles located on the intersection with the conical surface from the area of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca........................................................................................... 299 Table 66. Monthly variation in passengers’ number during 2015-2019 on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca ......................................................................................................................................................... 312 Table 67.Evolution of cargo and postal transport on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca 314 Table 68. Operators with a transport license valid until June 30, 2023 in Cluj County, by departure bus terminal ............................................................................................................................................................................ 334 Table 69. Public passenger transport services operated through regular county trips. Departure and destination stations, number of trips and route distances. ................................................................................................... 338 Tabel70. Rail passenger public transport services operated through regular trips to the main urban centers at county, regional and national level. Departure and destination stations, number of trips, route distances and travel times. ........................................................................................................................................................ 349 Table 71. Available fleet of the municipal public transport companies.............................................................. 355 Table 72. Urban and extra-urban transport routes (2019) ................................................................................. 356 Table 73. Current state of the equipment in the Romanian intermodal transport terminals ............................ 368 1. TERRITORIAL INFRASTRUCTURES 1.1. General theoretical supporting elements The transport networks consist in a set of routes connecting various locations within a region, while the structure of that region will correspond to the network made up of all the economic interactions enabled by the transport infrastructure (Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2017). Territorial infrastructures are essential for the operation and consistent development of the territory. Specifically, it is paramount to maintain a balanced planning and development thereof in order to prevent or mitigate inconsistencies, particularly with regard to the transport infrastructure (road, rail, air and maritime traffic), the electricity, gas and oil production, transport and distribution systems, water supply systems, communications, and the social and economic service infrastructures serving the population of specific territories (such as banking and financial, health or safety services, etc.). Any disruption of such systems, particularly of transport networks, will give rise to major difficulties which will first and foremost affect urban centers and their surrounding areas (Deshkar & Adane, 2016). The territory is organized along the transport infrastructure. The balanced development of a region or territory closely depends upon the organization of the territorial infrastructure. Thus, the territorial infrastructure becomes the backbone of a territory, where economic relations develop, and social and economic components adapt to both the natural and entropic landscape. Matter, energy and information flows become stronger along the transport and communications corridors. Thus, they create both developed areas and areas free of economic investments, giving rise to more or less disparities within a specific region. If available, an adequate transport infrastructure can also promote and increase social benefits (for instance, healthcare, education, access to markets and opportunities for a higher standard of living). The interventions to increase the quality and availability of the transport infrastructure and services also have a complementary impact, generating positive effects on communities (regardless of gender, age, income or existing disabilities). Planning and developing infrastructure can be proactive or reactive. It is proactive when the transport infrastructure is being planned, strategically programmed and integratively developed within a territory lacking investments and other social-economic relations, thus creating a smooth process of social and economic development based on the existing infrastructure. It is reactive when it takes place within a territory where the social and economic components are already inconsistently and conflictingly developed at multiple levels, and territorial development and planning decisions are based on assessments of the needs, dysfunctions and gaps which need to be covered. In such a case, the defining drivers are changed and priority is given to the functional and non-functional social and economic components, while planning and development are pursued with an aim to minimize gaps, dysfunctions, to cover needs and mitigate any major risks against the functioning of that territory. The transport infrastructure planning and development (road, rail and air) is subject to a number of particular factors, and should be a continuous rather than a static process, denoting a permanent adaptation and improvement of the area's features in terms of accessibility, connectivity, mobility, transfer, transit, growth poles, polarization, with key objectives such as economic development, economic efficiency, safety and sustainability (Romania's General Transport Master Plan, 2015). This process must be carried out taking into consideration, as a priority, the measures to mitigate the social risks and the active involvement of the communities in the planning and the implementation of the investment objectives. 1 The territorial infrastructure is either basic or advanced, and is featured as a spatial network made up of hubs and connections between hubs, in the form of road and rail thoroughfares of different ranks, as well as aerial and maritime routes where applicable. The main characteristics of integrated infrastructure are interoperability and interconnectivity. In case of the transport infrastructure, intermodality is an additional feature referring to an effective interconnection between different modes of transport (Kukobat, M., Regional Cooperation Council, 2010). If we attempt to explain the importance of distributing territorial infrastructures in a balanced and highly connecting manner, by using Metcalfe's Law (1980), which stipulates that "a single element is useless, but the value of every element increases with the total number of elements in the network, because the total number of people who may use such elements increases with each newly added element", several types of transport infrastructures could be identified in a territory that are connected to modes of transport via key elements such as nodes, links, flows, hubs or corridors. Network structure ranges from centripetal to centrifugal in terms of the accessibility they provide to locations. A centripetal network favors a limited number of locations while a centrifugal network tends not convey any specific locational advantages. Network structures can also be direct or indirect in their connectivity. The most directly connected networks are point-to-point networks where a service originates and ends in a single location. A more complex form involves a route network where there is a sequence of intermediary locations that are serviced along a linear sequence. Conceptually, there are several basic network structures designed to link the same locations: centralized networks, decentralized networks, and distributed networks (Blum & Dudley, 2001;Jean- Paul Rodrigue, 2017). Therefore, based on these three types of network structures, the following territories are found at spatial level: territories structured around a single polarizing center, located relatively central within the region (in this case, the territory was organized and developed based on a centralized transport network where the said center is the most accessible and thus dominates the region – e.g., HUB and SPOKE networks); territories organized based on a network with several polarizing centers, i.e. a higher ranking one, located relatively central, with best accessibility, and other lower ranking ones, radially distributed and with close accessibility levels; territories organized based on a distributed network, where the polarizing centers may be of different ranks, with approximately same levels of accessibility and equally distributed within the region (Fig. 1). Figure 1 – Main spatial configurations of transportation networks Source: Blum & Dudley, 2001; Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2017 2 In terms of accessibility, organization, size and direction of goods and passenger flows along the transport routes, networks can be classified into two categories: centripetal and centrifugal (Jean- Paul Rodrigue, 2017). From this spatial perspective, the planning of the transport network should lean onto the centrifugal model, thereby ensuring accessibility either to any point in the region, or from the central flow point, or from any peripheral - destination point, as well as the connectivity between the points initially designated as destination points. This will create secondary transfer flows that will relieve the pressure on a single central starting or transit point, even if travelled distances will become longer. The choice of the best type of network will depend on the general spatial planning concept (Fig. 2) Figure 2– Spatial effects of transportation networks Source: Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2017 Another classification according to type makes a distinction between diffuse and concentrated networks (development of hubs and peripheral points). Thus, transport flows, and particularly road transport, are influenced by network configurations (Fig. 3). 3 Figure 3 – Orientation of transport flows according to the network's spatial configuration Source: Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2017 A centripetal network exhibits an excessive concentration of traffic along the central axes of the network, which requires transiting the central node towards which all the network routes converge to and radiate from. In case of a distributed network, the flows no longer overflow the central network routes, but rather peripheral ones, in order to avoid traffic congestion. This will inevitably lead to all areas in the region receiving approximately equal flows, particularly the peripheral ones, which thus will cover some of the developmental gaps as compared to the center. A more complex territorial layout of the transport network will turn space into a lower barrier to development, or none at all. Therefore, a more complex and distributed a transport network will minimize the barrier effect of the geographic space, down to its very elimination (Fig. 4). Figure 4 – Ratio between the spatial configuration of transport networks and the barrier effect of the geographic space Source: Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2017 4 Principles of planning and developing transport and communication infrastructures. In order to robustly support the territorial planning of transport infrastructures, one should take into account the following general principles: 1). The principle of easy location – in agreement with the physical-geographic features of the land. The transport infrastructure will be developed both where the land morphology allows it, but also to cover population needs and ensure the widest accessibility possible. 2). The principle of financial sustainability – in terms of cost and gain – based on the available financial resources and economic growth perspectives. 3).The principle of integrating existing structures and reaching a high level of efficiency – to increase territorial connectivity and accessibility - if two or more individual transport networks are observed to have developed at spatial level, they will be merged by the creation of integrating structures or by means of connecting structures in order to reorganize flows within the territory, to create connectivity between two or more independently developed areas, or even to relieve an area with heavy traffic concentration. On the other hand, integrating national and regional infrastructures is necessary to benefit from economies of scale, foster the overall security of infrastructure products and services, and increase regional competitiveness (Kukobat, M., Regional Cooperation Council, 2010). 4). The principle of merging bottom-up and top-down approaches of space at local to regional level, to integrate local and regional needs and priorities. Thus, the local priorities will be considered in the preparation of an integrated regional development plan. Collaborative planning thus ensures the development of both sustainable territories and communities, effectively and beneficial on the medium and long term. 5). The principle of systemic approach – the planning and development of the transport infrastructure will consider both the economic development priorities, the risks caused by natural phenomena, the environmental restrictions, and the regional population's accessibility to basic education and health. The planning process thus becomes collaborative and integrating in nature. 6). The principle of cooperation and participation of stakeholders to decision-making - all stakeholders should be actively involved in defining the strategic vision and options for the development of the transport sector – local, county, regional and national public authorities, the local community, local entrepreneurs, businesses, non-governmental organizations, environmental protection organizations, custodians/administrators of natural protected areas, etc. (Nistorescu et al., 2016). 7). The principle of identifying, assessing and managing the social risks and impacts (for example, purchase of land and relocation) and taking differentiated measures so that the adverse effects of the intervention in the territory related to the infrastructure development do not disproportionately affect the local communities, especially the disadvantaged or vulnerable groups. 8). The principle of preserving biodiversity and environmental balance – an expansion of the transport network inevitably implies crossing of environmental corridors or natural protected areas (as established by GEO 57/2007) and sites of Community interest within the Natura 2000 European network. To this extent, mitigating the environmental effects is particularly stated in two of the four specific environment objectives (Romania's General Transport Master Plan, 2015): a). Mitigating the impact on biodiversity via protection and conservation measures, and ensuring the consistency of the national network of protected areas; b). Promoting investment projects which are conducive to a sustainable transport system, including measures to prevent and mitigate adverse effects such as the emission of air pollutants, noise pollution in urban areas and heavy traffic routes, pollution of waters and soil, the impacts on the cultural landscape and heritage. This will require a focusing of efforts 5 towards the identification of issues from the early stages of planning and designing projects to expand and change the transport network, when there is more room to identify potential issues and it is relatively easier to prevent environmental impacts (Nistorescu et al., 2016). 9). The principle of correlation and permanent update of the development and spatial plans intended for different territorial-administrative levels, in order to increase the effectiveness of design and of implementing proposed spatial planning and development solutions, and to limit any inconsistencies between the plans and the actual actions on-site. County and even local-level spatial plans should be correlated with national and even European ones. A permanent update of the territorial infrastructure spatial planning is essential to ensure infrastructures are adapted to the economic, social and demographic dynamics of the regions (MRDPA, 2013). 6 2. THE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE OF CLUJ COUNTY 2.1. Developments in the last decade The road transport infrastructure of Cluj County is the underlying component of territorial infrastructures and the result of an extended development process. It dates back to as early as the Roman Dacia, when an Imperial road was built where the county stands today, to connect the Roman castra of Potaissa and Napoca with those on Someș Valley at Cășeiu, and up to Porolissum-Moigrad. However, road building was at its peak during the Socialist period, from the 1960's to the 1980's of the 20th century, when the current road network began to take shape, with post-1989 activities being limited exclusively to measures of reclassification, completion and upgrading of the network. It is also to note that beginning with the years 2000, Cluj County began constructing the first kilometers of motorways, as well as ring roads around urban centers. Today, the road infrastructure of Cluj County sees substantial progress in terms of expansion, upgrading and adjustments to the economic development needs of the county. This infrastructure consists in the following categories of classified roads: motorways (A), European roads (E), national roads (DN), county roads (DJ), communal roads (DC). In 2019, the situation of classified roads open to public traffic in Cluj County was as follows (Table 1, Fig. 5). 7 Table 1. General structure of the road infrastructure in Cluj County (2018) Type of road Number of Length No. Designation infrastructure roads (km) 1 Motorways A3, A10 2 68.790 2 European roads E60, E81, E576, E58 4 271.650 3 National roads DN1G, DN1J, DN1R, DN 16, DN18B, DN 75 6 166.355 5 Ring roads VTG, VAP, VGH, VOCNE, VOCE 5 36.909 DJ 103G, DJ 103H, DJ 103I, DJ 103J, DJ 103K, DJ 103L, DJ 103M, DJ 103N, DJ 103T, DJ 103U, DJ 103V, DJ 105L, DJ 105S, DJ 105T, DJ 107F, DJ 107J, DJ 107L, DJ 107M, DJ 107N, DJ 107P, DJ 107R, DJ 107S, DJ 107T, DJ 108A, DJ 108B, DJ 108C, DJ 108I, DJ 108K, 6 County Roads* DJ 108N, DJ 109, DJ 109A, DJ 109B, DJ 109C, DJ 109D, DJ 109E, 60 1336.526 DJ 109S, DJ 109T, DJ 109V, DJ 150, DJ 150A, DJ 151C, DJ 161, DJ 161A, DJ 161B, DJ 161C, DJ 161D, DJ 161E, DJ 161F, DJ 161G, DJ 161H, DJ 161J, DJ 161K, DJ 170B, DJ 172A, DJ 172F, DJ 182E, DJ 182F, DJ 191D, DJ763, DJ764B DC1, DC2, DC3, DC4, DC5, DC6, DC7, DC8, DC9, DC9A, DC10, DC11, DC12, DC13, DC14, DC14A, DC16, DC17, DC18, DC19, DC20, DC21, DC21B, DC22, DC23, DC24, DC25, DC30, DC32, DC34, DC35, DC36, DC37, DC38, DC39, DC40, DC41, DC42, DC43, DC45, DC46, DC47, DC47A, DC48, DC49, DC49A, DC50, DC51, DC52, DC53, DC54, DC55, DC56, DC57, DC58, DC59, DC60, DC61, DC62, DC63, DC64, DC65, DC66, DC67, DC68, DC68A, DC69, DC6A, DC70, DC71, DC72, DC73, DC74, DC75, DC76, DC77, DC78, DC79, DC80, DC81, DC82, DC85, DC86, DC87, DC88, DC89, DC90, DC91, DC92, DC94, DC96, DC98, Communal DC99, DC100A, DC101, DC101A, DC102, DC102A, DC103, 7 175 891.953 Roads* DC104, DC105, DC106, DC107, DC110, DC110C, DC111, DC113, DC114, DC115, DC116, DC117, DC118, DC119, DC121, DC122, DC123, DC124, DC126, DC127, DC128A, DC128C, DC129, DC130, DC131, DC132, DC133, DC134, DC135, DC137, DC138, DC139, DC140, DC140A, DC141, DC140A, DC140B, DC142A, DC140B, DC140D, DC143, DC144, DC145, DC146, DC146A, DC147, DC148A, DC150, DC151, DC151A, DC152, DC153, DC154, DC155, DC156, DC157, DC158, DC159, DC160, DC162, DC163, DC164, DC165, DC166, DC168, DC169, DC170, DC171, DC172A, DC172B, DC173, DC174, DC175, DC176, DC177, DC178 Total public 8 252 2772.183 roads Source: GD No. 782/2014, Annexes 1 to 4 8 Figure 5 – General map of Cluj County road infrastructure Source: authors The spatial layout of the road infrastructure in Cluj County is still highly centripetal, emphasizing three convergence nodes. The most important road node of the county is the city of Cluj-Napoca, to which all the four European roads converge (E60, E81, E576, E58), and two of these (E60 and E81) intersect with the A3 motorway at the nodes of Gilău and Nădășelu. The second most important r oad node of the county is the city of Turda, where two European roads (E60 and E81) and a secondary national road (DN75) intersect with motorways A3 and A10. The third most important road node of the county is the city of Dej, where two European roads (E576 and E58) intersect with a national secondary road (DN 18B). Besides these three main nodes, another secondary road node is found in the county within the city of Huedin, where a European road (E60) crosses two national roads (DN1R and DN1G). This centripetal layout of the road network is a legacy of the Socialist period, when emphasis was placed on the centralized, fully state-controlled economy. This network configuration led and still leads to an uneven development of the territory, favoring certain strong growth poles and causing significant development gaps between rural and urban areas. Besides the basic road infrastructure, a network of local, county and communal roads is also developing in Cluj County, which provides road connections between all localities and economic sites. The local network spatial configuration has different forms that fall into all three basic types: linear, centripetal and distributive. Thus, while the network configuration is highly linear in the northern part of the Apuseni Mountains (Gilău-Muntele Mare Massif, Vlădeasa Mountains), it becomes centripetal in the peripheral basin and the hilly areas, and roughly distributive in the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area and, in some places, in the Transylvanian Plain. This was also clearly reflected in the uneven territorial development of the county, especially due to the fact that, until 2016, the road network has not benefited from modernization programs, suffering degradation and, in some cases, becoming impassable. 9 The length of the public road network in Cluj County was 2,896 km in 2018, out of which: motorways - 68 km, national roads - 566 km, county roads – 1279 km, communal roads – 983 km (NIS, 2018). It saw a consistent development over the last decade, from 2,625 km in 2007 to 2,896 km in 2018, i.e. 271 kilometers (10.32%) of new public roads thus entered the economic circuit (Table 2). Table 2. Evolution of the national road infrastructure length in Cluj County, by road categories (2007-2018) Length (km) Length (km) Increase No. Road type 2007 2018 2007-2018 (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) 1 Motorway 0 0 68 2.34 +68 +100 2 National road 348 13.25 566 19.55 +218 +62.64 3 County road 1374 52.34 1279 44.16 -95 -6.91 4 Communal road 903 34.41 983 33.95 +80 8.85 5 Total length 2625 100.00 2896 100.00 +271 10.32 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 The most significant changes are found on upper category roads, thanks to the appearance of motorways. Thus, if no motorways were available in Cluj County in 2007, the end of 2008 marks the commissioning of the first 41 km of the Transylvania Motorway (A3), namely the Turda-Gilău section, supplemented in 2010 by another 11 km of the same motorway between Turda and Câmpia Turzii, and by another 68 km in 2018 by extending A3 to Nădășelu and adding a section of the A10 motorway, at the boundary of the Alba county and Turda (Fig. 6). Figure 6 – Comparison of the public road network in Cluj County, 2007 vs. 2018 (km) 1600 2007 2018 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Highway National Road County Road Communal Road Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 10 Moreover, national roads also saw an increase in length (218 km) by the reclassification and upgrading of certain county roads (e.g. DN1J, DN1R), or the construction of ring roads that were classified as national roads (e.g. DN1N), which represents an increase of +62.64% as compared to 2007. However, as far as county roads are concerned, one can note a reduction of length (-95 km) due to the reclassification of certain national roads, amounting to a -6.91% decrease as compared to 2007. Communal roads continued to increase during the analyzed period, both in numbers and length, from 903 to 983 km, which accounts for an increase of 80 km (+8.85%) (Fig. 7). Figure 7 – Comparison of the public road network in Cluj County, 2007 vs. 2018 2007 13,25% 34,41% Total length 2625 km 52,34% 2018 2,34% Highways National roads County roads 19,55% 33,95% Local roads Total length 2896 km 44,16% Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 With regard to the condition of public roads in Cluj County, one can note even more spectacular changes, with a general trend towards increasing the number of modernized roads (Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6). 11 Table 3. Total length and condition of public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2007 2625 612 23.31 2013 76.69 0 0.00 739 28.15 36.71 887 33.79 44.06 387 14.74 19.23 2008 2633 621 23.59 2012 76.41 0 0.00 759 28.83 37.72 881 33.46 43.79 372 14.13 18.49 2009 2673 672 25.14 2001 74.86 41 1.53 762 28.51 38.08 868 32.47 43.38 371 13.88 18.54 2010 2699 698 25.86 2001 74.14 52 1.93 764 28.31 38.18 866 32.09 43.28 371 13.75 18.54 2011 2720 728 26.76 1992 73.24 52 1.91 763 28.05 38.30 858 31.54 43.07 371 13.64 18.62 2012 2720 797 29.30 1923 70.70 52 1.91 742 27.28 38.59 813 29.89 42.28 368 13.53 19.14 2013 2800 1091 38.96 1709 61.04 52 1.86 843 30.11 49.33 642 22.93 37.57 224 8.00 13.11 2014 2800 1105 39.46 1695 60.54 52 1.86 842 30.07 49.68 629 22.46 37.11 224 8.00 13.22 2015 2801 1218 43.48 1583 56.52 52 1.86 750 26.78 47.38 609 21.74 38.47 224 8.00 14.15 2016 2800 1316 47.00 1484 53.00 52 1.86 670 23.93 45.15 590 21.07 39.76 224 8.00 15.09 2017 2801 1317 47.02 1484 52.98 52 1.86 670 23.92 45.15 598 21.35 40.30 216 7.71 14.56 2018 2828 1377 48.69 1451 51.31 68 2.40 660 23.34 45.49 580 20.51 39.97 211 7.46 14.54 1 – Year; 2 - Total road length (km); 3 - Modernized road (km); 4 - Share of modernized road out of total length (%); 5 - Non-modernized road (km); 6 - Share of non-modernized road out of total length (%); 7 - Motorways (km); 8 - Share of motorways out of total length (%); 9 - Light asphalt pavements (km); 10 - Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length (%); 11 - Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 12 - Gravel roads (km); 13 - Share of gravel roads out of total road length (%); 14 - Share of gravel roads out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 15 – Dirt roads (km); 16 - Share of dirt roads out of total length (%); 17 - Share of dirt roads out of total non-modernized roads (%). Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 12 Table 4. Total length and condition of national roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2007 348 348 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2008 436 373 85.55 63 14.45 43 9.86 68.25 20 4.59 31.75 0 0.00 0.00 2009 476 417 87.61 59 12.39 44 9.24 74.58 15 3.15 25.42 0 0.00 0.00 2010 502 443 1.0000 59 11.75 44 8.76 74.58 15 2.99 25.42 0 0.00 0.00 2011 538 482 89.59 56 10.41 44 8.18 78.57 12 2.23 21.43 0 0.00 0.00 2012 538 482 89.59 56 10.41 44 8.18 78.57 12 2.23 21.43 0 0.00 0.00 2013 538 482 89.59 56 10.41 44 8.18 78.57 12 2.23 21.43 0 0.00 0.00 2014 538 460 85.50 78 14.50 67 12.45 85.90 11 2.04 14.10 0 0.00 0.00 2015 539 485 89.98 54 10.02 54 10.02 100.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2016 538 515 95.72 23 4.28 23 4.28 100.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2017 539 516 95.73 23 4.27 23 4.27 100.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2018 566 543 95.94 23 4.06 23 4.06 100.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 – Year; 2– Total road length (km); 3– Modernized road (km); 4– Share of modernized road out of total length (%); 5– Non-modernized road (km); 6– Share of non-modernized road out of total length (%); 7– Light asphalt pavements (km); 8– Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length(%); 9– Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 10– Gravel roads (km); 11– Share of gravel roads out of total road length (%); 12– Share of gravel roads out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 13 – Dirt roads (km); 14– Share of dirt roads out of total length (%); 15– Share of dirt roads out of total non-modernized roads (%). Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 13 Table 5. Total length and condition of county roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2007 1374 243 17.69 1131 82.31 698 50.80 0.00 365 26.56 0.00 68 4.95 6.01 2008 1294 217 16.77 1077 83.23 685 52.94 63.60 324 25.04 30.08 68 5.26 6.31 2009 1294 224 17.31 1070 82.69 685 52.94 64.02 317 24.50 29.63 68 5.26 6.36 2010 1294 224 17.31 1070 82.69 687 53.09 64.21 315 24.34 29.44 68 5.26 6.36 2011 1279 210 16.42 1069 83.58 686 53.64 64.17 315 24.63 29.47 68 5.32 6.36 2012 1279 267 20.88 1012 79.12 665 51.99 65.71 282 22.05 27.87 65 5.08 6.42 2013 1279 301 23.53 978 76.47 640 50.04 65.44 273 21.34 27.91 65 5.08 6.65 2014 1279 337 26.35 942 73.65 616 48.16 65.39 261 20.41 27.71 65 5.08 6.90 2015 1279 425 33.23 854 66.77 537 41.99 62.88 252 19.70 29.51 65 5.08 7.61 2016 1279 493 38.55 786 61.45 488 38.15 62.09 233 18.22 29.64 65 5.08 8.27 2017 1279 493 38.55 786 61.45 488 38.15 62.09 233 18.22 29.64 65 5.08 8.27 2018 1279 526 41.13 753 58.87 472 36.90 62.68 219 17.12 29.08 62 4.85 8.23 1 – Year; 2 - Total road length (km); 3 - Modernized road (km); 4 - Share of modernized road out of total length (%); 5 - Non-modernized road (km); 6 - Share of non-modernized road out of total length (%); 7 - Light asphalt pavements (km); 8 - Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length(%); 9 - Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 10 - Gravel roads (km); 11 - Share of gravel roads out of total road length (%); 12 - Share of gravel roads out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 13 – Dirt roads (km); 14 - Share of dirt roads out of total length (%); 15 - Share of dirt roads out of total non-modernized roads (%). Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 14 Table 6. Total length and condition of communal roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2007 903 21 2.33 882 97.67 41 4.54 4.65 522 57.81 59.18 319 35.33 36.17 2008 903 31 3.43 872 96.57 31 3.43 3.56 537 59.47 61.58 304 33.67 34.86 2009 903 31 3.43 872 96.57 33 3.65 3.78 536 59.36 61.47 303 33.55 34.75 2010 903 31 3.43 872 96.57 33 3.65 3.78 536 59.36 61.47 303 33.55 34.75 2011 903 36 3.99 867 96.01 33 3.65 3.81 531 58.80 61.25 303 33.55 34.95 2012 903 48 5.32 855 94.68 33 3.65 3.86 519 57.48 60.70 303 33.55 35.44 2013 983 308 31.33 675 68.67 159 16.17 23.56 357 36.32 52.89 159 16.17 23.56 2014 983 308 31.33 675 68.67 159 16.17 23.56 357 36.32 52.89 159 16.17 23.56 2015 983 308 31.33 675 68.67 159 16.17 23.56 357 36.32 52.89 159 16.17 23.56 2016 983 308 31.33 675 68.67 159 16.17 23.56 357 36.32 52.89 159 16.17 23.56 2017 983 308 31.33 675 68.67 159 16.17 23.56 365 37.13 54.07 151 15.36 22.37 2018 983 308 31.33 675 68.67 165 16.79 24.44 361 36.72 53.48 149 15.16 22.07 1 – Year; 2 - Total road length (km); 3 - Modernized road (km); 4 - Share of modernized road out of total length (%); 5 - Non-modernized road (km); 6 - Share of non-modernized road out of total length (%); 7 - Light asphalt pavements (km); 8 - Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length(%); 9 - Share of roads with light asphalt pavements out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 10 - Gravel roads (km); 11 - Share of gravel roads out of total road length (%); 12 - Share of gravel roads out of total length of non-modernized roads (%); 13 – Dirt roads (km); 14 - Share of dirt roads out of total length (%); 15 - Share of dirt roads out of total non-modernized roads (%). Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 15 The overall network shows a prevalence of non-modernized versus modernized roads, with percentages falling from 76.69% to 50.10% between 2007 and 2018, which amounts to an increase of 25% of modernized roads (Table 7). Table 7. Evolution of the road infrastructure length in Cluj County by road categories, based on the infrastructure condition (2007-2018) Length (km) Length (km) Increase 2007 2018 2007-2018 No. Road type Share out Share out (km) of total (km) of total (km) (%) roads (%) roads (%) 1 Modernized roads 612 23.31 1445 49.90 +765 +125 2 Non-modernized roads, out of which: 2013 76.69 1451 50.10 -562 -27.91 2.1 Roads with light asphalt pavements 739 36.71 660 45.49 -79 -10.69 2.2 Gravel roads 887 44.06 580 39.97 -307 -34.61 2.3 Dirt roads 387 19.23 211 14.54 -176 -45.47 3 Total network length 2625 100.00 2896 100 +271 +10.32 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 However, more than 50% of the public road network was not yet modernized in 2018, which led to a series of territorial effects, most visibly the worsening of development gaps between the rural and urban areas of Cluj County (Fig. 8). 16 Figure 8 – Total length and condition of public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 3000 Modernized Road (km) Unmodernized Road (km) 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 In the case of non-modernized roads, it was found they slightly decreased during 2007-2018 in all categories - light asphalt pavements, gravel and dirt roads – which leads to the conclusion that some of them have been modernized. The most significant decrease was for dirt roads (-45.47%) and gravel roads (-34.61%), followed by light asphalt pavement roads (-10.69%). This trend was reinforced particularly after 2014 and was maintained up to 2018 (Fig. 9). Figure 9– Total length and condition of non-modernized public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 3000 Modernized Road (km) LIght Asphalt Clothing(km) Paved Road (km)Of Soil Road (km) 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 17 When analyzed in terms of type, the condition of roads is presented in an entirely new light. Thus, during the analyzed period (2007-2018), national roads increased in terms of length (+62.64%) and in the length (km) of modernized sections, which rose by a spectacular +195% (Table 8). Table 8. Evolution of the road infrastructure length in Cluj County, based on infrastructure condition (2007-2018) Length (km) Length (km) Increase 2007 2018 2007-2018 No. Road type Share out Share out (km) of total (km) of total (km) (%) roads (%) roads (%) 1 Modernized roads 348 100.00 543 95.93 +195 +50.03 2 Non-modernized roads, out of which: 0 0.00 23 4.07 +23 +100.00 2.1 Roads with light asphalt pavements 0 0.00 23 100.00 +23 +100.00 2.2 Gravel roads 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2.3 Dirt roads 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 Total length of national roads 348 100.00 566 100.00 218 +62.64 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 One should note that if the national roads in Cluj County were all modernized in 2007, the 2018 statistics showed 23 km as non-modernized on the former county road DJ 108 Huedin-Poiana Horea, in the Fântânele-Beliș Lake area, with light asphalt pavement (Fig. 10 and 11). The remaining roads are all modernized and in very good condition, with the exception of DN1R and DN1G, whose condition is poor, with many sections with rough and cracked pavement. This is due to not pursuing modernization works following their reclassification from county to national roads; however, the legal prerequisites for future modernization works have been fulfilled (Fig. 12). 18 Figure 10 –Total length and condition of public roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 600 Modernized Road (km) Unmodernized Road (km) 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 Figure 11– Total length and condition of non-modernized national roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 600 Modernized Road (km) Light clothing Asphalt (km) Paved Road (km) Of Soil Road (km) 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 There are no national roads recorded with dirt or gravel sections in Cluj County. 19 Figure 12– Map of road condition in Romania, 16 December 2018 Source: PRO România Association (http://storage07transcoder.rcs-rds.ro/storage/2019/02/18/1043433_1043433_harta-drumuri-1.pdf) 20 During the analyzed period, roads in Cluj County underwent a broad modernization process beginning with 2014. In spite of a decrease in total road length from 1374 km to 1279 km during the analyzed period, which amounts to a 6.91% decrease, the length of modernized roads grew from 243 km to 526 km, i.e. they more than doubled (+116,46%), a fact which significantly improved accessibility and driving times (Table 9, Fig. 13) Table 9. Evolution of the county road infrastructure length in Cluj County, based on infrastructure condition (2007-2018) Length (km) Length (km) Increase 2007 2018 2007-2018 No. Road type Share Share out out of (km) of total (km) total (km) (%) roads (%) roads (%) 1 Modernized roads 243 17.68 526 41.13 +283 +116.46 2 Non-modernized roads, out of which: 1131 82.32 753 58.87 -378 -33.42 2.1 Roads with light asphalt pavements 698 61.72 472 62.68 -226 -32.37 2.2 Gravel roads 365 32.27 219 29.08 -146 -40.00 2.3 Dirt roads 68 6.01 62 8.24 -6 -8.82 3 Total length of county roads 1374 100.00 1279 100.00 -95 -6.91 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 Figure 13 – Total length and condition of county roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 1500 Drum modernizat (km) Drum nemodernizat (km) 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 21 The decreased length of the county road network is caused by the reclassification of two county road sections as national roads. Non-modernized county roads witnessed a decrease from 1,131 km to 753 km, i.e. 33.42% of their total length. These numbers are encouraging, particularly if the pace of modernization is maintained in the future. The dominating non-modernized roads are of the light asphalt pavement type, which is another positive aspect, provided they are properly maintained. This category decreased during the analyzed period, from 698 km to 472 km, i.e. (32.37%). This decrease seems to be caused by the fact they were the first to be modernized, due to their advanced state of deterioration (Fig. 14). Figure 14 – Total length and condition of non-modernized county roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 1500 Drum modernizat (km) Îmbrăcăminți asfaltice ușoare (km) Pietruite (km) De pământ (km) 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 The length of gravel county roads fell from 365 km to 219 km, which is also a significant figure (40%) and led to increased accessibility and better driving times. The most insignificant change occurred on county dirt roads, which only decreased by 6 km, from 68 km to 62 km, i.e. 8.82%, in spite of being the most difficult road section in the entire road network due to reduced accessibility, particularly during the winter season. In this context, the Cluj County Council launched as of 2016 a broad Program for the modernization and rehabilitation of the more than 1200 km of county roads from the administrative territory of Cluj County. The sources to fund such investments were complex and varied from EU grants and County Council allocations to governmental funds, and even a bank loan. According to the statements of Cluj County Council, significant progress was made in this area during 2016-2018. Following an assessment of county road condition during 2016-2018, a number of 26 roads were selected for modernization and rehabilitation works (Fig. 15): 1). DJ108C Mănăstireni – Călata – Mărgău; 2). DJ107N Gura Rîșca – Someșu Rece; 3). DJ109B Fundătura – Cornești; 5). DJ107F Alba County limit – Luncani; 22 6). DJ107L Petrești – Lita; 7). DJ182E Chiuiești – Cășiel Monastery; 8). DJ105T Cluj-Napoca – Coruș – Berindu; 9). DJ161E Habadoc – Buza – Feldioara – Hodaie; 10). DJ109D Jucu de Sus – DN1C; 11). DJ108N Aghireșu – Sălaj County limit; 12). DJ103J Săcuieu – Vlădeasa; 13). DJ107P Gilău – SomeșuRece – Mărișel – DN1R; 14). DJ107M Luna de Sus – Băișoara – Buru – Alba County limit; 15). DJ109A Chinteni – Vultureni – ReceaCristur – DealuJurcii; 16). DJ150 Viișoara – Ceanu Mare – Frata – Mociu; 17). DJ107R MunteleBăișorii – Muntele Mare; 18). DJ108B Sălaj County limit – Bobâlna – ViileDejului; 19). DJ151C Mureș County limit – Tritenii de Jos; 20). DJ 161C Iclod – Aluniș; 21). DJ 161C Aluniș – Corneni; 22). DJ161A Iuriu de Câmpie – Ceanu Mare; 23). DJ108N Aghireșu – Sălaj County limit; 24). DJ103H Săcuieu – DJ 108C; 25). DJ109D Jucu de Sus – DN1C; 26). DJ161B Turda – Bogata – Călărași. Moreover, throughout this period, funds were earmarked for current and regular maintenance works for other 38 roads: 1). The following sections of DJ 103G: DN75 – Cheia – Cheile Turzii / Tureni – DN1(E60) / DN1(E60) – Ceanu Mic – Aiton / Gheorgheni – Ring road – Borhanci; 2). DJ103H Bologa – Săcuieu; 3). DJ103K DN1(E60) Capușu Mare – Râșca (DJ107L); 4). DJ103T DN1(E60) Feleacu – Feleacu Substation; 5). DJ105S Ring road – Pata – Boju; 6). DJ107J Valea Ierii (DJ107N) – Cerc; 7). The following sections of DJ107M: DN1(E60) Luna de Sus – Vlaha – Săcel / Săcel – Iara – Buru – Alba County limit; 8). DJ107P DN1(E60) Gilău – Someșul Rece – Mărișel – DN1R; 9). DJ107R Băișoara (DJ107M) – Muntele Băișorii Resort; 10). DJ107S Gura Râșca (DJ107N) – Măguri Răcătau; 11). The following sections of DJ 108C: Leghia – DN1(E60) / DN1(E60) – Ardeova; 12). DJ109 Rascruci (DN1C) – Borșa – Fodora – Așchileu Mic;13). DJ109A Chinteni – Vultureni – DealuJurcii (DJ108B);14). DJ109B Cornești – Tiocu de Sus – Oșorhel (DJ108B); 15). DJ109C Gherla – FizesuGerlii – Sântioana – Țaga – Cămărașu (DN16); 16). The following sections of DJ109G: Săcălaia – Sic / Coasta – Vișea; 17). DJ150 Viișoara – Frata – Mociu; 18). DJ150A Luna – 71 Luna Airbase; 19). DJ161A Apahida – Cojocna – Iuriu de Campie; 20). DJ161B Turda – Ploscoș; 21). DJ161 DN16 Gădălin – Bonțida – DN1C – Dabâca – Panticeu – Sărata; 22). The following sections of DJ161D: Nireș (DJ172F) – Unguraș – Unguraș Valley / Ceaba – Sânmartin – DJ109C; 23 23). The following sections of DJ161G: VaidaCămărașu – DN16 / DN16 - Căianu; 24). DJ161K DN16 – Bărăi; 25). DJ764B DN1 – Drăgan Dam; 26). DJ161E Habadoc – Diviciori; 27). The following sections of DJ103G: Podeni – Moldovenești / Cheile Turzii - Săndulești; 28). DJ103J Alunișu – Săcuieu (DJ103H) – Vișagu; 29). DJ103M DN1(E60) Vâlcele – Rediu – Aiton; 30). DJ107N Valea Ierii (DJ107J) – Plopi – Gura Rașca; 31). DJ107T Mărișel – Măguri Răcătău – Măguri; 32). DJ109S Deuș – Sânmartin – Giula – Borșa; 33). DJ109V Pădureni – Satu Lung – Giula (DJ 109S) ; 34). DJ161C Corneni – Pintic; 35). DJ161J DN16 – Roșieni – Geaca; 36). DJ108K Bihor County limit – DJ764B Drăgan Dam; 37). DJ182F DN17 (Cuzdrioara) – Gârbou Valley– DN18B; 38). DJ105T SălișteaVeche – Berindu. Figure 15 – Schedule of investment works (modernization and rehabilitation), current and regular maintenance of certain county roads in Cluj County, as proposed in 2018 Source: authors During June 2016 – November 2018, the County Council carried out rehabilitation and modernization works on no less than 420 km of county roads, accounting for around 35% of the total length of this road category in the county. Thus, in 2017, works were carried out on more than 700 km of county roads. Moreover, in the same year, the Cluj County Council extended and stepped up the Program for the modernization and 24 rehabilitation of the county road network, with an impressive end-year account: more than 660 km of county roads with various types of maintenance works, i.e. around 65 km of county roads with complex modernization and rehabilitation works on the pavement sub-layers. The county roads with completed modernization and maintenance works, and the roads on which rehabilitation works already began and which will be completed in the near future, were selected based on economic and technical criteria. Moreover, the need for such rehabilitation works was determined by the advanced state of degradation of the road surface, caused by both their weak structure and the intense traffic. Thus, all these roads and road sections were subject to multiple road defects – cracks of various depths, rutting, surfaces lacking grip, etc., and defects which affected their carrying capacity, such as the flatness of the road surfaces, which no longer complied with the minimum safety conditions for use. Thus, at the end of 2017, the County Council recorded 22 county roads or county road sections with completed maintenance works such as asphalt laying, current repairs, and other works required to maintain adequate conditions for use. These works were carried out on the following county roads: 1). Several sections of DJ108C, as follows: Scrind – Răchițele, Gârbău – Leghia, Mănăstireni – DN1; 2). DJ107S Gura Râșca – Măguri Răcătău; 3). DJ107T, around Măguri Răcătău; 4). DJ103H (DN1) – Bologa – Săcuieu; 5). Several sections of DJ103G, as follows: Ceanu Mic – Aiton, Podeni –Moldovenești – Cheile Turzii – Săndulești – DJ 107L, Petreștii de Jos - Tureni, Tureni – Aiton, Aiton - Gheorgheni - Vâlcele ring road – Dezmir – Apahida; 6). DJ103K Căpușu Mare – Agârbiciu – Râșca – Beliș; 7). DJ107M Luna de Sus – Săvădisla – Baișoara – Iara – Buru – Alba County limit; 8). DJ107R, on the Făget – Sălicea – Ciurila – DJ 107L and Băișoara – Muntele Băișorii road sections; 9). DJ109E ViileDejului – Cetan – Vad – Sălaj County limit; 10). DJ161, Bonțida – DN1C and Bonțida – Gădălin road sections; 11). DJ764B (DN1) – Valea Drăganului – Drăgan dam; 12). DJ109C Gherla – Țaga – Cămărașu; 13). DJ109D Gherla – Săcălaia – Sic – Vișea; 14). DJ161B Ploscoș – Turda; 15). DJ107L Turda – Petreștii de Jos; 16). DJ103I Cheile Turzii; 25 17). DJ103L Mănăstireni – Râșca; 18). DJ150 Mociu – Chesău; 19). DJ109 Răscruci – Borșa – Așchileu; 20). DJ103M Vâlcele – Rediu – Aiton; 21). DJ109A Chinteni – Vultureni; 22). DJ161K (DN16) – Bărăi. Also in 2017, maintenance and repair works were carried out on the following county roads: 1). DJ161A Apahida – Cojocna – Iuriu de Câmpie; 2). DJ161 (DN1C) – Dabâca – Panticeu; 3). DJ161D Dej – Valea Ungurașului. With regard to the maintenance works carried out in the wake of emergency situations caused in particular by extreme weather conditions occurring in Cluj County during 2017, six county roads were subject to interventions: DJ182F, DJ103V, DJ161, DJ764B, DJ763 and DJ108K. The works were mainly aimed at clearing trees from roadways, removing gravel and other materials, repairing the road surface, etc. Therefore, in order to fully remove such negative effects and restore vehicle traffic as soon as possible, the Cluj County Council supplemented its own budget with RON 100,000 in September 2017, which was also used to rebuild the burned bridge from the Cheile Turzii Natural Reserve. Moreover, the reserve fund of the Cluj County budget provided financial support for the partial addressing of the effects of natural disasters in the city of Huedin and the communes of Vad, Gilău, Sîncraiu, Cuzdrioara, Recea Cristur, Săcuieu, Negreni, Marișel, Căpușu Mare and Cășeiu. Also in 2017, maintenance works were carried out, consisting in gravelling, vegetation cutting, etc. on several road sections on the following county roads: DJ161E, DJ161J, DJ161C, DJ109S, DJ107T, DJ161G, DJ161K, DJ107N, DJ103J, DJ109A, DJ109V, DJ107R, DJ103J. As far as the investment works under modernization and rehabilitation programs are concerned, the end of 2017 saw the completion of works on 5 county roads: 1). DJ103J (DN1R) – Sâncraiu – Alunișu; 2). DJ172F Gherla – MintiulGherlii – Mica – Bistrița-Năsăud County limit; 3). DJ105T Cluj-Napoca – Corușu – Berindu – DN1F; 4). DJ161B Turda – Bogata – Călărași; 5). DJ161H (DN16) – Suatu. The main modernization works carried out on those roads consisted in groundworks, laying cobblestone layers, building bridges and culverts, building prop walls and road shoulders, building junctions with adjacent roads, cutting vegetation on the sides of roads, laying asphalt layers and wearings, and placing of road markings and signage. 26 Also in 2017, modernization and rehabilitation works were carried out on 13 county roads: 1). DJ108C Mănăstireni – Călata – Mărgău; 2). DJ107N Gura Râșca – Someșu Rece; 3). DJ107N Băișoara – Valea Ierii; 4). DJ109B Fundatură – Cornești; 5). DJ161C Iclod – Aluniș – Corneni; 6). DJ107L Petrești – Lita; 7). DJ182E Chiuiești – Cașiel Monastery; 8). DJ107F Luncani – Alba County limit; 9). DJ109D (DJ 161) – Jucu de Sus – DN1C; 10). DJ161E Habadoc – Buza – Feldioara – Hodaie; 11). DJ151C Tritenii de Jos – Mureș County limit; 12). DJ107R Muntele Băișorii (Băișoara resort) – Muntele Mare (the Buscat ski slope); 13). DJ108B ViileDejului – Bobâlna – Sălaj County limit. Following the completion of maintenance and modernization works on county roads, the Cluj County Council began extensive placing of road markings, which was absolutely required in order to ensure optimum traffic conditions in terms of both driving comfort and traffic safety. Thus, at end-2017, longitudinal (axial) road markings that delineate traffic lanes were placed on a total length in excess of 200 km of roads or county road sections, with an effective marked length of 146.68 km, as follows: 1). DJ103H (DN1) Bologa – Săcuieu – Scrind – Frăsinet (on the road section between km 0+000 and km 19+250; 13.0 km of effectively marked line); 2). DJ103K Căpușu Mare – Agârbiciu – Râșca – Beliș – DN1R (on the road section between km 9+435 and km 35+155; 18.5 km of effectively marked line); 3). DJ103L Râșca – Mănăstireni (on the road section between km 0+000 and km 8+000; 5.0 km of effectively marked line); 4). DJ107R Făget – Sălicea – Ciurila (on the road section between km 8+300 and km 21+350; 8.5 km of effectively marked line); 5). DJ107S Gura Râșca – Măguri Răcătău (on the road section between km 0+000 and km 11+000; 7.5 km of effectively marked line); 6). DJ108C Gârbău – AghireșFabrici – Aghireș – Leghia – DN1 (on the road section between km 3+750 and km 28+050; 24.3 km of effectively marked line); 27 7). DJ109E Viile Dejului – Cetan – Vad – Valea Groșilor (on the road section between km 1+710 and km 14+480; 7.5 km of effectively marked line); 8). DJ161A Apahida – Cojocna – Iuriu de Câmpie (on the road section between km 8+300 and km 21+350; 5.5 km of effectively marked line); 9). DJ103G Aiton – Gheorgheni – Vâlcele ring road – Dezmir – Apahida (on the road section between km 48+480 and km 59+680; 8.850 km of effectively marked line); 10). DJ103G (DN1) – Tureni – DJ107L (on the road section between km 38+287 and km 41+787; 2.8 km of effectively marked line); 11). DJ107L Turda – Săndulești – Petreștii de Jos (on the road section between km 0+000 and km 13+900; 11.2 km of effectively marked line); 12). DJ107R Băișoara – Muntele Băișorii resort (on the road section between km 44+880 and km 58+680; 11.850 km of effectively marked line); 13). DJ108C (DN1F) – Gârbău (on the road section between km 5+600 and km 8+150; 1.850 km of effectively marked line); 14). DJ109D Gherla – Săcălaia – Sic – Coasta (on the road section between km 0+000 and km 17+860; 13.250 km of effectively marked line); 15). DJ109T Nicula Monastery – Nicula (on the road section between km 0+000 and km 2+460; 1.320 km of effectively marked line); 16). DJ161 (DN1C) – Bonțida (on the road section between km 22+700 and km 29+000; 4.870 km of effectively marked line); 17). DJ161F Valea Caldă – Cătina (on the road section between km 0+000 and km 1+590; 0.890 km of effectively marked line). Moreover, road signage works were carried out on 20 county roads, consisting in replacements, additions and installing new traffic signs, while pedestrian crossings were drawn in the localities of Bologa, Sălicea, Ciurila, Aghireș, Aghireș Fabrici, Cojocna, Tureni, Gârbău, Sic and Bonțida. Also in 2017, the Cluj County Council concluded three EU grant agreements aimed at the rehabilitation and modernization of several county roads of regional importance: DJ108K and DJ764B (the Apuseni Road), and DJ109, DJ172A, DJ161G and DJ161 (Bistrița Road). With a total length of 98.97 km, these county roads cross and serve no less than 12 communes: Poieni, Săcuieu, Bonțida, Borșa, Vultureni, Așchileu, Țaga, Căianu, Pălatca, Geaca, Jucu and Căianu. They are deemed of strategic importance from a tourism standpoint, as they connect Cluj County with the neighboring counties. As far as the North Transylvania Regional Route, Apuseni Road is concerned, Project 1 is aimed at two county road sections, namely DJ108K, from km 26+455 to km 29+495, and DJ 764B, from km 0+000 to km 22+164,500, with a total length of 25.2 km. Project 2 under the North Transylvania Regional Route, Bistrița Road, includes DJ109 from km 0+000 to km 31+976, with a length of 31.98 km, while Project 3, which part of the same route, is aimed at three county road sections, i.e. DJ172A, from km 33+000 to km 39+452, DJ161G, from km 0+000 to km 18+406, and DJ 161, from km 0+000 to km 16+933,100, with a total length of 41.79 km. The above mentioned county roads are part of the North Transylvania Regional Route, which ensures connections 28 with the TEN-T European transport network, and will receive EU grants with a total amount of RON 357,072,099.96 through the 2014-2020 Regional Operational Program. This amount will be supplemented with RON 8,854,673.4 from the Cluj County Council. No less than 39 county roads were subject to rehabilitation and modernization or maintenance works in the first three quarters of 2018. With regard to the programs of county road rehabilitation/modernization and maintenance works, carried out during the first nine months of 2018, works were or are being carried out on no less than 39 county roads. Out of these 39 roads, 13 are subject to rehabilitation and modernization works, while on other 26 current and period maintenance works were performed, or are currently ongoing. Moreover, both the rehabilitation and modernization works on county roads, and the current and periodic maintenance works were aimed at all areas in the county, with interventions both on roads connecting the county seat with other cities and on roads that are very important for the county's tourism or economy. As far as the investments under the modernization and rehabilitation programs are concerned, works were being performed on the following 5 county roads at the beginning of October 2018: 1). DJ161A Iuriu de Câmpie – Ceanu Mare – DJ 150; 2). DJ107N, on two road sections, i.e. Băișoara – Valea Ierii and Gura Râșca – Someșul Rece; 3). DJ161C Aluniș – Corneni; 4). DJ109A Vultureni – Jurca Hill; 5). DJ107R Muntele Băișorii – Muntele Mare – Buscat ski slope; 6). DJ108C Mănăstireni – Călata – Mărgău – Răchițele; 7). DJ107P Gilău – Someșu Rece – Mărișel – DN1R; 8). DJ151C Tritenii de Jos – Mureș County limit; 9). DJ107L Petrești – Lita; 10). DJ108B Sălaj County limit – Bobâlna – ViileDejului; 11). DJ109D Jucu de Mijloc; 12). DJ107M Luna de Sus – Vlaha – Săvădisla – Băișoara – Iara – Buru – Alba County limit; 13). DJ109B Fundătura – Cornești. At the same time, in terms of maintenance works, works were completed or were ongoing in the first nine months or 2018 that consisted in laying asphalt, repairs and other operations required to maintain adequate conditions for use on the following county roads or county road sections: 1). Several sections of DJ103G, as follows: Aiton – Ceanu Mic (final asphalt layer), DN1 – Tureni (final asphalt layer), (DN75) Mihai Viteazu – Cheia – Cheile Turzii (final asphalt layer), Cheile Turzii – Săndulești (gravelling), Gheorgheni – Vâlcele ring road – Dezmir – Apahida (final asphalt layer), Podeni 29 – Moldovenești (ditches, clearing of culverts), Vâlcele ring road – Dezmir – Apahida – boundary with the city of Cluj-Napoca (patches, fillings); 2). DJ161B Turda – Ploscoș (final asphalt layer); 3). DJ103M Rediu – Aiton (gravelling); 4). DJ103K Căpușu Mare – Râșca (patches, fillings, asphalt layer); 5). DJ107R Băișoara – Muntele Băișorii (final asphalt layer); 6). DJ107N Muntele Rece Monastery (ditches, gravel laying); 7). DJ107M Săcel – Buru – Alba County limit (fillings, patches); 8). DJ103T Feleacu – Feleacu ski slope (final asphalt layer); 9). DJ150A Luna – 71 Luna Airbase (final asphalt layer); 10). DJ150 Crișeni – DN 16 (patches, fillings); 11). DJ109V Pădureni – Satu Lung (recycling and laying of asphalt); 12). DJ109S Borșa – Giula (filling holes with gravel); 13). DJ764B (DN1) Valea Drăganului – Drăgan Dam (patches); 14). DJ108K Bihor County limit – DJ764B (patches); 15). DJ161A Apahida – Cojocna – Iuriu de Câmpie (patches, fillings); 16). DJ161 Bonțida (patches, fillings); DJ161 Dăbâca – Pâglișa – Dârja – Panticeu (recycling ad laying of asphalt); DJ161 Gădălin (asphalt patches, fillings); 17). DJ109D Sic – Coasta – Vișea (recycling and final asphalt layer); 18). DJ161D Nireș – Unguraș – Valea Ungurașului (asphalt patches, fillings and final asphalt layer); 19). DJ107N Muntele Rece – Gura Râștii (gravelling); 20). DJ108C (DN1) – Ardeova – Mănăstireni (final asphalt layer); DJ108C Leghia – DN1 (patches, fillings); 21). DJ107T Măguri Răcătău – Măguri (resurfacing with addition of gravel); 22). DJ109C on the FizeșuGherlii – Sântioana – Țaga road sections (roadway repairs, fillings) and Ţaga – Sucutard – Cămărașu (asphalt patches and ditches); 23). DJ107J Valea Ierii – Caps – Cerc (final asphalt layer); 30 24). DJ107P Someșu Rece – Mărișel (patches); 25). DJ109S Borșa – Giula (gravelling); 26). DJ109A Vultureni – Chinteni (asphalt layer); Moreover, following certain emergency situations, works were carried out in 2018 on the following county roads: DJ 107P Mărișel, DJ764B Valea Drăganului, DJ 109C Sucutard, DJ 107R Ciurila and DJ 107R Filea de Jos. Moreover, longitudinal (axial) markings to delineate traffic lanes were laid on a total length of 153.345 kilometers, as follows: 1). DJ 108C Gârbău – Aghireș – Leghia (on the road section between km 5+600 and km 28+050; 22.45 km); 2). DJ 107R Făget – Sălicea – Ciurila (on the road section between km 8+300 and km 21+350; 13.05 km); 3). DJ 103G (DN1) Tureni – Ceanu Mic – Aiton – Gheorgheni – Ring road (on the road section between km 41+787 and km 58+387; 16.6 km); Ring road - boundary of city of Cluj-Napoca (on a 2 km road section); 4). DJ 103G (DN1) Tureni – DJ 107L (on a 3.6 km road section); 5). DJ 107R Băișoara – Muntele Băișorii (on the road section between km 28+650 and km 47+350; 18.7 km, and pedestrian crossings in Băișoara and Muntele Băișorii); 6). DJ 150A (DN15) – 71 Luna Airbase (on a 2.6 km road section, from km 0+000 to km 2+600); 7). DJ 109C Gherla – FizeșuGherlii, DJ 109D Gherla – Nicula – Săcălaia and DJ 109T Nicula – Nicula Monastery (axial road markings on a total length of approx. 10 km); 8). DJ 108C (DN1) – Ardeova – Mănăstireni (axial road marking works on an 8 km road section, from km 28+050 to km 36+050); 9). DJ 103L Mănăstireni – Râșca (axial road marking works on an approx. 5.5 km road section, from km 0+000 to km 5+430); 10). DJ 103T Feleacu – Feleacu ski slope (on an approx. 2.5 km road section, from km 0+000 to km 2+450); 11). DJ 161B Turda – Ploscoș (axial road marking works on an 13.125 km road section, from km 11+419 to km 24+544); 12). DJ 103V (DJ 107M) – Stolna: (on a 2 km road section, from km 4+400 to km 6+400); 13). DJ 103V (DJ 107M) – Vălișoara: (on a 5 km road section, from km 6+400 to km 11+400); 14). DJ 107J (DJ 107M) – Săvădisla – Finișel: (on a 2.5 km road section, from km 0+000 to km 2+500); 15). DJ 103K Căpușu Mare – Râșca – Beliș (DN1R): (on a 25.720 km road section, from km 9+435 to km 35+155).Thanks to this program, the following works were performed on county roads in 2018: 31 Rehabilitation and modernization works. It includes the county roads that were completed up to now, and the roads with major investment works that will be completed in 2019, as provided under the respective contracts (Fig. 16): 1). DJ 161A Iuriu de Câmpie – Ceanu Mare – DJ 150; 2). DJ 107N, on two road sections, i.e. Băișoara – Valea Ierii and Gura Râșca – Someșul Rece; 3). DJ 161C Aluniș – Corneni; 4). DJ 109A Vultureni – DealulJurcii; 5). DJ 107R Muntele Băișorii – Muntele Mare – Buscat ski slope; 6). DJ 108C Mănăstireni – Călata – Mărgău – Răchițele; 7). DJ 107P Gilău – Someșu Rece – Mărișel – DN1R; 8). DJ 151C Tritenii de Jos – Mureș County limit; 9). DJ 107L Petrești – Lita; 10). DJ 108B Sălaj County limit – Bobâlna – ViileDejului; 11). DJ 109D Jucu de Mijloc; 12). DJ 107M Luna de Sus – Vlaha – Săvădisla – Băișoara – Iara – Buru – Alba County limit; 13). DJ 109B Fundătura – Cornești; 14). DJ 150 Viișoara – Ceanu Mare – Frata – Mociu; 15). DJ 108N (DJ 108C) Aghireș – Sălaj county limit; 16). DJ 107F Luncani (DN15) – Alba County limit. Current and periodic maintenance works. It includes county roads and county road sections completed in 2018, and to be completed later. The main woks consisted in asphalt laying, current repairs, and other operations required to maintain adequate conditions for use: 1). Several sections of DJ 103G, as follows: Aiton – Ceanu Mic (completed asphalt layer), DN1 – Tureni (completed asphalt layer), (DN75) Mihai Viteazu – Cheia – Cheile Turzii (completed asphalt layer), Cheile Turzii – Săndulești (gravelling), Gheorgheni – Vâlcele ring road – Dezmir – Apahida (completed asphalt layer), Podeni – Moldovenești (ditches, clearing of culverts), Vâlcele ring road – Dezmir – Apahida – boundary with the city of Cluj-Napoca (patches, fillings); 2). DJ 161B Turda – Ploscoș (final asphalt layer); 3). DJ 103M Rediu – Aiton (gravelling); 4). DJ 103K Căpușu Mare – Râșca (patches, fillings, asphalt layer); 5) DJ 107R Băișoara – Muntele Băișorii resort (final asphalt layer); 32 6). DJ 107N Muntele Rece Monastery (ditches, gravel laying); 7). DJ 107M Săcel – Buru – Alba County limit (fillings, patches); 8). DJ 103T Feleacu – Feleacu ski slope (final asphalt layer); 9). DJ 150A Luna – 71 Luna Airbase (final asphalt layer); 10). DJ 150 Crișeni – DN16 (patches, fillings); 11). DJ 109V Pădureni – Satu Lung (recycling and laying of asphalt); 12). DJ764B (DN1) Valea Drăganului – Drăgan Dam (patches); 13). DJ 108K Bihor County limit – DJ764B (patches); 14). DJ 161A Apahida – Cojocna (patches, fillings); 15). DJ 161 Bonțida (patches, fillings); DJ 161 Dăbâca – Pâglișa – Dârja – Panticeu (recycling ad laying of asphalt); DJ 161 Gădălin (asphalt patches, fillings); 16). DJ 109D Sic – Coasta – Vișea (recycling and final asphalt layer); 17). DJ 161D Nireș – Unguraș – Valea Ungurașului (asphalt patches, fillings and final asphalt layer); 18). DJ 107N Muntele Rece – Gura Râștii (gravelling); 19). DJ 108C (DN1) – Ardeova – Mănăstireni (final asphalt layer); DJ 108C Leghia – DN1 (patches, fillings); 20). DJ 107T Măguri Răcătău – Măguri (resurfacing with addition of gravel); 21). DJ 109C on the FizeșuGherlii – Sântioana – Ţaga road sections (roadway repairs, fillings) and Ţaga – Sucutard – Cămărașu (asphalt patches and ditches); 22). DJ 107J Valea Ierii – Caps – Cerc (final asphalt layer); 23). DJ 107P Someșu Rece – Mărișel (patches); 24). DJ 109S Borșa – Giula – Sânmărtin (gravelling); 25). DJ 109A Vultureni – Chinteni (asphalt layer); 26). DJ 107R Cluj-Napoca – Făget – Ciurila – DJ 107L (patches); 27). DJ 107R Filea de Jos – Filea de Sus (final asphalt layer); 28). DJ 182F Mănășturel (gravelling). 33 The spatial situation is as follows (Fig. 16). Figure 16 – Schedule of investment works (modernization and rehabilitation), current and regular maintenance of certain county roads in Cluj County, as performed in 2018 Source: authors The account of 2018 at the end of the weather-permitting construction period showed that no less than 55 county roads or county road sections had been subject to rehabilitation, modernization and maintenance works. Considering the paradigm change at county administration level, which understood the need to advance asphalting works at the expense of patching, a total of 107.04 km were asphalted under the maintenance program during the analyzed period, and 50.7 km under investment projects (rehabilitation and modernization). In percentages, this meant an increase of asphalted sections by around 22% as compared to 2017. It is also to be noted that the Cluj County Council allocated RON 841,655,627.6 for the rehabilitation of the road infrastructure alone during 2018, which is the equivalent of approximately EUR 183 million. Nearly 75% (RON 627,733,653) of this amount came from EU grants secured by the County Council. The remaining funds mostly came from financial allocations from the County Council's budget, as well as the loan secured for this purpose, and from national programs intended for local infrastructure development. For 2019, the Cluj County Council seeks to carry out works on 47 county roads of Cluj County, which will benefit from thorough modernization or rehabilitation works, or maintenance works (Fig. 17). 34 Figure 17– Schedule of investment works (modernization and rehabilitation), current and regular maintenance of certain county roads in Cluj County, as proposed in 2019 Source: authors These projects will be funded as follows: - RON 61,000,000 for patching and asphalt laying on 41 county roads; - RON 27,000,000 for rehabilitation and modernization works which began last year, but also for new investments, on a total length of 238 km; - RON 246,000,000 will be used to fund European projects aimed at rehabilitating the road infrastructure, both for continuing works on projects that began one year prior and for works that are due to begin shortly this year. Out of these funds, RON 138,840,000 will be used to continue works on the Bistrița Road and Apuseni Road; RON 107,000,000 will be used to modernize and rehabilitate 20 county road sections grouped into nine county routes, as part of the European project "The Northern Transylvania Regional Route”, funded from the 2014-2020 ROP. However, communal problems remain a difficult issue in Cluj County, since they are currently managed by local councils and are not covered by a consistent modernization program as county roads do. Thus, the road conditions in Cluj County are as follows (Table 10). 35 Table 10. Evolution of communal road length in Cluj County, based on infrastructure condition (2007-2018) Length (km) Length (km) Increase 2007 2018 2007-2018 No. Road type Share out Share out (km) of total (km) of total (km) (%) roads (%) roads (%) 1 Modernized roads 21 2.33 308 31.33 +287 +1366.00 2 Non-modernized roads, out of which: 882 97.67 675 68.67 -207 -23.46 2.1 Roads with light asphalt pavements 41 4.65 165 24.44 +123 +300.00 2.2 Gravel roads 522 59.18 361 53.49 -161 -30.84 2.3 Dirt roads 319 36.17 149 22.07 -170 -53.29 3 Total length of national roads 903 100.00 983 100.00 +80 +8.85 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 During the analyzed period, it was firstly found their total length grew from 903 km to 983 km due to a need to increase connectivity and accessibility. Moreover, the most important finding is that the share of modernized communal roads grew by 1366%, from 21 km in 2007 to 308 km in 2018. This fact reveals that local authorities have understood that all communities have an equal entitlement to accessibility and transportation. However, 68.67% of these roads are still classified non-modernized communal roads, which is a drag on local development. Most of the non-modernized roads consist in gravel roads (53.49%), followed by light asphalt pavement roads (24.44%) and dirt roads on the third place (22.07%), the latter still giving rise to major accessibility issues (Fig. 18) for the local communities. 36 Figure 18– Total length and condition of communal roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 1100 Drum modernizat (km) Drum nemodernizat (km) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 These non-modernized communal roads are located in the poor communes of the county, which are usually found near the county limits or in mountain areas. The beginning of 2013 saw an increase in the length of communal roads and roads with light asphalt pavements, a situation which is maintained to this day (Fig. 19). Figure 19– Total length and condition of non-modernized communal roads in Cluj County, 2007-2018 (km) 1100 Drum modernizat (km) Îmbrăcăminți asfaltice ușoare (km) Pietruite (km) De pământ (km) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NIS - TEMPO Online database, 2019 37 2.2. Road transport infrastructure based on surface type and condition – current situation The field study from July-August 2019 on the state of road infrastructure in Cluj County revealed several relevant aspects regarding the road pavement and its condition. The data used in this study were not provided by the authorized institutions; they were collected on the ground by the project team. The methodology used for establishing the type of road surface and itscondition is in accordance with thatdescribed in the Road Technical Bulletin no. 3/2010 drawn up by CNADNR (National Company for Road Infrastructure Administration). According to Art. 9 of the Normative actregarding the performance-based maintenance of national roads (AND 599-2010), the road surface condition is classified, in terms of degradation,in 5 quality categories: very good, good, alert (medium), poorand very poor. Very good means a level of road surfacedegradation of up to 5% and there is no need for remedial or repair works. Degradation types – none; Good means a level of road surface degradation between 5% and 10%. Degradation types – surface degradation. Measures – crack sealing, very thin bituminous coatings; Alert (medium) means a level of road surface degradation between 10% and 23%. Degradation types – local structure degradation. The remedial measures include repair works and replacement of the asphalt wearing course. Poor means a level of road surface degradation between 23% and 77%. Degradation types – major structure degradation. Measures –structure reinforcement. Very poor means a level of road surface degradation of more than 77%. Degradation types – destroyed road. Measures – total rehabilitation of the road structure. As there is no other methodological specification, we used the same quality assessment methodology for the county and communal roads. To this end, observations and measurements were made on the ground,based on this methodology, by covering the entire network of classified roads in Cluj County. These observations and measurements are complemented by an image portfolio regarding the situation on the ground, which was presented to the project manager, part of which can be found in this supporting study, Thus, in terms of road pavement, the following relevant aspects were found (Fig. 20, Fig. 21, and Table 11): 1). The classified roads (national, county and communal) of Cluj County are undergoing modernization and improvement works, with 4.8% of the roads being currently with works in progress. 2). In terms of pavement type, roads with final pavements (RC) were found to be clearly prevailing (RC), with national roads accounting for (86.81%), county roads (50.17%), and communal roads merely 1.08%. 3). Light road pavements (AM) prevail in communal roads (49.38%) and county roads (22.79%), but is occasionally found on national roads (9.99%), in road sections that have not yet been modernized. 38 4). However, certain road sections still feature heavy concrete pavements (BC), but they represent an insignificant share of classified roads (2.24% - national roads; 1.25% - county roads; 0.34% - communal roads). 5). Currently, there are no classified roads in Cluj County which use cobblestone as road pavements. 6). It is also to be noted that there are classified roads with pavements of sorted and unsorted gravel in Cluj County, which however provide less than adequate driving conditions; they prevail in communal roads (31.41% are still gravel roads), and account for 14.58% of county roads. Figure 20– Length of roads based on types of road pavements in Cluj County, July-August 2019 (km) 800,000 Drumuri naționale Drumuri județene Drumuri comunale 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0,000 Drum în lucru Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică Îmbrăcăminte beton de Pavaj piatră cioplită Pietruit Pământ definitivă uşoară ciment Source: authors Figure 21 – Length of roads classified based on types of road pavements in Cluj County, July-August 2019 Pământ Drumuri naționale Drumuri județene Drumuri comunale Pietruit Pavaj piatră cioplită Îmbrăcăminte beton de ciment Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică uşoară Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică definitivă Drum în lucru (km) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Source: authors 39 7). The most pressing issue of the classified roads in Cluj County is the continued existence of dirt road sections, accounting for 16.42% of communal roads and 2.41% of county roads. 8). In the case of county roads, it is worth noting that these dirt sections are mainly located in the central part, thus blocking the connectivity across the entire road and hindering connectivity between localities. 9). The county roads with dirt road sections within the analyzed area are the following: DJ 103V: begins on DJ 107P (Someșu Rece) – ends on DJ 107L (Vălișoara), dirt section between km 18+900 - 20+640, with a length of 1.740 km (Fig. 22); DJ 105T: begins on DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) – ends on DN 1F (Berindu), dirt section between km 14+800 - 19+750, with a length of 4.950 km (Fig. 23); DJ 107J: begins on DJ 107M (Săvădisla) - Finișel - Valea Ierii - Caps – ends in Cerc, dirt section between km 8+800 - 10+950, with a length of 2.150 km (Fig. 24); DJ 105: begins on DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) – ends on DJ 161G (Pălatca), dirt section between km 48+100 - 50+950, with a length of 2.850 km (Fig. 25); Figure 22 – Dirt road section on DJ 103V: from DJ 107P (Someșu Rece) to DJ 107L (Vălișoara) Source: authors 40 Figure 23 – Dirt road section on DJ 105T: from DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) to DN 1F (Berindu) Source: authors DJ 161B: begins on DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) – ends on DC 68A (Călărași Gară), dirt section between km 5+200 - 10+000, with a length of 4.800 km (Fig. 26); DJ 161C: begins on DN 1C (Iclod) – ends on DN 1C (Dej), dirt section between km 15+100 - 18+050, with a length of 2.950 km (Fig. 27); DJ 161D: begins on DC 174 (Jichișu de Sus) – ends on DJ 161E (Târgușor), dirt section between km 40+450 - 43+050, with a length of 2.600 km (Fig. 28); 41 Figure 24 – Dirt road section on DJ 107J: from DJ 107M (Săvădisla) - Finișel - Valea Ierii - Cerc Source: authors Figure 25– Dirt road section on DJ 150: from DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) to DJ 161G (Pălatca) Source: authors DJ 161E: begins on DJ 161D (Târgușor) – ends on DN 109C (Hodaie), dirt section between km 6+100 - 8+230, with a length of 2.130 km (Fig. 29); DJ 170B: begins on DN 1F (Topa Mică) – ends on DJ 109 (Așchileu Mic), dirt section between km 0+000 - 8+000, with a length of 8.000 km (Fig. 30). 42 10). There are another 51 communal roads of the 175 roads with dirt sections, and one communal road which is dirt on its entire length: DC14, beginning on DJ 161D, in the locality of Sicfa. Most of these dirt road sections are found at the end of the road or at its middle, in which case the road fails to provide connectivity from start to finish. Figure 26 – Dirt road section on DJ 161B: from DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) to DC 68A (Călărași Gară) Source: authors Figure 27– Dirt road section on DJ 161C: from DN 1C (Iclod) to DN 1C (Dej) Source: authors 43 Figure 28 – Dirt road section on DJ 161D: from DC 174 (Jichișu de Sus) to DJ 161E – (Târgușor) Source: authors Figure 29 –Dirt road section on DJ 161E: from DJ 161D (Târgușor) to DJ 109C (Hodaie) Source: authors 44 Figure 30– Dirt road section on DJ 170B: from DN 1F (Topa Mică) to DJ 109 (Așchileu Mic) Source: authors In terms of condition of road pavement, the following relevant aspects were found (Fig. 31, Fig. 32, Table 12): 1). Thanks to modernization programs over the past years, road pavements with good and very good conditions prevail, followed by pavements in medium, poor and very poor conditions (unusable). 2). The very good condition category predominantly includes national roads (52.51%), followed by county roads (34.78%) and communal roads (24.26%). Figure 31 – Length of roads based on road pavement conditions in Cluj County, July-August 2019 (km) 500,000 Drumuri naționale Drumuri județene Drumuri comunale 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0,000 Drum în lucru Foarte bună Bună Medie Rea Foarte rea Source: authors 45 Figure 32 – Length of roads classified based on road pavement conditions in Cluj County, July-August 2019 Foarte rea Drumuri naționale Drumuri județene Drumuri comunale Rea Medie Bună Foarte bună Drum în lucru (km) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Source: authors 3). The good condition category also predominantly includes national roads (29.99%), followed by communal roads (26.90%) and county roads (24.97%). 4). The medium condition category reveals an opposite situation, dominated by communal roads (21.14%), followed by national roads (16.90%) and county roads (16.58%). 5). The category of road pavements in poor conditions only contains county roads (20.13%) and communal roads (9.53%) in that state. 6). Similarly, with the previous category, the very poor condition of road pavements is predominantly found on communal roads (6.21%) and county roads (5.33%). 7). Poor and very poor road coatings still exist at the level of the county road infrastructure, which is an obstacle to the proper road use and local development. The county roads with such road sections highly restrict or totally block the traffic and the areas served by these roads are turning into genuine peripheral areas. There are 23 county roads with poor pavements, with a section share ranging from 2% (DJ 109A) to 100% (DJ 170B) (Table 13), and 10 county roads with very poor pavements, with percentages ranging from 4.6% (DJ 161D) to 66% (DJ 108K) (Table 108K). 8). The field observations showed there were situations where the quality of the road pavement was compromised from the very beginning, for reasons mainly attributable to the builder, who performed low quality works that caused the road to degrade before it was even delivered to the beneficiary. The most telling example is DJ 107M, which shows such defects on the Săvădisla – Băișoara section. 46 Table 11. Length and percentage of roads classified based on types of road pavements in Cluj County (July-August 2019) Type of road surface Measure Overall Length Road Road with works Final asphalt Light asphalt Concrete Cobblestone No. Gravel Dirt d length length differentia type in progress pavement pavement pavement pavement (km) (km) l (km) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) National 1 3.260 0.60 471.988 86.81 54.296 9.99 12.200 2.24 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 543.704 543.704 0.00 roads County 2 117.670 8.80 670.580 50.17 304.530 22.79 16.750 1.25 0.000 0.000 196.426 14.69 30.570 2.28 1336.526 1324.763 -11.76 roads Commun 3 12.240 1.37 9.660 1.08 440.420 1.0000 3.000 0.34 0.000 0.000 280.200 31.41 146.433 16.42 891.953 899.833 +7.88 al roads Total 4 133.170 4.80 1152.228 41.56 799.246 28.83 31.950 1.15 0.000 0.000 475.026 17.14 178.603 6.44 2772.183 2768.300 -3.88 roads Source: authors 47 Table 12. Length and percentage of roads classified based on condition in Cluj County (July-August 2019) Road pavement condition Measured Overall Length Road with works in No. Road type Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor length length differential progress (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) (km) (%) National 1 3.260 0.60 285.516 52.51 163.037 29.99 91.891 16.90 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 543.704 543.704 0.00 roads County 2 117.670 8.80 464.850 34.78 333.720 24.97 221.660 16.58 127.356 9.53 71.270 5.33 1336.526 1324.763 -11.76 roads Communal 3 12.240 1.37 216.350 24.26 239.900 26.90 188.560 21.14 179.513 20.13 55.390 6.21 891.953 899.833 +7.88 roads 4 Total roads 133.170 4.80 966.716 34.87 736.657 26.57 502.111 18.11 306.869 11.07 126.66 4.57 2772.183 2768.300 -3.88 Source: authors 48 Table 13. Share of roads in poor condition from total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) Share of Total sections Length of length of Total in poor Section in sections Road sections road condition No. Start and end point poor condition in poor name in poor length from (km position) condition condition (km) total (km) (km) roads (%) 7+100 - 9+650 2.550 DN 1R (Sîncraiu) - Vlădeasa 1 DJ 103J 15+050 - 7.700 20.200 38.12 Chalet 5.150 20+200 4+000 - 7+000 3.000 DJ 107P (Someșu Rece) - DJ 2 DJ 103V 18+400 - 5.340 20.740 25.75 107L (Vălișoara) 2.340 20+740 DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) - DN 1F 14+600 - 3 DJ 105T 5.150 5.150 21.750 23.68 (Berindu) 19+750 (Săvădisla) - Finișel - Valea Ierii 4+000 - 4 DJ 107J 7.250 7.250 22.150 32.73 - Caps – Cerc 11+250 DJ DN 1 (Luna de Sus) - (Buru) - 40+100 - 5 3.000 3.000 43.100 6.96 107M Alba County limit 43+100 DN 1 (Gilău) - DN 1R junction 24+600 - 6 DJ 107P 10.400 10.400 44.260 23.50 (Beliș-Fântânele basin) 35+000 29+500 - 1.700 DN1 (Cluj-Napoca) - Băișoara - 31+200 7 DJ 107R 2.400 53.500 4.49 Muntele Băișorii Resort 52+300 - 0.700 53+000 1+100 -7+550 6.450 DJ 107P (Mărișel) - Măguri 8 DJ 107T 13+840 – 13.500 46.000 29.35 Răcătău - Alba County limit 7.050 20+890 Bihor County limit (26+455) - 9 DJ 108K 0+000 - 1+040 1.040 1.040 3.040 34.21 DJ 764 (Drăgan-Floroiu Dam) DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) – 56+200 - 10 DJ 109A 1.100 1.100 57.300 1.92 Panticeu - Sălaj County limit 57+300 DJ 109C (Gherla) - DN 1C (Juc- 26+800 - 11 DJ 109D 1.700 1.700 33.850 5.02 Herghelie) 28+500 DJ 108B (Dej) - Sălaj County 12 DJ 109E 0+000 - 0+450 0.450 0.450 17.000 2.65 limit 11+000 - 3.000 14+000 DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - DJ 33+200 - 13 DJ 150 7.500 13.650 51.250 26.63 161G (Pălatca) 40+700 48+100 - 3.150 51+250 6+000 - 7+600 1.600 DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - Sălaj 14 DJ 161 43+400 - 5.000 51.380 9.73 County limit (Sărata) 3.400 46+800 7+500 - 8+200 0.700 DN 1C (Apahida) - DJ 150 15 DJ 161A 10+600 - 1.100 30.200 3.64 (Ceanu Mare) 0.400 11+000 DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) - DC 5+200 - 16 DJ 161B 5.800 5.800 46.500 12.47 68A (Călărași Gară) 11+000 0+000 - 1+300 1.300 17 DJ 161C DN 1C (Iclod) - DN 1C (Dej) 9.000 32.450 27.73 4+200 - 4+800 0.600 49 Share of Total sections Length of length of Total in poor Section in sections Road sections road condition No. Start and end point poor condition in poor name in poor length from (km position) condition condition (km) total (km) (km) roads (%) 18+050 - 7.100 25+150 14+180 - 1.020 15+200 16+400 - 18 DJ 161G DJ 109C (Sucutard) – Căianu 1.000 3.126 23.106 13.53 17+400 22+000 - 1.106 23+106 DN 16 (Zorenii de Vale) - DJ 19 DJ 161J 0+000 - 0+900 0.900 0.900 7.300 12.33 109C (Geaca) DN 1F (Topa Mică) - DJ 109 20 DJ 170B 0+000 - 8+000 8.000 8.000 8.000 100.00 (Așchileu Mic) Bistrița-Năsăud County limit - 36+300 - 21 DJ 172A 0.800 0.800 6.400 12.50 DJ 109C (Țaga) 37+100 DN 17 (Cuzdrioara) - DN 18B 6+450 - 22 DJ 182F 4.950 4.950 11.400 43.42 (Rugășești) 11+400 DN 1 - Valea Drăganului - 0+000 - 23 DJ 764B 16.000 16.000 22.600 70.80 LuncaVișagului– DJ 108K 16+000 Total 143.566 673.476 21.31 Source: authors 50 Table 14. Share of road sections in very poor condition from total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) Share of Total Length of sections Section in length of Total sections in poor Road poor sections road No. Start and end point in poor condition name condition (km in poor length condition from total position) condition (km) (km) roads (km) (%) 7+550 - 3.640 DJ 107P (Mărișel) - Măguri 11+190 1 DJ 107T 28.750 46.000 62.50 Răcătău - Alba County limit 20+890 - 25.110 46+000 Bihor County limit (26+455) 2 DJ 108K - DJ 764 (Drăgan-Floroiu 1+040 - 3+040 2.000 2.000 3.040 65.79 Dam) DN 1C (Fundătura) - DJ 19+300 - 3 DJ 109B 10.700 10.700 30.000 35.67 108B (Oșorhel) 30+000 0+000 - 6+000 6.000 DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - Sălaj 4 DJ 161 46+800 + 10.580 51.380 20.59 County limit (Sărata) 4.580 51+380 4+800 - 5+960 1.160 13+100 - 0.300 5 DJ 161C DN 1C (Iclod) - DN 1C (Dej) 13+400 4.410 32.450 62.5 15+100 - 2.950 18+050 DC 174 (Jichișu de Sus) - 40+450 - 6 DJ 161D Dej - Valea Ungurașului - 2.600 2.600 56.650 4.59 43+050 Ceaba – DJ 161E (Târgușor) DJ 161D (Târgușor) - DJ 7 DJ 161E 6+100 - 8+230 2.130 2.130 28.740 7.41 109C (Hodaie) Bistrița-Năsăud County 37+100 - 8 DJ 172A 2.300 2.300 6.400 35.94 limit - DJ 109C (Țaga) 39+400 Bihor County limit - DJ 108C 32+760 - 9 DJ 763 6.400 6.400 10.500 60.95 (DodaPilii) 39+160 DN 1 - Valea Drăganului - 16+000 - 10 DJ 764B 1.400 1.400 22.600 6.19 LuncaVișagului – DJ 108K 17+400 Total 71.270 287.760 24.77 Source: authors In spatial terms, roads are distributed based on surface type as follows: 1).Out of the 18 national roads, 13 roads (A3, A10, DN 1, DN 1C, DN 1F, DN 1J, DN 16, DN 17, VTCJ, VOCE, VOCNE, VGH, VAP) have 100% final pavements, 1 road (DN 1G) has light asphalt pavement over 100% of its length, with the remaining roads having mixed pavement types (Table 15, Fig. 33, 34). 2). In case of national roads, it is noted that all I, II, and III class roads have final asphalt pavements, with several exceptions: DN 1R (Huedin – Sălaj County limit), which has light asphalt pavement since it was reclassified as county road and has yet to be included in a modernization program; the same situation is met in case of DN 1G (Huedin – Sălaj County limit); a different case is that of DN 75 (Alba County limit – Turda), which lays in the Arieș Valley and has one section made of a heavy concrete-cement mixture dating back to before 1989, when this road was subject to heavy industrial and mining traffic. 51 3). Out of the 60 county roads, 15 roads (DJ 103K, DJ 103L, DJ 103M, DJ 103N, DJ 103T, DJ 103U, DJ 107S, DJ 108A, DJ 108B, DJ 109C, DJ 109D, DJ 150A, DJ 151C, DJ 161H, DJ 191D) have final asphalt pavements over 100% of their length, 7 roads (DJ 103I, DJ 108I, DJ 108K, DJ 161F, DJ 172A, DJ 182E, DJ 764B) have light asphalt pavements over 100% of their length, 1 road (DJ 161J) is graveled over 100% of its length, 2 roads (DJ 108N, DJ 109) have works in progress over 100% of their length, and the remaining roads have mixed pavements (Table 16, Fig. 35, 36). 4). In case of county roads, one notes a prevalence of final asphalt pavements on the sections which were modernized under the Regio Program or by the Cluj City Council; light asphalt pavements are found in roads which were subject to previous modernization programs; light asphalt pavements is found on most county roads throughout Cluj County, some being modernized, while others in various states of degradation; gravel county roads are mainly found in the hilly areas of the Transylvanian Plain, in the central-eastern part of the county, in the Iara-Hășdate Basin and the Someșan Plateau, at the western boundary of Cluj and Sălaj Counties, and in mountain areas (Northern Apuseni Mountains); county dirt roads are the result of reclassification of certain farming or forestry roads to county roads without prior modernization, which currently is causing obstacles and traffic jams; the most frequent dirt road sections are found in the central-eastern area of the county (the Transylvanian Plain and the Someșan Plateau). 5). Out of the 175 communal roads 39 roads (DC 1, DC 7, DC 10, DC 13, DC 19, DC 24, DC 40, DC 41, DC 51, DC 55, DC 72, DC 73, DC 76, DC 82, DC 94, DC 99, DC 103, DC 110C, DC 116, DC 121, DC 123, DC 124, DC 126, DC 127, DC 131, DC 140A, DC 141, DC 141B, DC 142A, DC 143, DC 147, DC 148A, DC 151, DC 153, DC 155, DC 169, DC 172B, DC 173, DC 175) have light asphalt pavements over 100% of their length, 25 roads (DC 4, DC 8, DC 21, DC 21B, DC 22, DC 33, DC 35, DC 49A, DC 50, DC 52, DC 54, DC 64, DC 65, DC 69, DC 100A, DC 101, DC 106, DC 110, DC 113, DC 128A, DC 128C, DC 157, DC 160, DC 168, DC 170) are graveled over 100% of their length, 1 road (DC 14) is a dirt road on 100% of its length, one road (DC 93A) could not be located, and the remaining roads have mixed pavements (Table 17, Fig. 37, 38). 6). No consistent spatial distribution of pavements of communal roads was found; the pavement types of communal roads is directly dependent on local authorities attracting investment funds, so that communes which benefited from projects to modernize communal roads have light asphalt pavements (in some cases, even final or cobblestone pavements), while the others have gravel and dirt roads; in most cases, communal roads do not feature the same pavement type on their entire length, and instead display contrasting types of pavements that make road usage more difficult. 52 Table 15.Types of road surface and their share into the total length of national roads (July-August, 2019) Percenta Percenta Percenta Percenta Percenta Road Final ge of Light ge of Concrete ge of Cobblest ge of Percenta ge of Gravel Percentag Total road Road in asphalt final asphalt light cement concrete one cobblesto ge of Dirt roads No. road in roads e of dirt length name works pavemen asphalt pavemen asphalt pavemen cement pavemen ne gravel (km) works (km) roads (%) (km) (km) t (km) pavemen t (km) pavemen t (km) pavemen t (km) pavemen roads (%) (%) t (%) t (%) t (km) t (%) 1 A3 0 0.00 61.2 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 61.200 2 A10 0 0.00 7.59 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 7.590 3 DN 1 0 0.00 131 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 131.000 4 DN 1C 0 0.00 76.86 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 76.860 5 DN 1F 0 0.00 36.14 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 36.140 6 DN 1G 0 0.00 0 0.00 3.85 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3.850 7 DN 1J 0 0.00 15.035 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 15.035 8 DN 1R 2.96 5.06 11.45 19.56 44.14 75.39 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 58.550 9 DN 15 0.3 1.43 20.7 98.57 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 21.000 10 DN 16 0 0.00 40.6 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 40.600 11 DN 17 0 0.00 6.65 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6.650 12 DN 18B 0 0.00 15.414 70.97 6.306 29.03 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 21.720 13 DN 75 0 0.00 14.4 54.14 0 0.00 12.2 45.86 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 26.600 14 VTCJ 0 0.00 2.453 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2.453 53 Percenta Percenta Percenta Percenta Percenta Road Final ge of Light ge of Concrete ge of Cobblest ge of Percenta ge of Gravel Percentag Total road Road in asphalt final asphalt light cement concrete one cobblesto ge of Dirt roads No. road in roads e of dirt length name works pavemen asphalt pavemen asphalt pavemen cement pavemen ne gravel (km) works (km) roads (%) (km) (km) t (km) pavemen t (km) pavemen t (km) pavemen t (km) pavemen roads (%) (%) t (%) t (%) t (km) t (%) 15 VOCE 0 0.00 23.664 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 23.664 16 VOCNE 0 0.00 4.52 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4.520 17 VGH 0 0.00 5.047 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 5.047 18 VAP 0 0.00 1.225 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1.225 Cluj County Total 3.26 0.60 471.988 86.81 54.296 9.99 12.2 2.24 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 543.704 Source: authors 54 Figure 33 – Types of road surface on national roads in Cluj County VAP Drum în lucru (km) VGH Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică definitivă (km) VOCNE Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică uşoară (km) VOCE Îmbrăcăminte beton de ciment (km) Pavaj piatră cioplită (km) VTCJ Pietruit (km) DN 75 Pământ (km) DN 18B DN 17 DN 16 DN 15 DN 1R DN 1J DN 1G DN 1F DN 1C DN 1 A10 A3 (km) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Source: authors 55 Figure 34 – Spatial distribution of road surface types per motorways, European roads and national roads (July-August 2019) Source: authors 56 Table 16. Types of road surface and their share into the total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Total Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete road No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt name pavement pavement pavement cement length (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) pavement (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) 1 DJ 103G 0.000 0.00 38.470 63.85 4.750 7.88 0.530 0.88 0.000 0.00 16.500 27.39 0.000 0.00 60.250 2 DJ 103H 0.000 0.00 7.400 38.44 11.850 61.56 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 19.250 3 DJ 103I 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 4 DJ 103J 0.000 0.00 6.500 32.18 1.300 6.44 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 12.400 61.39 0.000 0.00 20.200 5 DJ 103K 0.000 0.00 28.950 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 28.950 6 DJ 103L 0.000 0.00 4.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.900 7 DJ 103M 0.000 0.00 8.180 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.180 8 DJ 103N 0.000 0.00 2.800 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.800 9 DJ 103T 0.000 0.00 2.450 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.450 10 DJ 103U 0.000 0.00 2.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.200 11 DJ 103V 0.000 0.00 6.700 32.30 3.100 14.95 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.200 44.36 1.740 8.39 20.740 12 DJ 105L 0.000 0.00 1.400 40.00 2.100 60.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 13 DJ 105S 0.000 0.00 7.980 51.82 3.100 20.13 3.970 25.78 0.000 0.00 0.350 2.27 0.000 0.00 15.400 14 DJ 105T 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 12.900 59.31 3.700 17.01 0.000 0.00 0.200 0.92 4.950 22.76 21.750 57 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Total Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete road No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt name pavement pavement pavement cement length (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) pavement (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) 15 DJ 107F 0.700 15.52 3.810 84.48 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.510 16 DJ 107J 0.000 0.00 4.200 18.96 3.740 16.88 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 12.060 54.45 2.150 9.71 22.150 17 DJ 107L 3.000 9.84 21.900 71.80 5.600 18.36 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 30.500 18 DJ 107M 24.400 56.61 0.000 0.00 17.300 40.14 1.400 3.25 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 43.100 19 DJ 107N 0.000 0.00 21.700 59.94 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 14.500 40.06 0.000 0.00 36.200 20 DJ 107P 23.600 53.32 6.560 14.82 12.200 27.56 1.000 2.26 0.000 0.00 0.900 2.03 0.000 0.00 44.260 21 DJ 107R 4.900 9.16 38.400 71.78 8.500 15.89 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 3.18 0.000 0.00 53.500 22 DJ 107S 0.000 0.00 11.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.000 23 DJ 107T 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.750 8.15 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 42.250 91.85 0.000 0.00 46.000 24 DJ 108A 0.000 0.00 7.400 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.400 25 DJ 108B 0.000 0.00 33.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 33.900 26 DJ 108I 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 27 DJ 108C 0.000 0.00 63.200 84.72 11.400 15.28 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 74.600 28 DJ 108K 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.040 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.040 29 DJ 108N 2.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 58 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Total Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete road No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt name pavement pavement pavement cement length (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) pavement (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) 30 DJ 109 32.670 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 32.670 31 DJ 109A 21.200 37.00 24.900 43.46 7.600 13.26 2.500 4.36 0.000 0.00 1.100 1.92 0.000 0.00 57.300 32 DJ 109B 0.000 0.00 19.300 64.33 10.700 35.67 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 30.000 33 DJ 109C 0.000 0.00 43.890 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 43.890 34 DJ 109D 0.000 0.00 33.850 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 33.850 35 DJ 109E 0.000 0.00 15.250 89.71 0.450 2.65 1.300 7.65 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 17.000 36 DJ 109S 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.420 23.88 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 10.900 76.12 0.000 0.00 14.320 37 DJ 109T 0.000 0.00 1.850 64.69 1.010 35.31 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.860 38 DJ 109V 0.000 0.00 4.850 31.51 6.600 42.88 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.940 25.60 0.000 0.00 15.390 39 DJ 150 0.000 0.00 48.000 93.66 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 0.78 2.850 5.56 51.250 40 DJ 150A 0.000 0.00 3.160 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.160 41 DJ 151C 0.000 0.00 10.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 10.200 42 DJ 161 4.500 8.76 14.150 27.54 24.750 48.17 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.980 15.53 0.000 0.00 51.380 43 DJ 161A 0.000 0.00 7.200 23.84 23.000 76.16 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 30.200 44 DJ 161B 0.000 0.00 30.150 64.84 4.150 8.92 1.550 3.33 0.000 0.00 5.850 12.58 4.800 10.32 46.500 59 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Total Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete road No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt name pavement pavement pavement cement length (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) pavement (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) 45 DJ 161C 0.000 0.00 7.300 22.50 12.260 37.78 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.940 30.63 2.950 9.09 32.450 46 DJ 161D 0.000 0.00 42.050 74.23 11.600 20.48 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 0.71 2.600 4.59 56.650 47 DJ 161E 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 15.900 55.32 0.800 2.78 0.000 0.00 9.910 34.48 2.130 7.41 28.740 48 DJ 161F 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 49 DJ 161G 0.000 0.00 1.200 5.19 16.020 69.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.886 25.47 0.000 0.00 23.106 50 DJ 161H 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 51 DJ 161J 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.300 100.00 0.000 0.00 7.300 52 DJ 161K 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.790 56.41 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.110 43.59 0.000 0.00 20.900 53 DJ 170B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.600 20.00 6.400 80.00 8.000 54 DJ 172A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.400 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.400 55 DJ 172F 0.000 0.00 24.810 94.66 1.400 5.34 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 26.210 56 DJ 182E 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.000 57 DJ 182F 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.750 50.44 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.650 49.56 0.000 0.00 11.400 58 DJ 191D 0.000 0.00 4.470 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.470 59 DJ 763 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.100 39.05 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.400 60.95 0.000 0.00 10.500 60 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Total Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete road No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt name pavement pavement pavement cement length (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) pavement (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) 60 DJ 764B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 22.600 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 22.600 Cluj County 117.670 8.80 670.580 50.17 304.530 22.79 16.750 1.25 0.000 0.00 196.426 14.70 30.570 2.29 1336.526 Total 61 Figure 35 – Types of road surface on county roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) DJ 764B Drum în lucru (km) DJ 763 Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică definitivă (km) Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică uşoară (km) DJ 191D Îmbrăcăminte beton de ciment (km) DJ 182F Pavaj piatră cioplită (km) DJ 182E Pietruit (km) DJ 172F Pământ (km) DJ 172A DJ 170B DJ 161K DJ 161J DJ 161H DJ 161G DJ 161F DJ 161E DJ 161D DJ 161C DJ 161B DJ 161A DJ 161 DJ 151C DJ 150A DJ 150 DJ 109V DJ 109T DJ 109S DJ 109E DJ 109D DJ 109C DJ 109B DJ 109A DJ 109 DJ 108N DJ 108K DJ 108C DJ 108I DJ 108B DJ 108A DJ 107T DJ 107S DJ107R DJ 107P DJ 107N DJ 107M DJ 107L DJ 107J DJ 107F DJ 105T DJ 105S DJ 105L DJ 103V DJ 103U DJ 103T DJ 103N DJ 103M DJ 103L DJ 103K DJ 103J DJ 103I DJ 103H DJ 103G (km) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Source: authors 62 Figure 36 – Spatial distribution of road surface types per county roads (July-August 2019) Source: authors 63 Table 17. Types of road surface and their share into the total length of communal roads (July-August, 2019) Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 1 DC 1 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.400 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.400 2 DC 2 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.650 14.13 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.950 85.87 0.000 0.00 4.600 3 DC 3 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.800 64.69 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 26.95 0.620 8.36 7.420 4 DC 4 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 5 DC 5 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.300 62.16 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 37.84 0.000 0.00 3.700 6 DC 6 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.100 2.56 3.800 97.44 3.900 7 DC 7 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.600 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.600 8 DC 8 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 9 DC 9A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.100 53.85 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 46.15 0.000 0.00 3.900 10 DC 10 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.900 11 DC 12 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.950 19.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 16.00 3.250 65.00 5.000 12 DC 13 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 13 DC 14 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 2.000 14 DC 14A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.150 6.82 2.050 93.18 2.200 15 DC 16 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.480 92.57 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.520 7.43 0.000 0.00 7.000 16 DC 17 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 31.25 1.100 68.75 1.600 64 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 17 DC 18 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.900 54.72 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 45.28 0.000 0.00 5.300 18 DC 19 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 19 DC 20 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.300 53.23 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.900 46.77 0.000 0.00 6.200 20 DC 21 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 7.200 21 DC 21B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 4.500 22 DC 22 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 23 DC 23 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.200 97.64 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.150 2.36 0.000 0.00 6.350 24 DC 24 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.600 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.600 25 DC 25 0.000 0.00 1.950 15.48 10.650 84.52 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 12.600 26 DC 30 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.400 50.75 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.300 49.25 0.000 0.00 6.700 27 DC 32 0.000 0.00 1.000 10.12 0.300 3.04 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.150 42.00 4.430 44.84 9.880 28 DC 33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 29 DC 34 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.800 85.71 0.800 14.29 5.600 30 DC 35 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.800 100.00 0.000 0.00 7.800 31 DC 36 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 10.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.200 1.67 10.600 88.33 12.000 32 DC 37 0.000 0.00 1.400 21.88 5.000 78.13 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.400 33 DC 38 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 60.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 40.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 65 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 34 DC 39 0.000 0.00 1.100 15.07 2.200 30.14 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 5.48 3.600 49.32 7.300 35 DC 40 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.870 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.870 36 DC 41 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.200 37 DC 42 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.300 97.06 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.100 2.94 3.400 38 DC 43 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.500 68.18 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 4.55 1.800 27.27 6.600 39 DC 45 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.010 0.50 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.990 99.50 0.000 0.00 2.000 40 DC 46 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.150 3.66 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.950 96.34 0.000 0.00 4.100 41 DC 47 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.700 95.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 5.00 0.000 0.00 6.000 42 DC 47A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.000 77.92 1.700 22.08 7.700 43 DC 48 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 59.70 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 40.30 6.700 44 DC 49 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 70.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 30.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 45 DC 49A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 46 DC 50 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.200 47 DC 51 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.900 48 DC 52 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 49 DC 53 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.100 5.56 1.700 94.44 1.800 50 DC 54 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 66 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 51 DC 55 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 52 DC 56 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.230 28.74 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.050 71.26 0.000 0.00 4.280 53 DC 57 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 27.27 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.200 72.73 0.000 0.00 4.400 54 DC 58 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.670 55.63 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.130 44.38 0.000 0.00 4.800 55 DC 59 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.400 58.62 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 41.38 0.000 0.00 5.800 56 DC 60 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.290 73.11 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.210 26.89 0.000 0.00 4.500 57 DC 61 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.800 63.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 20.00 1.000 16.67 6.000 58 DC 62 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 25.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 75.00 0.000 0.00 6.800 59 DC 63 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 50.00 0.500 50.00 1.000 60 DC 64 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 9.200 61 DC 65 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 62 DC 66 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.600 90.32 0.600 9.68 6.200 63 DC 67 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 76.92 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 23.08 0.000 0.00 2.600 64 DC 68 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.600 53.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 46.67 0.000 0.00 3.000 65 DC 68A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 30.84 1.570 69.16 2.270 66 DC 69 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 5.900 67 DC 69A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.460 15.21 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.340 55.63 2.800 29.17 9.600 67 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 68 DC 70 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 52.91 1.780 47.09 3.780 69 DC 71 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 17.86 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.900 69.64 0.700 12.50 5.600 70 DC 72 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 71 DC 73 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 72 DC 74 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 94.74 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.100 5.26 0.000 0.00 1.900 73 DC 75 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 43.64 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.100 56.36 0.000 0.00 5.500 74 DC 76 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 75 DC 77 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.950 36.45 3.400 63.55 5.350 76 DC 78 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 10.71 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.800 27.14 8.700 62.14 14.000 77 DC 79 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 90.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.200 10.00 2.000 78 DC 80 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.810 29.31 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.690 13.00 7.500 57.69 13.000 79 DC 81 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 23.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.300 76.67 0.000 0.00 3.000 80 DC 82 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.400 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.400 81 DC 85 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 10.000 84.08 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 4.20 1.393 11.71 11.893 82 DC 86 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.080 81.05 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.720 18.95 0.000 0.00 3.800 83 DC 87 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 57.97 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.900 42.03 0.000 0.00 6.900 84 DC 88 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.400 70.83 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 8.33 1.000 20.83 4.800 68 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 85 DC 89 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.950 95.16 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.150 4.84 0.000 0.00 3.100 86 DC 90 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 80.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 20.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 87 DC 91 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.130 10.76 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.370 89.24 0.000 0.00 10.500 88 DC 92 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.310 92.40 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.190 7.60 0.000 0.00 2.500 89 DC 93A 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 90 DC 94 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 91 DC 96 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 80.65 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 19.35 0.000 0.00 3.100 92 DC 98 0.000 0.00 1.100 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.100 93 DC 99 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 94 DC 100A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 6.000 95 DC 101 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 96 DC 101A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.950 32.50 4.050 67.50 6.000 97 DC 102 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.000 66.67 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 33.33 0.000 0.00 9.000 98 DC 102A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.600 75.68 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 24.32 0.000 0.00 7.400 99 DC 103 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 100 DC 104 0.000 0.00 0.060 0.61 1.360 13.72 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.440 44.80 4.050 40.87 9.910 101 DC 105 3.600 30.93 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.650 5.58 7.390 63.49 11.640 69 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 102 DC 106 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 103 DC 107 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.390 27.80 3.610 72.20 5.000 104 DC 110 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 105 DC 110C 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 106 DC 111 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 18.95 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.700 81.05 0.000 0.00 9.500 107 DC 113 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 108 DC 114 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 85.71 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 14.29 0.000 0.00 3.500 109 DC 115 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 80.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 20.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 110 DC 116 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 111 DC 117 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.010 31.99 0.200 2.13 0.000 0.00 0.100 1.06 6.100 64.82 9.410 112 DC 118 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.600 59.19 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 3.12 4.840 37.69 12.840 113 DC 119 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.650 66.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.150 6.00 0.700 28.00 2.500 114 DC 121 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 17.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 17.900 115 DC 122 3.340 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.340 116 DC 123 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 117 DC 124 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.250 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.250 118 DC 126 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.900 70 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 119 DC 127 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 120 DC 128A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 8.700 121 DC 128C 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 122 DC 129 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.100 67.78 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.900 32.22 0.000 0.00 9.000 123 DC 130 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.450 63.12 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 21.28 1.100 15.60 7.050 124 DC 131 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 125 DC 132 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.750 39.29 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 7.14 3.750 53.57 7.000 126 DC 133 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 50.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 50.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 127 DC 135 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.300 78.75 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.160 21.25 5.460 128 DC 137 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.400 80.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.100 20.00 10.500 129 DC 138 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.200 62.82 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 3.04 3.370 34.14 9.870 130 DC 139 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 13.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.600 86.67 0.000 0.00 3.000 131 DC 140 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.500 85.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 15.00 10.000 132 DC 140A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 133 DC 141 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.700 134 DC 141A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.550 34.46 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.200 2.70 4.650 62.84 7.400 135 DC 141B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 71 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 136 DC 142A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 137 DC 142B 0.000 0.00 1.500 18.87 3.650 45.91 2.800 35.22 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.950 138 DC 142C 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 66.67 0.700 33.33 2.100 139 DC 142D 0.000 0.00 1.550 31.00 0.750 15.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 54.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 140 DC 143 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 141 DC 144 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 7.14 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.900 41.43 3.600 51.43 7.000 142 DC 145 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.400 48.78 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 11.09 3.620 40.13 9.020 143 DC 146 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.450 47.26 3.850 52.74 7.300 144 DC 146A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 25.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 75.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 145 DC 147 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.310 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.310 146 DC 148A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 147 DC 150 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.200 56.14 2.500 43.86 5.700 148 DC 151 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 149 DC 151A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.900 24.32 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 13.51 2.300 62.16 3.700 150 DC 152 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 34.48 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 60.34 0.300 5.17 5.800 151 DC 153 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 152 DC 154 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.750 15.96 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.950 84.04 0.000 0.00 4.700 72 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 153 DC 155 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.780 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.780 154 DC 156 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 27.69 4.700 72.31 6.500 155 DC 157 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 3.200 156 DC 158 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.750 38.04 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.850 61.96 0.000 0.00 4.600 157 DC 159 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.670 94.50 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.330 5.50 0.000 0.00 6.000 158 DC 160 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 159 DC 162 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.700 96.10 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.150 3.90 3.850 160 DC 163 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 47.06 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.900 52.94 0.000 0.00 1.700 161 DC 164 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 27.91 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.100 72.09 0.000 0.00 4.300 162 DC 165 5.300 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.300 163 DC 166 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 6.00 4.700 94.00 5.000 164 DC 168 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 165 DC 169 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 166 DC 170 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 167 DC 171 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.750 96.43 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.250 3.57 7.000 168 DC 172A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 72.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 28.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 169 DC 172B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 73 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Final Light Concrete of Road in Percentage of final of light Cobblestone of Gravel Percentage Dirt Percentage Total road Road asphalt asphalt cement concrete No. works of road in asphalt asphalt pavement cobblestone roads of gravel roads of dirt length name pavement pavement pavement cement (km) works (%) pavement pavement (km) pavement (km) roads (%) (km) roads (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) pavement (%) (%) (%) (km) 170 DC 173 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 171 DC 174 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 89.93 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.280 10.07 0.000 0.00 2.780 172 DC 175 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 173 DC 176 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 46.67 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.600 53.33 0.000 0.00 3.000 174 DC 177 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.100 85.38 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.900 14.62 0.000 0.00 13.000 175 DC 178 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 85.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 15.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 Cluj County Total 12.240 1.37 9.660 1.08 440.420 1.0000 3.000 0.34 0.000 0.00 280.200 31.41 146.433 16.42 891.953 Source: authors 74 Figure 37 – Types of road surface on communal roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) DC 178 DC 177 Drum în lucru (km) DC 176 Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică definitivă (km) DC 175 Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică uşoară (km) DC 174 Îmbrăcăminte beton de ciment (km) Pavaj piatră cioplită (km) DC 173 Pietruit (km) DC 172B Pământ (km) DC 172A DC 171 DC 170 DC 169 DC 168 DC 166 DC 165 DC 164 DC 163 DC 162 DC 160 DC 159 DC 158 DC 157 DC 156 DC 155 DC 154 DC 153 DC 152 DC 151A DC 151 DC 150 DC 148A DC 147 DC 146A DC 146 DC 145 DC 144 DC 143 DC 142D DC 142C DC 142B DC 142A DC 141B DC 141A DC 141 DC 140A DC 140 DC 139 DC 138 DC 137 DC 135 DC 133 DC 132 DC 131 DC 130 DC 129 DC 128C (km) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 75 DC 128A Drum în lucru (km) DC 127 Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică definitivă (km) Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică uşoară (km) DC 126 Îmbrăcăminte beton de ciment (km) DC 124 Pavaj piatră cioplită (km) DC 123 Pietruit (km) Pământ (km) DC 122 DC 121 DC 119 DC 118 DC 117 DC 116 DC 115 DC 114 DC 113 DC 111 DC 110C DC 110 DC 107 DC 106 DC 105 DC 104 DC 103 DC 102A DC 102 DC 101A DC 101 DC 100A DC 99 DC 98 DC 96 DC 94 DC 93A DC 92 DC 91 DC 90 DC 89 DC 88 DC 87 DC 86 DC 85 DC 82 DC 81 DC 80 DC 79 DC 78 DC 77 DC 76 DC 75 DC 74 DC 73 DC 72 DC 71 DC 70 DC 69A DC 69 DC 68A DC 68 DC 67 DC 66 DC 65 (km) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 76 DC 64 Drum în lucru (km) DC 63 Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică definitivă (km) DC 62 Îmbrăcăminte asfaltică uşoară (km) Îmbrăcăminte beton de ciment (km) DC 61 Pavaj piatră cioplită (km) DC 60 Pietruit (km) DC 59 Pământ (km) DC 58 DC 57 DC 56 DC 55 DC 54 DC 53 DC 52 DC 51 DC 50 DC 49A DC 49 DC 48 DC 47A DC 47 DC 46 DC 45 DC 43 DC 42 DC 41 DC 40 DC 39 DC 38 DC 37 DC 36 DC 35 DC 34 DC 33 DC 32 DC 30 DC 25 DC 24 DC 23 DC 22 DC 21B DC 21 DC 20 DC 19 DC 18 DC 17 DC 16 DC 14A DC 14 DC 13 DC 12 DC 10 DC 9A DC 8 DC 7 DC 6 DC 5 DC 4 DC 3 DC 2 DC 1 (km) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Source: authors 77 Figure 38– Spatial distribution of road surface types per communal roads (July-August 2019) Source: authors 78 In spatial terms, roads are distributed based on pavement condition as follows: 1) Out of the 18 national roads, 6 roads (A3, A10, VOCE, VOCNE, VGH, VAP) have pavements in very good condition over 100% of their length, 1 road (VTCJ) is in good condition on 100% of its length, 2 roads (DN 1G, DN 1J) are in medium condition on 100% of their length, while the remaining national roads have pavements in various conditions (Table 18, Fig. 39, 40). 2). In case of upper category roads, I, II and III, one notes a prevalence of road pavements in good and very good condition on the main thoroughfares; medium condition is found on secondary national roads (DN 1R, DN 1H, DN 1J, DN 75), which are yet to benefit from modernization programs or are subject to heavy traffic; it is conceivable that roads with good and very good condition pavements may also be fit for use in the next 1-3 years, but medium condition roads require modernization works to prevent an advanced degradation and disruption of road traffic. 3). Out of the 60 county roads, 8 roads (DJ 103I, DJ 103L, DJ 103T, DJ 103U, DJ 150A, DJ 151C, DJ 161H, DJ 191D) are in very good condition on 100% of their length, 4 roads (DJ 103N, DJ 107S, DJ 161F, DJ 182E) are in good condition on 100% of their length, 1 road (DJ 108I) is in medium condition on 100% of its length, 1 road (DJ 170B) is 100% in poor condition, and the remaining county roads have pavements in various conditions (Table 19, Fig. 41, 42). 4). In case of county roads, the quality of road pavements varies significantly at spatial level; therefore, if roads subject to modernization works over the past 1-3 years were upgraded to good and very good quality, those that were modernized in past periods are already in medium condition, and the remaining non-modernized county roads are in poor and very poor condition and usually consist in gravel and dirt roads.Thus, if most roads in poor and very poor condition are found in the central-eastern (Transylvanian Plain) and central-western (Someșan Plateau) parts of the county, and in the Iara-Hășdate Basin and the mountain part of the county (the Northern Apuseni); 5). Out of the 175 communal roads, 16 roads (DC 1, DC 7, DC 10, DC 13, DC 24, DC 72, DC 73, DC 76, DC 99, DC 121, DC 127, DC 131, DC 148, DC 151, DC 169, DC 175) have pavements in very good on 100% of their length, 14 roads (DC 33, DC 51, DC 65, DC 86, DC 94, DC 101, DC 116, DC 123, DC 142, DC 143, DC 155, DC 160, DC 168, DC 172B) are in good condition on 100% of their length, 8 roads (DC 106, DC 110, DC 113, DC 128C, DC 146, DC 156, DC 157, DC 170) are 100% in poor condition, 1 road (DC 100A) is 100% in very poor condition, 1 drum (DC 93A) could not be located, and the remaining communal roads have pavements in various conditions (Table 20, Fig. 43, 44). 6). In case of communal roads, pavement condition differs greatly from one territory to another, and directly depends on the existing pavement type; therefore, if the condition of light asphalt pavements is mainly good and very good (most of these being recently modernized), the condition of gravel roads ranks from medium to poor, while dirt roads are in poor and very poor condition. 7). With regard to the reliability of road traffic on classified roads, note was taken of combinations between pavements in good and very good conditions that offer optimum traffic conditions, and combinations between pavements in poor and very poor condition that offer less adequate traffic conditions. Thus, the following were found on the territory of Cluj County: 3 national roads (DN 1F, DN 15, DN 17), 7 county roads (DJ 103K, DJ 103M, DJ 108A, DJ 108B, DJ 108C, DJ 109C, DJ 172F) and 9 communal roads (DC 19, DC 37, DC 40, DC 41, DC 55, DC 82, DC 98, DC 103, DC 126) with good and very good road pavements. These are complemented by one county road (DJ 108K) and 5 communal roads (DC 14, DC 17, DC 63, DC 77, DC 101A) with road pavements in poor and very poor condition. 79 Table 18. Road pavement conditions and their share into the total length of national roads (July-August, 2019) Percentage Percentage Very Percentage Percentage Percentage Very Total Road in Percentage of very Good Medium Poor of very Road good of good of medium of poor poor road No. works of road in good condition condition condition poor name condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) condition (km) (km) (km) condition (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) (km) (%) (%) 1 A3 0.000 0.00 61.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 61.200 2 A10 0.000 0.00 7.590 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.590 3 DN 1 0.000 0.00 69.800 53.28 56.300 42.98 4.900 3.74 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 131.000 4 DN 1C 0.000 0.00 60.870 79.20 13.680 17.80 2.310 3.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 76.860 5 DN 1F 0.000 0.00 11.700 32.37 24.440 67.63 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 36.140 6 DN 1G 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.850 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.850 7 DN 1J 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 15.035 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 15.035 8 DN 1R 2.960 5.06 9.850 16.82 1.600 2.73 44.140 75.39 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 58.550 9 DN 15 0.300 1.43 11.600 55.24 9.100 43.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 21.000 10 DN 16 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 37.450 92.24 3.150 7.76 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 40.600 11 DN 17 0.000 0.00 4.050 60.90 2.600 39.10 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.650 12 DN 18B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 15.414 70.97 6.306 29.03 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 21.720 13 DN 75 0.000 0.00 14.400 54.14 0.000 0.00 12.200 45.86 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 26.600 14 VTCJ 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.453 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.453 15 VOCE 0.000 0.00 23.664 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 23.664 16 VOCNE 0.000 0.00 4.520 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.520 80 Percentage Percentage Very Percentage Percentage Percentage Very Total Road in Percentage of very Good Medium Poor of very Road good of good of medium of poor poor road No. works of road in good condition condition condition poor name condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) condition (km) (km) (km) condition (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) (km) (%) (%) 17 VGH 0.000 0.00 5.047 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.047 18 VAP 0.000 0.00 1.225 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.225 Cluj County Total 3.260 0.60 285.146 52.45 159.857 29.40 93.481 1.0000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 543.704 Source: authors 81 Figure 39 – Condition of road pavements on motorways, European roads and national roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) Drum în lucru (km) VAP Stare foarte bună (km) Stare bună (km) VGH Stare medie (km) VOCNE Stare rea (km) Stare foarte rea (km) VOCE VTCJ DN 75 DN 18B DN 17 DN 16 DN 15 DN 1R DN 1J DN 1G DN 1F DN 1C DN 1 A10 A3 (km) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Source: authors 82 Figure 40– Spatial distribution of road pavement conditions per motorways, European roads and national roads (July-August 2019) Source: authors 83 Table 19.Road pavement conditions and their share into the total length of county roads (July-August, 2019) Percentage Percentage Very Percentage Percentage Percentage Very Total Road in Percentage of very Good Medium Poor of very Road good of good of medium of poor poor road No. works of road in good condition condition condition poor name condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) condition (km) (km) (km) condition (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) (km) (%) (%) 1 DJ 103G 0.000 0.00 32.800 54.44 10.950 18.17 16.500 27.39 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 60.250 2 DJ 103H 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 10.750 55.84 8.500 44.16 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 19.250 3 DJ 103I 0.000 0.00 1.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 4 DJ 103J 0.000 0.00 5.000 24.75 1.500 7.43 6.000 29.70 7.700 38.12 0.000 0.00 20.200 5 DJ 103K 0.000 0.00 14.800 51.12 13.450 46.46 0.700 2.42 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 28.950 6 DJ 103L 0.000 0.00 4.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.900 7 DJ 103M 0.000 0.00 5.680 69.44 2.500 30.56 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.180 8 DJ 103N 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.800 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.800 9 DJ 103T 0.000 0.00 2.450 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.450 10 DJ 103U 0.000 0.00 2.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.200 11 DJ 103V 0.000 0.00 2.800 13.50 7.000 33.75 5.600 27.00 5.340 25.75 0.000 0.00 20.740 12 DJ 105L 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 40.00 2.100 60.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 13 DJ 105S 0.000 0.00 0.480 3.12 13.800 89.61 1.120 7.27 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 15.400 14 DJ 105T 0.000 0.00 12.900 59.31 0.000 0.00 3.700 17.01 5.150 23.68 0.000 0.00 21.750 15 DJ 107F 0.700 15.52 3.810 84.48 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.510 16 DJ 107J 0.000 0.00 4.200 18.96 7.040 31.78 3.660 16.52 7.250 32.73 0.000 0.00 22.150 84 Percentage Percentage Very Percentage Percentage Percentage Very Total Road in Percentage of very Good Medium Poor of very Road good of good of medium of poor poor road No. works of road in good condition condition condition poor name condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) condition (km) (km) (km) condition (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) (km) (%) (%) 17 DJ 107L 3.000 9.84 20.550 67.38 0.000 0.00 6.950 22.79 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 30.500 18 DJ 107M 24.400 56.61 0.000 0.00 5.900 13.69 9.800 22.74 3.000 6.96 0.000 0.00 43.100 19 DJ 107T 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.750 8.15 0.000 0.00 13.500 29.35 28.750 62.50 46.000 20 DJ 107P 23.600 53.32 6.560 14.82 0.000 0.00 3.700 8.36 10.400 23.50 0.000 0.00 44.260 21 DJ 107R 4.900 9.16 37.900 70.84 8.300 15.51 0.000 0.00 2.400 4.49 0.000 0.00 53.500 22 DJ 107S 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.000 23 DJ 107T 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.750 8.15 0.000 0.00 13.500 29.35 28.750 62.50 46.000 24 DJ 108A 0.000 0.00 6.400 86.49 1.000 13.51 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.400 25 DJ 108B 0.000 0.00 32.800 96.76 1.100 3.24 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 33.900 26 DJ 108I 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 27 DJ 108C 0.000 0.00 34.700 46.51 39.000 52.28 0.900 1.21 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 74.600 28 DJ 108K 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.040 34.21 2.000 65.79 3.040 29 DJ 108N 2.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 30 DJ 109 32.670 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 32.670 31 DJ 109A 21.200 37.00 17.900 31.24 13.300 23.21 3.800 6.63 1.100 1.92 0.000 0.00 57.300 32 DJ 109B 0.000 0.00 19.300 64.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 10.700 35.67 30.000 33 DJ 109C 0.000 0.00 42.400 96.61 1.490 3.39 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 43.890 85 Percentage Percentage Very Percentage Percentage Percentage Very Total Road in Percentage of very Good Medium Poor of very Road good of good of medium of poor poor road No. works of road in good condition condition condition poor name condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) condition (km) (km) (km) condition (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) (km) (%) (%) 34 DJ 109D 0.000 0.00 20.150 59.53 7.080 20.92 4.920 14.53 1.700 5.02 0.000 0.00 33.850 35 DJ 109E 0.000 0.00 2.500 14.71 12.750 75.00 1.300 7.65 0.450 2.65 0.000 0.00 17.000 36 DJ 109S 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.100 7.68 13.220 92.32 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 14.320 37 DJ 109T 0.000 0.00 1.850 64.69 1.010 35.31 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.860 38 DJ 109V 0.000 0.00 4.850 31.51 8.790 57.12 1.750 11.37 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 15.390 39 DJ 150 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 19.100 37.27 18.500 36.10 13.650 26.63 0.000 0.00 51.250 40 DJ 150A 0.000 0.00 3.160 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.160 41 DJ 151C 0.000 0.00 10.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 10.200 42 DJ 161 4.500 8.76 14.150 27.54 4.550 8.86 12.600 24.52 5.000 9.73 10.580 20.59 51.380 43 DJ 161A 0.000 0.00 7.200 23.84 15.650 51.82 6.250 20.70 1.100 3.64 0.000 0.00 30.200 44 DJ 161B 0.000 0.00 12.800 27.53 5.700 12.26 22.200 47.74 5.800 12.47 0.000 0.00 46.500 45 DJ 161C 0.000 0.00 8.200 25.27 1.100 3.39 9.740 30.02 9.000 27.73 4.410 13.59 32.450 46 DJ 161D 0.000 0.00 36.200 63.90 14.350 25.33 3.500 6.18 0.000 0.00 2.600 4.59 56.650 47 DJ 161E 0.000 0.00 2.010 6.99 16.000 55.67 8.600 29.92 0.000 0.00 2.130 7.41 28.740 48 DJ 161F 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 49 DJ 161G 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.380 49.25 8.600 37.22 3.126 13.53 0.000 0.00 23.106 50 DJ 161H 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 86 Percentage Percentage Very Percentage Percentage Percentage Very Total Road in Percentage of very Good Medium Poor of very Road good of good of medium of poor poor road No. works of road in good condition condition condition poor name condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) condition (km) (km) (km) condition (km) (%) (%) (%) (km) (km) (%) (%) 51 DJ 161J 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.400 87.67 0.900 12.33 0.000 0.00 7.300 52 DJ 161K 0.000 0.00 7.260 34.74 11.540 55.22 2.100 10.05 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 20.900 53 DJ 170B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 8.000 54 DJ 172A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.300 51.56 0.800 12.50 2.300 35.94 6.400 55 DJ 172F 0.000 0.00 14.120 53.87 12.090 46.13 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 26.210 56 DJ 182E 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.000 57 DJ 182F 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 7.02 5.650 49.56 4.950 43.42 0.000 0.00 11.400 58 DJ 191D 0.000 0.00 4.470 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.470 59 DJ 763 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.100 39.05 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.400 60.95 10.500 60 DJ 764B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 1.77 4.800 21.24 16.000 70.80 1.400 6.19 22.600 Cluj County Total 117.670 8.80 464.850 34.78 333.720 24.97 221.660 16.58 127.356 9.53 71.270 5.33 1336.526 Source: authors 87 Figure 41 – Road pavement conditions on county roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) DJ 764B Drum în lucru (km) DJ 763 Stare foarte bună (km) DJ 191D Stare bună (km) Stare medie (km) DJ 182F Stare rea (km) DJ 182E Stare foarte rea (km) DJ 172F DJ 172A DJ 170B DJ 161K DJ 161J DJ 161H DJ 161G DJ 161F DJ 161E DJ 161D DJ 161C DJ 161B DJ 161A DJ 161 DJ 151C DJ 150A DJ 150 DJ 109V DJ 109T DJ 109S DJ 109E DJ 109D DJ 109C DJ 109B DJ 109A DJ 109 DJ 108N DJ 108K DJ 108C DJ 108I DJ 108B DJ 108A DJ 107T DJ 107S DJ107R DJ 107P DJ 107T DJ 107M DJ 107L DJ 107J DJ 107F DJ 105T DJ 105S DJ 105L DJ 103V DJ 103U DJ 103T DJ 103N DJ 103M DJ 103L DJ 103K DJ 103J DJ 103I DJ 103H DJ 103G (km) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Source: authors 88 Figure 42 – Spatial distribution of road pavement conditions per county roads (July-August 2019 Source: authors 89 Table 20. Road pavement conditions and their share into the total length of communal roads (July-August, 2019) Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 1 DC 1 0.000 0.00 3.400 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.400 2 DC 2 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 6.52 1.600 34.78 2.700 58.70 0.000 0.00 4.600 3 DC 3 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.800 64.69 2.000 26.95 0.620 8.36 0.000 0.00 7.420 4 DC 4 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 5 DC 5 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.300 62.16 0.000 0.00 1.400 37.84 0.000 0.00 3.700 6 DC 6 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.100 2.56 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.800 97.44 3.900 7 DC 7 0.000 0.00 8.600 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.600 8 DC 8 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 9 DC 9A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.100 53.85 1.800 46.15 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.900 10 DC 10 0.000 0.00 1.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.900 11 DC 12 0.000 0.00 0.950 19.00 0.600 12.00 0.000 0.00 3.450 69.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 12 DC 13 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 13 DC 14 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.200 10.00 1.800 90.00 2.000 14 DC 14A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.150 6.82 0.000 0.00 0.150 6.82 1.900 86.36 2.200 15 DC 16 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.530 79.00 1.470 21.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.000 16 DC 17 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 50.00 0.800 50.00 1.600 90 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 17 DC 18 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 5.66 3.800 71.70 1.200 22.64 0.000 0.00 5.300 18 DC 19 0.000 0.00 1.500 75.00 0.500 25.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 19 DC 20 0.000 0.00 2.200 35.48 1.100 17.74 2.900 46.77 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.200 20 DC 21 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.200 72.22 2.000 27.78 0.000 0.00 7.200 21 DC 21B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 88.89 0.500 11.11 0.000 0.00 4.500 22 DC 22 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 23 DC 23 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.200 97.64 0.150 2.36 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.350 24 DC 24 0.000 0.00 1.600 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.600 25 DC 25 0.000 0.00 2.850 22.62 9.250 73.41 0.500 3.97 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 12.600 26 DC 30 0.000 0.00 3.400 50.75 0.000 0.00 1.300 19.40 2.000 29.85 0.000 0.00 6.700 27 DC 32 0.000 0.00 1.300 13.16 0.000 0.00 4.050 40.99 0.100 1.01 4.430 44.84 9.880 28 DC 33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 29 DC 34 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.800 85.71 0.800 14.29 0.000 0.00 5.600 30 DC 35 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.400 69.23 2.400 30.77 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.800 31 DC 36 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 11.67 10.600 88.33 0.000 0.00 12.000 32 DC 37 0.000 0.00 5.000 78.13 1.400 21.88 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.400 33 DC 38 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.800 60.00 1.200 40.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 91 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 34 DC 39 0.000 0.00 3.300 45.21 0.000 0.00 0.200 2.74 3.800 52.05 0.000 0.00 7.300 35 DC 40 0.000 0.00 3.470 89.66 0.400 10.34 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.870 36 DC 41 0.000 0.00 2.300 31.94 4.900 68.06 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.200 37 DC 42 0.000 0.00 3.300 97.06 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.100 2.94 0.000 0.00 3.400 38 DC 43 0.000 0.00 4.500 68.18 0.000 0.00 0.300 4.55 0.000 0.00 1.800 27.27 6.600 39 DC 45 0.000 0.00 0.010 0.50 0.000 0.00 1.590 79.50 0.400 20.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 40 DC 46 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.750 42.68 2.350 57.32 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.100 41 DC 47 0.000 0.00 5.700 95.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 5.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.000 42 DC 47A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.300 55.84 3.400 44.16 0.000 0.00 7.700 43 DC 48 0.000 0.00 4.000 59.70 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 40.30 0.000 0.00 6.700 44 DC 49 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 20.00 1.400 70.00 0.200 10.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 45 DC 49A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 29.41 1.200 70.59 0.000 0.00 1.700 46 DC 50 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.900 40.91 1.000 45.45 0.300 13.64 0.000 0.00 2.200 47 DC 51 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.900 48 DC 52 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 49 DC 53 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.900 50.00 0.600 33.33 0.300 16.67 0.000 0.00 1.800 50 DC 54 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 60.00 0.800 40.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 92 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 51 DC 55 0.000 0.00 1.300 32.50 2.700 67.50 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 52 DC 56 0.000 0.00 1.230 28.74 0.000 0.00 3.050 71.26 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.280 53 DC 57 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 27.27 3.200 72.73 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.400 54 DC 58 0.000 0.00 1.000 20.83 1.670 34.79 2.130 44.38 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.800 55 DC 59 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.400 58.62 2.400 41.38 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.800 56 DC 60 0.000 0.00 1.750 38.89 0.700 15.56 2.050 45.56 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.500 57 DC 61 0.000 0.00 3.800 63.33 0.000 0.00 1.200 20.00 1.000 16.67 0.000 0.00 6.000 58 DC 62 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.600 97.06 0.200 2.94 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.800 59 DC 63 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 50.00 0.500 50.00 1.000 60 DC 64 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.200 61 DC 65 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 62 DC 66 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.600 90.32 0.600 9.68 0.000 0.00 6.200 63 DC 67 0.000 0.00 2.000 76.92 0.000 0.00 0.600 23.08 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.600 64 DC 68 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 80.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 20.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 65 DC 68A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 26.43 0.200 8.81 1.470 64.76 2.270 66 DC 69 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 59.32 1.000 16.95 1.400 23.73 0.000 0.00 5.900 67 DC 69A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.500 57.29 4.100 42.71 0.000 0.00 9.600 93 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 68 DC 70 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 31.75 0.800 21.16 0.500 13.23 1.280 33.86 3.780 69 DC 71 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 17.86 3.900 69.64 0.700 12.50 0.000 0.00 5.600 70 DC 72 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 71 DC 73 0.000 0.00 2.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 72 DC 74 0.000 0.00 1.800 94.74 0.000 0.00 0.100 5.26 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.900 73 DC 75 0.000 0.00 1.400 25.45 0.000 0.00 2.700 49.09 1.400 25.45 0.000 0.00 5.500 74 DC 76 0.000 0.00 6.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 75 DC 77 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.100 76.64 1.250 23.36 5.350 76 DC 78 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 5.00 0.000 0.00 11.700 83.57 1.600 11.43 14.000 77 DC 79 0.000 0.00 1.800 90.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.200 10.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 78 DC 80 0.000 0.00 3.810 29.31 0.000 0.00 1.690 13.00 7.500 57.69 0.000 0.00 13.000 79 DC 81 0.000 0.00 0.700 23.33 0.000 0.00 2.300 76.67 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 80 DC 82 0.000 0.00 5.500 58.51 3.900 41.49 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.400 81 DC 85 0.000 0.00 10.000 84.08 0.000 0.00 0.500 4.20 1.393 11.71 0.000 0.00 11.893 82 DC 86 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.800 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.800 83 DC 87 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.300 91.30 0.600 8.70 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.900 84 DC 88 0.000 0.00 3.400 70.83 0.000 0.00 0.400 8.33 1.000 20.83 0.000 0.00 4.800 94 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 85 DC 89 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.950 95.16 0.150 4.84 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.100 86 DC 90 0.000 0.00 2.000 66.67 0.400 13.33 0.600 20.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 87 DC 91 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 28.57 4.500 42.86 3.000 28.57 0.000 0.00 10.500 88 DC 92 0.000 0.00 2.310 92.40 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.190 7.60 0.000 0.00 2.500 89 DC 93A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 90 DC 94 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.700 91 DC 96 0.000 0.00 2.500 80.65 0.000 0.00 0.600 19.35 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.100 92 DC 98 0.000 0.00 0.300 27.27 0.800 72.73 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.100 93 DC 99 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 94 DC 100A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.000 100.00 6.000 95 DC 101 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 96 DC 101A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.050 0.83 1.900 31.67 4.050 67.50 6.000 97 DC 102 0.000 0.00 5.000 55.56 1.000 11.11 2.000 22.22 1.000 11.11 0.000 0.00 9.000 98 DC 102A 0.000 0.00 5.600 75.68 0.000 0.00 1.800 24.32 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.400 99 DC 103 0.000 0.00 4.000 78.43 1.100 21.57 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 100 DC 104 0.000 0.00 1.360 13.72 0.500 5.05 2.800 28.25 5.250 52.98 0.000 0.00 9.910 101 DC 105 3.600 30.93 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.650 5.58 0.000 0.00 7.390 63.49 11.640 95 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 102 DC 106 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 103 DC 107 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.240 24.80 3.760 75.20 0.000 0.00 5.000 104 DC 110 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 105 DC 110C 0.000 0.00 1.000 25.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 75.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 106 DC 111 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.900 51.58 4.600 48.42 0.000 0.00 9.500 107 DC 113 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 108 DC 114 0.000 0.00 3.000 85.71 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 14.29 0.000 0.00 3.500 109 DC 115 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.400 80.00 0.600 20.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 110 DC 116 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.800 111 DC 117 0.000 0.00 1.110 11.80 2.100 22.32 0.100 1.06 6.100 64.82 0.000 0.00 9.410 112 DC 118 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.600 59.19 0.400 3.12 4.840 37.69 0.000 0.00 12.840 113 DC 119 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.650 66.00 0.150 6.00 0.700 28.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 114 DC 121 0.000 0.00 17.900 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 17.900 115 DC 122 3.340 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.340 116 DC 123 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.100 117 DC 124 0.000 0.00 1.000 19.05 4.050 77.14 0.200 3.81 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.250 118 DC 126 0.000 0.00 8.600 72.27 3.300 27.73 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.900 96 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 119 DC 127 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 120 DC 128A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 22.99 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.700 77.01 8.700 121 DC 128C 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 100.00 0.000 0.00 1.700 122 DC 129 0.000 0.00 6.100 67.78 0.000 0.00 2.900 32.22 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 9.000 123 DC 130 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.450 63.12 0.600 8.51 0.900 12.77 1.100 15.60 7.050 124 DC 131 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 125 DC 132 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.250 46.43 3.750 53.57 0.000 0.00 7.000 126 DC 133 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 50.00 1.000 50.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 127 DC 135 0.000 0.00 3.500 64.10 0.800 14.65 0.000 0.00 1.160 21.25 0.000 0.00 5.460 128 DC 137 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 8.400 80.00 0.000 0.00 2.100 20.00 0.000 0.00 10.500 129 DC 138 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 3.04 5.000 50.66 3.370 34.14 1.200 12.16 9.870 130 DC 139 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.400 13.33 2.600 86.67 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 131 DC 140 0.000 0.00 4.200 42.00 4.300 43.00 0.000 0.00 1.500 15.00 0.000 0.00 10.000 132 DC 140A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 133 DC 141 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 13.51 2.400 64.86 0.800 21.62 0.000 0.00 3.700 134 DC 141A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.550 34.46 0.200 2.70 4.650 62.84 0.000 0.00 7.400 135 DC 141B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 70.00 0.000 0.00 0.600 30.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 97 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 136 DC 142A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 137 DC 142B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.700 33.96 4.150 52.20 1.100 13.84 0.000 0.00 7.950 138 DC 142C 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 66.67 0.700 33.33 0.000 0.00 2.100 139 DC 142D 0.000 0.00 1.550 31.00 1.200 24.00 2.250 45.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 140 DC 143 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 141 DC 144 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 7.14 0.000 0.00 6.500 92.86 0.000 0.00 7.000 142 DC 145 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.400 48.78 0.000 0.00 1.000 11.09 3.620 40.13 9.020 143 DC 146 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 7.300 100.00 0.000 0.00 7.300 144 DC 146A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.000 145 DC 147 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.810 65.20 1.500 34.80 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.310 146 DC 148A 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 147 DC 150 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.800 49.12 0.400 7.02 2.500 43.86 0.000 0.00 5.700 148 DC 151 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 149 DC 151A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 37.84 0.000 0.00 2.300 62.16 0.000 0.00 3.700 150 DC 152 0.000 0.00 0.800 13.79 0.000 0.00 4.700 81.03 0.300 5.17 0.000 0.00 5.800 151 DC 153 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.500 50.00 0.500 50.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.000 152 DC 154 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.750 15.96 0.000 0.00 3.950 84.04 0.000 0.00 4.700 98 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 153 DC 155 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.780 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.780 154 DC 156 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 6.500 155 DC 157 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 3.200 156 DC 158 0.000 0.00 1.750 38.04 0.300 6.52 2.550 55.43 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.600 157 DC 159 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.670 94.50 0.000 0.00 0.330 5.50 0.000 0.00 6.000 158 DC 160 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 159 DC 162 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.700 96.10 0.000 0.00 0.150 3.90 0.000 0.00 3.850 160 DC 163 0.000 0.00 0.800 47.06 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.900 52.94 0.000 0.00 1.700 161 DC 164 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 27.91 2.800 65.12 0.300 6.98 0.000 0.00 4.300 162 DC 165 5.300 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.300 163 DC 166 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 6.00 0.000 0.00 4.700 94.00 5.000 164 DC 168 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 165 DC 169 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 166 DC 170 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 167 DC 171 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.990 85.57 0.760 10.86 0.250 3.57 0.000 0.00 7.000 168 DC 172A 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.200 8.00 2.300 92.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.500 169 DC 172B 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.200 99 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor Road in of very good of good of medium of poor of very poor Total road No. Road name of road in condition condition condition condition condition works (km) condition condition condition condition condition length (km) works (%) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 170 DC 173 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.500 87.50 0.000 0.00 0.500 12.50 0.000 0.00 4.000 171 DC 174 0.000 0.00 2.500 89.93 0.000 0.00 0.280 10.07 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.780 172 DC 175 0.000 0.00 5.000 100.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 5.000 173 DC 176 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 1.400 46.67 1.600 53.33 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 3.000 174 DC 177 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 11.100 85.38 0.850 6.54 1.050 8.08 0.000 0.00 13.000 175 DC 178 0.000 0.00 1.700 85.00 0.000 0.00 0.300 15.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 2.000 Cluj County Total 12.240 1.37 216.350 24.26 239.900 26.90 188.560 21.14 179.513 20.13 55.390 6.21 891.953 Source: authors 100 Figure 43 – Road pavement conditions on communal roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) DC 178 DC 177 DC 176 Drum în lucru (km) DC 175 Stare foarte bună (km) Stare bună (km) DC 174 Stare medie (km) DC 173 Stare rea (km) DC 172B Stare foarte rea (km) DC 172A DC 171 DC 170 DC 169 DC 168 DC 166 DC 165 DC 164 DC 163 DC 162 DC 160 DC 159 DC 158 DC 157 DC 156 DC 155 DC 154 DC 153 DC 152 DC 151A DC 151 DC 150 DC 148A DC 147 DC 146A DC 146 DC 145 DC 144 DC 143 DC 142D DC 142C DC 142B DC 142A DC 141B DC 141A DC 141 DC 140A DC 140 DC 139 DC 138 DC 137 DC 135 DC 133 DC 132 DC 131 DC 130 DC 129 DC 128C (km) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 101 DC 128A Drum în lucru (km) DC 127 Stare foarte bună (km) Stare bună (km) DC 126 Stare medie (km) DC 124 Stare rea (km) DC 123 Stare foarte rea (km) DC 122 DC 121 DC 119 DC 118 DC 117 DC 116 DC 115 DC 114 DC 113 DC 111 DC 110C DC 110 DC 107 DC 106 DC 105 DC 104 DC 103 DC 102A DC 102 DC 101A DC 101 DC 100A DC 99 DC 98 DC 96 DC 94 DC 93A DC 92 DC 91 DC 90 DC 89 DC 88 DC 87 DC 86 DC 85 DC 82 DC 81 DC 80 DC 79 DC 78 DC 77 DC 76 DC 75 DC 74 DC 73 DC 72 DC 71 DC 70 DC 69A DC 69 DC 68A DC 68 DC 67 DC 66 DC 65 (km) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 102 DC 64 Drum în lucru (km) DC 63 Stare foarte bună (km) Stare bună (km) DC 62 Stare medie (km) DC 61 Stare rea (km) DC 60 Stare foarte rea (km) DC 59 DC 58 DC 57 DC 56 DC 55 DC 54 DC 53 DC 52 DC 51 DC 50 DC 49A DC 49 DC 48 DC 47A DC 47 DC 46 DC 45 DC 43 DC 42 DC 41 DC 40 DC 39 DC 38 DC 37 DC 36 DC 35 DC 34 DC 33 DC 32 DC 30 DC 25 DC 24 DC 23 DC 22 DC 21B DC 21 DC 20 DC 19 DC 18 DC 17 DC 16 DC 14A DC 14 DC 13 DC 12 DC 10 DC 9A DC 8 DC 7 DC 6 DC 5 DC 4 DC 3 DC 2 DC 1 (km) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Source: authors 103 Figure 44– Spatial distribution of road pavement conditions per communal roads (July-August 2019) Source: authors 104 2.3. Civil engineering works and other road infrastructure facilities in Cluj County – current situation 2.3.1. Dams, viaducts, overpasses, passages, bridges and culverts The Cluj County's infrastructure is currently served by 563 engineering works with an opening in excess of 5 m (3 dams, 18 viaducts, 47 overpasses and 495 bridges), which ensure road traffic over certain natural and man-made obstacles (rivers, land features, railways, roads, etc.). They were built and modernized at different moments in time, which is why the state of theinfrastructure and superstructureelements currently differs. In order to assess the current state of engineering works that support road traffic, an overall qualitative assessment was carried out across five condition categories: VG – very good; G – good; M – medium; P – poor; VP – very poor. This assessment is only intended as an indication of the overall state of engineering works, without going into other technical details. The current state of engineering works that support road traffic continuity is as follows (Table 21, Fig. 45). Table 21. Overall state of road infrastructure engineering works in Cluj County (July-August 2019) State of engineering works Total No. Road type VG G M P VP roads no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % 1 Dams 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 66.67 1 33.33 0 0.00 3 0.53 2 Viaducts 18 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 18 3.20 3 Overpasses 30 63.83 9 19.15 7 14.89 0 0.00 1 2.13 47 8.35 4 Bridges 64 12.93 90 18.18 255 51.51 82 16.56 4 0.82 495 87.92 Total 100.0 5 engineerin 112 19.89 99 17.58 262 46.54 85 15.10 5 0.89 563 0 g works Source: authors 105 Figure 45 – Overall state of road infrastructure engineering works in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) Poduri FR Pasaje Viaducte R Baraje M B FB (nr.) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Source: authors Out of the total 563 infrastructure elements on the entire road network of Cluj County (motorways, European roads and national roads), 112 units fall under VG - very good (19.86%), 99 units fall under G - good (17,55%), 262 units fall under M - medium (46.45%), 85 units fall under P - poor, and 5 fall under VP – very poor. This finding is based on field observations and reveals that more than 37% of the infrastructure elements fall under VG and G, a fact which ensures an appropriate operation of roads in the future. The situation changes for the worse when we note that almost 50% of the infrastructure elements supporting the road traffic (overpasses, bridges) fall under the medium reliability class (M) and that they are reaching the end of their useful life and becoming impaired; this high percentage will create significant budget pressure for their modernization, in order to avoid their reclassification as being in poor and very poor condition, at the expense of road traffic. However, there is the more serious situation on infrastructure elements falling under the P - poor and VP - very poor states, which together account for around 16% of the total elements, and which are liable to collapse at any moment under the pressure of traffic or other factors (flash floods, storms, spring flooding, etc.) causing road traffic obstruction and cutting off access to localities. An individual analysis shows that large engineering works (viaducts and overpasses) mainly fall under the VG, G and M categories, while most bridges fall under the M, G and P categories. This situation is explained by the fact that the larger infrastructure elements were built more recently, while most bridges were built in the 1960's, 70's and 80's of the 20th century, and many are yet to be modernized. A special category is that of dams (Someșu Cald, Tarnița and Fântânele), which support traffic on DJ 107P and DN 1R, and which showed medium and advanced degradation of their road surfaces and consequently were classified as category M – medium and P – poor. Therefore, the roadways on the Someșu Cald and Fântânele dams fall under the M category, while that on the Tarnița Dam falls under B (Table 22, Fig. 46, 47). It has to be reminded that these dams are major tourist attractions in themselves, being visited by large numbers of tourists, and that they ensure traffic on tourist-oriented routes. 106 Table 22. Overall state of dams acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019) State of dams acting as roads Total Road No. VG G M P VP dams type no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % Motorw 1 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 ays National 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 33.33 roads County 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 50.00 1 50.00 0 0.00 2 66.67 roads Commun 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 al roads Total 5 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 66.67 1 33.33 0 0.00 3 100.00 dams Source: authors Figure 46 – State of road surface on DN 1R, Fântânele Dam (July-August, 2019) Source: authors 107 Figure 47 – State of road surface on DJ 107P, Tarnița Dam (July-August, 2019 Source: authors The state of infrastructure components such as viaducts, overpasses or road bridges with an opening in excess of 5 m varies across separate categories of classified roads (Table 23, Fig. 48). Table 23.Overall state of engineering works by categories of classified roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019) State of engineering works Total engineering works No. Road type VG G M P VP no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % 1 Motorways 38 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 38 6.75 National 2 22 15.38 47 32.87 68 47.55 4 2.80 2 1.40 143 25.40 roads County 3 40 15.21 28 10.65 135 51.33 60 22.81 0 0.00 263 46.71 roads Communal 4 12 10.08 24 20.17 61 51.26 18 15.13 4 3.36 119 21.14 roads 5 Total roads 112 19.89 99 17.58 264 46.89 82 14.57 6 1.07 563 100.00 Source: authors 108 Figure 48 – Overall state of road infrastructure engineering works in Cluj County (July-August, 2019 Drumuri comunale FR Drumuri județene Drumuri naționale Autostrăzi R M B FB (nr.) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Source: authors Thus, if all engineering works on motorways fall under the Very Good category (100%), they fall under all the five categories, with a prevalence of the Medium state (47.22%). County roads feature the most engineering works, which mainly fall under the Medium (51.33%) category, followed by the Poor (22.81%) and Very Good (15.21%) categories. However, it is to be noted that 60 facilities still fall under the Very Poor category, which is set to become a major issue at network level in the future. With regard to communal roads, the situation is somewhat similar, most facilities falling under the Medium (51.26%) category, followed by the Good (20.17%) and Poor (15.13%) categories, with only 10.08% of the engineering works being in a very good state. The individual analysis of infrastructure components per road categories reveals a different situation from the overall picture presented above. Therefore, the state of the infrastructure components is hereunder presented separately,by categories. Viaducts – large engineering works intended to span across major obstacles – they are only found on upper category road infrastructures (motorways and national roads). These fall entirely under the Very Good category, also thanks to the recent completion of construction works (5-10 years) and to their quality (Table 24, Fig. 49). 109 Table 24. Overall state of viaducts acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019) State of viaducts acting as roads Total Road No. VG G M P VP road viaducts type no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % Motorw 1 15 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 83.33 ays National 2 3 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 16.67 roads County 3 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 roads Commun 4 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 al roads Total 5 18 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 18 100.00 roads Source: authors Figure 49 – Overall state of viaducts acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019) Drumuri comunale FR Drumuri județene Drumuri naționale Autostrăzi R M B FB (nr.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Source: authors Road overpasses – large and medium-sized engineering works intended to span across obstacles generated by two infrastructure components of the same or a different category – they are found on all classified roads in Cluj County. The classification of overpasses based on their state is also inconsistent at network level (Table 25, Fig. 50). 110 Table 25. Overall state of overpasses acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August 2019) State of overpasses acting as roads Total Road No. VG G M P VP road overpasses type no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % Motorw 1 12 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 12 25.53 ays National 2 6 27.27 8 36.36 7 31.82 0 0.00 1 4.55 22 46.81 roads County 3 7 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 14.89 roads Commun 4 5 83.33 1 16.67 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 12.77 al roads Total 5 30 63.83 9 19.15 7 14.89 0 0.00 1 2.13 47 100.00 roads Source: authors Figure 50 – Overall state of overpasses acting as roads in Cluj County (July-August, 2019). Drumuri comunale FR Drumuri județene Drumuri naționale Autostrăzi R M B FB (nr.) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Source: authors Therefore, all overpasses on motorways fall under the VG – Very Good category, but their states vary on national roads: 6 overpasses – VG, 8 overpasses – G, 7 overpasses – M, and 1 overpass falls under Very Poor (overpass on the narrow gauge industrial railway on DN 1, at km 445+200 Turda). In case of county roads, all overpasses fall under the VG category, and under two different categories in case of communal roads: 5 overpasses – VG, 1 overpass – G. 111 Road bridges – these are large engineering works with an opening in excess of 5 m, which are mostly used to span across water courses. They are considered small-sized engineering works and are frequently found on the watercourses from the county's territory. The road network of Cluj County contains 495 bridges, out of which 11 bridges on motorways, 117 on national roads, 254 on county roads, and 113 on communal roads (Table 26, Fig. 51). Table 26. Overall state of road bridges in Cluj County (July-August 2019) State of road bridges Total Road No. VG G M P VP road bridges type no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % no. % Motorwa 1 11 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 11 2.22 ys National 2 14 11.96 39 33.33 59 50.43 4 3.43 1 0.85 117 23.64 roads County 3 33 12.99 28 11.02 134 52.76 59 23.23 0 0.00 254 51.31 roads Commun 4 7 6.19 23 20.35 61 53.98 18 15.93 4 3.54 113 22.83 al roads Total 5 64 12.93 90 18.18 255 51.52 81 16.36 5 1.01 495 100.00 roads Source: authors Figure 51 – Overall state of road bridges in Cluj County (July-August, 2019). Drumuri comunale FR Drumuri județene Drumuri naționale Autostrăzi R M B FB (nr.) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Source: authors 112 The state of road bridges on the classified roads of Cluj County varies greatly as a consequence of the different time periods when they were built, of the elements, and of the intensity of road traffic. Thus, the network is characterized by the following: - 100% of motorway bridges are in very good state; - national roads are dominated by bridges with a Medium state (50.43%), followed by bridges in good (33.33%) and very good (11.96%) state; bridges in poor and very poor state account for little more than 4% (4 bridges – P, 1 bridge – VP), but they are in sufficient numbers to generate significant traffic obstacles in case of collapse. Such bridges in poor states are found on DN 1 at km 445+800, DN 1C at km 61+300, DN 1R at km 17+250 (r. Călata) and 18+970 (r. Călata); the only case of a road bridge classified as Very Poor state is found on DN 1 at km 444+840 over the Arieș river, at the entrance in Turda from Alba Iulia (Fig. 52); Figure 52 – Road bridge over Arieș River on DN 1, at km 444+840 at the entrance into Turda Source: authors 113 Figure 53– Road bridge over Someșul Cald river on DC 128A, at km 0+400 Source: authors - county roads are clearly dominated by bridges in medium condition (52.76%), followed by those in poor (23.23%) and very good condition (12.99%); bridges in very good and good condition account for around ¼ of total bridges on county roads, which is still very little in terms of overall road traffic; it is desirable this bridge category dominate the statistics; it is worth noting that there are no bridges in very poor condition on county roads; - communal roads rank third in the classification of bridges with 113 units, out of which many fall under the medium condition category (53,98%), followed by good condition (20.35%) and poor condition ones (11.02%); only 6.19% of communal bridges are in very good condition, i.e. the bridges modernized with EU grants; however, there are also four bridges in very poor condition, which could create major difficulties on the road networks they serve; the four bridges in very poor condition are found on two communal roads: DC 128A, at km 0+400 – r. Someșu Cald, 1+900 – v. Șimonu and 2+600, and DC 144 at km 0+000 over v. Valea Mare (see Fig. 53). The territorial distribution of engineering works (dams, viaducts, overpasses and bridges) on motorways and national roads reveals the following constant: the higher the rank and technical classification of a road, the better the condition of engineering works (Fig. 54). 114 Figure 54 – Territorial distribution of road infrastructure components such as engineering works on motorways and national roads in Cluj County Source: authors Thus, all infrastructure components on motorways are in very good condition; on European roads, the engineering works fall under the very good and good categories; in case of secondary national roads, infrastructure components in medium and good condition prevail. Culverts – these are a separate category of road infrastructure components that allow runoff to flow under roads. They are also the most numerous infrastructure components in this category. They are found in good condition on upper category road infrastructure (I, II and III, such as motorways and national roads) and on recently modernized roads, and in poor condition on secondary national roads and non-modernized European roads (Fig. 55). The most frequent issues faced by these culverts are clogging or degradation caused by frosting and thawing. 115 Figure 55– Territorial distribution of road infrastructure components such as culverts on motorways and national roads in Cluj County Source: authors 2.3.2. Roundabouts Roundabouts are road junctions with high traffic capacity, placed in locations where traffic flows are high and rising. The main benefit of such junctions is that they do not require traffic lights to guide traffic and do not cause waiting times when there is no traffic on the other road. They can be of various types: formal and pop-up roundabouts with one, two or more traffic lanes. Therefore, this type of junction is an appropriate solution for roads with increasing traffic. The classified roads in Cluj County feature 53 roundabouts, mainly concentrated in urban areas (Table 27, Fig. 56). 116 Table 27.Roundabouts on the road network of Cluj County Intersection Roundabout type No. of lanes Road Km No. Locality with another name position classified road Formal Pop-up 1 lane 2 lanes 1 DN 1 440+100 Turda x x 2 DN 1 446+000 Turda DJ 161B x x 3 DN 1 446+400 Turda DJ 161B x x 4 DN 1 467+700 Feleacu DJ 103T + DC 71 x x 5 DN 1 472+900 Cluj-Napoca DJ 103U x x 6 DN 1 473+200 Cluj-Napoca VTCJ x x 7 DN 1 474+200 Cluj-Napoca x x 8 DN1 480+200 Cluj-Napoca x x 9 DN 1 483+100 Florești x x 10 DN 1 485+900 Florești x x 11 DN 1 488+200 Luna de Sus DN 1 + DJ 107M x x 12 DN 1C 1+500 Cluj-Napoca x x 13 DN 1C 7+850 Cluj-Napoca x x 14 DN 1C 9+580 Dezmir x x 15 DN 1C 16+180 Apahida VOCE+VAP x x 16 DN 1C 60+090 Dej DN 17 x x 17 DN 1F 4+400 Cluj-Napoca x x 18 DN 1F 16+350 Nădășelu A3 + DN 1J x x 19 DN 15 0+000 Turda DJ 161B x x 20 DN 15 0+900 Turda x x 21 DN 15 2+000 Turda x x 22 DN 15 2+400 Turda x x 23 DN 15 5+200 Turda x x 117 Intersection Roundabout type No. of lanes Road Km No. Locality with another name position classified road Formal Pop-up 1 lane 2 lanes Câmpia 24 DN 15 9+150 x x Turzii Câmpia 25 DN 15 11+600 A3 x x Turzii 26 DN 16 0+000 Apahida DN 1C x x 27 DN 17 0+000 Dej DN 1C x x 28 VTCJ 0+000 Cluj-Napoca VOCE x X 29 VOCE 17+360 Dezmir DC 80 x X VOCNE + DC 30 VOCE 20+060 Sub Coastă x X 142C 31 VOCE 23+664 Apahida DN 1C + VAP x X Access Tetarom 32 VOCNE 0+600 Cluj-Napoca x x II 33 VGH 0+000 Gherla DN 1C + DJ 172F x x 34 DJ 103G 41+250 Săndulești DJ 107L x x 35 DJ 103G 66+450 Gheorghieni VOCE x x 36 DJ 103G 72+750 Cluj-Napoca x x 37 DJ 105S 0+200 Cluj-Napoca x x 38 DJ 107L 0+500 Turda x x 39 DJ 109A 0+125 Cluj-Napoca DC 142B x x 40 DJ 109A 1+320 Cluj-Napoca x x 41 DJ 109A 1+900 Cluj-Napoca x x 42 DJ 109A 2+650 Cluj-Napoca x x Juc- Access Tetarom 43 DJ 109D 33+490 x x Herghelie 3 44 DJ 161B 28+250 Turda x x 118 Intersection Roundabout type No. of lanes Road Km No. Locality with another name position classified road Formal Pop-up 1 lane 2 lanes 45 DJ 161B 28+500 Turda x x 46 DJ 161B 29+250 Turda x x 47 DJ 161B 30+450 Turda DN 15 x x 48 DJ 161C 30+560 Dej x x 49 DJ 161C 31+800 Dej DJ 161D x x 50 DJ 161C 32+000 Dej x x 51 DJ 161C 32+150 Dej x x 52 DC 142D 0+890 Cluj-Napoca x x 53 DC 142D 1+550 Cluj-Napoca x x Total 45 8 24 29 Source: authors 119 Figure 56 – Roundabout intersections on the classified road network of Cluj County Source: authors Most such intersections are located in Cluj-Napoca City and in its metropolitan area, followed by the Turda- Câmpia Turzii conurbation and the cities of Dej and Gherla. Outside these urban areas, the roundabouts are not formalized as permanent structures, although it would be necessary especially in places where European and national roads intersect with the local road network. In order to ensure optimum traffic flows, a roundabout should not just be present, but also be formalized. Thus, 45 out of the 53 roundabouts are permanent structures, and the remaining 8 are pop-up roundabouts or under formalization as permanent ones (Fig. 57), revealing a clear preference for formally arranged roundabouts (84.90%). Another relevant aspect of such an intersection is the number of traffic lanes. The roundabouts with high traffic capacity have at least two lanes, one for changing the direction of travel and one for going straight ahead. Out of the 53 roundabouts, 24 have one traffic lane (Fig. 58), and 29 have two traffic lanes (Fig. 59). 120 Figure 57 – Pop-up roundabout on DJ 109A, in the city of Cluj-Napoca Source: authors Figure 58 – One-lane formal roundabout on DN 1, in Luna de Sus Source: authors 121 Figure 59 – Two-lane formal roundabout on DN 1, in the city of Turda Source: authors In conclusion, the number, typology and location of roundabouts still indicate the road managers’ low concern for traffic safety and for ensuring a smooth traffic flow, which continue to cause high rates of accidents in intersections. 2.3.3. Level crossings The intersection of railways with classified roads are points of conflict between the two types of infrastructures. Such conflicts often mean accidents and loss of human lives. In order to secure traffic on the two types of infrastructures and reduce or eliminate hazard areas, the intersections were arranged in various forms. Therefore, these intersections are divided into two main designs: level crossings and grade- separated crossings. Level crossing are the most frequent and are found on roads with low and medium traffic flows, while grade-separated railway crossings are used on upper category roads with intense traffic. Level crossings can be signal- or non-signal-controlled, with full or half barriers in case medium class roads with high traffic intensity. Facilities such as road or rail under/overpasses are found on upper category roads (I, II, III) and are an ideal solution for addressing hazard areas between the two infrastructures. The classified road network (motorways, European and national, county and communal roads) in Cluj County cross the rail network in 55 points, with such intersections of different designs, from road over/underpasses to no-barrier or signal-controlled level crossings (Table 28, Fig. 60). 122 Table 28. Intersections of classified roads with the rail network in Cluj County Signal- controlled Accident Intersection type Traffic safety system Type of road surface intersectio hazard n Road Railway Km No. Locality Concr Conc Remarks name name position Flexible ete rete Grade- No- Half- rubber Level YES NO Barrier ceme asph YES NO separated barrier barrier plates nt alt STRAIL slabs slabs 1 A3 CF 300 2+195 Câmpia Turzii x x 2 Industrial x Narrow gauge DN 1 445+200 Turda x railway 3 DN 1 CF 300 351+302 Huedin x x 4 DN 1C CF 300 3+700 Cluj-Napoca x x 5 DN 1C CF 400 61+430 Dej x x 6 Industrial x Decommissioned DN 1C 20+225 Jucu x x x x railway 7 Industrial x DN 1C 55+665 Dej x x x x railway 8 Industrial x Decommissioned DN 1C 57+320 Dej x x x x railway 9 DN 1F CF 300 2+000 Cluj-Napoca x x 10 DN 1F CF 300 11+295 Suceag x x 11 DN 1F CF 300 16+920 Nădășel x x 12 DN 1G CF 300 0+426 Huedin x x x x x 13 DN 15 CF 300 7+925 Câmpia Turzii x x 14 DN 16 CF 401 0+050 Apahida x x x x x 15 DN 75 CF 309 136+747 Lungești x x x x x Decommissioned 16 DN 75 CF 309 137+269 Lungești x x x x x Decommissioned 17 DN 75 CF 309 138+360 Lungești x x x x x Decommissioned 18 DN 75 CF 309 139+462 Lungești x x x x x Decommissioned 19 DN 75 CF 309 143+387 Buru x x x x x Decommissioned 20 DN 75 CF 309 144+408 Buru x x x x x Decommissioned 21 DN 75 CF 309 154+170 Cornești x x x x x Decommissioned 22 DJ x CF 300 0+080 Bologa x x x x 103H 23 DJ x CF 300 2+800 Jebucu x x x x 103N 123 Signal- controlled Accident Intersection type Traffic safety system Type of road surface intersectio hazard n Road Railway Km No. Locality Concr Conc Remarks name name position Flexible ete rete Grade- No- Half- rubber Level YES NO Barrier ceme asph YES NO separated barrier barrier plates nt alt STRAIL slabs slabs 24 DJ x CF 300 0+030 Bucea x x x x 108I 25 DJ Industrial x Decommissioned 0+200 Gârbău x x x x 108C railway 26 DJ x CF 300 0+400 Aghireșu x x x x 108N 27 DJ x CF 401 4+480 Gherla x x x x 109C 28 DJ x CF 401 33+800 Juc-Herghelie x x x x 109D 29 DJ 161 CF 401 16+950 Bonțida x x x x x 30 DJ x CF 300 0+110 Apahida x x x x 161A 31 DJ x CF 401 0+300 Apahida x x x x 161A 32 DJ x Sloped CF 300 11+900 Ploscoș x x x x 161B 33 DJ x Non- CF 309 30+500 Turda x x x x 161B interchangeable 34 DJ Industrial x 30+750 Turda x x x x 161B railway 35 DJ x CF 309 46+100 Călărași-Gară x x x x 161B 36 DJ x CF 401 17+190 Dej x x x x 161D 37 DJ x CF 401 4+190 Gherla x x x x 172F 38 Valea x DJ 764 CF 300 0+010 x x x x Drăganului 39 DC 37 CF 401 1+400 Gherla x x x x x 40 Industrial x Decommissioned DC 38 0+700 Iclod x x x x railway 124 Signal- controlled Accident Intersection type Traffic safety system Type of road surface intersectio hazard n Road Railway Km No. Locality Concr Conc Remarks name name position Flexible ete rete Grade- No- Half- rubber Level YES NO Barrier ceme asph YES NO separated barrier barrier plates nt alt STRAIL slabs slabs 41 DC 38 CF 401 1+150 Iclod x x x x x 42 DC 39 CF 401 0+350 Gherla x x x x x 43 DC 40 CF 401 3+860 Juc-Herghelie x x x x x 44 DC 41 CF 401 0+800 Apahida x x x x x 45 Industrial x Access BA 71 DC 62 0+400 Călărași-Gară x x x x railway 46 DC 64 CF 300 8+700 Valea Florilor x x x x x 47 DC x CF 300 2+990 Câmpia Turzii x x x x 69A 48 DC 76 CF 300 0+610 Cojocna x x x x x 49 DC 80 CF 300 12+790 Cara x x x x x 50 DC x CF 300 8+560 Brăișoru x x x x 126 51 DC x CF 300 0+020 Negreni x x x x 132 52 DC x CF 300 0+200 Gârbău x x x x 140 53 DC x CF 300 0+150 Dorolțu x x x x 140A 54 DC x CF 300 0+075 Mera x x x x 141B 55 DC x CF 400 0+550 Câțcău x x x x 177 Total 46 9 28 18 40 3 3 4 41 1 28 27 Source: authors 125 126 Figure 60 – Intersections of classified roads with the rail network in Cluj County Source: authors 127 In Cluj County there are currently 9 road overpasses crossing the rail network: 1 overpass on the A3 motorway crossing CF 300 in Câmpia Turzii; 2 overpasses on DN 1 crossing the industrial railway and CF 300 in Turda and Huedin; 2 overpasses on DN 1C crossing CF 300 and 400 in Cluj-Napoca and Dej; 3 road overpasses on DN 1F crossing CF 300 in Cluj-Napoca, Suceag and Nădășel; 1 rail overpass crossing DN 15 in Câmpia Turzii (Fig. 61, 62, 63). Figure 61 – Road overpass on A3 motorway/CF 300 intersection in Câmpia Turzii Source: authors Figure 62 – Road overpass on DN 1F/CF 300 intersection in Suceag Source: authors 128 Figure 63 – Road overpass on DN 15/CF 300 intersection in Câmpia Turzii Source: authors The level crossing-type design is the most frequent and is found in 46 intersections, out of which 40 are no-barrier, three are half-barrier and other three are full barrier crossings (Fig. 64, 65, 66). 129 Figure 64 – No-barrier level crossing with lights and concrete slabs at the intersection of the DJ 103H county road with CF 300, nearby Bologa Source: authors Figure 65 – Half-barrier level crossing with flexible panels at the intersection of the DN 16 national road with CF 300, nearby Apahida Source: authors 130 Figure 66 – Full-barrier level crossing with concrete slabs at the intersection of the DC 140 communal road with CF 300, nearby Gârbău Source: authors The 40 no-barrier intersections are also the most hazardous, as they pose a very high risk of accidents by motorists. They are found on both national and county and communal roads. Half-barrier crossings are found on national and county roads with increasing traffic flows, while full-barrier crossings are found on communal roads. Currently, the most prevalent crossing design consists in concrete cement slabs, found on 41 of the 46 crossings, a fact which significantly affects comfort and particularly the crossing times and safety of crossing vehicles. The modern solution of STRAIL-type flexible panels is only found in 4 cases, which is very little if we are to consider that this solution significantly improves the crossing by vehicles and prevents the risk of stalled engines caused by the rough surface. Any level crossing is subject to a certain degree of accident risks, but no-barrier and half-barrier crossings are the most dangerous. Currently, 28 of the 55 level crossings present a high risk of accidents due to the lack of barriers, the presence of concrete slabs and low visibility. Half-barrier and full-barrier signal- controlled crossings or crossings on decommissioned industrial or narrow gauge railways are not subject to any accident risks. 131 2.4. Filling stations Filling stations are a key prerequisite of safe road traffic. They ensure the dispensing of fuel (gasoline, diesel, LPG), or more recently electricity, for vehicles, and also supply certain basic services for both car maintenance and passengers (car wash, car servicing, convenience stores, food services, parking, etc.). In Cluj County, road traffic is currently served by 91 filling stations located along roads and within built-up areas (Table 29, Fig. 67). Table 29.Filling stations in Cluj County Type of fuel sold No. Name TAU location Premium Standard Premium Standard LPG Biofuel gasoline gasoline Diesel Diesel Standard Extra Standard 1 PETROM Month gasoline 95 Diesel Diesel Gasoline Moldoveneșt 2 A.N.T. Diesel 95 i Gasoline 3 PECO A3 Diesel Month 95 Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV Mihai 4 OMV Motion Motion Motion 95 Diesel Viteazu 100 Diesel SILVAROM Gasoline Mihai 5 Diesel GREEN 95 Viteazu Ecto Sport Ecto Plus Ecto Super Euro L Mihai 6 LUKOIL 98 95 Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Viteazu Ecto Sport Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 7 LUKOIL Câmpia Turzii 98 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Standard Extra Standard 8 PETROM Câmpia Turzii gasoline 95 Diesel Diesel Gasoline 9 Filling station Diesel Iara 95 Gasoline Mihai 10 A&A Import Diesel 95 Viteazu Gasoline Gasoline 11 ESO Diesel Turda 98 95 132 Type of fuel sold No. Name TAU location Premium Standard Premium Standard LPG Biofuel gasoline gasoline Diesel Diesel Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 12 MOL EVO 99 Turda 95 Plus Diesel Gasoline 13 DENISROM Diesel Turda 95 14 DHR LPG Turda EfixS Efix EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 15 ROMPETROL LPG Gasoline Gasoline Turda 55 51 98 95 Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 16 LUKOIL Turda COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 17 MOL Turda 95 Plus Diesel TCS 18 LPG Turda AUTOGAS EfixS Efix ROMPETROL EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 19 Gasoline Gasoline Săndulești PARTNER 55 51 98 95 Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 20 LUKOIL Feleacu COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Extra Standard Standard 21 PETROM LPG Cluj-Napoca gasoline 99 gasoline 95 Diesel Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV 22 OMV Motion Motion Cluj-Napoca Motion 95 Diesel 100 Diesel Gasoline 23 VIDCOM Diesel Florești 95 Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 24 MOL LPG Florești 95 Plus Diesel EfixS Efix EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 25 ROMPETROL Gasoline Gasoline Florești 55 51 98 95 133 Type of fuel sold No. Name TAU location Premium Standard Premium Standard LPG Biofuel gasoline gasoline Diesel Diesel EfixS Efix EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 26 ROMPETROL Gasoline Gasoline Cluj-Napoca 55 51 98 95 27 DHR Cluj-Napoca Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 28 MOL LPG EVO 99 Cluj-Napoca 95 Plus Diesel Ecto Sport Ecto plus Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 29 LUKOIL LPG Cluj-Napoca 98 95 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio 30 ROMPETROL LPG Cluj-Napoca Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV 31 OMV Motion Motion Florești Motion 95 Diesel 100 Diesel Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 32 MOL LPG EVO 99 Florești 95 Plus Diesel Standard Standard 33 PETROM Cluj-Napoca gasoline 95 Diesel Gasoline 34 EUROIL Gasoline + Diesel + Diesel Cluj-Napoca 95 Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 35 MOL EVO 99 Cluj-Napoca 95 Plus Diesel Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 36 MOL EVO 99 Cluj-Napoca 95 Plus Diesel Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV 37 OMV Motion Motion Cluj-Napoca Motion 95 Diesel 100 Diesel WAMAR Gasoline 38 LPG Diesel Cluj-Napoca PETROLEUM 95 39 Go Tyre GPL LPG Cluj-Napoca Efix ROMPETROL Efix Diesel 40 Gasoline Cluj-Napoca PARTNER 51 95 134 Type of fuel sold No. Name TAU location Premium Standard Premium Standard LPG Biofuel gasoline gasoline Diesel Diesel Ecto Sport Ecto Plus Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 41 LUKOIL Cluj-Napoca 98 95 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Gasoline 42 DHR LPG Diesel Cluj-Napoca 95 Ecto Sport Ecto Plus Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 43 LUKOIL Cluj-Napoca 98 95 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 44 MOL Cluj-Napoca 95 Plus Diesel Efix ROMPETROL Efix Diesel 45 LPG Gasoline Gilau PARTNER 51 95 Gasoline 46 PRITAX Diesel 51 Cluj-Napoca 95 Gasoline 47 NAPOCA OIL Diesel Cluj-Napoca 95 Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 48 MOL EVO 99 Cluj-Napoca 95 Plus Diesel Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV 49 OMV Motion Motion Cluj-Napoca Motion 95 Diesel 100 Diesel Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 50 MOL EVO 99 Cluj-Napoca 95 Plus Diesel Nano Nano 51 SOCAR Nano 98 Nano 95 Super Cluj-Napoca Diesel Diesel 52 CRIBO LPG Cluj-Napoca Extra Standard Extra Standard 53 PETROM Cluj-Napoca gasoline 99 gasoline 95 Diesel Diesel Nano Nano 54 SOCAR LPG Nano 98 Nano 95 Super Cluj-Napoca Diesel Diesel 135 Type of fuel sold No. Name TAU location Premium Standard Premium Standard LPG Biofuel gasoline gasoline Diesel Diesel Ecto Sport Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 55 LUKOIL Cluj-Napoca 98 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV 56 OMV Motion Motion Cluj-Napoca Motion 95 Diesel 100 Diesel Ecto Sport Ecto plus Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 57 LUKOIL LPG Apahida 98 95 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Ecto Sport Ecto plus Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 58 LUKOIL Cluj-Napoca 98 95 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio 59 SC T.E.S. SRL LPG Cluj-Napoca Extra Standard Extra Standard 60 PETROM Baciu gasoline 99 gasoline 95 Diesel Diesel EfixS Efix EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 61 ROMPETROL Gasoline Gasoline Cluj-Napoca 55 51 98 95 Standard Extra Standard 62 PETROM Cluj-Napoca gasoline 95 Diesel Diesel 63 HUNGAZ LPG Cluj-Napoca EfixS Efix 1.00 EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel ROMPETROL Gasoline Gasoline Cluj-Napoca 00 55 51 98 95 Gasoline 65 Filling station Diesel Mociu 95 Ecto Sport Ecto Plus Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 66 LUKOIL LPG Cluj-Napoca 98 95 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Efix ROMPETROL Efix Diesel 67 Gasoline Mociu EXPRES 51 95 Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV 68 OMV Motion Motion Apahida Motion 95 Diesel 100 Diesel 136 Type of fuel sold No. Name TAU location Premium Standard Premium Standard LPG Biofuel gasoline gasoline Diesel Diesel Premium Gasoline Premium 69 GAZPROM LPG Diesel Cluj-Napoca gasoline 95 Diesel Gasoline 70 NORD GRUP Diesel Baciu 95 Gasoline 71 Filling station Diesel Sâncraiu 95 Extra Standard Standard 72 PETROM Huedin gasoline 99 gasoline 95 Diesel EfixS Efix ROMPETROL EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 73 Gasoline Gasoline Huedin PARTNER 55 51 98 95 Efix ROMPETROL Efix Diesel 74 Gasoline Aghireșu EXPRES 51 95 Ecto Sport Euroluk Euro L 75 LUKOIL Huedin 98 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Efix ROMPETROL Efix Diesel 76 Gasoline Aghireșu EXPRES 51 95 Unleaded Tempo 77 MOL Huedin 95 Diesel EfixS Efix ROMPETROL EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 78 Gasoline Gasoline Poieni PARTNER 55 51 98 95 ROMPETROL Gasoline 79 LPG Diesel Poieni PARTNER 95 Efix ROMPETROL Efix Diesel 80 Gasoline Bonțida EXPRES 51 95 Gasoline 81 Filling station LPG Diesel Ţaga 95 Gasoline 82 Filling station Diesel Vultureni 95 137 Type of fuel sold No. Name TAU location Premium Standard Premium Standard LPG Biofuel gasoline gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline 83 DHR LPG Diesel + Diesel Gherla 95 Extra Standard Extra Standard 84 PETROM Gherla gasoline 99 gasoline 95 Diesel Diesel 85 DHR LPG Dej Maxx Maxx Maxx OMV 86 OMV Motion Motion Dej Motion 95 Diesel 100 Diesel Unleaded Evo Diesel Tempo 87 MOL EVO 99 Dej 95 Plus Diesel EfixS Efix EfixS Diesel Efix Diesel 88 ROMPETROL LPG Gasoline Gasoline Dej 55 51 98 95 Ecto Sport Euroluk Ecto Super Euro L 89 LUKOIL Dej 98 COR 95 Bio Diesel Bio Diesel Bio Extra Standard Extra Standard 90 PETROM Dej gasoline 99 gasoline 95 Diesel Diesel Efix Efix diesel 91 ROMPETROL Dej gasoline 95 51 Source: authors, gazonline.ro 138 Figure 67 – Territorial distribution of filling station in Cluj County Source: authors The 91 stations are part of both large distribution chains and small local distributors with limited capacity and services. To that extent, the companies with the most filling stations operating in Cluj County are the following: LUKOIL (13 stations), MOL (12 stations), PETROM (10 stations), OMV (8 stations), ROMPETROL (8 stations), ROMPETROL PARTENER (6 stations), ROMPETROL EXPRES (4 stations), DHR (5 stations) SOCAR (2 stations), GAZPROM (1 station). Together, they own 69 filling stations, which accounts for more than 75% of total stations, the other 25% consisting of local distributors (limited liability companies) owning no more than one station. The petroleum products sold by those stations cover the entire demand, from standard to high octane and high-additive content fuels. Moreover, 25 stations also sell LPG for vehicles converted to accept this type of fuel. However, no station is fitted with electric charging outlets for electric vehicles. The spatial distribution of filling stations shows they are massively concentrated in cities, with 61 of the 92 stations being located in one of the six urban localities of Cluj County, which accounts for more than 66% of total stations.Moreover, one can notice their spatial concentration along the river basins (Someșu Mic, Arieș, Crișul Repede), where the upper category roads (European, national) are also to be found, and a dispersion or even their total absence towards the peripheral areas of the county (Fig. 68), resulting in a low accessibility to this category of infrastructure for the population.Thus, the distancefrom the nearest filling stationis over 40 km in some regions, such asin the northern part of the Apuseni Mountains (Măguri 139 Răcătău, Poiana Horea communes), the Someșan Plateau (Panticeu, Recea Cristur and Bobâlna communes), theCiceu Hills (Chiuiești commune). There are also regions where localitiesare 20 to 40 km away from the filling stations, in communes such as: Ploscoș, Sic, Unguraș, Negreni, Valea Ierii. As the distance from the filling stations increases, so will the costs incurred by the beneficiaries since they need to travel additional distances to refuel their vehicles(Fig. 68). Figure 68– Distance from localities and spatial concentration level of filling stations in Cluj County Source: authors The city with the most stations is Cluj-Napoca, which currently has 38 stations, followed by Turda with 8 stations, Dej with 7 stations, Huedin with 4 stations, Câmpia Turzii and Gherla with 2 stations, the remaining 31 stations being located in rural areas, and also concentrated along main thoroughfares. This fact is indicative of an overcrowding of filling stations in the city of Cluj-Napoca, a situation otherwise natural, a concentration of stations in other cities and main thoroughfares, and a nearly total lack of stations in rural areas, which causes a certain level of discomfort, additional costs and hassle when fueling cars and other vehicles. The distances from the nearest stations grow significantly in this form of territorial distribution, which means that in certain areas of the county there is an increased risk of running out of fuel, since the nearest filling stations are only found dozens of kilometers away. Such a situation is met in the Northern Apuseni Mountains, where some localities are more than 40 km away from the nearest station, while other distances vary from 20 to 40 km in the entire area. The same situation is also found in the Someș Plateau in the north-west of the county (the communes of Recea-Cristur, Bobâlna, Vad), in the 140 northern part of the county (the Chiuiești commune), and in localities on the eastern boundary of the county. 2.5. Charging stations The electric car is the car of the future, and today we already witness the emergence of an adequate infrastructure for this type of car. Charging stations are vital for operating such cars, whose range still remain relatively low. Thus, to promote the use of electric cars, the lowering of productions costs needs to be complemented by an expansion of charging stations (Fig. 69) Figure 69 – Charging station, Mall VIVO Source: https://www.plugshare.com/ location/179522). In all of Romania, and therefore in Cluj County, this concept is quite new and hence charging stations are in limited numbers and mainly found in urban centers (Table 30). 141 Table 30.Electric vehicle charging stations in Cluj County Type of Charging No. Location Address Hours Parking charging outlets outlet 11 Avram Iancu 492-500, 1 Mall VIVO 24/7 Free 2 Type 2 Florești 370 Eroilor street, Florești Mo-Fr 08:00- 2 Autoworld VW Free 1 Type 2 407280 18:00 125 1 Decembrie 1918 Mo-Fr 07:00- 3 Cora Hypermarket Free 2 Type 2 Blvd., Cluj-Napoca 22:00 Golden Tulip Ana 129 Observatorului 4 Dome Hotel Cluj- 24/7 Free 2 Wall (Euro) street, Cluj-Napoca Napoca 249 Calea Turzii, Cluj- Mo-Fr 08:00- 5 Autoworld Audi Free 2 Type 2 Napoca 18:00 11 3 Marin Sorescu, Cluj- Mo-Fr 08:00- 6 Terax Free 1 Type 2 Napoca 17:00 2 Trifoiului street, Cluj- 7 Grand Hotel Italia 24/7 Free 2 Type 2 Napoca 9 Neagră street, 8 Lol et Lola Hotel 24/7 Free 1 Type 2 Cluj-Napoca 8 PetruMaior street, 9 City Hall Parking 24/7 Paid 3 Type 2 Cluj-Napoca 1 CHAdeMO Unirii Square, 10 Unirii Parking Lot 24/7 Paid 1 Type 2 Cluj-Napoca 1 CCS/SAE 19 Magaziei street, 11 ARY Hotel 24/7 Free 1 Three Phase Cluj-Napoca Liberty 21 Gării street, 12 24/7 Free 1 Type 2 Technology Park Cluj-Napoca 4 Type 2 4-5 1 Mai Square, Mo-Fr 08:00- 13 General Security Free 1 CCS/SAE Cluj-Napoca 17:00 1 CHAdeMO 142 Type of Charging No. Location Address Hours Parking charging outlets outlet 2 Type 2 Mo-Sa: 07:00- 12 Fabricii street, 22:30 14 KauflandMărăști Free 1 CCS/SAE Cluj-Napoca Sun: 08:00-20:00 1 CHAdeMO 53-55 Alexandru Only for 15 Hotel Univers T VaidaVoevod street, 24/7 the hotel 1 Type 2 Cluj-Napoca customers 53b Alexandru 16 Iulius Mall Cluj VaidaVoevod street, 24/7 Free 2 Type 2 Cluj-Napoca Must ask 289 Muncii Blvd, Mo-Fr 07:00- for key to 17 Medisprof 3 Type 2 Cluj-Napoca 21:00 start station 15 Clujului street, Mo-Fr 08:00- 18 RMB Inter Auto Free 1 Type 3 Cluj-Napoca 18:00 Mo-Sa: 07:30- 21:30 134 CaleaVictoriei, 19 Kaufland Turda Free 1 Type 2 Turda Sun: 08:00 - 18:00 Telekom România Aleea 1 Mai B4, 20 24/7 Free 1 Type 2 Communications Huedin Source: http://masinaelectrica.ro/harta-statii-incarcare Currently, no filling station in Cluj County offers chargers for electric cars. There are 20 charging stations in Cluj County, grouped in three cities: 18 stations in Cluj-Napoca, 1 station in Turda and 1 station in Huedin (Fig. 70). 143 Figure 70 – Territorial distribution of charging stations in Cluj County Source: authors The 20 stations from Cluj County are either located at shopping malls, hotels, hypermarkets, car dealerships or international companies, and are mainly intended to serve own customers. They are complemented by two public parking lots with own stations from the city of Cluj-Napoca. The 20 stations offer five different types of charging connectors: Type 2, CHAdeMO,CCS/SAE, Three Phase, Wall (Euro), with opening hours varying from 24/7 to the company's business hours. Besides the three cities (Cluj-Napoca, Turda and Huedin), there are no other localities in Cluj County with charging stations for electric cars, a situation which limits areas accessible by electric cars and particularly deters people from purchasing such a vehicle. 2.6. Parking, stopping and standing spaces These represent additional features of the road infrastructure, which fulfil the needs of motorists for safe stopping, rest, relaxation and return to the physical and psychological conditions required for travelling. They are also complemented by the desire of tourists to explore and to eat, rest, relax and be informed. Therefore, the parking, stopping and standing spaces become a prerequisite for a smooth traffic. They must be provided on higher classification roads (I, II and III), and are optional in case of lower capacity roads (IV and V). 144 In terms of Cluj County’s road network, parking, stopping and standing spaces are only provided on national roads, but not on other roads. Thus, there are 71 such spaces on national roads in Cluj County, with the most being found along DN 1 (34), followed by DN 1C with 11 lots, DN 1F with 7 lots, VOCE with 5 lots, DN 1R, DN 16 and DN 75 with three lots each, and the remaining roads with two lots each. Based on the area of parking, stopping and standing lots, the situation is as follows (Table 31). Table 31. Size classes of parking, stopping and standing spaces on the national and motorway network in Cluj County Parking area Size class Share out of total No. Parking lots (m2) (%) 1 < 200 Very small 13 18.31 2 200.1 - 300 Small 28 39.44 3 300.1 - 400 Medium 7 9.86 4 400.1 - 500 Large 8 11.27 5 > 500 Very large 15 21.12 6 Total 71 100.00 Source: authors Figure 71 – Parking, stopping and standing space on DN 1, E81, Vâlcele locality in Cluj County Source: https://www.google.ro/maps 145 The most numerous are the small (39.44%) and very large spaces (21.12%), followed by very small (18.31%), large (11.27%) and medium (9.86%) spaces. These spaces vary from a simple bay with no features to spaces fitted with urban furniture (table, chairs, garbage bins) or complex parking lots with accommodation units, food services, car services and filling stations (Fig. 71, Fig. 72). Figure 72 – Parking, stopping and standing space on DN 1, E 60, city of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County Source: https://www.google.ro/maps Figure 73– Parking, stopping and standing space on DN 1, E 60, Șăula locality, Cluj County Source: https://www.google.ro/maps 146 The state of endowments in such parking lots leave a lot to be desired many times, as they are not upgraded and not offering minimum conditions of comfort and access. Most of the times, litter is not picked up from the bins that are insufficient in size, and trash is hence thrown on pavement and rapidly scattered on the roadway, causing environment and visual pollution (Fig. 73). It should also be noted that no such spaces are fitted with charging stations for electric vehicles The territorial distribution of parking spaces shows they are clustered along main thoroughfares (national roads and ring roads) and completely lacking from the motorway stretches on the Territory of Cluj County, and from county and communal roads (Table 32, Fig. 74). Table 32. Parking, stopping and standing spaces on the national roads and motorways of Cluj County with an area above 100 m2 Position in relation No. Road number Position km Closest locality Area (m2) to road 1 DN 1 434+950 D Unirea 258.30 2 DN 1 440+280 S Turda 210.90 3 DN 1 450+138 D Copăceni 425.25 4 DN 1 460+940 D Mărtinești 440.00 5 DN 1 461+450 D Mărtinești 512.30 6 DN 1 462+376 D Vâlcele 380.00 7 DN 1 463+150 D Vâlcele 220.00 8 DN 1 463+150 S Vâlcele 220.00 9 DN 1 465+940 D Feleacu 380.00 10 DN 1 466+250 S Feleacu 896.00 11 DN 1 469+900 D Cluj-Napoca 260.00 12 DN 1 470+150 D Cluj-Napoca 1160.00 13 DN 1 498+320 D Gilau 152.00 14 DN 1 498+858 D Gilau 240.00 15 DN 1 505+075 D Căpușu Mare 216.00 16 DN 1 507+406 S Căpușu Mare 414.00 17 DN 1 507+820 D Căpușu Mare 910.00 18 DN 1 514+900 D Păniceni 248.00 147 Position in relation No. Road number Position km Closest locality Area (m2) to road 19 DN 1 518+200 S IzvoruCrișului 384.00 20 DN 1 523+450 D Șaula 286.00 21 DN 1 524+050 D Huedin 216.00 22 DN 1 532+000 S Huedin 352.50 23 DN 1 533+650 S Huedin 270.00 24 DN 1 533+680 D Huedin 150.00 25 DN 1 535+375 S Bologa 306.00 26 DN 1 535+450 D Bologa 120.00 27 DN 1 537+022 D Bologa 192.00 28 DN 1 537+868 S Bologa 216.00 29 DN 1 538+035 D Bologa 202.50 30 DN 1 546+455 D Poieni 390.50 31 DN 1 547+145 S Ciucea 275.00 32 DN 1 548+385 S Ciucea 336.00 33 DN 1 550+850 S Ciucea 1400.00 34 DN 1 553+750 S Negreni 100.00 35 DN 15 5+400 S Turda 291.50 36 DN 15 20+100 S Luncani 1377.00 37 DN 16 3+670 D Apahida 220.50 38 DN 16 11+050 D Căianu Vamă 288.00 39 DN 16 19+850 D GhirișuRomân 232.00 40 DN 75 135+175 D Vidolm 119.00 41 DN 75 145+500 S Buru 144.00 42 DN 75 154+500 S Cornești 201.60 148 Position in relation No. Road number Position km Closest locality Area (m2) to road 43 DN 1C 10+620 D Sânicoară 135.00 44 DN 1C 10+800 D Sânicoară 135.00 45 DN 1C 16+700 S Apahida 240.00 46 DN 1C 19+520 D Jucu 228.00 47 DN 1C 38+300 D Livada 504.00 48 DN 1C 49+000 D Bunești 435.00 49 DN 1C 53+630 D Dej 255.00 50 DN 1C 74+400 S Câțcău 4000.00 51 DN 1C 74+400 D Câțcău 4000.00 52 DN 1C 76+600 S Căpâlna 240.00 53 DN 1C 76+840 D Căpâlna 236.00 54 DN 1F 10+900 S Rădaia 240.00 55 DN 1F 12+950 D Mera 220.00 56 DN 1F 21+660 S Sânpaul 268.00 57 DN 1F 28+450 D Mihăiești 232.00 58 DN 1F 32+920 S Topa Mică 140.00 59 DN 1F 33+080 S Topa Mică 400.00 60 DN 1F 34+760 S Topa Mică 148.00 61 DN 1J 5+150 S Căpușu Mic 228.00 62 DN 1R 16+800 S Călățele 197.00 63 DN 1R 52+850 D Lacul Fântânele 9524.00 1.0000 DN 1R 58+520 D Poiana Horii 431.00 65 VOCE 3+275 S Vâlcea 644.00 66 VOCE 6+450 D Gheorghe 514.50 149 Position in relation No. Road number Position km Closest locality Area (m2) to road 67 VOCE 13+400 S Apahida 692.00 68 VOCE 20+266 D Apahida 588.00 69 VOCE 20+730 S Apahida 588.00 70 VOCNE 3+622 D Cluj-Napoca 420.00 71 VOCNE 4+230 S Cluj Napoca 462.00 Cluj County Total 41957.35 Source: DRDP Cluj-Napoca Figure 74 – Distribution of parking, stopping and standing spaces on the national roads and motorways of Cluj County with an area above 100 m2 Source: authors This situation causes discomfort for motorists, particularly on very long and heavily trafficked county roads. 150 2.7. Road traffic Road traffic on functional roads is an expression of the social and economic development of a territory. This differs in territorial and temporal terms according to the layout of the road network, the number of registered vehicles, the technical class and the state of public roads, the population numbers of localities, the territorial distribution of operating enterprises, the commuter numbers and the distance to workplaces, etc. The road traffic levels are determined based on the road census and forecasts, based on current rules and regulations. Such rules and regulations also establish the traffic levels (Table 33). The data in table 33 shows that traffic levels are a decisive criterion in establishing the class of a road, in addition to the number of traffic lanes and the type of recommended road structure. When roads are categorized into classes I and II, consideration must be given, besides strictly technical aspects, to environmental, heritage conservation and the overall spatial development policy, and to removing current barriers in order to achieve interconnections and interoperability with European thoroughfares. Roads falling into class V, also considering their functional category in the road network, may be single lanes roads provided they have junctions at distances ensuring good visibility on the oncoming traffic, but not above 250–300 m. Table 33. Classification of roads based on traffic levels Traffic characteristics Annual daily average level Calculated hourly level Type of Class of Traffic level recommended public road Standard Actual Standard Actual road vehicle vehicle vehicle vehicle number number number number I Very high >21000 >16000 >3000 >2200 Motorways II High 11001-21000 8001-16000 1401-3000 1001-2200 Four-lane roads III Medium 4501-11000 3501-8000 551-1400 401-1000 Two-lane roads IV Low 1000-4500 750-3500 100-550 75-400 Two-lane roads V Very low <1000 <750 <100 <75 1/2 lane road Source: Ministry of Transport – Technical rules establishing classes of public roads, 30 August 2017 In view of all these regulatory provisions, an assessment of road traffic in Cluj County reveals a series of particular and even significant aspects that need to be resolved as soon as possible. The statistical analysis of traffic is based on a road census carried out by CESTRIN (The Road and IT Study Center) in 2015 and its forecasts. The census involved the monitoring of certain sections along the most crowded national and county roads. Communal roads were only exceptionally considered. This census, by selecting and analyzing the classified roads (motorways, European and national, county and communal roads) within Cluj County, emphasizes the following relevant aspects: 1). In 2015, from the entire network of classified roads, 142 road sections were reviewed and forecasts for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 were prepared. 2). The values of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the road sections reveal the distribution across all the five categories of roads (Table 34, Fig. 75). 151 3). Most of the reviewed road sections fall into the V category (0-750 AADT) (61 sections in 2015), on a decreasing trend (56 sections in 2020; 52 sections in 2025 and 50 sections 2030), which proves an increase of traffic levels in the future also on roads falling into class IV(750-3500 AADT). 4). With regard to roads with AADT between 750-3500 units falling into class IV, an increase in the number of sections was found (from 28 in 2015 to 34 in 2025), again due to an increase in traffic levels. 5). The number of road sections with AADT between 3500 and 8000 from class III remained steady during the analyzed period, i.e. 12-13. 6). In case of AADT class II (8000-16000), the number of sections was found to fall from 20 to 17, occurring on the European roads within the county (DN 1, DN 1C, DN 1 F, DN 15 etc.), due to the high concentration and increase of traffic above the reference thresholds of this class. Table 34. Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the classified roads reviewed in Cluj County Years Traffic Road Traffic 2015 2020 2025 2030 No. level class categor level type Sectio Sectio Sectio Sectio (AADT) y (%) (%) (%) (%) n nos. n Nos. n Nos. n Nos. Extremely 1 > 64000 I++ 0 0.00 1 0.70 1 0.70 1 0.70 high 32001- 2 Very high I+ 3 2.11 8 5.63 11 7.75 13 9.15 64000 16001- 3 Very high I 17 11.97 13 9.15 13 9.15 14 9.86 32000 8001- 4 High II 20 14.08 22 15.49 19 13.38 17 11.97 16000 5 3501-8000 Medium III 13 9.15 12 8.45 12 8.45 13 9.15 6 751-3500 Short IV 28 19.72 30 21.13 34 23.94 34 23.94 7 1-750 Very low V 61 42.96 56 39.44 52 36.62 50 35.21 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 Total road sections reviewed 142 142 142 142 0 0 0 0 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 152 Figure 75 – Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the classified roads reviewed in Cluj County (nr. vehicole) 2030 > 64000 2025 2020 32001-64000 2015 16001-32000 8001-16000 3501-8000 751-3500 (nr. 1-750 tronsoane drum) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 ). One can notice the emergence of certain classified road sections with traffic levels similar to those of class I (motorways), which however occur on national roads (DN 1, DN 1C, DN 1 F, DN 17, and ring roads) within the city of Cluj-Napoca and its metropolitan area, and the cities of Turda and Dej. On certain sections of the above-mentioned roads, traffic levels exceed by 50% or 100% the reference threshold of 16,000 physical units, which causes an overcrowding of the infrastructure and permanent traffic jams and congestion, with many side effects (delays, pollution, stress, accidents, accelerated degradation of the road infrastructure, etc.) (Table 35). Table 35.The absolute and relative increase of road sections with traffic levels (AADT) in the reviewed road network in Cluj County Absolute and relative increase Traffic level class 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2015-2030 No. (AADT) Section Section Section Section (%) (%) (%) (%) Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. 1 >64000 +1 +100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 +1 +100.00 2 32001-64000 +5 +166.67 +3 +37.50 +2 +18.18 +10 +333.33 3 16001-32000 -4 -23.53 0 0.00 +1 +7.69 -3 -17.65 4 8001-16000 +2 +10.00 -3 -13.64 -2 -10.53 -3 -15.00 5 3501-8000 -1 -7.69 0 0.00 +1 +8.33 0 0.00 6 751-3500 +2 +7.14 +4 +13.33 0 0.00 +6 +21.43 7 1-750 -5 -8.20 -4 -7.14 -2 -3.85 -11 -18.03 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 153 Such a classified road section is that connecting Florești and Cluj -Napoca, where traffic levels currently exceed by 100% the reference threshold for motorways (Fig. 76). Figure 76 – Road traffic intensity on DN 1, Cluj-Napoca – Florești section, July 2019, 21.00 hours Source: authors Traffic levels are expected to exceed 87,000 units by 2030, which will be 250% above the reference threshold for class I – a situation hard to imagine given the current network configuration. Another sector with a massive traffic spike is DN 1C, between Cluj-Napoca and Jucu (TETAROM III Park) (Fig. 77, 78). Figure 77 – Road traffic intensity on DN 1C, Cluj-Napoca – Apahida section, Sânicoară locality, July 2019, 20.00 hours Source: authors 154 Figure 78 – Road traffic intensity on DN 1C, Cluj-Napoca – Apahida section, Jucu locality, July 2019, 19.00 hours Source: authors The traffic levels of this road are 100% above the reference values for class I roads. The actual traffic levels and the traffic forecasts 2020, 2025 and 2030 on the reviewed national roads are detailed in Table 36. Table 36. Road traffic (AADT) on motorways and national roads in Cluj County Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2015 6836 Câmpia 2020 8032 Turzii - Turda 2025 8968 1 A3 2030 10020 2015 6901 Turda - Gilău 2020 8100 155 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2025 9045 2030 1014 2015 9800 2020 11564 Negreni 2025 13034 2030 14602 2015 9811 2020 11577 Ciucea 2025 13049 2030 14618 2015 9516 2020 11229 2 DN 1 Huedin 2025 12656 2030 14179 2015 10262 2020 12109 IzvoruCrișu lui 2025 13648 2030 15290 2015 9865 2020 11641 Căpuș 2025 13120 2030 14699 156 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2015 11802 2020 13926 Gilău 2025 15697 2030 17585 2015 16592 2020 19579 Luna de Sus 2025 22067 2030 24722 2015 58660 2020 69219 Florești 2025 78018 2030 87403 2015 28893 2020 34094 Cluj- Napoca 2025 38428 2030 43051 2015 41655 2020 49153 Cluj- Napoca 2025 55401 2030 62066 2015 26720 Cluj- Napoca 2020 31530 157 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2025 35538 2030 39813 2015 30768 2020 36306 Cluj- Napoca 2025 40921 2030 45844 2015 22587 2020 26653 Cluj- Napoca 2025 30041 2030 33655 2015 31183 Cluj- 2020 36796 Napoca 2025 41473 2030 46463 2015 17499 2020 20649 Tureni 2025 23274 2030 26074 2015 16952 2020 20003 Turda 2025 22546 2030 25258 158 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2015 9393 2020 11084 Cășei 2025 12493 2030 13996 2015 19954 2020 23546 Dej 2025 26539 2030 29731 2015 11112 2020 13112 Nima 2025 14779 3 DN 1C 2030 16557 2015 15777 2020 18617 Fundătura 2025 20983 2030 23508 2015 3727 2020 4398 Apahida 2025 4957 2030 5553 2015 10593 Dezmir 2020 12500 159 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2025 14089 2030 15784 2015 20346 Cluj- 2020 24008 Napoca (airport 2025 27060 area) 2030 30316 2015 27888 Cluj- 2020 32908 Napoca (Someșeni) 2025 37091 2030 41553 2015 30436 Cluj- 2020 35914 Napoca (Mărăști) 2025 40480 2030 45350 2015 5195 2020 6130 Sânpaul 2025 6909 2030 7741 4 DN 1F 2015 12429 2020 14666 Rădaia 2025 16531 2030 18519 160 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2015 24124 2020 28466 Baciu 2025 32085 2030 35945 2015 26762 2020 31579 Cluj- Napoca 2025 35593 2030 39875 2015 2043 2020 2411 5 DN 1J Viștea 2025 2717 2030 3044 2015 4868 2020 5744 Dezmir 2025 6474 2030 7253 6 DN 1N 2015 4582 2020 5406 Vâlcele 2025 6094 2030 6827 2015 4533 7 DN 1R Huedin 2020 5349 161 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2025 6029 2030 6754 2015 525 2020 619 Călățele 2025 698 2030 782 2015 378 2020 446 Poiana Horea 2025 502 2030 563 2015 10207 2020 12044 Câmpia Turzii 2025 13575 2030 15208 8 DN 15 2015 9642 2020 11377 Month 2025 12824 2030 14366 2015 2535 2020 2991 9 DN 16 Căianu 2025 3371 2030 3777 162 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2015 13977 2020 16492 10 DN 17 Cuzdrioara 2025 18589 2030 20825 2015 1808 2020 2133 11 DN 18B Cășeiu 2025 2404 2030 2693 2015 4999 2020 5899 Mihai 12 DN 75 Viteazu 2025 6649 2030 7448 2015 9728 2020 11479 Cluj- Napoca 2025 12938 2030 14494 2015 VAC 13 (Apahida- 2020 12766 Cluj) Sub Coastă 2025 16979 15064 2030 19021 2015 11934 14 VGH Bunești 2020 14082 163 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Referenc No. section name e year name 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2025 15872 2030 17781 2015 7799 2020 9203 Cluj- Napoca 2025 10373 2030 11620 2015 7380 2020 8708 15 VOCNE Tetarom II 2025 9815 2030 10996 2015 8652 2020 10209 Sub Coastă 2025 11507 2030 12891 2015 13259 2020 15646 Cluj- 16 VTCJ Napoca 2025 17634 2030 19756 Source: CESTRIN, 2015 A detailed analysis of traffic levels on national roads reveals an increasing trend of traffic on most roads above class III, considering that almost all national roads in Cluj County fall within this class (except for a few sections with two-lane roads: DN 1 – Turda-Cluj and Cluj-Florești sections, DN 1C – Dej sector). Thus, in 2015, out of the 51 national road sections reviewed, only 10 fell within traffic class III, 5 sections had traffic levels similar to that of IV and V classes, 19 sections had class II-equivalent traffic, and 17 sections had class-I traffic, out of which 3 sections surpassed by 100% the traffic levels of that class (Table 37). 164 Table 37.Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County Years Traffic level Traffic level Road 2015 2020 2025 2030 No. class (AADT) type category Section Section Section Section (%) (%) (%) (%) Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Extremely 1 > 64000 I++ 0 0.00 1 1.96 1 1.96 1 1.96 high 32001- 2 Very high I+ 3 5.88 7 13.73 10 19.61 11 21.57 64000 16001- 3 Very high I 14 27.45 11 21.57 11 21.57 13 25.49 32000 4 8001-16000 High II 19 37.25 21 41.18 18 35.29 15 29.41 5 3501-8000 Medium III 10 19.61 6 11.76 6 11.76 7 13.73 6 751-3500 Short IV 3 5.88 3 5.88 3 5.88 3 5.88 7 1-750 Very low V 2 3.92 2 3.92 2 3.92 1 1.96 100.0 8 Total road sections reviewed 51 100.00 51 51 100.00 51 100.00 0 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 This situation clearly proves a steep rise of traffic on nearly all national roads in Cluj County, which currently have a role of a main network. It is worthnoting that the traffic on A3 motorway is below class I because the traffic vectors it serves are currently limited by the works being carried over its entire length, the current section in use serving rather as a ring road than an actual motorway. The traffic forecasts for the national roads of Cluj County outline a clear growing trend of traffic levels towards and an aggregation thereof across higher classes (Fig. 79). 165 Figure 79– Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County (nr. vehicole) > 64000 2030 2025 2020 32001-64000 2015 16001-32000 8001-16000 3501-8000 751-3500 1-750 (nr. sectoare drum) 0 5 10 15 20 25 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 Thus, the national road sections with a class III traffic are expected to fall from 10 to 6 in 2020, which will also witness an increased number of class II traffic sections. The national road sections with class I road traffic will be fewer, but there will be an increase of sections with 100% more traffic as compared to the relevant reference values for the class. As regards the 2025 and 2030 road traffic level, this tends to increase on the already crowded sections of today, but on other sections as well, with forecasts indicating that more than 10 road sections will have 100% more traffic than the reference values of class I (Table 38). Table 38. The absolute and relative increase of road sections with traffic levels (AADT) in the reviewed national road network in Cluj County Absolute and relative increase Traffic level class 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2015-2030 No. (AADT) Section Section Section Section (%) (%) (%) (%) Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. 1 >64000 +1 +100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 +1 +100.00 2 32001-64000 +4 +133.33 +3 +42.86 +1 +10.00 +8 +266.67 3 16001-32000 -3 -21.43 0 0.00 +2 +18.18 -1 -7.14 4 8001-16000 +2 +10.53 -3 -14.29 -3 -16.67 -4 -21.05 5 3501-8000 -4 -40.00 0 0.00 +1 +16.67 -3 -30.00 6 751-3500 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 1-750 0 0.00 0 0.00 -1 -50.00 -1 -50.00 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 166 This situation leads to one major conclusion, i.e. the national road infrastructure of Cluj County is overwhelmed by the current and forecasted traffic levels, which calls for identifying and adopting swift solutions to avoid a collapse of the existing network due to its inability to support traffic! In case of county roads, the traffic situation appear normal for now and for the near future. Most of the traffic levels fall within class IV for county roads, and even below that. There are some county road section with a traffic exceeding class IV, which however are found within cities or metropolitan areas, where several urban, transit and county traffic vectors overlap. Such a situation is met on DJ 103G - the Cluj- Napoca section (district of Gheorghieni), DJ 107M - Luna de Sus section, DJ 108B – Dej section, DJ 109A – Cluj-Napoca and Chinteni sections, or DJ 150 – Câmpia Turzii section (Table 39). Table 39.Road traffic (AADT) on county roads in Cluj County Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2015 642 2020 751 Moldovenești 2025 815 2030 886 2015 470 2020 550 Cheia 2025 597 1 DJ 103G 2030 649 2015 833 2020 975 Tureni 2025 1058 2030 1150 2015 402 Ceanu Mic 2020 470 2025 510 167 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 555 2015 606 2020 709 Aiton 2025 770 2030 836 2015 2392 2020 2799 Gheorghe 2025 3038 2030 3301 2015 2526 2020 2955 Cluj-Napoca (Borhanci) 2025 3208 2030 3486 2015 11542 2020 13504 Cluj-Napoca (Gheorgheni) 2025 14658 2030 15928 2015 509 2020 596 Bologa 2 DJ 103H 2025 646 2030 702 Scrind-Frăsinet 2015 82 168 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 96 2025 104 2030 113 2015 701 2020 820 Sâncraiu - Săcuieu 2025 890 2030 967 3 DJ 103J 2015 93 Săcuieu – 2020 109 Cabana Vlădeasa 2025 118 2030 128 2015 600 2020 702 4 DJ 103K Căpuș - Beliș 2025 762 2030 828 2015 258 2020 301 Mănăstirea – 5 DJ 103L Râșca 2025 327 2030 356 2015 536 6 DJ 103M Vâlcele - Aiton 2020 627 2025 681 169 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 740 2015 242 2020 283 Stolna 2025 307 2030 334 7 DJ 103V 2015 165 2020 193 Vălișoara 2025 210 2030 228 2015 269 2020 314 8 DJ 105S Pata 2025 342 2030 371 2015 689 2020 806 9 DJ 105T Popești 2025 875 2030 951 2015 374 2020 438 Finișel 10 DJ 107J 2025 475 2030 516 Valea Ierii 2015 264 170 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 309 2025 335 2030 364 2015 624 2020 730 Turda – Petrești 2025 792 2030 861 11 DJ 107L 2015 122 2020 143 Petrești - Lita 2025 155 2030 168 2015 3229 2020 3778 Luna de Sus 2025 4101 2030 4456 2015 980 12 DJ 107M 2020 1147 Săvădisla 2025 1245 2030 1352 2015 1114 Băișoara 2020 1303 2025 1415 171 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 1537 2015 994 2020 1163 Someșu Rece 2025 1262 2030 1373 13 DJ 107N 2015 459 2020 537 Valea Ierii 2025 583 2030 633 2015 2745 2020 3212 Gilau 2025 3486 2030 3788 14 DJ 107P 2015 357 2020 418 Mărișel 2025 453 2030 493 2015 1866 2020 2183 Cluj-Napoca 15 DJ 107R 2025 2370 2030 2575 Sălicea 2015 1425 172 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 1667 2025 1810 2030 1966 2015 93 2020 109 Filea de Jos 2025 118 2030 128 2015 403 2020 471 Muntele Băișorii 2025 512 2030 556 2015 276 2020 323 16 DJ 107S Gura Râșca 2025 351 2030 381 2015 128 2020 150 Mărișel 2025 163 17 DJ 107T 2030 177 2015 314 Măguri- 2020 367 Răcătău 2025 399 173 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 433 2015 1338 2020 1565 Ciucea - 18 DJ 108A Vânători 2025 1699 2030 1846 2015 6138 2020 7181 Dej 2025 7795 2030 8470 19 DJ 108B 2015 316 2020 370 Bobâlna 2025 401 2030 436 2015 1257 2020 1471 Gârbău 2025 1596 2030 1735 20 DJ 108C 2015 359 2020 420 Mănăstireni 2025 451 2030 495 Mărgău 2015 406 174 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 475 2025 516 2030 560 2015 388 2020 454 Răchițele 2025 493 2030 535 2015 298 2020 349 Bihor County 21 DJ 108K border 2025 378 2030 411 2015 781 2020 914 Răscruci 2025 992 2030 1078 22 DJ 109 2015 519 2020 607 Vultureni 2025 659 2030 716 2015 25027 Cluj-Napoca 23 DJ 109A (Maramureșulu 2020 29282 i street) 2025 31784 175 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 34537 2015 21530 2020 25190 Cluj-Napoca (Oașului street) 2025 27343 2030 29711 2015 5154 Cluj-Napoca 2020 6030 (Valea Chintăului) 2025 6546 2030 7113 2015 5031 2020 5886 Chinteni 2025 6389 2030 6943 2015 2267 2020 2652 Chinteni - Panticeu 2025 2879 2030 3128 2015 540 2020 632 Panticeu - Căprioara 2025 686 2030 745 Ciubanca 2015 188 176 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 220 2025 239 2030 260 2015 357 2020 418 24 DJ 109B Fundătura 2025 453 2030 493 2015 1634 2020 1912 Gherla - Țaga 2025 2075 2030 2255 25 DJ 109C 2015 472 2020 552 Țaga – Cămărașu 2025 600 2030 651 2015 1294 2020 1514 Gherla - Sic 2025 1643 26 DJ 109D 2030 1786 2015 389 Sic – Juc- 2020 455 Herghelie 2025 494 177 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 537 2015 530 2020 620 27 DJ 109E ViileDejului 2025 673 2030 731 2015 161 2020 188 28 DJ 109S Vechea 2025 204 2030 222 2015 237 2020 277 29 DJ 109V Cluj-Napoca 2025 301 2030 327 2015 3285 2020 3843 Câmpia Turzii – Ceanu Mare 2025 4172 2030 4533 30 DJ 150 2015 1030 Ceanu Mare - 2020 1205 Soporu de Câmpie 2025 1308 2030 1421 2015 689 178 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 806 Soporu de 2025 875 Câmpie - Frata 2030 951 2015 1130 2020 1322 31 DJ 151C Tritenii de Jos 2025 1435 2030 1559 2015 1080 2020 1264 Căianu – Bonțida 2025 1372 2030 1490 2015 239 2020 280 Luna de Jos - 32 DJ 161 Panticeu 2025 304 2030 330 2015 188 2020 220 Panticeu - Sărata 2025 239 2030 260 2015 528 Apahida - 33 DJ 161A 2020 618 Cojocna 2025 671 179 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 729 2015 454 2020 531 Cojocna – Ceanu Mare 2025 577 2030 627 2015 274 2020 321 Turda – Ploscoș 2025 348 2030 378 34 DJ 161B 2015 591 2020 692 Turda – Călărași-Gară 2025 751 2030 816 2015 651 2020 762 35 DJ 161C Iclod - Pintic 2025 827 2030 898 2015 330 2020 386 Jichișu de Sus - Dej 36 DJ 161D 2025 419 2030 455 2015 857 180 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 1003 Dej – Valea 2025 1088 Ungurașului 2030 1183 2015 396 Valea 2020 463 Ungurașului – Târgușor 2025 503 2030 546 2015 249 2020 291 Târgușor – DivicioriiMici 2025 316 2030 344 2015 198 2020 232 37 DJ 161E Buza 2025 252 2030 273 2015 66 2020 77 Feldioara 2025 84 2030 91 2015 427 38 DJ 161G Vaida-Cămăraș 2020 500 2025 542 181 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2030 589 2015 370 2020 433 39 DJ 161H Suatu 2025 470 2030 511 2015 172 2020 201 40 DJ 161J Zorenii de Vale 2025 219 2030 237 2015 314 2020 367 41 DJ 161K Căianu-Vamă 2025 399 2030 433 2015 595 2020 696 42 DJ 172A Țaga 2025 756 2030 821 2015 1742 2020 2038 Gherla - Mănăstirea 43 DJ 172F 2025 2212 2030 2404 2015 1267 182 Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) I++ I+ I II III IV V Road Road section Referenc No. name name e year 16001 32001- 8001- 3501- 750- >64000 - <750 64000 16000 8000 3500 32000 2020 1482 Mănăstirea – 2025 1610 Braniștea 2030 1748 2015 253 Bihor County 2020 296 44 DJ 763 border - DodaPilii 2025 321 2030 349 2015 950 2020 1112 Valea 45 DJ 764B Drăganului 2025 1206 2030 1311 Source: CESTRIN, 2015 Table 40. Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County Years Traffic Road Traffic 2015 2020 2025 2030 No. level class categor level type Sectio Sectio Sectio Sectio (AADT) y (%) (%) (%) (%) n Nos. n Nos. n Nos. n Nos. Extremely 1 > 64000 I++ 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 high 32001- 2 Very high I+ 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 1.12 64000 16001- 3 Very high I 2 2.25 2 2.25 2 2.25 1 1.12 32000 8001- 4 High II 1 1.12 1 1.12 1 1.12 2 2.25 16000 5 3501-8000 Medium III 3 3.37 5 5.62 5 5.62 5 5.62 6 751-3500 Short IV 24 26.97 27 30.34 31 34.83 31 34.83 7 1-750 Very low V 59 66.29 54 60.67 50 56.18 49 55.06 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 Total road sections reviewed 89 89 89 89 100.00 0 0 0 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 183 Figure 80 – Distribution of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the national roads reviewed in Cluj County (nr. vehicole) 2030 > 64000 2025 2020 32001-64000 2015 16001-32000 8001-16000 3501-8000 751-3500 (nr. tronsoane 1-750 drum) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 There will be no significant changes of county roads with potential impacts on future traffic trends, therefore the current network will cope with that traffic, provided all deficient county roads be rehabilitated and adequately maintained. Thus, the most significant changes in traffic will be reflected by a decrease of county road sections with traffic class V and an increase of road sections with traffic class IV (see Table 40, Fig. 80). The county roads presently with heavy traffic will have a similar traffic in the future. The number of heavily trafficked county road sections is on the rise, but insignificantly compared to what is happening on national roads (Table 41). 184 Table 41.The absolute and relative increase of road sections with traffic levels (AADT) in the reviewed national road network in Cluj County Absolute and relative increase Traffic level class 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2015-2030 No. (AADT) Section Section Section Section (%) (%) (%) (%) Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. 1 >64000 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 2 32001-64000 0 0.00 0 0.00 +1.00 +100.00 +1 +100.00 3 16001-32000 0 0.00 0 0.00 -1.00 -50.00 -1 -50.00 4 8001-16000 0 0.00 0 0.00 +1.00 +100.00 +1 +100.00 5 3501-8000 +2 +66.67 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 +2 +66.67 6 751-3500 +3 +12.50 +4 +14.81 0.00 0.00 +7 +29.17 7 1-750 -5 -8.47 -4 -7.41 -1.00 -2.00 -10 -16.95 Source: processed data provided by CESTRIN, 2015 An analysis of road traffic on communal roads is inconclusive due to the lack of statistical data. The road census of 2015 only included two communal roads, which lie within the city of Cluj-Napoca and the CNMA (Table 42). Table 42.Road traffic (AADT) on communal roads in Cluj County Road classes by traffic levels (AADT) Road Road Reference I++ I+ I II III IV V No. section name year 32001- 16001 - 8001- 3501- 750- name >64000 <750 64000 32000 16000 8000 3500 2015 29108 2020 34056 1 DC 142D Cluj-Napoca 2025 36967 2030 40169 2015 3103 2020 3686 2 DC 153 Sânnicoară 2025 4147 2030 4656 Source: CESTRIN, 2015 However, based on the field observations, one can notice an increase in traffic, particularly on recently modernized roads serving localities of residential or economic interest. A review of the territorial distribution of road traffic within Cluj County in 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030 reveals a clear trend towards traffic crowding in the central area of the county (Cluj-Napoca city and CNMA) and on DN 1, between Cluj-Napoca and Turda, DN 1C between Cluj-Napoca and Dej (Fig. 81). 185 Figure 81 – Current and forecasted annual average daily traffic (AADT) on the reviewed road infrastructure of Cluj County (2015, 2020, 2025, 2030). Source: authors Source: authors 186 Source: authors Source: authors 187 On the other classified roads of Cluj County, the intensity of traffic remains within normal limits, and the class of those roads is adequate for the traffic. 2.7.1. County areas where traffic capacity is exceeded In Cluj County, the areas where traffic capacity is exceeded (see table 36) are: DN 1 – on the following sectors: Turda - Tureni and Tureni – Cluj-Napoca – traffic values exceed by 100% the technical road class both at the level of 2020 and for the prognoses (2025 and 2030), as the values are specific for a motorway-type of road with two lanes in each direction; Cluj-Napoca – the full sector crossing the built-up area – traffic values exceed by 100% and 200% the technical road class both at the level of 2020 and for the prognoses (2025 and 2030), as the values are specific for a motorway-type of road with three lanes in each direction; this fact requires solutions for taking the transit traffic outside the city by means of metropolitan bypass roads. Cluj-Napoca – Florești – in 2015, the traffic values exceeded by 200% the road capacity, and starting with 2020 the traffic values exceed by 300% the technical class of the current road. This fact requires solutions for diverging the commuting traffic to and from Cluj-Napoca City by means of bypasses and the development of metropolitan transport by adding tramway lines and dedicated lanes for bus transport. Florești – Gilău – traffic values exceed by 100% the technical road class both at the level of 2020 and for the prognoses (2025 and 2030), which requires the building of metropolitan bypasses and the extension of metropolitan public transport to all settlements (and all villages) in the first ring of Cluj Metropolitan Area. DN 1C – on the sectors: Cluj-Napoca – the full sector crossing the built-up area (city center, Mărăști neighborhood, Someșeni neighborhood, including the area around the airport) – at the level of 2020 and for the prognoses (2025 and 2030), the traffic values exceed by 200% the technical road class, as they are specific for a motorway- type of road with three lanes in each direction; this fact requires solutions for taking the transit traffic outside the city by means of metropolitan bypass roads and the expansion of urban public transport infrastructure by designing a tramway line on the East-West direction (Jucu – Apahida – Cluj-Napoca – Florești – Gilău) Fundătura – Gherla – Nima – Dej – the traffic values exceed by 100% the technical road class both at the level of 2020 and for the prognoses (2025 and 2030), which requires the construction of an express road or a motorway with two lanes in each direction on the sector between Cluj-Napoca and Dej. For the same purpose, one should also add the need for the metropolitan train to enter into service on the route Huedin – Cluj-Napoca – Gherla – Dej, and also on the route Câmpia Turzii – Apahida – Gherla – Dej. DN 1F – on the sectors: Cluj-Napoca (the full sector crossing the built-up area) – Baciu – Rădaia – at the level of 2020, traffic values exceed by 100% the current technical road capacity, while for the prognoses (2025 and 2030), the traffic values will exceed by 200% the technical road capacity. In this sense, in order to diminish these traffic values, the motorway segment Nădășelu – Sânpaul – Zalău – Borș should be finalized and the northern metropolitan bypass of Cluj Metropolitan Area should be built, therefore directly connecting DN 1C and DN 1F across a possible route through Borșa – Vultureni – Așchileu Mare – Așchileu Mic. 188 DN 17 – on the sectors: Dej – Cuzdrioara – current and forecasted traffic values exceed by 100% the road capacity; this fact will be solved by building either the express road Cluj-Napoca – Dej – Bistrița or the northern motorway Satu Mare – Baia Mare – Dej – Bistrița – Vatra Dornei – Suceava. In the case of county roads, excessive current and forecasted traffic values are found on the following road sectors: DJ 103G – Cluj-Napoca sector (built-up area – Gheorgheni neighborhood) – recorded traffic values exceed by 100% - the issue may be solved once the inner metropolitan bypass (Apahida – Cluj-Napoca – Florești – Gilău) will enter into service; DJ 109A – Cluj-Napoca sectors (built-up area – Maramureșului and Oașului streets) – these streets currently function as bypasses and recorded traffic values exceed by 200% and 300% the technical road class. 2.7.2. Infrastructure facilities for transit traffic in Cluj county urban centres In Cluj County, one remarks the accelerated increase of transit traffic within the built-up areas of urban centers, a fact which determines negative effects both on the environment and on the traffic and the degree of mobility in these territorial administrative units. Fully functional: in Cluj County, the following roads functioning as bypasses already exist: VOCE (Vâlcele – Apahida), VOCNE (Sub Coastă roundabout – Muncii Boulevard), VAP (Apahida – VOCNE), VGH (Băița – Bunești). In the design stage: Cluj-Napoca City administration has drafted the project for the planning and building of a segment belonging to Transregio Feleac TR35 express road. In November 2019, they have approved the 8th version of Cluj-Napoca City bypass, which has motorway features, is 38 km long and the permit has already been issued by CNAIR. The extreme points of this road are Gilău in the West and Apahida in the East. The route of this road segment has 20 proposed junctions with connecting turning lanes in the following locations: 1. between Căpușu and Gilău, connection to DN1; 2. Gilău, connection to Transylvania Motorway; 3. Entrance to Florești, connection to DN1; 4. Florești, Eroilor Street; 5. Florești, Someșului Street; 6. Cluj-Napoca, Cora roundabout; 7. Cluj-Napoca, Bucium Street; 8. Cluj-Napoca, Dimitrie Gusti Street; 9. Cluj-Napoca, Frunzișului Street – Câmpului Street; 10. Cluj-Napoca, Turzii Avenue; 11. Cluj- Napoca, Mihai Românul Street; 12. Cluj-Napoca, Măceșului Street; 13. Cluj-Napoca, Borhanciului Street; 14. Cluj-Napoca, Soporului Street; 15. Cluj-Napoca, Someșeni Street. 16. Cluj-Napoca, Traian Vuia Street; 17. Cluj-Napoca, Muncii Boulevard; 18. Cluj-Napoca, Vâlcele – Apahida bypass; 19. Apahida; 20. Apahida, Vâlcele – Apahida bypass. According to the City Council of Cluj-Napoca (2019), the main objective of this investment project is to increase the degree of accessibility for the urban areas located in Cluj Metropolitan Area and to increase the degree of mobility of people and freight at the county level. Conclusions: a. No urban center in Cluj County currently has full rings of bypasses, but only several functional segments. Also, there are urban settlements that do not have any bypass segments (Turda, Câmpia Turzii, Dej and Huedin). In the case of Turda and Câmpia Turzii, once the A3 motorway entered into service, it took over the transit traffic and the bypass function. Nevertheless, locally, at the level of both cities, all zonal traffic crosses through the middle of the built-up areas, generating pollution and traffic congestion. This fact indicates that there is still a need for the building of bypass roads. 189 b. In the case of Dej City and Huedin Town, there is no motorway to take over the transit traffic, which currently crosses the urban built-up areas using the street infrastructure, overlaying classified national and county roads. This fact generates high pressure on the local traffic, congestion at rush hours and secondary effects (pollution, noise, vibration, faster damage to the asphalt cover, accidents etc.). c. The bypass function has been partially taken over by several peripheral streets within the built-up areas, but they are not a sustainable long-term solution. For example: - In the case of Cluj-Napoca City – Oașului str., Maramureșului str., Bucium str., Primăverii str., Izlazului str., Frunzișului str., Observatorului str., Turzii Avenue, and more recently, due to the modernization of Sf. Ioan Road, it also became a bypass road for light traffic; - In the case of Turda City – General Dragalina str., Ioan Rațiu str.; - In the case of Dej City, 1 Mai str. and Ion Pop Reteganul str.; - In the case of Huedin Town and Câmpia Turzii City, there are no streets that took over the bypass function, and therefore the route of the national roads and the associated traffic cross through the city centers. 2.8. Traffic accidents Against the current background of increased traffic, cumulated with a set of other enabling causes, road accidents have become a social plague and a cause of related mortality. These can occur at any time during the year or a day, in all conditions and on all public roads. However, statistics show that road accidents occur mainly of heavily trafficked roads, on difficult, sloped sections of road, during the transition from day to night or early in the morning, during adverse weather conditions (rain, fog, ice, blizzard, etc.). They may result in damage to vehicles, injuries, or even worse, in loss of life. Official statistics in this field reveal a harsh reality, particularly when compared to other EU countries (Fig. 82). 190 Figure 82 – Road accident fatalities (per 1 mln. inhabitants) Source: European Commission, 2018 Thus, Romania and Bulgaria are the EU countries with the highest numbers of fatalities from road accidents, with rates above 90 people per 1 million inhabitants. This situation is mainly due to Romania's road infrastructure inability to keep up with current, and particularly future traffic needs. In this context, accidents occur in ever higher numbers, particularly on national roads, which today still are the "backbone" of the public road network, but remain inadequate for the sudden spike in the mobility needs of Romanians. Classified roads in Cluj County follow the same trend, as they are subject to the same problems and shortcomings, and road accidents are not an exception, but rather a part of everyday life (Table 43). 191 Table 43. Traffic accidents on classified roads in Cluj County and their effects, 2009 and 2019 Accidents Vehicles involved Injuries Fatalities Road class Date 2009 2018 2009 2018 2009 2018 2009 2018 National (no.) 265 324 477 602 416 478 61 32 road (%) 77.03 69.98 81.68 74.97 77.47 72.31 88.41 72.73 County (no.) 65 110 92 164 106 147 7 8 road (%) 18.90 23.76 15.75 20.42 19.74 22.24 10.14 18.18 Communal (no.) 14 29 15 37 15 36 1 4 road (%) 4.07 6.26 2.57 4.61 2.79 5.45 1.45 9.09 Total (no.) 344 463 584 803 537 661 69 44 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 As expected, most accidents from the classified roads occur on national roads, followed by county and communal roads. Thus, if 2009 saw 265 accidents (77.03% of total accidents) on national roads, and despite increasing to 324 in 2018, they only accounted for 69.98% in terms of share of total accidents, i.e. a drop of 7.05%. This is explained by an increase in the number of accidents on other classified roads. The most significant increase was found on communal roads (+107.14%), followed by county roads, with an increase of 69.23% (Table 44). Table 44. Evolution of traffic accidents on classified roads in Cluj County and their effects, 2009 to 2019 Accidents Vehicles involved Injuries Fatalities Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Road class increase increase increase increase increase increase increase increase (no.) (%) (no.) (%) (no.) (%) (no.) (%) National road +59 +22.26 +125 +26.21 +62 +14.90 -29 -47.54 County road +45 +69.23 +72 +78.26 +41 +38.68 +1 +14.29 Communal road +15 +107.14 +22 +146.66 +21 +140.00 +3 +300.00 Total roads +119 +34.59 +219 +37.50 +124 +23.09 -25 -36.23 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 The direct effects of such accidents are the number of vehicles involved and the number of the injured persons and fatalities. Given the overall increase of road accidents on the classified roads of Cluj County, one may also note an increase in their direct effects. Thus, in terms of vehicles involved, during 2009-2018 there was an increase of +219 vehicles involved in accidents, from 584 to 803, i.e. a relative increase of 37.50%. The particular situation of classified roads reveals a significant increase in the number of vehicles involved in accidents on national roads (+125 vehicles), followed by county roads (+72 vehicles) and communal roads (+22 vehicles). However, the relative increase reveals another totally different situation, i.e. the highest 192 increase of vehicles involved in road accidents between 2009 and 2018 occurred on communal roads (+146.66%), followed by county roads (78.26%) and national roads (23.21%). This is mainly due to an increase of road traffic on lower class roads (county and communal) as well once they were modernized, which inevitably caused a spike in the number of accidents and vehicles involved, as purchasing power increased and more and more residents are buying a car. This overall increase of accidents and vehicles involved also directly impacts the number of injured persons and fatalities from accidents. To that extent, all the classified roads in the county are seeing an increase of injured persons, from 537 to 661 persons, i.e. an increase of +124 persons (23.09%). In absolute values, the most significant increase occurred on national roads (+62 injured persons), followed by county roads (+41) and communal roads (+21). In relative values, the increase was reversed in terms of intensity, with a prevalence of communal roads, with an increase of +140%, followed by county roads (+38.68%) and national roads (+14.90%). The most dramatic effects are the deaths caused by traffic accidents. In this context, the reviewed period shows a reduction of fatalities by -25, which represents a total decrease of -36.23%, from 69 fatalities in 2009 to 44 fatalities in 2018. In terms of road classes, it was found that fatalities decreased from 61 to 21 solely on national roads, i.e. a decrease of -29 (-47.54%), while they increased on both county and communal roads. The highest growth occurred on communal roads (+300%), while this increase amounted to +14.29% on county roads. This increase was mainly caused by speeding inappropriately for road conditions and inexperienced young drivers. The distribution of accidents across monthly periods and road categories reveals an even more interesting story. National roads are in a different situation as compared to other road categories (Table 45). Table 45.Annual distribution of traffic accidents occurring on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 A3 2018 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 7 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 A10 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 7 4 12 5 11 19 8 14 20 11 8 10 129 3 DN 1 2018 10 10 7 11 13 16 17 10 13 8 8 8 131 2009 5 2 7 5 5 11 8 9 3 6 8 11 80 4 DN 1C 2018 5 2 5 4 5 4 9 8 2 12 7 5 68 2009 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 17 5 DN 1F 2018 1 0 1 2 0 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 25 6 DN 1G 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 193 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 DN 1J 2018 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 DN 1R 2018 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 7 2009 1 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 9 9 DN 15 2018 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 9 2009 0 3 0 2 1 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 14 10 DN 16 2018 1 3 1 4 3 2 1 3 4 3 1 2 28 2009 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 6 11 DN 17 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 5 2009 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 DN 18B 2018 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 3 1 0 9 2009 0 0 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 1 8 13 DN 75 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 5 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 VTCJ 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 VOCE 2018 3 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 4 3 0 3 17 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 VOCNE 2018 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 VGH 2018 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 5 18 VAP 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 194 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 15 10 21 16 25 38 21 26 26 22 19 26 265 19 Total 2018 24 20 20 24 23 31 36 31 30 39 25 21 324 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 The annual variation shows a noticeable difference between the two reference years. Thus, in most months of the year there was an increase of accidents in 2018 versus 2009, with the exception of March, May, June and December, when there were more accidents in 2009 versus 2018 (Fig. 83). Figure 83 – Monthly distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County (nr. accidente) 45 2009 2018 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 As a whole, one notes an increasing trend of accidents during the summer months, with a peak in July 2009 and October 2018. The minimum was recorded in February for both 2009 and 2018. The individual situation of national roads is even more interesting, with most accidents occurring on two national roads (DN 1 and DN 1C) in Cluj County, which are at the same time the most heavily trafficked roads. The months with most accidents are those at the beginning of summer and fall, and DN 1 and DN 1C remain the roads with most accidents both in 2009 and 2018. Thus, if the monthly distribution of traffic accidents was not this clearly assigned in 2009, one can note a clear monthly variation in 2018 that reflects the structure of the year. Thus, one notes an increase in accidents as summer months approach, with a peak in July, followed by a decrease of accidents in August, another sharp spike in September, and a progressive decrease towards the summer months, followed by another spike in January and February. This monthly variation matches very well the holiday periods and the arrival and departure of those who work abroad (Fig. 84, 85). 195 Figure 84 – Annual distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 (nr. accidente) 25 A3 DN 1 DN 1C DN 1F DN 15 DN 16 DN 17 DN 18B DN 75 20 15 10 5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 Figure 85 – Annual distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2018 (nr. accidente) 18 A3 A10 DN 1 DN 1C DN 1F DN 1G DN 1J DN 1R DN 15 DN 16 DN 17 DN 18B DN 75 VTCJ VOCE VOCNE VGH VAP 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 The highest prevalence of accidents on DN 1 and DN 1C is explained by the fact that these two roads connect the county with Western Europe, and most motorists mistake a class III road with a motorway and cause numerous accidents due to overspeeding and failure to adapt the vehicle speed to the prevailing traffic conditions. The situation is somewhat similar on other national roads in Cluj County, but there are some significant differences as well. Thus, if a clear increase of accidents was noted on DN 1F in 2018 as compared to 2009, with peaks during the summer months, DN 16 has two annual periods with most (April and September) and least (February and July) accidents (Fig. 86). 196 Figure 86 – Comparison between 2009 and 2018 in terms of traffic accidents occurring on the main national roads in Cluj County (nr. accidente) 25 2009 2018 DN 1 20 15 10 5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (nr. accidente) 14 2009 2018 DN 1C 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (nr. accidente) 4,5 DN 1 F 2009 2018 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (nr. accidente) 3,5 DN 15 2009 2018 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 197 (nr. accidente) 4,5 DN 16 2009 2018 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (nr. accidente) 2,5 2009 2018 DN 17 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (nr. accidente) 3,5 2009 2018 DN 18B 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (nr. accidente) 3,5 2009 2018 DN 75 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 This is due to the transit role of this road in Cluj County, and to the poor state of the road infrastructure. DN 18B shows some occurrences of accidents during the summer months, while no accidents were recorded on this road in 2009 due to the poor state of the infrastructure. On DN 15, accidents occur mostly during the spring and summer months, and during the fall-winter months on DN 17. The situation of DN 75 reveals a lack of accidents during the winter, spring and summer months in 2018 versus 2009, and an increased rate of accidents during the fall. A detailed analysis of traffic accidents on national roads again reveals their concentration on two of the 18 reviewed roads, i.e. DN 1 and DN 1 C. Thus, in terms of vehicles involved, there are more than 200 198 vehicles in case of DN 1 and more than 100 vehicles in case of DN 1C. As far as the injured are concerned, DN 1 witnessed an increase from 193 to 206 injured persons, and a decrease of fatalities from 36 to 15. DN 1C shows a completely different situation, where the number of vehicles involved in accidents remains relatively steady, but there is a decrease in the number of injuries and deaths (Table 46). Table 46. Vehicles involved, injuries and deaths from traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 No. Road name Year Vehicles involved Deaths Injuries 2009 4 0 1 1 A3 2018 12 1 15 2009 0 0 0 2 A10 2018 0 0 0 2009 243 36 193 3 DN 1 2018 267 15 206 2009 135 13 119 4 DN 1C 2018 134 6 99 2009 36 6 41 5 DN 1F 2018 39 1 35 2009 0 0 0 6 DN 1G 2018 3 0 3 2009 0 0 0 7 DN 1J 2018 3 0 1 2009 0 0 0 8 DN 1R 2018 12 0 11 2009 16 1 13 9 DN 15 2018 16 2 10 2009 19 1 27 10 DN 16 2018 39 1 43 2009 9 2 9 11 DN 17 2018 8 1 5 2009 1 0 1 12 DN 18B 2018 12 0 8 2009 14 2 12 13 DN 75 2018 8 0 5 2009 0 0 0 14 VTCJ 2018 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 15 VOCE 2018 29 2 23 2009 0 0 0 16 VOCNE 2018 6 2 7 2009 0 0 0 17 VGH 2018 14 1 7 2009 0 0 0 18 VAP 2018 0 0 0 2009 477 61 416 19 Total 2018 602 32 478 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 199 The direct effects of accidents are also noted in case of other national roads (DN 1 F, DN 15, DN 16, DN 17, DN 75) and ring roads as well, after their commissioning, but at lower rates as compared to DN 1 and DN 1C (Fig. 87). Figure 87 – Vehicles involved, injuries and deaths from traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 (nr.) 300 2009 Număr vehicule implicate Număr persoane rănite Număr persoane decedate 250 200 150 100 50 0 VOCNE DN 1C DN 1R DN 1F DN 1G DN 1J DN 18B VOCE DN 1 DN 15 DN 16 DN 17 DN 75 VTCJ VGH VAP A10 A3 (nr.) 300 2018 Număr vehicule implicate Număr persoane rănite Număr persoane decedate 250 200 150 100 50 0 VOCNE DN 1C DN 1R DN 1F DN 1G DN 1J DN 18B VOCE DN 1 DN 15 DN 16 DN 17 DN 75 VTCJ VGH VAP A3 A10 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 The monthly distribution of accidents on county roads also reveals a clear variation of rates, with an increasing trend in 2018 versus 2009 (Table 47). Table 47. Annual distribution of traffic accidents on national roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 Road Yearly No Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2009 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 DJ 103G 2018 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 DJ 103H 2018 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 DJ 103I 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 DJ 103J 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 5 DJ 103K 2018 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 DJ 103L 2018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 200 Road Yearly No Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 7 DJ 103M 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 DJ 103N 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 DJ 103T 2018 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 DJ 103U 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 DJ 103V 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 DJ 105L 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 DJ 105S 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 DJ 105T 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 15 DJ 107F 2018 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 DJ 107J 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 17 DJ 107 L 2018 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 2009 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 18 DJ 107M 2018 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 0 8 2009 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 19 DJ 107N 2018 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 20 DJ 107P 2018 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 21 DJ 107R 2018 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 DJ 107S 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 DJ 107T 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 24 DJ 108A 2018 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2009 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 25 DJ 108B 2018 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 2009 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 26 DJ 108C 2018 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 7 201 Road Yearly No Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 DJ 108K 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 DJ 108N 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 29 DJ 109 2018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 30 DJ 109A 2018 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 6 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 DJ 109B 2018 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 32 DJ 109C 2018 1 0 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 9 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 33 DJ 109D 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 4 2009 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 34 DJ 109E 2018 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 DJ 109S 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 DJ 109T 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 DJ 109V 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 38 DJ 150 2018 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 2009 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 39 DJ 150A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 40 DJ 151C 2018 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 2009 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 41 DJ 161 2018 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 2009 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 42 DJ 161A 2018 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 DJ 161B 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 44 DJ 161C 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 45 DJ 161 D 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 46 DJ 161E 2018 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 202 Road Yearly No Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 DJ 161F 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 48 DJ 161G 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 DJ 161H 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 DJ 161J 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 51 DJ 161K 2018 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 52 DJ 170B 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 DJ 172A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 54 DJ 172F 2018 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 2 1 0 1 13 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 DJ 182E 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 DJ 182F 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 57 DJ 191D 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 DJ 763 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 DJ 764B 2018 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2009 6 11 2 4 10 2 4 3 9 4 6 4 65 Total 2018 13 8 6 10 7 10 12 13 8 7 9 7 110 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 Thus, if accidents occurred more frequently in February, May and September 2009 versus 2018, the remaining months show a significant increase of accidents in 2018 (Fig. 88). 203 Figure 88 – Monthly distribution of traffic accidents on county roads in Cluj County (nr. accidente) 14 2009 2018 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 The months with the highest increases of accidents in 2018 were January, July and August, with a minimum in March and a peak in January and August. This fact shows that accidents occur on county roads as well, particularly where such roads serve tourist or developing areas, or where they were modernized and can be travelled at higher speeds. There is a clear trend towards more accidents on county roads and a related increase of side effects. In case of communal roads, accidents are on the rise as some roads are modernized and vehicle ownership increased in the localities along such roads (Table 48). Table 48. Annual distribution of traffic accidents on communal roads in Cluj County, 2009 and 2018 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 DC 1 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 DC 2 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 DC 3 2018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 DC 4 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 DC 5 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 204 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 DC 6 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 DC 7 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 DC 8 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 DC 9A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 DC 10 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 DC 12 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 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77 DC 79 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78 DC 80 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 DC 81 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 DC 82 2018 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 DC 85 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 DC 86 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 DC 87 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 84 DC 88 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 DC 89 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 86 DC 90 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 DC 91 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 DC 92 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 DC 93A 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 211 Road Yearly No. Year I II III 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121 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 DC 122 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116 DC 123 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 DC 124 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 118 DC 126 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 119 DC 127 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 DC 128A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 DC 128C 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 122 DC 129 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123 DC 130 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 124 DC 131 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 DC 132 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 214 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 126 DC 133 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 DC 135 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 DC 137 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 129 DC 138 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 DC 139 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 131 DC 140 2018 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 132 DC 140A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 133 DC 141 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134 DC 141A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 DC 141B 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 136 DC 142A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 DC 142B 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 138 DC 142C 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 139 DC 142D 2018 0 0 0 0 0 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152 DC 154 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 153 DC 155 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 154 DC 156 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 DC 157 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 DC 158 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 157 DC 159 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 158 DC 160 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 159 DC 162 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 DC 163 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 161 DC 164 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 217 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 162 DC 165 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163 DC 166 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 164 DC 168 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 DC 169 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 166 DC 170 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 167 DC 171 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DC 172A 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 169 DC 172B 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 170 DC 173 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 171 DC 174 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172 DC 175 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 173 DC 176 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 218 Road Yearly No. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII name total 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 174 DC 177 2018 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 DC 178 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 0 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 14 Total 2018 5 1 0 5 3 1 2 1 5 4 1 1 29 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 Thus, communal roads in Cluj County are seeing a clear increase of accidents in 2018 as compared to 2009, the months with peak accidents being January and September (Fig. 89). Figure 89 – Monthly distribution of traffic accidents on communal roads in Cluj County (nr. accidente) 18 2009 2018 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 The months with most accidents are January and September, while February and March have the least accidents. Moreover, there was a higher prevalence of traffic accidents on communal roads in April and May, attributed to the Easter holidays and spring farming activities, when traffic becomes more intense on communal roads. Beginning with June, the number of accidents varies evenly, with a second peak in September, when crops are harvested and there is a related increase in road traffic, followed again by a progressive decrease until December. However, the territorial distribution and grouping of traffic accidents on the classified roads of Cluj County is very diverse, with road sections where accidents occur frequently and very frequently, while other sections see low and very low accident figures (Fig. 90). 219 Figure 90 – Territorial distribution of traffic accidents on the classified roads of Cluj County during 2014-2019 Source: County Police Inspectorate, 2019 220 The road sections with the highest prevalence of accidents (more than 250) are located within the city of Cluj-Napoca, where the transit traffic is overlapped by the local and commuter traffic. These are followed by the Florești – Cluj-Napoca section on DN 1, where accidents vary between 150 and 200, mainly caused by the overlapping transit and commuter traffic. The remaining national road sections in the vicinity of the city of Cluj-Napoca have an accident rate between 100 and 150 cases. The same increased values are also noted for some county road sections (e.g. DJ 107R, between DN 1 and the junction with DJ 103U). Moreover, high accident rates are noted on the straight national road sections, where motorists tend to overspeed. Such sections with high accidents rates are the following: between Florești and Gilău, Gilău and Căpuș on DN 1; between Apahida and Jucu, Dej -Cășeiu on DN 1C; between Câmpia Turzii and Turda, Câmpia Turzii and Luncani on DN 15; between Cluj-Napoca and Baciu on DN 1 F. The territorial clustering of traffic accidents reveals an evident concentration around the five cities of the county (Cluj-Napoca, Turda, Câmpia Turzii, Dej and Gherla), followed by Florești, and the remaining localities on DN 1, DN 1C, DN 1F (see Fig. 90). This fact highlights the existence of several localities where accidents occur at a much higher rate than in others, a situation reflected by a set of enabling factors leading to accidents (crowded traffic, poorly designed junctions, dangerous turns, uphill sections, etc.). Therefore, traffic accidents in Cluj County tend to increase in numbers and intensity, and therefore lead to lower traffic safety on classified roads. This will also result into an increase in injuries, but particularly of fatalities. A detailed territorial situation of road infrastructure (surface type and condition) is available in Annexes 1-12. 2.9. Projects for the development of the road infrastructure currently under implementation andplanned for medium- and long-term implementation Several investment projects intended for classified roads are currently ongoing in Cluj County. The detailed situation of these investments is included in Table 49. Table 49.List of county road infrastructure modernization projects (ongoing) Total project Funding value (RON, Implementati Kilometers Project title program inclusive of on period modernized VAT) Modernization and rehabilitation of county section 9, made up of road Regional sections of DJ 103J and DJ 103N, part of Operational L = 2.800 + the Northern Transylvania regional route. 31.10.2018- Program 2014- 8,305,600.41 7.000 = Route: DJ 103N – DN 1 – Șaula – Sălaj 30.09.2019 2020 - Priority 9.800 km county limit, km 0+000 – 2+800/ DJ 103J – Axis 6 DN 1R – Sâncrai – Alunișu, km 0+000 – 7+000. Modernization and rehabilitation of Regional L = 10.000 + county section 8, made up of road 31.10.2018- Operational 10,528,810.09 4.510 = sections of DJ 107F and DJ 161B, part of 28.02.2019 Program 2014- 14.510 km the Northern Transylvania regional route. 2020 - Priority Route: DJ 161B Turda – Bogata – Călărași, 221 Total project Funding value (RON, Implementati Kilometers Project title program inclusive of on period modernized VAT) km 30+647 – 40+647/ DJ 107F Alba Axis 6 county limit – Luncani, km 9+860 – 14+370. Modernization and rehabilitation of Regional county section 7, made up of road Operational L = 10.300 + sections of DJ 161C, part of the Northern 31.10.2018- Program 2014- 9,190,248.92 2.700 = Transylvania regional route. Route: DJ 31.12.2019 2020 - Priority 13.000 km 161C Iclod – Aluniș – Corneni, km 0+000 – Axis 6 10+300 and km 10+300 – 13+000. Modernization and rehabilitation of county section 6, made up of road Regional 31.10.2018- sections of DJ 109 B and DJ 109D, part of Operational L = 17.100 + 31.08.2019 the Northern Transylvania regional route. Program 2014- 15,107,464.33 5.170 = Route: DJ 109B Fundătura – Cornești, km 2020 - Priority 22.270 km 0+000 – 17+100/ DJ 109D (DJ 161) – Jucu Axis 6 de Sus – DN 1C, km 26+880 – 32+050 Modernization and rehabilitation of Regional county section 5, made up of road Operational sections of DJ 108C, part of the Northern Program 2014- 17,716,892.83 29.10.2018- L = 22.950 Transylvania regional route. Route: DJ 2020 - Priority 31.01.2020 km 108C Mănăstireni – Călata – Mărgău, km Axis 6 36+050 – 59+000. Modernization and rehabilitation of county section 4, made up of road Regional sections of DJ 107N and DJ 109P, part of Operational L = 44.260 + the Northern Transylvania regional route. 31.10.2018- Program 2014- 40,715,453.22 7.588 = Route: DJ 107P Gilău – Someșu Rece – 31.01.2020 2020 - Priority 51.848 km Mărișel – DN 1R, km 0+000 – 44+260/ DJ Axis 6 107N Gura Râșca – Someșu – Rece, km 28+612 – 36+200. Modernization and rehabilitation of county section 3, made up of road sections of DJ 150, DJ 151C, DJ 161A and DJ 161H, part of the Northern Regional L = 4.000 + Transylvania regional route. Route: DJ Operational 39.700 + 29.10.2018- 161H – DN16 – Suatu, km 0+000 – 4+000/ Program 2014- 61,701,249.90 7.190 + 31.10.2020 DJ 150 Viișoara – Ceanu Mare – Frata – 2020 - Priority 10.200 = Mociu, km 0+600 – 40+300/ DJ 161A Iuriu Axis 6 61.090 km de Câmpie – Ceanu Mare, km 22+610 – 29+800/ DJ 151C Mureș county limit – Tritenii de Jos, km 12+500 – 22+700. Modernization and rehabilitation of Regional 29.10.2018- L = 22.800 + county section 2, made up of road 46,113,397.56 Operational 31.07.2020 38.300 + sections of DJ 105T, DJ 108B and DJ 109A, Program 2014- 11.000 + part of the Northern Transylvania regional 222 Total project Funding value (RON, Implementati Kilometers Project title program inclusive of on period modernized VAT) route. Route: DJ 108B Sălaj county limit – 2020 - Priority 2.200 = Bobâlna – ViileDejului, km 21+200 – Axis 6 74.300 km 44+000/ DJ 109A Chinteni – Vultureni – Recea Cristur – DealuJurcii, km 10+200 – 48+500/ DJ 105T Cluj-Napoca – Coruș – Berind – DN 1F, km 3+447 – 14+447 and km 19+470 – 21+670. Modernization and rehabilitation of county section 1, made up of road sections of DJ 107N, DJ 107M and DJ Regional L = 14.000 + 107L, part of the Northern Transylvania Operational 29.10.2018- 42.000 + regional route. Route: DJ 107N Băișoara – Program 2014- 52,427,762.46 31.07.2020 16.050 = Valea Ierii, km 0+000 – 14+000/ DJ 107M 2020 - Priority 72.050 km Luna de Sus – Băișoara – Buru – Alba Axis 6 county limit, km 0+000 – 42+000/ DJ 107L Petrești – Lita, km 14+900 – 30+950. Improving the road infrastructure of regional importance - the Northern Regional Transylvania regional route, the Bistrița Operational L = 6.452 + Road - modernization of DJ 172A (km 130,315,300.5 Program 2014- ? 18.406 + 33+000 - km 39+452), DJ 161G (km 0+000 2 2020 - Priority 16.933 km - km 18+406) and DJ 161 (junction with Axis 6 DN 16) - Gădălin – Bonțida – DN 1C (km 0+000 - km 16+933,100)”. Improving the road infrastructure of regional importance - the Northern Regional Transylvania regional route, the Bistrița Operational 15.12.2015- L = 31.976 Road - modernization and rehabilitation Program 2014- 75,799,832.58 31.07.2020 km of DJ 109 (junction of DN 1C – Sălaj 2020 - Priority county limit), from Km 0+000 to km Axis 6 31+976. Improving the road infrastructure of regional importance - the Northern Regional Transylvania regional route, the Apuseni Operational L = 3.040 + Road - modernization of DJ 108K (Bihor 159,811,640.2 12.12.2015- Program 2014- 22.165 = county limit – Drăgan Dam), from km 6 31.07.2020 2020 - Priority 25.205 km 26+455 to km 29+495 and DJ 764B Axis 6 (Drăgan dam – junction with DN1), from km 0+000 to km. 22+164,500. Source: The Cluj County Council and RDP NW 2014 – 2020 + Transilvania Reporter, URL: http://transilvaniareporter.ro/actualitate/drumuri-judetene-modernizate-cat-de-la-cluj-la-bucuresti-harta- interactiva/ In terms of the medium- and long-term investments in the development of the transport infrastructure at regional level, from which Cluj County can benefit indirectly, we would like to 223 mention the proposals presented in version 1 of the study Favorability analysisfor the fast connectivity tothe TEN-T network of the big cities in theNorth-West Region: Bistrița, Baia Mare and Satu Mare. The study proposes the performance of works for the development of the transport infrastructure that will increase the level of connectivity and reduce the times required to cover the road distances between three main urban centers of the North-West Development Region (Bistrița, Baia Mare and Satu Mare) and the TEN-T network. To this end, the study proposes the connectivity solutions by sectors, sections and nodes. Of these, the Cluj County territory benefits from investments in case of four road sectors (Table 50). Table 50. List of investment projects for the development of the road infrastructure in the North-West Development Region Sector Sector limit Section Section limit Code A A3 motorway - Vâlcele 1 A3 motorway - Vâlcele A1 1 Apahida - Bonțida B1 2 Bonțida - Gherla B2 B Cluj-Napoca - Dej 3 Gherla - Dej B3 1 Dej - CristeștiiCiceului C1 2 CristeștiiCiceului - Beclean C2 C Dej - Bistrița 3 Beclean - Viișoara C3 1 Dej - Câțcău D1 2 Câțcău - Glod D2 3 Glod - Cormeniș D3 4 Cormeniș - Surduc D4 D Dej - Baia Mare 5 Surduc - Jibou D5 6 Jibou - Țicău D6 7 Țicău - Fersig D7 8 Fersig - Baia Mare D8 1 Baia Mare (Colțirea) - Pomi E1 2 Pomi - MedieșuAurit E2 E Baia Mare - Satu Mare 3 MedieșuAurit - Odoreu E3 4 Odoreu - Satu Mare - Petea E4 1 MedieșuAurit - Dumbrava F1 F Halmeubraching 2 Dumbrava - Halmeu F2 Source: North-West RDA, 2019 (Favorability analysis for the fast connectivity to the TEN-T network of the big cities in the North-West Region: Bistrița, Baia Mare and Satu Mare, p. 54) According to the strategic document for investment planning in the transport sector, the main road connection of the North-West region will be ensured by the Someș expressway that will connect the Satu Mare, Baia Mare, Bistrița and Cluj Napoca county seats (as well as other cities and towns) to the national expressway network (Fig.91). 224 The Someș expressway will connect the A3 “Transylvania” motorway to the most important cities in the North-West Development Region, but will also ensure the connection with the neighboring countries, i.e. with Hungary through the Petea border crossing point and with Ukraine through the Halmeu border crossing point. The Someș expressway will indirectly serve important areas in this part of Romania in correlation with the trans-regional road network planned for medium- and long-term implementation (Fig. 91). Thus, a number of localities in Cluj County will be connected as follows: Gilău, Florești, Cluj Napoca, Apahida through the“Feleac” trans-regional road –Cluj Napoca ring road and connection to the A3 “Transylvania” motorway. Figure91 –Someș expressway in the North-West Development Region Source: North-West RDA, 2019 (Favorability analysis for the fast connectivity to the TEN-T network of the big cities in the North-West Region: Bistrița, Baia Mare and Satu Mare, p. 245) According to the implementation strategy within the Romania’s GTMP, the DX4 “Someș” expressway is planned to be implemented in the next financial year (2021-2027), funded from non reimbursable EU funds, namely the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (p. 830 – annex to theGTMP). The benefits of these investment projects include the reduction of traffic congestion in Cluj County as follows: - The A3 junction – Vâlcele –Apahida ring roadsectionwill ensure a faster connectionof the eastern part of Cluj-Napoca City and the Avram Iancu International Airport with the A3 Transylvania motorway; 225 - The Apahida node – Jucu nodesection willwill ensure a faster connection of the eastern part of Cluj-Napoca City, the Avram Iancu International Airport and the northern metropolitan ring road with the Jucu – Tetarom3 industrial park; - The Gherla node –Dej Southnode (Dej 1) –Dej North node (Dej 2) will relieve the traffic congestionon the DN1C national road, between Gherla and Dej, but also at the intersection between DN1C and DN17. 226 3. RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE IN CLUJ COUNTY 3.1. General design features Rail transport is the second form of land transport for people and goods. It consists of railway infrastructure and rolling stock running on it (locomotives, wagons, track cars etc.). Railway infrastructure is integral part of the national transport system and consists of the railway, which is a complex of engineering works in which various constructions and installations with a large volume and spread can be differentiated as follows: - tracks with the necessary developments for moving forward, crossing and train formation (turnouts, switches etc.); - artworks: bridges, culverts, viaducts, tunnels; - constructions needed to serve the passenger traffic and goods transport: railway stations, platforms, warehouses, yards; - installations for traffic routing and supervision, automation and telecommunication; - constructions and installations necessary for the rolling stock maintenance and repair. These have been built in time, during different historical stages and currently are a heterogeneous technical structure, which affects both the travelling speed and the travel times on the rail network. Railway infrastructure and rolling stock condition also determine the attractiveness of this form of transport as well as its efficiency. Within the current context, despite the fact the rail transport has certain clear advantages compared with other modes of transport (large transport capacity, low average cost per unit of carried goods, high safety, less influenced by the weather conditions etc.) it is no longer as popular as used to be in the 19th century or during the first part of the 20th century, being overthrown by the road and air transport. However, the rail transport still is and will remain the basic form of transport for heavy goods and even for passengers on distances of up to 1,000 km. In the context of the future global but also national economy changes it is envisaged a revitalization of the rail transport, especially since it can be completely electrified, which is a strong competitive advantage in relation to the road, air or maritime transport. This perspective currently requires a particular attention to this form of transport and a strategic reintegration in the future strategies and development plans. 3.2. Rail network in Cluj County – general and evolutionary features Currently, the rail network in Cluj County consists both of operable and non-operable lines. The operable lines include both arteries and main lines. The non-operable lines include secondary lines with normal or narrow gauge, which have been closed and included in a conservation regimen or not. To these, the industrial railways with normal or narrow gauge are included, which currently are operable or not. At Cluj County level, the rail network consists of: - artery line 300 Războieni – Călărași – Câmpia Turzii – Cluj-Napoca – Huedin – Piatra Craiului, double-track on the Călărași – Câmpia Turzii – Cluj-Napoca – Huedin – Piatra Craiului section, 227 electrified on the Călărași – Câmpia Turzii – Cluj-Napoca – Baciu-Triaj section, operable, with a length of 133.962 km; - artery line 400 – Beclean – Dej – Cășeiu – Câțcău, double-track on the Beclean – Dej section, electrified on the Beclean – Dej section, operable, with a length of 21.776 km; - main line 401 Apahida – Gherla – Dej, double-track on the Apahida – Gherla – Dej section, electrified on the Apahida – Gherla – Dej section, operable, with a length of 47.504 km; - secondary line 322 Câmpia Turzii – Turda, single-track, electrified, non-interoperable, with a length of 8.255 km; - secondary line 311 Huedin – Călățele, single-track, not electrified, non-interoperable, decommissioned, with a length of 13.907 km; - narrow gauge line (760 mm) 309 Turda – Mihai Viteazu – Buru – Lungești – Baia de Arieș - Câmpeni, single-track, not electrified, non-interoperable, decommissioned, with a length of 27.145 km; - industrial line Dej – Ocna Dej, single-track, not electrified, operable, with a length of 2.940 km; - narrow gauge (760 mm) industrial line Turda – Săndulești Quarry, single-track, not electrified, non-interoperable, decommissioned, with a length of 10.806 km; - siding MAN Jucu – single-track, not electrified. According to the Romanian Statistical Yearbook, in 2018 on the territory of Cluj County were in operation 240 km of railway lines of which 129 km (53.75%) electrified lines and 111 km (46.25%) not electrified. Also, out of the 240 km of railway lines, 72 km (30%) are single-track and 168 km (70%) are double-track. 228 The overall density of railway lines as of 2018 was 36 km/1,000 km2 (Table 51). Table 51. Interoperable rail network structure in Cluj County compared with other counties in North-West Region. Of which: Electrified lines share Normal gauge lines(1,435 mm) Electrified (km) per 1,000 km2 Lines density Total (km)1 territory Wide gauge Name Share [%] lines [km] [%] Double-track Single-track Total [km] Share [%] Share [%] [km] [km] ROMANIA 10,774 4,030 37.40 10,635 7,718 72.57 2,917 27.43 134 1.24 45.2 North-West Region 1,668 312 18.70 1,586 1,342 84.61 244 15.39 78 4.67 48.8 Bihor County 500 0 0.00 500 475 95.00 25 5.00 0 0.00 66.3 Bistrița-Năsăud 320 183 57.18 320 302 94.37 18 5.63 0 0.00 59.7 County Cluj County 240 129 53.75 240 72 30.00 168 70.00 0 0.00 36.0 Maramureș County 207 0 0.00 133 133 100.00 0 0.00 74 35.74 32.8 Satu Mare County 218 0 0.00 210 210 100.00 0 0.00 4 1.83 49.3 Sălaj County 183 0 0.00 183 150 81.96 33 18.04 0 0.00 47.3 1) Including narrow gauge lines. Sursa: NSI, Tempo Online Database, 2019 This total length of the rail network places the county on the third position in the North-West Region and on the 16th position at national level. As far as the degree of electrification is concerned, Cluj County is on the second position at regional level, after Bistrița-Năsăud County, with a percentage over the national value, which is 37.40% (Fig. 92). Cluj County is also on the first place in the North-West Development Region considering the double- track network, these lines having 70% of the normal gauge network that comes under this category, the national value being 27.43% (Fig. 93). During the last three decades, no spectacular progresses took place on the Romanian rail network related to its development. It is rather an involution, due to many lines closure, physical and technical degradation and even their destruction, and the rail transport moved to a second place with respect to the economy development, while the road transport became the leader, due to the still low fuel prices. Thus, if we look at the total length of the rail network in Romania, in the North-West Region and consequently in the Cluj County it can be noticed that its size decreased further the closure of many normal or narrow gauge lines (Fig. 94). 229 Figure 92– Interoperable rail network structure in Romania according to the degree of electrification (31 December 2017) Source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook 2018 Figure 93– Operable rail network structure in Romania according to the number of tracks (31 December 2017) Source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook 2018 230 Figure 94– Evolution of railway lines’ length in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990-2018 (km) 2000 Bihor Bistrita-Nasaud Cluj Maramures Satu Mare Salaj 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NSI - TEMPO Online Database, 2019 Excepting Bihor and Sălaj counties, where the total length of the railway lines increased during the considered period, all the other counties (Bistrița-Năsăud, Cluj, Maramureș and Satu Mare) registered decreases of this indicator (Fig. 95). Figure 95– Evolution of railway lines’ length in the North-West Region counties over the period 1990-2018 (km) 600 Bihor Bistrita-Nasaud Cluj Maramures Satu Mare Salaj 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NSI - TEMPO Online Database, 2019 231 In Cluj County this was especially due to the closure of three railway lines in 1997, on the grounds of lack of economic efficiency, and their inclusion in a conservation regimen: line 311 Huedin – Călățele, line 322 Câmpia Turzii – Turda and narrow gauge line 309 Turda – Câmpeni – Abrud. Today, these railway lines are physically and technically degraded and part of them are dismantled and destroyed (Fig. 96). Figure 96– Current condition of line 322 Câmpia Turzii – Turda Source: https://turdanews.net/articole/ actualitate/32283-cine-vrea-calea-ferata-turda-campia-turzii-cfr-o- scoate-din-nou-la-licitatie.html 232 Figure 97– Extract from the Local Council Decision no. 18/2006 on transferring the ownership of the land on which line 311 Huedin – Călățele was built. Source: http://uj.kalotaszentkiraly.ro/ After year 2000, these railway lines started to be destroyed, especially by the locals for scrapping thus all you can find now in many places is just the track bed. Moreover, in 2016 the infrastructure of line 311 and the related land have been returned from the ownership of the Ministry of Transport to that of territorial administrative units (TAUs) on which territory it was located. Such an example is that of Sâncraiu Municipality, which by Local Council Decision 18 of 25.02.2018 adopted a decision to transfer the ownership of the railway line's land from the Ministry of Transport to the Municipality (see Fig. 97). Moreover, according to Monitorul de Cluj of 03 November 2019, a draft law has been introduced to the Chamber of Deputies on building a cycle lane on the route of the former railway line 311, as part of a European project with a value of EUR 200,0001 (Fig. 98). 1 http://www.monitorulcj.ro/actualitate/69922-pista-de-biciclete-pe-traseul-fostei-cai-ferate-huedin-sancraiu- calatele#sthash.teiGgt8C.dpbs 233 Figure 98– Draft proposal on setting up of a cycle lane on the route of the railway line 311 Huedin – Sâncraiu – Călățele) Source: http://www.monitorulcj.ro/actualitate/69922-pista-de-biciclete-pe-traseul-fostei-cai-ferate-huedin- sancraiu-calatele#sthash.teiGgt8C.dpbs The railway line 309 Turda – Câmpeni – Abrud had a similar faith, which after 1997 has been closed and included in a conservation regimen on the grounds of lack of economic efficiency. A direct effect of this undertaking was the destruction of infrastructure, especially by theft, but also its physical and technical degradation, thus this line can no longer be used unless it is completely rehabilitated. This would have a strong impact on the area's economy, especially since on its route would circulate trainsets type “Mocăniță” with tourist destination following the model of those on Vaser Valley. This has been built in 1910-1912 and served the people in the central area of Apuseni Mountains until its closure in 1997 with the already mentioned effects (Fig. 99, Fig. 100). 234 Figure 99– The “Mocănița” train on the route of line 309 Turda – Câmpei – Abrud in the “glorious” times of the socialist era (1974) Source: https://www.ziarul21.ro/actualitate/despre-calea-ferata-turda-abrud Figure 100 – Railway line 309 Turda – Câmpei – Abrud next to Lungești station and the narrow gauge line (760 mm) that crosses NR 75 (August 2019) Sursa: autorii 235 Today, more than half of the interoperable rail network in Cluj County is electrified (53.75%), which is a major advantage in the context of the current worldwide economic changes. The evolution of the rail network electrification level remained relatively stable over the last thirty years, for instance, compared with the Bistrița-Năsăud County, where this increased after 2005 to 57.18%, thus overtaking Cluj County (Fig. 101). Figure 101– Evolution of railways electrification level, in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990-2018 (km) 200 Bihor Bistrita-Nasaud Cluj Maramures Satu Mare Salaj 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NSI - TEMPO Online Database, 2019 Another important feature of the rail network is the number of tracks existing on the route's path. Thus, on the routes where two tracks co-exist, the railway traffic is carried out continuously between stations, which also leads to an increase of transport capacity. Currently, Cluj County has the highest share of railway routes with double-tracks in the entire North-West Region, the share for 2018 being 70.00% (Fig. 102, 103). 236 Figure 102– Evolution of single-track railway lines’ length, in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990-2018 (km) Bihor Bistrita-Nasaud Cluj Maramures Satu Mare Salaj 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NSI - TEMPO Online Database, 2019 Figure 103– Evolution of double-track railway lines’ length, in the North-West Region and its counties over the period 1990-2018 (km) 250 Bihor Bistrita-Nasaud Cluj Maramures Satu Mare Salaj 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: NSI - TEMPO Online Database, 2019 Extension of the rail network in Cluj County has been achieved over time because a combination of favorable factors, both political and economic, have been met. This extension took place in the following stages: 237 - 1938 – section Apahida – Războieni is extended to 2 tracks; - 1947 – section Apahida – Cluj is extended to 2 tracks; - 1978 – section Apahida – Dej is extended to 2 tracks; - 1980 – section Dej – Ileanda (to Zalău) is extended to 2 tracks; - 1980 – section Cluj – Dej becomes the first electrified railway section in Cluj County; - 1983 – section Cluj – Poieni (to Oradea) is extended to 2 tracks. Unfortunately, during the last three decades of the new social order no upgrade, electrified section extension or doubling of the track at the infrastructure level has been performed, which driven the entire infrastructure to become outdated and almost unable to face current requirements and needs of the railway traffic, both at national level and in the Cluj County (Fig. 104, 105). Figure 104– Evolution of single and double-track railway lines’ length in Cluj County, over the period 1990-2018 (km) 250 1 cale 2 căi 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source: NSI - TEMPO Online Database, 2019 2018 238 Figure 105– Rail network structure in Cluj County (2019). Sursa: NSI - TEMPO Online Database (2019), SN CFR SA (2019) 3.3. Technical parts specific to the railway infrastructure in Cluj County These are determined by a series of technical parts that form the railway infrastructure and are subject to this review in order to highlight the current situation. Data of this presentation are different from those previously exposed as they are based on the effective measurement of the length of all tracks on a railway route. In the public system of statistical information it is shown only the total length of the track between two stations, irrespective whether it has one, two or more tracks. However, the technical review takes into account the actual length of the network, which results in differentiations of names and values. 3.3.1. Railways classification in Cluj County Railway infrastructure in Cluj County consists of the following lines, according to the classification registered in the Romanian railway land register: - Artery line 300: Războieni – Piatra Craiului – double-track (on the route Călărași – Turda – Piatra Craiului), electrified on the route Călărași – Turda – Baciu-Triaj; - Secondary line 322: Câmpia Turzii – Turda – single-track, electrified; - Main line 413: Cojocna – Jucu – single-track, electrified; - Main line 412: Apahida – Jucu – double-track, electrified; 239 - Artery line 412: Dej-Călători – Cășeiu – single-track, not electrified; - Artery line 412: Cășeiu – Gâlgău – double-track, not electrified; - Main line 412: Apahida – Dej-Călători – double-track, electrified; - Artery line 416: Dej-Călători – Dej-Triaj – single-track, electrified; - Artery line 416: Dej-Călători – Dej-Triaj – double-track, electrified; - Secondary line 417: Dej-Triaj – Cășeiu – single-track, not electrified; - Siding MAN Jucu – single-track, not electrified. 3.3.2. Length of the single and double-track lines Regional Railway Branch Cluj has a railway transport network at the level of Cluj County of 589.013 km with normal gauge (1,435 mm), with a total of 589.013 km lines in operation, divided by 26 stations and halts. Out of the 589.013 km, 337.314 km are double-track lines and 251.699 km are single-track lines (with normal gauge). Railway lines classification according to the importance of the public infrastructure lines shows that of the 589.013 km of public infrastructure, 324.468 km are on the artery lines, 72.318 km are on the main lines and 15.135 km are on secondary lines. From the point of view of CFR network superstructure equipment, it is found that of the total of 589.013 km of line: - 206.505 km are equipped with superstructure type 65; - 158.806 km are equipped with superstructure type 60; - 3.052 km are equipped with superstructure type 54; - 189.367 km are equipped with superstructure type 49; - 33.283 km are equipped with superstructure with a track type lower thank 49. 3.3.3. Length of electrified and not electrified railway sections The total length of electrified and not electrified railway sections in Cluj County is: electrified – 305.678 km; not electrified – 283.335 km. Detailed situation at the level of Regional Railway Branch Cluj is as follows: - Artery line 300: Războieni – Piatra Craiului – double-track, electrified (on the route Călărași Turda – BaciuTriaj), with a length of 133.962 km; - Secondary line 322: Câmpia Turzii – Turda – single-track, electrified, with a length of 8.255 km (currently, the contact line is decommissioned from km 0+456 to km 7+592); - Main line 413: Cojocna – Jucu, single-track, electrified, with a length of 0.744 km; 240 - Main line 412: Apahida – Jucu, double-track, electrified, with a length of 2.600 km; - Artery line 412: Dej-Călători – Cășeiu, single-track, not electrified, with a length of 6.200 km; - Artery line 412: Cășeiu – Gâlgău, double-track, not electrified, with a length of 21.620 km; - Artery line 416: Dej-Călători – Dej-Triaj, single-track, electrified, with a length of 0.975 km; - Artery line 416: Dej-Călători – Dej-Triaj, double-track, electrified, with a length of 5.600 km; - Main line 412: Apahida – Dej-Călători, double-track, electrified, with a length of 90.600 km; - Secondary line 417: Dej-Triaj – Cășeiu – single-track, not electrified, with a length of 0.869 km; - Siding MAN Jucu – single-track, not electrified. 3.3.4. Length of the upgraded and not upgraded railway lines Currently, Regional Railway Branch Cluj owns: 539.046 km – interoperable, not upgraded lines; 0 km – upgraded lines. 3.3.5. Number and condition of railway switches Regarding the network outfitting with points and crossings, out of the total of 887 points and crossings equivalent: - 93 points and crossings equivalent are of type 65; - 112 points and crossings equivalent are of type 60; - 600 points and crossings equivalent are of type 49; - 82 equivalent points and crossings are of types lower than 49. Most of these points and crossings are close to or have exceeded the maximum operational life, requiring their replacement or the upgrade of the entire infrastructure. 241 3.3.6. Number, length and location of the tunnels Railway infrastructure in Cluj County includes 8 tunnels with a total length of 1.535 km (Table 52). Table 52. Location and length of tunnels on the rail network in Cluj County Length Location No. [m] Line Between stations 1 51 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Valea Florilor – Boju 2 51 300/II Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Valea Florilor – Boju 3 230 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Boju – Tunel 4 230 300/II Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Boju – Tunel 5 337 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Boju – Tunel 6 327 300/II Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Boju – Tunel 7 160 300 Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Tunel – Cojocna 8 149 300 Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Tunel – Cojocna 9 Total 1,535 Source: Regional Railway Branch Cluj, 2019 Figure 106– Location of tunnels on the artery line 300, Războieni – Cluj-Napoca section Source: https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Calea_ferat%C4%83_Cluj%E2%80%93R% C4%83zboieni 242 The tunnels serve the artery line 300 and are located on the Războieni – Cluj-Napoca section. They have been built by the Hungarian authorities at that time during the railway line construction in the 19th century and have been put into operation on 14 August 1873. These are made separate excavation for each line and have a length that varies between 50 and 337 m. Thus, the tunnels in Boju are the longest railway tunnels on the territory of Cluj County, with a length of 327 m and 337 m (Fig. 106). 3.3.7. Sections of lines affected by natural hazard threats (landslides, floods) The natural hazard threats with the highest impact on the railway infrastructure are the landslides and floods. These can cause deformations and even destruction of infrastructure parts, leading up to the train running breakdown. The natural hazard threats appear in areas susceptible to their generation, consisting of brittle sedimentary deposits or those where the surface waters may accumulate generating floods. On the territory of Cluj County, the railway section with the widest and most intense hazard threats is between Câmpia Turzii and Apahida where the landslides are the most commonly encountered and may affect both the track bed and the ballast bed. This railway section is developed in the brittle sedimentary structures of Transylvanian Plain and is the main cause of speed restrictions imposed here. Another natural hazard threat that affects railway infrastructure in Cluj County are the floods, resulting both from underground water level rising and rivers flow increase. During the spring high waters or downfalls high flows may occur, which could also affect the railway infrastructure usually built along the hydrographic valley corridors. In this situation is the artery line 300 between Brăișoru – Poieni and Piatra Craiului – Bulz stations, as well as the main line Apahida – Dej between Jucu – Bonțida and Bonțida – Iclod stations (Table 53). Table 53. Sections of lines from Cluj County affected by natural hazard threats (landslides, floods) Location Length No. Type of natural Line Between stations [m] hazard threat 1 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Războieni – Călărași Turda Landslide 2,470 2 300/II Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor Landslide 500 3 300/II Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor Landslide 1700 4 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor Landslide 200 5 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Valea Florilor – Boju Landslide 940 6 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Valea Florilor – Boju Landslide 300 7 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Valea Florilor – Boju Landslide 300 8 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Tunel – Cojocna Landslide 200 9 300/II Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Tunel – Cojocna Landslide 30 10 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Brăișoru – Poieni Flood 263 243 Location Length No. Type of natural Line Between stations [m] hazard threat 11 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Brăișoru – Poieni Flood 100 12 300/I Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor Piatra Craiului – Bulz Flood 420 13 412/I Apahida – Baia Mare Apahida – Jucu Flood 200 14 412/I Apahida – Baia Mare Jucu – Bonțida Flood 50 15 412/I Apahida – Baia Mare Bonțida – Iclod Flood 50 16 Dej-Călători – Ocna Dej Dej-Călători – Ocna Dej Landslide 50 17 Total 7,773 Source: Regional Railway Branch Cluj, 2019 The length of railway sections affected by landslides amounts to 6,690 m and those affected by floods amount to 1,083 m of a total of 7,773 m of railway affected by natural hazard threats. 3.3.8. Signaling condition To ensure the train running safely on the Cluj County rail network, the following signaling and interlocking are in operation: - electro-dynamic interlocking – CED: 22 with 582 point motors; - mechanization and automation equipment for hump yards – MACT: 1 (point motors – 28, rail brakes – 12, compressors – 3); - electro-mechanical interlocking – CEM: 4 with 81 points and 5 mechanical barriers; - automatic section blocks – BLA: 334.33 km single-track equivalent; - light signals: 1,315; - track circuits: 1,145; - track magnets: 1,225; - automatic signaling of level crossings, with full or halfbarriers (AFB and AHB): 52. Out of the total of railway signaling and interlocking equipment existing in Cluj County, 98% have the lifecycle is higher than the expected economic lifecycle, thus it is required to carry out investments/upgrade works for their replacement. This situation could lead to an increased risk of failure in the monitoring, control and coordination facilities of the railway traffic, which consequences may be very serious and result in fatal railway accidents. 244 3.4. Railway sections with speed restriction Speed restriction in train running may occur for several reasons (natural or technological conditions) and may be temporary or permanent. These speed restrictions generate an increase in train journey times between two stations and cumulatively make the running time to increase against the beneficiaries expectations. In this case, the most affected are the passengers, especially those who travels on long distances and the journey time increases to 8-10-12 hours. Together with the existing comfort in the coaches, the speed restrictions represent the second major cause for the lack of attractiveness of the rail transport. On the rail network in Cluj County are highlighted many railway sections with speed restrictions (Table 54, Fig. 107). Table 54. Railway sections with speed restriction in Cluj County Km restriction position Limited Length Line No. Sections Km Km speed Reason (m) speed position position (km/h) start end 1 Railway line 300 Câmpia Turzii – Valea 457+30 457+40 1.1 100 80 30 Track condition Florilor 0 0 Câmpia Turzii – Valea 458+50 459+70 1.2 1,200 80 30 Track condition Florilor 0 0 Câmpia Turzii – Valea 459+70 464+65 1.3 4950 80 50 Track condition Florilor 0 0 Câmpia Turzii – Valea 461+30 461+97 1.4 675 80 75 Curve Florilor 0 5 470+50 472+70 1.5 Valea Florilor – Boju 2200 50 30 Track condition 0 0 484+60 485+38 1.6 Cojocna – Apahida 777 100 50 Track condition 4 1 485+38 487+06 1.7 Cojocna – Apahida 1,679 100 80 Curve 1 0 488+71 489+23 1.8 Cojocna – Apahida 521 100 70 Curve 5 6 488+70 489+22 1.9 Cojocna – Apahida 521 100 70 Curve 7 8 1.1 Cluj-Napoca East – 495+80 495+90 100 120 70 Track condition 0 Cluj 0 0 1.1 Cluj-Napoca East – 495+80 495+90 100 120 70 Track condition 1 Cluj 0 0 1.1 Cluj-Napoca East – 496+46 496+95 499 120 95 Curve 2 Cluj 0 9 1.1 Cluj-Napoca East – 496+50 498+33 1,828 120 100 Curve 3 Cluj 2 0 1.1 Cluj-Napoca East – 501+12 501+18 60 120 30 Curve 4 Cluj 1 1 1.1 Cluj-Napoca East – 501+12 501+39 269 120 30 Curve 5 Cluj 1 0 1.1 507+74 509+40 BaciuTriaj – Mera 1664 80 70 Curve 6 0 4 245 Km restriction position Limited Length Line No. Sections Km Km speed Reason (m) speed position position (km/h) start end 1.1 507+73 509+38 BaciuTriaj – Mera 1,652 80 70 Curve 7 3 5 1.1 515+84 516+58 Mera – Gârbău 741 85 75 Curve 8 5 6 1.1 515+84 516+59 Mera – Gârbău 757 85 75 Curve 9 2 9 1.2 520+41 520+46 Mera – Gârbău 50 85 70 Crossing 0 5 5 1.2 520+41 520+46 Mera – Gârbău 50 85 70 Crossing 1 5 5 1.2 524+77 525+78 Gârbău – Aghireș 1,002 85 65 Curve 2 8 0 1.2 524+74 525+76 Gârbău – Aghireș 1,021 85 70 Curve 3 5 6 1.2 535+43 535+48 Aghireș – Stâna 50 65 30 Crossing 4 0 0 1.2 539+78 540+67 Aghireș – Stâna 885 65 60 Curve 5 8 3 1.2 540+67 546+85 Stâna – Huedin 6,179 80 60 Curve 6 3 2 1.2 540+67 546+86 Stâna – Huedin 6,193 80 60 Curve 7 3 6 1.2 553+00 553+87 Huedin – Brăișoru 869 100 90 Curve 8 5 4 1.2 552+98 553+88 Huedin – Brăișoru 903 100 95 Curve 9 5 8 1.3 560+89 562+83 Brăișoru – Poieni 1,935 80 65 Curve 0 6 1 1.3 560+88 562+83 Brăișoru – Poieni 1,944 80 65 Curve 1 7 1 1.3 564+30 564+40 Brăișoru – Poieni 100 80 50 Crossing 2 0 0 1.3 564+30 564+40 Brăișoru – Poieni 100 80 50 Crossing 3 0 0 1.3 567+28 567+38 Conversion to single-track St. Poieni Y end 100 70 30 4 5 5 working 1.3 Ciucea – Piatra 573+83 575+00 1,165 85 60 Curve 5 Craiului 9 4 1.3 Ciucea – Piatra 575+33 576+85 1,523 85 70 Curve 6 Craiului 4 7 1.3 Ciucea – Piatra 580+57 581+63 1,068 85 80 Curve 7 Craiului 0 8 1.3 Ciucea – Piatra 582+24 583+42 1181 85 65 Curve 8 Craiului 4 5 1.3 589+00 590+06 Bulz – Bratca 1,065 70 65 Curve 9 1 6 1.4 592+45 594+14 Bulz – Bratca 1,692 70 60 Curve 0 0 2 1.4 597+31 599+70 Bratca – Șuncuiuș 2,388 70 65 Curve 1 2 0 246 Km restriction position Limited Length Line No. Sections Km Km speed Reason (m) speed position position (km/h) start end 1.4 Șuncuiuș – 601+29 605+80 4,512 70 60 Curve 2 VaduCrișului 6 8 1.4 611+21 611+26 VaduCrișului – Aleșd 50 120 100 Crossing 3 0 0 1.4 613+42 613+47 VaduCrișului – Aleșd 50 120 100 Crossing 4 5 5 2 Railway line 412 2.1 Apahida – Jucu 0+176 0+371 195 100 70 Curve 2.2 Apahida – Jucu 2+701 4+525 1824 100 90 Curve 2.3 Bonțida – Iclod 16+254 22+704 6450 70 50 Track condition 2.4 Dej-Călători – Cășeiu 46+542 48+785 2243 80 50 Curve Crossing km 58+530, 2.5 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 58+505 59+525 1020 85 60 59+502 2.6 Apahida – Jucu 2+708 4+586 1878 100 90 Curve Crossing km 58+530, 2.7 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 58+505 59+525 1020 85 60 59+502 3 Railway line 416 Dej-Călători – Dej- 3.1 0+630 0+680 50 80 10 Bridge Triaj Dej-Călători – Dej- 3.2 0+425 1+107 682 80 50 Curve Triaj Total 71,730 m. Reasons for speed reduction: 8 – track condition; 34 – curve; 9 – crossing; 1 – bridge; 1 – conversion to single-track working Source: Regional Railway Branch Cluj, 2019 247 Figure 106– Line sections with speed restrictions in Cluj County. Source: authors From the analysis of the tabular data it is found that within Cluj County there are 51 railway sections with speed restrictions, which amount 71.730 km representing 29.88% of the total length of the currently operational railways. The most frequent cause for running speed reduction is represented by the curved section of lines where, due to the wear of the track, track fastening systems on the sleeper and of the sleepers there is a risk of trainsets derailment (Fig. 108). On the rail network in Cluj County are mentioned 34 sections with speed reduction due to curves, which amounts to 53.213 km representing 74.18% of the total length of the speed restrictions and 22.17% of the total length of the operable rail network of the county. Speed reduction varies from 10 km/hour to 90 km/hour. Running speed reduction on the county's railways is also due to another major cause, which is prone to grow – track condition. This is related either to the track level of wear or to the impact of natural hazard threats (landslides, floods) on it. The total length of railway sections affected by this speed reduction's cause amounts to 15.877 km representing 22.13% of the total length of the speed restrictions and 6.61% of the total length of the operable rail network of the county. Other causes found on the rail network and which determine running speed reduction are the level crossings, bridges or conversion from double-track to single-track working. The average running speed for all the sections affected by reductions on the network is decreased from 88.3 km/hour to 63.3 248 km/hour, which represents a loss of 25 km/hour meaning 28.3% lower than the average design speed of the network calculated over a century ago. The highest losses in average speed are recorded on line 416, which are of 50 km/hour between Dej- Triaj and Dej-Călători stations followed by line 300 with a loss of 24.43 km/hour and line 412 on Apahida – Dej – Gâlgău section with a loss of 21.42 km/hour. (Fig. 109). Figure 107– Derailment of a freight train on Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor section in Cluj County on 6 November 2019 Source: http://www.monitorulcj.ro/actualitate/48801-un-tren-de-marfa-incarcat-cu-motorina-a-deraiat-la- cluj-#sthash.Im0VvdXw.dpbs 249 Figure 108– Travel time by train in Romania starting from Bucharest Source: http://geografilia. blogspot.com/2019/08/durata-calatoriei-cu-trenul-in-romania.html All these causes lead to an increase of train journey times on the network well above those normal on a network upgraded and updated to the current standard. This situation makes that, in 2019, a journey by train from Cluj-Napoca to Bucharest to take 10 hours with an average running speed of 54 km/hour, while a journey from Cluj-Napoca to Oradea takes 4 hours with an average speed of only 37.5 km/hour. 3.5. Railway bridges Railway infrastructure on the territory of Cluj County includes 78railway bridges of which 37 are on the artery line 300 between stations Câmpia Turzii and Piatra Craiului, 38 on the railway line 412 between stations Apahida and Gâlgău, 1 bridge on the railway line 416 between stations Dej-Călători – Dej-Triaj, 2 bridges on the industrial line Dej – Ocna Dej (Table 55, Fig. 110). 250 Table 55. Railway bridges in Cluj County Km Length No. Location Span (m) Remarks position (m) 1 300/ Bucharest - Episcopia Bihor 1.1 450+915 Câmpia Turzii 18.00 20.95 1.2 450+979 Câmpia Turzii 32.00 37.73 1.3 452+062 Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor 76.80 90.00 1.4 452+414 Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor 16.10 22.93 1.5 456+694 Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor 6.65 5.05 1.6 462+094 Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor 5.00 9.65 1.7 464+405 Valea Florilor 4.60 6.78 1.8 467+354 Valea Florilor – Boju 5.70 26.12 1.9 482+800 Tunel – Cojocna 4.80 30.25 1.10 487+650 Cojocna – Apahida 6.60 10.60 1.11 489+848 Apahida 6.00 8.00 1.12 491+961 Apahida – Cluj-Napoca - Est 4.85 8.20 During 2016-2019 repair 1.13 493+018 Apahida – Cluj-Napoca - Est 15.80 21.95 works/line I have been carried out 1.14 493+875 Apahida – Cluj-Napoca - Est 4.70 6.80 1.15 495+811 Cluj-Napoca - Est 4.80 8.80 1.16 499+291 Cluj-Napoca - Est – Cluj-Napoca 9.00 11.10 1.17 499+813 Cluj-Napoca - Est – Cluj-Napoca 30.00 40.00 1.18 500+235 Cluj-Napoca - Est – Cluj-Napoca 7.20 10.00 1.19 500+532 Cluj-Napoca - Est – Cluj-Napoca 26.90 28.60 1.20 501+095 Cluj-Napoca 85.80 106.70 1.21 510+921 Baciu – Mera 6.30 7.50 1.22 521+627 Gârbău 6.00 9.80 251 Km Length No. Location Span (m) Remarks position (m) 1.23 522+537 Gârbău 12.00 17.00 1.24 523+497 Gârbău – Aghireș 31.30 35.40 1.25 524+699 Gârbău – Aghireș 4.70 10.00 1.26 524+955 Gârbău – Aghireș 4.70 6.00 1.27 525+369 Gârbău – Aghireș 32.00 37.10 1.28 526+361 Gârbău – Aghireș 6.40 10.10 1.29 529+275 Aghireș 5.50 6.00 1.30 530+777 Aghireș – Stâna 5.30 12.90 1.31 552+042 Huedin 4.60 4.96 1.32 559+635 Brăișoru 4.60 6.80 1.33 561+888 Brăișoru – Poieni 5.30 5.90 1.34 565+552 Brăișoru – Poieni 8.50 9.00 1.35 566+445 Poieni 4.70 6.50 1.36 573+461 Ciucea 12.85 16.00 1.37 580+593 Ciucea – Piatra Craiului 8.40 11.75 2 412 Apahida – Baia Mare 2.1 2+336 Apahida – Jucu 4.60 7.40 2.2 3+706 Apahida – Jucu 6.50 7.10 2.3 3+889 Apahida – Jucu 96.00 97.71 2.4 5+856 Apahida – Jucu 18.00 24.40 2.5 7+578 Apahida – Jucu 6.00 9.70 2.6 9+284 Jucu station 8.00 11.96 2.7 13+612 Jucu – Bonțida 21.00 23.20 2.8 14+100 Jucu – Bonțida 12.60 13.10 2.9 14+685 Jucu – Bonțida 4.80 7.50 252 Km Length No. Location Span (m) Remarks position (m) 2.10 14+904 Jucu – Bonțida 5.00 6.60 2.11 15+772 Bonțida station 6.00 4.68 2.12 19+573 Bonțida – Iclod 21.00 24.40 2.13 20+572 Bonțida – Iclod 26.00 27.20 2.14 21+537 Bonțida – Iclod 9.20 13.90 2.15 22+212 Bonțida – Iclod 6.50 9.13 2.16 23+969 Iclod – Gherla 21.60 23.00 2.17 24+848 Iclod – Gherla 6.00 6.20 2.18 25+811 Iclod – Gherla 26.00 30.00 2.19 29+904 Iclod – Gherla 93.00 97.00 2.20 33+972 Gherla – Dej-Călători 5.70 6.00 2.21 34+614 Gherla – Dej-Călători 4.75 8.00 2.22 35+152 Gherla – Dej-Călători 21.00 23.00 2.23 37+152 Gherla – Dej-Călători 93.00 95.80 2.24 40+705 Gherla – Dej-Călători 6.40 8.15 2.25 43+872 Gherla – Dej-Călători 7.80 10.20 2.26 47+005 Dej-Călători station 120.00 124.00 2.27 47+488 Dej-Călători – Cășeiu 25.00 26.50 2.28 48+376 Dej-Călători – Cășeiu 8.50 12.00 2.29 48+826 Dej-Călători – Cășeiu 24.00 24.80 2.30 50+582 Dej-Călători – Cășeiu 4.80 5.40 2.31 51+485 Dej-Călători – Cășeiu 5.20 7.50 2.32 53+656 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 37.95 41.55 2.33 55+259 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 5.20 5.70 2.34 57+143 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 4.80 5.40 253 Km Length No. Location Span (m) Remarks position (m) 2.35 57+529 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 5.30 5.80 2.36 58+526 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 10.00 11.00 2.37 60+130 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 6.30 8.00 2.38 61+276 Cășeiu – Gâlgău 5.30 5.80 3 Dej – Ocna Dej line 3.1 0+711 Dej-Călători – Ocna Dej 6.40 8.00 3.2 1+709 Dej-Călători – Ocna Dej 6.50 8.00 4 416 Dej – Beclean 4.1 0+658 Dej-Călători – Beclean 20.80 22.50 Source: Regional Railway Branch Cluj, 2019 254 Figure 109– Location of railway bridges on the territory of Cluj County Source: authors Currently, there is no information available on their technical features and conditions and consequently no analyses can be carried out and no conclusions can be drawn. 3.6. Railway stations and halts In Cluj County, the Regional Railway Branch Cluj has 10 movement stations and 15 movement halts. These serve the passenger traffic, freight transport as well as other specific activities in the field (rolling stock verification, forming and splitting up trains, traction relay, rail traffic monitoring etc.). Stations and halts are located within localities through which the railway pass and are in different conditions (Table 55). From the data sown in Table 56 results that the condition of these railway infrastructure components in Cluj County are unsatisfactory, especially in the case of halts, of which over 66% are in a very bad condition, no repairs or upgrade works being carried out during the last 30 years. In the case of railway stations, the situation is relatively good, only 3 out of 10 station being in a very bad condition, 3 being in a medium condition, 2 in a good condition and one in a very good condition (Gherla station, rehabilitated in 2019) (Fig. 111). 255 Table 56. Operating railway stations and halts in Cluj County Line's No. Station's name Condition Recommended works Remarks name Railway stations In 2018 the Investment Division carried out a 1 Câmpia Turzii Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul procurement procedure – not completed 2 Apahida Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 3 Cluj-Napoca Est Line 300 Medium Requires outside painting Requires routine 4 Cluj-Napoca Line 300 Good maintenance works 5 Aghireș Line 300 Medium Requires outside painting Requires routine 6 Huedin Line 300 Good maintenance works 7 Poieni Line 300 Medium Requires outside painting 8 Gherla Line 412 Very good - Rehabilitated in 2019 Feasibility study in process 9 Dej-Călători Line 412 Very bad Requires major overhaul of procurement Requires outside and inside 10 Dej-Triaj Line 412 Bad painting Railway halts 1 Călărași Turda Line 300 Very good - Rehabilitated in 2019 2 Valea Florilor Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 3 Boju Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 4 Tunnel Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 5 Cojocna Line 300 Very good - Rehabilitated in 2017 6 Baciu-Triaj Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 7 Mera Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 8 Stâna Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 9 Brăișoru Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 10 Ciucea Line 300 Medium Requires outside painting 11 Piatra Craiului Line 300 Very bad Requires major overhaul 12 Jucu Line 412 Medium Requires outside painting 13 Bonțida Line 412 Medium Requires outside painting Requires routine 14 Iclod Line 412 Good maintenance works 15 Cășeiu Line 412 Very bad Requires major overhaul Source: Regional Railway Branch Cluj, 2019 256 Figure 110– Location of operating railway stations and halts in Cluj County Source: authors This situation and other found and presented caused a severe drop in the option of using the rail transport as means of transport, this being chosen only when there are proven financial benefits compared with road or air transport (e.g. in case of students who benefits of a 100% reduction or other population groups that benefit of large discounts). In the case of stations with a very bad condition, all existing equipment inside these is in an advanced degree of physical wear and tear and obsolescence, many of them dating from the 1970s-1980s, requiring overhauls in the shortest possible time, based on the needs of the moment. The most serious shortcomings found in these stations and halts are related to the sanitation facilities, lack of running water, heating systems and waiting rooms, information systems are completely missing, building is in an advanced wear condition etc. (Fig. 112). Railway stations and halts falling in average condition category benefited of rehabilitation works during the last three decades, but still require maintenance and upgrading works (Fig. 113). The stations rehabilitated over the last years benefited of large upgrading works, which can also be observed in the quality of services provided. This is the case of Gherla station, which in 2019 benefited of full upgrading works (Fig. 114). 257 Figure 111– Railway halt BaciuTriaj, which is in a very poor condition Source: https://upload. wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gara_Baciu_Triaj.jpg Figure 112– Railway halt Bonțida, which is in a medium quality condition Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gara_Bon%C8%9Bida.jpg 258 Figure 113– Railway station Gherla, rehabilitated in 2019 Source: https://www.gherlainfo.ro/mersul-trenurilor-2019-din-decembrie-noul-mers-de-la-gherla-si-dej 3.7. Railway operators In the territory covered by Regional Railway Branch Cluj – Cluj County – railway transport operators, holding transport license and safety certificate, have opened journey routes and operate transport services type A, B or C as follows: a). Type A – passenger transport services: SNTFC “CFR Călători” SA, SC TransferoviarCălători SRL, SC InterregionalCălători SRL. SNTFC “CFR CĂLĂTORI” SA is the main passenger transport operator on the territory of Cluj County. The company is organized and operates under the Government Decision no. 584/1998 on the establishment of the National Railway Company for Passenger Transport “CFR Călători”SA through the reorganization of the National Company of the Romanian Railways, as amended and supplemented, the Companies’ Law no. 31/1990, republished, as amended and supplemented, as well as the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 109/2011 on the corporate governance of public companies, as amended and supplemented. Its main scope of business is the long-distance railway transport of passengers in national and international traffic as well as the “provision of railway passenger transport services in regional and interregional traffic to meet the national public interest and the social and defense needs of the country, based on the competitive economy with the aim of profit”. The motor stock owned by the state company, consisting of locomotives, diesel multiple units and electrical multiple units, although significant in number of units, its age is over the average of more than 30 years. From the total fleet of about 1,090 units, CFR Călători currently uses around 800. Out of these, around half were upgraded in the last 15-20 years. Among the last years’ procurements there are 120 diesel multiple units DESIRO, known as “Blue Arrow” and 11 AM diesel multiple units type ADH11 (Table 57). With reference to cars, CFR Călători owns about 2,290 units, 90% being coaches (I or II class). Of these, 304 cars are newly built (made between 1996-2011), with air conditioning and able to travel with speeds of up to 160-200 km/h. Out of the 929 upgraded cars between 1997-2013, 406 are not fitted 259 with air conditioning systems, 164 are individual double-deck coaches and 28 are double-deck coaches, arranged in seven fixed formations of four cars, the so called double-deck trains. Table 57. Rolling stock owned by SNTFC “CFR Călători” SA Inventory fleet Active fleet No. Rolling stock type Average age (years) (no.) (no.) 1 Electric locomotives 358 230 33 2 Diesel-electric locomotives 238 84 37 3 Diesel-hydraulic locomotive 190 86 37 4 Electrical multiple units 34 18 > 40 5 DESIRO 120 87 6 6 LVT-LVS 48 15 > 40 7 Railcar 700 series 15 6 > 60 8 Railcar 900 series 68 28 > 60 9 Railcar 1000 series 8 8 > 60 10 Railcar 282 2 0 18 11 Railcar DUEWAG 2 1 17 12 Railcar ADH 11 11 11 5 13 Auxiliary fleet 13 8 > 40 Source: Market survey in railway passenger transport, 2017 Special cars include a number of 227 units with sleeping berths, 22 dining cars, upgraded between 2002 and 2008, and two 9883 series wagons for the transport of automobiles in the passenger trains (Table ). Table 58.Hauled stock owned by SNTFC “CFR Călători” SA New built Upgraded Not-upgraded Total coaches No. Hauled stock type coaches coaches coaches (no.) (no.) (no.) (no.) Coaches 304 929 806 2039 1 Share of total number (%) 14.91 45.56 39.53 100.00 Special vehicles 9 236 6 251 2 Share of total number (%) 3.59 94.02 2.39 100.00 Total coaches fleet 313 1,165 812 2,290 3 Share of total number (%) 13.67 50.87 35.46 100.00 Source: Market survey in railway passenger transport, 2017 260 Despite the transport conditions offered and the promotions carried it can be seen that the load factor for the available seats on CFR Călători total number of trains, Regio and Interregio, is still below 50%, with one percent higher on Interregio trains. This is still due to the quality of services offered onboard coaches, the comfort these offer, the ticket price and the journey times. SC TRANSFEROVIAR CĂLĂTORI SRL has, according to specific industry indicators, a market share of about 3.5-5%, percentage that place it on the second place among the private operators. It operates with about 243 employees and a rolling stock fleet consisting of 11 diesel multiple units type VT, 3 cars/motorized cars and 9 diesel multiple units type DH with two cars/motorized cars. Transferoviar Călători has concluded contracts for access to the railway infrastructure with CFR SA for 6 sections, with TransferoviarGrup for 4 sections and with RC-CF Trans for 1 section (Fig. 115). Figure 114– Routes operated by Transferoviar Călători Source: https://www.transferoviarcalatori.ro/mersul-trenurilor/harta.html With a load factor of available seats of over 60%, on three out of the four interoperable sections operated in competition with other railways operators, Transferoviar Călători is placed on the market average of about 65%. SC INTERREGIONAL CĂLĂTORI SRL – which initially joined the area under the name of Regional Călători, Interregional Călători is the third private transport operator for railway passenger transport holding about 1.1-1.6% of the market. With 75 employees, the company operates rolling stock consisting of four own locomotives, one light rail motor tractor Unimog also owned and 16 diesel multiple units on lease. The company operates on three non-interoperable sections, all under Regio regime, which consist of 12 routes in the West and central area of the country. One of the sections, Sărmășag – Săcuieni Bihor, is managed by Apria while the other two sections, Ciumeghiu – Holod – Vașcău and Bistrița – Bistrița Bârgăului are managed by Via Terra Spedition. On the inter operable infrastructure, Interregional Călători operates the Bistrița Nord – Cluj Napoca section, in Regio regime, having as competitor CFR Călători. 261 Based on the turnover and market share analysis it can be seen that of the three operators active on the rail network in Cluj County SNTFC “CFR CĂLĂTORI” SA is the definitive leader, with a turnover of over RON 1.9 billion in 2017, which means a market share of over 85% (Table 59, Fig. 116). Table 59. Turnover and market share of the passenger railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 Turnover Market share No. Name 2016 2017 2016 2017 (RON) (RON) (%) (%) 1 SNTFC “CFR CĂLĂTORI” SA 1,851,574,150 1,977,975,708 84.68 85.80 2 SC TRANSFEROVIAR CĂLĂTORI SRL 97,320,920 94,105,166 4.45 4.08 3 SC INTERREGIONAL CĂLĂTORI SRL 27,963,000 30,704,213 1.28 1.33 Source: Monitorul feroviar 2016-2018 Figure 115– Turnover of the passenger railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 (RON) 2.250.000.000 2016 2017 2.000.000.000 1.750.000.000 1.500.000.000 1.250.000.000 1.000.000.000 750.000.000 500.000.000 250.000.000 0 SNTFC „CFR CĂLĂTORI” SA SC TRANSFEROVIAR CĂLĂTORI SRL SC INTERREGIONAL CĂLĂTORI SRL Source: Monitorul feroviar 2016-2018 The other two companies had a market share of under 5% in 2017, SC TRANSFEROVIAR CĂLĂTORI SRL declining and SC INTERREGIONAL CĂLĂTORI SRL growing. This situation provides for a low competition on the railway passenger transport market, reflected both in service quality and prices charged. b). Type B – freight transport services: SNTFM “CFR Marfă” SA, SC GrupFeroviarRomân SA, SC TransferoviarGrup SA, SC Unicom Tranzit SA, SC Cargo Trans Vagon SA, SC Vest Trans Rail SA, SC Deutsche Bahn Cargo Romania SRL, SC GP Rail Cargo SA, SC MMV Rail Romania SA, SC Express Forwarding SRL. 262 These are specialized on different types of freight transport, from raw materials to finished products, and have wagons adapted for the transport of specific goods. These wagons are integral part of the freight trains, which are formed and split-up in stations that also have a section for freight trains, in the premises of the producers of raw material (quarries, mines) or finished products (refineries, factories, agroindustrial farms etc.) and then are moved on the rail network as combined or uniform trainsets hauled by locomotives, which can be owned by the carrier or by the largest national operator SNTFM “CFR Marfă” SA. SNTFM “CFR MARFĂ” SA2 – provides on the transport market railway products and services which target all interested customers, i.e. direct customers (forwarders and consignee), transport organizers, other railway transport operators. Railway products and services provided by CFR Marfa to the direct customers are: 1). Railway transport of freight that are accepted on the railway; these are mentioned in the Freight Denominations in the Freight Domestic Fare of CFR Marfă (TIM), namely in the Harmonized Freight names established by the International Union of the Railways, upon having consulted the World Customs Organization. The transports are carried out between the stations on the CFR network. Railway freight services are tailored to the characteristics of the goods and meet the customers’ requirements concerning the nature of traffic (domestic or international), the type of traffic (conventional wagons or combined traffic) and the volume of carriages. Thus, CFR Marfă orga nizes transports in: - single wagons; - groups of wagons with a minimum 5 physical wagons and maximum 10 physical wagons; minimum 11 physical wagons and maximum 20 physical wagons for those consignments that are delivered on the same consignor station and the same consignee station; - multi-group or antenna trains having at least two groups of wagons (antennas) running together on a significant segment of their forwarding route; - complete train load made up of wagons running between the same consignor station and the same consignee station meeting the requirements for minimum ton load or minimum length specific to the route and having a unique fare payer. To carry out transports, CFR Marfă provides to customers its own wagons of different types, but it may also form its trains with any other wagons accepted to run on the CFR network (customer-owned wagons, wagons owned by other railway transport operators, including foreign, or 1,520 mm-gauge wagons adapted for 1,435 mm axles). 2). Railway shunting services, which may be carried out according to the respective distance or duration, in the CFR railway stations and on all industrial lines connected to those stations, for the introducing and taking out of loaded or empty wagons on/from the public lines in the stations, introducing and taking out of loaded or empty wagons on/from the customers’ loading/unloading ramps or the latter’s weighing ramps or other wagon movements requested by the customers. 2 http://www.cfrmarfa.cfr.ro/index.php 263 3). Weighing of loaded or empty wagons on the CFR Marfă scales. 4). Renting of CFR Marfă-owned wagons. 5). Renting CFR Marfă-owned locomotives. 6). Reserving of CFR Marfă-owned wagon fleet in order to carry out transports in the customer’s interest. 7). Recording customer wagons in the CFR Marfă fleet, in order to manage them according to current railway regulations. 8). Customs commissioning services. 9). Other services (establishing transport documents, sealing etc.). CFR Marfă is also open to the cooperation with the private railway transport operators in Romania to make the transport services effective and it may provide the following services for them, according to its capabilities and available resources and without affecting contracts concluded with its own customers: 1). Towing and pushing private operator-owned trains on certain segments on their route. 2). Providing secondary locomotives. 3). Renting CFR Marfă-owned wagons and locomotives. 4). Shunting wagons. 5). Weighing wagons on CFR Marfă scales. 6). Providing accommodation to the private operator personnel in CFR Marfă-dedicated buildings. 7). Carrying out inspections of trains in the consignor stations, on the route or in the consignee stations. 8). Managing the wagons fleet. 9). Providing freight transport in partnership on certain route segments. S.C. GRUP FEROVIAR ROMÂN S.A.3 – joint stock company with entirely private share capital. It is a services provider with the main scope of business to provide public rail freight transport as licensed railway transport operator as well as freight wagons shunting on industrial lines. The company offer also include railway freight forwarding using its own fleet of locomotives and wagons, wagons rental 3 https://gfr.ro/?lang=en 264 for railway freight transport, inspections, repairs and maintenance of rolling stock and railway lines. S.C. GFR S.A. holds the entire share package of the freight wagons, of different gauge, transshipment company, S.C. GFR TVM S.A. with work sites in all CFR stations from the border with Ukraine and Republic of Moldova. To carry out routine repairs and upgrading to its wagons, the company owns S.C. REVA S.A. Simeria and S.C. REMAR S.A. Pașcani, specialized in railway wagon repairs, construction and upgrading of passenger cars and freight wagons. SC TRANSFEROVIAR GRUP SA4 – joint stock company with entirely private share capital. It is a services provider with the main scope of business to provide rail transport and shunting services for freight and passengers, railway infrastructure management and railways, roads and highways construction. The company also carry out freight transport both on the public lines belonging to C.N.C.F “CFR” SA and on the private lines of the trading companies where it ensures the entire package of railway services (repairs and maintenance of the lines, bridges, culverts, buildings, S.C.B installations, shunting, drawing up of specific documentations etc.), operating both on interoperable and non-interoperable lines. The main services the company provide are: - domestic and international transport of freight and rolling stock; - railway shunting operations on TFG main and secondary lines; - freight trains inspection in railway stations (at formation, in transit, at arrival); - consultancy and expert advice in the field of rail transport; - establishment of customs formalities for domestic and international carried freight. SC UNICOM TRANZIT SA5 – private railway operator and freight forwarder active in Romania since 1994. The company is part of Unicom Group of companies. It owns wagons for a broad range of freight, from petroleum and coal products to crops and containerized cargo. It also owns an electric and diesel locomotives fleet, which allows it to carry out transports over the entire railway infrastructure in Romania. It transports freight both in complete trains and in group of wagons and even in individual wagons. Taking into account its daily operations include a relatively large number of trains, the company has the possibility to optimize the transport costs for different quantities of freight with different routes. While it operates transport with its own locomotives only on the Romanian territory, it also operates international transports in partnership with railway operators from abroad. Thus, the company is able to provide integrated transport logistics on any import-export or transit relation. 4 https://www.transferoviarmarfa.ro/ 5 http://unicom-group.ro/tranzit/servicii.html 265 SC VEST TRANS RAIL SA6 – provides a diverse range of services in the field of railway freight forwarding as well as related services to it, such as detailed analyses and advice with the aim to propose its clients the best transport solutions. The main services the company provide are: - railway freight transport; - railway shunting activities on industrial lines; - technology assessment and customers’ needs correlation with the requirements of the railway activity and specialized railway logistics; - qualitative and quantitative analysis of rail transport indicators, transport of raw materials and finished products from and to the customers; - transport capacity assessment, shunting, side tracking, storage and identification of critical points in achieving an investment plan, which could lead to the benefits increase and costs reduction; - planning of railway infrastructure development taking into account the long term need to increase capacity further the expected increase of freight transport; - ensuring compliance with the legal requirements specific to rail transport sector as well as high quality services. The company also offers a full range of services in the field of railway freight forwarding in border stations Giurgiu Nord, Curtici, Episcopia Bihor and StamoraMoravița as follows: - delivery/reception operations related to wagons documentation to and from the railway operators in the border-crossing point, including - wagons reception as representative of the Romanian railway operator from the railway operators from Bulgaria, Hungary and Serbia; - representation of the railway operator in case of wagons refused for technical reasons in the border crossing point; The company also offers solutions on railway shunting to the customer place for those who have the adequate infrastructure, and also the shunting for wagons introduction and removal at and from the loading/unloading ramps for customers from West and South–West areas of Romania. SC DEUTSCHE BAHN CARGO ROMANIA SRL7– top global supplier in integrated logistics services, and in the light of transported volumes it is the largest railway freight transport company in Europe. 6 http://www.vesttransrail.ro/servicii/ 7 https://ro.dbcargo.com/rail-romania-ro/products_services 266 DB Cargo is the only company that offer its business customers rail transport from one source and covers the entire Europe, irrespective of the branch of activity they have. On the DB Cargo rail network there are about 5,000 freight trains operating on approximately 4,200 siding and terminal lines. With approximately 114,000 freight wagons and 3,400 locomotives, DB Cargo owns the largest train fleet in Europe. Almost 34,000 employees work in Europe every day to ensure the cross-border transport journeys are carried out in an effective and environmentally sound way – with the option ECOPLUS without carbon emissions. The main services the company provide are: 1). Block trains – ensure the transport of large volumes quickly and reliably. A combination of scheduled trains that can be planned well in advance and trains that can be allocated at the last minute ensures the highest possible degree of ordering flexibility, in particular for bulk freight transport. 2). Single car – a comprehensive, flexible solution for single freight cars for national and Europe-wide transport. 3). Intermodal relations – offer intermodal transport complete solutions. 4). DBrailog – organization of rail-based logistics solutions incorporating other means of transport throughout Europe. 5). DBchem-solution – trains for the transport of time-sensitive single freight car transport for the chemical industry in Europe. 6). DBoil-solution – block trains for the transport of minerals. 7). DB disposal-solution – innovative logistics for the disposal and raw material industries. 8). DB paper-solution – just-in-time logistics for the paper & pulp industry throughout Europe. 9). DB metals and coal solution – customer- and industry-oriented solutions for the mining, steel and energy sectors – flexible, reliable and designed for large transport volumes with numerous dedicated freight cars. 10). DB automotive solution – customized solutions suitable for the automotive industry requirements as well as ensuring the safe and reliable transport of parts and vehicles to their destination throughout Europe. The company portfolio of services and solutions designed for industry is augmented by a wide range of additional service modules: 1). Door-to-door logistics – multimodal logistics centers, the DB Schenker ports and DB Schenker logistics centers linked to the European rail network offer intelligent, customized logistics solutions along the entire transport chain. 2). Rail logistics – cost- and service-optimized logistics solutions together with the customers (combining different means of transport). 3). Sidings – with its own loading and unloading siding, the customer can transport its freight directly by rail ensuring its access to any European destination. 267 4). Maintenance – our service centers have the latest technologies for railway vehicles maintenance. We also offer flexible mobile services that allow us to deliver maintenance services on the line or at the customer premises. Based on the turnover and market share analysis it can be seen that of the 10 operators active on the rail network in Cluj County, SNTFM “CFR MARFĂ” SA is the leader, with a turnover of over RON 700 million in 2017, which means a market share of over 33%. On the second place it is S.C. GRUP FEROVIAR ROMAN S.A., with a turnover of about RON 600 million and a market share of over 28%, which together with CFR MARFĂ are the most important freight operators, having together over 60%. The other 8 operators have market shares under 10%, some being on the rise, other stagnating or declining, but all are generating a solid competition for the operators on the first two places of the ranking. It worth to be mentioned that among the operators there are also foreign companies that have entered on the Romanian freight transport market and which they offer integrated transport solutions both in the country and abroad (e.g. SC DEUTSCHE BAHN CARGO ROMANIA SRL) (Table 60, Fig. 117). Table 60. Turnover and market share of the freight railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 Turnover Market share No. Name 2016 2017 2016 2017 (RON) (RON) (%) (%) 1 SNTFM “CFR MARFĂ” SA 655,759,448 704,103,903 31.98 33.85 2 S.C. GRUP FEROVIAR ROMAN S.A. 604,361,448 599,687,336 29.47 28.83 3 SC UNICOM TRANZIT SA 252,794,570 227,200,385 12.33 10.92 4 SC DEUTSCHE BAHN CARGO ROMANIA SRL 192,639,051 195,013,761 9.39 9.37 5 SC VEST TRANS RAIL SA 65,498,997 59,643,688 3.19 2.87 6 SC CARGO TRANS VAGON SA 46,556,223 55,316,741 2.27 2.66 7 SC TRANSFEROVIAR GRUP SA 63,023,375 43,043,562 3.07 2.07 8 SC MMV RAIL ROMANIA SA 29,741,270 34,203,498 1.45 1.64 9 SC GP RAIL CARGO SA 18,156,659 14,336,720 0.89 0.69 10 SC EXPRESS FORWARDING SRL - - - - Source: Monitorul feroviar 2016-2018 268 Figure 116– Turnover of the freight railway operators active on the territory of Cluj County, between 2016 and 2017 (RON) 800.000.000 2016 2017 700.000.000 600.000.000 500.000.000 400.000.000 300.000.000 200.000.000 100.000.000 0 SC UNICOM TRANZIT S.C. GRUP FEROVIAR SC DEUTSCHE BAHN SNTFM „CFR MARFĂ” SC TRANSFEROVIAR SC GP RAIL CARGO SC CARGO TRANS SC VEST TRANS RAIL SC MMV RAIL ROMANIA SA CARGO ROMANIA VAGON SA ROMAN S.A. GRUP SA SRL SA SA SA SA Source: Monitorul feroviar 2016-2018 In this context, there are transport solutions for the current development needs of Cluj County, it is only necessary to upgrade the railway infrastructure. 3.8. Size of the maintenance railway fleet on the territory of Cluj County To carry out interventions in case of events or other specific operations, there is a fleet of intervention means, which consists of: 1 EDK 2000/4 crane – 250 tf; 1 EDK 1000/2 crane – 125 tf; 2 EDK 80/2 cranes – 20 tf. The Regional Railway Branch Cluj owns a fleet consisting mainly of 76 vehicles and heavy machineries to perform mechanized works for track maintenance: - tamping machines: BNRI 85 – 3 pieces; Plasser&Theurer – 2 pieces; - ballast-scarifier and screening machine: MCB 450 – 2 pieces; Plasser&Theurer RM 80 U – 1 piece; - ballast planning and profiling machines: MP 135, 150 – 3 pieces; Plasser&Theurer SSP – 1 piece; - dynamic track stabilizers: Plasser&Theurer DGS – 1 piece; - turnout cranes: DESEC TL 70 – 1 piece; - transport and intervention machines: 53 pieces; - multifunction machines: 2 pieces type COLMAR; - passenger coaches for administrative purposes: 7 pieces. 269 3.9. Places where railway accidents occur (derailment, collisions where roads cross the railway) Railway accidents can be of multiple natures and have diverse causes. These occur both on the network and where the rail network crosses other transport networks such as road network (Fig. 118, 119). Figure 117– Territorial location of railway accidents occurred at classified road network crossings Source: authors 270 Figure 118–Railway accident in the area of the town of Jucu involving a motor vehicle, which took place on 20 August 2019 Source: https://www.news.ro/eveniment/cluj-trafic-feroviar-intrerupt-dupa-ce-un-autoturism-a-fost-lovit- de-un-tren-la-jucu-soferul-este-incarcerat-video-1922405320582019081519092032). Railway accidents which involve road vehicles usually occur at the railway crossings, especially where no warning systems and barriers exist. These accidents often result in casualties and total destruction of the road vehicle. Lately, in Cluj County railway accidents in which road vehicles were involved occurred on all railway sections (see Fig. 119). According to data from Regional Railway Branch Cluj, accidents which involved road vehicles occurred in the following locations: h.m. Iclod – Gherla, rail track I, km 26+950;h.m.Stâna – Aghireș, rail track II, km 533+184; Călărași – Turda – Câmpia Turzii, km 449+680;Gherla – Iclod, rail track I, km 26+355;Huedin, km 551+740;Ciucea – Piatra Craiului, km 580+750;h.m. Jucu – Apahida, km 7+588h.m.Mera – Baciu-Triaj, km 512+407; Apahida – Cluj-Napoca Est, km 491+906; Brăișoru – Huedin, km 553+780; Apahida – Cluj-Napoca Est, km 491+100; Războieni – Călărași Turda, km 441+500; Jucu – Apahida, km 5+908; h.m. Jucu – Apahida, rail track I, km 5+901; h.m. Jucu – Apahida, km 5+47; Apahida – h.m. Jucu, km 5+856; Apahida – Cluj-Napoca Est, rail track II, km 490+800; Apahida – Jucu, rail track II, km 5+476; Dej-Călători – Gherla, km 42+510; Mera – Gârbău, km 518+745; Apahida – Jucu, rail track II, km 5+900. According to these data it can be seen that such accidents occur to the intersection between rail network and lower class or unclassified roads where there are no warning and stopping systems for the road traffic such as barriers. It can also be seen a territorial concentration of accidents in the area of towns Călărași, Dezmir, Baciu, Mera and Brăișoru on the artery line 300 and in the area of towns Jucu, Iclod and Dej on the railway line 412. 271 3.10. Rehabilitation and extension works underway on the rail network in Cluj County Within the investment objectives financed through CN CFR SA own sources, assigned to Regional Railway Branch Cluj, in Cluj County the following works are in progress and will be finalized by the end of 2019: 1). Upgrading of railway level crossings (LC) (design+execution) – 6 level crossings: - LC km. 491+906 between Apahida – Cluj-Napoca Est stations; - LC km. 490+785 between Apahida – Cluj-Napoca Est stations; - LC km. 5+901 between Apahida – Jucu stations; - LC km. 5+476 between Apahida – Jucu stations; - LC km. 45+035 between Gherla – Dej-Călători stations; - LC km. 0+340 in Dej-Călători station. The upgrading works the railway superstructure will be replaced, flexible rubber panels will be introduced and the existing signaling will be replaced with sound/light signaling devices and half- barriers (type AFB). 2). Complete overhaul and thermal rehabilitation of traffic control center building in Dej station. 3). Thermal rehabilitation of the passengers building in Gherla railway station. On the list with investment objectives financed from the state budget in 2019, for Regional Railway Branch Cluj are foreseen the following works in Cluj County: 1). Repairs of the railway line Valea Florilor – Boju, rail track I km 464+687.09 - 472+747.08 (including the direct line III from the railway station Valea Florilor). Currently, the service for project update is being finalized. The documentations will be prepared in view to start the procurement procedure for work execution. 2). Bridge repair at km 493+018 rail track I, railway line 300 Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor, between Apahida – Cluj Napoca Est stations (design+execution). The works have been completed and accepted in 2019. 3). Design and execution works related to the objective “Upgrading the railway level crossings” – batch 1.2 Regional Railway Branch Cluj. In Cluj County, the upgrading of the following level crossings is envisaged: - LC km. 32+152 in Gherla station; - LC km. 0+540 between Apahida – Jucu stations; - LC km. 530+982 between Iclod – Gherla stations. The contract for services and works is in process of signing at CN CFR SA Bucharest. 272 4). Works design (expert's reports, advice documentations of intervention works, technical projects) related to objective “Repairs of railway line 416 rail track I Dej-Triaj – Beclean pe Someș”. Public procurement procedures will be initiated after the documents approval according to provisions of art. 42 and 43 of Law no. 500/2002. “Update of the feasibility study for the electrification and rehabilitation of railway line Cluj-Napoca – Oradea – Episcopia Bihor” is ongoing according to the service contract concluded between CN CFR SA and the design company to which the public tender was awarded. In 2019 have been started the procedures required for the public procurement of services for drawing up feasibility studies for the following investment objectives: “Rehabilitation works for railway bridges, culverts and tunnels – IInd stage – batch SRCF Cluj” – Feasibility study. The funding source will be provided by the State budget, under the Title Expenditure 58 Projects funded by external grants, from the financial framework 2014-2020 – European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) programs. The project “Rehabilitation works for railway bridges, c ulverts and tunnels – IInd stage” is part of the Romanian General Transport Master Plan (RGTMP) and it is proposed to be funded through LIOP, Priority Axis (PA) 2. Developing a high-quality, sustainable and efficient multimodal transport system, Specific objective (SO) 2.7. Increasing the sustainability and quality of rail transport. 5). In Cluj County it is foreseen the rehabilitation of 3 bridges, 3 culverts and 1 tunnel: ✓ Bridges: km 48+826 between Dej-Călători – Cășeiu stations; km 0+658 between Dej-Călători – Dej-Triaj stations; km 3+889, rail track I, between Apahida – Jucu stations. ✓ Culverts: km 440+115, rail track I, between Războieni – Călărași – Turda stations; km 475+647, rail track I+II, between Boju – Tunel stations; km 490+628 rail track II, between Apahida – Cluj Napoca Est stations. ✓ Tunnel: km 473+519-473+749, rail track II, between Boju – Tunel stations. 6). “Upgrading/rehabilitation of 47 railway stations in ROMANIA – feasibility study stageˮ – Feasibility study. The funding source will be provided by the State budget, under the Title Expenditure 58 Projects funded by external grants, from the financial framework 2014-2020. The project “Upgrading/rehabilitation of 47 railway stations in Romania” is part of the Romanian General Transport Master Plan (RGTMP) and it is proposed to be funded through LIOP, Priority Axis (PA) 2. Developing a high-quality, sustainable and efficient multimodal transport system, Specific objective (SO) 2.7 Increasing the sustainability and quality of rail transport. The main objective of the works is to enhance the attractiveness/competitiveness of rail transport by improving the quality of passenger services in the railway stations while improving the safety of operation. Through the project implementation, the railway stations and passenger buildings will comply with the technical parameters required by the standards and the European/international legislation in force. The project implementation will also lead to the achievement of the goals set up in the international conventions and agreements related to the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN) and the technical standards for interoperability (TSI). In the operating radius of SRCF Cluj have been selected 8 stations, of which from those related to Cluj County will be upgraded/rehabilitated the railway station Dej-Călători, an important railway hub. 273 7). “Upgrading of railway level crossings – S.R.C.F. Cluj” – Feasibility study. The funding source will be provided by the State budget, under the Title Expenditure 58 Projects funded by external grants, from the financial framework 2014-2020 – European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 50.81 programs. The project “Upgrading of railway level crossings – S.R.C.F. Cluj” is part of the Romanian General Transport Master Plan (RGTMP) and it is proposed to be funded through LIOP, Priority Axis (PA) 2. Developing a high-quality, sustainable and efficient multimodal transport system, Specific objective (SO) 2.5. Increasing the safety and security level on all modes of transport and reduction of environmental impact of transport. Level crossing upgrade aims to improve the railway traffic safety on the rail network, mitigate the adverse effects on the environment, ensure the movement of people and goods in safe conditions, eliminate and reduce of costs generated by railway accidents and incidents. In Cluj County, the upgrading of the following level crossings has been proposed: ✓ Existing AHB signaling: km 0+300, in Apahida station; km 0+538, in Apahida station; km 33+080, in Gherla station; ✓ Existing IR signaling: km 453+346, between Câmpia Turzii – Valea Florilor stations; km 33+970, between Gherla – Dej-Călători stations. 274 4. AIR TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Air transport infrastructure represents a more specific category of territorial infrastructure, this allowing the aircrafts landing/take off procedures, passengers’ boarding/unboarding, technical maintenance of aircrafts as well as support, air traffic monitoring and control to be carried out. Several auxiliary activities are also carried out at the airport, having the role to provide services to people and economic operators: commercial and catering services, car parking and rent-a-car, border police, goods delivery/reception, postal services etc. The presence of an airport infrastructure on a territory is a great advantage in ensuring connectivity, this being extended to a continental and even global scale. Also, the presence of an airport stimulates the development of the local, county and regional economy by the increase of businessman, financial and human capital mobility. The importance and functionality of an airport is given in a first place by its location on the territory, the length and number of runways, number of passengers and freight terminals, which provide a certain capacity for traffic flow processing, the number of companies that operate and the flight destinations as well as the degree of connectivity of the airport with the land transport infrastructures (road and rail). Cluj County has the advantage that on its territory is located the international airport “Avram Iancu” of Cluj-Napoca, the second most important airport in Romania. 4.1. Geographic location “Avram Iancu” international airport is located in the municipality of Cluj -Napoca, in the eastern side of the city, in Someșeni district, with access from TraianVuia Street. From a geographical point of view, it is located on the hydrological course of Someșul Mic, at an altitude of 316.68 m, having the geographical coordinates 46°47′21″ N and 23°41′32″ E. Currently, the airport polarizes the entire Transylvania region, even if on its territory operates other international airports as well, such as: International airport Transylvania in the city of Ungheni, Mureș County, international airport Sibiu, Sibiu County. The polarization area extends to approximately 250 km from the airport, which means about 4 hours and 30 minutes of journey time on the road network (Table 61). Table 61. The road and rail distances from the cities in the polarization area of the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Nr. Road distance Access time Rail distance Access time Name County crt. (km) (hours) (km) (hours)* 1 Dej Cluj 50 0.47 61 1.20 2 Gherla Cluj 37 0.35 45 0.44 3 Huedin Cluj 58 1.04 50 0.47 4 Câmpia Turzii Cluj 47 0.47 51 0.56 5 Turda Cluj 40.5 0.42 N/A N/A 6 Jibou Sălaj 95 1.30 135 2.47 7 Zalău Sălaj 92 1.33 158 3.41 275 Nr. Road distance Access time Rail distance Access time Name County crt. (km) (hours) (km) (hours)* 8 ȘimleuSilvaniei Sălaj 119 1.55 194 7.52 9 CehuSilvaniei Sălaj 123 1.54 N/A N/A 10 Oradea Bihor 162 2.36 152 2.28 11 Aleșd Bihor 121 1.57 117 1.58 12 Beiuș Bihor 153 2.41 N/A N/A 13 Marghita Bihor 156 2.55 222 8.15 14 Valea lui Mihai Bihor 185 3.23 218 3.45 15 Satu Mare Satu Mare 185 2.49 285 4.49 16 Carei Satu Mare 176 2.44 249 4.11 17 Tășnad Satu Mare 150 2.20 219 4.40 18 NegreștiOaș Satu Mare 183 2.41 N/A N/A 19 Baia Mare Maramureș 141 2.17 193 3.45 20 Sighetu Marmației Maramureș 206 3.39 223 6.38 21 OcnaȘugatag Maramureș 162 2.48 N/A N/A 22 Cavnic Maramureș 137 2.21 N/A N/A 23 TârguLăpuș Maramureș 94.5 1.35 N/A N/A 24 Borșa Maramureș 160 2.34 N/A N/A 25 Vișeu de Jos Maramureș 165 2.41 166 3.48 26 Șomcuta Mare Maramureș 117 1.45 N/A N/A 27 Ulmeni Maramureș 123 1.52 162 3.57 28 Bistrița Bistrița-Năsăud 102 1.46 119 2.44 29 Năsăud Bistrița-Năsăud 97.4 1.31 111 2.10 30 Beclean pe Someș Bistrița-Năsăud 71 1.06 83 1.39 31 Salva Bistrița-Năsăud 93 1.25 105 2.02 32 SângeorzBăi Bistrița-Năsăud 127 2.00 N/A N/A 33 PrunduBârgăului Bistrița-Năsăud 123 2.00 N/A N/A 34 Alba Iulia Alba 103 1.40 121 2.24 276 Nr. Road distance Access time Rail distance Access time Name County crt. (km) (hours) (km) (hours)* 35 Aiud Alba 74.6 1.05 89 1.39 36 Ocna Mureș Alba 74.3 1.03 N/A N/A 37 Teiuș Alba 87 1.16 102 1.54 38 Abrud Alba 133 2.17 N/A N/A 39 Blaj Alba 111 1.49 123 2.25 40 Câmpeni Alba 124 2.08 N/A N/A 41 Zlatna Alba 133 2.00 162 4.32 42 Sebeș Alba 119 1.49 139 2.53 43 Târgu Mureș Mureș 120 2.00 127 2.40 44 Reghin Mureș 96.3 1.39 159 3.52 45 Sărmașu Mureș 54 0.56 126 4.59 46 Sighișoara Mureș 166 2.38 203 3.38 47 Luduș Mureș 75.4 1.11 87 1.55 48 Iernut Mureș 88 1.22 99 2.09 49 Sângeorgiu de Mureș 206 7.14 147 2.13 Pădure 50 MiercureaNirajului Mureș 141 2.11 N/A N/A 51 Sovata Mureș 140 2.28 229 7.46 52 Târnăveni Mureș 107 1.42 161 4.16 53 Gheorgheni Harghita 200 3.07 233 4.33 54 Toplița Harghita 165 2.34 199 3.57 55 Borsec Harghita 191 3.05 N/A N/A 56 CristuruSecuiesc Harghita 187 2.53 N/A N/A 57 OdorheiuSecuiesc Harghita 184 3.04 N/A N/A 58 MiercureaCiuc Harghita 233 3.53 288 5.44 59 Bălan Harghita 239 3.41 N/A N/A 60 Tușnad Harghita 265 4.21 317 6.30 277 Nr. Road distance Access time Rail distance Access time Name County crt. (km) (hours) (km) (hours)* 61 Deva Hunedoara 173 2.35 184 3.51 62 Hunedoara Hunedoara 180 2.41 N/A N/A 63 Petroșani Hunedoara 241 3.33 255 5.47 64 Călan Hunedoara 174 2.23 189 3.56 65 Hațeg (Subcetate) Hunedoara 193 2.39 205 4.12 66 Brad Hunedoara 171 3.04 394 12.57 67 GeoagiuBăi Hunedoara 155 2.16 N/A N/A 68 Orăștie Hunedoara 150 2.07 158 3.04 69 Simeria Hunedoara 166 2.16 175 3.25 70 Petrila Hunedoara 242 3.21 N/A N/A 71 Vulcan Hunedoara 251 3.30 N/A N/A 72 Lupeni Hunedoara 258 3.36 N/A N/A 73 Uricani Hunedoara 263 3.43 N/A N/A 74 VatraDornei Suceava 183 3.10 206 4.02 75 MiercureaCiuc Covasna 233 4.00 288 5.44 76 Mediaș Sibiu 141 2.23 164 3.04 77 Dumbrăveni Sibiu 151 2.25 182 3.21 78 Copșa Mică Sibiu 145 2.16 153 2.51 * only the route to the Cluj-Napoca Station was considered when calculating the railway access times Source: https://mersultrenurilor.infofer.ro/ In case new flight routes are opened, which do not exist on the competing airports, the attraction distance may increase up to 300 km. 278 4.2. The airport history “Avram Iancu” international airport has been established on 1 April 1932 by the Romanian Ministry of Industry and Trade. Before the civil airport being built, the first operations were carried out on the military airfield Someșeni, established by the National Service of Air Navigation (SNNA) in 1928. On 1 May 1933 it is opened the first domestic air transport line Bucharest-Cluj, operated by L.A.R.E.S. (LiniileAerieneRomâne de Stat – Romanian State Airlines). On 11 September 1933, Cluj Airport was declared International Customs Airport and the first international scheduled flight has been performed by the Czech Airlines CSA on the route Prague- Bucharest-Cluj. The aircrafts used were eight seats Avia-Fokkers. In the following years, new routes were opened such as that operated by Aeroflot on Moscow-Cluj-Prague, since 15 November 1935 with McDonnell Douglas DC-2 two-engined 14-seat aircrafts. Domestic flights were also opened on the routes Cluj-Satu-Mare, Cernăuți-Cluj-Arad using Lockheed L-10 Electra (with 10 seats) and de Havilland Dragon Rapide aircrafts. By the end of the 30s, the airport intensified its activities the number of employees increasing from 6 in 1934 to 16 in 1939. During this period, the passengers’ terminal was built and opened in 1939. During the World War II, the airport was turned into a military one, being considered the most important in Transylvania. In 1940, following the Vienna Award the Northern Transylvania was ceded to Hungary and the airport was used by the Hungarian military aviation and Luftwaffe. It has been completely destroyed during the war following the allies bombing, thus the old infrastructure exists now only in that times images (Fig. 120). After the war, the airport resumed the domestic flights operated by Tarom connecting Cluj to other main cities in Romania. The aircrafts used were Lisunov Li-2 / Douglas DC-3 and Ilyushin Il-14. During the 60s, an intensive modernization of the airport was initiated. In 1969 the new passengers’ terminal was commissioned and by 1970 the airport was endowed with the flight security equipment. The airport remained opened for passenger transport until September 1996, when it was opened both for international passenger and cargo transport. In 1996, Cluj County Council started the extension of the terminal building, which was completed in August 1997. On 22 May 2008 the arrivals terminal is commissioned with a total area of 10,812 m2 and a processing capacity of about 2 million passengers/year, the project cost going over EUR 15 million. On 15 May 2009 the commissioning of the departures terminal takes place, with a total area of 16,150 m2 and a processing capacity of about 750 passengers/hour and 1.5 million passengers/year, the project cost being of EUR 25.8 million. The terminal is aimed both for domestic and international flights, disposing of facilities according to international standards. On 20 December 2010, it is the first time in the Cluj airport history that it records 1 million passengers in one year. In 2010, a new project is started (which includes the 3,500 meters runway and its widening from 45 m to 60 m with shoulders, taxiways, marker lighting system and ILS CAT III) with cost estimates of about EUR 120 million without VAT. On 8 September 2011 the works for the new 3,500 m take-off/landing runway begin, stage I – 2,100 m. On 19 December 2011, the Cluj airport closes the second year reaching the threshold of 1 million passengers. 279 Figure 119– Major stages of development for the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj- Napoca Source: Activity report of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca for 2016. Available online: https://www.cjcluj.ro/assets/uploads/Prezentare%20AIAIC%20RO%20ianuarie%202016.pdf On 1 April 2012, Cluj “Avram Iancu” international airport celebrates 80 years of civil aviation. On 26 October 2013 the new take-off/landing runway (stage I – 2,100 m) is commissioned. On 18 December 2013 the 1 million passenger threshold is exceeded for the third year in the airport history. 280 On 30 June 2014 the Golf taxiway and aircraft parking platform Apron 4 were commissioned. On 5 November 2014, Cluj “Avram Iancu” international airport reached for the fourth time in its history 1 million passengers in one calendar year. On 21 September 2017 it is the first time in the airport history the threshold of 2 million passengers is reached in a calendar year. On 16 October 2017 the new aircraft parking platform 2 became operational, with a total area of over 20,000 m2, which ensures 3 parking stands for category C aircrafts (Airbus A321/ Boeing B738). 4.3. Airport Infrastructure On the “Avram Iancu” international airport, two major airport infrastructure components can be distinguished (the runway and the terminal) to which some other complementary facilities are added (taxiways, aircraft parking platforms, electric power station and heating station, cargo terminal, maintenance area for aircrafts, fuel storage, control tower, buildings for handling and firefighting equipment, whether station, distribution transformers, drinking and industrial water tanks, car parking, public lightning systems etc.). These make possible to carry out all the activities required for the airport operation and supply of services for which they were created – transport of passengers and cargo with high added value. By its nature, the airport of Cluj-Napoca is a medium size compared with other airports in Europe, consequently the airport infrastructure is adapted to its dimensions. In this case, in dimensioning the airport infrastructure is also taken into account the geographical position and the natural environment conditions. It is known that the airport of Cluj-Napoca does not have the most favorable location, currently forced by the urban development of the city and of the metropolitan area, along with a series of conditions imposed by the natural environment, which also limit the airport development and the related infrastructure. These natural environment conditions are represented by the morphology of the area, the main wind direction, ceiling altitude, number of foggy days as well as the hydrological course of Someșul Mic River, which is currently blocking the runway extension (Fig. 121). 281 Figure 120– Territorial classification of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: Google Maps According to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations, the international reference code of Cluj-Napoca airport is CLJ, which means that it has a runway with an operational length of 2,040 m on which can operate eight aircrafts with reference field length for take-off/landing of 1,200- 1,800 m, a wing span between 24-36 m and an outer main gear wheel span between 6-9 m (Table 62). Table 62.Reference data on civil airport classification according to ICAO regulations Aircraft reference field Airport code Airport code Outer main gear length for take-of/landing Wingspan (m) number letter wheel span (m) (m) 1 A < 800 < 15 < 4.5 2 B 800-1,200 15-24 4.5-6.0 3 C 1,200-1,800 24-36 6.0-9.0 D 36-52 9.0-14.0 4 E > 1800 52-65 9.0-14.0 F 65-80 14.0-16 Source: Romanian civil aviation Regulation on establishing areas with civil aviation easements and the conditions for approval of technical documentation in these areas or other areas that may pose obstacles to air navigation and flight safety within Romanian airspace or on its territory RACR-ZSAC, edition 1/2015 of 09.06.2015. 282 Due to the above-mentioned issues, currently on the Cluj-Napoca airport operate short- and medium-haul aircrafts: SAAB 2000, Boeing 737-300, Fokker 100, Boeing737-BBJ2, Boeing 737 -800W, ATR72, Boeing 738, Airbus 321, which mainly cover European destinations by scheduled flights and extra-European destinations by charter flights (Fig. 122). Figure 121– Routes and destinations network of the scheduled and charter flights from the “Avram Iancu” international airport (2016) Source: Activity report of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca for 2016. Available online: https://www.cjcluj.ro/assets/uploads/Prezentare%20AIAIC%20RO%20ianuarie%202016.pdf Since the commissioning of the new runway in 2013, stage I, with a length of 2,190 and the air traffic increase it has become Romania's second international airport, status that also reflects in the level of technical equipment and related infrastructure existing on it (Fig. 123). 283 Figure 122– Site plan of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: Activity report of Avram Iancu airport of Cluj for 2019, first semester, 2019 284 4.3.1. Runway infrastructure The take-off runway represents the main technical infrastructure of an airport of its technical characteristics depending the type of aircrafts that can land/take-off, which in turn influence the active tour-operators and their routes (Fig. 124). Figure 123– Airport runway threshold and the moment an aircraft is landing on a runway of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ The current take-off/landing runway (PDA), with the orientation of the landing/take-off direction 07/25 (07 – direction west; 25 – direction east), has a physical length of 2,190 m, the operational length being of 2,040 m and width of 45 m + shoulders with a width of 7.5 m on each side, bearing the classification number PCN 114, which allows the stop of short- and medium-haul aircrafts of category C. The old runway, which served the airport until 2013, having the orientation 08/26 is currently closed for landing/take-off procedures but it is used as taxiway for aircrafts to the ends of the new runway as well as to the aircrafts parking platforms (Fig. 125, Fig. 126). 285 Technical characteristics of the new take-off/landing runway are8: - geographic coordinates of the mid-runway are: 464721N and 0234132E; - geographic coordinates of the runway ends on the direction 07 (SW-NE) are: 464724.70N- 0234147.26E – 464704.10N-0234015.86E; - geographic coordinates of the runway ends on the direction 25 (NE-SW) are: 464706.53N- 0234026.61E – 464724.70N-0234147.26E; - runway length between thresholds is of 1,800 m; - rigid pavement structure made of cement concrete; - operational length – 2,040 m; - width – 45 m (concrete) + shoulders (concrete) – 2×7.5 m; - runway strength class PCN 114/ R/ B/ W/ T; - shoulders strength class PCN 42/ R/ B/ W/ T; - runway operational capacity: 12 aircraft movements/hour; - type of allowed traffic: IFR / VFR; - the runway is operational 24/24 hours, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. The runway is fitted with its own lightning system (light marking), category I. The lightning system with the role of providing assistance during the landing/take-off maneuvers and traffic guidance on the runway on ground has the following characteristics (Table 63, Fig. 127, Fig. 128). Table 63- Technical characteristics of the lightning system (light marking) of runway on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca 8 source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13. 286 RWY RWY APCH LGT THR LGH VASIS RWY center line LGT RWY edge line LGT end (type, length, color (MEHT) (length, spacing, color, Designator (length, spacing, LGT intensity) WBAR PAPI intensity) color, intensity) (color WBAR) 900 m / 15 m 1,200 m / 60 m white, LIH CAT I white, LIH Green PAPI 600 m / 15 m 07 840 m 600 m / 60 m red WBAR 3° red/white, LIH LIH yellow, LIH 300 m / 15 m Red, LIH 1,140 m / 15 m 1440 m / 60 m white, LIH CAT I white, LIH Green PAPI 600 m / 15 m 25 900 m 600 m / 60 m red WBAR 3° red/white, LIH LIH yellow, LIH 300 m / 15 m red, LIH Source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13 Figure 124– General site plan of the airport runway on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj- Napoca Source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13 287 Figure 125– Panoramic view of the airport runway on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ Figure 126– Detailed site plan with the lightning system of the airport runway on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13 288 Figure 127– Panoramic view of the airport runway's lightning system on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ To clear the runway of the landed aircrafts and to carry the boarding/unboarding procedures, the runway is assisted by two aircraft parking platforms with the following characteristics: - Apron 1: 9 aircraft parking stands for category C aircrafts (Fig. 129): position 1 – type of aircrafts: SAAB 2000; position 2 – type of aircrafts: Boeing 737-300; position 3 – type of aircrafts: Fokker 100; positions 4-6 – type of aircrafts: Boeing 737-BBJ2; positions 7-8 – type of aircrafts: SAAB 2000; position 9 – type of aircrafts: ATR 72. - Apron 2: 5 aircraft parking stands for category C aircrafts (Fig. 130): positions 10-11 – type of aircrafts: Boeing 737 - 800W positions 14, 16, 18 – type of aircrafts: Boeing 738, Airbus 321 positions 13, 15, 17 – type of aircrafts: Boeing 738, Airbus 321 289 Figure 128–Panoramic view of Apron 1 on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ Figure 129– Panoramic view of Apron 2 on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ 290 4.3.2. Functional airspace around the airport In a three dimensions view, this space is aimed for take-off/landing operations, namely to maneuvers for aircraft alignment with the landing direction in case a direct approach has not been performed (circling flight before landing). This space is mandatory free of obstacles. In the area of this space the following surfaces can be defined (Fig. 131): Figure 130– Functional airspace around the airport: 1, 2. Approach surface; 3. Inner approach surface; 4. Runway strip; 5. Transitional surface; 6. Conical surface; 7. Take-off climb surface Source: Surd V., Bold I., Zotic V., Chira Carmen, 2005 - conical surface - a truncated cone surface sloping upwards and outwards (the inner surface elevation is given by the airport characteristics); - inner horizontal surface I.S. - surface located in a horizontal plane above an airport and its surroundings and represents the lower edge of the conical surface; - approach surface - a combination inclined of planes preceding the runway plane. The slopes of the approach surface shall be measured in the vertical plane containing the center line of the runway; - inner approach surface - (towards the runway with precision approach) rectangular portion of the approach surface immediately preceding threshold; - transitional surface - the determining surface for the limitation of fixed obstacles height located along the side of the runway strip; - inner transitional surface I.T.S.- has the same characteristics as the transitional surface but it is closer to the runway; - balked landing surface B.L.S. - an inclined plane located at a specified distance after the runway threshold, extending between the inner transitional surface. The slope of the B.L.S. shall be measured in the vertical plane containing the center line of the runway; - take-off climb surface - an inclined plane located beyond the end of a runway or clearway; - outer horizontal surface - surface where the obstacle height limitation is mandatory to a maximum of 150 m. 291 For the airport of Cluj-Napoca, due to its location, the functional airspace is developing and extending over the municipality of Cluj-Napoca, and the approach surface on the direction 07 (SW-NE) starts over Mănăștur-Grigorescu district and ends at the runway base. In the eastern side of the airport, the approach surface is developing over the localities Dezmir-Apahida and extending until near the locality Corpadea. For urban regulation purposes, within the airport airspace four airport easement areas are delimited, shown on the General Urban Plan (PUG) of Cluj-Napoca City and of the TAUs neighboring the airport. The airport easement areas are elliptical with a general orientation north-east – south- west (Fig. 132). 292 Figure 131– Functional airspace around “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: General Urban Plan of Cluj-Napoca municipality, Stage 3. Detailing Reference Territorial Units – Local Urban Planning Regulation, 2014 293 In the approach surface plane appear several natural and anthropic obstacles, which directly influence the approach surface slope towards the runway thereby also the aircrafts landing/take-off maneuvers (Table 64). Table 64. Natural and anthropic obstacles located on the intersection with the approach plane towards the runway on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Obstacle coordinates Top obstacle No. Obstacle type altitude (m) Latitude Longitude Landing/take-off direction 07 SW-NE 1 Trees 325.0 464656.45N 0233953.11E 2 Building 325.4 464654.70N 0233951.82E 3 Lightning rod 336.1 464658.54N 0233940.83E 4 Building 384.2 464620.64N 0233747.85E 5 Antenna 386.5 464613.50N 0233726.10E 6 Antenna 382.0 464610.62N 0233705.69E 7 Antenna 391.0 464607.70N 0233656.40E 8 Church 401.6 464619.06N 0233547.06E 9 Church 428.7 464612.44N 0233522.68E 10 Antenna 406.7 464547.23N 0233458.72E 11 Antenna 480.2 464520.20N 0233436.56E 12 Hill 442.0 464517.55N 0233430.29E 13 Building 521.0 464526.70N 0233545.91E 14 Building 526.0 464442.01N 0233528.13E 15 Crane 552.3 464444.39N 0233527.37E Landing/take-off 25 direction NE-SW 1 Asphalt mixing plant 335.9 464737.33N 0234317.85E 2 Hill 460.0 464906.13N 0234709.41E 3 Hill 465.0 464805.48N 0234645.58E Source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13 T 294 hese are represented by trees, hills, antennas, lightning rods, churches, buildings or cranes. The largest number of obstacles in the approach plane are located on the landing/take-off direction 07 SW-NE, within the settlement boundary of Cluj-Napoca municipality. This situation impacts both now and in the future the type and allowable construction height within the settlement boundary, concerning both the location and height, in order to maintain the approach plane of the runway (Fig. 133). On the landing/take-off direction 25 NE-SW, the approach plane is clearer as it intersects only an asphalt production unit and the tops of two hills. The problem is that in this direction the approach plane cross over localities (Apahida, Dezmir) where in the future it will also be necessary to maintain the approach plane by limiting the allowable construction height (Fig. 134, 135). These restrictions generated by the approach plane towards the runway will keep limiting in the future increase of allowable construction height within the settlement boundary, imposing a horizontal development of the city. This is another effect of the close location of an airport to the city to which other add: increase in noise and physical pollution, congestion. However, at the same time there are also advantages of this location, the most important being the access times to and from the airport of the passengers target group. Besides the obstacles located in the approach plane there are also several obstacles located on the conical surface of the airport area, intended for descending maneuvers from the flight route to the runway approach plane (Table 65). 295 Figure 132– Runway approach plane and obstacles on the landing/take-off direction 07 SW-NE Source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13 296 Figure 133– Runway approach plane and obstacles on the landing/take-off direction 25 NE-SW Source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13 297 Figure 134– Panoramic view with the runway, terminal and the airport area from the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source:https://transilvaniareporter.ro/actualitate/ 298 Table 65.Natural and anthropic obstacles located on the intersection with the conical surface from the area of “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Obstacle coordinates Top obstacle No. Obstacle type altitude (m) Latitude Longitude Landing/take-off direction 07 SW-NE 1 Building 510.0 464837.78N 0233841.49E 2 Geodetic point 513.0 464837.48N 0233834.80E 3 Geodetic point 478.2 464833.12N 0234018.69E 4 Hill 440.8 464855.44N 0234242.93E 5 Hill 476.7 464940.91N 0234151.53E 6 Hill 451.2 464617.44N 0234336.52E 7 Hill 458.9 464510.31N 0233907.80E 8 Hill 438.2 464539.68N 0234206.29E 9 Hill 446.6 464538.90N 0234258.75E 10 Hill 536.0 464637.12N 0232910.91E 11 Hill 550.0 464912.61N 0233704.15E 12 Forest 456.8 464443.27N 0234318.02E Source: Romanian Aeronautical Authority, AIRAC AIP Supplement 03/13 4.3.3 Terminal infrastructure The terminal is the second core infrastructure of an airport within which all the activities to process passengers for flight (baggage drop/collection, baggage content check, travel tickets check, border crossing documents check, passengers information etc.), as well as other specific operations of airport activities internal organization (aircrafts traffic monitoring on the runway and in the airport area, weather monitoring in the airport area, interventions in case of force majeure or aircraft accident, commercial services etc.) are carried out. If within the airport there are also cargo terminals, then the airport can also process cargoes with high added value. The terminal of the “Avram Iancu” international airport consists of several buildings (Fig. 136). 299 Figure 135– Overview of the terminal of the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: https://i2.wp.com/radiocluj.ro/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2016/03/Aeroportul-International-Cluj- Napoca.jpg 1). Departures terminal – commissioned on 15 May 2009, has a gross area on three levels of 14,419 m2 (Fig. 137). The terminal has two streams for passengers’ processing: domestic and international (non-Schengen and Schengen), with 24 check-in counters and a processing capacity of 1,500,000 passengers/year, 750 passengers/peak hour. It has 9 boarding gates for passengers (3 domestic and 6 international). The terminal built-up surface is of 6,322 m2 and the gross surface of 14,419 m2 (Fig. 138). 2). Arrivals terminal – commissioned on 22 May 2008, has a gross area on three levels of 10,812 2 m . The terminal has two streams for passengers’ processing: domestic and international (non -Schengen and Schengen), with 3 baggage carousels and a processing capacity of 2,000,000 passengers/year, 750 passengers/peak hour. It has a VIP lounge, commercial premises and 3 access gates. The terminal built-up surface is of 3,952 m2 and the gross surface of 10,812 m2 (Fig. 139, 140, 141). 300 Figure 136– Departures terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://airportcluj.ro/fisiere/userfiles/Prezentare_AIAIC_RO-_Octombrie_2018.pdf Figure 137– Internal layout of departures terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj- Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ 301 Figure 138– Arrivals terminal at the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://airportcluj.ro/fisiere/userfiles/Prezentare_AIAIC_RO-_Octombrie_2018.pdf Figure 139– Belt conveyors for baggage reception in the arrivals terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: https://www.motoroads.com/romania/cluj-napoca-airport.aspx 302 Figure 140– Internal layout of the arrivals terminal within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj- Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ 3). Connecting building – has a built-up surface of 775 m2 and a gross surface of 2,310 m2, intended for public waiting area and administrative area (Fig. 142). Figure 141– Connecting building between the departures and arrivals terminals within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca. Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ 303 4). Old terminal – has abuilt-up surface of 2,030.27 m2 and a gross surface of 3,428.27 sqm, intended for the air traffic service and airport specific structures (Fig. 143). Figure 142– Old terminal building within “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flughafen_Cluj#/media/Datei:Klausenburg-Kolozsv%C3% A1r,_Flughafen_3.jpeg 4.3.4. Air operators on the airport According to the Activity report on the first semester 2019, on Cluj “Avram Iancu” international airportoperate the following airlines: 1). Scheduled passenger flights – 7 airlines (Tarom, Lufthansa, WizzAir, Lot Polish Airlines, Blue Air, Turkish Airlines, Ryanair) (Fig. 144). 304 Figure 143– Airlines carrying out scheduled passenger flights on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca. Activity report on the first semester 2019 TAROM operated scheduled passenger flights to Bucharest-Otopeni and Iași, with Boeing 737-800, Boeing 737-300, Boeing 737-700, Airbus A318, ATR 72-500 and ATR 42-500 aircrafts. LUFTHANSA airline operated flights having as destinations: Munich and Frankfurt-Main with Embraer E190 and Embraer E195 aircrafts. WIZZ AIR carried out scheduled flights having as destinations: Alicante, Athens, Barcelona, Bari, Basel- Mulhouse-Freiburg, Berlin Schoenefeld, Billund, Birmingham, Bologna, Brussels South Charleroi, Cologne, Doncaster, Dortmund, Dubai, Eindhoven, Frankfurt Hahn, London-Luton, London Gatwick, Larnaca, Liverpool, Lyon, Madrid, Malaga, Malmö, Malta, Memmingen, Milano-Bergamo, Nuremberg, Palma de Mallorca, Paris-Beauvais, Rome-Ciampino, Tel Aviv, Valencia, Venice-Treviso, Vienna and Zaragoza with Airbus A320 aircrafts. LOT POLISH AIRLINES carried out scheduled flights to Warsaw with Bombardier Q 400 aircrafts. BLUE AIR carried out scheduled flights to Bucharest-Otopeni, Dublin and Tel Aviv with Boeing B737-300, Boeing B737-400, B737-500, B737-700 and B737-800 aircrafts. TURKISH AIRLINES carried out scheduled flights having as destination Istanbul with Airbus A319, Airbus A320, Boeing B 737-800 and B 737-900 aircrafts. RYANAIR carried out scheduled flights having as destination London Southend with Boeing B 737-800 aircrafts. 2). Scheduled cargo and postal flights – 3 airlines (Silver Air on behalf of the logistics operator TNT, Swiftair on behalf of the logistics operator DHL and Cargo Air behalf of the logistics operator UPS). 3). Tourist charter flights – 13 airlines (AlMasria, Air Bucharest, Aegean Airlines, Atlasglobal, Blue Air, Corendon Airlines, Ellinair, Freebird Airlines, Fly Egypt, Nouvelair, Tailwind Airlines, Tarom and Turkish Airlines). 4). General aviation flights – 22 airlines, cumulating over 250 movements for the first semester of 2019. 305 In the first semester of 2019 over 40 air operators used the airport infrastructure and facilities, providing air transport services for 1,336,374 registered passengers. 4.3.5. Route network During the first semester of 2019, from Cluj Avram Iancu international airport have been operated a total of 44 scheduled domestic and international destinations, thus providing scheduled direct connections to destinations from 21 countries of Europe and Middle East (Fig. 145). Figure 144– Route network available from “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca in the first semester 2019 Source: “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca. Activity report on the first semester 2019 Current domestic destinations. Currently, from Avram Iancu international airport of Cluj-Napoca there are flights to Bucharest, Iași and Constanța (seasonally). The current international destinations are as follows: Vienna (Austria), Brussels South Charleroi (Belgium), Larnaca (Cyprus), Billund (Denmark), Basel Mulhouse Freiburg (Switzerland), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Beauvais and Lyon (France), Berlin Schoenefeld, Cologne, Dortmund, Frankfurt Hahn, Frankfurt Main , Memmingen, Munich, Nuremberg (Germany), Athens (Greece), Dublin (Ireland), Tel Aviv (Israel), Bari, Milano-Bergamo, Bologna, Rome-Ciampino, Venice-Treviso (Italy), Malta (Malta), Birmingham, Doncaster/Sheffield, Liverpool, London Gatwick (route started on 31 March 2019), London Luton, London Southend (Great Britain) (route started on 2 April 2019), Eindhoven (the Netherland), Warsaw (Poland), Alicante, Barcelona, Madrid, Malaga, Palma de Mallorca, Valencia, Zaragoza (Spain), Malmo (Sweden), Istanbul (Turkey). Charter flights for 2019 are as follows: Antalya, Bodrum (Turkey), Crete Chania, Crete Heraklion, Rhodes, Zakynthos, Skiathos, Corfu (Greece), Hurghada, Sharm El Sheikh (Egypt), Monastir and Enfidha (Tunisia). 306 4.3.5.1. Scheduled destinations Considering 2014 as reference year, when on Cluj Avram Iancu international airport have been operated 20 scheduled destinations from 12 countries, in 2018 from Cluj Avram Iancu international airport are operated flights to 45 scheduled destinations of 21 destination countries from Europe and Middle East (Fig. 146). Figure 145– Countries and destinations with the highest number of travelers in the first semester of 2019 Source: “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca. Activity report on the first semester 2019 As a result of aggressive and professional trade and marketing policies, of promotion of the economic, tourist and cultural opportunities in the region, of negotiations with airlines in the first semester of 2019, two new routes were opened from the Cluj Avram Iancu international airport, namely: - London Gatwick – Wizz air, with 7 flights a week starting with 31.03.2019; - London Southend – Ryanair, with 3 flights a week starting with 02.04.2019. The most popular destination from Cluj “Avram Iancu” international airport in the first semester of 2019 was Bucharest Otopeni, with a total number of 194,935 passengers, followed by London Luton with 139,783 passengers carried. In top 10 of successful routes from the airport in the first semester of 2019 are: Munich, Milano Bergamo, Paris Beauvais, Barcelona, Bologna, Madrid, Dortmund and Rome Ciampino. The top destination country served by Cluj Avram Iancu international airport during the first semester of 2019 is Great Britain with its 6 routes, followed by Germany with 8 routes operated towards this country, Italy with 5 routes and Spain with 7 routes. 307 4.3.5.2. Charter tourist destinations During the first semester of 2019, a number of charter flights have been operated by Air Bucharest, AtlasGlobal, Corendon Airlines, Aegean Airlines, Blue Air, Freebird Airlines, Tarom, Fly Egypt, Ellinair, AlMasria Universal Airlines, Tailwind, Nouvelair and Turkish Airlines. The charter tourist destinations offered to Cluj Avram Iancu international airport's passengers during the first semester of 2019 were the following: Antalya (Turkey), Bodrum (Turkey), Hurghada (Egypt), Sharm el Sheikh (Egypt), Monastir (Tunisia), Zakynthos (Greece), Rhodes (Greece), Crete Chania (Greece), Crete Heraklion (Greece), Skiathos (Greece), Corfu (Greece). 4.3.6. Aircraft movements (landings + take-offs) The aircrafts traffic in an airport is given by the number of air operators active in it as well as by the number of routes it covers. Thus, if during 2014 the total number of aircraft movements in the airport was 12,710, in 2018 the number of aircraft movements reaches 23,853. The increase in aircraft movements of 2018 compared with 2014 represents a percentage of approximatively 88%. For 2019, there is an estimation of approximatively 24,130 movements, representing an increase of about 1% against 2018. In the first semester of 2019, on Cluj-Napoca international airport was recorded a total number of 11,762 aircraft movements. Forecasts made to this purpose highlight an upward trend of this indicator also for the coming years, with constant annually values of 2%. This increase will make that by the end of the forecast period the number of aircrafts’ movements to grow with approx. 10,000, which means about 38% (Fig. 147). Figure 146– Forecast of aircraft movements on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, during 2019-2035 Source: “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, 2019 308 4.3.7. Passenger air traffic The passenger traffic is the main technical-economic indicator of an airport efficiency. It represents the number of passengers that travelled with an aircraft belonging to a company which operated on an airport. In case of Cluj-Napoca airport, the passenger traffic had a spectacular evolution over the last 23 years (Fig. 148). Figure 147– Evolution in number of passengers on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, during 1996-2019 Source: “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca. Activity report on the first semester 2019 The first issue that can be noted during this time period is the constant increase of the number of passengers that used the transport services provided by the airport, excepting for 2011 and 2012 when a slight decrease has been recorded in the context of the global economic crisis. The growing process took place in three distinct stages: - stage I – carried out during 1996-2006, is characterized by a slow increase of the number of passengers, from 32,538 to 244,366 passengers, which represents a growth of 651%. This average annual growth rate of about 60% reflects Romania's political and economic situation after the revolution of 1989 and accession to the European Union. The international traffic hasn't gained momentum yet due to the visa regime still in place for the Romanian citizens during that time and the incomes were still low and would not allow them to use the air transport, rail transport was the most used at that time. During this period, the airport of Cluj-Napoca still relied on the legacy airport infrastructure from the socialist period, carrying out transport activities on domestic routes rather than international. stage II – carried out during 2007-2012, is characterized by the beginning of a significant increase in passenger traffic, from 390,434 in 2007 to over 1 million passengers in 2010 (1,028,907), after which a decrease followed in the next couple of years to 932,000 in 2012. This high traffic increase to over 1 million passengers from 2007 to 2010 is due to Romania's accession to the European Union and the visa waiver regime, which caused massive outflows abroad for work, including by air, then the economic crisis occurred with effects also on the passenger traffic. The relative traffic growth recorded in this period was 309 of only 163%, much lower compared with the value of the previous period, but significant if we take into account that within this period the threshold of 1 million passengers was reached for the first time. This period also includes two consecutive years with a decrease in traffic intensity with values of about 100,000 passengers, which represented a reduction with -9,41% in relative values. During this period, the airport of Cluj-Napoca carried out the first modernization works of the old terminal and the foundations for new investment were set. - stage III – carried out during 2013-2018, is characterized by the start of the second significant increase of passenger traffic, from 1,035,438 in 2013 to 2,782,127 passengers in 2018. This constant increase and exceeding the threshold of 2 million passengers in 2017 is due both to the economic growth and the people's living standard following the crisis, international traffic growth for work ant tourist purposes, as well as to the investments achieved in the airport infrastructure, which allowed the aircraft movement growth and the establishment of new routes for passenger traffic. The increase of passenger traffic was of 168%, higher than during the previous period and without any low years. The highest increase was recorded since 2017, when the traffic exceeded 2 million passengers and the recorded increase was of 43%. For 2019 it is estimated a new increase of the passenger traffic of about 2,825,000 passengers, which would represent a growth of about 42,000 passengers (1.54%). The first semester of 2019 was one of consolidation with reference to passenger traffic on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca, which increased with about 3% against the same period of 2018. Thus, was recorded a total of 1,336,734 passengers, compared with the 1,297,087 of the first semester of 2018 (Fig. 149). Figure 148– Passenger traffic evolution in the first semester of 2019 compared with the first semester of 2018 Source: “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca, 2019 Of the total number of passengers registered during the first semester of 2019, 85% is represented by the passengers on international flights and the remaining 15% are passengers on domestic flights (Fig. 150). 310 Figure 149– Passenger traffic structure in the first semester of 2019 Source: “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, 2019 Passenger traffic forecast for the period 2019-2035 shows a further traffic increase to values over 7.5 million passengers. This increase will be caused both to the geographical position of the airport and international traffic growth but especially to the investments in infrastructure foreseen to be accomplished in the airport (e.g. Runway extension to 3,500 m, building of a new passenger and cargo terminal, airport connection to the intermodal transport etc.), which will led to the extension of the continental routes and introduction of transcontinental routes. These changes will determine almost a threefold increase in traffic and the strengthening of the current position as main airport of Transylvania and as the second important airport in Romania. The estimated increase in absolute values will be over 4,800,000 passengers, which means about 172% (Fig. 151). Figure 150– Passenger traffic forecast on “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca, during 2019-2035 Source: “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, 2019 311 With regards to the monthly variation of passenger traffic it can be noticed a number of interesting issues that need to be considered (Table 66). Table 66. Monthly variation in passengers’ number during 2015-2019 on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Passengers Passengers Passengers Passengers Passengers 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Month Growth Growth Growth Growth Growth (no.) 2014- (no.) 2015- (no.) 2016- (no.) 2017- (no.) 2018- 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) I 91716 +34.1 105533 +15.2 171700 +62.7 182333 +6.2 185431 +1.7 II 87554 +31.2 102499 +17.3 159739 +55.8 173890 +8.9 177633 +2.2 III 106923 +36.0 116097 +8.6 187463 +61.5 203030 +8.3 200022 -1.5 IV 120510 +33.4 124936 +3.7 223789 +79.1 231369 +3.4 234610 +1.4 V 124649 +23.5 140897 +13.0 237430 +68.5 242150 +2.0 259347 +7.1 VI 144193 +27.8 163555 +13.4 254943 +55.9 266085 +4.4 280557 +5.4 VII 162828 +26.4 195887 +20.3 284693 +45.3 296094 +4.0 304585 +2.9 VIII 159930 +23.8 213366 +33.4 291994 +36.7 296242 +1.5 312215 +5.4 IX 153595 +26.7 199208 +29.7 271220 +36.1 277735 +2.4 293876 +5.8 X 126272 +14.9 178139 +41.1 249504 +40.1 245972 -1.4 - - XI 105328 +24.4 158619 +50.6 184300 +16.5 179725 -2.5 - - XII 102391 +13.0 181683 +77.3 182511 +0.5 187776 +2.9 - - Annual 1485889 +25.7 1880319 +26.5 2699286 +43.6 2782401 +3.1 2248276 +3.8 Source: https://www.anna.aero/databases/ Thus, during the analyzed period (2014-2019) it can be noticed a constant increase during all years and related months, the highest growths being achieved during 2016-2017, of 79.1% recorded in March (Fig. 152). 312 Figure 151– Monthly variation in passengers’ number during 2015-2019 on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca (nr. pasageri) 350000 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Source: https://www.anna.aero/databases/ The monthly variation in passenger traffic marks out a main maximum in August and a secondary one in January, and a main minimum in November and a secondary one in February respectively. This traffic variation is closely related to vacations and cultural events in Cluj-Napoca, which intensify the traffic until it became double, while the minimums are related to the rest that follows holidays or vacations. This situation also generates an increase of aircraft movements, with direct effects on the airport airspace. 4.3.8. Cargo air traffic This is the second form of air transport and it is carried out either exclusively by cargo aircrafts or in a mixed regime by passenger aircrafts. The cargo air transport is intended for high added value or perishable goods (e.g. electronics, jewellery, watches, luxury clothes, flowers etc.) and can be operated on the airport in the passenger terminals or separated in cargo terminals. On the Cluj airport, the cargo and postal traffic represents a relatively new activity but under continue development during the last years (Fig. 153). 313 Figure 152– Cargo and postal traffic evolution in the first semester of 2019 compared with the first semester of 2018 Source: “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, 2019It has increased during the first semester of 2019 with about 23% against the same period of 2018. Thus, between January and June 2019 it was recorded a cargo traffic of 1,651.99 tons, compared with 1,346.61 tons during the same period of 2018. The evolution of cargo transport on the airport of Cluj-Napoca also highlights a continuous increase, almost exponential between 2012 and 2017 (Table 67, Fig. 154). Table 67.Evolution of cargo and postal transport on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj- Napoca Goods carried in cargo No. Year Absolute growth (t) Growth rate (%) regime (t) 1 2004 138 +31 +29.8 2 2005 213 +75 +54.3 3 2006 187 -26 -12.8 4 2007 254 +67 +35.8 5 2008 413 +159 +62.6 6 2009 385 -28 -6.8 7 2010 354 -31 -8.1 8 2011 744 +390 +101.7 9 2012 885 +141 +18.9 10 2013 1262 +377 +42.6 11 2014 1332 +70 +5.5 12 2015 1680 +348 +26.1 13 2016 2100 +420 +25.0 314 Goods carried in cargo No. Year Absolute growth (t) Growth rate (%) regime (t) 14 2017 2927 +827 +39.0 15 2018 2986 +59 +2.0 Source: “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, 2019 Figure 153– Evolution of cargo and postal transport on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca 2018 2016 2014 2012 2010 2008 2006 2004 (t) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Source: “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, 2019 During the analyzed period drops in cargo transport can be noticed only in 2006, in the period preceding the accession to the EU, and in 2009-2010, with values between 5-13%. The most intense increase has been recorded in 2008, when Romania joined the European Economic Area (EEA), the growth rate reaching +62,6% and in 2011, after the economic crisis when the growth rate exceeded 100%, practically witnessing a two-fold increase and the relaunching of the cargo air transport on the airport of Cluj-Napoca. After 2011, it progressively increased by 20-30%, today exceeding 3,000 tons per year, with an upward trend against the background of IT industry development and of the state of the art technology within the industrial parks from Cluj-Napoca municipality and Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area. To perceive the magnitude of cargo transport growth on the Cluj airport, is to be mentioned that between 2004 and 2018 this increased from 138 tons to 2,986 tons, which represents a growth of 2,063%. 315 4.3.9. Auxiliary services carried out in the airport In an airport, besides the core services several complementary activities are carried out with a view to support the smooth running of the core services or to provide passengers with a number of complementary services necessary for the journey or for spending the time before flight in the airport. These auxiliary services are: air traffic monitoring and control in the airport area, meteorological service, intervention service in case of force majeure (aircraft accident), security service, healthcare and first aid services, car parking service, commercial and public catering services etc. 4.3.9.1. Airport meteorological service The airport meteorological service is the specialized service of DSNA ROMATSA Cluj responsible for the meteorological information of the air traffic services, air operators, airport management, as well as of other users of the aeronautical weather information. Its activity is governed by the requirements of RACR ASMET and RACR – LMET (effective editions), Law no.139/2000 on the meteorological activity and other specific national civil aviation regulations in force, as well as by the provisions of applicable WMO, EC and EASA documents, by ICAO Annex 3, European Air Navigation Plan (EUR ANP) and documents derived from these, represented by manuals, guidance, expert guidance. The meteorological service has duties relating to monitoring and supply of aeronautical weather information, weather observations, surveillance and forecasts for Avram Iancu international airport of Cluj-Napoca, meteorological information of crews and air transport operators, of air traffic control and information bodies on effective and probable weather conditions on the air routes and terminal areas under their responsibility. It also has duties relating to meteorological information of airport operative services regarding the meteorological situation in concerned terminal areas. As technical infrastructure, the airport meteorological service has its own meteorological platform where measurements of all ground meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfalls, wind etc.) are performed. Added to this is the technical staff that permanently monitor the weather and make weather forecasts for the airport and surrounding area in view to avoid risk situations. These own information are correlated and complemented with those provided by the national meteorological system, and the final product is represented by the weather forecasts information based on which the airport control tower guides the traffic in the airport area and on the runway. In case of Cluj-Napoca airport, the weather station is automated and located on the eastern side of the airport territory, providing real time weather parameters to the computations and weather forecasts office of the airport (Fig. 155). 316 Figure 154– Weather station in the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: Google Map Street View 4.3.9.2. Means of rescue and firefighting These are intended to intervene in an emergency and force majeure situation when an aircraft accident occurs in the air on the ground to extinguish fires and save the affected passengers. The means of intervention are different utility vehicles for firefighting, rescue and first aid. In case of Cluj airport, these means are utility vehicles for firefighting specific for ICAO CAT 8 Class interventions (Fig. 156). Figure 155–Utility vehicles intended for firefighting on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj- Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ 317 These are complemented with mobile intervention units for rescue and first aid (Fig. 157). Figure 156– Mobile intervention units for rescue and first aid on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj- Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ 4.3.9.3. Border crossing point in the airport and auxiliary service It operates under the General Inspectorate of Border Police, in airport specific international traffic regime, ensuring the compliance with provisions of treaties, agreements, conventions and international border protocols to which Romania is party, having as main activity the provision of services to the airlines and aircrafts operating in international traffic intended for carrying people and goods over the border. The border police is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and it is the specialized agency of the state exercising its tasks on the supervision and control of the border crossings, preventing and fighting against illegal migration and cross-border specific crime committed within its area of competence, compliance with the legal regime of the state border, passports and foreigners according to GEO no. 104 of 27 June 2001 on the organization and functioning of the Romanian Border Police. The service is locate within the departures terminal and operates 24 h/day, performing the check of travel documents (identity card or passport) as well as other specific documents for the border crossing (Fig. 158). 318 Border Police Service's duties on the airport are: - surveillance of the state border of Romania; - prevention of illegal border migration and cross-border crime; - checking the necessary documents required for legally crossing the border; - ensuring the proper operation of passenger and cargo traffic at crossing points; - providing border control for weapons and ammunition; - surveillance of the state border adjacent airspace; - enforcement of treaties, documents or agreements signed by the Romanian state with neighboring states or international organizations; - other duties established by law. Figure 157– Travel documents checking points of the Border Police Service on the “Avram Iancu” international airport of Cluj-Napoca Source: http://www.politiadefrontieră.ro/ 319 4.3.9.4. Handling services at the airport These are a various range activities carried out by specialized staff necessary for the proper functioning of the airport and for running the aircraft and passenger traffic. The handling services refer to the following activities carried out on the airport: - baggage transport from and to the aircrafts; - baggage loading/unloading to/from aircrafts; - aircrafts refuelling; - aircrafts catering in case of line flights; - aircrafts cleaning; - passengers transfer to the aircrafts by bus in case the terminal does not have tunnel type access platforms; - movement of mobile stairs to the aircrafts to ensure the passengers’ access; - aircrafts towing to the boarding platforms etc. These services are directly provided by the airport specialized staff or are externalized. On the Cluj airport is available the full range of handling services necessary for the proper running of the aircrafts, passengers and cargo traffic. These are represented by the passengers transfer to the aircrafts, baggage transport, boarding and unboarding assistance, aircrafts refueling, aircrafts towing to the boarding platforms, ground traffic guidance etc. (Fig. 159). Figure 158– Handling services provided on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Source: http://www.sindicataiaic.ro/ 320 4.3.9.5. Air traffic control service This is provided by ROMATSA9, which main objective is the supply of air traffic services for the GAT (general air traffic) aircrafts under IFR (instrument flight rules) conditions in the Romanian airspace as well as in any other airspace assigned to Romania by international agreements. Achievement of this objective is done through: - organization and performance of air traffic control in order to comply with the obligations provided for in ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Annexes 2 and 11 to the Chicago Convention; - organization and performance of aeronautical information in order to comply with the obligations provided for in ICAO Annex 15 to the Chicago Convention; - organization and performance of alerting service in view to search and rescue of aircrafts in distress, to comply with the obligations provided for in ICAO Annex 12 to the Chicago Convention; - organization and performance of aeronautical meteorological information in view to comply with the obligations provided for in ICAO Annex 3 to the Chicago Convention; - organization and performance of aeronautical fixed and mobile telecommunications as well as aeronautical meteorological telecommunications in accordance with provisions of ICAO Annex 10 to the Chicago Convention; - organization and performance of air navigation protection from a technical point of view in accordance with provisions of ICAO Annex 10 to the Chicago Convention; - organization and performance of endowment in accordance with ICAO provisions and standards established by EUROCONTROL (European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation) and LCIP (Local Convergence and Implementation Program) ROMANIA. - ensuring safety, capacity and operational and economic efficiency of the civilian air traffic system, application of specific regulations in an uniform and fair way to the air operators and related traffic systems, in compliance with the environmental protection and national security requirements. The air traffic services are provided both to civilian aircrafts flying across the national airspace and to the aircrafts landing or taking-off to/from the Romanian airports. The provided services are related to the guidance activity in the airport area (terminal) and on the route (ACC). The air traffic services in the airport area are provided by (CTA-APP) air traffic controllers who ensures flight guidance and control in the terminal control area of the airports (Fig. 160). 9 https://www.romatsa.ro/5/despre-noi/despre-noi.php 321 Figure 159– The control tower and airport traffic controllers on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Source: https://www.airports-worldwide.com/romania/cluj_napoca_international_romania.php 4.3.9.6. Car parking services It provides travelers with parking services against payment within the airport or its surroundings, during the journey. These services target especially the business segment, which has the necessary budgets to pay for the own vehicle or company car parking costs during the journey. The rates used are among the lowest in the Cluj-Napoca municipality and start from RON 20/day. Currently, within the airport is operated a car parking aimed for current traffic of vehicles, this being supplemented by other parking set up near the airport and aimed for long term parking. The rates in case of the parking within the airport are: Annual subscription: RON 1,560 / 6 months; RON 2,500 /12 months Car parking for passengers or their companions: 0' - 10' = RON 1; 10' - 30' = RON 5; 30' - 60' = RON 7; 60' - 2h = RON 14; 2h - 5h = RON 26; 5h - 24h = RON 45; 24h - 2 days = RON 95; 2 - 7 days = RON 165; 7 - 8 days = RON 210; 8 - 15 days = RON 320. Currently, the number of parking places provided by the airport is not enough for the current traffic needs, this determining the development of a true private parking network around the airport, which offers the same type of services but at more convenient rates for the customers. For instance, iZi Parking offers parking services against the following rates: 1 day = RON 25; 2 days = RON 35; 3 days = RON 45; 4 days = RON 50; 5 days = RON 65; 6 days = RON 80; 7-10 days = RON 100; 15-17 days = RON 140; 1 month = RON 270. These rates include the parking, vehicle security as well as the customers transfer to the airport.Airport main car parking is located in front of the departures terminal and is provided with automated access barriers. The access is done directly from TraianVuia Street, through a roundabout, this being the only current access way to the airport (Fig. 161). 322 Figure 160– Car parking and access way to the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Source: https://adevarul.ro/ 4.3.9.7. Customs control and airport security services These are ensured by the Customs and the Romanian Intelligence Service personnel who perform the baggage check and passenger security check before they enter the airport free area with their hand baggage (Fig. 162). Figure 161– Security services within “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Source: https://www.sri.ro/screening-process 323 Besides the security services provided by SRI within the airport there are also several other protection and security companies, which mission is to secure other economic objectives. 4.3.10. Threats and risks affecting the airport security and development The airports are infrastructure units affected by a wide range of risks and threats generated both by the technical and the human component. Even if statistically it is considered that the air transport is the safest, the fact that the aircraft movement is made in air not on the ground significantly increases the risk of accidents under the action of the risk factors. For these reasons, in air transport all the procedure protocols are strictly followed and the security controls are permanently carried out. From the operational point of view, in air transport exists the following threats and risks: - risks related to airport infrastructure safety – safety of the runway, taxiways and platforms integrity; - risks related to aircrafts movement on ground and their parking; - risks related to ground handling of the aircrafts; - risks related to collision between aircrafts, aircrafts and vehicles on the airport movement area, aircrafts and buildings or other obstacles, including aviation personnel, in all weather conditions (low visibility conditions, massive snow fall, wind storm, excessive lightning) or other unpredictable situations; - risks related to aircraft collisions with birds and animals; - risks related to runway intrusions; - risks related to presence of foreign objects (FOD) on the operational area that can cause damage to aircraft or injury to passengers and employees. Aeronautical safety represents a set of measures aimed to protect against human errors, usually unintended actions due to ignorance or caused by neglection of professional responsibilities, insufficient or total absence of operational procedures, installations or technical equipment failures, environmental contributory conditions or force majeure. Aeronautical safety represents a set of rules, objectives and responsibilities embedded in the concepts of risk management, management of change and safety management, resulting in provisions and dispositions with a view to create and maintain a safety culture within the organization. In case of “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca risks and threats are highlighted that may affect the future air traffic safety and airport infrastructure development: - weather conditions during the cold season, represented by long periods of fog, low altitude of the ceiling, sudden invasions of cold-air masses and development of convective cells generating strong storms etc. (Fig. 163); - excessive breeding of crows (Corvusfrugilegus) further the operation over a long period of time of the waste dump PataRât south of Dezmir. During their daily journey from the landfill to the parks in the city where they are nesting cross over the airport area and flight paths, and may collide with the aircrafts which are on a landing/take-off procedures; 324 - airport location in close neighborhood of Cluj-Napoca municipality, severely limits the land availability for runway extension and development of other airport infrastructure; - allowable construction height of the buildings located on the runway approach planes direction remains a permanent threat, and it has to be continuously kept under control and limited under the flight safety altitude; - both the hydrological course of Someșul Mic and the eastern belt of Cluj -Napoca municipality are obstacles to expanding the airport runway up to 3,500 m; Figure 162– Risk of accidents induced by persistent fog during the cold season on the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Source: https://www.puterea.ro/social/curse-cu-intarzieri-de-pana-la-trei-ore-pe-aeroportul- international-avram-iancu-cluj-148401.html - lack of direct connection of the airport to the railway infrastructure limits the direct access of passengers who come to airport by rail; in addition to this is the cargo transport, which needs the use of both forms of transport; - lack of a direct connection of the airport to the motorway A3 facilitating the quick access of passengers, as currently they need to cross the entire city to reach the airport; - current length of the main runway, with a physical length of 2,190 m and an operational length of 2,040 m, which limits the medium-haul aircraft operation and also the development of new routes; - the significant lack of parking space for aircrafts on the existing platforms at the passenger terminals, the current ones (APRON 1 and APRON 2) being predominantly occupied by aircrafts of category A and B; - clear rapid upward trend of passengers and cargo traffic, which requires increased capacities for aircraft movements, larger areas for passengers and cargo handling; 325 - upward trend of the demand for air transport from the people and business environment, which creates new expectations and the need for rapid investments; it can lead to inappropriate decision being made both with respect to the development of airport Infrastructure and of other parts of infrastructure (e.g. the VOCE belt, which at the time of its design and execution did not take into account the needs for runway extension); - there is a risk that some air operators to withdraw from Cluj airport due to the lack of long time requested investments; - there is a risk of noise pollution increase for Cluj-Napoca municipality and the adjacent localities within the metropolitan area Cluj-Napoca following the increase in air traffic, airport and runway extension, which will provide the prerequisites for operation on the airport of aircraft of technical class D with a much higher noise level [over 80 dB at the level of airport area and 60 dB over the city (Fig. 164). Figure 163– Noise pollution generated by air traffic in Cluj-Napoca City and the airport area as of 2016 Source: Action plan for airport noise prevention and reduction on “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca - airport development is ultimately limited by a combination of factors with a synergistic action, not having the chance to develop into a medium- and long-haul airport in the context of current limitations; - absence of an airport development masterplan has multiple negative consequences such as inappropriate synergistic planning of the entire airport complex (e.g. separated terminal), insufficient planned flexibility of the infrastructure (especially due to current volatility of the air transport of passengers market planning) without taking into account the needs and aspirations of the stakeholders. 326 4.3.11. The existing action plan for airport development The “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca drew up the document “Projects for airport development during 2017-2030”, which was approved by the airport's Board of Directors by Decision no. 7.1 of 25.07.2017, which includes the following objectives: The main investment objectives for the airport infrastructure development are: - construction of a new taxiway parallel to the runway; - extension of aircraft stand platform at passengers terminal and construction of a new airport cargo terminal; - construction of firefighting shed; - extending the take-off/landing runway up to 3,500 m; - construction of cargo platform; - construction of cargo taxiway and securing the facilities related to airport administrative building. 4.3.11.1. Projects for airport development during 2017-2019 A). Construction of aircraft stand platform and related handling area – 3 places capacity The investment will take place in two stages: STAGE I – WILL BE ACHIEVED: - aircraft stand platform – 3 places, with an area of 8,000 m2 made of cement slab with PCN characteristics: 80 R/0/W/T; - taxiway platform, with an area of 14,684 m2 made of cement slab with PCN characteristics: 80 R/0/W/T; - roads and handling platforms, with an area of 4,667 m2 made of cement slab with PCN characteristics: 80 R/0/W/T Total built-up area: 27,361 m2. Project estimated value: RON 21,467,681 (without VAT). STAGE II – WILL BE ACHIEVED: - aircraft parking platform – 3 places, with an area of 8,000 m2 made of cement slab with PCN characteristics: 80 R/0/W/T; - roads and handling platforms, with an area of 7,883 m2 made of cement slab with PCN characteristics: 80 R/0/W/T Total built-up area: 15,883 m2. 327 Project estimated value: RON 12,084,588 (without VAT). B). Departures terminal modernization – concourse area Total area: 1,100 m2. Additional capacity: 2 new boarding gates for international flights. Project value: RON 2,407,026 (without VAT) 4.3.11.2. Investments related to movement areas and passenger terminals The investment will take place in three stages: STAGE I: 2018-2022 A). Construction of taxiway parallel to runway, area CR Foxtrot-CR Golf – category D. Length: 1,580 m – taxiway parallel to the runway. Length: 370 m – connection taxiway between the parallel taxiway and Apron I Width: 23 m supplemented by 2 shoulders of 7.5 m, made of cement slab with the PCN characteristics: 80 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 62,500,000 (without VAT). Current status (2018): Feasibility study completed. ANAP documentation analysis for procurement/design/execution. B). Extension of stand platforms Total area: 15,100 m2, including roads and handling platforms. Consists of 4 aircraft stands for category C aircrafts, made of cement slab with the PCN characteristics 80 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 16,000,000 (without VAT). Current status (2018): Feasibility study completed. C). Construction of firefighting shed Gross surface: 5,000 m2. Allowable construction height: GF+F. 328 Estimated value: RON 8,970,000 (without VAT). Current status (2018): Drafting of the feasibility study. D). Aircraft maintenance hangar and related movement areas: Capacity: 2 aircraft stand/maintenance for category C aircrafts. Construction of a taxiway connecting the hangar to the other movement areas of the airport. Gross surface: 18,000 m2. Allowable construction height: GF+F (administrative building). Estimated value: RON 45,000,000 (without VAT). Current status (2018):Drafting of the feasibility study. E). New passengers terminal Gross surface: 29,100 m2. Allowable construction height: U+GF+F. Boarding gates: minimum 25 gates. Estimated value: RON 350,000,000 (without VAT). F). Extending the take-off/landing runway Drafting of the technical documentations. Extending the take-off/landing runway to 3,420 m. Construction of rapid-exit taxiway and of end turn-off platform. Construction of fence and perimeter road, distribution transformer, improvement of runway strip Extension length: 1,245 m, width: 45 m. Estimated value: RON 145,000,000 (without VAT). G). Construction of airport cargo terminal Cargo handling capacity: 50 tons/day. Area: 115,000 m2, including car parking and related buildings. Estimated value: RON 57,800,000 (without VAT). H). Construction of intermodal transport system Construction of railway station for passenger transport. Construction of passageway passenger railway station-airport terminal. Construction of road connection between CFR cargo and airport cargo terminals. Construction of CFR cargo terminal. Total estimated value: RON 72,000,000 (without VAT). STAGE 2: 2023-2026 A). Completion of new passenger terminal Gross surface: 28,100 m2. Allowable construction height: U+GF+F. 329 Boarding gates: minimum 25 gates. Estimated value: RON 88,000,000 (without VAT). B). Completion of the take-off – landing runway extension (Fig. 165) Extending the take-off/landing runway to 3,420 m. Construction of rapid-exit taxiway and of end turn-off platform. Construction of fence and perimeter road, distribution transformer, improvement of runway strip. Extension length: 1,245 m. Width: 45 m, supplemented by 2 shoulders of 7.5 m, PCN: 105 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 145,000,000 (without VAT). C). Extension of stand platforms Total area: 25,000 m2, including roads and handling platforms. Set up of 4 aircraft stands for category C aircrafts. PCN 80 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 25,000,000 (without VAT). D). Construction of end turn-off platform 07 Area: 10,100 m2, PCN: 105 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 10,000,000 (without VAT). E). End rapid-exit taxiway 07 Area: 12,000 m2, PCN: 80 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 13,000,000 (without VAT). STAGE 3: 2027 – 2030 A). Extension of taxiway parallel to runway between CR Golf and threshold 25 end Length: 1,760 m. Width: 23 m, supplemented by 2 shoulders of 7.5 m, PCN: 80 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 80,000,000 (without VAT). B). Extension of stand platforms Total area: 30,000 m2, including roads and handling platforms. Extension of 6 aircraft stands for category C aircrafts. PCN 80 R/0/W/T. Estimated value: RON 30,000,000 (without VAT). C). Construction of cargo platform Area: 50,000 m2, PCN 80 R/0/W/T. Construction of minimum 4 aircraft stands for categories D and E aircrafts or of 8 aircraft stands for medium category C aircrafts. Estimated value: RON 58,000,000 (without VAT). 330 D). Cargo taxiways and securing the facilities related to cargo terminal Length: 480 m. Width: 25 m, supplemented by 2 shoulders of 10.5 m, PCN: 80 R/0/W/T. Estimated value (without financing costs): RON 8,000,000 (without VAT). E). Construction of airport administrative building Gross surface: 4,000 m2. Estimated value (without financing costs): RON 23,400,000 (without VAT). With a view to implement these projects for airport upgrading it is necessary to make investments, projects but also to create the contexts that will offer the favorable prerequisites to these: - diverting the Someș river; - completing the land expropriations in the airport area; - creating a connection to the rail network in the neighboring area of the airport; - fair competition with the other airports in the coverage area; - geopolitical context favorable to air traffic development; - supporting of all investment projects by all the parties involved; - working out of an economic growth forecast at country level, according to GDP growth assessments; - supplying of own sources for projects and investment objectives co-funding; - accessing of infrastructure funds through LIOP or other programs with national or European funding. Figure 164– Site plan on the extension of the main take-off/landing runway of “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca Source: http://airportcluj.ro /fisiere/userfiles/Prezentare_AIAIC_RO-_Octombrie_2018.pdf 331 4.3.11.3. Zero carbon emissions until 2050 program During the 29th annual Congress of the Airport Council International – European region (ACI Europe), which took place in Cyprus, Cluj “Avram Iancu” international airport has signed a historic commitment to reduce its carbon emissions until 205010. This commitment was made as a member of ACI EUROPE, the association of the most representative European airports, which announced a resolution by which the airports formally commit to reach zero carbon emissions until 2050, at the latest. The collective commitment, signed by 194 airports and 40 airport operators from 24 countries marks a significant change in environment protection ambitions of the airport industry. “Europe’s airports have been leading climate action with annual reductions announced every year for the past decade. Of the 194 airports 43 have actually became neutral from the point of view of carbon emissions, supported by the global industry standard Airport Carbon Accreditation. However, today’s commitment brings a new dimension to this – no offsets. Crucially, with its NetZero2050 commitment, the airport industry is aligning itself with the Paris Agreement and the ambitions of the vast majority of EU countries.” – Michael Kerkloh, President of ACI EUROPE and CEO of Munich Airport. The deadline set for 2050 is correlated with the most recent IPCC reports and the strategy for carbon emissions reduction set up by the European Commission and adopted by the Council of the European Union. 10 https://viacluj.tv/aeroportul-international-avram-iancu-cluj-se-angajeaza-sa-reduca-la-zero-emisiile-de-co2-pana-in-anul-2050/ 332 5. COUNTY PUBLIC TRANSPORT The public transport services aim to facilitate the access of the population from the urban centers to other urban centers, but more importantly to ensure the access of the people from rural areas to the main or secondary urban centers for different purposes: shuttle for work or school, leisure and recreation (access to tourist or cultural areas or destinations), other purposes (e.g. access to central administrative institutions). Thus, ensuring the connection between central and peripheral areas, as well as between localities, by arranging and maintaining the road and/or rail infrastructure becomes a core prerequisite for the travel of the inhabitants. The public transport in Cluj County is performed by road and/or rail networks. Infrastructure for the provision of road public transport services. Bus terminals and licensed operators. The public passenger transport in Cluj County is performed through public operators and existing bus terminals in the main urban centers (Cluj-Napoca – 2, plus a work point of the Sens Vest bus terminal from Turda; Câmpia Turzii – 1; Turda – 1; Dej – 1; Gherla - 1 and Huedin – 1 station). According to the Romanian Road Transport Authority (ARR) (2019), 27 operators carrying out regular trips in the county are currently active and hold a valid transport license until June 30, 2023 (Table 68). From the point of view of the departure points, they are distributed within the bus terminals/stations/localities as follows: - Daghemana bus terminal – 3 operators provide public transport services to localities within a radius of 30 km, with 41 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Câmpia Turzii. - Fany bus terminal – 12 operators provide public transport services to localities within a radius of 83 km, with 181 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Cluj-Napoca. - Beta bus terminal – 3 operators provide public transport services to localities within a radius of 31 (47) km, with 31 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Cluj-Napoca. - Costrans bus terminal – 6 operators provide public transport services to localities within a radius of 104 km, with 135 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Dej. - Transurb bus terminal – a single operator provides public transport services to localities within a radius of 14 km, with 22 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Dej. - Bus Trans bus terminal – 7 operators provide public transport services to localities within a radius of 45 km, with 98 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Gherla. - Sens Vest bus terminal – 3 operators provide public transport services to localities within a radius of 58 km, with 160 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Turda. - Huedin station – provides public transport services to localities within a radius of 73 km, with 41 daily trips (with exceptions) departing from Huedin. 333 Table 68. Operators with a transport license valid until June 30, 2023 in Cluj County, by departure bus terminal Distance to the destination (km) – Locality of departure/Bus terminal Name of the transport operator min. - max. CÂMPIA TURZII/ Daghemana SOSIM TRANS SRL 25 - 30 CÂMPIA TURZII/ Daghemana DAGHEMANA COM SRL 10 - 22 CÂMPIA TURZII/ Daghemana CONFORT TRAVEL SRL 8 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany FANY PRESTARI SERVICII SRL 21 - 71 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany PRODAN TOUR SRL 30 - 38 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany BUS-TRANS SRL 28 - 62 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany VIO SI DANI TRANS SRL 43 - 83 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany GVP & CO IMPORT EXPORT SRL 38 - 64 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany SIMDORIA TRANS SRL 35 - 48 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany JAN TRANS SRL 18 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany MV TRANS 2007 SRL 44 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany GIORGICA IMPEX SRL 45 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany SOSIM TRANS SRL 23 - 53 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany RODARA TOUR SRL 82 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Fany SAFE TOUR SRL 25 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Beta RODARA TOUR SRL 28 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Beta ALMAR TRANS SRL 28 - 31 CLUJ-NAPOCA/ Beta/Fany* BUS-TRANS SRL 47 DEJ/ Costrans COSTRANS IMPORT EXPORT SRL 12 - 83 DEJ/ Costrans MENGI TRANS PREST SRL 8 DEJ/ Costrans BUS-TRANS SRL 7 - 60 DEJ/ Costrans FANY PRESTARI SERVICII SRL 15 - 104 DEJ/ Costrans GVP & CO IMPORT EXPORT SRL 60 334 Distance to the destination (km) – Locality of departure/Bus terminal Name of the transport operator min. - max. DEJ/ Costrans TUR CENTO TRANS SRL 60 DEJ/ Transurb TRANSURB SA 6 - 14 GHERLA/ Bus Trans BUS-TRANS SRL 10 - 45 GHERLA/ Bus Trans VOICHITA TRANS IMPEX SRL 30 GHERLA/ Bus Trans BUZANA SRL 26 - 40 GHERLA/ Bus Trans SOVA IMPORT EXPORT SRL 15 GHERLA/ Bus Trans MENGI TRANS PREST SRL 25 GHERLA/ Bus Trans MEGALOP TRANS SRL 25 GHERLA/ Bus Trans MISI 99 EXIM SRL 15 TURDA/ Sens Vest AUTO TRUST CORPORATION SRL 5 - 34 TURDA/ Sens Vest TOURS CLAUS SRL 11 - 58 TURDA/ Sens Vest TRANSPORT PASAJEROS SRL 27 HUEDIN/ Station UNSPECIFIED OPERATOR 5-73 Source: ARR (2019), Cluj County Council (2019) 5.1. Territorial distribution of the road public transport services From the point of view of the territorial distribution of the road public transport services in the county, one can notice the following: – Câmpia Turzii City only serves 6 destinations by direct connection, all belonging to the rural territorial administrative units (Luna, Viișoara, Tritenii de Jos, Ceanu Mare and Frata), f or a maximum distance of 29 km, thus polarizing a small area in the south-eastern part of the county, at the border with Mureș and Alba counties. The connection with the main urban centers is made only through the public transport services departing from Turda (52 direct daily trips) and Cluj-Napoca (15 direct daily trips) - Cluj-Napoca City serves 56 destinations by direct connection, of which 2 are the Câmpia Turzii and Huedin urban centers and 54 are rural localities. Dej City, Gherla City and Turda City are connected with Cluj-Napoca City only through the transport services provided from own departure stations: Dej bus terminal (8 daily trips), Gherla bus terminal (58 daily trips) and Sens Vest Turda bus terminal (31 direct daily trips). Huedin City is directly connected with the Cluj-Napoca City and as an intermediate station within 8 access routes to the localities in the mountain area of the south-western part of the county (Fântânele, Poiana Horea, Giurcuța de Sus and Rogojel). The configuration of the public transport routes underlines the coverage with road transport services departing from Cluj-Napoca, located in the central 335 area of the county, towards the eastern, north-western, western and south-western areas. The northern and north-peripheral, the southern and south-peripheral and the west-peripheral areas are not covered by the public transport services departing from Cluj-Napoca City. Access to these areas is thus more complicated and they can only be reached by indirect and fragmented routes, with intermediate stations. - Dej City serves 29 destinations by direct connection, namely Cluj-Napoca City, Gherla City and 27 rural localities. Dej City serves almost all the localities in the northern and far-northern areas of the county with public transport services. There are also regional routes in the peri-urban area of Dej City on which transport services are provided: Dej - Pintic and Dej - Șomcutu Mic. Dej City is not directly connected with the other urban centers in the county, the travelers having to transfer from one route to another in intermediate stations, mainly in Gherla City. - Gherla City serves 9 destinations by direct connection, one of which is an urban center, Cluj- Napoca City. The public transport service in Gherla City ensures the connectivity in the eastern rural area of the Cluj County (Sânmartin, FizeșuGherlii, Țaga, Sic, Pălatca, Geaca, Cătina, Buza and Căianu communes) and in the central area of the county (Aluniș and Cornești communes). The city is directly connected with the other urban centers through the transport services departing from Dej City and indirectly with Turda City, Câmpia Turzii City and Huedin City by transfer from one route to another in the intermediate station, Cluj-Napoca. However, one can notice the high degree of connectivity between Gherla City and Cluj- Napoca City, with 57 regular daily trips that ensure the transport of people for professional and educational purposes, on the Gherla – Iclod – Bonțida – Jucu – Apahida – Cluj-Napoca route. - Huedin City serves 20 destinations by direct connection, connecting the mountain rural localities in the far north-western part of Cluj County, including 1 direct route to Cluj-Napoca City. - Turda City serves 19 rural and urban destinations by direct connection. One can notice the high degree of connectivity with Câmpia Turzii City by 52 regular daily trips and with Cluj-Napoca City by 31 regular daily trips. 5.2. Degree of road accessibility of the localities in Cluj County The configuration of the routes designated for passenger transport in Cluj County shows some peculiarities, as presented below, based on which the degree of accessibility of the destination localities can be determined (Fig. 166): - 125 localities in the county are final destinations for the road public transport routes; - 68 localities in the county are mentioned as intermediate stations for the road public transport routes; - most localities are served by a single access route (with a variable number of trips) - some localities are both final destinations and intermediate stations for the public transport routes (Table 69). - the most isolated territorial administrative units, with a very low degree of connectivity, are Ploscoș, Măguri Răcătău and Ciurila. - the localities with the highest degree of connectivity are those crossed by national roads: a. DN 1 connecting Turda City with Cluj-Napoca City, localities where the operators departing from any of the two urban centers can stop at any time (Turda, Copăceni, Tureni, Mărtinești, Vâlcele, Feleacu); b. DN 1 connecting Cluj-Napoca City with Huedin City, localities where the operators departing from any of the two urban centers can stop at any time (Gilău, Căpușu Mare, Căpușu Mic, 336 Dumbrava, Păniceni, IzvoruCrișului, Șăula, Huedin); c. DN 1C connecting Cluj-Napoca City with Gherla City and Dej City, localities where the operators departing from any of the three urban centers can stop at any time (Cluj-Napoca, Sânnicoară, Apahida, Juc-Herghelie, Jucu, Răscruci, Fundătura, Iclod, Livada, Băița, Gherla, Bunești, Nima). Also with a high degree of connectivity are the localities on the DJ 109C Gherla – Geaca section (FizeșuGherlii, Sântioana, Țaga, Sucutard, Geaca); DJ 172A and DJ 161E (Țaga – Năsal – Buza). - The rural localities that are an integral part of the first ring of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area are considered as having a high degree of accessibility, with departure from Cluj-Napoca City, as they also benefit from the public transport offered by the Public Transport Company of Cluj- Napoca, through the 26 metropolitan routes: Feleacu TAU (M11 – P-țaCipariu – Feleacu, M12 – P- țaCipariu – Vâlcele, M13 – P-ța Ștefan cel Mare – Gheorgheni); Ciurila TAU (M16 – P-ța Ștefan cel Mare – PasajCiurila); Florești TAU (M21 – Bucium – Florești Cetate, M22 – Bucium – Șesul de Sus, M23 – Calea Florești – Luna de Sus, M24 – Bucium – Florești Fermă, M25 – Bucium – Tăuți, M26 – Parcul Central – Florești Cetate); Baciu TAU (M31 – P-ța Mihai Viteazu – Complex Baciu, M32 – P- țaGării – Suceagu, M33 – P-țaGării – SălișteaNouă, M34 – P-țaGării – Mera, M35 – P-țaGării – Popești Deal); Chinteni TAU (M37 – Cluj-Napoca – Feiurdeni, M38 – Cluj-Napoca – Sânmărtin, M39 – Cluj-Napoca – Chinteni Lac, M39L – Cluj-Napoca – Deușu); Apahida TAU (M41 – Str. Aurel Vlaicu – Apahida, M41l – Str. Aurel Vlaicu – Câmpenești, M42 – Str. Aurel Vlaicu – Sânnicoară, M42L – Str. Aurel Vlaicu – SubCoastă, M43 – Str. Aurel Vlaicu – Dezmir, M44 – Str. Aurel Vlaicu – Corpadea, M45 – Str. Aurel Vlaicu – Pata). 337 Figure 165– Road public transport routes served by authorized operators from the main urban centers of Cluj County Source: authors Table 69. Public passenger transport services operated through regular county trips. Departure and destination stations, number of trips and route distances. One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips Tritenii de Jos CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana CEANU MARE 25 6 branch Tritenii de Jos CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana FRATA 29 9 branch CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana Tritenii de Jos PĂDURENI 22 6 CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana Viișoara URCA 10 5 CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana Luna GLIGOREȘTI 15 5 338 One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana - VIIȘOARA IAS 8 10 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Răscruci CIUMĂFAIA 42 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Răscruci CIUMĂFAIA 42 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Apahida JUCU DE SUS 30 6 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany - ELCIU 46 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Dăbâca CUBLEȘU SOMEȘAN 58 7 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Cornești TIOCU DE JOS 58 7 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Aluniș VALE 39 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany - BONȚIDA 34 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gădălin VIȘEA 38 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Mociu FELDIOARA 64 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany - MOCIU 38 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Ghirișu FRATA 53 4 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Suatu ARUNCUTA 45 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Căianu Vamă CĂMĂRAȘ 48 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Apahida CĂIAN 35 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Cojocna VIIȘOARA 22 10 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Pata BOJU 18 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Vâlcele branch CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana 44 15 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Săvădisla MUNTELE BĂIȘORII Chalet 41 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Săvădisla IARA 47 6 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Săvădisla VALEA IERII 63 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Săvădisla FINIȘEL 31 2 339 One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Săvădisla LITENI 28 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Luna de Sus STOLNA 21 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Someșul Rece MĂGURI RĂCĂTĂU 45 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Măguri Răcătău MĂGURI 53 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gilău MUNTELE RECE 34 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gilău MĂRIȘEL- CRUCEA IANCULUI 63 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gilău DÂNGĂU MARE 40 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gilău LĂPUȘTEȘTI 70 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Mănăstireni LĂPUȘTEȘTI 63 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Huedin FÂNTÂNELE 83 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gilău CĂPUȘU MIC 35 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Florești GILĂU 23 13 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gilău HUEDIN 53 5 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Gilău SOMEȘU RECE 31 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany - AGHIREȘU 34 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Apahida DĂBÂCA 43 5 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Huedin POIANA HOREA 102 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Huedin ROGOJEL 82 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Pălatca BUZA 71 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Jucu, Gădălin VIȘEA 36 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Panticeu RECEA CRISTUR 44 4 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Chinteni VULTURENI 30 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Căianu Vamă BĂRĂI 28 3 340 One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Vâlcele AITON 25 7 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Chinteni AȘCHILEU MIC 40 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Panticeu OSOI 62 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany Chinteni FĂURENI 20 3 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany - CARA 20 13 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany/Beta* Dăbâca CIUBANCA 71 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta/Fany* Panticeu SĂRATA 47 4 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta/Fany* - TĂUȘENI 38 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta Baciu TUREA 28 6 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta Baciu MIHĂEȘTI 28 7 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta Baciu TOPA MICĂ 31 5 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta Inucu MACĂU 44 1 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta Huedin GIURCUŢA DE SUS 109 2 CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta Călata CĂLĂȚELE 70 3 DEJ/Costrans Cășeiu GUGA 20 6 DEJ/Costrans Cășeiu MĂGOAJA 25 6 DEJ/Costrans Cășeiu STRÂMBU 30 1 DEJ/Costrans - MĂNĂȘTUREL 8 15 DEJ/Costrans Sânmărghita VALEA LUNCII 20 9 DEJ/Costrans Nireș VALEA UNGURAȘULUI 30 5 DEJ/Costrans Nireș BATIN 20 2 DEJ/Costrans - NIREȘ 13 4 DEJ/Costrans - MĂNĂSTIREA 7 6 341 One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips DEJ/Costrans MintiuGherlii GEACA 55 5 DEJ/Costrans Geaca CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta/Fany* 104 1 DEJ/Costrans MintiuGherlii FELDIOARA 60 1 DEJ/Costrans Bobâlna CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 83 1 DEJ/Costrans - BOBÂLNA 20 2 DEJ/Costrans Bobâlna VÂLCELE 27 2 DEJ/Costrans Recea Cristur CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 83 1 DEJ/Costrans Șomcut BĂBDIU 20 2 DEJ/Costrans Bobâlna OSOI 38 2 DEJ/Costrans Vad VALEA GROȘI 19 2 DEJ/Costrans Cășeiu MUNCEL 18 3 DEJ/Costrans Cășeiu CÂȚCĂU 12 8 DEJ/Costrans Vad CALNA 27 5 DEJ/Costrans Urișor COPLEAN 9 12 DEJ/Costrans Gherla/Bus Trans TIOLTIUR 40 5 DEJ/Costrans MintiuGherlii GHERLA/Bus Trans 15 6 DEJ/Costrans MintiuGherlii NICULA 20 1 DEJ/Costrans - VAD 12 2 DEJ/Costrans Bunești GHERLA/Bus Trans 15 15 DEJ/Costrans - CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 60 5 DEJ/Transurb - NIMA 8 3 DEJ/Transurb - CODOR 6 5 DEJ/Transurb Jichiș de Jos JICHIȘU DE SUS 13,8 11 342 One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips DEJ/Transurb - TĂRPIU 12,5 3 GHERLA/Bus Trans Răscruci CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 45 57 GHERLA/Bus Trans Cutca CEABA 30 5 GHERLA/Bus Trans Țaga NĂSAL 26 2 GHERLA/Bus Trans FizeșuGherlii BUZA 33 6 GHERLA/Bus Trans Țaga CĂTINA 40 3 GHERLA/Bus Trans FizeșuGherlii SÂNTEJUDE 33 2 GHERLA/Bus Trans - SCI 15 8 GHERLA/Bus Trans Sava CLUJ-NAPOCA/Beta/Fany* 75 1 GHERLA/Bus Trans Fundătura CORNEȘTI 25 2 GHERLA/Bus Trans Iclod CORNENI 25 2 GHERLA/Bus Trans Iclod GHIROLT 20 5 GHERLA /Bus Trans - ORMAN 15 2 GHERLA/Bus Trans - BUNEȘTI 10 3 TURDA/Sens Vest Feleacu CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 34 31 TURDA/Sens Vest Ceanu Mic AITON 18 2 TURDA/Sens Vest - COPĂCENI 5 7 TURDA/Sens Vest Tureni MICEȘTI 20 2 TURDA/Sens Vest - CÂMPIA TURZII/Daghemana 11 52 TURDA/Sens Vest Buru IARA 33 3 TURDA/Sens Vest Buru VALEA IERII 54 1 TURDA/Sens Vest Mihai Viteazu CORNEȘTI 13 13 TURDA/Sens Vest Mihai Viteazu CHEIA POD 11 5 343 One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips TURDA/Sens Vest Bogata CĂLĂRAȘI 17 10 TURDA/Sens Vest Moldovenești BĂDENI 24 12 TURDA/Sens Vest Moldovenești PODENI 31 2 TURDA/Sens Vest Petreștii de Sus BORZEȘTI 23 2 TURDA/Sens Vest Săndulești PETREȘTII DE JOS 31 6 TURDA/Sens Vest Petreștii de Jos PĂDURENI 27 5 TURDA/Sens Vest Petreștii de Jos PLAIURI 24 2 TURDA/Sens Vest Petreștii de Jos LIVADA 29 2 TURDA/Sens Vest Buru MUNTELE BĂIȘORII CHALET 58 1 TURDA/Sens Vest Buru MUNTELE BĂIȘORII 50 2 HUEDIN - BICĂLATU 5 1 HUEDIN IzvoruCrișului RÂȘCA 31 1 HUEDIN IzvoruCrișului NADĂȘU 12 3 HUEDIN Beliș POIANA HOREA 49 3 HUEDIN Călățele BĂLCEȘTI 30 1 HUEDIN Domoș HORLACEA 8 2 HUEDIN Mărgău RĂCHIȚELE 30 3 HUEDIN Călata VĂLENI 15 2 HUEDIN Călățele FINCIU 20 2 HUEDIN Sâncraiu BRĂIȘORU 11 2 HUEDIN Poieni LUNCA VIȘAGULUI 35 2 HUEDIN Poieni BUCEA 35 2 HUEDIN - POIENI 15 2 344 One-way No. of Locality of departure/Bus Intermediate Locality of destination/Bus distance daily terminal locality terminal (km) trips HUEDIN - HODIȘU 12 2 HUEDIN - MORLACA 15 2 HUEDIN - SĂCUIEU 23 2 HUEDIN Poieni ROGOJEL 30 3 HUEDIN Poieni ZĂRNIȘOARA 38 2 HUEDIN Aghireș CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 73 1 HUEDIN Călățele FÂNTÂNELE 30 3 AGHIREȘ - MACĂU 7 2 AGHIREȘ - LEGHIA 10 2 SIC Gherla/Bus Trans CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 65 6 SIC Gădălin CLUJ-NAPOCA/Fany 45 3 Source: Cluj County Council (2019), ARR (2019) 345 5.3. Rail public transport 5.3.1. Territorial distribution of the rail public transport services in the county The frequency of round trips on the county railways was analyzed by selecting routes from rural areas to urban centers (including from smaller urban centers to Cluj-Napoca) in order to highlight the degree of complementarity of the rail public transport with the road public transport, thus identifying the degree of accessibility of the population from the rural localities in the county to the main urban centers (Câmpia Turzii, Cluj-Napoca, Dej, Gherla, Huedin, Turda). Rail passenger transport is carried out on the following major railways:300 (Războieni – Călărași – Câmpia Turzii – Cluj-Napoca – Huedin – Piatra Craiului); 400 (Beclean – Dej – Cășeiu – Câțcău); 401 (Apahida – Gherla – Dej). Route: Călărași Turda Hm – Cluj-Napoca (direct route) Distance: 59 km Outward journey Route with stops: Călărași Turda Hm – Câmpia Turzii - Cânepiști Hm - Ploscoș - Valea Florilor – Boju - Tunel Hm – Cojocna – Apahida - Dezmirhc - Cluj Napoca Est - Clujana h – Cluj-Napoca Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (7) Timetable: 03:47, 05:43, 08:55, 11:43, 15:07, 17:13, 20:18 Return journey Route with stops: Cluj-Napoca - Cluj Napoca Est - Dezmirhc – Apahida - Cojocna - Tunel Hm – Boju - Valea Florilor - Ploscoș - Cânepiști Hm - Câmpia Turzii - Călărași Turda Hm Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (7) and Interegional Călători (1) Timetable: 05:15, 07:42, 11:35, 15:01, 15:25, 16:50, 19:41, 22:35. Route: Huedin – Cluj-Napoca Distance: 50 km Outward journey Route with stops*: Huedin - Jebuchc - Stana Hm - Gălășenihc - Aghireșhc - Aghireș - Dorolțuhc - Macăuhc – Gârbău - Nădășel hc – Mera - Rădaia h - Suceag hc - BaciuTriaj – Cluj-Napoca * There are also trains with fewer stops Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (8) and Interegional Călători (8) Timetable: 04:27, 04:22, 04:56, 05:11, 05:50, 06:10, 07:59, 08:36, 09:52, 10:19, 12:05, 14:24, 15:30, 16:36, 16:59, 18:09 Return journey Route with stops*: Cluj-Napoca – BaciuTriaj - Suceag hc - Rădaia h - Mera - Nădășel hc – Gârbău – Macăuhc - Dorolțuhc - Aghireș - Aghireșhc - Gălășenihc - Stâna Hm - Jebuchc - Huedin * There are also trains with fewer stops Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (6) and Interegional Călători (6) Timetable: 06:25, 07:45, 10:31, 12:40, 14:17, 14:26, 15:22, 16:43, 18:10, 19:28, 19:44, 22:24. Route: Câțcău – DejCălători (direct route) Distance: 13 km Outward journey Route with stops: Câțcău - Cășeiu Hm - Copleanhc – Dej Călători Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (1) and Interegional Călători (1) 346 Return journey Route with stops: Dej Călători – Copleanhc – Cășeiu Hm - Câțcău Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (1) and Interegional Călători (1) Timetable: Route: Dej Călători – Apahida (direct route) Distance: 47 km Outwardjourney Route with stops*: DejCălători - Nima hc - Bunești h – Gherla – LivadaSomeșhc – Iclod - Fundăturahc - Bonțida - Răscrucihc – Jucu - Apahida h – Apahida. * There are also trains with fewer stops Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (11) and Interegional Călători (1) Timetable: 03:50, 04:51, 05:20, 06:08, 06:36, 07:09, 09:35, 11:59, 14:26, 16:37, 17:06, 18:39. Return journey Route with stops*: Apahida - Apahida h – Jucu - Jucu de Jos hc - Răscrucihc - Bonțida - Fundătura hc – Iclod - Livada Someș hc – Gherla - Nimahc – Dej Călători. * There are also trains with fewer stops Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (9) and Interegional Călători (4) Timetable: 6:31, 7:51, 11:12, 11:22, 13:26, 14:51, 15:07, 15:27, 16:20, 17:31, 18:22, 19:57, 22:51 Route: Dej Călători – Cluj-Napoca (direct route) Distance: 59 km Outward journey Route with stops*: Dej Călători – Nimahc - Bunești h – Gherla - Livada Someș hc – Iclod - Fundătura hc - - Bonțida - Răscrucihc – Jucu - Apahida h – Apahida – Dezmirhc – Cluj-Napoca Est - Cluj-Napoca. * There are also trains with fewer stops Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (11) and Interegional Călători (1) Timetable: 03:50, 04:51, 05:20, 06:08, 06:36, 07:09, 09:35, 11:59, 14:26, 16:37, 17:06, 18:39. Return journey Route with stops*: Cluj-Napoca - Apahida - Apahida h – Jucu - Jucu de Jos hc - Răscrucihc - Bonțida - Fundătura hc – Iclod - Livada Someș hc – Gherla - Nimahc – Dej Călători. * There are also trains with fewer stops Operators and number of trains: CFR Călători (8) and Interegional Călători (2) Timetable: 6:10, 7:30, 10:55, 11:01, 13:10, 14:30, 10:00, 17:10, 19:36, 22:30 The level of accessibility by rail transport in Cluj County, expressed by the travel times from Cluj-Napoca City to the peripheral areas of the county, highlights a gradual decrease of this indicator, with values varyingbetween less than 20 minutes and more than 100 minutes. The isochronesare relatively circular, with a certain elongation along the non-modernized railways. The extreme points of Cluj County are located in the northern and western parts of the county (Chiuiești and Negreni communes), in which case the travel times to the destination reach the maximum values(Fig. 167). The short travel times to destinations in the Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area demonstrate theviability of the rail commuter transport (target group: pupils, students, employees). This only applies to the localities that are crossed by the rail infrastructure, while the viability of the rail transport for the other localities in the vicinity of the railways is still low. 347 Figure166– Rail distance between Cluj-Napoca City and thelocalities in Cluj County (MU: minutes) Source: authors 5.3.2. Territorial distribution of the rail public transport services outside the county An analysis of the rail transport routes outside the county was carried out in order to illustrate the connection by train between the main urban center in Cluj County and the main urban centers in the country. We chose the direct routes (no need to change trains) to demonstrate the shortest travel time. We selected destinations both within the North-West Development Region and at national level (Table 68). The analysis shows the distance by train to the destination, the frequency of trains and the maximum and minimum travel times, the transport service operators and the departure schedule from the Cluj- Napoca station as of January 14, 2020. The data have been retrieved from the official website: https://mersultrenurilor.infofer.ro/. The information shows that the Cluj-Napoca citizens or those who choose this urban center as a starting point for their journey have direct connections with most of the selected urban destinations, except for Zalău, Sibiu and Constanța, cities that can only be reached on segmented routes, where the passengers need to change 1 or 2 trains. In most cases, the travel times between two points are different, due to the route or the type of trainset used on that route. For example, the time to reach the same destination using the same route differs due to the type of train or the number of stopping stations (Oradea, Bistrița, Baia Mare, Alba Iulia, MiercureaCiuc, Sf. Gheorghe, Georgheni). This can lead to a preliminary conclusion, i.e. people using this type of transport prefer to depart from the Cluj- Napoca urban center instead of another intermediate station on the same route, where the train does not stop for a particular journey. Another possible conclusion is that the different travel times may influence 348 the passenger preferences or may interfere with their activities due to the departure schedule and the longer travel time. The least served destinations with direct access by train from Cluj-Napoca (a single departure in 24hours) are: Satu Mare, Craiova, Galați and Târgu Mureș, followed by Baia Mare, MiercureaCiuc, Sf. Gheorghe, Arad and Georgheni with 3 departures/day and Sighetu Marmației with 2 departures/day. At the opposite end, Oradea is the most accessible destination, with 17 direct route departures from Cluj-Napoca in 24 hours. A medium level of accessibility (4-7 departures), on direct routes, is registered for the following destinations: Bistrița, Brașov, Bucharest, Timișoara, Iasi, Alba-Iulia, Suceava.When analyzing accessibility based on the travel times, the distance to any destination from Cluj- Napoca is covered, on average, with a speed of 46.90 km/h (Table 70). Tabel70. Rail passenger public transport services operated through regular trips to the main urban centers at county, regional and national level. Departure and destination stations, number of trips, route distances and travel times. Distance (time) – min. – Numbe Change of Item Distance Route Departure max. + r of Operators trains/waiting no. (km) average trains times travel speed 1 Cluj-Napoca – 02:33, 02:50, 152 2h 28min 17 CFR N/A Oradea 04:50, 05:50, Average Călători, 07:04, 07:18, speed – Interegiona 07:35, 07:45, 61.62 l Călători, 08:54, 12:15, km/h Transferovi 13:33, 14:53, ar Călători 15:28, 16:20, 4h 0 min 16:45, 18:06, Average 20:40 speed – 38.00 km/h 2 Cluj-Napoca – 07:10, 11:15, 119 2h 44min 7 CFR N/A Bistrița 11:35, 14:50, Average Călători, 15:30, 18:13, speed – Interegiona 19:35 43.54 l Călători km/h 3h 15min Average speed – 36.62 km/h 3 Cluj-Napoca – 14:15, 15:43, 193 3h 45min 3 CFR N/A Baia Mare 18:30 Average Călători speed – 51.47 km/h 4h 20min Average speed – 349 Distance (time) – min. – Numbe Change of Item Distance Route Departure max. + r of Operators trains/waiting no. (km) average trains times travel speed 44.54 km/h 4 Cluj-Napoca – 04:47, 14:30 223 6h 38min 2 CFR N/A Sighetu Average Călători Marmației speed – 33.62 km/h 6h 59min Average speed – 31.93 km/h 5 Cluj-Napoca – 04:50 285 4h 49min 1 CFR Stopsand Satu Mare Average Călători change of trains speed – required for the 59.17 other 7 options. km/h 6 Cluj-Napoca – 02:12, 09:58, 331/383 6h 24min 6 CFR N/A. This route Brașov 13:45, 16:25, Average Călători overlaps 19:20, 22:15 speed – withthe Cluj- 51.72 Napoca – km/h Bucharest routein 4 cases. 8h 15min Average speed – 46.42 km/h 7 Cluj-Napoca – 07:40, 09:58, 497/ 9h 2min 5 CFR București Nord 13:45, 19:20, 549/ Average Călători 22:15 621 speed – 55.02 km/h 11h 0min Average speed – 49.91 km/h 13h 39 min Average speed – 350 Distance (time) – min. – Numbe Change of Item Distance Route Departure max. + r of Operators trains/waiting no. (km) average trains times travel speed 45.49 km/h 8 Cluj-Napoca – 01:04, 03:40, 330/356/ 5h 42min 4 CFR N/A. Timișoara 05:50, 15:28 390 Average Călători speed – 57.90 km/h 8h 58min Average speed – 43.49 km/h 9 Cluj-Napoca – 01:36, 09:30, 459 8h 38min 4 CFR N/A. Iași 12:54, 22:33 Average Călători speed – 53.17 km/h 8h 46min Average speed – 52.36 km/h 10 Cluj-Napoca – 07:40 412 9h 5min 1 CFR Stops and Craiova Average Călători change of trains speed – required for the 45.36 other 3 options. km/h 11 Cluj-Napoca – 09:30 714 13h 27min 1 CFR Stops and Galați Average Călători change of trains speed – required for the 53.09 other 13 km/h options. 12 Cluj-Napoca – 01:04, 03:40, 121 2h 24min 4 CFR N/A. Alba Iulia 05:18, 07:40 Călători Average speed – 50.42 km/h 3h 16min 351 Distance (time) – min. – Numbe Change of Item Distance Route Departure max. + r of Operators trains/waiting no. (km) average trains times travel speed Average speed – 37.04 km/h 13 Cluj-Napoca – 01:36, 09:30, 322 6h 37min 4 CFR This route Suceava 12:54, 22:33 Călători overlaps with Average the Cluj-Napoca speed – – Iași routein all 48.66 4 cases. km/h 6h 41min Average speed – 48.18 km/h 14 Cluj-Napoca – 16:40 127 2h 40min 1 CFR Stops and Târgu Mureș Călători change of trains Average required for the speed – other 6 options. 47.63 km/h 15 Cluj-Napoca – 02:12, 16:25, 288 5h 44min 3 CFR N/A. This route MiercureaCiuc 19:20 Călători overlaps with Average the Cluj-Napoca speed – – Sfântu 50.23 Gheorghe route km/h in all 3 cases. 6h 43min Average speed – 42.88 km/h 352 Distance (time) – min. – Numbe Change of Item Distance Route Departure max. + r of Operators trains/waiting no. (km) average trains times travel speed 16 Cluj-Napoca – 02:12, 16:25, 351 6h 54min 3 CFR N/A. Sf. Gheorghe 19:20 Călători Average speed – 50.87 km/h 7h 45min Average speed – 45.29 km/h 17 Cluj-Napoca – 01:04, 05:50, 273/333 4h 45min 3 CFR N/A. Arad 15:28 Călători Average speed – 57.47 km/h 7h 45min Average speed – 42.97 km/h 18 Cluj-Napoca – 02:12, 16:25, 233 4h 33min 3 CFR N/A. Gheorgheni 19:20 Călători Average speed – 51.20 km/h 5h 22min Average speed – 353 Distance (time) – min. – Numbe Change of Item Distance Route Departure max. + r of Operators trains/waiting no. (km) average trains times travel speed 43.41 km/h 19 Cluj-Napoca – 04:47, 06:28, 158/338 3h 41min 5 CFR This destination Zalău 14:15, 15:28, Călători is not 18:30 Average accesibleby speed – direct route 42.90 from Cluj- km/h Napoca. 6h 59min Average speed – 48.40 km/h 20 Cluj-Napoca – 01:04, 01:04, 198/201/ 4h 52min 11 CFR This destination Sibiu 03:40, 09:17, 213 Călători is not accesible 11:40, 11:40, Average by direct route 13:45, 15:20, speed – from Cluj- 15:20, 16:55, 40.68 Napoca. 22:15 km/h 7h 56min Average speed – 26.84 km/h 21 Cluj-Napoca – 01:36, 02:12, 722/725/ 13h 16min 9 CFR Except during Constanța 03:40, 05:18, 755/774/ Călători the summer 09:17, 09:17, 846/849 Average season, there 12:54, 19:20, speed – Astra Trans are no direct 22:15 54.42 Carpatic trains on this km/h route. 18h 48min 354 Distance (time) – min. – Numbe Change of Item Distance Route Departure max. + r of Operators trains/waiting no. (km) average trains times travel speed Average speed – 45.16 km/h Source: https://mersultrenurilor.infofer.ro/ (14.01.2020) 5.4. Urban and extra-urban/metropolitan public transport Among the urban centers of Cluj County, Cluj-Napoca City, Turda City and Dej City benefit from public passenger transport within the locality limits and on different distances in the peri-urban area. Each company providing public transport services to the population of these TAUs has its own facilities and a fleet and route development plan in accordance with the national and European policies for urban mobility, clean transport and low conventional fuel consumption. Public transport operators in the urban centers of Cluj County are (Table 71, 72). - Cluj-Napoca City – Compania de Transport Public Cluj-Napoca S.A. - Dej City – SC Transurb SA - Turda City - SOCIETATEA DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC S.A. ALBA IULIA, work point: Turda Table 71. Available fleet of the municipal public transport companies Conventional Public transport operator Electric bus Trolleybus Tram Minibus bus Compania de Transport 251 41 82 26 9 Public Cluj-Napoca S.A. SC Transurb SA 14 x x x x Societatea de Transport Public S.A. Alba Iulia, work 24 x x x x point: Turda Source: CTP Cluj-Napoca, SC Transurb Dej, STP S.A. Alba Iulia 355 Table 72. Urban and extra-urban transport routes (2019) Public transport Urban routes Extra-urban routes operator Compania de Transport Tram routes – lines 100, 101, 102, 102L Cluj-Napoca – Feleacu Public Cluj-Napoca S.A. Trolleybus routes – lines 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 25 Cluj-Napoca – Vâlcele Bus routes – 8, 8L, 9, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, Cluj-Napoca – Gheorgheni 23L, 24, 24B, 25N, 26, 26L, 27, 28, 28B, 29, 30, 31, 32, 32B, 33, 34, 35, 36B, 36L, 37, 38, Cluj-Napoca – PasajCiurila 39, 39L, 40, 40S, 41, 42, 43, 43B, 43P, 44, 45, 46, 46B, 47, 48, 48L, 50, 52, 53, 87B, Cluj-Napoca – FloreștiCetate SOL. Cluj-Napoca – Șesul de Sus Cluj-Napoca – Luna de Sus Cluj-Napoca – FloreștiFermă Cluj-Napoca – Tăuți Cluj-Napoca – FloreștiCetate Cluj-Napoca – Complex Baciu Cluj-Napoca – Suceagu Cluj-Napoca – SălișteaNouă Cluj-Napoca – Mera Cluj-Napoca – Popești Deal Cluj-Napoca – Feiurdeni Cluj-Napoca – Sânmărtin Cluj-Napoca – Chinteni Lac Cluj-Napoca – Deușu Cluj-Napoca – Apahida Cluj-Napoca – Câmpenești Cluj-Napoca – Sânnicoară Cluj-Napoca – Sub Coastă Cluj-Napoca – Dezmir 356 Public transport Urban routes Extra-urban routes operator Cluj-Napoca – Corpadea Cluj-Napoca – Pata SC Transurb SA Dej 4 bus routes (lines 0, 1, 2 and 3) Dej – Pintic Dej – Tărpiu Dej – Nima Dej – Codor Dej – Jichișu de Sus Dej - Șomcutu Mic Societatea de Transport 9 bus routes (lines 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15B, - Public S.A. Alba Iulia, 16, 18 work point: Turda Source: CTP Cluj-Napoca, SC Transurb Dej, STP S.A. Alba Iulia 5.4.1. Areas with insufficient public transport in Cluj Metropolitan Area Public transport in Cluj County is managed and organized at the level of each urban administrative unit (except for Câmpia Turzii, Huedin, and Gherla), and also at the county level (by interurban lines). At the county level, road public transport is serviced by 28 transport operators (table 68, p. 243), whose activities are based in the bus terminals/stations in all 6 existing urban centers. Moreover, at the county level, public transport is also performed by means of trains on the existing railways, and SN CFR SA is the main provider of rail transport services. The Public Transport Company in Cluj-Napoca manages both the urban public transport within the city and the public transport in the metropolitan area, by means of dedicated tramway, trolleybus and bus transport lines (within the built-up area of Cluj-Napoca City) and dedicated bus transport lines (in the metropolitan area). From the point of view of the public transport infrastructure sufficiency at the county level and at the level of Cluj Metropolitan Area, several peculiar aspects should be mentioned in relation to the degree of accessibility of rural settlements within Cluj Metropolitan Area: The degree of accessibility of the settlements in the first ring of Cluj Metropolitan Area (43 villages within 7 rural territorial administrative units, amounting to a total population of 59,387 inhabitants in 2011) - 2 (4.65%) settlements serviced by three types of public transport – metropolitan, interurban and railway – Apahida and Baciu. In 2011, they had together a population of 12,066 inhabitants (20.32%). - 9 (20.93%) settlements serviced by two types of public transport – metropolitan and interurban – Câmpenești, Corpadea, Pata, Sânnicoară, Chinteni, Deușu, Florești, Luna de Sus and Feleacu. In 2011 they had altogether a population of 27,719 inhabitants (46.68%). - 3 (6.98%) settlements serviced by two types of public transport – metropolitan and railway – Dezmir, Mera and Suceagu. In 2011, together they had a population of 4234 inhabitants (7.13%). 357 - 1 (2.33%) settlement serviced by two types of public transport – interurban and railway – Rădaia, which in 2011 had a population of 161 inhabitants (0.27%). - 10 (23,26%) settlements serviced by a single type of public transport – metropolitan – Sub Coastă, Feiurdeni, Sânmărtin, Popești, Săliștea Nouă, Tăuți, Sălicea, Ciurila, Gheorghieni, Vâlcele, which in 2011 had together a population of 4,406 inhabitants (7.42%). - 0% settlements serviced by a single type of public transport – railway. - 5 (11.63%) settlements serviced by a single type of public transport – interurban – Bodrog, Vechea, Gilău, Someșu Cald, Someșu Rece. In 2011 they had together a population of 8,782 inhabitants (14.79%). - 13 (30.23%) settlements which are not serviced by any type of public transport – Măcicașu, Pădureni, Săliștea Veche, Satulung, Corușu, Filea de Jos, Filea de Sus, Pădureni, Pruniș, Săliște, Șutu, Casele Micești, and Sărădiș. In 2011 their total population amounted to 2,019 inhabitants (3.40%). Conclusions: a. 4.65% of the rural settlements in the first ring of Cluj Metropolitan Area (ZMCN) , which had together a population of 12,066 inhabitants (20.32%) in 2011, are serviced by three public transport systems (metropolitan, railway and interurban) for their daily commuters b. 30.23% of the rural settlements in the first ring of ZMCN , which had together a population of 32,114 inhabitants (54.08%) in 2011, are serviced by two public transport systems (metropolitan and interurban, or metropolitan and railway, or interurban and railway) for their daily commuters c. 34.89% of the rural settlements in the first ring of ZMCN, which had together a population of 13,188 inhabitants (22.21%) in 2011, are serviced by a single public road transport system (metropolitan or interurban) for their daily commuters d. 30.23% of the rural settlements in the first ring of ZMCN , which had together a population of 2,019 inhabitants (3.40%) in 2011 are not serviced by any type of public transport for their daily commuters. The degree of accessibility of the settlements in the second ring of Cluj Metropolitan Area (59 villages within 11 rural territorial administrative units having a total population of 28,498 inhabitants in 2011) - 7 (11.86%) settlements serviced by two types of public transport – interurban and railway – Juc-Herghelie, Bonțida, Răscruci, Gărbău, Nădășelu, Cojocna, Boju. In 2011, they had together a population of 8,897 inhabitants (31.22%). - 0% settlements serviced by a single type of public transport – railway. - 29 (49.15%) settlements serviced by a single type of public transport – interurban – Jucu de Sus, Gădălin, Jucu de Mijloc, Vișea, Borșa, Borșa-Cătun, Ciumăfaia, Vultureni, Băbuțiu, Făureni, Șoimeni, Sânpaul, Mihăești, Șardu, Topa Mică, Turea, Viștea, Tureni, Mărtinești, Aiton, Rediu, Cara, Iuriu de Câmpie, Moriști, Căianu, Bărăi, Căianu Mic, Căianu Vamă and Vaida Cămăraș. In 2011, they had together a population of 15,330 inhabitants (53,79%). - 23 (38.98%) settlements which are not serviced by any type of public transport – Coasta, Tăușeni, Borșa- Crestaia, Giula, Bădești, Chidea, Berindu, Sumurducu, Cornești, Ceanu Mic, Comșești, Micești, Petreștii de Jos, Crăești, Deleni, Livada, Petreștii de Mijloc, Petreștii de Sus, Plaiuri, Boj -Cătun, Cuci, Straja and Văleni. In 2011, they had together a population of 4,271 inhabitants (14.99%). 358 Conclusions: a. 11.86% of the rural settlements in the second ring of ZMCN, which had together a population of 8,897 inhabitants (31.22%) in 2011, are serviced by two public transport systems (interurban and railway) for their daily commuters b. 49.15% of the rural settlements in the second ring of ZMCN, which had together a population of 15,330 inhabitants (53.79%) in 2011, are serviced by a single public road transport system (interurban) for their daily commuters c. 38.98% of the rural settlements in the second ring of ZMCN, which had together a population of 4,271 inhabitants (14.99%) in 2011 are not serviced by any type of public transport for their daily commuters. Cluj County tends to develop axially along Someșul Mic Corridor, where the main urban centers of the county are also located. The main industrial parks in the county are also located along this corridor, which determines people to commute for work. In the context of a road infrastructure that is not yet properly developed and connected, as there are many traffic jams and long travel times for relatively short distances, it is necessary to capitalize on the potential provided by the existing railway infrastructure. In this regard, apart from the regularly scheduled passenger trains, organized by the main provider SN CFR SA, it is necessary to organize the metropolitan rail transport by acquiring railcar-type trains consisting of 2-3 coaches, operating according to a pre-established schedule. They should not disturb the current passenger and freight traffic on the railway and should operate mainly at peak hours (6 to 9 am and 3 to 6 pm) on the following routes: Huedin – Cluj-Napoca and back, Dej – Cluj-Napoca and back, Câmpia Turzii – Cluj-Napoca and back, Dej – Apahida – Câmpia Turzii and back. By implementing this transport system, the pressure on the road transport system will be considerably reduced, pollution will decrease, there will be increased connectivity between the settlements crossed by the railway, the railway modernization will emerge as an opportunity and necessity (to increase the speed of travel) and not in the least the workforce mobility and the workforce transport capacity will increase. As a result, the location of the workforce will no longer be a determining criterion when locating economic activities. 359 5.5. Needs of the urban local administrations regarding the development of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure and services11. Community point of view regarding the transport infrastructure and services at county level12 The following section is the result of the discussions held during the elaboration of the territorial audit with the representatives of the local public administrations of the cities in the North-West region. These areopinions regarding the most important problems and proposed solutions for solving the territorial dysfunctions in the transport infrastructure. The main topics for discussion were the needs and the challenges faced by the urban public administrations, the projects currently under implementation and proposed for implementation. These discussions led to the conclusion that some relevant aspects must be considered when planning/prioritizing strategic investment objectives at county level, which incorporate or overlap with the needs or actions already taken in the urban centers of the county. Thus, a particular need to identify financial resources for investments in urban infrastructure projects to increase urban mobility was reported by all urban administrations in the county, especially for financing investment projects concerning the modernization and proper fitting of local means of public transport in order to reduce pollution and increase the quality of transport services, traffic monitoring, setting upof underground and surface parking lots, setting up and modernization of large infrastructure (railways, bypass roads, footbridges, bridges, ring roads, metro/tram infrastructure, park & ride parking lots), urban regeneration projects, implementation of smart technologies in the public transport sector and transport management (smart parking), investment projects in the pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure. In terms of preparing the strategic framework for the implementation of the infrastructure and transport services development objectives, all the urban centers in the county have established the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, except for Huedin City. The local administrations of Gherla City and Huedin City have not yet submitted projects for increasing urban mobility mainly due to the lack of a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, while the effects of implementing the EU funded projects are noticeable in the case of the other urban centers. In the process of updating the Cluj County Spatial Plan, a survey was conducted during November- December 2019 on a sample of 1005 people living for at least 6 months in 79 of the 81 territorial administrative units of Cluj County. Based on the results, we can draw the following conclusions regarding the “transport infrastructure and services” component: - In terms of the quality of life, on a scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), the “quality of transport connections and infrastructures” component at county level was rated 6.34, with 11The information was extracted from the minutes of the meetings held in October 2019 with the representatives of the local public administrations of the urban centers in the North-West Development Region for the elaboration of the Territorial audit for the North-West Region. 12The information was collected on the ground through a survey carried out by the project team for the elaboration of the Cluj County Spation Plan. 360 different scoresfor differentresidence areas (Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area - 6.35, Dej - Gherla conurbation - 6.53, Turda - Câmpia Turzii conurbation - 6.19, Huedin area - 6.36). - In terms ofeconomic development, an adequate transport infrastructure and good (road, rail, air) connections can stimulate new investments in the territory, according to 44% of the respondents. On the other hand, the heavy traffic is the first obstacle to the economic development (over 50% of the respondents) along with the deteriorated road infrastructure - third place among the factors hindering the economic development of the county, according to about 37% of the respondents. - Regarding the means of transport used for travelling outside the place of residence during an ordinary week, the residents mainly preferto use theprivate car (company car, family car, a friend’s car) – 58% of the respondents, followed by the coach/bus (21%), considering that, in a normal week, 23.8% of the respondents need to travel every working day outside the place of residence (at work, school, college, for different purposes: caring for people, visiting relatives, shopping, selling products, transporting people, etc.), while 14.2% of the respondents need to travel 3-4 times a week. - Regarding the quality of the existing transport infrastructure components at county level, on a scalefrom 1 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), theroad qualitycomponent was rated 5.79, theschedule of themeans of interurban public transport (minibus/bus) component was rated 7.04, theticket price for interurban public transportcomponent was rated 5.98, thequality of transport by traincomponent was rated 6.02, theroad traffic safetyin the residence areacomponent was rated 6,55, theexistence ofbicycle/scooter lanescomponent was rated 5.80, thequality of bicycle/scooter lanescomponent was rated 6.47 and thequality of pedestrian traffic (sidewalks)component was rated 6.13. Please note that the ratings represent an average between the values registered in each sub-area. 5.6. Conclusions on urban/metropolitan public transport 1. The vehicle fleet of the public transport operators is constantly changing, with a focus on the purchase of electric means of transport, which will increase the quality of trips and reduce pollution, while increasing the attractiveness of the road public transport. 2. The introduction of the metropolitan transport routes is a key factor in coagulating the integrated development of the metropolitan area. The process is in a more advanced stage in Cluj-Napoca City and at an early stage in Dej City. 3. The modernization of the tram system in Cluj-Napoca streamlined the use of trams and increased the quality of this type of urban transport. 4. The implementation of the green line project for clean urban transport (line 0) in Cluj-Napoca City is almost completed. 5. Multimodal transport mini-hubs can be identified in Cluj-Napoca, but without the specific amenities and facilities (e.g. PiațaGării, where the rail transport intersects with the road urban and interurban transport; airport area, where the air transport intersects with the road urban and interurban transport). 361 6. The metropolitan transport does not yet cover the entire metropolitan area, according to the configuration of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area, this extending up to the localities in the second ring. 7. The main passenger flows also changed in the last decade as a result of the change of location for the main residential and industrial areas in Cluj-Napoca City and the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area. Thus, the greatest flow is currently registered from east to west, resulting in the under- utilization of the current tram line from northeast to southwest and the overuse of the other means of transport from east to west. Proposal – building and arranging a new tramway track structure between Jucu and Căpușu, in stages: stage 1 Airport – Florești, stage 2. Florești – Gilău; airport – Apahida; stage 3. Gilău – Căpuș - Apahida – Jucu. 8. The urban public transport network is undersized as far as the trolleybus lines are concerned, since it does not cover neighborhoods such as Grigorescu, Baciu, Zorilor, Bulgaria and Dâmbu Rotund. The result is the overuse of the bus transport, with higher levels of pollution in these areas. Proposal: expansion of the trolleybus network to cover these residential areas. 9. There is no unitary network of bicycle lanes in Cluj-Napoca City, only sequentially, which causes discomfort and makes this type of transport less safe and less attractive for the population. Proposal: expansion of the bicycle lane infrastructure to create a unitary network. 10. No metropolitan transport routes to ensure the direct connection between the localities in the first ring of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area 11. Since there are no available parking spaces for the means of public transport, these have to be parked in Cluj-Napoca City, resulting in additional trips to the corresponding departure stations, which are not cost-effective and mean longer access times in the morning and in the evening. 12. The metropolitan public transport routes only run until 11 p.m., which means people have to travel at night using their own cars or by taxi, resulting in higher travel costs. 362 6. INTERMODAL AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT Intermodal and multimodal transport are alternative forms and not different modes of transport, which have recently developed in order to streamline the current forms of transport by interconnecting the networks. For intermodal transport, the shape that makes it necessary to interconnect the modes of transport is the intermodal container. Since most of the finished products are currently transported in containers, which are the main type of equipment used in intermodal transport, it is estimated that intermodal transport, together with the technological improvements of the transshipment systems, will become the new paradigm for international trade in the 21st century, being considered as the most efficient way of managing the international “door to door” transport activity. This is due to the fact that intermodal transport optimally combines the specific advantages of each mode of transport on a given route, such as the flexibility of road transport, the high capacity of rail transport, the low costs of water transport and the higher speed of air transport. Thus, the container carrying the goods is moved within the transport system using compatible platforms, so that there is no need to touch the goods, but only handle the container to its destination. For multimodal transport, it is mainly the passenger who requires interconnected modes of transport. However, multimodal transport systems are also developed for goods transport. This interconnection also derives from the flexibility of road transport, the high capacity of rail transport, the low costs of water transport and the higher speed of air transport. In this context, the development of multimodal transport networks is aimed at eliminating the waiting times and increasing the connectivity between the basic modes of transport, so that the passenger can experience an easy, efficient and rapid journey within the public transport system. This can discourage the use of individual transport solutions in favor of the public ones, which could solve a lot of problems the society is facing today: reduction of pollution, faster transfer, reduction of the number of accidents and deaths, reduction of transport costs. 6.1. General background for the emergence and development of intermodal transport13 One of the most important phenomena in the 21st century is the expansion of globalization, which involves the international integration of goods and services markets, capital markets, free and unrestricted access, on a commercial basis, to raw materials and energy resources. In the current context of rising fuel prices, many companies believe that there is an obvious need to move production centers closer to end consumers to help reduce costs and keep prices low. Therefore, as a result of globalization, there is a significant increase in the number of traded finished products, due to direct foreign investments in regions with low labor costs and access to trade routes, a trend that is expected to continue in the following years. As far as transport is concerned, the main effect of the globalization is the correlation between the economic growth and the development of the goods and passenger transport. The transport development 13The Intermodal Transport Strategy in Romania, 2020 http://mt.gov.ro/web14/documente/strategie/strategii_sectoriale/strategie_de_ transport_intermodal_text.pdf 363 closely followed the global economic development, which brought about a continuous increase of the volume of transported goods. This led to an increase in the number of road goods transport vehicles, additional costs, pollution, accidents and negative social impacts. The need of decoupling the economic growth from the increased volume of transported goods, in order to continue to reap the benefits of economic growth without the negative impacts, takes on new forms with the promotion of the „environmentally friendly” and safer modes of transport. In order to meet the challenges of the globalization process, the beneficiaries of the different sectors of goods transport are calling for the creation of a safe transport services system and transport market, where the barriers of the modal and national transport systems would not restrict the choice of the most suitable goods transport route/mode. Moreover, the international competition and the geographic expansion of markets are forcing manufacturers and exporters to focus on integrated production technologies and transport logistics in order to reduce costs while providing high quality services. The concept of intermodal transport at national/international level started to develop in the 1960s, simultaneously with the appearance and evolution of large containers. This evolution led to an exponential increase in container transport, thus facilitating the considerable development of international trade. According to a definition commonly agreed by the main regional and international cooperation organizations and structures UN – EEC, ITF (formerly ECMT), EU, ICB and ICC, “intermodal transport is a transport system involving the successive use of at least two modes of transport and in which the intermodal transport unit is not divided when changing the modes of transport”14. Intermodal transport is also defined as the “door to door”transport system using at least two modes oftransport in an integrated manner15. In accordance with the definitions approved and adopted in Geneva, June 2010, by the Working Party on Transport Statistics of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (WP 6 UN – EEC), the definition according to which the intermodal transport is “a particular case of multimodal transport”, performed in one and the same Intermodal Transport Unit – ITU by successive modes of transport and without dividing the goods when changing the modes of transport16 has been reiterated and approved (Figure 168). 14 UN (2001), Terminology on Combined Transport (New York and Geneva). 15 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001, Institutional aspects on intermodal freight transport, Paris. 16 The Intermodal Transport Strategy in Romania, 2020. http://mt.gov.ro/web14/documente/strategie/strategii_sectoriale/strategie_de_transport_ intermodal_text.pdf 364 The structure of the intermodal transport system is based on 3 elements: - a goods transport system over long distances (usually involving maritime, rail, inland waterway and/or air transport); - transport terminals to ensure the efficient transfer of load units from a modal transport system to another; - a collection and distribution system for the flows of goods at the points of origin and destination in the transport chain (usually achieved by road transport). The development of intermodal transport using containers has led to the production of special ships, rail and road vehicles for container transport. It allowed the implementation of complete logistics chains for the door to door transport of containers. Figure 167– General concept for the organization of intermodal transport Source: authors In the case of large shipments (loading capacity of a full train), the logistics chain involves the land transport of containers in fully laden train wagons to the maritime terminal where the cargo is transferred on cargo ships. In the case of small shipments (loading capacity of a wagon/container), the logistic chain involves the road transport of containers using special road trains for container transport. (Figure 169). Figure 168– The logistics chain for the transport of goods in containers using the intermodal system Source: The Strategy for the Development of Rail Infrastructure, 2018-2020 Theoretically, in the case of land transport over medium and long distances, it is advisable to also use the rail transport in the logistic chain illustrated in the figure above to ensure the container movement from the ship to the rail container terminal closest to the consignor, respectively to the consignee (Figure 170). 365 Figure 169– The correct logistics chart for the organization of intermodal land transport Source: The Strategy for the Development of Rail Infrastructure, 2018-2020 In this case, the road container transport should only be used for the last mile delivery, between the consignor (consignee) and the nearest terminal. Such a logistics chain involves the use of a single goods loading unit throughout the shipment. The alternative involves the transshipment of goods between road vehicles and trains, which entails significant additional costs, including costs generated by the potential depreciation of the goods during the transshipment, and considerably longer delivery time. The most natural way to implement such a logistics chain is to use containers as a standard goods loading unit. Such an approach requires the transshipment of the container between the ship, the train and the road transport vehicle, which results in the need for intermodal terminals as an interface between the maritime, rail and road segments (Figure 171). Figure 170– The correct logistics chart for the organization of intercontinental intermodal transport Source: The Strategy for the Development of Rail Infrastructure, 2018-2020 The implementation of such intermodal logistics chains is economically beneficial, as the goods are forwarded, for the most part, using modes of transport characterized by high energy efficiency, high safety and low level of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions (with reference to rail and maritime transport). 366 6.2. The intermodal transport in Romania The intermodal goods transport in Romania has experienced periods of both bloom and marked decline. Before 1989, the intermodal rail-road transport, in particular the container transport, has seen a significant development. It should be mentioned that this development was favored by the severe restrictions imposed on the interurban road goods transport. In this context, a network of intermodal container terminals was established, which served the main cities in the country. After 1989, due to the relaxation of the restrictions imposed on road transport, there was a massive migration of customers to this mode of transport. This migration was mainly driven by the more attractive prices offered by road carriers. After 1998, the reorganization of the Romanian rail system stressed the imbalance between the prices of the rail and road transport, mainly due to the internalization by the rail system of some important costs, such as the transport infrastructure operating cost and some costs regarding the transport safety. Under these conditions, the decline of intermodal transport was further exacerbated and its share has steadily decreased to extinction. Although the intermodal transport infrastructure (platforms, cranes, storage spaces) at some rail stations still exists, the share of intermodal transport within the rail goods transport is currently below 1% (Figure 172). Figure 171– Intermodal terminals on the Romanian rail network Source: http://www.cfrmarfa.cfr.ro/ images/stories/RCF7/terminale.pdf 367 In Romania, experience has shown that the land transport of isolated containers is carried out exclusively by road, regardless of the distance. Upon reorganization of the rail system, the intermodal terminal network became the property of CFR- Marfă, the national operator providing rail goods transport services. Due to the increasing decline of intermodal transport, the financial resources for the maintenance of the intermodal terminals (including the technical equipment for container handling) have decreased, which led to the progressive degradation of the terminals and the related technical equipment. Many of the CFR-Marfă intermodal terminals are currently inactive or closed. Furthermore, many of the container handling cranes are out of service. It should be noted that the total daily average of the containers operated in the entire network accounts for less than 40% of the daily average of containers operated before 1989 only in the BucureștiiNoi terminal 17 (Table 73). Table 73. Current state of the equipment in the Romanian intermodal transport terminals Item No. of Current terminal Terminal name Equipment state no. equipment state 1 BucureștiiNoi 4 cranes 1 operational Active 2 București Sud (Titan) 3 cranes 1 operational Active 3 BucureștiProgresu 1 crane in storage Closed 4 PloieștiCrâng 3 cranes 1 active Inactive 5 Bradu de Sus 2 cranes operational Inactive 6 BujoreniVâlcea 2 cranes 1 operational Inactive 7 Craiova 3 cranes 2 non-operational, 1 in storage Inactive 8 Semenic 3 cranes 2 operational Inactive 9 Glogovăț 2 cranes non-operational Closed 10 Cluj-Napoca Est 1 crane operational Active 11 Turda 1 crane operational Active 12 Oradea Est 2 cranes 1 in storage, 1 approved for scrapping Inactive 13 Bistrița Nord 1 crane operational Active 17 The Strategy for the Development of Rail Infrastructure, 2018-2020. 368 Item No. of Current terminal Terminal name Equipment state no. equipment state 14 Baia Mare 2 cranes 1 in storage, 1 approved for scrapping Closed 15 Zalău Nord 1 crane operational Active 16 BrașovTriaj 2 cranes operational Active 17 Mediaș 1 crane operational Inactive 18 Sibiu 1 crane in storage Closed 19 Târgu Mureș Sud 1 crane in storage Closed 20 SocolaMărfuri (Iași) 1 crane operational Inactive 21 Suceava 1 crane operational Active 22 Bacău 1 crane operational Active 23 Botoșani No cranes - Closed 24 GalațiMărfuri 3 cranes in storage Inactive 25 Buzău Sud 2 cranes 1 operational, 1 in storage Inactive 26 ConstanțaMărfuri No cranes 3 cranes have been moved Closed Source: The Strategy for the Development of Rail Infrastructure, 2018-2020 In addition to the intermodal terminals belonging to CFR Marfă, 13 other terminals belonging to private operators are currently used at national level: 1). Europolis Park/Tibbett Logistics - Bucharest 2). Comat Electro - Bucharest 3). Faur Industrial Park - Bucharest 4). Railport Arad - Arad 5). Trade Trans Terminal - Arad 6). DB Schenker Romtrans SA - Arad 7). DB Schenker Romtrans SA - Iași 8). Unicom Oil Rail Terminal - Galați 9). DB Schenker Romtrans SA - Oradea 10). Unicom Holding Halmeu - Satu Mare 11). Unicom Holding Dornești - Suceava 12). Unicom Holding - Mehedinți 13). Allianso Group Ploiești However, it should be mentioned that due to the imbalances between rail and road transport prices, these terminals have a low contribution to the promotion of the intermodal rail-road transport on domestic 369 routes. For example, the Railport Arad terminal, which has a rather intense activity, operates almost exclusively container trains that make the connection between Arad and Western European countries. In Romania, these containers are transported almost exclusively by road. The biggest intermodal terminal in Romania is operated in Constanta Harbor by DP World. However, this terminal is not at all used for the intermodal rail-road transport. The terminal acts as an interface for water- rail logistics chains in the case of large shipments loaded in containers (transported by land in fully laden trains) and for water-road logistics chains in the case of small shipments (in isolated containers). It is also worth mentioning that before 1989 CFR Marfă had its own container fleet for domestic transport. This container fleet was large enough to handle all the domestic intermodal goods transport. After 1989, due to the decline of intermodal transport, this fleet was not renewed and its maintenance works were neglected, thus suffering a gradual, but rather fast degradation. This container fleet no longer exists today; it was dismembered and sold for scrap. 6.3. The current state of intermodal transport in Cluj County In line with the situation described at national level, Cluj County was equipped before 1989 with two intermodal rail-road stations for the transport of goods in containers. The two stations were built in the main industrial centers in the county at the time: Cluj-Napoca and Turda. The intermodal station in Cluj-Napoca is located in the CF Cluj-Napoca Est station, in the Someșeni neighborhood, while the station in Turda is located in the CF Turda station (Figure 173, 174). 370 Figure 172– The intermodal transport station in Cluj-Napoca Est Source: https://www.google.ro/maps Figure 173– The intermodal transport station in Turda Source: https://www.google.ro/maps 371 Each of these stations are equipped with a container handling crane and are operational. The major issues of these intermodal stations, however, is that the infrastructure is old and there is currently no demand for this type of logistics chain, which has led to their physical and moral deterioration. Satellite images show no sign of activity on the station premises and no stored containers waiting to be processed. No intermodal transport stations were built in the other rail stations in Cluj County. 6.4. The current state of multimodal transport in Cluj County There are currently no real multimodal transport systems operating in Cluj County. An early form of multimodal transport can be considered the railway station area in Cluj-Napoca City, where three forms of transport (rail, road interurban and urban) intersect, providing the passengers with some advantages (rather easy access to different modes of travel, interconnectivity, decent waiting conditions, means of information). The major problem, however, is the multimodal interconnectivity of all the forms of transport in the county and especially in Cluj-Napoca City, where there is no direct connection between the infrastructure corresponding to the land (road and rail) and air transport. Almost 10 km separate these facilities and they can only be accessed by urban transport networks (trolleybus, bus), with access times of almost 1 hour. This most often causes inconvenience or discomfort in accessing the means of public transport and the passengers only use these in case of urgent need, otherwise preferring to use their cars. The direct result of this state of affairs is the explosive increase of the number of cars on the streets and failure of the existing road infrastructure to support such traffic. Another case of underdeveloped intermodal and multimodal transport infrastructure is the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca. It does not have a cargo terminal connected to the rail infrastructure and a Cluj East bypass road to facilitate the direct access of the intermodal means of transport. 6.5. Conclusions The main conclusions that can be drawn regarding the intermodal and multimodal transport are: 1). The intermodal and multimodal transport are alternative solutions for increasing the economic efficiency of the passenger and goods transport. 2). These forms of transport are very well developed internationally, with numerous examples of good practices. 3). Before 1989, Romania had some experience and an operational infrastructure developed for the multimodal water-rail-road transport that generated significant resources to the state budget. 4). After 1989, the intermodal transport infrastructure has been constantly degrading to total destruction in many cases. 5). At present, the road transport of goods in containers is by far the most commonly used type of transport in Romania, the rail transport accounting for just 1% of this flow. 6). There are 2 operational (but not used) intermodal transport stations belonging to CFR Marfă in Cluj County (Cluj-Napoca Est and Turda) and no privately owned stations. 372 7). The station in Turda is located outside the area of economic interest for the intermodal transport of goods in containers, as a result of the significant changes in the local economy, but can be revived by the development of regional goods warehouses for the big hypermarket chains in the county (e.g. Kaufland). 8). The station in Cluj-Napoca is currently in a similar situation with the station in Turda, but it can be revived by the interconnection with the airport. 9). The intermodal transport system should be developed in parallel with the modernization of the rail infrastructure in the county, in order to shorten the travel time and increase the energy efficiency. 10). There are currently no multimodal passenger and goods transport hubs in Cluj County, giving rise to a great deal of interconnectivity problems and disadvantages in using the current forms of transport. 11). A modern intermodal transport station should be developed in Cluj County; TETAROM III Industrial Park in Jucu seems to be the most suitable place for this purpose. 12). If nothing has been done for this transport segment in the last 30 years, at national level and especially in Cluj County, the future of transport in the county must be intermodal, but mostly multimodal. 373 7. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON ROAD, RAIL, AIR AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE. An analysis of the current road, rail and air transport infrastructure in Cluj County shows the following problems, dysfunctions and spatial disparities: 7.1. Road transport infrastructure 1. Network configuration - The spatial configuration of the road infrastructure in Cluj County is still highly centripetal, with three convergence nodes (Cluj-Napoca, Turda, Dej) and a secondary road node in Huedin City. The local network spatial configuration has different forms that fall into all three basic types: linear, centripetal and distributive. Thus, while the network configuration is highly linear in the northern part of the Apuseni Mountains (Gilău-Muntele Mare Massif, Vlădeasa Mountains), it becomes centripetal in the peripheral basin and the hilly areas, and roughly distributive in the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area and in some places in the Transylvanian Plain. This was also clearly reflected in the uneven territorial development of the county, especially due to the fact that, until 2016, the road network has not benefited from modernization programs, suffering degradation and, in some cases, becoming impassable.After all, the traffic flows are concentrated in the 4 convergence nodes, putting pressure on the built-up areas that are crossed by the main thoroughfares (national roads, and in some cases county roads) due to the lack of functional ring roads. 2. The network length and extension by road type – except for the building and commissioning of some sections of the A3 and A10 motorways with a total length of 68 km, the building of new roads in the Cluj County area has stagnated in the last 10 years. Most of the actions undertaken in this period of time were aimed at maintaining and modernizing the existing road infrastructure, while some road sections have been reclassified (from communal to county roads and from county to national roads). There are however some completed, as well as ongoing initiatives for the building and planning of beltways bypassing the areas/localities affected by the increased transit and commuter traffic that causes congestions, traffic jams, accidents and significant delays in the passenger and goods transport. Still strongly affected by heavy traffic (jams, congestions, long travel time over short distances) are Cluj-Napoca City, Turda City, Dej City and Huedin City in the absence of ring roads, as well as the rural territorial administrative units in the first ring of the Cluj- Napoca Metropolitan Area (Florești, Gilău, Baciu, Apahida). The western half of Cluj County is crossed from north to south by a segment of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), partially overlapped by the A3 motorway. 3. Transport and accessibility. The most significant dysfunction of the classified roads in Cluj County is the existence of dirt sections, accounting for 16.42% of communal roads and 2.41% of county roads. In the case of county roads, it is worth noting that these dirt sections are mainly located in the central part, thus blocking the connectivity across the entire road and causing a low connectivity between localities. Moreover, the county or communal roads ensuring access to tourist attractions are barely passable during the cold and rainy periods of the year, which is another drawback of the road infrastructure across the county. The lack of access to the motorway from the DJ 103G, DJ 107R, DJ 107L, DJ 107M county roads influences the accessibility in the territory and the transit traffic still has to go through Cluj-Napoca City. 374 4. Vehicle transit and heavy traffic. The traffic census conducted by CESTRIN (2015) on the national roads (DN 1, DN 1C, DN 1 F, DN 17, as well as the ring roads) in Cluj-Napoca City and metropolitan area, Turda City and Dej City has shown class I (motorways) traffic values, on certain portions exceeding the reference threshold of 16,000 physical units by 50% or 100%, which puts too much stress on the road infrastructure and leads to permanent traffic jams and congestions, with a lot of related effects (delays, pollution, stress, accidents, rapid degradation of the road superstructure, etc.). The analysis of the territorial distribution of road traffic in Cluj County for 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030 clearly shows an increasing traffic in the central part of the county (Cluj-Napoca City and Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area), as well as on DN 1 between Cluj-Napoca and Turda, DN 1C between Cluj-Napoca and Dej. Other negative effects related to the excessive traffic:noise and physical pollution, damage to the structural frame of the buildings located along the national and county roads. As far as the A3 and A10 motorway sections are concerned, the intensity of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) is below the level specific to the road class (class I), due to the non-completion of the following A3 motorway section: Bucharest - Ploiești - Brașov - Cluj-Napoca - Borș. 5. The quality of roads, road structures and complementary infrastructure. Poor and very poor road coatings still exist at the level of the county road infrastructure, which is an obstacle to the proper road use and local development. The county roads with such road sections highly restrict or totally block the traffic and the areas served by these roads are turning into real peripheral areas. There are 23 county roads with poor coating, with a section share ranging from 2% (DJ 109A) to 100% (DJ 170B) and 10 county roads with very poor coating, with a section share ranging from 4.6% (DJ 161D) to 66% (DJ 108K). The generally impassable communal roads, in particular during the cold and rainy season, cause the isolation of some localities and create discontinuity in the local road network, due to the road sections with gravel, dirt or asphalt coatings, but of poor and very poor quality. It can be noted that almost 50% of the infrastructure elements supporting the road traffic (passages, bridges) fall within the middle reliability class (M) and that they are reaching the end of their appropriate use period, following which their use will be deficient; this high percentage will create significant budget pressure for their modernization, in order to avoid their reclassification as being in poor and very poor condition, which will affect the road traffic. The bridges in average condition (50.43%) are dominant on national roads. The bridges in average condition are clearly dominant on county roads (52.76%), followed by those in poor condition (23.23%). The roundabouts are a way of easing the traffic flow and ensuring a safer crossing of intersections. Another relevant aspect of such an intersection is the number of traffic lanes. The roundabouts with high traffic capacity have at least two lanes, one for changing the direction of travel and one for going straight ahead. The road network includes 53 roundabouts, of which 24 are single-lane roundabouts and 29 are two-lane roundabouts. Most permanent roundabouts are located in Cluj-Napoca City and its metropolitan area, followed by the Turda-Câmpia Turzii conurbation, Dej City and Gherla City. Outside these urban areas, the roundabouts are not formalized as permanent structures, although it would be necessary especially in places where European and national roads intersect with the local road network. In conclusion, the number, typology and location of roundabouts still indicate the road managers’ low concern for traffic safety and for ensuring a smooth traffic flow, which continue to cause high rates of accidents in intersections. 6. Availability of related services. Parking, stopping and standing places are required for a smooth traffic flowand ensuring the safe stop of road users for rest, recreation and recovery of their mental and physical capacity so as to be able to continue their journey. They are also complemented by 375 the desire of tourists to explore and to eat, rest, relax and be informed. In terms of Cluj County's road network, parking, stopping and standing spaces are only provided on national roads, but not on other roads. The endowment of these places varies from a simple recess with no amenities to places with resting street furniture (table, chairs, trash cans) or complex parking lots equipped with accommodation, food service, car service units and gas stations. These facilities are of minimum quality, they are not modernized and they do not provide comfort and access to minimum amenities. The territorial distribution of the parking spaces shows that they are grouped along the main thoroughfares (national roads and ring roads) and that they are non-existent on the motorway, county and communal roads. The spatial distribution of the gas stations indicates their massive concentration in the cities, 61 of the 92 gas stations being located in one of the six urban centers of Cluj County, i.e. over 66% of all gas stations. The almost complete lack of gas stations in the rural areas generates discomfort, additional costs and stress concerning the refueling of passenger cars, as well as other types of vehicles. The distance to the nearest gas station increases significantly in this form of territorial distribution, which means that in certain areas of the county there is an increasing risk of running out of fuel, the nearest gas station being located tens of kilometers away. Examples include the northern part of the Apuseni Mountains, where some localities are over 40 km away from the nearest gas station, and the whole area ranges between 20 and 40 km, or the Someșan Plateau in the northwestern part of the county (the Recea-Cristur, Bobâlna, Vad communes), the northernmost part of the county (Chiuiești commune), as well as the localities from the eastern boundary of the county. Charging stations. There are currently no gas stations in Cluj County supplying electricity for charging the electric vehicles. 7. Traffic safety. Three essential components must be taken into consideration: availability of traffic support elements on the roads (road barriers, longitudinal markings for separating the directions of travel, vertical road signs, milestones, roundabouts, planned level crossings), road characteristics (number of lanes in each direction, pre-selection lanes for access to other roads, intersections, crosswalks and/or pedestrian passages) and volume and speed of traffic. From the point of view of the availability of traffic support elements on the roads, it can be noted that, unlike the national and modernized county road sections, the road barriers and the vertical road signs on most of the county roads are worn, the horizontal markings and the milestones are missing, and the intersections with other lower class roads or the level crossings are unmarked (lack of road tag and destination) and not properly planned (no permanent roundabout, traffic lights or pre-selection lane). From the point of view of the characteristics of the roads in Cluj County, with the exception of some A3 and A10 motorway sections and some short/limited national road sections, there is one common feature – single-lane roads, a feature characterizing the entire national road network, which contributes decisively to the minimum traffic safety and the increased number of accidents. Another key factor is the lack of pre-selection lanes for left turns (vertical signs + traffic islands) or permanent roundabouts for exiting a national road and entering a lower class road (communal or county road). Other factors minimizing the traffic safety are the sloping road sections, with a series of dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents, the lack of modernized and planned level crossings (of the 46 such intersections, 40 have no barriers whatsoever, 3 have half barriers and 3 have barriers). The volume and speed of traffic are direct causes of accidents involving both vehicles and pedestrians, through illegal overtakes and exceeding the speed limit in localities, complemented by the lack of crosswalks with traffic lights or pedestrian bridges on road segments with heavy traffic. Thus, most accidents on the classified roads in Cluj County occur on national roads, followed by the county and communal roads. Compared to the year 2009 (265 accidents -77.03%- on the national road network), 324 376 accidents occurred on national roads in 2018 (69.98% of all accidents). The most significant increase in the number of accidents is registered on the communal roads (+ 107.14%), followed by county roads with 69.23% more accidents. 8. Reactive approach in establishing the investment priorities in the county and regional road infrastructure. Investments in the rehabilitation and modernization of the communal and county road network in Cluj County only started in 2014, despite the increased traffic and needs. Therefore, the rehabilitation and maintenance costs are higher, and much of the road infrastructure has degraded beyond the minimum functionality level, with impassable county road sections during the rainy and cold season. As a result, the increase in the level of connectivity and accessibility at county level is being delayed. 7.2. Rail transport infrastructure 1. Rail network configuration and relation / connection with European corridors (degree of connectivity). The rail infrastructure in Cluj County is a mixed network of single-track, non- electrified lines (Poieni – Ciucea; Dej-Triaj – Cășeiu), double-track, non-electrified lines (Ciucea – BaciuTriaj), double-track, electrified lines (Baciu-Triaj – Cluj-Napoca – Apahida – Câmpia Turzii – Călărași-Turda; Apahida – Dej Călători – Dej-Triaj) and double-track, non-electrified lines (Poieni – Baciu-Triaj) (CFR reference document, 2019, Annex 1a). There are also closed railway lines: 311 – Huedin – Călățele (single-track, non-electrified railway); non-interoperable lines – Câmpia Turzii – Turda. The existing rail network facilitates the transport of passengers and goods from south-east to north-west with direct connection with Bihor County, from south-east to north-east with direct connection with Sălaj County and Bistrița-Năsăud County, south with Alba County and east with Mureș County. The Câmpia Turzii – Apahida – Cluj-Napoca – Huedin - Episcopia Bihor railway section is part of the CFR 300 main line and overlaps the TEN-T rail corridor. The Cășeiu – Dej – Beclan – Sărățel railway section is part of the CFR 400 main line and overlaps the TEN-T rail corridor. The network includes two hubs, one of regional importance - Dej Călători, and the other of county importance – Apahida (within the main railway 401, which connects Dej with Cluj- Napoca, Dej with Câmpia Turzii and Câmpia Turzii with Cluj-Napoca. 2. Railway condition and railway line categories (modernized, rehabilitated, electrified). Degree of modernization. According to NIS, 240 km of railway lines were in use in 2018 in Cluj County, of which 129 km (53.75%) were electrified lines and 111 km (46.25%) non-electrified lines. Regarding the degree of electrification, Cluj County is second after Bistrița-Năsăud County, with a percentage above the national figure (37.40%), a real advantage in the context of the current economic changes at national and European level.Also, out of the 240 km of railway lines, 72 km (30%) are single-track and 168 km (70%) are double-track, which places the county on the third position in the North-West Region and on the 16th position at national level. No railway modernization or expansion works have been carried out in the last 30 years at county level. However, it is worth noting that the Cluj-Napoca – Oradea – Episcopia Bihor section is neither electrified nor modernized, but is seen as a development priority by GTMP and a short-term investment by CN CFR SA, in order to increase the quality and sustainability of rail transport. There are also secondary standard- or narrow-gauge railways, which have been closed and put under conservation or not. Plus industrial standard- or narrow-gauge railways. For example, after 1997, the 309 railway line Turda – Câmpeni – Abrud was closed and put under conservation due to its economic inefficiency, together with the 311 railway line Huedin – Călățele and the 322 railway line Câmpia Turzii – Turda. This led to the destruction of the infrastructure, especially through theft, but also through physical 377 and technical degradation. TMP (2015) proposed that the 309 railway line Turda – Câmpeni – Abrud be used for the purposes of tourism through a public-private partnership in 2016-2018; the project is not finalized yet. 3. Vulnerability to natural hazards. Due to insignificant investments in maintaining the quality and functionality of the rail network in the last 30 years, all equipment and materials are worn, resulting in low performance and profitability. The natural hazards with the greatest impact on the rail infrastructure are landslides and floods. These can cause deformation or even destruction of the infrastructure elements, and even block the railway traffic. The railway section in Cluj County with the largest and most intense risk factors is the Câmpia Turzii - Apahida section, where landslides are very common and the main cause of speed restrictions. Floods are another risk factor that can affect the rail infrastructure, usually along the catchment basins. This is the case with the 300 railway line between Brăișoru-Poieni and Piatra Craiului-Bulz stations, as well as the Apahida – Dej main line between Jucu-Bonțida and Bonțida-Iclod stations. The length of the county railway sections affected by landslides is 6,690 m and those affected by floods is 1,083 m, in total 7,773 m of railway affected by natural hazards. 4. Equipment quality – switches and crossings, rolling stock and stations/halts.Considering the current demand and infrastructure conditions, the rail network in Cluj County has the same dysfunctions as those seen at national level. Most of the switches and crossings are reaching or have exceeded their max. technical operating life, which means they have to be replaced or the entire infrastructure must be modernized. 98% of all railway signaling and centralization systems in Cluj County have exceeded their standard operating life, which requires investment/modernization works to replace them.These shortcomings can increase the risk of malfunctions of the systems for the monitoring, control and coordination of rail traffic. The Cluj Regional Railway Branch in Cluj County has 10 stations and 15 halts. They are used for passenger and goods transport, as well as other specific activities.Over 66% of halts are in a very poor condition, with no repairs or modernization works performed in the last 30 years. The most serious shortcomings of these stations and halts are the poor condition of the sanitary facilities, lack of running water, heating systems, waiting room, information systems, buildings are in an advanced state of degradation, etc. However, in the last 3 years, 3 railway stations have been rehabilitated: Gherla (2019), the Călărași-Turda halt (2019) and the Cojocna halt (2017). Nonetheless, it should be mentioned that the stations of the two main hubs in Cluj County, Dej Călători and Apahida, are still in an advanced state of degradation and require major repairs. 5. Railway accidents can be of different kinds and have various causes. These occur both within the rail network and at the intersection of the rail network with other transport networks, such as the road network. Railway accidents occurred in Cluj County involved vehicles on all the railway sections. According to these data, such accidents occur at the intersection of the rail network with lower technical class or unclassified roads, where there are no barrier warning systems installed for stopping the road vehicles, the crossings are with concrete slabs, which significantly affect both the comfort and especially the railway crossing times and safety, and the visibility is low. At present, 28 of the 55 level crossings present a high risk of accidents due to the lack of barriers. Also, a territorial concentration of accidents can be observed in the Călărași, Dezmir, Baciu, Meraand Brăișoru areas on the 300 main line and in the Jucu, Iclod and Dej areas on the 412 railway line. 378 6. Reliability of rail transport - Train speed limitation in Cluj County may have two direct causes (natural or technological conditions) or may occur indirectly (as a result of the delays already registered on the route) and may be temporary or permanent. These speed limitations mean longer travel times for trains between two stations and the cumulative travel time is longer than what the beneficiaries expect. For long distance journeys, the travel time increases to 8-10-12 hours. The rail network in Cluj County comprises 51 sections with speed restrictions over a length of 71.730 km, i.e. 29.88% of the total length of the currently operational railway system. The most frequent cause of speed limitation is of technical nature. The rail network in Cluj County includes 34 sections with speed limitation due to the track curvature, over a length of 53.213 km, i.e. 74.18% of the total length of speed limitation sections and 22.17% of the total length of the county operational rail network. The speed limitation ranges from 10 km/h to 90 km/h. The reduction of the train travel speed in the county is also caused by the state of the tracks (highly worn or exposed to natural hazards – landslides, floods). The total length of the railway sections affected by this cause is 15.877 km, i.e. 22.13% of the total length of speed limitation sections and 6.61% of the total length of the county operational rail network. Other causes include level crossings, bridges or switching from double-track to single-track railway lines. The average speed of travel for all railway sections is reduced from 88.3 km/h to 63.3 km/h, which means a loss of 25 km/h (28.3% of the average speed designed for the rail network more than a century ago). The highest average speed losses are registered on the 416 railway line, namely 50 km/h between Dej-Triaj and Dej- Călători stations, followed by the 300 railway line with a speed reduction of 24.43 km/h and the 412 railway line on the Apahida – Dej – Gâlgău section, with a speed reduction of 21.42 km/h. Thus, in 2019, a train journey from Cluj-Napoca to Bucharest takes 10 hours and the average travel speed is 54 km/h, and a journey from Cluj-Napoca to Oradea takes 4 hours, at an average speed of only 37.5 km/h.This and other identified and presented issues drastically reduce the option of using trains as a means of transport, this being chosen only when there are clear financial advantages over road or air transport (for example, students who benefit from 100% discount or other social categories benefiting from significant discounts). 7. Degree of favorability/preference by passengers - low - In addition to the low comfort in the train wagons, speed limitations are the second major reason why passengers are reluctant to use the rail transport. The rail infrastructure and rail transport are mainly used for traveling over long distances outside the county or for extra-urban short-distance traveling. However, the rail transport is still the basic form of transport for heavy goods and even for passengers on distances of up to 1,000 km. The load factor for the available seats on CFR Călători total number of trains, Regio and Interregio, is still below 50%, with one percent higher on Interregio trains. This is still due to the low quality of services and comfort in the wagons, the ticket price and the journey times. With a load factor of available seats of over 60%, on three out of the four interoperable sections operated in competition with other railway operators, Transferoviar Călători is placed on the market average of about 65%. The other two companies had a market share of under 5% in 2017, SC TRANSFEROVIAR CĂLĂTORI SRL on a declining path and SC INTERREGIONAL CĂLĂTORI SRL on the upswing. This indicates that there is still not much of a competition on the railway passenger transport market, reflected both in the service quality and the charged prices. 8. Rail goods transport and degree of integration/relation with the other types of transport and specific infrastructures. The turnover and market share analysis shows that SNTFM “CFR MARFĂ” SA is the first of the 10 companies operating on the rail network in Cluj County, with a turnover of over RON 700 million in 2017, i.e. a market share of over 33%. S.C.GRUP FEROVIAR ROMAN S.A. is second, with a turnover of about RON 600 million and a market share of over 28%, which, together 379 with CFR MARFĂ, are the most important goods transport operators, with a market share of over 60%. The market share of the other 8 operators is less than 10%, some being on the rise, other stagnating or declining, but they all provide a strong competition for the top two operators in this ranking. It is worth mentioning that there are also foreign companies among operators that have entered on the Romanian goods transport market and offer integrated transport solutions both in the country and abroad (e.g. SC DEUTSCHE BAHN CARGO ROMANIA SRL). Therefore, transport solutions are available for the current development needs of Cluj County, provided that the rail infrastructure is modernized. 7.3. Air transport infrastructure - Avram Iancu International Airport in Cluj- Napoca 1. Current status. According to the GTMP (2015), based on the role and the potential of an airport to attract both domestic and international traffic, the Cluj International Airport is classified as International Hub Airport, serving more than 300,000 city inhabitants (Cluj-Napoca) and more than 1,000,000 inhabitants in the catchment area, the prospects of use showing that the airport will remain in this category in the future. The airport has strengthened its second position from the point of view of national importance, exceeding the estimated passenger traffic for 2025 (2,322,384 passengers) already in 2017. 2. Airport infrastructure and traffic capacity. The Avram Iancu International Airport in Cluj-Napoca has a specific infrastructure which, according to the technical parameters, allows flights carried out by short- and medium-haul C category aircrafts, mainly covering European destinations through regular flights and extra-European destinations through charter flights, the traffic gradually increasing after the commissioning of the new 2,190 m airport runway in 2013. The airport is operational year-round, with an operational runway capacity of 12 aircraft movements/hour. 3. Degree of flight internationalization. The airport is also constantly evolving in terms of the extension of the passenger catchment area. Compared to the year 2014, when the airport covered the demand with regular flights to 20 destinations in 12 countries, in 2019, it covers 44 domestic and international regular flights, thus ensuring direct connections to destinations in 21 countries from Europe and the Middle East through 7 airlines. In addition, the airport’s flight schedule includes seasonal tourist charter flights that contribute to the increase of the traffic and the flow of passengers transported to international destinations. The airport supports, through regular flights, the passenger traffic to domestic destinations (approx. 15%) and external destinations (85%). 4. Passenger traffic dynamics. There has been a steady, but significant increase in passenger traffic over the last 23 years, a proof of the airport efficiency and sustainability. A lower, but steady increase is expected in the future (approx. 2% per year), with over 7.5 million passengers towards 2035 (company’s own forecasts, the airport still has the status of an international hub). These forecasts are supported by the implementation of the strategic projects proposed for the infrastructure development (e.g. the runway extension up to 3,500 m, building of a new passenger and cargo terminal, the connection of the airport to the intermodal transport system, etc.) leading to the extension of the continental routes and even the introduction of transcontinental routes. 380 5. Goods transport. It is carried out exclusively with cargo aircrafts or, in a mixed system, with passenger aircrafts. At Cluj airport, goods and mail traffic is a relatively new activity, but in full development in recent years. Cargo air transport is used for high added value or easily perishable goods (e.g. electronics, jewelry, watches, luxury clothes, flowers, etc.) and can be operated at the airport's passenger terminals or separately at the cargo terminals. The evolution of the goods transport at the Cluj-Napoca airport also shows a constant, almost exponential growth between 2012 and 2017. The biggest growth was registered in 2008, when Romania joined the European Economic Area (EEA), the growth rate reaching +62.6% and after the emergence from the economic crisis in 2011, when the growth rate exceeded 100% and the air goods transport at the Cluj-Napoca airport was practically doubled and relaunched. After 2011, it has gradually increased by 20-30%, currently exceeding 3,000 t/year, and this share continues to grow due to the development of the IT industry and cutting-edge technology within the industrial parks in Cluj- Napoca City and the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area. 6. Risks and operating impediments (at present and in the near future). There are some risks and threats that may affect the air traffic safety and the airport infrastructure development in the future: a. natural: the weather conditions during the cold season, with long periods of fog, low cloud altitude, sudden cold air masses and the occurrence of convection cells generating strong storms; excessive breeding of crows (Corvusfrugilegus) as a result of the long period of use of the PataRât landfill in the south of Dezmir – the flight routes of these birds intersect with the airport area and the air corridors, risking collision with the aircrafts taking off/landing on the airport; b. other: the airport has no direct connection with the rail infrastructure and the motorway, which limits the direct access of passengers and goods coming to the airport by rail and by road and causes long travel and city crossing times; the current length of the main runway (2,190 m physical length and 2,040 m operational length) limits the operation of medium-haul aircrafts and the introduction of new routes; the significant shortage of aircraft parking spaces on the passenger terminal platforms, the existing platforms (APRON 1 and APRON 2) are mainly occupied with A and B category aircrafts; the increasing demand for air transport from the population and the business environment, which creates new expectations and the need for fast investments; this can lead to wrong decisions for the development of both the airport infrastructure and other infrastructure elements (e.g. the Cluj East beltway, which did not take into account the need of runway extension at the time of its design and execution); both the Someșul Mic catchment basin and the Cluj-Napoca East beltway are obstacles for the extension of the airport runway up to 3,500 m; there is a risk that some airlines will withdraw from the Cluj airport as a result of the lack of necessary investments; the clear trend of rapid increase of passenger and goods traffic, which requires more aircraft movements and larger spaces for passenger and goods processing; 7. Medium- and long-term development limits. The airport development depends on a combination of factors that act synergistically; considering the current limitations, it cannot develop in a medium- and long-haul airport. Due to its location, the functional airspace develops and extends over Cluj-Napoca City, and the approach area on the 07 direction (SW-NE) starts above the Mănăștur-Grigorescu neighborhood and ends at the base of the runway. In the eastern part of the airport, the approach area develops over the Dezmir-Apahida localities and extends as far as the Corpadea locality. Four avigation easement areas are located within the airport airspace, which are mentioned in the GUP of Cluj-Napoca City and of the TAUs adjacent to the airport, for urban planning purposes. A number of natural and anthropic obstacles (trees, hills, antennas, lightning rods, churches, buildings or cranes) are located in the approach area, which directly influence the angle of approaching the runway and implicitly the aircraft landing/take off maneuvers. Most of 381 these obstacles are located on the 07 landing/take off direction (SW-NE), in the built-up areas of Cluj-Napoca City. This influences both the airport development at present and in the future, due to the limited availability of land for the runway extension and the development of other airport infrastructures, and of the city’s built-up areas (building type, location and height), in order to preserve the runway approach area and, in the end, imposing the horizontal development of the city. On the 25 landing/take off direction (NE-SW), the approach area is much clearer, it only intersects with an asphalt plant and the peaks of two hills, yet it extends over localities (Apahida, Dezmir) in which the GUPs are imposing limits regarding the building location, type and height. In addition to this direct effect, other negative aspects can be noticed, such as: increased noise and physical pollution, agglomeration. There is a risk of increasing noise pollution in Cluj-Napoca City and the adjacent localities in the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area as a result of the increased air traffic, the expansion of the airport and the runway creating the premises for the operation of louder D class aircrafts at the airport (over 80 dB in the airport area and 60 dB above the city; the lack of an airport development master plan brings about multiple negative consequences, such as inadequate synergistic planning of the entire airport complex (e.g. separate terminals), insufficiently planned infrastructure flexibility (especially because of today's volatility in passenger air transport market planning) without taking into account the stakeholders’ needs and expectations. 7.4. Road and rail public transport in Cluj County 1. Road public transport: Each of the Cluj County urban centers benefits from bus terminals and departure/arrival bus stations. The public transport services are not equally distributed, with peripheral areas (covered by transport services from a single urban center) and areas with high availability of such services. The configuration of the public transport routes underlines the coverage with road transport services departing from Cluj-Napoca, located in the central area of the county, towards the eastern, north-western, western and south-western areas. The northern and north-peripheral, the southern and south-peripheral and the west-peripheral areas are not covered by the public transport services departing from Cluj-Napoca City. Access to and from these areas to the county seat is thus more complicated and they can only be reached by indirect and fragmented routes, with intermediate stations. 2. Rail public transport. Rail passenger transport is carried out on the following major railways:300 (Războieni – Călărași – Câmpia Turzii – Cluj-Napoca – Huedin – Piatra Craiului); 400 (Beclean – Dej – Cășeiu – Câțcău); 401 (Apahida – Gherla – Dej), mainly from the eastern to the western part of the county. The following routes have been analyzed: Călărași Turda Hm – Cluj-Napoca; Huedin – Cluj-Napoca; Câțcău – Dej Călători; Dej Călători – Apahida; Dej Călători – Cluj-Napoca. The degree of complementarity of the rail transport services is visible on distances of approx. 50 km east and west of Cluj-Napoca City, with a travel time for the longest available routes of approx. 1 hour, with stops in each station/halt. Thus, the train schedule allows for the commuter transport of the interested passenger groups for work and school. As regards the number of passengers accessing this service, their inclination to choose the rail transport is strongly influenced by the quality of the services and the facilities of the transport and complementary infrastructure. 382 7.5. Urban and metropolitan public transport 13. The development of the environmentally-friendly and alternative urban public transport is at an early stage in Turda City and Dej City and in a more advanced stage in Cluj-Napoca City. 14. There is no unitary network of bicycle lanes in Cluj-Napoca City, only sequentially, which causes discomfort and makes this type of transport less safe and less attractive for the population. Proposal: expansion of the bicycle lane infrastructure to create a unitary network. 15. The urban public transport network is undersized as far as the trolleybus lines are concerned, since it does not cover neighborhoods such as Grigorescu, Baciu, Zorilor, Bulgaria and Dâmbu Rotund. The result is the overuse of the bus transport, with higher levels of pollution in these areas. Proposal: expansion of the trolleybus network to cover these residential areas. 16. The modernization of the tram system in Cluj-Napoca streamlined the use of trams and increased the quality of this type of urban transport, but no longer covers the increase in the passenger flows from east to west, where the tram transport network is non-existent. 17. Multimodal transport mini-hubs can be identified in Cluj-Napoca, but without the specific amenities and facilities (e.g. PiațaGării, where the rail transport intersects with the road urban and interurban transport; airport area, where the air transport intersects with the road urban and interurban transport). 18. The main passenger flows also changed in the last decade as a result of the change of location for the main residential and industrial areas in Cluj-Napoca City and the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area. Thus, the greatest flow is currently registered from east to west, resulting in the under- utilization of the current tram line from northeast to southwest and the overuse of the other means of transport from east to west. Proposal – building and arranging a new tramway track structure between Jucu and Căpușu, in stages: stage 1 Airport – Florești, stage 2. Florești – Gilău; airport – Apahida; stage 3. Gilău – Căpuș - Apahida – Jucu. 19. The metropolitan transport does not yet cover the entire metropolitan area, according to the configuration of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area, this extending up to the localities in the second ring. 20. No metropolitan transport routes to ensure the direct connection between the localities in the first ring of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area. 21. The current metropolitan routes do not cover the entire Cluj-Napoca City from east to west and from north to south and do not provide the population with access to the main public facilities (airport, train station, bus terminal, educational establishments, healthcare establishments). This increases the travel times, involves the transfer to at least one other means of transport and makes the public transport services less attractive for the population. 22. Urban and metropolitan public transport is hampered by the overlapping of routes on the national entry-exit thoroughfares in Cluj-Napoca, with a combination of goods, public and private passenger transport. This generates frequent traffic jams, longer travel times, discomfort, low attractiveness for public transport, increased noise, air pollution and risk of accidents. 383 23. The introduction of the metropolitan transport routes is a key factor in coagulating the integrated development of the metropolitan area. The process is in a more advanced stage in Cluj-Napoca City and at an early stage in Dej City. 24. Since there are no available parking spaces for the means of public transport, these have to be parked in Cluj-Napoca City, resulting in additional trips to the corresponding departure stations, which are not cost-effective and mean longer access times in the morning and in the evening. 25. The metropolitan public transport routes only run until 11 p.m., which means people have to travel at night using their own cars or by taxi, resulting in higher travel costs. 7.6. Intermodal transport 1. Cluj County was equipped before 1989 with two intermodal rail-road stations for the transport of goods in containers, in the main industrial centers in the county at the time: Cluj-Napoca (Cluj- Napoca East railway station) and Turda (Turda railway station); these stations are currently equipped with a container handling crane and are operational. The major issues of these intermodal stations is that the infrastructure is old and there is currently no demand for this type of logistics chain at national level, which has led to their constant deterioration. Satellite images show no sign of activity on the station premises and no stored containers waiting to be processed. No intermodal transport stations were built by CFR or other private operators in the other rail stations in Cluj County. Another case of underdeveloped intermodal and multimodal transport infrastructure is the “Avram Iancu” International Airport in Cluj-Napoca. It does not have a cargo terminal connected to the rail infrastructure and a Cluj East beltway to facilitate the direct access of the intermodal means of transport. 2. There are currently no multimodal passenger and goods transport hubs in Cluj County, giving rise to a great deal of interconnectivity problems and disadvantages in using the current forms of transport, especially in Cluj-Napoca City, where there is no direct connection between the infrastructure corresponding to the land (road and rail) and air transport. 384 8. DYSFUNCTIONS AND INTERVENTION PRIORITIES. PROPOSALS TO ELIMINATE/MITIGATE DYSFUNCTIONS Identified dysfunctions Proposals to eliminate/mitigate dysfunctions • Road transport infrastructure • The lack or stagnation of programs and projects • Proactive planning of the investment priorities for building new connection roads between the in the county and regional road infrastructure. main thoroughfares, ring roads for the urban centers with heavy transit or daily traffic. Undersized road network. • Poor connectivity and accessibility in the • Completion of the A3 motorway section and of territory, manifested by the lack of access points the expressways proposed by the GTMP, to the motorway between Turda and Gilău, the implementation of the projects for the poor and very poor quality of some county roads connection of county roads to the A3 motorway, (existence of dirt sections), which blocks or building of the connection roads to the hinders the accessibility across the entire road expressways and the motorway. and causes a low connectivity between localities and to other points of interest. • Excessive stress on the road infrastructure • Completion of projects regarding the building caused by the very large number of vehicles on and planning of alternative and bypassing roads national roads, including inside urban built-up for the heavy traffic, so as to prevent it from areas, which leads to permanent urban and crossing Cluj-Napoca City and the localities in periurban traffic jams and congestions, with a the first ring of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan lot of related effects (delays, pollution, stress, Area, Turda, Câmpia Turzii, Dej, Gilău, accidents, rapid degradation of the road IzvoruCrișului and Huedin. superstructure, etc.). • Poor quality of the road structures and • Development of projects for the modernization complementary infrastructure on the public of the complementary transport infrastructure county roads (bridges, culverts, junctions, level and the staged planning of the rehabilitation crossings, road signs, etc.). and modernization works, also taking into account the local communities’ opinions and by collaborating with the civil society whenever necessary and appropriate. • Low availability of services related to the road • Preparing a program for the planning of county network (parking, stopping and standing places, public roads with facilities and services based on gas stations, charging stations). the needsidentified with the help of road users and the business community. • Low traffic safety due to: a. roads that do not • Proposals to replace the crosswalks with have the capacity to support the increased pedestrian bridges equipped with elevators for volume of traffic (mainly single-lane roads, lack easing the traffic flow, especially on the national of pre-selection lanes for access to other roads, roads crossing the urban built-up areas, to ease lack of planned intersections and crosswalks the traffic flow and reduce the number of and/or pedestrian passages), b. low availability accidents. of traffic support elements (road barriers, • Proposals for enhanced traffic control, by longitudinal markings for separating the planning crosswalks with traffic lights and directions of travel, vertical road signs, limiting the speed on the national road sections milestones, roundabouts, planned level crossing the urban built-up areas, to reduce the crossings) and speed of traffic (including illegal number of accidents. overtakes, and c. exceeding the speed limit in • Proposal to start an education campaign on localities, complemented by the lack of road traffic safety in Cluj County. 385 crosswalks with traffic lights or pedestrian bridges on road segments with heavy traffic). • Lack of associative initiatives and public-private • Implementation by the county and local partnerships for the building and rehabilitation administrations of initiatives to identify of road segments potential investors interested in the development of the road infrastructure. This measure would involve the identification and mapping of value-chains for the existing or potential business opportunities / economies, with a regional and national impact, and would involve stakeholders (government and private sector). • Creating the partnership framework for joint activities dedicated to the development of the main and complementary road infrastructure. • Lack of a signaling and information system • Development of an online signaling project concerning the restricted access of vehicles on (smartphone apps/Google Maps, moovit) certain road segments. regarding the accessibility and connectivity of the county roads and the possibility of accessing the county roads both for tourist and other purposes in accordance with their real-time characteristics – traffic limitations, connectivity limitations, vehicle size limitations, risks of disasters or skidding and accidents due to the road conditions (possible tool to be used: Waze). • Rail transport infrastructure • Low degree of rehabilitation, modernization and • Increasing the rail transport quality and electrification of the county railways. sustainability by the implementation of the rehabilitation, modernization and electrification projects for the Cluj-Napoca – Huedin section – with extension to Episcopia Bihor. • Vulnerability to natural hazards (Câmpia Turzii - • Encouraging investments in the consolidation of Apahida railway section affected by landslides the railway sections vulnerable to natural and floods). Total length of railways affected by hazards and projects for the sustainable natural hazards: 7,773 m. rehabilitation of the railway sections affected by natural hazards. • Minimum equipment quality – switches and • Increasing the quality of services and equipment crossings, rolling stock and stations/halts. Over through partnerships between the local/county 66% of halts are in a very poor condition and administrations and SN CFR for the both main hubs in Cluj County, Dej Călători and modernization of the rail transport Apahida, are still in an advanced state of infrastructure. degradation and require major repairs. • High risk of accidents at the intersection of the • Increasing the road and rail public transport rail network with lower technical class or safety and decreasing the risk of accidents by unclassified roads, where there are no barrier partnerships for the modernization of level warning systems installed for stopping the road crossings. vehicles. • Low degree of favorability/preference by • Preparing a program for the railway support and passengers.The rail infrastructure and rail development and purchase of the equipment to transport are mainly used for traveling over long ensure the high-speed rail commuter transport at local and metropolitan level, based on an 386 distances, outside the county and for extra- analysis of the rail public transport use pattern urban short-distance traveling. and the feedback provided by the users of this public transport service. • Increasing the attractiveness of the rail transport on the Cluj-Napoca – Oradea route by rehabilitating, modernizing and electrifying the railway on this segment and supporting measures to increase the quality of the rail public transport services. • Unexploited railway sections, temporarily or • Alternative use of decommissioned railway permanently decommissioned. routes for tourist purposes. The appropriateness of such an initiative can be decided following consultations with local communities, tourists and travel agenciesoperating at local and regional level. • Preparing programs for the conversion/rehabilitation/planning of narrow- gauge railways for tourist purposes – e.g. the 309 Turda – Câmpeni – Abrud railway - “Mocăniță” tourist steam trains, like the ones operating in Vaser Valley, Maramureș County. • Low reliability of rail transport and low degree • Increasing the sustainability and attractiveness of complementarity with the road transport in of the daily rail commuter transport by the the county rehabilitation and modernization of the railways in order to eliminate the speed restrictions. • Development of the short-distance, high-speed inter-county/metropolitan rail network in order to encourage the commuter rail transport • Rail goods transport and degree of • Preparing a program to support and integrate integration/relation with the other types of the rail transport into the intermodal transport transport and specific infrastructures. through partnerships for building the transfer hubs and platforms. • Lack of partnership investments for the • Preparing a program to support and encourage integrated development of the rail network and partnerships for the development of the main the rail passenger and goods transport. and complementary infrastructure and the provision of rail transport services • Air transport infrastructure • Limited functionality of the airport • Expansion of the passenger and cargo terminals infrastructure and low capacity to support the to cover the traffic that will double in the long ever increasing traffic. There is a clear trend of run, taking into account the costs of land rapid increase of passenger and goods traffic, acquisition and relocation of the actors which requires more aircraft movements and involved, the availability of land and the specific larger spaces for passenger and goods expansion options, with greater attention processing. towards minimizing the social costs and risks, especially regarding the vulnerable (disadvantaged) social groups. 387 • The airport has no direct connection with the • Integrating the airport into the intermodal rail infrastructure and the motorway, which transport by connecting it with the main (Cluj- limits the direct access of passengers and goods Napoca) and secondary (Cluj-Napoca East) rail coming to the airport by rail and by road and stations, as well as with the Cluj East beltway causes long travel and city crossing times; and the motorway, based on a preference, particularities, needs and behavior analysis and the feedback provided by the passengers using the airport services. • The current length of the main runway (2,190 m • Diversion of the Someș river and runway physical length and 2,040 m operational length) extension to 3,500 m. limits the operation of medium-haul aircrafts • Building of an additional taxiway, parallel to the and the introduction of new routes; existing runway, to increase the aircraft movement capacity. • The development and extension of the airport • Forecasting the relocation in the long run of the area and, implicitly, the takeoff and landing air passenger and goods transport operations are conditioned, at present and in infrastructure and estimating the economic and the future, by a series of natural and anthropic social costs related to the purchase of new obstacles located in the approach area and the parcels of land and the relocation of the actors low availability of land for the runway extension involved. and the development of other airport infrastructures. • Other negative aspects related to the location of • Forecasting the relocation in the long run of the the airport in the built-up areas of Cluj-Napoca air passenger and goods transport City and the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area can infrastructure and estimating the economic and be noticed, such as: increased noise and physical social costs related to the purchase of new pollution, agglomeration, as a result of parcels of land and the relocation of the actors increased air traffic, the future extension of the involved. airport and of the runway. • The lack of an airport development master plan • Preparing a strategic program for the airport correlated with the strategic plans for the and air transport development in accordance development of the rail and road transport, with the limits and conditions of interoperability bringing about inadequate synergistic planning with the other modes of transport in Cluj- of the entire airport complex and low flexibility Napoca City and the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan in the implementation of future investment Area. projects. • County public transport • The public transport services are not equally • Analyzing the profitability of public transport in distributed, with peripheral areas (covered by the county, identifying viable and non-viable transport services from a single urban center) routes in terms of schedule, frequency, and areas with high availability of such services. preference and particularities of the user groups and proposing solutions to increase the coverage of the county’s territory with public transport services • The northern and north-peripheral, the • Facilitating the access of the population from southern and south-peripheral and the west- the peripheral areas to the county seat by peripheral areas are not covered by the public ensuring the necessary infrastructure for the transport services departing from Cluj-Napoca connection of the modes of transport and City. Access to and from these areas to the adapting the road and rail public transport county seat is thus more complicated and they schedule to the consumer needs. 388 can only be reached by indirect and fragmented • The consumer needs will be estimated based on routes, with intermediate stations. a research on the perception of residents in these peripheral areas. • Lack of a study concerning the efficiency and • Analyzing the profitability of public transport in profitability of the public transport routes. the county, identifying viable and non-viable routes and proposing solutions to increase the coverage of the county’s territory with public transport services • Lack of environmentally-friendly transport • Preparing a program for the building and alternatives in the peripheral rural areas. planning of bicycle lanes in the county in order to encourage the safe, environmentally-friendly transport and to allow the cyclists to use the national and county roads. • Urban and metropolitan public transport • The development of the environmentally- • Preparing a program to encourage the friendly and alternative urban public transport is implementation of the environmentally-friendly at an early stage in Turda City and Dej City and urban transport policy by providing good in a more advanced stage in Cluj-Napoca City. practice models and support in developing greening projects for the urban and periurban transport in Dej City and Turda City. • Promoting the trolleybus transport by developing the infrastructure to support this type of transport in favorable urban and periurban areas. E.g. Turda – Câmpia Turzii, Gherla. • Encouraging the bicycle transport in Turda City, Câmpia Turzii City, Dej City and Gherla City and in the periurban areas and preparing specific infrastructure development programs. • There is no unitary network of bicycle lanes in • Extension and/or planning of bicycle lanes in Cluj-Napoca City and the Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca City and in the localities included in Metropolitan Area, only sequentially, which at least the first ring of the Cluj-Napoca causes discomfort and makes this type of Metropolitan Area in order to encourage the transport less safe and less attractive for the safe, environmentally-friendly transport and to population. allow the cyclists to use the national and county roads. • The urban public transport network is • Expansion of the trolleybus network to cover undersized as far as the trolleybus lines are the residential areas and reduce the use of concerned, since it does not cover conventional and electric buses in order to neighborhoods such as Grigorescu, Baciu, increase the profitability and reduce pollution. Zorilor, Bulgaria and Dâmbu Rotund. The result is the overuse of the bus transport, with higher levels of pollution in these areas. • Multimodal transport mini-hubs can be • Preparing a multimodal and intermodal identified in Cluj-Napoca, but without the transport development program in Cluj-Napoca specific amenities and facilities (e.g. PiațaGării, City and the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area where the rail transport intersects with the road urban and interurban transport; airport area, where the air transport intersects with the road urban and interurban transport). • The main passenger flows also changed in the • Building and arranging a new tramway track last decade as a result of the change of location structure between Jucu and Căpușu, in stages: 389 for the main residential and industrial areas in stage 1 Airport – Florești, stage 2. Florești – Cluj-Napoca City and the Cluj-Napoca Gilău; airport – Apahida; stage 3. Gilău – Căpuș - Metropolitan Area. Thus, the greatest flow is Apahida – Jucu. currently registered from east to west, resulting in the under-utilization of the current tram line from northeast to southwest and the overuse of the other means of transport from east to west. • The metropolitan transport does not yet cover • Introduction of metropolitan transport routes the entire metropolitan area, according to the to increase the functionality of the Cluj-Napoca configuration of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Metropolitan Area. Area, this extending up to the localities in the • Preparing a plan for the introduction of new second ring. No metropolitan transport routes public transport routes to cover the passenger to ensure the direct connection between the needs. localities in the first ring of the Cluj-Napoca • Developing a project to provide the required Metropolitan Area equipment and means of transport on these additional routes. • The current metropolitan routes do not cover • Preparing a plan for the introduction of new the entire Cluj-Napoca City from east to west public transport routes to cover the passenger and from north to south and do not provide the needs. population with access to the main public • Developing a project to provide the required facilities (airport, train station, bus terminal, equipment and means of transport on these educational establishments, healthcare additional routes. establishments). This increases the travel times, • Increasing the degree of connectivity at involves the transfer to at least one other means metropolitan level by extending the public of transport and makes the public transport transport night schedule on routes that connect services less attractive for the population. the main points of interest (train station, Moreover, the metropolitan transport routes airport). only run until 11 p.m., which means people have to travel at night using their own cars or by taxi, resulting in higher travel costs. • Urban and metropolitan public transport is • Completion of projects regarding the building hampered by the overlapping of routes on the and planning of alternative and bypassing roads national entry-exit thoroughfares in Cluj- for the heavy traffic, so as to prevent it from Napoca, with a combination of goods, public crossing Cluj-Napoca City and the localities in and private passenger transport. This generates the first ring of the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan frequent traffic jams, longer travel times, Area. discomfort, low attractiveness for public • Easing the traffic flow and reducing the travel transport, increased noise, air pollution and risk times by extending the special bus transport of accidents. lanes where technically possible. • Since there are no available parking spaces for • Partnership agreements for the planning of the means of public transport, these have to be secondary RATC parking lots in the metropolitan parked in Cluj-Napoca City, resulting in localities served by CTP Cluj-Napoca, for parking additional trips to the corresponding departure the means of transport in the morning and in the stations, which are not cost-effective and mean evening. longer access times in the morning and in the evening. • Intermodal transport infrastructure • Lack of multimodal passenger and goods • Engaging the stakeholders (parties directly and transport hubs at county level, causing indirectly involved/affected) in the interconnectivity problems and disadvantages development of the multimodal transport in using the current forms of transport, infrastructure at county level by creating public- 390 especially in Cluj-Napoca City, where there is no private partnership programs, even as pilot direct connection between the infrastructure programs. corresponding to the land (road and rail) and air • Development of a modern intermodal transport transport. station in Cluj County; TETAROM III Industrial Park in Jucu seems to be the most suitable place for this purpose. • Although operational at limited level, there is no • Development of the intermodal transport significant activity at the two intermodal system in parallel with the modernization of the transport stations belonging to CFR in Cluj- rail infrastructure in the county, in order to Napoca and Turda. shorten the travel time and increase the energy efficiency. 391 9. DEVELOPMENT PROGNOSIS, SCENARIOS OR ALTERNATIVES In these conditions, the following scenarios for the development of the road, rail and air transport infrastructure in Cluj County are proposed for the following decade: The “Zero Development” (“Do Nothing”) scenario – assumes that the current trends will continue, in the absence of strategic interventions to support the integrated development of the road, rail and air transport infrastructure and implicitly the territorial development. In that respect, the following conclusions can be drawn: • the road traffic congestion will become ever more severe in urban centers and in some rural localities of transit and intersection of the main thoroughfares - DN 1, DN 1C, DN 1N, DN 15 national roads (Cluj-Napoca, Turda, Dej and Huedin, as well as Apahida, Sânnicoară, Gilău, Baciu, Feleacu), while the suburbanization phenomenon will continue to occur around Cluj-Napoca City, in the metropolitan area, and the transit passenger and goods transport will continue to be carried out on the same routes, there will still be a low degree of connectivity and accessibility at county level since the modernization of the county roads has not been completed and there are still median dirt sections. As a result, even at a preliminary stage, in the absence of evaluations on the labor market and the business environment, the rural areas of Cluj County will not attract economic investments in other sectors besides agriculture, which would create new jobs and contribute to the economic development of the communities farther from the urban centers, enhancing the rural-urban differences and the periphery effect. • the rail transport will not be able to relieve the road passenger and goods traffic congestion neither at metropolitan nor at regional level. Meanwhile, the train travel speed will continue to decrease due to the lack of investments in the replacement of equipment and facilities (tracks, wagons). Furthermore, the attractiveness of the rail transport as compared to the road transport for commuting purposes at county level or for traveling at regional and national level will continue its tendency to diminish due to the low degree of comfort and, hence, satisfaction of the passengers. • the air transport will continue to register a minimum increase or stagnate from the point of view of passenger traffic in the absence of investments to increase the traffic capacity inside the terminal for both passengers and aircrafts. In the absence of correlated proposals/implementation of the investment projects for the Avram Iancu International Airport with the implementation of the project for the diversion of the Someșu Mic River for the extension of the existing runway. • • the infrastructure will continue to have a centripetal configuration in the absence of new inter- county and intra-regional road and rail transit routes, generating unequal territorial development in the county and maintaining the focus on the three main convergence nodes (Cluj-Napoca, Turda, Dej) and the secondary road node (Huedin City). The Reference (“Do Minimum”) scenario – only takes into account the completion of projects already started at county/regional level, for which concrete plans have been outlined and funding sources have been allocated/identified. The actions included in this type of scenario reflect the complexity of addressing the development of the transport infrastructure, in relation to the general purpose of protecting the environment and enhancing the economic relations with the adjacent or remote territories, with particular 392 attention to the road and air transport infrastructure, but also to the rail transport, and with an emphasis on the integrative approach of connecting the county road network to the regional and zonal network (connecting with regional growth poles and with the national and European road and rail transport corridors), developing the air passenger and goods transport and increasing the reliability and attractiveness of the rail passenger and goods transport. The ultimate goal is to increase the county's connectivity with neighboring counties, part of the North-West Development Region, to increase the accessibility at intra- and inter-county level and to the rural areas in the eastern and northwestern part of the county, to enhance the territorial mobility, ease the traffic flow, increase the traffic speed, quality and safety. In that respect, the following conclusions can be drawn: • Completion of the projects for the modernization of the county road sections, part of the strategic project to improve the road infrastructure of regional importance, the Northern Transylvania regional route started by the North-West RDA, which includes the North Road, Satu Mare Road, Apuseni Road and Bistriței Road. Cluj County is a beneficiary of this project along with the other 5 counties of the North-West Development Region (Bihor, Bistrița-Năsăud, Maramureș, Satu Mare and Sălaj). The period for the rehabilitation and modernization of the Bistriței Road and the Apuseni Road corresponds to the financial year 2014-2020 and the funding is covered through the Regional Operational Program, Priority Axis 6. The main goal of this strategic project is to increase the accessibility of the rural areas in the eastern, northwestern and mountainous areas of Cluj County and to build access routes to the TEN-T (road, rail and air) transport network. Implicit objectives: shorter travel times due to the improvement of the asphalt coating quality, increased traffic safety following the modernization of the vertical and horizontal road signs; increased ride comfort by arranging the required spaces for drivers to pull over and park their vehicles (car parks, panoramic view points); higher quality of trade in agricultural products and greater economic opportunities for non- agricultural sectors as the territorial connectivity at county and regional level increases by creating connection and access routes to the national roads, the A3 and A10 motorways and the Northern Transylvania regional route; easing the heavy transport flow in urban centers by developing alternatives for the transit through the county territory to the neighboring areas. • Completion of the projects for the modernization of the county roads from own funds, which are not integrated in the regional strategic projects, but will contribute to the connection with the Northern Transylvania regional route and with the national roads in Cluj County. • Completion of the maintenance, rehabilitation and modernization of the rail network in Cluj County, funded from the CN CFR S.A. own sources, allocated to the CFR Cluj Regional Branch, with an emphasis on the following aspects: increased traffic safety by the modernization of level crossings (6 points); increased passenger comfort in the train stations by the rehabilitation of buildings (including thermal rehabilitation) – Dej and Gherla stations; increased travel speed on railway lines by the rehabilitation and modernization of the lines (Florilor - Boju) and of the bridges, culverts and tunnels. Completion of the design and execution works funded from the state budget and non-reimbursable EU funds (ERDF and LIOP) for the achievement of the rail network development objectives in Cluj County, in line with the objectives proposed by the Romanian General Transport Master Plan (GTMP), which include the following works: modernization of level crossings (8), rehabilitation and electrification of the Cluj-Napoca – Oradea – Episcopia Bihorrailway line and repairs of railway line 416 rail track I Dej-Triaj-Beclean pe Someș, 393 rehabilitation of bridges (3), culverts (3) and tunnels (1) and modernization of the Dej Călători railway station. Implicit objectives: increasing the average travel speed and fewer delays following the railway modernization and electrification and the rehabilitation of bridges and culverts according to the applicable international standards; increased rail traffic safety by the modernization of level crossings with county and communal roads; increased passenger comfort and social inclusion of passengers from vulnerable groups by arranging waiting areas (train stations, halts); improved quality of rail transport services by increasing the attractiveness of rail transport as an alternative to road passenger and goods transport; • Completion of ongoing projects and projects currently in development that are on the airport and county administrations’ list of priorities regarding the development of the airport infrastructure in the period 2017-2030 - Avram Iancu International Airport in Cluj-Napoca, which include the following investment objectives: building of a new taxiway parallel to the runway; expansion of the parking platform for the passenger terminal and building of a new cargo terminal at the airport; building of a fire station; extension of the takeoff/landing runway up to 3,500 m and, implicitly, diversion of the Someșu Mic river; building of a cargo platform; building of a cargo taxiway and facilities for the airport administrative building; preparing and implementing the first measures to reduce pollution according to the zero carbon emission program 2050, which the airport has undertaken to adopt in June 2019. Implicit objectives: increasing the movement capacity of large aircrafts by the extension of the takeoff/landing runway; increasing the passenger management capacity during rush hours, increasing the goods traffic capacity and contributing to the development of the Cluj-Napoca multimodal node. General objectives of this scenario: The measures and actions taken will ensure the minimum-medium mobility and connectivity level in the county. This scenario will open the way to a balanced territorial development in the county and will allow Cluj County to maintain its position at national level as regards the safety and security on all modes of transport and the low environmental impact of transport. In the medium and long run, the actions already initiated at county level will lead to the reduction of the costs generated by the road and rail accidents and incidents and to the achievement of the goals set up in the international conventions and agreements related to the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN) and the technical standards for interoperability (TSI). The Development (“Do Something”) scenario – it is the chosen scenario, which takes into account not only the completion of the ongoing public investment projects for the development of the transport infrastructure at county and regional level, but also of the intervention measures to ensure the development based on the principles of economic efficiency, integration and connection to the TEN-T Trans-European network, economic and environmental sustainability. The measures related to this scenario are complex and include all modes of transport already at a certain development level, to create a multimodal and intermodal transport system with the purpose of increasing the level of connectivity and accessibility in the county, easing the passenger and goods traffic flow in the urban, periurban, Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area and rural areas. The achievement of the goals set up in the short and medium run will open the way to a balanced economic development in the county and the mitigation of the hyperconcentration and/or periphery phenomenon in the territory. 394 Intervention priority Proposed Actions Intervention priorities for the road, regional, interurban, metropolitan and urban transport Increasing the mobility in Completion of the building and planning works for the TRANSREGIO FELEAC TR 35 urban centers using an metropolitan ring road, which will connect the A3 motorway (Gilău) and DN 1F inclusive approach (Baciu) Design and execution of the urban motorway – Cluj-Napoca City Extension of special lanes for public passenger transport (either with time limit or temporarily reversible) Increasing the mobility in the Easing the traffic flow and reducing the travel times by extending the special bus metropolitan area transport lanes where technically possible. In order to eliminate the useless travel times for the means of public transport, in the morning and in the evening, partnership agreements should be concluded for the planning of secondary RATC parking lots in the served metropolitan localities. Increasing the degree of connectivity at metropolitan level by extending the public transport night schedule on routes that connect the main points of interest (train station, airport) Easing the heavy traffic flow in Redirecting the transiting passenger and goods traffic on other routes urban centers and connection Completion of the ring roads for all the urban centers in the county. to the national roads and motorways Increasing the road and rail Completion of projects for the modernization of railways and complementary traffic safety and quality equipment Modernization of level crossings through partnerships between the county/local administrations and the public and railway transport companies managing the infrastructure sections. Improving the living Measures for the quantitative and qualitative limitation of traffic on the national conditions for the inhabitants and county roads crossing the localities. of the localities crossed by Measures for the planning of road segments crossing the urban built-up areas in high-traffic roads, of national order to increase pedestrian safety. and regional importance Development and implementation of an information/education campaign in order to increase the road users’ safety. Intervention priorities for the rail transport Increasing the attractiveness Rehabilitation, modernization and electrification of the railway sections of county of the rail transport as an and regional importance alternative to the road Increasing the comfort and quality of services by providing additional facilities and transport in the Cluj-Napoca rehabilitating the stations and the existing facilities. Metropolitan Area Introduction of new routes based on the local market needs. Increasing the importance of Rehabilitation and modernization of the Cluj-Napoca East and Turda intermodal the rail goods transport and platforms establishing this type of Rehabilitation and commissioning of the Câmpia Turzii – Turda railway. transport as a viable alternative to road transport Implementation of a development program for the infrastructure connecting the rail network with the road and air transport network. 395 Intervention priorities for the air transport Maintenance and sustainable Preparing a program with step-by-step measures to meet the connectivity development of air traffic standards in line with the GTMP vision towards 2025, in collaboration with the local authorities or the other national infrastructure managers. The mandatory connectivity standards to be met by the Avram Iancu International Airport in Cluj- Napoca, classified as International Airport, are: direct road connection, railway connection (trains every 30 minutes during rush hours), public transport service by bus, public transport service by train (train/bus stations shall be within a 15-minute walking distance from the departure terminal), taxi services (with separated flows from the rest of the traffic) and available long-term parking service). Intervention priorities for the intermodal transport Integration into the Implementation of projects for the rehabilitation and modernization of the Cluj- sustainable development Napoca East and Turda intermodal platforms policy by promoting and Development of the infrastructure for connecting the modes of transport in the developing intermodal county so as to ensure the interoperability of all types of transport transport to lower energy consumption and carbon emissions. General/summary intervention priorities for all types of transport Reduction of carbon emissions and noise pollution by implementing an infrastructure development program and purchasing environmentally-friendly transport equipment (electric, bicycle and pedestrian), as a priority in the urban centers of the county Identification, evaluation and management of social risks and impacts (for example, purchase of land and relocation) and taking differentiated measures so that adverse impact does not disproportionately affect the disadvantaged or vulnerable groups. Providing the conditions for the implementation of programs and projects for the development and planning of road, rail, air and multimodal infrastructure Prioritization of investments financed from own and EU funds in accordance with the principles of economic efficiency, connection to/integration into the TEN-T European network and reduction of territorial disparities Development of programs in public-private partnership to invest in the modernization or building of transport facilities General/summary intervention priorities for regional development, proposed in the North-West Region Development Strategy, aimed at increasing accessibility by improving the transport infrastructure These priorities are in line with the above-mentioned regional development priorities, as they will provide a basis for the county development. Once the county’s road and public utility infrastructure problems are solved, the area will become more economically competitive andmore attractive for tourists. The proposals regarding the modernization of the road infrastructure are aimed at easing the road traffic flow and increasing the road users’ safety and confort. ►Eliminating the transit traffic from the center of the localities by building rings roads would relieve the traffic congestion in the affected localities and would improve the road connections between the different localities/clusters of the administrative territory. ►Furthermore, setting up/creating parking spaces in the crowded areas would be a solution to ease the traffic flow in the localities. ►“Park & Ride” projects could be successfully implemented for commuters and tourists. Thus, those who will leave their cars in such a parking lot can continue their journey, free of charge, using the means of public transport. 396 ►The performance of accessory workssuch asmarking/remarking/installation of additionalmilestones and hectometer stoneson the existing roads, especially on communal roads (where such elements are missing), and thecorrelation of the existingcadastral built-up area with the position of the indicator panelsinstalled at the locality entry/exit point would facilitate the identification of the onsite development objectives and proposals. ►Travel to work and connections in the territory will be facilitated by reconsidering, developing and modernizing the street network and by developing the main road traffic nodes. ►Additional lanes at all the intersections outside localities will be envisaged for left turns; furthermore,the legal status of service roadsthat intersect with the existing county and communal roads must be regulated. ►The number of cars traveling inside and between localities can be reduced by identifying routes for bicycle lanes and racks, preferably parallel to the road center line. Cycling is on an upward trend throughout Europe. ►The authorities can support both citizens and tourists by implementing “bike-sharing” projectstorelieve the traffic congestion andavoid agglomerationin the means of public transport. Bike sharinghas beneficial effects on the cyclists’ health and helps to reduce noise and air pollution in the localities. ►Rehabilitation and extension of the sidewalk and pedestrian walkway network in the localities, to ensure safe and comfortable pedestrian traffic, as well as to encourage and facilitate walking. The social, cultural, administrative buildings and the storeswill have access ramps forpeople with locomotor disabilities. ►For roads with a 3.50m - 4.0m carriageway and traffic in both directions, alternating crossing platforms must be installed on both sides of the road, at a distance of approx. 250 m – 300 m from one another. Additionally, in localities where the street network does not allow the widening of the carriageway, the existing ditches can be covered withpaving slabs. ►Moreover, thepresence of animal-drawn and agricultural vehicleson the public roadsin the countyleads to a slow and unsafe traffic;thus, agricultural road networks are needed totake over such vehicle traffic. 397 10. ANNEXES A detailed territorial situation of road infrastructure (surface type and condition) is available in Annexes 1- 12. 398 ANNEX 1. TYPE OF ROAD SURFACE FOR THE NATIONAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Type of road surface Road with works in Cement concrete Cobblestone Measured Overall Road Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Gravel Dirt No. progress surface pavement length length name section name Length Length Length Length Length Length Length (km) (km) Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - 0+000 - 1 A3 61.200 DN 1F (Nădășelu) 61+200 Total 0.000 61.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 61.200 61.200 Alba County border - A3 62+410 - 2 A10 7.590 (Turda) 70+000 Total 0.000 7.590 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.590 7.590 Alba County border 433+000 - 11.700 (Dumbrava) - Turda 444+700 Turda built-up area border (south) - Turda 444+700 - 4.900 built-up area border 449+600 (north) 3 Turda built-up area border (north) - 449+600 - 27.800 intersection with DN 1C 477+400 (Cluj-Napoca) Intersection with DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) - 477+400 - 15.300 intersection with DJ 492+700 107P (Gilău) DN 1 492+700 - 19.200 511+900 Intersection with DJ 107P (Gilău) - 511+900 - 1.500 Intersection with DN 1R 513+400 (Huedin) 513+400 - 13.500 526+900 Intersection with DN 1R 526+900 - (Huedin) - Intersection 12.200 539+100 with DJ 103H (Bologa) Intersection with DJ 539+100 - 103H (Bologa) - Bihor 24.900 564+000 County border Total 0.000 131.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 131.000 131.000 399 Type of road surface Road with works in Cement concrete Cobblestone Measured Overall Road Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Gravel Dirt No. progress surface pavement length length name section name Length Length Length Length Length Length Length (km) (km) Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - Intersection with DN 1 8.800 8+800 (Cluj-Napoca) - Intersection with DN 16 8+800 - (Apahida) 4.500 13+300 Intersection with DN 16 13+300 - 2.820 - VOCE roundabout 16+120 16+120 - Overlap with VOCE 0.060 16+180 VOCE roundabout - VGH 16+180 - 26.840 roundabout (Gherla) 43+020 43+020 - Overlap with DJ 172F 2.420 45+440 Overlap with DJ 172F + 45+440 - 0.300 DJ 109C 45+740 4 DN 1C 45+740 - Overlap with DJ 109C 3.850 49+590 Intersection with VGH - intersection with DJ 49+590 - 7.570 161D 57+160 Intersection with DJ 161D - intersection with 57+160 - 2.060 DJ 161C 59+220 Intersection with DJ 161C - intersection with 59+220 - 2.310 DN 17 61+530 Intersection with DN 17 - intersection with DN 61+530 - 5.430 18B 66+960 Intersection with DN 17 (Dej) - Sălaj County 66+960 - 9.900 border 76+860 Total 0.000 76.860 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 76.860 76.860 DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) - 0+000 - 5 DN 1F 36.140 Sălaj County border 36+140 Total 0.000 36.140 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 36.140 36.140 400 Type of road surface Road with works in Cement concrete Cobblestone Measured Overall Road Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Gravel Dirt No. progress surface pavement length length name section name Length Length Length Length Length Length Length (km) (km) Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) DN 1 (Huedin) - Sălaj 0+000 - 6 DN 1G 3.850 County border 3+850 Total 0.000 0.000 3.850 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.850 3.850 DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) - 0+000 - 7 DN 1J 15.035 DN 1F (Nădășelu) 15+035 Total 0.000 15.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 15.035 15.035 0+000 - 1.650 1+650 Intersection with DN 1 1+650 - (Huedin) - Intersection 0.500 2+150 with DJ 108C 2+150 - 6.300 8+450 8+450 - Overlap with DJ 108C 0.900 9+350 9+350 - 1.950 11+300 11+300 - 2.600 13+900 13+900 - 8 DN 1R 11.700 Intersection with DJ 25+600 108C - Intersection with DJ 107P 25+600 - 3.900 29+500 29+500 - 2.960 32+460 32+460 - 1.390 33+850 33+850 - 11.300 45+150 Intersection with DJ 45+150 - 107P - Alba County 2.800 47+950 border 47+950 - 10.600 58+550 Total 2.960 11.450 44.140 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 58.550 58.550 401 Type of road surface Road with works in Cement concrete Cobblestone Measured Overall Road Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Gravel Dirt No. progress surface pavement length length name section name Length Length Length Length Length Length Length (km) (km) Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 11.600 11+600 11+600 - 0.600 12+200 DJ 161B (Turda) - Mureș 9 DN 15 County border 12+200 - 0.300 12+500 12+500 - 8.500 21+000 Total 0.300 20.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 21.000 21.000 0+000 - 35.100 35+100 35+100 - 2.100 DN 1C (Apahida) - 37+200 10 DN 16 Mureș County border (Sărmășel Gară) 37+200 - 2.350 39+550 39+550 - 1.050 40+600 Total 0.000 40.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 40.600 40.600 DN 1C limit (Dej) - 0+000 - 11 DN 17 Bistrița-Năsăud County 6.650 6+650 border Total 0.000 6.650 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.650 6.650 64+648 - 15.414 80+062 Maramureș County 12 DN 18B border - DN 1C (Cășeiu) 58+342 - 6.306 64+648 Total 0.000 15.414 6.306 0.000 0.000 0.000 21.720 21.720 Alba County border 135+000 - 137+500 - (Vidolm) - Intersection 2.500 5.950 137+500 143+450 with DJ 107M (Buru) 13 DN 75 143+450 - Overlap with DJ 107M 1.400 144+850 402 Type of road surface Road with works in Cement concrete Cobblestone Measured Overall Road Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Gravel Dirt No. progress surface pavement length length name section name Length Length Length Length Length Length Length (km) (km) Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 144+850 - Intersection with DJ 4.850 149+700 107M (Buru) - intersection with DN 1 149+700 - (Mihai Viteazu) 11.900 161+600 Total 0.000 14.400 0.000 12.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 26.600 26.600 DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) - 0+000 - 14 VTCJ Fagului Street (Cluj- 2.453 2+453 Napoca) Total 0.000 2.453 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.453 2.453 VOCE (DN DN 1 (Vâlcele) - DN 1C 0+000 - 15 23.664 1N) (Apahida) 23+664 Total 0.000 23.664 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 23.664 23.664 Muncii Blvd. (Cluj- 0+000 - 16 VOCNE Napoca) - VOCE (Sub 4.520 4+520 Coastă) Total 0.000 4.520 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.520 4.520 DN 1C (Băița) - DN 1C 0+000 - 17 VGH 5.047 (Bunești) 5+047 Total 0.000 5.047 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.047 5.047 DN 1N (Apahida) - DN 0+000 - 18 VAP 1.225 1C (Apahida) 1+225 Total 0.000 1.225 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.225 1.225 Grand Total 3.260 471.988 54.296 12.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 543.704 543.704 403 ANNEX 2. TYPES OF ROAD SURFACE FOR THE COUNTY ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 13+200 - 12.570 25+770 25+770 - 1.730 27+500 27+500 - 4.780 32+280 32+280 - 0.820 33+100 33+100 - 2.850 35+950 35+950 - 3.930 39+880 39+880 - 1.370 41+250 Alba County border - DN 1 DJ 103G 1 (Cluj-Napoca) 41+250 - 4.100 45+350 45+350 - 3.020 48+370 48+370 - 0.530 48+900 48+900 - 0.700 49+600 49+600 - 17.350 66+950 66+950 - 4.550 71+500 71+500 - 1.950 73+450 Total 0.000 38.470 4.750 0.530 0.000 16.500 0.000 60.250 61.207 404 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 11.850 11+850 DN 1 (Bologa) - DJ 108 C 2 DJ 103H (Scrind-Frăsinet) 11+850 - 7.400 19+250 Total 0.000 7.400 11.850 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 19.250 19.250 DJ 103G - Cheile Turzii 0+000 - 3 DJ 103I 1.200 Chalet 1+200 Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.200 1.400 0+000 - 1.500 1+500 1+500 - 5.000 6+500 6+500 - 0.600 7+100 DN 1R (Sîncraiu) - 7+100 - 4 DJ 103J 2.550 Vlădeasa Chalet 9+650 9+650 - 1.300 10+950 10+950 - 4.100 15+050 15+050 - 5.150 20+200 Total 0.000 6.500 1.300 0.000 0.000 12.400 0.000 20.200 20.200 0+000 - 4.850 4+850 4+850 - 0.700 5+550 DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) - 5 DJ 103K DN 1R (Beliș) 5+550 - 8.600 14+150 14+150 - 14.800 28+950 405 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 28.950 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 28.950 24.310 DJ 108C (Mănăstireni) - 0+000 - 6 DJ 103L 4.900 DJ 103K (Râșca) 4+900 Total 0.000 4.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.900 8.000 DN 1 (Vâlcele) - DJ 103G 0+000 - 7 DJ 103M 8.180 (Aiton) 8+180 Total 0.000 8.180 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.180 8.180 DN 1 (Șaula) - Sălaj 0+000 - 8 DJ 103N 2.800 County border 2+800 Total 0.000 2.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.800 2.800 DN 1 (Feleacu) - DRTV 0+000 - 9 DJ 103T 2.450 (Feleacu) 2+450 Total 0.000 2.450 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.450 2.450 DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) - DJ 0+000 - 10 DJ 103U 2.200 107R (Cluj-Napoca) 2+200 Total 0.000 2.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.200 3.000 0+000 - 0.500 0+500 0+500 - 3.500 4+000 4+000 - 3.000 7+000 DJ 107P (Someșu Rece) - 7+000 - 11 DJ 103V 2.600 DJ 107L (Vălișoara) 9+600 9+600 - 4.400 14+000 14+000 - 2.300 16+300 16+300 - 2.100 18+400 406 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 18+400 - 0.500 18+900 18+900 - 1.740 20+640 20+640 - 0.100 20+740 Total 0.000 6.700 3.100 0.000 0.000 9.200 1.740 20.740 21.075 0+000 - 1.400 1+400 DN 1 (Florești) - Florești 12 DJ 105L Monastery 1+400 - 2.100 3+500 Total 0.000 1.400 2.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.500 3.500 0+000 - 0.200 0+200 0+200 - 3.200 3+400 3+400 - 0.480 3+880 DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) - 3+880 - 13 DJ 105S 0.770 Boju 4+650 4+650 - 0.350 5+000 5+000 - 3.100 8+100 8+100 - 7.300 15+400 Total 0.000 7.980 3.100 3.970 0.000 0.350 0.000 15.400 15.200 0+000 - 3.700 3+700 DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) - 14 DJ 105T DN 1F (Berindu) 3+700 - 10.900 14+600 407 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 14+600 - 0.200 14+800 14+800 - 4.950 19+750 19+750 - 2.000 21+750 Total 0.000 0.000 12.900 3.700 0.000 0.200 4.950 21.750 21.750 0+000 - 3.810 3+810 Alba County border 15 DJ 107F (9+860) - DN 15 3+810 - 0.700 4+510 Total 0.700 3.810 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.510 4.510 0+000 - 3.740 3+740 3+740 - 0.260 4+000 4+000 - 4.800 8+800 8+800 - 2.150 DJ 107M (Săvădisla) - 10+950 16 DJ 107J Finișel - Valea Ierii - Caps - Cerc 10+950 - 0.300 11+250 11+250 - 3.400 14+650 14+650 - 4.200 18+850 18+850 - 3.300 22+150 Total 0.000 4.200 3.740 0.000 0.000 12.060 2.150 22.150 19.148 DN 1 (Turda) - DJ 107M 0+000 - 17 DJ 107L 0.500 (Lita) 0+500 408 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+500 - 1.350 1+850 1+850 - 12.450 14+300 14+300 - 1.000 15+300 15+300 - 7.600 22+900 22+900 - 2.000 24+900 24+900 - 5.600 30+500 Total 3.000 21.900 5.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.500 30.950 DN 1 (Luna de Sus) - 0+000 - intersection with DJ 21.300 21+300 107R (Filea de Jos) Intersection with DJ 107R (Săcel) - 21+300 - 3.100 intersection with DJ 24+400 107R (Băișoara) 24+400 - Intersection with DJ 8.400 18 DJ 107M 32+800 107R (Băișoara) - Intersection with DN 75 32+800 - (Buru) 5.900 38+700 38+700 - Overlap with DN 75 1.400 40+100 Intersection with DN 75 40+100 - (Buru) - Alba County 3.000 43+100 border Total 24.400 0.000 17.300 1.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 43.100 42.000 DJ 107M (Băișoara) - DJ 0+000 - 19 DJ 107N 14.100 107P (Someșu Rece) 14+100 409 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 14+100 - 14.500 28+600 28+600 - 7.600 32+600 Total 0.000 21.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 14.500 0.000 36.200 36.200 DN 1 (Gilău) - 0+000 - intersection with DJ 3.800 3+800 107N (Someșu Rece) 3+800 - 19.800 23+600 23+600 - 1.000 24+600 Intersection with DJ 107N (Someșu Rece) - 24+600 - 8.500 Intersection with DJ 33+100 107T (Mărișel) 33+100 - 0.800 33+900 20 DJ 107P 33+900 - 1.100 35+000 35+000 - 2.600 37+600 37+600 - 4.600 Intersection with DJ 42+200 107T (Mărișel) - intersection with DN 1R 42+200 - 0.100 (Beliș-Fântânele 42+300 reservoir) 42+300 - 1.960 44+260 Total 23.600 6.560 12.200 1.000 0.000 0.900 0.000 44.260 44.260 DN1 - Sf. Ioan Road 0+000 - (overlap with Bucium 0.500 0+500 Street, Cluj-Napoca) 21 DJ 107R 0+500 - Sf. Ioan Road - 6.900 7+400 intersection with 410 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Primăverii Street - DJ 103U Intersection with DJ 6+900 - 15.100 103U - DJ 107L 22+000 Intersection with DJ 22+000 - 107L - DJ 107R - Overlap 1.800 23+800 with DJ 107L Intersection with DJ 23+800 - 5.700 107R - Filea de Sus 29+500 Filea de Sus - DJ 107M - 29+500 - 1.700 overlap with DJ 107M 31+200 31+200 - DJ 107M - Băișoara 3.100 34+300 44+500 - 7.800 52+300 Băișoara - Muntele 34+300 - 10.200 Băișorii resort 44+500 52+300 - 0.700 53+000 Total 4.900 38.400 8.500 0.000 0.000 1.700 0.000 53.500 58.650 DJ 107N (Gura Râșca) - 0+000 - 22 DJ 107S DJ 107T (Măguri 11.000 11+000 Răcătău) Total 0.000 11.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 11.000 11.000 0+000 - 1.100 1+100 1+100 - 6.450 7+550 DJ 107P (Mărișel) - 7+550 - 23 DJ 107T Măguri Răcătău - Alba 3.640 11+190 County border 11+190 - 2.650 13+840 13+840 - 7.050 20+890 411 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 20+890 - 25.110 46+000 Total 0.000 0.000 3.750 0.000 0.000 42.250 0.000 46.000 46.000 0+000 - 2.000 2+000 DN 1 (Ciucea) - Vânători 2+000 - 24 DJ 108A 1.000 - Sălaj County border 3+000 3+000 - 4.400 7+400 Total 0.000 7.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.400 7.400 Sălaj County border 54+400 - (54+400) - intersection 3.700 58+100 with DJ 109 58+100 - Overlap with DJ 109A 0.300 58+400 25 DJ 108B Intersection with DJ 25+200 - 109A (DealuJurcii) - Dej 28.800 54+000 built-up area border Dej built-up area border 54+000 - - intersection with DN 1.100 55+100 1C (Dej) Total 0.000 33.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 33.900 33.200 DN 1 (Bucea) - Bihor 0+000 - 26 DJ 108I 0.700 County border 0+700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.700 DN 1J (Gârbău) - DJ 763 0+000 - 1.700 (DodaPilii) 1+700 Intersection with DC 1+700 - 27 DJ 108C 140 - intersection with 3.500 5+200 DC 142A Intersection with DC 5+200 - 1.600 142A - Aghireșu 6+800 412 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Intersection with DC 6+800 - 138 - intersection with 0.200 7+000 DC 140A Intersection with DC 7+000 - 140A - intersection with 5.500 12+500 DJ 108N 12+500 - 5.000 Intersection with DJ 17+500 108N - intersection with DN 1 17+500 - 4.700 22+200 22+200 - Overlap with DN 1 0.800 23+000 Intersection with DN 1 - 23+000 - 3.800 DC 115 26+800 Intersection with DC 26+800 - 115 - intersection with 0.800 27+600 DC 116 Intersection with DC 27+600 - 116 - intersection with 4.100 31+700 DC 117 Intersection with DC 31+700 - 117 - Intersection with 8.400 40+100 DN 1R 40+100 - Overlap with DN 1R 0.900 41+000 Intersection with DN 1R - Intersection with the 41+000 - 1.100 Bridal Veil Falls tourist 42+100 route 42+100 - 16.000 58+100 Intersection with the Bridal Veil Falls tourist 58+100 - 9.900 route - DodaPilii 68+000 413 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 68+000 - 6.000 74+000 74+000 - 0.600 74+600 Total 0.000 63.200 11.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 74.600 84.376 0+000 - 1.040 Bihor County border 1+040 28 DJ 108K (26+455) - DJ 764 (Drăgan-Floroiu dam) 1+040 - 2.000 3+040 Total 0.000 0.000 3.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.040 3.040 DJ 108C (Aghireșu) - 0+000 - 29 DJ 108N 2.700 Sălaj County border 2+700 Total 2.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.700 2.800 DN 1C (Răscruci) - Sălaj 0+000 - 30 DJ 109 32.670 County border 32+670 Total 32.670 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 32.670 32.670 DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca - 0+000 - Giordano Bruno Street) 5.700 5+700 - Valea Chintăului bridge Valea Chintăului bridge - 5+700 - 7+000 - Cluj-Napoca 1.300 2.500 7+000 9+500 administrative border Cluj-Napoca administrative border - 9+500 - 31 DJ 109A Intersection with DJ 109 17.600 27+100 (Vultureni) - 9+500 - 27+100 Intersection with DJ 109 (Vultureni) - 27+100 - 10.800 intersection with DJ 161 37+900 (Panticeu) 37+900 - Intersection with DJ 161 10.400 48+300 (Panticeu) - intersection 414 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) with DJ 108B (DealuJurcii) 48+300 - Overlap with DJ 108B 0.300 48+600 Intersection with DJ 48+600 - 108B - Ciubanca built-up 7.600 56+200 area border Ciubanca built-up area 56+200 - border - Sălaj County 1.100 57+300 border Total 21.200 24.900 7.600 2.500 0.000 1.100 0.000 57.300 57.300 0+000 - 19.300 19+300 DN 1C (Fundătura) - DJ 32 DJ 109B 108B (Oșorhel) 19+300 - 10.700 30+000 Total 0.000 19.300 10.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.000 30.000 0+000 - 4.100 4+100 DN 1C (Bunești) - DN 16 4+100 - 33 DJ 109C 1.490 (Cămărașu) 5+590 5+590 - 38.300 43+890 Total 0.000 43.890 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 43.890 39.200 0+000 - 10.300 10+300 10+300 - 3.070 13+370 DJ 109C (Gherla) - DN 34 DJ 109D 1C (Juc-Herghelie) 13+370 - 1.730 15+100 15+100 - 8.400 23+500 415 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 23+500 - 1.850 25+350 25+350 - 1.450 26+800 26+800 - 1.700 28+500 28+500 - 5.350 33+850 Total 0.000 33.850 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 33.850 34.120 0+000 - 0.450 0+450 0+450 - 1.300 1+750 DJ 108B (Dej) - Sălaj 35 DJ 109E County border 1+750 - 12.750 14+500 14+500 - 2.500 17+000 Total 0.000 15.250 0.450 1.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.000 17.000 0+000 - 1.620 1+620 1+620 - 10.900 12+520 DJ 109A (Vechea) - DJ 36 DJ 109S 109 (Borșa) 12+520 - 1.100 13+620 13+620 - 0.700 14+320 Total 0.000 0.000 3.420 0.000 0.000 10.900 0.000 14.320 14.320 0+000 - 1.850 1+850 DJ 109D (Nicula) - Nicula 37 DJ 109T Monastery 1+850 - 1.010 2+860 416 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 1.850 1.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.860 2.860 0+000 - 6.600 6+600 6+600 - 4.850 11+450 DJ 109A (Cluj-Napoca) - 38 DJ 109V DJ 109S (Giula) 11+450 - 1.750 13+200 13+200 - 2.190 15+390 Total 0.000 4.850 6.600 0.000 0.000 3.940 0.000 15.390 15.390 0+000 - 1.300 1+300 1+300 - 9.700 11+000 11+000 - 3.000 14+000 14+000 - 1.100 15+100 15+100 - 2.200 17+300 DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - 39 DJ 150 DJ 161G (Pălatca) 17+300 - 7.600 24+900 24+900 - 8.300 33+200 33+200 - 7.500 40+700 40+700 - 2.900 43+600 43+600 - 4.400 48+000 417 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 48+000 - 0.100 48+100 48+100 - 2.850 50+950 50+950 - 0.300 51+250 Total 0.000 48.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.400 2.850 51.250 49.580 DN 15 (Luna) - RoAF 0+000 - 40 DJ 150A 3.160 71st Air Base 3+160 Total 0.000 3.160 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.160 3.160 Mureș County border - 12+500 - 41 DJ 151C 10.200 DJ 150 22+700 Total 0.000 10.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 10.200 10.200 0+000 - 6.000 6+000 6+000 - 1.600 7+600 7+600 - 4.500 12+100 12+100 - 4.900 17+000 DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - 17+000 - 42 DJ 161 Sălaj County border 1.600 18+600 (Sărata) 18+600 - 3.400 22+000 22+000 - 7.700 29+700 29+700 - 12.050 41+750 41+750 - 1.150 42+900 418 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 42+900 - 0.500 43+400 43+400 - 3.400 46+800 46+800 + 4.580 51+380 Total 4.500 14.150 24.750 0.000 0.000 7.980 0.000 51.380 49.780 0+000 - 7.000 7+000 7+000 - 0.500 7+500 7+500 - 0.700 8+200 8+200 - 1.500 9+700 9+700 - 0.900 10+600 DN 1C (Apahida) - DJ 43 DJ 161A 150 (Ceanu Mare) 10+600 - 0.400 11+000 11+000 - 4.250 15+250 15+250 - 1.650 16+900 16+900 - 6.100 23+000 23+000 - 7.200 30+200 Total 0.000 7.200 23.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.200 29.800 DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) - 0+000 - 44 DJ 161B 1.300 DC 68A (Călărași Gară) 1+300 419 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 1+300 - 3.900 5+200 5+200 - 4.800 10+000 10+000 - 1.000 11+000 11+000 - 0.950 11+950 11+950 - 2.150 14+100 14+100 - 12.800 26+900 26+900 - 2.350 29+250 29+250 - 0.750 30+000 30+000 - 0.450 30+450 30+450 - 1.750 32+200 32+200 - 0.800 33+000 33+000 - 0.700 33+700 33+700 - 12.800 46+500 Total 0.000 30.150 4.150 1.550 0.000 5.850 4.800 46.500 45.980 0+000 - 1.300 1+300 DN 1C (Iclod) - DN 1C 45 DJ 161C (Dej) 1+300 - 2.900 4+200 420 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 4+200 - 0.600 4+800 4+800 - 1.160 5+960 5+960 - 1.140 7+100 7+100 - 6.000 13+100 13+100 - 0.300 13+400 13+400 - 1.700 15+100 15+100 - 2.950 18+050 18+050 - 7.100 25+150 25+150 - 2.200 27+350 27+350 - 4.000 31+350 31+350 - 1.100 32+450 Total 0.000 7.300 12.260 0.000 0.000 9.940 2.950 32.450 26.300 0+000 - 5.000 5+000 DC 174 (Jichișu de Sus) - 5+000 - 3.500 Dej 8+500 46 DJ 161D 8+500 - 5.950 14+450 Intersection with DN 1C 14+450 - 0.620 - Intersection with 172F 15+070 421 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 15+070 - 2.100 17+170 17+170 - 1.400 18+570 18+570 - Overlap with DJ 172F 0.850 19+420 19+420 - 20.930 40+350 40+350 - 0.100 40+450 DJ 172F - Valea 40+450 - 2.600 Ungurașului 43+050 43+050 - 0.300 43+350 43+350 - 3.100 46+450 Ceaba – DJ 161E (Târgușor) 46+450 - 7.900 54+350 54+350 - 2.300 56+650 Total 0.000 42.050 11.600 0.000 0.000 0.400 2.600 56.650 55.691 0+000 - 1.600 1+600 1+600 - 0.800 2+400 DJ 161D (Târgușor) - DJ 47 DJ 161E 109C (Hodaie) 2+400 - 0.700 3+100 3+100 - 1.200 4+300 422 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 4+300 - 1.100 5+400 5+400 - 0.700 6+100 6+100 - 2.130 8+230 8+230 - 8.100 16+330 16+330 - 5.900 22+230 22+230 - 2.000 24+230 24+230 - 2.010 26+240 26+240 - 2.500 28+740 Total 0.000 0.000 15.900 0.800 0.000 9.910 2.130 28.740 27.510 DJ 161E (Valea Caldă) - 0+000 - 48 DJ 161F 1.500 DC 22 (Cătina) 1+500 Total 0.000 0.000 1.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.500 1.500 0+000 - 4.380 4+380 4+380 - 0.820 5+200 DJ 109C (Sucutard) - 5+200 - 49 DJ 161G 8.980 Căianu 14+180 14+180 - 1.020 15+200 15+200 - 1.200 16+400 423 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 16+400 - 1.000 17+400 17+400 - 1.200 18+600 18+600 - 1.200 19+800 19+800 - 1.800 21+600 21+600 - 0.400 22+000 22+000 - 1.106 23+106 Total 0.000 1.200 16.020 0.000 0.000 5.886 0.000 23.106 23.106 0+000 - 50 DJ 161H DN 16 - DC 48 (Suatu) 4.000 4+000 Total 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - 0.900 0+900 DN 16 (Zorenii de Vale) - 51 DJ 161J DJ 109C (Geaca) 0+900 - 6.400 7+300 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.300 0.000 7.300 7.100 0+000 - 2.100 2+100 2+100 - 3.490 5+590 DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - 5+590 - 52 DJ 161K 1.060 DJ 161G (Chiriș) 6+650 6+650 - 8.050 14+700 14+700 - 6.200 20+900 424 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 11.790 0.000 0.000 9.110 0.000 20.900 20.120 0+000 - 6.400 6+400 DN 1F (Topa Mică) - DJ 53 DJ 170B 109 (Așchileu Mic) 6+400 – 8+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.600 6.400 8.000 8.000 33+000 - 3.300 36+300 Bistrița-Năsăud County 36+300 - 54 DJ 172A 0.800 border - DJ 109C (Țaga) 37+100 37+100 - 2.300 39+400 Total 0.000 0.000 6.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.400 6.400 0+000 - 2.420 2+420 2+420 - 0.300 2+720 2+720 - 1.400 DN 1C (Gherla) - 4+120 55 DJ 172F Bistrița-Năsăud County border 4+120 - 11.400 15+520 15+520 - 0.850 16+370 16+370 - 9.840 26+210 Total 0.000 24.810 1.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 26.210 22.570 DN 18B (Chiuiești) - 0+000 - 56 DJ 182E 7.000 Cășiel Monastery 7+000 Total 0.000 0.000 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.000 7.000 425 Type of road surface Measured Overall Road with works in Road Final asphalt pavement Light asphalt pavement Concrete slab surface Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt length length No. Road section name progress name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 0.800 0+800 DN 17 (Cuzdrioara) - DN 0+800 - 57 DJ 182F 5.650 18B (Rugășești) 6+450 6+450 - 4.950 11+400 Total 0.000 0.000 5.750 0.000 0.000 5.650 0.000 11.400 9.980 Sălaj County border - DJ 31+310 - 58 DJ 191D 4.470 108A (Vânători) 35+780 Total 0.000 4.470 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.470 4.470 32+760 - 6.400 39+160 Bihor County border - 59 DJ 763 DJ 108C (DodaPilii) 39+160 - 4.100 43+260 Total 0.000 0.000 4.100 0.000 0.000 6.400 0.000 10.500 10.500 0+000 - 16.000 16+000 16+000 - 1.400 DN 1 - Valea Drăganului 17+400 60 DJ 764B - LuncaVișagului – DJ 108K 17+400 - 0.400 17+800 17+800 - 4.800 22+600 Total 0.000 0.000 22.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 22.600 22.600 Total 117.670 670.580 304.530 16.750 0.000 196.426 30.570 1336.526 1324.763 426 ANNEX 3. TYPES OF ROAD SURFACE FOR THE COMMUNAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 1 DC 1 DN 1C - Muncel 3+400 3.400 Total 0.000 0.000 3.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.400 3.400 0+000 - 0+300 0.300 0+300 - 1+400 1.100 1+400 - DN 1C (Câțcău) - 1+850 0.450 2 DC 2 Sălișca - DN 1C (Coplean) 1+850 - 2+200 0.350 2+200 - 3+000 0.800 3+000 - 4+600 1.600 Total 0.000 0.000 0.650 0.000 0.000 3.950 0.000 4.600 5.500 0+000 - 4+800 4.800 DN 18B (Rugășești) - 4+800 - 3 DC 3 Guga - Comorâța 6+800 2.000 6+800 - 7.420 0.620 Total 0.000 0.000 4.800 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.620 7.420 7.420 0+000 - 4 DC 4 DC 3 (Guga) - Custura 2+400 2.400 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 2.400 2.400 427 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 2+300 2.300 DN 18B (Sălătruc) - 5 DC 5 Leurda 2+300 - 3+700 1.400 Total 0.000 0.000 2.300 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.000 3.700 3.700 0+000 - 0+100 0.100 DN 1B (Chiuiești) - 6 DC 6 DosuBricii 0+100 - 3+900 3.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 3.800 3.900 3.900 DJ 182E (Valea 7 DC 7 Cășeielului) - Strâmbu 0+000 - - Huta 8+600 8.600 Total 0.000 0.000 8.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.600 8.600 DC 9A (Valea lui Opriș) 0+000 - 8 DC 8 - Valea lui Opriș 1+000 1.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 0+000 - 2+100 2.100 DJ 182E (Chiuiești) - 9 DC 9A Valea lui Opriș 2+100 - 3+900 1.800 Total 0.000 0.000 2.100 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.000 3.900 3.900 DN 17 (Mănășturel) - 0+000 - 10 DC 10 Mănășturel 1+900 1.900 Total 0.000 0.000 1.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.900 1.900 0+000 - 0+950 0.950 DJ 161D (Unguraș) - 11 DC 12 Daroț 0+950 - 1+550 0.600 428 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 1+550 - 1+750 0.200 1+750 - 5+000 3.250 Total 0.000 0.000 0.950 0.000 0.000 0.800 3.250 5.000 5.000 0+000 - 12 DC 13 DJ 161D (Batin) - Batin 2+000 2.000 Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 0+200 0.200 13 DC 14 DJ 161D - Sicfa 0+200 - 2+000 1.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 3+800 - 5+700 1.900 Bistrița-Năsăud County 5+700 - 14 DC 14A border - DJ 161D 5+850 0.150 (Valea Ungurașului) 5+850 - 6+000 0.150 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.150 2.050 2.200 2.500 0+000 - 3+050 3.050 3+050 - 4+000 0.950 DJ 172F (MintiuGherlii) 15 DC 16 - Pădureni 4+000 - 6+480 2.480 6+480 - 7+000 0.520 Total 0.000 0.000 6.480 0.000 0.000 0.520 0.000 7.000 7.000 429 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 0+500 0.500 DJ 172F (Valea Luncii) - 0+500 - 16 DC 17 Valea Cireșoii 0+800 0.300 0+800 - 1+600 0.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 1.100 1.600 1.600 0+000 - 2+400 2.400 2+400 - 3+800 1.400 DJ 161E (Valea Caldă) - 17 DC 18 DJ 109C (Geaca) 3+800 - 5+000 1.200 5+000 - 5+300 0.300 Total 0.000 0.000 2.900 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 5.300 5.000 0+000 - 1+500 1.500 18 DC 19 DJ 161E - Măhal 1+500 - 2+000 0.500 Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 2+200 2.200 DJ 161E (Buza) - 2+200 - 19 DC 20 Rotunda 3+300 1.100 3+300 - 6+200 2.900 Total 0.000 0.000 3.300 0.000 0.000 2.900 0.000 6.200 6.200 430 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 2+000 2.000 2+000 - 2+300 0.300 DJ 161F (Cătina) - DJ 2+300 - 20 DC 21 161E (Feldioara) 2+500 0.200 2+500 - 4+200 1.700 4+200 - 7.200 3.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.200 0.000 7.200 7.500 0+000 - 2+300 2.300 DC 21 (Cătina) - 2+300 - 21 DC 21B Bistrița-Năsăud County 3+800 0.500 border 2+800 - 4+500 1.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.500 0.000 4.500 4.500 DJ 161F (Cătina) - 22 DC 22 Hagău - DJ 161E 0+000 - (Hodaie) 6+500 6.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.500 0.000 6.500 8.100 0+000 - 6+200 6.200 23 DC 23 DJ 172A (Țaga) - Năsal 6+200 - 6+350 0.150 Total 0.000 0.000 6.200 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.000 6.350 6.350 0+000 - 24 DC 24 DJ 109C (Lacu) - Lacu 1+600 1.600 431 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 1.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.600 1.600 0+000 - 2+850 2.850 2+850 - 4+350 1.500 DJ 109C (Sâmboleni) - 4+350 - 25 DC 25 Zorenii de Vale - Năoiu 6+300 1.950 6+300 - 12+100 5.800 12+100 - 12+600 0.500 Total 0.000 1.950 10.650 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 12.600 13.000 0+000 - 0+500 0.500 0+500 - 2+500 2.000 DJ 161G (Petea) - DJ 2+500 - 26 DC 30 109C (Geaca) 3+200 0.700 3+200 - 4+000 0.800 4+000 - 6+700 2.700 Total 0.000 0.000 3.400 0.000 0.000 3.300 0.000 6.700 6.000 0+000 + 0+300 0.300 DJ 161 (Bonțida) - 0+300 - 27 DC 32 Coasta - Tăușeni - DJ 0+800 0.500 161K 0+800 - 3+930 3.130 432 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 3+930 - 4+030 0.100 4+030 - 5+030 1.000 5+030 - 8+580 3.550 8+580 - 9+880 1.300 Total 0.000 1.000 0.300 0.000 0.000 4.150 4.430 9.880 9.880 DJ 161K (Sava) - 0+000 - 28 DC 33 Băgaciu 2+500 2.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.500 0.000 2.500 2.500 0+000 - 4+800 4.800 DJ 109C (Sucutard) - 29 DC 34 Puini 4+800 - 5+600 0.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.800 0.800 5.600 5.600 0+000 - 1+400 1.400 DJ 109C (Sântioana) - 1+400 - 30 DC 35 Sântejude-Vale - 6+800 5.400 Sântejude 6+800 - 7+800 1.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.800 0.000 7.800 7.800 0+000 - 10+600 10.600 DJ 109C (Sântioana) - 31 DC 36 DJ 109D (Săcălaia) 10+600 - 10+800 0.200 433 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 10+800 - 12+000 1.200 Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.200 10.600 12.000 12.000 0+000 - 1+400 1.400 DJ 172F (Gherla) - 32 DC 37 Silivaș 1+400 - 6+400 5.000 Total 0.000 1.400 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.400 6.000 0+000 - 1+800 1.800 33 DC 38 DN 1C (Iclod) - Iclozel 1+800 - 3+000 1.200 Total 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 1+100 1.100 1+100 - 3+300 2.200 DJ 172F (Gherla) - DJ 3+300 - 34 DC 39 109D (Săcălaia) 6+900 3.600 6+900 - 7+100 0.200 7+100 - 7+300 0.200 Total 0.000 1.100 2.200 0.000 0.000 0.400 3.600 7.300 7.300 0+000 - DJ 109D (Juc- 1+800 1.800 Herghelie) - Jucu de 35 DC 40 Mijloc - DN 1C (Juc- 1+800 - Herghelie) 2+200 0.400 434 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 2+200 - 3+870 1.670 Total 0.000 0.000 3.870 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.870 2.000 0+000 - 2+300 2.300 DN 1C (Apahida) - DJ 36 DC 41 109D (Jucu de Sus) 2+300 - 7+200 4.900 Total 0.000 0.000 7.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.200 7.080 0+000 - 3+300 3.300 DN 16 (Corpadea) - 37 DC 42 Corpadea 3+300 - 3+400 0.100 Total 0.000 0.000 3.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 3.400 3.400 0+000 - 0+300 0.300 DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - 0+300 - 38 DC 43 DJ 161A (Cojocna) 2+100 1.800 2+100 - 6+600 4.500 Total 0.000 0.000 4.500 0.000 0.000 0.300 1.800 6.600 7.350 0+000 - 0+010 0.010 0+010 - 0+020 0.010 DJ 161A (Iuriu de 39 DC 45 Câmpie) - Huci 0+020 - 1+600 1.580 1+600 - 2+000 0.400 Total 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 1.990 0.000 2.000 2.000 435 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 0+150 0.150 DJ 161G (Căianu) - DN 0+150 - 40 DC 46 16 (Căianu Mic) 2+500 2.350 2+500 - 4+100 1.600 Total 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.000 0.000 3.950 0.000 4.100 4.100 0+000 - 5+700 5.700 DJ 161H (Suatu) - 41 DC 47 Aruncuta 5+700 - 6+000 0.300 Total 0.000 0.000 5.700 0.000 0.000 0.300 0.000 6.000 6.000 0+000 - 4+300 4.300 DC 47 (Suatu) - DJ 150 4+300 - 42 DC 47A (Berchieșu) 6+000 1.700 6+000 - 7+700 1.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.000 1.700 7.700 5.000 0+000 - 4+000 4.000 DJ 161H (Suatu) - 43 DC 48 Dâmburile 4+000 - 6+700 2.700 Total 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.700 6.700 6.700 0+000 - 0+800 0.800 DJ 150 (Crișeni) - 44 DC 49 Boteni 0+800 - 1+000 0.200 436 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 1+000 - 1+400 0.400 1+400 - 2+000 0.600 Total 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.000 0.000 0.600 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - DJ 150 (Crișeni) - 0+500 0.500 45 DC 49A Mureș County border (Vișinelu) 0+500 - 1+700 1.200 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.700 0.000 1.700 1.700 0+000 - 0+900 0.900 0+900 - 46 DC 50 DJ 150 (Frata) - Olariu 1+200 0.300 1+200 - 2+200 1.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.200 0.000 2.200 2.200 DJ 150 (Frata) - Frata - 47 DC 51 Poiana Frății - Mureș 0+000 - County border 7+900 7.900 Total 0.000 0.000 7.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.900 8.560 0+000 - 48 DC 52 DC 51 (Frata) - Oaș 2+700 2.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.700 0.000 2.700 2.700 0+000 - 0+100 0.100 DJ 150 (Frata) - 49 DC 53 PădureaIacobeni 0+100 - 1+000 0.900 437 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 1+000 - 1+500 0.500 1+500 - 1+800 0.300 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 1.700 1.800 1.800 0+000 - 1+200 1.200 50 DC 54 DJ 150 - Răzoare 1+200 - 2+000 0.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - DJ 150 (Ceanu Mare) - 1+300 1.300 51 DC 55 Iacobeni - Mureș County border 1+300 - 4+000 2.700 Total 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - DJ 150 (Boian) - Boian 1+230 1.230 52 DC 56 - Hodăi-Boian - Mureș County border 1+230 - 4+280 3.050 Total 0.000 0.000 1.230 0.000 0.000 3.050 0.000 4.280 4.470 0+000 - 1+200 1.200 DJ 150 (Bolduț) - Valea 53 DC 57 lui Cati - DJ 161B 1+200 - 4+400 3.200 Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.000 0.000 3.200 0.000 4.400 4.400 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 DJ 151C - Pădureni - 54 DC 58 Mureș County border 1+000 - 2+670 1.670 438 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 2+670 - 4+800 2.130 Total 0.000 0.000 2.670 0.000 0.000 2.130 0.000 4.800 4.800 0+000 - 3+120 3.120 3+120 - DJ 151C (Tritenii de 4+820 1.700 55 DC 59 Jos) - Clapa - Mureș County border 4+820 - 5+100 0.280 5+100 - 5+800 0.700 Total 0.000 0.000 3.400 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 5.800 5.650 0+000 - 0+700 0.700 0+700 - 2+450 1.750 DC 59 (Tritenii de Jos) - 56 DC 60 Tritenii-Hotar 2+450 - 3+290 0.840 3+290 - 4+500 1.210 Total 0.000 0.000 3.290 0.000 0.000 1.210 0.000 4.500 4.500 0+000 - 3+800 3.800 3+800 - 57 DC 61 DJ 150 - Urca 5+000 1.200 5+000 - 6+000 1.000 Total 0.000 0.000 3.800 0.000 0.000 1.200 1.000 6.000 6.000 439 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 1+100 1.100 1+100 - 1+300 0.200 DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - 58 DC 62 DC 68 (Călărași Gară) 1+300 - 6+400 5.100 6+400 - 6+800 0.400 Total 0.000 0.000 1.700 0.000 0.000 5.100 0.000 6.800 6.800 0+000 - 0+500 0.500 DJ 161B (Stârcu) - 59 DC 63 Stârcu 0+500 - 1+000 0.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 DJ 161B (Valea lui Cati) - Ciurgău - 60 DC 64 DosuNapului- DC 69 0+000 - (Valea Florilor) 9+200 9.200 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.200 0.000 9.200 9.000 DJ 161A (Strucut) - DC 0+000 - 61 DC 65 64 (Ciurgău) 1+500 1.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.500 0.000 1.500 1.500 0+000 - 1+900 1.900 DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) 1+900 - 62 DC 66 - Fânațe - DJ 150 2+500 0.600 (Ceanu Mare) 2+500 - 6+200 3.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.600 0.600 6.200 5.700 440 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - DJ 172F (Gligorești) - 2+000 2.000 63 DC 67 Gligorești - Alba County border 2+000 - 2+600 0.600 Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.600 0.000 2.600 2.600 0+000 - 0+800 0.800 DJ 150A (RoAF 71st Air 0+800 - 64 DC 68 Base) - DJ 161B 1+400 0.600 (Călărași-Gară) 1+400 - 3+000 1.600 Total 0.000 0.000 1.600 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 0+600 0.600 0+600 - 0+700 0.100 DJ 161B (Călărași Gară) 65 DC 68A - Alba County border 0+700 - 0+800 0.100 0+800 - 2+270 1.470 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.700 1.570 2.270 2.270 0+000 - 3+500 3.500 DJ 161B (Ploscoș) - 3+500 - 66 DC 69 Valea Florilor - 4+500 1.000 Lobodaș 4+500 - 5+900 1.400 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.900 0.000 5.900 4.350 441 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 1+460 1.460 1+460 - 3+700 2.240 DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - 3+700 - 67 DC 69A DJ 161B (Ploscoș) 5+000 1.300 5+000 - 7+800 2.800 7+800 - 9+600 1.800 Total 0.000 0.000 1.460 0.000 0.000 5.340 2.800 9.600 9.600 0+000 - 1+200 1.200 1+200 - 2+480 1.280 DC 69 (Valea Florilor) - 68 DC 70 DJ 161B (Crairât) 2+480 - 2+980 0.500 2+980 - 3+780 0.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 1.780 3.780 2.500 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 DN 1 (Feleacu) - 1+000 - 69 DC 71 CaseleMicești 4+900 3.900 4+900 - 5+600 0.700 Total 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 3.900 0.700 5.600 5.600 DN 1 (Copăceni) - 0+000 - 70 DC 72 Copăceni 2+000 2.000 442 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 DN 1 (Comșești) - 0+000 - 71 DC 73 Comșești 2+500 2.500 Total 0.000 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.500 2.500 0+000 - 1+800 1.800 DN 1 (Mărtinești) - 72 DC 74 Mărtinești 1+800 - 1+900 0.100 Total 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 1.900 1.900 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 1+000 - 2+400 1.400 DJ 103M (Vâlcele) - DC 73 DC 75 77 (Sărădiș) 2+400 - 4+100 1.700 4+100 - 5+500 1.400 Total 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 0.000 3.100 0.000 5.500 5.120 DJ 161A (Cojocna) - DJ 0+000 - 74 DC 76 105S (Boju) 6+500 6.500 Total 0.000 0.000 6.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.500 6.000 0+000 - 0+200 0.200 0+200 - 3+600 3.400 DJ 103G (Gheorghieni) 75 DC 77 - DJ 103T (Feleacu) 3+600 - 4+850 1.250 4+850 - 5+350 0.500 443 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.950 3.400 5.350 5.350 0+000 - 0+700 0.700 0+700 - 1+500 0.800 1+500 - 8+600 7.100 DJ 105S (Boju) - DJ 76 DC 78 161A (Iuriu de Câmpie) 8+600 - 12+100 3.500 12+100 - 13+700 1.600 13+700 - 14+000 0.300 Total 0.000 0.000 1.500 0.000 0.000 3.800 8.700 14.000 14.000 0+000 - 1+800 1.800 DJ 105S (Pata) - 77 DC 79 Bodrog 1+800 - 2+000 0.200 Total 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.200 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 2+400 2.400 2+400 - 2+500 0.100 DN 1N (Cluj-Napoca) - 2+500 - 78 DC 80 Dezmir - Cara - DJ 10+000 7.500 161A 10+000 - 11+590 1.590 11+590 - 13+000 1.410 444 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 3.810 0.000 0.000 1.690 7.500 13.000 13.000 0+000 - 0+700 0.700 79 DC 81 DN 1 - Stejeriș 0+700 - 3+000 2.300 Total 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 0.000 2.300 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 2+800 2.800 DN 1 - Bădeni - Plăiești 2+800 - 80 DC 82 - DJ 103G 8+300 5.500 (Moldovenești) 8+300 - 9+400 1.100 Total 0.000 0.000 9.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.400 10.000 0+000 - 10+000 10.000 DJ 103G (Tureni) - 10+000 - 81 DC 85 Micești 10+500 0.500 10+500 - 11+893 1.393 Total 0.000 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 1.393 11.893 11.893 0+000 - 3+080 3.080 DJ 107L (Petreștii de 82 DC 86 Jos) - Deleni 3+080 - 3+800 0.720 Total 0.000 0.000 3.080 0.000 0.000 0.720 0.000 3.800 3.800 0+000 - 4+000 4.000 DJ 107L (Petreștii de 83 DC 87 Jos) - DC 107 (Borzești) 4+000 - 4+600 0.600 445 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 4+600 - 6+900 2.300 Total 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 2.900 0.000 6.900 8.170 0+000 - 3+400 3.400 DJ 107L - DC 104 3+400 - 84 DC 88 (Livada) 3+800 0.400 3+800 - 4+800 1.000 Total 0.000 0.000 3.400 0.000 0.000 0.400 1.000 4.800 5.400 0+000 - 2+950 2.950 DJ 107L (Crăiești) - 85 DC 89 Plaiuri 2+950 - 3+100 0.150 Total 0.000 0.000 2.950 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.000 3.100 3.100 0+000 - 2+000 2.000 2+000 - 86 DC 90 DJ 107L - Pădureni 2+400 0.400 2+400 - 3+000 0.600 Total 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 0.000 0.600 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 1+500 1.500 DJ 107L - DJ 107R 1+500 - 87 DC 91 (Sălicea) 2+630 1.130 2+630 - 4+500 1.870 446 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 4+500 - 5+200 0.700 5+200 - 8+200 3.000 8+200 - 10+500 2.300 Total 0.000 0.000 1.130 0.000 0.000 9.370 0.000 10.500 10.300 0+000 - 2+310 2.310 88 DC 92 DJ 107L - Șutu 2+310 - 2+500 0.190 Total 0.000 0.000 2.310 0.000 0.000 0.190 0.000 2.500 2.500 89 DC 93A Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.100 0+000 - 90 DC 94 DJ 107M (Săcel) - Săcel 0+700 0.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.700 0+000 - 2+500 - 91 DC 96 DJ 105L (Tăuți) - Tăuți 2+500 2.500 3+100 0.600 Total 0.000 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.600 0.000 3.100 3.100 0+000 - 0+800 0.800 DN 1 (Luna de Sus) - DJ 92 DC 98 107M (Luna de Sus) 0+800 - 1+100 0.300 Total 0.000 1.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.100 1.100 DJ 107M (Lita) - 0+000 - 93 DC 99 Hășdate 5+000 5.000 Total 0.000 0.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 447 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) DJ 107R (Muntele 94 DC 100A Băișorii) - Muntele 0+000 - Bocului 6+000 6.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.000 0.000 6.000 6.000 DJ 107N (Moara de 95 DC 101 Pădure) - 0+000 - MunteleSăcel 3+500 3.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.500 0.000 3.500 3.500 0+000 - 0+050 0.050 0+050 - 1+750 1.700 DJ 107N (Moara de 1+750 - 96 DC 101A Pădure) - MunteleFilii 2+150 0.400 2+150 - 4+500 2.350 4+500 - 6+000 1.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.950 4.050 6.000 6.000 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 1+000 - 6+000 5.000 DJ 107M (Iara) - Valea 6+000 - 97 DC 102 Vadului 6+800 0.800 6+800 - 7+800 1.000 7+800 - 9+000 1.200 Total 0.000 0.000 6.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 9.000 9.000 448 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 5+600 5.600 DC 102 (Iara) - DC 102 98 DC 102A (Mașca) 5+600 - 7+400 1.800 Total 0.000 0.000 5.600 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.000 7.400 7.560 0+000 - 4+000 4.000 99 DC 103 DJ 107M (Iara) - Agriș 4+000 - 5+100 1.100 Total 0.000 0.000 5.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.100 5.100 0+000 - 0+540 0.540 0+540 - 1+900 1.360 1+900 - 1+960 0.060 1+960 - 2+460 0.500 Făgetu Ierii - DC 106 2+460 - 100 DC 104 (Măgura Ierii) 3+960 1.500 3+960 - 4+460 0.500 4+460 - 5+160 0.700 5+160 - 5+860 0.700 5+860 - 9+910 4.050 Total 0.000 0.060 1.360 0.000 0.000 4.440 4.050 9.910 7.700 449 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 0+650 0.650 DJ 107M (Iara) - DN 75 0+650 - 101 DC 105 (Lungești) 8+040 7.390 8+040 - 11+640 3.600 Total 3.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.650 7.390 11.640 12.850 DJ 107M - DC 104 0+000 - 102 DC 106 (Măgura Ierii) 2+500 2.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.500 0.000 2.500 3.000 0+000 - 0+150 0.150 0+150 - 103 DC 107 DN 75 (Buru) - Borzești 3+760 3.610 3+760 - 5+000 1.240 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.390 3.610 5.000 5.000 DJ 107N (Muntele 104 DC 110 Rece Monastery) - 0+000 - Râșca hamlet 5+000 5.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 0+000 - DJ 107T 1+000 1.000 105 DC 110C (CoadalaculuiSomeșuR ece) - DC 111 (Măguri) 1+000 - 4+000 3.000 Total 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - 106 DC 111 4+600 4.600 450 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 4+600 - DJ 107T (Măguri 7+700 3.100 Răcătău) - DC 110C (Măguri) 7+700 - 9+500 1.800 Total 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.000 7.700 0.000 9.500 7.000 DJ 103K (Dângău 0+000 - 107 DC 113 Mare) - Bălcești 2+000 2.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 3+000 3.000 DN 1 (Căpușu Mic) - 108 DC 114 Căpușu Mic 3+000 - 3+500 0.500 Total 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 3.500 3.500 0+000 - 2+400 2.400 109 DC 115 DJ 108C - Bedeciu 2+400 - 3+000 0.600 Total 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 0.000 0.600 0.000 3.000 3.000 DJ 108C (Dretea) - DC 0+000 - 110 DC 116 119 (Dretea) 0+800 0.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.800 3.000 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 1+000 - DJ 108C (Mănăstireni) 7+100 6.100 111 DC 117 - Șăula - Nearșova (DN 1) 7+100 - 7+200 0.100 7+200 - 7+600 0.400 451 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 7+600 - 7+800 0.200 7+800 - 8+300 0.500 8+300 - 9+410 1.110 Total 0.000 0.000 3.010 0.200 0.000 0.100 6.100 9.410 9.410 0+000 - 7+600 7.600 DJ 103K (Râșca) - DJ 7+600 - 112 DC 118 103K (Dângău Mic) 8+000 0.400 8+000 - 12+840 4.840 Total 0.000 0.000 7.600 0.000 0.000 0.400 4.840 12.840 12.840 0+000 - 1+500 1.500 1+500 - 2+200 0.700 DC 117 - Bica - DC 116 113 DC 119 (Dretea) 2+200 - 2+350 0.150 2+350 - 2+500 0.150 Total 0.000 0.000 1.650 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.700 2.500 2.500 DJ 108C (Răchițele) - 0+000 - 114 DC 121 DN 1R (Beliș) 17+900 17.900 Total 0.000 0.000 17.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.900 17.250 DN 1R (Călățele) - 0+000 - 115 DC 122 Finciu 3+340 3.340 Total 3.340 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.340 3.340 452 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 2+600 2.600 Bociu - DJ 108C - 116 DC 123 Ciuleni 2+600 - 5+100 2.500 Total 0.000 0.000 5.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.100 5.100 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 DN 1R (Huedin) - 1+000 - 117 DC 124 Domoșu - Horlacea 1+200 0.200 1+200 - 5+250 4.050 Total 0.000 0.000 5.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.250 5.250 0+000 - 4+000 4.000 4+000 - 4+800 0.800 DJ 103J (Sâncraiu) - 4+800 - 118 DC 126 Hodișu 6+100 1.300 6+100 - 8+600 2.500 8+600 - 11+900 3.300 Total 0.000 0.000 11.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 11.900 15.200 0+000 - 119 DC 127 DC 126 - Morlaca 2+000 2.000 Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 DJ 108C (DodaPilii) - 0+000 - 120 DC 128A Giurcuța de Sus 6+700 6.700 453 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 6+700 - 8+700 2.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.700 0.000 8.700 8.700 DC 128A (DodaPilii) - 0+000 - 121 DC 128C Smida 1+700 1.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.700 0.000 1.700 1.700 0+000 - 6+100 6.100 DJ 103H (Săcuieu) - 122 DC 129 Rogojel 6+100 - 9+000 2.900 Total 0.000 0.000 6.100 0.000 0.000 2.900 0.000 9.000 9.000 0+000 - 3+850 3.850 3+850 - 4+450 0.600 DJ 103J - DC 131 4+450 - 123 DC 130 (Tranișu) 5+550 1.100 5+550 - 6+450 0.900 6+450 - 7+050 0.600 Total 0.000 0.000 4.450 0.000 0.000 1.500 1.100 7.050 7.050 DJ 764B (Valea 124 DC 131 Drăganului) - DC 130 0+000 - (Tranișu) 4+000 4.000 Total 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 DN 1 (Negreni) - 0+000 - 125 DC 132 Prelucele 2+750 2.750 454 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 2+750 - 3+250 0.500 3+250 - 7+000 3.750 Total 0.000 0.000 2.750 0.000 0.000 0.500 3.750 7.000 7.000 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 DC 137 (TicuColonie) - 126 DC 133 Dâncu 1+000 - 2+000 1.000 Total 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 3+500 3.500 DN 1 (IzvoruCrișului) - 3+500 - 127 DC 135 Nadășu - Sălaj County 4+300 0.800 border 4+300 - 5+460 1.160 Total 0.000 0.000 4.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.160 5.460 5.460 DJ 108N (Sălaj County 128 DC 137 border) - TicuColonie - 0+000 - 8+400 - Arghișu 8+400 8.400 10+500 2.100 Total 0.000 0.000 8.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.100 10.500 10.500 0+000 - 1+200 1.200 1+200 - DN 1 (Dumbrava) - 1+500 0.300 129 DC 138 Inucu - DJ 108C (Dorolțu) 1+500 - 4+870 3.370 4+870 - 9+870 5.000 455 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 6.200 0.000 0.000 0.300 3.370 9.870 9.870 DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) - 0+000 - 0+400 - 130 DC 139 Straja 0+400 0.400 3+000 2.600 Total 0.000 0.000 0.400 0.000 0.000 2.600 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 4+300 4.300 DJ 108C (Gârbău) - 4+300 - 131 DC 140 Turea - Cornești 8+500 4.200 8+500 - 10+000 1.500 Total 0.000 0.000 8.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.500 10.000 10.000 DJ 108C (Dorolțu) - 0+000 - 132 DC 140A Băgara 2+000 2.000 Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 133 DC 141 DN 1F - Suceagu 3+700 3.700 Total 0.000 0.000 3.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.700 3.700 0+000 - 1+600 1.600 1+600 - 6+250 4.650 DN 1J (Viștea) - DN 1 134 DC 141A (Gilău) 6+250 - 6+450 0.200 6+450 - 7+400 0.950 Total 0.000 0.000 2.550 0.000 0.000 0.200 4.650 7.400 7.400 0+000 - 135 DC 141B DN 1F (Mera) - Mera 2+000 2.000 456 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 DJ 108C (Macău halt) - 0+000 - 136 DC 142A Macău 3+000 3.000 Total 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 1+500 1.500 1+500 - 4+300 2.800 DJ 109A (Cluj-Napoca) 4+300 - 137 DC 142B - DJ 105T (Popești) 5+500 1.200 5+500 - 6+600 1.100 6+600 - 7+950 1.350 Total 0.000 1.500 3.650 2.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.950 5.000 0+000 - 1+400 1.400 DN 1N (Sub Coastă) - 138 DC 142C DN 1N (VOCE) 1+400 - 2+100 0.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.700 2.100 7.600 0+000 - 1+550 1.550 1+550 - DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) - 2+300 0.750 139 DC 142D Colonia Sopor (Cluj- Napoca) 2+300 - 4+550 2.250 4+550 - 5+000 0.450 Total 0.000 1.550 0.750 0.000 0.000 2.700 0.000 5.000 5.000 457 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 140 DC 143 DN 1F (Șardu) - Șardu 3+000 3.000 Total 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 0+500 0.500 DN 1F (Sânpaul) - 0+500 - 141 DC 144 Șumurducu - DJ 105T 3+400 2.900 (SălișteaNouă) 3+400 - 7+000 3.600 Total 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 2.900 3.600 7.000 7.000 0+000 - 0+700 0.700 0+700 - 1+500 0.800 DJ 105T (Berindu) - 1+500 - 142 DC 145 Cristorel - DJ 109 5+120 3.620 (Așchileu Mare) 5+120 - 5+320 0.200 5+320 - 9+020 3.700 Total 0.000 0.000 4.400 0.000 0.000 1.000 3.620 9.020 9.020 0+000 - 0+950 0.950 0+950 - 2+450 1.500 DJ 109 (Fodora) - DC 143 DC 146 157 (Cătălina) 2+450 - 4+950 2.500 4+950 - 7+300 2.350 458 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.450 3.850 7.300 5.000 0+000 - 1+000 1.000 DJ 109 (Așchileu Mare) 144 DC 146A - DC 146 (Dorna) 1+000 - 4+000 3.000 Total 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - 1+500 1.500 DJ 109 V (Pădureni) - 145 DC 147 DC 156 (Feiurdeni) 1+500 - 4+310 2.810 Total 0.000 0.000 4.310 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.310 4.310 DJ 109A (Șoimeni) - 0+000 - 146 DC 148A Șoimeni 2+000 2.000 Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 2+800 2.800 DJ 109A (Făureni) - 2+800 - 147 DC 150 Făureni - DJ 109 5+300 2.500 (Vultureni) 5+300 - 5+700 0.400 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.200 2.500 5.700 5.700 DJ 109 (Borșa) - 0+000 - 148 DC 151 Bădești 3+000 3.000 Total 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 0+900 0.900 DJ 109S (Borșa) - Borșa 149 DC 151A Crestaia 0+900 - 1+400 0.500 459 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 1+400 - 3+700 2.300 Total 0.000 0.000 0.900 0.000 0.000 0.500 2.300 3.700 3.700 0+000 - 0+800 0.800 0+800 - DJ 109S (Giula) - 1+100 0.300 150 DC 152 Ciumăfaia (DJ 109) - Chidea 1+100 - 2+300 1.200 2+300 - 5+800 3.500 Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 3.500 0.300 5.800 8.500 0+000 - 0+500 0.500 DN 1C (Sânnicoară) - 151 DC 153 DN 1N (VOCE) 0+500 - 1+000 0.500 Total 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 3.800 0+000 - 0+750 0.750 DN 1C (Câmpenești) - 152 DC 154 DC 156 (Câmpenești) 0+750 - 4+700 3.950 Total 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.000 0.000 3.950 0.000 4.700 6.000 DJ 161 - Cubleșu 0+000 - 153 DC 155 Someșan 6+780 6.780 Total 0.000 0.000 6.780 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.780 6.780 0+000 - 1+800 1.800 DC 154 (Câmpenești) - 154 DC 156 DC 147 (Feiurdeni) 1+800 - 6+500 4.700 460 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.800 4.700 6.500 6.500 0+000 - 155 DC 157 DJ 161 - Cătălina 3+200 3.200 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.200 0.000 3.200 3.200 0+ 000 - 2+550 2.550 DJ 109A (Panticeu) - 2+550 - 156 DC 158 Elciu 4+300 1.750 4+300 - 4+600 0.300 Total 0.000 0.000 1.750 0.000 0.000 2.850 0.000 4.600 4.600 0+000 - 5+670 5.670 DJ 109B (Lujerdiu) - 157 DC 159 Bârlea - Tioltiur 5+670 - 6+000 0.330 Total 0.000 0.000 5.670 0.000 0.000 0.330 0.000 6.000 6.000 DJ 109B (Oșorhel) - 0+000 - 158 DC 160 Antăș - Blidărești 3+500 3.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.500 0.000 3.500 3.500 0+000 - 3+700 3.700 DJ 109A (Ciubăncuța) - 159 DC 162 Osoi 3+700 - 3+850 0.150 Total 0.000 0.000 3.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.150 3.850 3.850 0+000 - 0+800 0.800 160 DC 163 DJ 109A - Escu 0+800 - 1+700 0.900 461 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 0.800 0.000 0.000 0.900 0.000 1.700 1.700 0+000 - 1+200 1.200 DJ 108B (Bobâlna) - 1+200 - 161 DC 164 Pruni 4+000 2.800 4+000 - 4+300 0.300 Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.000 0.000 3.100 0.000 4.300 4.300 DJ 108B (Maia) - 0+000 - 162 DC 165 Suarăș - Băbdiu 5+300 5.300 Total 5.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.300 5.300 0+000 - 0+300 0.300 DJ 108B (Șomcutu Mic) 163 DC 166 - Peștera 0+300 - 5+000 4.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.300 4.700 5.000 5.000 DJ 161C (Corneni) - 0+000 - 164 DC 168 Vale 2+000 2.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 165 DC 169 DJ 161C - Girolt 5+000 5.000 Total 0.000 0.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 DJ 161C (Aluniș) - 0+000 - 166 DC 170 Pruneni 3+000 3.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 DN 1C (Livada) - 0+000 - 167 DC 171 Orman 5+990 5.990 462 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 5+990 - 6+750 0.760 6+750 - 7+000 0.250 Total 0.000 0.000 6.750 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250 7.000 7.000 0+000 - 0+200 0.200 0+200 - 168 DC 172A DN 1C (Băița) - Băița 1+800 1.600 1+800 - 2+500 0.700 Total 0.000 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 2.500 2.500 DN 1C (Bunești) - 0+000 - 169 DC 172B Bunești 1+200 1.200 Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.200 1.200 0+000 - 3+500 3.500 170 DC 173 DN 1C (Nima) - Nima 3+500 - 4+000 0.500 Total 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - 2+500 2.500 DJ 161D (Jichișu de 171 DC 174 Sus) - Șigău 2+500 - 2+780 0.280 Total 0.000 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.280 0.000 2.780 2.780 0+000 - 172 DC 175 DJ 161D - Tărpiu 5+000 5.000 Total 0.000 0.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 463 Type of road surface Road with works in Light asphalt Cement concrete Measured Overall Road Final asphalt pavement Cobblestone pavement Gravel Dirt No. Road section name progress pavement surface length length name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 1+400 1.400 173 DC 176 DJ 161D (Dej) - Codor 1+400 - 3+000 1.600 Total 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.000 0.000 1.600 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 0+050 0.050 DN 1C (Câțcău) - 0+050 - Someș river 0+550 0.500 0+550 - 1+600 1.050 174 DC 177 1+600 - Someș river - DJ 109E 1+950 0.350 1+950 - Overlap with DJ 109E 2+850 0.900 Intersection with DJ 2+850 - 109E (Vad) - Calna 13+000 10.150 Total 0.000 0.000 11.100 0.000 0.000 1.900 0.000 13.000 13.000 0+000 - 1+700 1.700 DC 177 (Bogata de Jos) 175 DC 178 - CurtuiușuDejului 1+700 - 2+000 0.300 Total 0.000 0.000 1.700 0.000 0.000 0.300 0.000 2.000 2.000 Total 12.240 9.660 440.420 3.000 0.000 280.200 146.433 891.953 899.833 464 ANNEX 4. CONDITION OF THE NATIONAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 0+000 - OdăiiBeteag V. 61.200 1+500 VG 61+200 bridge Overpass DC 2+120 VG 62 Overpass 2+195 VG 300 railway line Overpass 8+100 VG DJ 161B Overpass A10 8+400 VG connection leg Overpass A10 DN 15 9+000 VG 2 lanes in connection leg (Câmpia each 1 A3 Turzii) - DN direction Overpass DN1 1F 9+470 VG +1 connection leg (Nădășelu) shoulder Underpass 10+100 VG DN 1 Overpass DN 11+600 VG 75 12+800 Viaduct Arieș + - VG Pordei V. river 14+200 15+700 Săndulești V. - VG bridge 15+900 Viaduct over 18+400 VG DJ 107L 465 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Underpass 20+900 VG DJ 107G Negoteasa V. 22+000 VG bridge 24+400 Viaduct over - VG DC 86 24+900 26+300 Șeușei V. - VG viaduct 26+600 27+800 Fâneții V. - VG viaduct 28+100 29+800 Săliștei V. - VG viaduct 30+100 Pruniș V. 31+800 VG bridge Overpass Ciurila V. + 33+100 VG overpass DJ 107R Valea 38+100 fărănume VG bridge 39+300 Vălișoara V. - VG viaduct 39+500 Valea 39+900 fărănume VG bridge 43+300 Viaduct over - VG 43+700 DJ 107M 466 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Overpass 47+200 VG DJ 103V 49+200 - Viaduct VG 49+900 50+800 Viaduct over - VG DN 1 51+450 Underpass 52+100 VG DN1 slip road Viaduct Water 52+600 delivery canal - VG + Someșu Mic 52+900 river Valea 54+200 fărănume VG bridge 54+400 Vistileaca V. - VG viaduct 54+700 55+500 Valea - fărănume VG 55+600 bridge 56+000 Valea - fărănume VG 56+100 bridge 57+000 - Viaduct VG 57+250 60+900 Valea - fărănume VG 61+000 bridge Total 0.000 61.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 61.200 61.200 467 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 62+410 63+100 Stejeriș V. - 7.590 - VG bridge 70+000 63+210 Underpass 63+570 VG DC 81 65+200 Viaduct VG 2 lanes in Alba County each 65+890 2 A10 border - A3 direction - Viaduct VG (Turda) +1 66+100 shoulder Underpass 67+500 VG DN 1 68+200 Pass VG Underpass 69+320 VG DN1 slip road Total 0.000 7.590 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.590 7.590 433+00 OMV 0- 438+20 433+000 - 442+30 11.700 Overpass A10 VG 433+150 PDC 444+70 0 449+600 0 0 and LUKOIL 492+700 - 442+60 444+70 564+000 - 0 A&A 0- 441+20 Underpass A3 Section 444+70 4.900 G 433+500 DC 449+60 0 leg with 1 0 Alba County 0 lane in Rompet border each rol (Dumbrava) 449+60 direction; 449+80 3 DN 1 - Bihor 0- 441+70 449+600 - 0 MOL 27.800 Underpass A3 G 435+800 DC County 477+40 0 477+400 border 0 and 449+90 477+400 - 0 477+40 492+700 - LUKOIL 0- 443+26 Section 465+90 15.300 DN 75 pass A 437+200 DC 492+70 8 with 2 0 0 lanes in PETRO each M 444+84 Bridge over direction 473+40 492+70 19.200 VP 438+100 DC 0 Arieș river 0 OMV 0- 473+90 468 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 511+90 0 0 Rompet rol 511+90 Overpass 474+30 0- 445+20 narrow-gauge 0 1.500 VP 438+400 DC 513+40 0 industrial 0 railway MOL 513+40 474+60 Valea 0- 445+70 0 13.500 fărănume A 439+000 DC 526+90 0 LUKOIL bridge 0 474+80 0 526+90 Rompet Valea rolparte 0- 445+80 12.200 fărănume P 443+200 DC ner 539+10 0 bridge 475+90 0 0 539+10 LUKOIL 0- 448+10 Bridge over 479+85 24.900 M 467+200 DC 0 OMV 564+00 0 Racilor river 0 481+15 0 MOL 458+87 Bridge over 487+90 G 493+300 DC 0 2 Racilor river Rompet 460+60 Bridge over rol A 498+000 DC 488+10 0 the canal 0 OMV 465+58 Underpass 490+20 VG 507+600 PDC 0 AGIP 0 VOCE 490+30 Valea 0 471+74 Rompet fărănume A 512+500 PDC 0 rolparte bridge ner Overpass for 480+50 grade 496+02 G 523+100 DC 0 Gas 0 separation Calvaria station 513+10 Overpass for 0 481+75 grade VG 537+400 PDC PETRO 0 separation Calea Florești M 525+10 481+78 0 Culvert A 537+800 DC LUKOIL 8 469 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 482+37 Gârbăului V. 526+50 VG 539+300 DC 0 bridge 0 Overpass for MOL 482+55 access to the 529+00 G 539+800 DC 0 VIVO shopping 0 center VEGAS OIL 484+95 Bridge over 556+40 G 546+900 DC 0 Tăuți river 0 485+90 Ciorgăului V. G 548+000 DC 0 bridge 488+36 Culvert A 548+300 DC 1 Bridge over the Florești I 492+94 hydropower A 549+750 DC 2 plant water delivery canal Bridge over 493+06 Someșu Mic A 550+300 DC 9 river 501+82 Bridge over G 551+700 DC 4 Căpuș river 502+21 Strajei V. A 554+650 DC 0 bridge Bridge over 517+15 Crișul Repede A 556+400 DC 0 river Bridge over 522+31 Crișul Repede A 558+400 PDC 6 river 523+03 Nearșova V. A 561+300 DC 3 bridge 526+73 Domoș V. G 561+350 PDC 4 bridge 470 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 527+95 Nearsău V. A 561+450 PDC 0 bridge Overpass 531+30 Crișul Repede A 561+700 PDC 2 river + 300 railway line 548+81 Poicu V. bridge G 561+800 DC 0 551+94 Ghermin V. G 562+200 DC 7 bridge 553+94 Caselor V. G 562+700 DC 4 bridge 556+11 Negrii V. G 563+300 DC 2 bridge 560+29 Făgădăului V. G 0 bridge 563+16 Șoimului V. G 1 bridge Total 0.000 69.800 56.300 4.900 0.000 0.000 131.000 131.000 Overpass for OMV 20+225 - 0+000 - grade 1+700 industrial 2+100 G 15+350 DC 1 lane in 8+800 separation railway each 8.800 Mărăști MOL crossing, direction, no except for 8+800 - Overpass 300 2+100 barriers 4.500 3+700 G 31+360 DC the DN 1 (Cluj- 13+300 railway line OMV – serves following Napoca) - 3+000 the Jucu sections: 4 DN 1C DN 17 (Dej) - 13+300 PETRO military Bridge over 0+000 - Sălaj County - 5+300 VG 34+850 DC M base, Becaș river 8+800; border 16+120 2.820 6+300 asphalt 57+160 - concrete 59+520 (2 16+120 SOCAR slabs; Zăpodie (Petii) lanes in - 0.060 8+594 VG 46+280 PDC 6+700 55+665 - V. bridge each 16+180 LUKOIL laid out direction); 8+400 industrial 8+698 Culvert A 56+070 DC PETRO railway, M no 471 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 16+180 Bridge over 43+710 barriers, - 26.840 11+660 sewer VG 66+815 PDC Rompet to Ocna 43+020 (Mărătorii V.) rol Dej, Express elastic 43+020 28+670 rubber Bridge over - 2.420 13+172 G 68+930 DC pavers; Maraloiu river 45+440 DHR 57+320 - 42+670 industrial 45+440 Bridge over MOL railway, - 0.300 14+936 Someșu Mic A 70+240 DC 56+100 decommi 45+740 river (metal) ssioned, OMV cement 45+740 56+050 concrete Feiurdeni V. Rompet - 3.850 17+800 G 70+640 DC slabs bridge rol 49+590 57+170 49+590 LUKOIL Borșa V. 58+230 - 7.570 25+665 G 73+890 DC bridge PETRO 57+160 M 57+160 60+430 Lonea V. - 2.060 31+352 G bridge 59+220 59+220 Lujerdiu V. - 2.310 32+494 G bridge 61+530 61+530 Aluniș - 5.430 35+788 (Mărului) V. G 66+960 bridge 66+960 Orman V. - 9.900 38+175 G bridge 76+860 Bridge over 43+253 Someșu Mic A river (metal) Bridge over 43+944 A CanalulMorii Bridge over 47+619 A Fizeș river 472 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Bridge over 48+888 Someșu Mic A river Bunești V. 49+590 A bridge 52+750 Nima V. bridge A Sărata V. 55+840 A bridge Bridge over 60+650 A Someș river Valea 61+300 fărănume P bridge Overpass 400 61+430 A railway line Valea 61+620 fărănume A bridge 65+165 Culvert A Sălătrucului 66+860 (Satului) V. G bridge Valea 68+812 fărănume A bridge Câțcău V. 72+675 G bridge Muncelului V. 73+423 G bridge Total 0.000 60.870 13.680 2.310 0.000 0.000 76.860 76.860 Bridge over 1 lane in 0+000 - Rompet 11+295 – 5 DN 1F DN 1 (Cluj- 11.700 0+600 Someșu Mic VG 10+500 DC each 11+700 rol level Napoca) - river direction 2+700; crossing 473 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Sălaj County 11+700 PETRO 300 Overpass 300 border - 24.440 2+000 A 22+100 DC M railway railway line 36+140 5+200 line, with overpass Bridge over PECO ; 2+300 A 24+800 DC Nadăș river Mera - 14+650 16+920 – Valea Seacă level 4+918 A 29+400 DC bridge crossing 300 Bridge over railway 10+786 A 31+200 DC line, with Nadăș river overpass Overpass 300 11+295 A 31+700 DC railway line Overpass Nadăș river + 16+920 A 33+600 DC 300 railway line Bridge over 18+449 Nădășel (Valea G 34+700 PDC Mare) river Valea 19+279 fărănume G bridge Valea Mare 21+956 (Sânpaul) V. A bridge Total 0.000 11.700 24.440 0.000 0.000 0.000 36.140 36.140 Bridge over 0+426 - 0+000 - 3.850 0+200 Crișul Repede A 1+500 DC level 3+850 river crossing 300 DN 1 1+800 DC 1 lane in railway (Huedin) - 6 DN 1G each line, with Sălaj County 2+800 DC direction half border barriers, cement 2+900 DC concrete slabs 474 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.850 0.000 0.000 3.850 3.850 0+000 - Bridge over 15.035 0+163 G 2+500 DC 15+035 Căpuș river Aruat V. 10+025 A 4+380 DC bridge Valea DN 1 13+300 fărănume G 5+900 DC (Căpușu bridge 1 lane in 7 DN 1J Mare) - DN each 1F Underpass direction (Nădășelu) 14+600 A 6+400 DC DN 1F 13+000 DC 13+100 DC 14+400 DC Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 15.035 0.000 0.000 15.035 15.035 0+000 - Bridge over 1.600 6+340 A 26+250 DC 1+600 Călata river 1+600 - Sarsăului V. 0.550 8+050 A 27+850 PDC 2+150 bridge 2+150 - 6.300 9+335 Bociu V. bridge A 28+050 PDC 8+450 DN 1 8+450 - Bridge over 0.900 13+440 A 29+450 PDC (Huedin) - 9+350 Călata river 1 lane in 8 DN 1R DJ 107P - each Alba County Bridge over direction 9+350 - border 1.950 17+250 Călata (Coca) P 36+950 DC 11+300 river 11+300 Bridge over - 2.600 17+780 Călata (Coca) A 38+850 DC 13+900 river 13+900 Bridge over - 11.700 18+970 Călata (Coca) P 39+350 DC 25+600 river 475 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 25+600 Bridge over - 3.900 21+350 A 52+150 DC Călata river 29+500 29+500 29+550 - 2.960 - Fântânele dam P 53+050 DC 32+460 29+950 32+460 Zvârca Mare V. - 1.390 31+274 A 53+750 DC bridge 33+850 33+850 Valea - 11.300 31+950 fărănume A 55+450 DC 45+150 bridge 45+150 Mestecăniș V. - 2.800 32+550 A 55+650 DC bridge 47+950 47+950 Valea Morii - 10.600 36+945 A 55+950 DC bridge 58+550 Grinduri V. 36+972 A 56+250 DC bridge Pârtei V. 38+100 A bridge Monoșei V. 38+850 A bridge Monoșeilor V. 42+285 A bridge Bubuia V. 42+865 A bridge Bridge over 44+100 A Beliș river Bridge over 47+530 G Beliș river ApaCaldă V. 50+238 A bridge 476 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Valea 53+650 fărănume VG bridge ApaCaldă V. 54+257 A bridge Total 2.960 9.850 1.600 44.140 0.000 0.000 58.550 58.550 Valea 0+000 - 11.600 11+400 fărănume A 20+100 DC 11+600 bridge 11+600 Valea MOL 7+750 - - 0.600 13+927 fărănume G 8+100 - 12+200 bridge 0+150 underpas s 300 12+200 ESO Bridge over railway - 0.300 20+179 A PETROL Arieș river line in DJ 161B 12+500 Câmpia 2+200 (Turda) - Turzii, 9 DN 15 Mureș medium LUKOIL County 1 lane in condition border each , risk of 8+700 direction flooding by 7+856 – PECO 12+500 rainwate overpass Discharge A3 - 8.500 20+959 A r Inf. 300 culvert 21+000 accumul railway 12+000 ation line PETRO (Câmpia M Turzii – Cluj- 20+300 Napoca) Total 0.300 11.600 9.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 21.000 21.000 0+000 - 35.100 10+209 Căian V. bridge VG 0+300 PDC 35+100 0+050 - DN 1C level (Apahida) - 35+100 Rompet crossing Mureș Cămăraș V. 1 lane in - 2.100 16+415 A 0+400 PDC rolParte 401 10 DN 16 County bridge each 37+200 ner railway border direction 26+000 line, (Sărmășel 37+200 elastic Gară) Butucei V. - 2.350 25+856 A 0+550 PDC rubber bridge 39+550 pavers, 477 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 39+550 with half - 1.050 0+650 PDC barrier 40+600 6+800 DC 7+800 DC 10+500 DC 22+600 DC 27+600 PDC 36+300 PDC 38+100 DC 38+200 DC 39+190 DC 39+550 DC 40+250 DC Total 0.000 0.000 37.450 3.150 0.000 0.000 40.600 40.600 DN 1C limit 0+000 - Castanilor V. 2.600 4+650 G (Dej) - 2+600 bridge Rompet 1 lane in Bistrița- rolparte 11 DN 17 each Năsăud ner 2+600 - GărbăuDejului direction County 4.050 5+286 G 0+650 6+650 V. bridge border Total 0.000 4.050 2.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.650 6.650 58+342 Pleșei V. section - 6.306 60+750 G 58+650 PDC bridge 58+342 - 64+648 64+648 - 1 Maramureș PECO lane for County 16+648 Chiuieșt 12 DN 18B both border - DN - 15.414 61+002 Gura V. bridge G 58+750 PDC i directions; 1C (Cășeiu) 80+062 67+750 section 16+648 - Măgoaja V. 61+300 G 59+050 DC 80+062 - 1 bridge lane in 478 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Măgoaja V. each 62+551 G 59+250 PDC bridge direction Măgoaja V. 66+120 G 59+350 PDC bridge Strâmbului V. 68+310 A 59+850 PDC bridge 70+590 Bricii V. bridge B 59+950 PDC Leurdei V. 72+349 G 61+850 DC bridge Sălătrucului V. 72+909 G 64+450 DC bridge 74+690 Guga V. bridge A 67+050 DC 67+100 DC 73+750 DC 77+450 DC 79+650 DC Total 0.000 0.000 15.414 6.306 0.000 0.000 21.720 21.720 135+00 136+747; 0- 137+07 Ocolișelului V. 2.500 G 135+200 DC 137+50 2 bridge 137+269; 0 138+360; 137+50 Alba County 0- 143+55 Bridge 5.950 A 139+300 DC PECO 139+462; border 143+45 4 overIara river 1 lane in ANT 13 DN 75 (Vidolm) - 0 each 151+40 143+387; DN 1 (Mihai direction 0 Viteazu) 143+45 Bridge 144+408 0- 148+13 1.400 overBorzești A 141+900 DC 154+170 144+85 8 river (Bertiș) - - level 0 crossings , narrow- 150+07 Bridge over 144+85 4.850 G 143+950 DC gauge 9 Arieș river railways, 0- 479 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition 149+70 no 0 barriers 149+70 0- 160+60 11.900 Underpass A3 G 145+900 DC 161+60 0 0 Underpass 160+70 G 146+200 PDC 0 DN 1 147+400 PDC 151+000 DC 153+700 DC 154+000 DC 154+200 DC 156+900 DC 160+200 DC Total 0.000 14.400 0.000 12.200 0.000 0.000 26.600 26.600 DN 1 (Cluj- Napoca) - 1 lane in 0+000 - 14 VTCJ Fagului 2.453 2+050 DC each 2+453 Street (Cluj- direction Napoca) Total 0.000 0.000 2.453 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.453 2.453 0+000 - 23.664 0+000 DN 1 pass VG 23+664 DN 1 Vâlcele 1 lane in VOCE (DN (Vâlcele) - OMV 15 0+860 +Racilor V. VG each 1N) DN 1C 20+060 viaduct direction (Apahida) Overpass DC 3+840 VG 77 480 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Gheorgheni I 6+982 VG viaduct Gheorgheni II 7+812 VG viaduct Zăpodie V. 12+510 VG bridge Overpass DN 1C + 17+602 VG 300 railway line Bridge over 19+305 Someșu Mic VG river 22+214 Caldă V. bridge VG Total 0.000 23.664 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 23.664 23.664 B-dulMuncii (Cluj- 1 lane in 0+000 - 16 VOCNE Napoca) - 4.520 each 4+520 VOCE (Sub direction Coastă) Total 0.000 4.520 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.520 4.520 0+000 - Giurgău V. 5.047 0+957 VG 5+047 bridge DN 1C 1 lane in Zăpodie V. 17 VGH (Băița) - DN 2+168 VG each bridge 1C (Bunești) direction Bunești V. 4+400 VG bridge Total 0.000 5.047 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.047 5.047 DN 1N Bridge over 1 lane in (Apahida) - 0+000 - 18 VAP 1.225 0+450 Someșu Mic VG each DN 1C 1+225 river direction (Apahida) 481 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road Road with works Measured Overall Road Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Gas Level No. section in progress length length name lanes stations crossings name (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Positi Length Positi Length Cond Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) on (km) on (km) ition Total 0.000 1.225 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.225 1.225 Total 3.260 285.146 159.857 93.481 0.000 0.000 543.704 543.704 482 ANNEX 5. CONDITION OF THE COUNTY ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 13+200 - 12.570 15+880 Hidișului V. bridge A 13+550 DC 25+770 25+770 - Rachișului V. 1.730 16+400 P 13+700 DC 27+500 bridge 27+500 - 4.780 32+150 Overpass A3 VG 16+790 DC 32+280 32+280 - Bridge over Arieș 0.820 33+100 G 23+120 PDC 33+100 river 33+100 - 2.850 45+350 Overpass A3 VG 26+200 DC 35+950 35+950 - 3.930 48+370 Racilor V. bridge VG 26+450 DC 39+880 39+880 - Valea fărănume 1.370 64+450 P 33+350 PDC 41+250 bridge 41+250 - Valea fărănume 1 lane in 4.100 70+250 A 33+450 DC 45+350 bridge each direction, Alba County 45+350 - Bridge over Becaș except for 1 DJ 103G border - DN 1 3.020 71+040 A 34+570 DC ANT OIL 27+000 48+370 river the gravel (Cluj-Napoca) road + overlap 48+370 - with DN 0.530 35+950 DC 48+900 48+900 - 0.700 40+550 DC 49+600 49+600 - 17.350 40+650 DC 66+950 66+950 - 4.550 40+750 DC 71+500 71+500 - 1.950 46+850 DC 73+450 47+350 DC 55+900 DC 56+520 DC 56+850 PDC 483 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 57+150 PDC 57+500 DC 58+150 DC Total 0.000 32.800 10.950 16.500 0.000 0.000 60.250 61.207 0+000 - Bridge over Crișul 3.350 0+050 A 3+350 Repede river 3+350 - Bridge over 8.500 0+250 A 0+550 DC 11+850 Săcuieu river 0+080 11+850 - Valea fărănume 7.400 0+750 A Level 19+250 bridge crossing 300 railway line DN 1 (Bologa) - Valea fărănume (Cluj-Napoca 1+150 A 1 lane in There is no gas DJ 108 C bridge - Oradea), 2 DJ 103H each station on the (Scrind- concrete direction entire road Frăsinet) Valea fărănume slabs, no 1+350 A bridge barriers, with warning Bridge over lights, major 6+750 P risk of Săcuieu river accidents Bridge over 12+550 P Săcuieu river 12+850 Aluniș V. bridge A Total 0.000 0.000 10.750 8.500 0.000 0.000 19.250 19.250 DJ 103G - 1 lane in 0+000 - 3 DJ 103I Cheile Turzii 1.200 0+400 DC each 1+200 Chalet direction Total 0.000 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.200 1.400 1+500 - 0+000 - 5.000 1.500 1+300 Călata V. bridge VG 0+150 DC 6+500 1+500 1 lane in each Bridge over direction, 10+960 P 0+400 DC Săcuieu river DN 1R except for There is no gas (Sîncraiu) - 6+500 - Vișagului V. 13+250 - 4 DJ 103J 0.600 13+260 P 1+050 DC station on the Vlădeasa 7+100 bridge 20+200 - entire road Chalet narrowed 7+100 - Valea fărănume section 2.550 15+050 P 4+400 DC with a 9+650 bridge single lane 9+650 - 1.300 10+950 484 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 10+950 - 4.100 15+050 15+050 - 5.150 20+200 Total 0.000 5.000 1.500 6.000 7.700 0.000 20.200 20.200 0+000 - Valea fărănume 4.850 19+950 A 22+650 DC 4+850 bridge 4+850 - Bridge over 0.700 5+250 A 22+550 DC 5+550 Agârbiciu river 5+550 - Bridge over 8.600 4+850 A 22+450 DC 14+150 Agârbiciu river 14+150 - 14.800 22+350 DC 28+950 22+250 DC 22+150 PDC 21+350 DC 20+950 DC 20+450 PDC DN 1 (Căpușu 1 lane in 5 DJ 103K Mare) - DN 1R 20+050 DC each Gas station 18+600 (Beliș) direction 19+950 DC 19+750 DC 14+150 PDC 13+550 DC 12+150 DC 11+550 DC 10+750 DC 10+650 PDC 10+550 PDC 5+550 DC 3+550 DC 485 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 3+450 DC 2+250 DC 1+550 PDC 1+350 PDC 0+550 PDC 0+350 PDC Total 0.000 14.800 13.450 0.700 0.000 0.000 28.950 24.310 0+000 - Bridge over Căpuș 4.900 0+000 A 0+300 PDC 4+900 river DJ 108C 0+500 PDC 1 lane in 6 DJ 103L (Mănăstireni) - each DJ 103K (Râșca) direction 0+900 DC 3+300 DC Total 0.000 4.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.900 8.000 0+000 - 3.700 0+300 Racilor V. bridge P 0+350 DC 3+700 3+700 - Valea fărănume 2.500 3+800 A 1+900 DC 6+200 bridge 6+200 - Valea fărănume 1 lane in DN 1 (Vâlcele) - 1.980 6+200 A 3+500 PDC 7 DJ 103M 8+180 bridge each DJ 103G (Aiton) direction 4+350 DC 4+450 DC 4+680 DC Total 0.000 5.680 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.180 8.180 0+000 - 2+800 - level 2.800 0+140 DC crossing 300 2+800 railway line – DN 1 (Șaula) - 1 lane in concrete 8 DJ 103N Sălaj County each slabs, no border direction 2+400 DC barriers, major risk of accidents Total 0.000 0.000 2.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.800 2.800 486 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) DN 1 N 1 lane in 0+000 - 9 DJ 103T (Feleacu) - 2.450 each 2+450 DRTV (Feleacu) direction Total 0.000 2.450 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.450 2.450 0+000 - 2.200 0+200 DC 2+200 DN 1 (Cluj- 0+250 DC 1 lane in Napoca) - DJ 10 DJ 103U each 107R (Cluj- direction Napoca) 1+200 DC 1+600 DC Total 0.000 2.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.200 3.000 0+000 - 0.500 9+950 Underpass A3 VG 1+100 DC 0+500 0+500 - 3.500 11+700 Feneșu V. bridge P 1+300 DC 4+000 4+000 - 3.000 20+700 Underpass A3 VG 2+100 DC 7+000 7+000 - 2.600 3+700 DC Asphalt 9+600 section - 1 lane in 9+600 - each DJ 107P 4.400 3+900 DC 14+000 direction; There is no gas (Someșu Rece) 11 DJ 103V gravel + station on the - DJ 107L 14+000 - dirt entire road (Vălișoara) 2.300 5+800 DC 16+300 section - 1 lane for both 16+300 - 2.100 6+200 PDC directions 18+400 18+400 - 0.500 6+600 PDC 18+900 18+900 - 1.740 20+640 20+640 - 0.100 20+740 Total 0.000 2.800 7.000 5.600 5.340 0.000 20.740 21.075 0+000 - 0+000 - 1.400 3+000 Tăuți V. bridge P 1+450 DC 1+400 - 1 1+400 DN 1 (Florești) - lane in 12 DJ 105L Florești each Monastery 1+400 - direction; 2.100 1+400 - 3+500 3+500 - 1 lane for 487 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) both directions Total 0.000 0.000 1.400 2.100 0.000 0.000 3.500 3.500 0+000 - Bridge over Becaș 0.200 0+630 P 10+000 DC 0+200 river 0+200 - Bridge over 3.200 4+900 A 11+250 DC 3+400 Zăpodie river 3+400 - 0.480 11+750 DC 3+880 3+880 - 0.770 12+100 DC 4+650 1 lane in There is no gas DN 1C (Cluj- 13 DJ 105S each station on the Napoca) - Boju 4+650 - 0.350 12+300 DC direction entire road 5+000 5+000 - 3.100 12+600 DC 8+100 8+100 - 7.300 13+650 DC 15+400 14+300 DC 14+500 DC Total 0.000 0.480 13.800 1.120 0.000 0.000 15.400 15.200 0+000 - Valea fărănume 3.700 0+750 M 7+900 DC 3+700 bridge 1 lane in 3+700 - each 10.900 3+700 Popești V. bridge G 20+550 DC 14+600 direction, except for DN 1F (Cluj- There is no gas 14+600 - Cocoșului V. section 14 DJ 105T Napoca) - DN 0.200 20+450 A station on the 14+800 bridge 14+600 - 1F (Berindu) entire road 19+750 - 1 14+800 - Topa Mică V. lane for 4.950 21+650 VG both 19+750 bridge directions 19+750 - 2.000 21+750 Total 0.000 12.900 0.000 3.700 5.150 0.000 21.750 21.750 0+000 - 3.810 Alba County 3+810 1 lane in There is no gas 15 DJ 107F border (9+860) each station on the - DN 15 3+810 - direction entire road 0.700 4+510 488 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.700 3.810 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.510 4.510 0+000 - Bridge over Finișel 3.740 3+020 A 2+280 DC 3+740 river 3+740 - Bridge over Finișel 0.260 3+690 A 2+320 DC 4+000 river 4+000 - Bridge over Finișel 4.800 8+970 P 8+970 PDC 8+800 river Asphalt 8+800 - Bridge over Iara 2.150 15+450 A 9+500 PDC section - 1 10+950 river lane in DJ 107M each (Săvădisla) - 10+950 - Bridge over Iara direction; There is no gas 0.300 18+050 A 9+650 DC 16 DJ 107J Finișel - Valea 11+250 river gravel + station on the Ierii - Caps - dirt entire road Cerc 11+250 - section - 1 3.400 10+010 DC lane for 14+650 both directions 14+650 - 4.200 10+200 DC 18+850 18+850 - 3.300 10+530 PDC 22+150 10+720 DC 14+650 DC Total 0.000 4.200 7.040 3.660 7.250 0.000 22.150 19.148 0+000 - 0.500 3+350 Underpass A3 VG 2+300 DC 0+500 0+500 - Bridge over 1.350 12+550 A 8+300 DC 1+850 Hășdate river 1+850 - 12.450 14+950 Livezii V. bridge VG 8+400 DC 14+300 14+300 - Bridge over 1.000 15+300 VG 8+500 DC 1 lane in There is no gas DN 1 (Turda) - 15+300 Hășdate river 17 DJ 107L each station on the DJ 107M (Lita) direction entire road 15+300 - 7.600 19+500 Săliște V. bridge VG 13+500 DC 22+900 22+900 - 2.000 19+750 DC 24+900 24+900 - 5.600 29+250 DC 30+500 29+300 DC 489 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 29+450 DC Total 3.000 20.550 0.000 6.950 0.000 0.000 30.500 30.950 DN 1 (Luna de Sus) - 0+000 - intersection 21.300 3+400 Sărății V. bridge P 1+300 DC 21+300 with DJ 107R (Săcel) Overlap with DJ 21+300 - Bridge over Stolna 3.100 4+600 P 8+500 DC 107R 24+400 river Intersection 24+400 - Bridge over Feneș 8.400 6+700 P 10+800 DC with DJ 107R 32+800 river (Băișoara) - Intersection with DN 75 32+800 - Bridge over Feneș 5.900 8+500 P 11+000 DC (Buru) 38+700 river Overlap with 38+700 - Bridge over Feneș P+ 1.400 9+000 P 12+300 DN 75 40+100 river deaths Intersection with DN 75 40+100 - 3.000 9+100 Underpass A3 G 13+000 PDC (Buru) - Alba 43+100 County border 1 lane in There is no gas 18 DJ 107M Pleșcuței V. each station on the 10+000 P 15+300 DC bridge direction entire road Pleșcuței V. 11+400 A 18+600 DC bridge Bridge over 15+600 A 25+200 DC Hășdate river 28+600 Negrului V. bridge P 33+900 DC 32+800 Agrișului V. bridge A 34+100 DC Măgura Ierii V. 34+800 P 34+400 DC bridge Bridge over Arieș 40+150 A 37+200 DC river Bridge over 41+000 P 37+400 DC Rimetea river Bridge over 42+600 P 37+700 DC Rimetea river Total 24.400 0.000 5.900 9.800 3.000 0.000 43.100 42.000 490 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - Valea Seacă 14.100 33+100 G 34+400 DC 14+100 bridge 14+100 - 14.500 32+480 Brădet V. bridge G 34+300 DC 28+600 28+600 - Bridge over 7.600 31+700 A 30+600 DC 32+600 Someșu Rece river Bridge over 29+540 P 29+320 DC Someșu Rece river Bridge over Iara 0+000 VG 29+200 DC river 29+050 DC 28+450 DC 27+900 DC 26+400 DC Asphalt road 25+800 DC section - with 1 24+500 PDC lane in DJ 107M each There is no gas (Băișoara) - DJ 19 DJ 107N 23+800 DC direction; station on the 107P (Someșu gravel entire road Rece) road 22+200 DC section - 1 lane for 22+120 DC both directions 21+700 PDC 21+600 PDC 21+500 DC 21+400 PDC 21+000 DC 16+300 PDC 15+400 PDC 15+100 PDC 14+700 PDC 14+600 PDC 14+400 PDC 491 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 14+200 DC 13+000 DC 11+200 DC 10+000 DC 9+350 DC 9+250 DC 9+150 DC 9+050 DC 8+900 DC 8+700 DC 8+600 DC 8+450 DC 6+200 DC 5+200 DC 4+800 DC 2+100 DC 0+200 DC Total 0.000 0.000 21.700 14.500 0.000 0.000 36.200 36.200 DN 1 (Gilău) - intersection 0+000 - 3.800 with DJ 107N 3+800 (Someșu Rece) 3+800 - Bridge over 19.800 3+900 A 8+400 DC 23+600 Someșu Rece river 23+600 - Bridge over 1 lane in There is no gas 1.000 4+300 A 11+100 DC 20 DJ 107P Intersection 24+600 Someșu Cald river each station on the with DJ 107N direction entire road (Someșu Rece) 24+600 - 8.500 4+900 Someșu Cald dam P 11+300 PDC - Intersection 33+100 with DJ 107T (Mărișel) 33+100 - Bridge over 0.800 8+000 A 12+600 DC 33+900 Someșu Cald river 33+900 - 1.100 9+500 Tarnița dam P 13+500 DC 35+000 492 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 35+000 - Bridge over 2.600 10+400 P 13+700 DC 37+600 Tarnița Lake Intersection with DJ 107T 37+600 - Valea fărănume (Mărișel) - 4.600 12+900 A 14+200 PDC 42+200 bridge intersection with DN 1R (Beliș- 42+200 - Valea fărănume 0.100 15+300 A 14+600 PDC Fântânele 42+300 bridge reservoir) 42+300 - Valea fărănume 1.960 17+900 A 15+300 DC 44+260 bridge 23+600 Leșului V. bridge P 17+300 DC Valea fărănume 24+300 P 18+300 DC bridge Valea fărănume 25+400 P 22+900 DC bridge Valea fărănume 26+400 A 27+400 DC bridge 28+500 PDC 29+200 PDC 31+000 DC 32+700 DC Total 23.600 6.560 0.000 3.700 10.400 0.000 44.260 44.260 DN1 - drumul Sf. Ioan 0+000 - (overlap with 0.500 17+700 Sălicea V. bridge P 5+100 DC 0+500 Bucium Street, Cluj-Napoca) Drumul Sf. Ioan 1 lane in - intersection each 0+500 - Bridge over with Primăverii 6.900 24+050 A 8+100 DC direction, 7+400 Hășdate river Street - DJ except 21 DJ 107R 103U 0+000 - 0+500 - 2 Intersection lanes in 6+900 - each with DJ 103U - 15.100 26+800 Filea V. bridge G 12+200 DC 22+000 direction DJ 107L There is no gas Intersection station on the with DJ 107L - entire road 22+000 - DJ 107R - 1.800 28+900 Filea V. bridge A 15+000 PDC 23+800 Overlap with DJ 107L 493 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Intersection 23+800 - with DJ 107R - 5.700 19+000 PDC 29+500 Filea de Sus Filea de Sus - DJ 107M - 29+500 - 1.700 26+700 PDC overlap with DJ 31+200 107M DJ 107M - 31+200 - 3.100 Băișoara 34+300 34+300 - 10.200 44+500 Băișoara - 44+500 - Muntele 7.800 52+300 Băișorii resort 52+300 - 0.700 53+000 Total 4.900 37.900 8.300 0.000 2.400 0.000 53.500 58.650 0+000 - Râșca Mare V. 11.000 0+100 A 4+500 DC 11+000 bridge Valea fărănume 1+550 A 4+700 DC bridge Bridge over 2+600 A 6+200 DC Someșu Rece river DJ 107N (Gura 1 lane in There is no gas Râșca) - DJ Bridge over 22 DJ 107S 5+550 A 6+500 DC each station on the 107T (Măguri Someșu Rece river direction entire road Răcătău) 6+690 PDC 7+800 DC 8+250 DC 8+450 DC Total 0.000 0.000 11.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 11.000 11.000 0+000 - 1.100 6+400 PDC 1+100 DJ 107P 1+100 - 6.450 6+890 PDC (Mărișel) - 7+550 1 lane for There is no gas 23 DJ 107T Măguri both station on the Răcătău - Alba 7+550 - directions entire road County border 3.640 8+170 PDC 11+190 11+190 - 2.650 8+320 PDC 13+840 494 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 13+840 - 7.050 8+450 PDC 20+890 20+890 - 25.110 8+640 PDC 46+000 8+770 PDC 8+930 PDC 9+210 PDC 9+640 PDC Total 0.000 0.000 3.750 0.000 13.500 28.750 46.000 46.000 0+000 - 2.000 0+200 Dude V. bridge A 2+000 DC 2+000 DN 1 (Ciucea) - 1 lane in 2+000 - 24 DJ 108A Vânători - Sălaj 1.000 4+800 Poicu V. bridge G 3+400 DC each 3+000 County border direction 3+000 - 4.400 5+700 Poicu V. bridge B 7+400 Total 0.000 6.400 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.400 7.400 Sălaj County border 21+200 - (21+200) - 3.700 24+900 intersection with DJ 109 Overlap with DJ 24+900 - 0.300 109A 25+200 25+200 - 28.800 28+500 Pustuța V. bridge P 27+200 DC 54+000 Valea fărănume 1 lane in There is no gas 30+300 VG 27+400 DC 25 DJ 108B bridge each station on the direction entire road 35+300 Pruni V. bridge VG 28+100 PDC Intersection with DJ 109A Dobrichii V. (DealuJurcii) - 38+800 VG 36+900 DC bridge Dej built-up area border Răzbuneni V. 40+400 VG bridge Fundăturii V. 42+300 VG bridge 49+100 Sălciua V. bridge VG 495 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Bridge over Olpret 51+100 VG river Valea fărănume 53+600 VG bridge Dej built-up area border - 54+000 - Bridge over Jichiș Intersection 1.100 55+100 VG 55+100 river with DN 1C (Dej) Total 0.000 32.800 1.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 33.900 33.200 0+030 - level crossing 300 railway line – DN 1 (Bucea) - 1 lane in There is no gas 0+000 - concrete 26 DJ 108I Bihor County 0.700 each station on the 0+700 slabs, no border direction entire road barriers, major risk of accidents Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.700 DN 1J (Gârbău) 0+000 - - DJ 763 1.700 1+800 Gârboel V. bridge P 9+050 DC 1+700 (DodaPilii) Intersection with DC 140 - 1+700 - 3.500 6+850 Enucu V. bridge A 11+700 DC intersection 5+200 with DC 142A Intersection with DC 142A - 5+200 - Bridge over Nadăș 1.600 12+100 A 14+100 DC DC 138 6+800 river 0+200 - non- (Aghireșu) functioning industrial Intersection railway level with DC 138 - 6+800 - Bridge over Nadăș 1 lane in 0.200 14+200 A 16+000 DC Rompetrolpartener crossing, 27 DJ 108C intersection 7+000 river each Express 8+000 concrete with DC 140A direction slabs, no barriers, no Intersection warning with DC 140A - 7+000 - lights 5.500 16+050 Leghia V. bridge A 16+100 DC intersection 12+500 with DJ 108N 12+500 - Intersection 5.000 35+300 Călatei V. bridge G 16+900 DC 17+500 with DJ 108N - intersection with DN 1 17+500 - 4.700 36+000 Călatei V. bridge P 19+900 PDC 22+200 Overlap with 22+200 - 0.800 36+200 Călatei V. bridge A 20+200 PDC DN 1 23+000 496 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Intersection 23+000 - with DN 1 - DC 3.800 39+100 Călatei V. bridge G 20+800 PDC 26+800 115 Intersection with DC 115 - 26+800 - Bridge over 0.800 39+900 A 21+000 PDC intersection 27+600 Săcuieu river with DC 116 Intersection with DC 116 - 27+600 - 4.100 42+100 Bociu V. bridge P 21+100 DC intersection 31+700 with DC 117 Intersection with DC 117 - 31+700 - 8.400 42+500 Bociu V. bridge A 21+300 DC Intersection 40+100 with DN 1R Overlap with 40+100 - Mărgăului V. 0.900 46+800 P 28+700 DC DN 1R 41+000 bridge Intersection 41+000 - Podișorului V. 1.100 48+000 P 28+750 DC with DN 1R - 42+100 bridge Intersection with the Bridal Veil Falls 42+100 - Bridge over 16.000 52+600 P 29+350 DC tourist route 58+100 Săcuieu river 58+100 - 9.900 53+300 Cetății V. bridge P 30+000 DC 68+000 Intersection with the Bridal 68+000 - Veil Falls 6.000 54+600 Săcuieu V. bridge P 32+500 DC 74+000 tourist route - DodaPilii 74+000 - Răchițele V. 0.600 58+250 G 33+500 DC 74+600 bridge Răchițele V. 60+100 VG 33+700 DC bridge Răchițele V. 60+500 VG 46+200 DC bridge Răchițele V. 60+800 VG 46+500 DC bridge Prislopului V. 67+600 VG 51+700 PDC bridge 73+900 Firii V. bridge VG 62+900 PDC 63+200 PDC 65+200 PDC 1 lane for both 67+000 PDC directions 497 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 67+600 PDC 70+200 DC 73+900 DC 74+300 PDC Total 0.000 34.700 39.000 0.900 0.000 0.000 74.600 84.376 0+000 - 1.040 1+640 DC Bihor County 1+040 border 1 lane in There is no gas 28 DJ 108K (26+455) - DJ 1+040 - each station on the 2.000 2+140 DC 764 (Drăgan- 3+040 direction entire road Floroiu dam) 2+340 DC Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.040 2.000 3.040 3.040 0+400 - level crossing 300 DJ 108C 1 lane in There is no gas railway line, (Aghireșu) - 0+000 - 29 DJ 108N 2.700 each station on the uncontrolled, Sălaj County 2+700 direction entire road no barriers, border major risk of accidents Total 2.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.700 2.800 0+000 - Muncelului V. 32.670 27+770 P 32+670 bridge 26+120 Rece V. bridge A 25+220 Dorna V. bridge P DN 1C 23+020 Fodora V. bridge A 1 lane in There is no gas (Răscruci) - 30 DJ 109 each station on the Sălaj County Fundăturii V. 20+620 VG direction entire road border bridge 14+020 Chidea V. bridge A 12+170 Bădești V. bridge P Valea fărănume 10+370 P bridge Total 32.670 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 32.670 32.670 DN 1F (Cluj- 0+ 000 - There is no gas Napoca - 0+000 - Valea Chintenilor 1+900 - 31 DJ 109A 5.700 5+700 A station on the Giordano 5+700 bridge section entire road Bruno Street) - with 1 Valea lane in 498 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Chintenilor each bridge direction; 1+900 - 2+700 - section Valea with 2 Chintăului lanes in bridge - Cluj- 5+700 - Valea Chintenilor each 3.800 9+500 A Napoca 9+500 bridge direction; administrative 2+ 700 - border 5+700 - section 9+500 - with 1 17.600 22+700 Șoimeni V. bridge A 16+900 DC 27+100 lane in each 23+800 Șoimeni V. bridge A 17+600 DC direction; Cluj-Napoca section administrative with 1 border - 26+300 Șoimeni V. bridge A 20+300 DC lane in Intersection each with DJ 109 Bridge over Borșa 26+800 A 21+590 DC direction (Vultureni) - river (5+700 - 9+500 - 27+100 48+600); 21+900 DC section with 1 22+600 DC lane for both directions 27+100 - 10.800 30+790 PDC (48+600 - 37+900 56+200) 36+780 Clujului V. bridge A 30+900 PDC Intersection PDC + with DJ 109 31+400 casualties (Vultureni) - Intersection 31+600 PDC with DJ 161 (Panticeu) 31+700 PDC 35+400 DC 35+800 DC 37+900 - 10.400 38+100 Panticeu V. bridge P 43+300 DC 48+300 38+700 Elciu V. bridge A 47+500 PDC Intersection with DJ 161 Recea-Cristur V. (Panticeu) - 43+180 A bridge intersection with DJ 108B (DealuJurcii) Recea-Cristur V. 43+300 A bridge Valea fărănume 45+600 P bridge 499 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Overlap with DJ 48+300 - Căprioara V. 0.300 46+600 A 108B 48+600 bridge 48+600 - 7.600 56+200 Intersection 52+200 Escu V. bridge P with DJ 108B - Ciubanca built- Ciubanca V. up area border 52+600 A bridge Valea fărănume 55+200 P bridge Ciubanca built- up area border 56+200 - Ciubanca V. 1.100 55+700 A - Sălaj County 57+300 bridge border Total 21.200 17.900 13.300 3.800 1.100 0.000 57.300 57.300 0+000 - 19+300 - Valea fărănume 19.300 10.700 6+800 VG 1+150 DC 19+300 30+000 bridge 9+100 Lujerdiu V. bridge G 1+250 DC Valea fărănume 15+650 G 1+500 DC bridge Valea fărănume 20+200 A 1+600 DC bridge 27+100 Vâlcele V. bridge A 6+450 DC 0+000 - 24+000 - segment 28+750 Antăș V. bridge A 10+190 PDC with 1 DN 1C lane in 29 + 990 Pustuța V. bridge A 10+350 DC There is no gas (Fundătura) - each 32 DJ 109B station on the DJ 108B direction; entire road (Oșorhel) 10+450 DC 24+000 - 30+000 - 12+350 DC segment with 1 lane 12+590 DC 14+500 DC 15+700 DC 24+500 PDC 25+050 PDC 25+400 PDC Total 0.000 19.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 10.700 30.000 30.000 500 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - Bridge over 4.100 0+700 VG 22+590 DC 4+100 Someșu Mic river 4+100 - Bridge over Fizeș 1.490 2+000 A 5+590 river 4+840 - level 5+590 - Bridge over Fizeș crossing 401 38.300 14+290 A 43+890 river railway line - DN 1C 1 lane in There is no gas no barriers, 33 DJ 109C (Bunești) - DN 28+590 Puini V. bridge A each station on the concrete 16 (Cămărașu) direction entire road slabs, with Valea fărănume warning 30+690 G lights, risk of bridge accidents Bridge over Fizeș 35+590 A river Valea fărănume 37+790 A bridge Total 0.000 42.400 1.490 0.000 0.000 0.000 43.890 39.200 0+000 - Valea fărănume 10.300 9+250 A 0+950 DC 10+300 bridge 10+300 - Valea fărănume 3.070 13+370 G 3+500 DC 13+370 bridge 13+370 - Bridge over 1.730 28+700 A 3+600 DC 15+100 Gădălin river 15+100 - Bridge over 8.400 31+500 VG 4+000 DC 23+500 Someșu Mic river 23+500 - 33+800 - 1.850 4+850 DC 25+350 level crossing 401 railway DJ 109C 25+350 - line – elastic 1.450 5+050 DC 1 lane in There is no gas (Gherla) - DN 26+800 rubber 34 DJ 109D each station on the 1C (Juc- pavers, with direction entire road Herghelie) warning 26+800 - 1.700 8+000 DC lights, no 28+500 barriers, risk of accidents 28+500 - 5.350 9+350 DC 33+850 9+500 DC 9+850 DC 10+050 DC 12+550 PDC 12+650 PDC 501 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 13+050 DC 13+100 DC 15+700 DC 15+800 DC 16+520 DC 18+200 DC 19+350 DC 19+790 DC 19+850 DC 20+400 DC 20+500 DC 22+050 DC 22+550 PDC 23+300 PDC 23+500 PDC 24+900 DC 25+350 DC 32+600 DC 32+800 DC Total 0.000 20.150 7.080 4.920 1.700 0.000 33.850 34.120 0+000 - Bridge over Olpret 0.450 0+450 A 2+300 DC 0+450 river 0+450 - 1.300 11+900 Vadului V. bridge A 5+200 DC 1+750 DJ 108B (Dej) - 1 lane in 35 DJ 109E Sălaj County 1+750 - Valea Groșilor each 12.750 12+850 A 5+600 DC border 14+500 bridge direction There is no gas station on the 14+500 - Ciocmani V. entire road 2.500 17+000 G 6+350 DC 17+000 bridge 502 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 2.500 12.750 1.300 0.450 0.000 17.000 17.000 0+000 - 1.620 13+920 Borșa V. bridge A 1+620 1+620 - 10.900 DJ 109A 12+520 1 lane in There is no gas 36 DJ 109S (Vechea) - DJ each station on the 109 (Borșa) 12+520 - direction entire road 1.100 13+620 13+620 - 0.700 14+320 Total 0.000 0.000 1.100 13.220 0.000 0.000 14.320 14.320 0+000 - 1.850 1+850 DC 0+000 - 1+850 1+850 - 1 lane in DJ 109D 1+850 - each 1.010 1+900 PDC There is no gas (Nicula) - 2+860 direction; 37 DJ 109T station on the Nicula 1+850 - entire road Monastery 2+000 PDC 2+860 - 1 lane for both 2+200 PDC directions Total 0.000 1.850 1.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.860 2.860 0+000 - 6.600 15+350 Giula V. bridge G 0+150 DC 6+600 6+600 - 4.850 0+400 PDC 11+450 11+450 - 1.750 0+600 DC 13+200 13+200 - 2.190 0+700 DC 15+390 DJ 109A (Cluj- 1 lane in There is no gas 38 DJ 109V Napoca) - DJ 1+600 PDC each station on the 109S (Giula) direction entire road 2+400 PDC 2+700 PDC 4+700 PDC 5+100 DC 7+500 PDC 7+900 DC 503 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 8+000 DC 9+200 DC 9+350 PDC Total 0.000 4.850 8.790 1.750 0.000 0.000 15.390 15.390 0+000 - 1.300 0+500 Bridge over sewer G 1+900 DC 1+300 1+300 - Bridge over Arieș 9.700 1+300 A 5+000 DC 11+000 river 11+000 - Valea Largă 3.000 1+840 A 7+900 DC 14+000 bridge 14+000 - Valea Largă 1.100 17+300 A 13+800 DC 15+100 bridge 15+100 - Valea Fânațului 2.200 18+700 A 13+900 DC 17+300 bridge 17+300 - Valea Largă 7.600 19+850 P 16+700 DC 24+900 bridge Asphalt 24+900 - Valea fărănume 8.300 34+250 A 16+800 DC road 33+200 bridge section - 1 lane in 33+200 - Valea fărănume each PETROM 0+450 DN 15 (Câmpia 7.500 35+400 P 17+200 DC 40+700 bridge direction; 39 DJ 150 Turzii) - DJ gravel and Gas station under 161G (Pălatca) 40+700 - dirt road construction 8+000 2.900 20+850 DC 43+600 section - 1 lane for 43+600 - both 4.400 20+900 PDC directions 48+000 48+000 - 0.100 22+750 DC 48+100 48+100 - 2.850 23+450 PDC 50+950 50+950 - 0.300 23+760 PDC 51+250 24+900 DC 28+300 DC 31+300 DC 47+180 PDC 504 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 19.100 18.500 13.650 0.000 51.250 49.580 DN 15 (Luna) - 1 lane in 0+000 - 40 DJ 150A RoAF 71st Air 3.160 each 3+160 Base direction Total 0.000 3.160 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.160 3.160 12+500 - 10.200 13+500 DC 22+700 19+200 DC 17+850 PDC 17+990 PDC 18+390 PDC 18+570 PDC 18+980 PDC 1 lane in TREETEN 17+490 Mureș County 41 DJ 151C each border - DJ 150 19+200 DC direction 19+800 PDC 20+000 PDC 20+200 PDC 20+470 DC 21+300 DC 21+450 PDC 21+500 DC Total 0.000 10.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 10.200 10.200 0+000 - Valea fărănume 6.000 1+700 A 31+000 DC 6+000 bridge 6+000 - Valea fărănume 16+950 - 1.600 1+900 A 31+100 DC level crossing 7+600 bridge 401 railway DN 16 (Căianu 1 lane in There is no gas line, Vamă) - Sălaj 7+600 - Valea Gădălinului 42 DJ 161 4.500 2+000 A 31+200 DC each station on the concrete County border 12+100 bridge direction entire road slabs, no (Sărata) barriers, high 12+100 - risk of 4.900 5+900 Vișea V. bridge A 32+100 DC 17+000 accidents 17+000 - Bridge over 1.600 13+500 P 18+600 Gădălin river 505 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 18+600 - Bridge over 3.400 14+800 A 22+000 CanalulMorii 22+000 - Bridge over 7.700 15+000 P 29+700 Someșu Mic river 29+700 - Valea fărănume 12.050 28+100 P 41+750 bridge 41+750 - Valea fărănume 1.150 30+600 A 42+900 bridge 42+900 - 0.500 32+750 Lonea V. bridge A 43+400 43+400 - Panticeului V. 3.400 42+900 G 46+800 bridge 46+800 + Valea fărănume 4.580 48+700 A 51+380 bridge Total 4.500 14.150 4.550 12.600 5.000 10.580 51.380 49.780 0+000 - Mălăroiu V. 7.000 0+680 A 2+700 DC 7+000 bridge 7+000 - 0.500 10+050 Cojocna V. bridge P 3+300 DC 7+500 7+500 - Valea fărănume 0.700 10+600 A 6+800 DC 8+200 bridge 0+110 - level 8+200 - crossing 300 1.500 10+900 Rojutu V. bridge A 8+000 PDC 9+700 railway line, with warning 9+700 - Valea fărănume lights, 0.900 29+700 A 8+500 DC 10+600 bridge concrete slabs, no DN 1C 10+600 - barriers, risk 0.400 8+700 DC 1 lane in There is no gas (Apahida) - DJ 11+000 of accidents; 43 DJ 161A each station on the 150 (Ceanu 0+300 - level direction entire road Mare) crossing 401 11+000 - railway line, 4.250 10+000 DC 15+250 with warning lights, 15+250 - concrete 1.650 12+200 DC 16+900 slabs, no barriers, risk 16+900 - of accidents 6.100 15+250 DC 23+000 23+000 - 7.200 16+900 DC 30+200 22+100 DC 24+500 DC 506 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 27+600 DC 27+900 PDC Total 0.000 7.200 15.650 6.250 1.100 0.000 30.200 29.800 0+000 - Bridge over Arieș 1.300 30+100 G 11+600 DC 1+300 river 1+300 - 11+900 - 3.900 35+000 Underpass A3 VG 12+080 DC level crossing 5+200 300 railway line, uphill, 5+200 - concrete 4.800 14+100 DC 10+000 slabs, no barriers, with 10+000 - signals, risk 1.000 14+300 DC 11+000 of accidents; 30+500 - 11+000 - level crossing 0.950 15+600 PDC 309 railway 11+950 line (Câmpia Turzii - 11+950 - 0+000 - 2.150 20+350 DC Turda) – 14+100 11+950 - concrete section slabs, no 14+100 - with 1 12.800 22+400 DC barriers and 26+900 lane for no signals, both DJ 161A (Ceanu There is no gas risk of directions; 44 DJ 161B Mare) - DC 68A 26+900 - station on the accidents; 2.350 24+100 PDC 11+950 - (Călărași Gară) 29+250 entire road 30+750 - 46+500 - industrial section 29+250 - railway level 0.750 24+200 PDC with 1 30+000 crossing, lane in concrete each slabs, no 30+000 - direction 0.450 26+300 PDC barriers, with 30+450 warning lights, risk of 30+450 - accidents; 1.750 27+700 DC 32+200 46+100 - level crossing 32+200 - 300 railway 0.800 27+900 DC line – 33+000 concrete 33+000 - slabs, no 0.700 37+500 PDC barriers, with 33+700 warning lights, risk of 33+700 - accidents 12.800 40+000 DC 46+500 42+700 DC Total 0.000 12.800 5.700 22.200 5.800 0.000 46.500 45.980 DN 1C (Iclod) - 0+000 - Valea Mărului 1 lane in 45 DJ 161C 1.300 5+250 P 8+600 DC DN 1C (Dej) 1+300 bridge each direction, 507 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 1+300 - Valea Mărului except for 2.900 8+700 A 8+880 DC 4+200 bridge section 31+800 - 4+200 - Valea Mărului 32+150 - 2 0.600 11+250 A 12+200 DC lanes in 4+800 bridge each direction 4+800 - Valea Mărului 1.160 12+350 P 14+800 DC 5+960 bridge 5+960 - 1.140 12+900 Corneni V. bridge A 21+150 DC 7+100 7+100 - Valea fărănume 6.000 27+050 VG 22+550 DC 13+100 bridge 13+100 - Valea fărănume 0.300 27+550 G 13+400 bridge There is no gas station on the 13+400 - Valea Sărată entire road 1.700 28+450 G 15+100 bridge 15+100 - Bridge over Jichiș 2.950 31+850 G 18+050 river 18+050 - Bridge over Jichiș 7.100 32+000 G 25+150 river 25+150 - 2.200 27+350 27+350 - 4.000 31+350 31+350 - 1.100 32+450 Total 0.000 8.200 1.100 9.740 9.000 4.410 32.450 26.300 0+000 - 1 lane in 5.000 6+100 Jichiș V. bridge A 0+500 DC 5+000 each direction, 5+000 - except 3.500 6+800 Jichiș V. bridge A 0+650 PDC for: 8+500 section 17+190 - 15+070 - level crossing 8+500 - Valea Sărată 5.950 17+970 A 0+750 PDC 17+170 - 2 There is no gas 401 railway DC 174 (Jichișu 14+450 bridge 46 DJ 161D lanes in station on the line – elastic de Sus) - Dej each entire road rubber Bridge over direction; pavers, with 18+170 A 1+100 PDC Someșu Mic river section half barriers 40+350 - Bridge over the 46+450 - 1 Dej hydropower lane for 18+570 A 1+400 DC plant water both delivery canal directions 508 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Bridge over 19+270 A 1+500 PDC Ungurașului river Bridge over 24+320 P 1+590 DC Ungurașului river 25+070 Beliorii V. bridge A 1+800 DC 14+450 - Bridge over 0.620 25+320 A 24+320 DC 15+070 Ungurașului river Intersection with DN 1C - 15+070 - Valea fărănume 2.100 26+410 A 24+450 DC Intersection 17+170 bridge with 172F 17+170 - Bridge over 1.400 27+770 A 25+270 DC 18+570 Ungurașului river Overlap with DJ 18+570 - Bridge over 0.850 28+920 A 30+270 DC 172F 19+420 Ungurașului river 19+420 - 20.930 30+270 Cotior V. bridge A 33+670 DC 40+350 DJ 172F - Valea 40+350 - Valea fărănume 0.100 31+400 A 33+720 DC Ungurașului 40+450 bridge 40+450 - Bridge over 2.600 32+490 G 34+920 DC 43+050 Ungurașului river 43+050 - 0.300 35+370 Batin V. bridge G 35+070 DC 43+350 43+350 - Bridge over 3.100 38+090 G 37+290 DC 46+450 Ungurașului river 46+450 - 7.900 39+990 Bandău V. bridge VG 39+370 DC 54+350 54+350 - Valea fărănume 2.300 52+450 A 53+550 DC 56+650 bridge Ceaba – DJ 161E 52+550 Bocșig V. bridge A 53+850 DC (Târgușor) 55+450 DC 56+750 PDC 57+000 DC 57+250 DC 57+350 DC 57+400 DC 509 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 57+500 PDC 57+650 DC 57+750 DC 64+900 DC Total 0.000 36.200 14.350 3.500 0.000 2.600 56.650 55.691 0+000 - Târgușorului V. 1.600 0+020 A 5+600 DC 1+600 bridge 1+600 - 0.800 2+400 Crăiesei V. bridge A 6+400 PDC 2+400 2+400 - 0.700 3+100 3+100 - 1.200 4+300 4+300 - 1.100 5+400 5+400 - 0.700 6+100 1 lane in each 6+100 - direction, 2.130 except for DJ 161D 8+230 There is no gas section 47 DJ 161E (Târgușor) - DJ station on the 5+400 - 109C (Hodaie) 8+230 - entire road 8.100 26+190 Cătinii V. bridge A 11+120 PDC 8+230 - 1 16+330 lane for both 16+330 - Bridge over Fizeș directions 5.900 28+660 A 11+620 DC 22+230 river 22+230 - 2.000 14+190 PDC 24+230 24+230 - 2.010 17+330 DC 26+240 26+240 - 2.500 17+730 DC 28+740 20+430 PDC 21+530 PDC 21+930 DC Total 0.000 2.010 16.000 8.600 0.000 2.130 28.740 27.510 510 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) DJ 161E (Valea 1 lane in 0+000 - 48 DJ 161F Caldă) - DC 22 1.500 each 1+500 (Cătina) direction Total 0.000 0.000 1.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.500 1.500 0+000 - 4.380 1+110 Chiriș V. bridge P 1+100 DC 4+380 4+380 - Valea fărănume 0.820 15+100 A 5+500 DC 5+200 bridge 5+200 - VaidaCămăraș V. 8.980 16+000 A 6+400 DC 14+180 bridge 14+180 - Valea fărănume 1.020 16+800 A 9+800 DC 1 lane in 15+200 bridge each direction, 15+200 - except for 1.200 10+050 DC 16+400 the last section of DJ 109C There is no gas 16+400 - gravel 49 DJ 161G (Sucutard) - 1.000 11+880 DC station on the 17+400 road, Căianu entire road where 17+400 - there is 1.200 12+000 DC only 1 18+600 lane for both 18+600 - 1.200 12+700 PDC directions 19+800 19+800 - 1.800 13+750 DC 21+600 21+600 - 0.400 16+800 DC 22+000 22+000 - 1.106 18+500 DC 23+106 Total 0.000 0.000 11.380 8.600 3.126 0.000 23.106 23.106 0+000 - Ghirișului V. 4.000 0+100 VG 2+300 DC 4+000 bridge 1 lane in STRICT PREST DN 16 - DC 48 Valea de 50 DJ 161H each (Suatu) 2+300 dupăPădure VG direction 0+030 bridge 3+150 Suatu V. bridge VG Total 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 511 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 0+000 - 0+000 - 3+500 - 0.900 section 0+900 with 1 lane in each DN 16 (Zorenii direction, 51 DJ 161J de Vale) - DJ except for 109C (Geaca) section 0+900 - 3+500 - 6.400 7+300 7+300 - 1 lane for both directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.400 0.900 0.000 7.300 7.100 0+000 - 2.100 16+450 Imbuz V. bridge G 5+400 DC 2+100 2+100 - 3.490 20+900 Chiriș V. bridge A 6+900 DC 5+590 5+590 - 1.060 8+180 DC 6+650 DN 16 (Căianu 6+650 - 1 lane in There is no gas 52 DJ 161K Vamă) - DJ 8.050 13+550 PDC each station on the 14+700 161G (Chiriș) direction entire road 14+700 - 6.200 14+600 PDC 20+900 15+930 DC 16+350 PDC 16+500 DC Total 0.000 7.260 11.540 2.100 0.000 0.000 20.900 20.120 0+000 - 6.400 DN 1F (Topa 6+400 1 lane for There is no gas 53 DJ 170B Mică) - DJ 109 both station on the (Așchileu Mic) 6+400 – directions entire road 1.600 8+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.000 0.000 8.000 8.000 33+000 - Bridge over Fizeș 3.300 39+250 A 35+000 DC 36+300 river Bistrița-Năsăud 1 lane in County border 36+300 - 54 DJ 172A 0.800 each - DJ 109C 37+100 direction (Țaga) 37+100 - 2.300 39+400 512 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.300 0.800 2.300 6.400 6.400 0+000 - Bridge over 2.420 0+160 A 6+400 DC 2+420 Someșu Mic river 2+420 - 0.300 0+890 Bridge over sewer A 17+960 PDC 2+720 2+720 - Bridge over Fizeș 1.400 4+540 A 19+820 DC 4+120 river 4+190 - level 4+120 - Salatiului V. crossing 401 11.400 12+560 A 20+290 DC railway line – DN 1C (Gherla) 15+520 bridge 1 lane in concrete - Bistrița- 55 DJ 172F each PETROM 0+650 slabs, no Năsăud County 15+520 - Mănăstirea V. 0.850 13+800 A 21+150 DC direction barriers, with border 16+370 bridge warning lights, risk of 16+370 - Bridge over accidents 9.840 16+290 P 23+600 DC 26+210 Ungurașului river Șuștereiu V. 21+060 A 23+700 DC bridge 23+660 Bridge over sewer G 24+300 DC Total 0.000 14.120 12.090 0.000 0.000 0.000 26.210 22.570 0+000 - Valea luiOpriș 7.000 2+700 VG 1+100 DC 7+000 bridge DN 18B 1 lane in (Chiuiești) - Valea Cășeielului 56 DJ 182E 6+070 P each Cășiel bridge direction Monastery Valea Cășeielului 6+350 VG bridge Total 0.000 0.000 7.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.000 7.000 0+000 - 0.800 0+800 1 lane for 0+800 - both 5.650 11+050 Sălătruc V. bridge A 3+400 DC directions, DN 17 6+450 except for (Cuzdrioara) - 57 DJ 182F 0+000 - DN 18B 6+450 - 4.950 8+600 DC 0+800 - 1 There is no gas (Rugășești) 11+400 lane in station on the each entire road 8+900 DC direction 9+100 PDC Total 0.000 0.000 0.800 5.650 4.950 0.000 11.400 9.980 513 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Measured Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level No. Road name progress Gas stations length length name lanes crossings (km) (km) Length Length Length Length Length Length Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Watercourse Condition Position Type (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) 31+310 - Bridge over 4.470 31+310 P 35+050 DC 35+780 Oșteana river Sălaj County 34+200 DC 1 lane in There is no gas border - DJ 58 DJ 191D each station on the 108A 33+100 DC direction entire road (Vânători) 32+800 DC 32+000 DC Total 0.000 4.470 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.470 4.470 1 lane in 32+760 - Bridge over each 6.400 39+550 VG 40+100 DC 39+160 Someșu Cald river direction, except for Bihor County (39+150 - There is no gas border - DJ 59 DJ 763 40+500; station on the 108C 42+050 - entire road (DodaPilii) 39+160 - 43+260) - 4.100 43+260 1 lane for both directions Total 0.000 0.000 4.100 0.000 0.000 6.400 10.500 10.500 0+000 - Bridge over Crișul 16.000 0+150 P 20+700 PDC 16+000 Repede river 16+000 - Valea Lazului de 1.400 5+380 A 21+300 DC 17+400 Sus bridge 17+400 - Bridge over 0+050 - level DN 1 - Valea 0.400 7+300 A 21+800 DC crossing 300 17+800 Drăgan river 1 lane in There is no gas Drăganului - railway line, 60 DJ 764B each station on the LuncaVișagului with barrier, 17+800 - Bridge over direction entire road – DJ 108K 4.800 19+590 A 21+900 DC concrete 22+600 Drăgan river slabs 23+300 DC 23+500 DC 23+800 DC Total 0.000 0.000 0.400 4.800 16.000 1.400 22.600 22.600 Total 117.670 464.850 333.720 221.660 127.356 71.270 1336.526 1324.763 514 ANNEX 6. CONDITION OF THE COMMUNAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+300 PDC 1 lane for 0+000 - 1 DC 1 DN 1C - Muncel 3.400 both 3.400 3.400 3+400 2+300 DC directions Total 0.000 3.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.400 3.400 0+000 - 0.300 0+100 DC 0+300 0+300 - 1.100 1+400 1+400 - 0.450 DN 1C (Câțcău) 1+850 1 lane for 2 DC 2 - Sălișca - DN 1C both (Coplean) 1+850 - directions 0.350 2+200 2+200 - 0.800 3+000 3+000 - 1.600 4+600 Total 0.000 0.000 0.300 1.600 2.700 0.000 4.600 5.500 0+000 - Rugășești V. 4.800 1+500 G 4+800 bridge Asphalt DN 18B section - 1 (Rugășești) - 4+800 - 3 DC 3 2.000 lane in Guga - 6+800 each Comorâța direction 6+800 - 0.620 7.420 Total 0.000 0.000 4.800 2.000 0.620 0.000 7.420 7.420 1 lane for DC 3 (Guga) - 0+000 - 4 DC 4 2.400 both Custura 2+400 directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 0.000 2.400 2.400 0+000 - 2.300 DN 18B 2+300 1 lane for 5 DC 5 (Sălătruc) - both Leurda 2+300 - directions 1.400 3+700 Total 0.000 0.000 2.300 0.000 1.400 0.000 3.700 3.700 515 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+000 - 0.100 DN 1B 0+100 1 lane for 6 DC 6 (Chiuiești) - both DosuBricii 0+100 - directions 3+900 3.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.000 3.800 3.900 3.900 0+000 - Valea Cășeielului DJ 182E (Valea 8.600 0+000 VG 2+000 DC 1 lane for 8+600 bridge 7 DC 7 Cășeielului) - both Strâmbu - Huta directions 4+090 Strâmbu V. bridge VG 5+600 PDC Total 0.000 8.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.600 8.600 DC 9A (Valea lui 1 lane for 0+000 - 8 DC 8 Opriș) - Valea 1.000 both 1+000 lui Opriș directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 0+000 - Valea luiOpriș 2.100 1+000 P DJ 182E 2+100 bridge 1 lane for 9 DC 9A (Chiuiești) - both Valea lui Opriș 2+100 - directions 1.800 3+900 Total 0.000 0.000 2.100 1.800 0.000 0.000 3.900 3.900 DN 17 1 lane for 0+000 - 10 DC 10 (Mănășturel) - 1.900 1+300 DC both 1+900 Mănășturel directions Total 0.000 1.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.900 1.900 0+000 - Bridge over 0.950 0+050 A 1+650 DC Asphalt 0+950 Unguraș river section - 1 lane in 0+950 - each 0.600 1+750 DC DJ 161D 1+550 direction; 11 DC 12 (Unguraș) - dirt and Daroț 1+550 - gravel 0.200 2+050 DC section - 1 1+750 lane for both 1+750 - 3.250 directions 5+000 Total 0.000 0.950 0.600 0.000 3.450 0.000 5.000 5.000 1 lane in DJ 161D (Batin) 0+000 - 12 DC 13 2.000 0+750 Batin V. bridge G each - Batin 2+000 direction Total 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 516 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+000 - 0.200 0+200 1 lane for 13 DC 14 DJ 161D - Sicfa both 0+200 - directions 2+000 1.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.200 1.800 2.000 2.000 3+800 - 6+000 Bandău V. bridge VG 5+700 1.900 Bistrița-Năsăud 1 lane for County border - 5+700 - 14 DC 14A 0.150 both DJ 161D (Valea 5+850 directions Ungurașului) 5+850 - 0.150 6+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.000 0.150 1.900 2.200 2.500 0+000 - 3.050 0+600 DC 3+050 3+050 - 0.950 2+450 DC 4+000 4+000 - 2.480 2+550 PDC 6+480 6+480 - 0+000 - 0.520 2+780 PDC 7+000 1+400 - 1 lane in 2+900 DC each DJ 172F direction; 15 DC 16 (MintiuGherlii) 3+050 DC 1+400 - - Pădureni 7+000 - 1 lane for 3+100 PDC both directions 3+300 PDC 3+550 PDC 5+450 PDC 5+500 DC 6+050 DC Total 0.000 0.000 5.530 1.470 0.000 0.000 7.000 7.000 0+000 - 0.500 0+200 PDC DJ 172F (Valea 0+500 1 lane for 16 DC 17 Luncii) - Valea both Cireșoii 0+500 - directions 0.300 0+300 PDC 0+800 517 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+800 - 1+600 0.800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.800 0.800 1.600 1.600 0+000 - 2.400 3+900 Blenchii V. bridge A 4+750 DC 2+400 2+400 - 1.400 DJ 161E (Valea 3+800 1 lane for 17 DC 18 Caldă) - DJ 109C both (Geaca) 3+800 - directions 1.200 5+000 5+000 - 0.300 5+300 Total 0.000 0.000 0.300 3.800 1.200 0.000 5.300 5.000 0+000 - 1.500 0+780 Măhal V. bridge P 0+780 DC 1+500 1 lane for 18 DC 19 DJ 161E - Măhal both 1+500 - directions 0.500 2+000 Total 0.000 1.500 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 0+000 - 2.200 2+200 DC 2+200 3+300 - 1 lane in 2+200 - each DJ 161E (Buza) - 1.100 3+800 DC direction; 19 DC 20 3+300 Rotunda 3+300 - 6+200 - 1 3+300 - lane for 2.900 both 6+200 directions Total 0.000 2.200 1.100 2.900 0.000 0.000 6.200 6.200 0+000 - 2.000 2+700 DC 2+000 2+000 - 0.300 2+300 DJ 161F 1 lane for (Cătina) - DJ 2+300 - 20 DC 21 0.200 both 161E 2+500 directions (Feldioara) 2+500 - 1.700 4+200 4+200 - 3.000 7.200 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.200 2.000 0.000 7.200 7.500 518 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+000 - 2.300 2+800 DC 2+300 DC 21 (Cătina) - 1 lane for 2+300 - 21 DC 21B Bistrița-Năsăud 0.500 both 3+800 County border directions 2+800 - 1.700 4+500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.500 0.000 4.500 4.500 DJ 161F 1 lane for (Cătina) - Hagău 0+000 - 22 DC 22 6.500 both - DJ 161E 6+500 directions (Hodaie) Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.500 0.000 0.000 6.500 8.100 0+000 - 6.200 6+200 1 lane in DJ 172A (Țaga) 23 DC 23 each - Năsal 6+200 - direction 0.150 6+350 Total 0.000 0.000 6.200 0.150 0.000 0.000 6.350 6.350 1 lane in DJ 109C (Lacu) - 0+000 - 24 DC 24 1.600 each Lacu 1+600 direction Total 0.000 1.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.600 1.600 0+000 - 2.850 0+050 PDC 2+850 2+850 - 1.500 2+850 DC 4+350 DJ 109C 1 lane in (Sâmboleni) - 4+350 - 25 DC 25 1.950 2+950 DC each Zorenii de Vale 6+300 direction - Năoiu 6+300 - 5.800 10+700 PDC 12+100 12+100 - 0.500 12+600 Total 0.000 2.850 9.250 0.500 0.000 0.000 12.600 13.000 0+000 - 0.500 DJ 161G (Petea) 0+500 1 lane for 26 DC 30 - DJ 109C both (Geaca) 0+500 - directions 2.000 2+500 519 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 2+500 - 0.700 3+200 3+200 - 0.800 4+000 4+000 - 2.700 6+700 Total 0.000 3.400 0.000 1.300 2.000 0.000 6.700 6.000 0+000 + 0.300 0+490 DC 0+300 0+300 - 0.500 0+650 DC 0+800 0+800 - 0+970 DC 3+930 3.130 DJ 161 (Bonțida) - 1 lane for 3+930 - 27 DC 32 Coasta - 0.100 1+020 DC both 4+030 Tăușeni - DJ directions 161K 4+030 - 1.000 5+030 5+030 - 3.550 8+580 8+580 - 9+880 1.300 Total 0.000 1.300 0.000 4.050 0.100 4.430 9.880 9.880 0+000 - 0+700 - 1 lane in each DJ 161K (Sava) - 0+000 - direction; 28 DC 33 2.500 0+300 DC Băgaciu 2+500 0+700 - 2+500 - 1 lane for both directions Total 0.000 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.500 2.500 0+000 - 0+000 - 4+200 - 1 4.800 4+800 lane in each DJ 109C direction; 29 DC 34 (Sucutard) - 4+200 - Puini 4+800 - 5+600 - 1 0.800 lane for 5+600 both directions 520 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.800 0.800 0.000 5.600 5.600 0+000 - 1.400 1+400 DJ 109C 1 lane in (Sântioana) - 1+400 - 30 DC 35 5.400 each Sântejude-Vale 6+800 direction - Sântejude 6+800 - 1.000 7+800 Total 0.000 0.000 5.400 2.400 0.000 0.000 7.800 7.800 0+000 - 10.600 10+790 Săcălaia V. bridge P 10+850 DC 10+600 DJ 109C 1 lane for 10+600 - 31 DC 36 (Sântioana) - DJ 0.200 both 10+800 109D (Săcălaia) directions 10+800 - 1.200 12+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.400 10.600 0.000 12.000 12.000 1+400 - level 0+000 - 1.400 1+100 DC crossing 401 1+400 railway line – concrete DJ 172F 1 lane in slabs, with 32 DC 37 (Gherla) - each warning Silivaș direction 1+400 - lights, no 5.000 barriers, risk 6+400 of accidents, slope Total 0.000 5.000 1.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.400 6.000 0+000 - 0+700 - level 1.800 1+300 Bridge over sewer A 0+200 DC 1+800 crossing, decommissio Asphalt 1+800 - Bridge over ned 1.200 1+580 A 0+330 DC section - 1 3+000 Someșu Mic river industrial lane in railway; each 1+150 - level DN 1C (Iclod) - 0+980 PDC direction; 33 DC 38 crossing 401 Iclozel gravel railway line – 1+650 DC section - 1 concrete lane for slabs, no both barriers, directions with warning 1+780 DC lights, risk of accidents Total 0.000 0.000 1.800 1.200 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - Asphalt 0+350 - level 34 DC 39 1.100 0+390 DC 1+100 section - 1 crossing 401 lane in railway line, 521 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1+100 - each concrete 2.200 2+700 DC 3+300 direction; slabs, no dirt and barriers, 3+300 - gravel with warning 3.600 3+100 DC section - 1 lights, risk of DJ 172F 6+900 lane for accidents (Gherla) - DJ both 109D (Săcălaia) 6+900 - 0.200 directions 7+100 7+100 - 0.200 7+300 Total 0.000 3.300 0.000 0.200 3.800 0.000 7.300 7.300 0+000 - 3+860 - level 1.800 0+350 DC 1+800 crossing 401 DJ 109D (Juc- railway line – Herghelie) - 1+800 - 1 lane in concrete 35 DC 40 Jucu de Mijloc - 0.400 2+200 DC each slabs, no 2+200 DN 1C (Juc- direction barriers, Herghelie) with warning 2+200 - lights, risk of 1.670 3+870 accidents Total 0.000 3.470 0.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.870 2.000 0+000 - 2.300 1+750 DC 0+800 - level 2+300 crossing 401 railway line – DN 1C 2+300 - 4.900 1+950 DC 1 lane in concrete (Apahida) - DJ 7+200 36 DC 41 each slabs, no 109D (Jucu de direction barriers, Sus) 6+700 DC with warning lights, risk of accidents 6+800 DC Total 0.000 2.300 4.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.200 7.080 Asphalt 0+000 - section - 1 3.300 2+100 DC 3+300 lane in each DN 16 direction; 37 DC 42 (Corpadea) - dirt Corpadea 3+300 - section - 1 0.100 2+300 DC lane for 3+400 both directions Total 0.000 3.300 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 3.400 3.400 0+000 - Asphalt 0.300 5+850 DC DN 16 (Căianu 0+300 section - 1 38 DC 43 Vamă) - DJ lane in 161A (Cojocna) 0+300 - each 5+150 DC 2+100 1.800 direction; dirt 522 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on section - 1 2+100 - lane for 4.500 6+600 both directions Total 0.000 4.500 0.000 0.300 0.000 1.800 6.600 7.350 0+000 - 0.010 0+010 0+010 - 0.010 DJ 161A (Iuriu 0+020 1 lane for 39 DC 45 de Câmpie) - both Huci 0+020 - directions 1.580 1+600 1+600 - 0.400 2+000 Total 0.000 0.010 0.000 1.590 0.400 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 0.150 2+100 Căianului V. bridge A 2+100 DC 0+150 DJ 161G 1 lane for 0+150 - 40 DC 46 (Căianu) - DN 2.350 3+750 Suatu V. bridge A both 2+500 16 (Căianu Mic) directions 2+500 - 1.600 4+100 Total 0.000 0.000 1.750 2.350 0.000 0.000 4.100 4.100 0+000 - 5.700 0+200 DC 5+700 0+000 - 5+000 - 1 5+700 - lane in 0.300 0+950 DC each 6+000 DJ 161H (Suatu) direction; 41 DC 47 - Aruncuta 5+000 - 1+550 DC 6+000 - 1 lane for 5+200 DC both directions 5+600 DC Total 0.000 5.700 0.000 0.300 0.000 0.000 6.000 6.000 0+000 - 4.300 0+250 Berchieș V. bridge P 4+300 DC 47 (Suatu) - 1 lane for 4+300 - 42 DC 47A DJ 150 1.700 both 6+000 (Berchieșu) directions 6+000 - 1.700 7+700 523 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.300 3.400 0.000 7.700 5.000 Asphalt 0+000 - section - 1 4.000 0+100 DC 4+000 lane in each DJ 161H (Suatu) direction; 43 DC 48 - Dâmburile dirt 4+000 - section - 1 2.700 lane for 6+700 both directions Total 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 2.700 0.000 6.700 6.700 0+000 - 0.800 0+800 0+000 - 1+400 - 1 0+800 - lane in 0.200 each 1+000 DJ 150 (Crișeni) direction; 44 DC 49 - Boteni 1+400 - 1+000 - 2+000 - 1 0.400 1+400 lane for both 1+400 - directions 0.600 2+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.400 1.400 0.200 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - DJ 150 (Crișeni) 0.500 0+500 1 lane for - Mureș County 45 DC 49A both border 0+500 - directions (Vișinelu) 1.200 1+700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 1.200 0.000 1.700 1.700 0+000 - 0+000 - 0.900 0+900 0+900 - 1 lane in 0+900 - each DJ 150 (Frata) - 0.300 direction; 46 DC 50 1+200 Olariu 0+900 - 2+200 - 1 1+200 - lane for 1.000 both 2+200 directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.900 1.000 0.300 0.000 2.200 2.200 DJ 150 (Frata) - 1 lane in Frata - Poiana 0+000 - 47 DC 51 7.900 each Frății - Mureș 7+900 direction County border Total 0.000 0.000 7.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.900 8.560 524 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1 lane in DC 51 (Frata) - 0+000 - 48 DC 52 2.700 each Oaș 2+700 direction Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.700 0.000 0.000 2.700 2.700 0+000 - 0.100 0+100 0+100 - 0.900 DJ 150 (Frata) - 1+000 1 lane for 49 DC 53 PădureaIacobe both ni 1+000 - directions 0.500 1+500 1+500 - 0.300 1+800 Total 0.000 0.000 0.900 0.600 0.300 0.000 1.800 1.800 0+000 - 1.200 1+200 1 lane for DJ 150 - 50 DC 54 both Răzoare 1+200 - directions 0.800 2+000 Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.800 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 1.300 0+080 Valea Largă bridge A 0+300 DC 1+300 1+300 - 2.700 1+000 DC 4+000 DJ 150 (Ceanu Mare) - 1 lane in 51 DC 55 Iacobeni - 1+200 PDC each Mureș County direction border 2+590 DC 2+890 PDC 2+920 PDC Total 0.000 1.300 2.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - DJ 150 (Boian) - 1.230 1+230 1 lane in Boian - Hodăi- 52 DC 56 each Boian - Mureș 1+230 - direction County border 3.050 4+280 Total 0.000 1.230 0.000 3.050 0.000 0.000 4.280 4.470 DJ 150 (Bolduț) 0+000 - 0+000 - 53 DC 57 - Valea lui Cati - 1.200 0+100 Valea Largă bridge A 1+200 - 1 1+200 DJ 161B lane in each 525 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on direction; 1+200 - 1+200 - 4+400 - 1 3.200 4+400 lane for both directions Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 3.200 0.000 0.000 4.400 4.400 0+000 - 0+000 - 1.000 0+750 DC 1+000 4+300 - 1 lane in DJ 151C - 1+000 - each Pădureni - 1.670 1+890 DC direction; 54 DC 58 2+670 Mureș Cty. 4+300 - border 4+800 - 1 2+670 - lane for 2.130 both 4+800 directions Total 0.000 1.000 1.670 2.130 0.000 0.000 4.800 4.800 0+000 - 3.120 0+550 DC 3+120 0+000 - 3+300 - 1 3+120 - lane in DJ 151C 1.700 0+850 PDC each 4+820 (Tritenii de Jos) direction; 55 DC 59 - Clapa - Mureș 3+300 - County border 4+820 - 5+800 - 1 0.280 5+450 DC 5+100 lane for both 5+100 - directions 0.700 5+800 Total 0.000 0.000 3.400 2.400 0.000 0.000 5.800 5.650 0+000 - 0.700 1+670 DC 0+700 0+000 - 0+700 - 1 0+700 - lane in 1.750 each DC 59 (Tritenii 2+450 direction; 56 DC 60 de Jos) - 0+700 - Tritenii-Hotar 2+450 - 0.840 4+500 - 1 3+290 lane for both 3+290 - directions 1.210 4+500 Total 0.000 1.750 0.700 2.050 0.000 0.000 4.500 4.500 0+000 - Valea fărănume 0+000 - 3.800 2+700 A 2+600 DC 3+800 bridge 3+800 - 1 57 DC 61 DJ 150 - Urca lane in 3+800 - each 1.200 3+700 DC 5+000 direction; 3+800 - 526 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 6+000 - 1 5+000 - lane for 1.000 6+000 both directions Total 0.000 3.800 0.000 1.200 1.000 0.000 6.000 6.000 0+000 - 0+400 level 1.100 4+800 Underpass A3 VG 3+600 DC 1+100 crossing for access to 1+100 - RoAF 71st 0.200 Air Base, DN 15 (Câmpia 1+300 1 lane in concrete 58 DC 62 Turzii) - DC 68 each slabs, no (Călărași Gară) 1+300 - direction 5.100 warning 6+400 signals and no barriers, 6+400 - risk of 0.400 6+800 accidents Total 0.000 0.000 6.600 0.200 0.000 0.000 6.800 6.800 0+000 - 0.500 0+500 1 lane for DJ 161B 59 DC 63 both (Stârcu) - Stârcu 0+500 - directions 1+000 0.500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 0+000 - Valea Florilor 0+000 - 9.200 8+650 P 0+550 PDC 9+200 bridge 2+580 and 4+500 - 0+780 PDC 8+400 - 1 8+700 - level DJ 161B (Valea lane for crossing 300 lui Cati) - both railway line, Ciurgău - 6+550 DC directions concrete 60 DC 64 DosuNapului- ; 2+580 - slabs, DC69 (Valea 4+500 mechanically Florilor) and operated 8+400 - barrier 9+200 - 1 8+400 DC lane in each direction Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.200 0.000 0.000 9.200 9.000 DJ 161A 1 lane in 0+000 - 61 DC 65 (Strucut) - DC 1.500 each 1+500 64 (Ciurgău) direction Total 0.000 0.000 1.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.500 1.500 0+000 - 62 DC 66 DJ 161A (Ceanu 1.900 1+900 Mare) - Fânațe 527 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on - DJ 150 (Ceanu 1+900 - 0.600 Mare) 2+500 1 lane for both 2+500 - directions 3.700 6+200 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.600 0.600 0.000 6.200 5.700 0+000 - DJ 172F 2.000 2+000 1 lane in (Gligorești) - 63 DC 67 each Gligorești - Alba 2+000 - direction County border 0.600 2+600 Total 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.600 0.000 0.000 2.600 2.600 0+000 - 1+400 - 0.800 0+800 3+000 - 1 lane in DJ 150A (RoAF 0+800 - each 71st Air Base) - 0.600 direction; 64 DC 68 1+400 DJ 161B 0+000 - (Călărași-Gară) 1+400 - 1 1+400 - lane for 1.600 both 3+000 directions Total 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.000 0.600 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 0.600 0+600 0+600 - DJ 161B 0.100 0+700 1 lane for (Călărași Gară) - 65 DC 68A both Alba County 0+700 - directions border 0.100 0+800 0+800 - 2+270 1.470 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.600 0.200 1.470 2.270 2.270 0+000 - Valea fărănume 0+000 - 3.500 5+400 A 3+050 DC 3+500 bridge 3+500 - 1 lane in DJ 161B 3+500 - each (Ploscoș) - 1.000 3+200 direction; 66 DC 69 4+500 Valea Florilor - 3+500 - Lobodaș 5+900 - 1 4+500 - lane for 1.400 both 5+900 directions Total 0.000 0.000 3.500 1.000 1.400 0.000 5.900 4.350 528 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+000 - 1.460 0+100 Bridge over sewer P 1+460 1+460 - 1+300 - Bridge over Arieș 0+000 - 2.240 G 2+990 - 1 2+990 - level 3+700 1+380 river lane in crossing 300 Underpass each railway line, DN 15 (Câmpia 3+700 - direction; no barriers 67 DC 69A Turzii) - DJ 161B 1.300 1+680 G 5+000 2+990 - and no (Ploscoș) 300 railway line 9+600 - 1 warning lane for signals, risk 5+000 - both of accidents 2.800 7+800 directions 7+800 - 1.800 9+600 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.500 4.100 0.000 9.600 9.600 0+000 - 1.200 0+550 DC 1+200 1 lane for both 1+200 - directions 0+700 DC DJ 161B 2+480 1.280 , except 68 DC 70 (Crairât) - DC 69 for 0+000 (Valea Florilor) 2+480 - - 1+200 - 0.500 2+480 DC 1 lane in 2+980 each direction 2+980 - 0.800 3+780 Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.800 0.500 1.280 3.780 2.500 0+000 - 0+000 – 1.000 2+500 DC 1+000 2+700 - 1 lane in 1+000 - each DN 1 (Feleacu) - 3.900 2+900 DC direction; 69 DC 71 4+900 CaseleMicești 2+700 – 5+600 - 1 4+900 - lane for 0.700 3+000 DC both 5+600 directions Total 0.000 0.000 1.000 3.900 0.700 0.000 5.600 5.600 DN 1 1 lane in 0+000 - 70 DC 72 (Copăceni) - 2.000 each 2+000 Copăceni direction Total 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 DN 1 1 lane in 0+000 - 71 DC 73 (Comșești) - 2.500 1+800 DC each 2+500 Comșești direction Total 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.500 2.500 529 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+000 - 1.800 DN 1 1+800 1 lane in 72 DC 74 (Mărtinești) - each Mărtinești 1+800 - direction 0.100 1+900 Total 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.100 0.000 0.000 1.900 1.900 0+000 - 1.000 0+700 Vâlcele V. bridge A 2+000 DC 1 lane for 1+000 both directions 1+000 - ; except 1.400 1+800 Vâlcele V. bridge A DJ 103M 2+400 for 73 DC 75 (Vâlcele) - DC section 77 (Sărădiș) 2+400 - 0+000 - 1.700 1+000 - 1 4+100 lane in each 4+100 - 1.400 direction 5+500 Total 0.000 1.400 0.000 2.700 1.400 0.000 5.500 5.120 0+610 - level crossing 300 railway line, concrete DJ 161A 1 lane in 0+000 - slabs, no 74 DC 76 (Cojocna) - DJ 6.500 0+400 DC each 6+500 barriers, 105S (Boju) direction with warning signals (lights), risk of accidents Total 0.000 6.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.500 6.000 0+000 - 0.200 3+700 Underpass VOCE VG 5+250 DC 0+200 0+200 - DJ 103G 3.400 3+600 1 lane for (Gheorghieni) - 75 DC 77 both DJ 103T 3+600 - directions (Feleacu) 4+850 1.250 4+850 - 0.500 5+350 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.100 1.250 5.350 5.350 0+000 - 0.700 DJ 105S (Boju) - 0+700 1 lane for 76 DC 78 DJ 161A (Iuriu both de Câmpie) 0+700 - directions 0.800 1+500 530 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1+500 - 7.100 8+600 8+600 - 3.500 12+100 12+100 - 13+700 1.600 13+700 - 0.300 14+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 11.700 1.600 14.000 14.000 0+000 - 1.800 1+800 1 lane for DJ 105S (Pata) - 77 DC 79 both Bodrog 1+800 - directions 0.200 2+000 Total 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.000 0.200 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 2.400 12+950 Maraloiu V. bridge A 2+000 DC 2+400 Asphalt 2+400 - section - 1 12+790 - 0.100 lane in level 2+500 each crossing 300 DN 1N (Cluj- direction; railway line, Napoca) - 2+500 - 78 DC 80 7.500 gravel and concrete Dezmir - Cara - 10+000 dirt slabs, no DJ 161A section - 1 barriers, 10+000 - lane for with warning 1.590 11+590 both lights directions 11+590 - 1.410 13+000 Total 0.000 3.810 0.000 1.690 7.500 0.000 13.000 13.000 0+000 - 0.700 0+300 Overpass A10 VG 0+700 1 lane in 79 DC 81 DN 1 - Stejeriș each 0+700 - direction 2.300 3+000 Total 0.000 0.700 0.000 2.300 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - DN 1 - Bădeni - 2.800 3+120 Bădeni V. bridge A 5+400 DC 2+800 1 lane in Plăiești - DJ 80 DC 82 each 103G 2+800 - Valea fărănume direction (Moldovenești) 5.500 7+950 G 9+300 DC 8+300 bridge 531 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 8+300 - Bridge over Văleni 1.100 8+300 G 9+400 river Total 0.000 5.500 3.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.400 10.000 0+000 - 10.000 0+900 DC 10+000 0+000 - 10+000 - 0.500 2+750 DC 7+000 - 1 10+500 lane in each DJ 103G 10+500 direction; 81 DC 85 (Tureni) - - 1.393 3+000 DC 7+000 - Micești 11+893 11+893 - 1 lane for both 7+700 DC directions 8+800 DC Total 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.500 1.393 0.000 11.893 11.893 0+000 - 3.080 2+150 Underpass A3 VG 3+250 DC DJ 107L 3+080 1 lane in 82 DC 86 (Petreștii de each Jos) - Deleni 3+080 - direction 0.720 3+800 Total 0.000 0.000 3.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.800 3.800 0+000 - Bridge over 4.000 0+350 A 3+900 DC 4+000 Hășdate river DJ 107L 1 lane in (Petreștii de 4+000 - 83 DC 87 0.600 5+400 DC each Jos) - DC 107 4+600 direction (Borzești) 4+600 - 2.300 5+900 DC 6+900 Total 0.000 0.000 6.300 0.600 0.000 0.000 6.900 8.170 0+000 - Asphalt 3.400 1+800 DC road - 1 3+400 lane in each 3+400 - direction; 0.400 1+900 DC DJ 107L - DC 3+800 except for 84 DC 88 104 (Livada) dirt and gravel road - 1 3+800 - lane for 1.000 4+800 both directions Total 0.000 3.400 0.000 0.400 1.000 0.000 4.800 5.400 532 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+000 - Bridge over 2.950 0+250 A DJ 107L 2+950 Hășdate river 1 lane for 85 DC 89 (Crăești) - both Plaiuri 2+950 - directions 0.150 3+100 Total 0.000 0.000 2.950 0.150 0.000 0.000 3.100 3.100 0+000 - Bridge over 2.000 0+400 A 1+800 DC 2+000 Hășdate river 2+000 - 1 lane for 0.400 both DJ 107L - 2+400 86 DC 90 directions Pădureni + pull-in 2+400 - spaces 0.600 3+000 Total 0.000 2.000 0.400 0.600 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 1.500 0+200 Underpass A3 VG 2+200 DC 1+500 1+500 - Valea fărănume 1.130 2+650 P 3+000 DC 2+630 bridge 1 lane in each 2+630 - direction; 1.870 3+650 DC 4+500 except for DJ 107L - DJ 87 DC 91 - asphalt 107R (Sălicea) 4+500 - section - 1 0.700 3+750 DC lane for 5+200 both directions 5+200 - 3.000 8+200 8+200 - 2.300 10+500 Total 0.000 0.000 3.000 4.500 3.000 0.000 10.500 10.300 0+000 - Bridge over 1 lane for 2.310 0+390 A 2+310 Hășdate river both 88 DC 92 DJ 107L - Șutu directions 2+310 - + pull-in 0.190 spaces 2+500 Total 0.000 2.310 0.000 0.000 0.190 0.000 2.500 2.500 89 DC 93A BunăZiua road N/A Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.100 533 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1 lane for DJ 107M (Săcel) 0+000 - 90 DC 94 0.700 both - Săcel 0+700 directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.700 0+000 - 2.500 1+800 Tăuțiului V. bridge A 2+500 1 lane for DJ 105L (Tăuți) - 91 DC 96 both Tăuți 2+500 - directions 0.600 3+100 Total 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.600 0.000 0.000 3.100 3.100 0+000 - 0.800 DN 1 (Luna de 0+800 1 lane in 92 DC 98 Sus) - DJ 107M each (Luna de Sus) 0+800 - direction 0.300 1+100 Total 0.000 0.300 0.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.100 1.100 1 lane for DJ 107M (Lita) - 0+000 - Bridge over 93 DC 99 5.000 0+450 G both Hășdate 5+000 Hășdate river directions Total 0.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 DJ 107R (Muntele 1 lane for 0+000 - 94 DC 100A Băișorii) - both 6+000 Muntele directions Bocului 6.000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 DJ 107N 1 lane for (Moara de 0+000 - Bridge over Iara 95 DC 101 3.500 0+050 P both Pădure) - 3+500 river directions MunteleSăcel Total 0.000 0.000 3.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.500 3.500 0+000 - Bridge over Iara 0.050 0+050 G 0+050 river 0+050 - DJ 107N 1+750 1.700 1 lane for (Moara de 96 DC 101A both Pădure) - 1+750 - directions MunteleFilii 0.400 2+150 2+150 - 4+500 2.350 534 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 4+500 - 1.500 6+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.050 1.900 4.050 6.000 6.000 0+000 - Bridge over Iara 1.000 0+190 A 2+200 DC 1+000 river 1+000 - 5.000 3+700 DC 6+000 Asphalt section - 1 6+000 - lane in 0.800 3+750 DC 6+800 each DJ 107M (Iara) - direction; 97 DC 102 Valea Vadului 6+800 - gravel 1.000 4+050 DC 7+800 section - 1 lane for 7+800 - both 1.200 4+300 DC directions 9+000 4+450 DC 7+800 DC Total 0.000 5.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 0.000 9.000 9.000 0+000 - 5.600 3+000 DC 5+600 5+600 - 1 lane in DC 102 (Iara) - 1.800 4+050 DC 98 DC 102A 7+400 each DC 102 (Mașca) direction 4+500 DC 5+100 DC Total 0.000 5.600 0.000 1.800 0.000 0.000 7.400 7.560 0+000 - 4.000 2+100 DC 4+000 4+000 - 1 lane in DJ 107M (Iara) - 1.100 2+250 DC 99 DC 103 5+100 each Agriș direction 3+200 DC 4+000 DC Total 0.000 4.000 1.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.100 5.100 0+000 - Bridge over Iara Asphalt 0.540 1+520 A 5+760 DC Făgetu Ierii - DC 0+540 river section - 1 100 DC 104 106 (Măgura lane in Ierii) 0+540 - each 1.360 1+900 direction; gravel and 535 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1+900 - dirt 0.060 1+960 section - 1 lane for 1+960 - both 0.500 directions 2+460 2+460 - 1.500 3+960 3+960 - 0.500 4+460 4+460 - 0.700 5+160 5+160 - 0.700 5.860 5+860 - 4.050 9+910 Total 0.000 1.360 0.500 2.800 5.250 0.000 9.910 7.700 0+000 - Bridge over Iara 0.650 0+200 P 0+650 river DJ 107M (Iara) - 1 lane for 0+650 - Ocolișelului V. 101 DC 105 DN 75 11+040 A both 8+040 7.390 bridge (Lungești) directions 8+040 - 3.600 11+640 Total 3.600 0.000 0.000 0.650 0.000 7.390 11.640 12.850 0+000 - 2.500 0+070 PDC 2+500 0+260 PDC DJ 107M - DC 0+370 PDC 1 lane for 102 DC 106 104 (Măgura both Ierii) directions 0+510 PDC 0+700 DC 1+350 PDC Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.500 0.000 2.500 3.000 0+000 - 0.150 0+450 PDC 0+150 1 lane for DN 75 (Buru) - 103 DC 107 both Borzești 0+150 - directions 3.610 0+750 PDC 3+760 536 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 3+760 - 1.240 0+880 PDC 5+000 1+070 DC 1+270 DC Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.240 3.760 0.000 5.000 5.000 DJ 107N 1 lane for (Muntele Rece 0+000 - 104 DC 110 5.000 both Monastery) - 5+000 directions Râșca hamlet Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 0+000 - 1.000 0+700 PDC 1+000 DJ 107T 1+000 - 3.000 1+000 DC 1 lane for (CoadalaculuiSo 4+000 105 DC 110C both meșuRece) - DC directions 111 (Măguri) 2+300 PDC 2+400 DC Total 0.000 1.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - 4.600 4+600 DJ 107T 1 lane for (Măguri 4+600 - 106 DC 111 3.100 both Răcătău) - DC 7+700 directions 110C (Măguri) 7+700 - 1.800 9+500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.900 4.600 0.000 9.500 7.000 DJ 103K 1 lane in 0+000 - 107 DC 113 (Dângău Mare) 2.000 each 2+000 - Bălcești direction Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - Bridge over Căpuș 3.000 3+300 A DN 1 (Căpușu 3+000 river 1 lane in 108 DC 114 Mic) - Căpușu each Mic 3+000 - direction 0.500 3+500 Total 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 3.500 3.500 DJ 108C - 0+000 - Bridge over Căpuș 109 DC 115 2.400 1+900 G 0+570 DC Bedeciu 2+400 river 537 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1 lane for 2+400 - 0.600 0+700 DC both 3+000 directions Total 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.600 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 DJ 108C 1 lane for 0+000 - 110 DC 116 (Dretea) - DC 0.800 both 0+800 119 (Dretea) directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.800 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.800 3.000 0+000 - Nearșova V. 1.000 8+900 A 1+000 bridge 1+000 - 6.100 7+100 7+100 - 0.100 7+200 DJ 108C (Mănăstireni) - 1 lane for 7+200 - 111 DC 117 Șăula - 0.400 both 7+600 Nearșova (DN directions 1) 7+600 - 0.200 7+800 7+800 - 0.500 8+300 8+300 - 1.110 9+410 Total 0.000 1.110 2.100 0.100 6.100 0.000 9.410 9.410 0+000 - 7.600 0+600 DC 7+600 7+600 - DJ 103K (Râșca) 0.400 1+170 DC 1 lane for 8+000 112 DC 118 - DJ 103K both (Dângău Mic) directions 8+000 - 4.840 3+200 DC 12+840 3+500 DC Total 0.000 0.000 7.600 0.400 4.840 0.000 12.840 12.840 0+000 - 1.500 1+500 1 lane for DC 117 - Bica - 1+500 - 113 DC 119 0.700 both DC 116 (Dretea) 2+200 directions 2+200 - 0.150 2+350 538 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 2+350 - 0.150 2+500 Total 0.000 0.000 1.650 0.150 0.700 0.000 2.500 2.500 8+300 DC 8+900 DC 0+000 - 2+900 - 1 14+300 DC lane in each DJ 108C 0+000 - direction; 114 DC 121 (Răchițele) - DN 17.900 14+600 PDC 17+900 2+900 - 1R (Beliș) 17+900 - 14+700 PDC 1 lane for both 17+030 PDC directions 17+200 PDC Total 0.000 17.900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.900 17.250 0+800 PDC DN 1R 1 lane for 0+000 - 115 DC 122 (Călățele) - 3.340 1+100 DC both 3+340 Finciu directions 1+200 DC Total 3.340 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.340 3.340 0+000 - 2.600 1+300 DC 2+600 1 lane for Bociu - DJ 108C 116 DC 123 2+600 - both - Ciuleni 2.500 1+400 DC 5+100 directions 2+590 DC Total 0.000 0.000 5.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.100 5.100 0+000 - 1.000 3+000 Domoșu V. bridge A 1+000 DN 1R (Huedin) 1 lane in 1+000 - 117 DC 124 - Domoșu - 0.200 each 1+200 Horlacea direction 1+200 - 4.050 5+250 Total 0.000 1.000 4.050 0.200 0.000 0.000 5.250 5.250 0+000 - Bridge over Călata 1 lane in 4.000 4+000 G 3+600 PDC 8+560 - level DJ 103J 4+000 river each 118 DC 126 (Sâncraiu) - crossing 300 direction, Hodișu railway line – 4+000 - Bridge over Crișul except for 0.800 8+100 A 4+100 DC concrete 4+800 Repede river 8+600 – slabs, no 11+900 - 539 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 4+800 - 1 lane for barriers, risk 1.300 4+500 PDC 6+100 both of accidents directions 6+100 - - 2.500 7+800 DC 8+600 8+600 - 3.300 9+600 DC 11+900 Total 0.000 8.600 3.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 11.900 15.200 0+000 - 1+300 - 1 lane in each DC 126 - 0+000 - direction, 119 DC 127 2.000 Morlaca 2+000 1+300 - 2+000 - 1 lane for both directions Total 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - Bridge over 0+400 VP 6+700 6.700 Someșul Cald river DJ 108C 1 lane in 6+700 - 120 DC 128A (DodaPilii) - 2.000 1+900 Șimonu V. bridge VP each 8+700 Giurcuța de Sus direction Valea fărănume 2+600 VP bridge Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 6.700 8.700 8.700 DC 128A 1 lane in 0+000 - 121 DC 128C (DodaPilii) - 1.700 each 1+700 Smida direction Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.700 0.000 1.700 1.700 0+000 - 6.100 DJ 103H 6+100 1 lane in 122 DC 129 (Săcuieu) - each Rogojel 6+100 - direction 2.900 9+000 Total 0.000 6.100 0.000 2.900 0.000 0.000 9.000 9.000 0+000 - 3.850 3+850 1 lane for DJ 103J - DC 123 DC 130 both 131 (Tranișu) 3+850 - directions 0.600 4+450 540 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 4+450 - 5+550 1.100 5+550 - 0.900 6+450 6+450 - 0.600 7+050 Total 0.000 0.000 4.450 0.600 0.900 1.100 7.050 7.050 0+000 - 4.000 0+200 Vișagului V. bridge P 1+300 DC 4+000 DJ 764B (Valea 0+500 Vișagului V. bridge A 2+900 DC 1 lane for Drăganului) - 124 DC 131 both DC 130 directions (Tranișu) 0+800 Tranișu V. bridge P 1+100 Tranișu V. bridge G Total 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - Bridge over Crișul 0+020 - level 2.750 0+170 A 2+500 PDC 2+750 Repede river crossing 300 railway line – 2+750 - concrete 0.500 1 lane for DN 1 (Negreni) 3+250 slabs, no 125 DC 132 both - Prelucele warning directions signals and 3+250 - no barriers - 3.750 high risk of 7+000 accidents Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.250 3.750 0.000 7.000 7.000 Asphalt 0+000 - road - 1 1.000 1+300 Dâncului V. bridge A 0+400 DC 1+000 lane in each DC 137 direction, 126 DC 133 (TicuColonie) - gravel Dâncu 1+000 - road - 1 1.000 0+600 DC lane for 2+000 both directions Total 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 3.500 2+100 DC 3+500 DN 1 1 lane for (IzvoruCrișului) 3+500 - 127 DC 135 0.800 both - Nadășu - Sălaj 4+300 directions County border 4+300 - 1.160 5+460 541 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on Total 0.000 3.500 0.800 0.000 1.160 0.000 5.460 5.460 0+000 - 8.400 5+700 Arghiș V. bridge A 0+100 PDC 8+400 Asphalt road - 1 8+400 - lane in DJ 108N (Sălaj 2.100 7+100 Arghiș V. bridge A 2+300 DC 10+500 each County border) 128 DC 137 direction, - TicuColonie - 2+400 DC dirt road - Arghișu 1 lane for 2+500 DC both directions 7+400 DC Total 0.000 0.000 8.400 0.000 2.100 0.000 10.500 10.500 0+000 - 5+570 Inucu V. bridge A 1+200 1.200 0+000 - 4+870 - 1 1+200 - lane for DN 1 0.300 5+270 Hosnoș V. bridge A both 1+500 (Dumbrava) - directions 129 DC 138 Inucu - DJ 108C ; 4+870 - (Dorolțu) 1+500 - 9+870 - 1 3.370 4+870 lane in each 4+870 - direction 5.000 9+870 Total 0.000 0.000 0.300 5.000 3.370 1.200 9.870 9.870 Asphalt 0+000 - road - 1 0.400 0+400 lane in each DN 1 (Căpușu direction, 130 DC 139 Mare) - Straja gravel 0+400 - road - 1 2.600 lane for 3+000 both directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.400 2.600 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - Bridge over Nadăș 4.300 0+400 A 4+300 river 0+000 - 4+300 - 1 0+200 - level 4+300 - Șomtelecu V. lane in crossing 300 4.200 2+700 G each railway line, DJ 108C 8+500 bridge direction; with barrier, 131 DC 140 (Gârbău) - 4+300 - concrete Turea - Cornești 8+500 - Șomtelecu V. 1.500 3+000 G 8+500 - 1 slabs, no 10+000 bridge lane for warning both lights Valea fărănume directions 3+800 P bridge 542 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on Valea fărănume 7+600 G bridge Total 0.000 4.200 4.300 0.000 1.500 0.000 10.000 10.000 0+000 - 1+000 - 1 0+150 - level lane in crossing 300 each railway line, DJ 108C 0+000 - Bridge over Nadăș direction; no barrier, 132 DC 140A (Dorolțu) - 2.000 0+500 A 2+000 river 1+000 - concrete Băgara 2+000 - 1 slabs, major lane for risk of both accidents directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 0.500 1+950 Suceagu V. bridge A 0+500 DC 0+500 1 lane in DN 1F - 0+500 - 133 DC 141 2.400 each Suceagu 2+900 direction 2+900 - 0.800 3+700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.500 2.400 0.800 0.000 3.700 3.700 0+000 - 1.600 0+300 Viștea V. bridge G 0+350 DC light 1+600 asphalt surface road - 1 1+600 - 4.650 lane in 6+250 each DN 1J (Viștea) - 134 DC 141A direction; DN 1 (Gilău) gravel and 6+250 - 0.200 dirt 6+450 section - 1 lane for both 6+450 - 0.950 directions 7+400 Total 0.000 0.000 2.550 0.200 4.650 0.000 7.400 7.400 0+000 - 0+075 - level 1.400 0+280 Nadășu V. bridge A 1+400 crossing 300 railway line, 1+400 - concrete 0.600 0+700 Mera V. bridge P 1 lane in DN 1F (Mera) - 2+000 slabs, with 135 DC 141B each Mera warning direction lights, no Valea fărănume barriers, high 1+400 A risk of bridge accidents 543 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on Total 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.000 0.600 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - 3.000 2+200 Macău V. bridge A 1 lane in DJ 108C (Macău 3+000 136 DC 142A each halt) - Macău direction 2+400 Macău V. bridge A Total 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 1.500 7+950 Popești V. bridge P 3+200 DC 1+500 1+500 - 2.800 7+200 PDC 4+300 1 lane in each DJ 109A (Cluj- 4+300 - direction 1.200 137 DC 142B Napoca) - DJ 5+500 105T (Popești) 5+500 - 1.100 6+600 1 lane for 6+600 - 1.350 both 7+950 directions Total 0.000 0.000 2.700 4.150 1.100 0.000 7.950 5.000 0+000 - 1 lane in 1.400 1+400 each DN 1N (Sub direction, 138 DC 142C Coastă) - DN 1N except for (VOCE) 1+400 - the dirt 0.700 2+100 section Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.700 0.000 2.100 7.600 0+000 - 1.550 1+850 Becaș V. bridge A 0+000 - 1+550 1+550 - 2 lanes in 1+550 - each DN 1C (Cluj- 0.750 2+300 direction; MOL Napoca) - 139 DC 142D section Colonia Sopor 2+300 - 1+550 - 0+050 (Cluj-Napoca) 2.250 4+550 2+300 - 1 lane in each 4+550 - 0.450 direction 5+000 Total 0.000 1.550 1.200 2.250 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 1 lane in 0+000 - Valea Mare V. 140 DC 143 DN 1F - Șardu 3.000 0+050 P each 3+000 bridge direction Total 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 544 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+000 - Valea Mare V. 0.500 0+000 VP 0+500 bridge DN 1F (Sânpaul) 1 lane for - Șumurducu - 0+500 - 141 DC 144 2.900 both DJ 105T 3+400 directions (SălișteaNouă) 3+400 - 3.600 7+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 6.500 0.000 7.000 7.000 1 lane in 0+000 - Bridge over Borșa 0.700 8+920 A each 0+700 river direction 1 lane for 0+700 - 0.800 both 1+500 directions DJ 105T (Berindu) - 1 lane for 1+500 - 142 DC 145 Cristorel - DJ both 5+120 109 (Așchileu 3.620 directions Mare) 1 lane for 5+120 - 0.200 both 5+320 directions 1 lane in 5+320 - 3.700 each 9+020 direction Total 0.000 0.000 4.400 0.000 1.000 3.620 9.020 9.020 0+000 - 0.950 0+950 0+950 - 1.500 DJ 109 (Fodora) 2+450 1 lane for 143 DC 146 - DC 157 both (Cătălina) 2+450 - directions 2.500 4+950 4+950 - 2.350 7+300 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.300 0.000 7.300 5.000 1 lane in 0+000 - 1.000 each DJ 109 1+000 direction (Așchileu Mare) 144 DC 146A - DC 146 (Dorna) 1 lane for 1+000 - 3.000 both 4+000 directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 0.000 0.000 4.000 4.000 545 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1 lane for 0+000 - Feiurdeni V. 1.500 3+100 G 2+400 DC both 1+500 bridge directions DJ 109 V 1+500 - 2.810 3+200 DC 145 DC 147 (Pădureni) - DC 4+310 156 (Feiurdeni) 1 lane in 3+400 DC each direction 4+100 DC Total 0.000 0.000 2.810 1.500 0.000 0.000 4.310 4.310 DJ 109A 1 lane in 0+000 - 146 DC 148A (Șoimeni) - 2.000 each 2+000 Șoimeni direction Total 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - Făurenilor V. 2.800 2+300 A 2+800 bridge DJ 109A 1 lane for (Făureni) - 2+800 - 147 DC 150 2.500 both Făureni - DJ 109 5+300 directions (Vultureni) 5+300 - 0.400 5+700 Total 0.000 0.000 2.800 0.400 2.500 0.000 5.700 5.700 1 lane for both DJ 109 (Borșa) - 0+000 - directions 148 DC 151 3.000 0+550 DC Bădești 3+000 , with pull-in spaces Total 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - 0.900 0+050 Giula V. bridge A 0+900 1 lane in DJ 109S (Borșa) 0+900 - Valea fărănume 149 DC 151A 0.500 0+400 A each - Borșa Crestaia 1+400 bridge direction 1+400 - 2.300 3+700 Total 0.000 0.000 1.400 0.000 2.300 0.000 3.700 3.700 DJ 109S (Giula) 1 lane for 0+000 - Bridge over Borșa 150 DC 152 - Ciumăfaia (DJ 0.800 2+000 A both 0+800 river 109) - Chidea directions 546 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 1 lane for 0+800 - 0.300 both 1+100 directions 1 lane in 1+100 - 1.200 each 2+300 direction 1 lane in 2+300 - 3.500 each 5+800 direction Total 0.000 0.800 0.000 4.700 0.300 0.000 5.800 8.500 0+000 - Bridge over 0.500 0+800 A DN 1C 0+500 Someșu Mic river 1 lane in 151 DC 153 (Sânnicoară) - each DN 1N (VOCE) 0+500 - direction 0.500 1+000 Total 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 0.000 0.000 1.000 3.800 0+000 - Feiurdeni V. DN 1C 0.750 0+550 G 0+750 bridge 1 lane in (Câmpenești) - 152 DC 154 each DC 156 0+750 - direction (Câmpenești) 3.950 4+700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.000 3.950 0.000 4.700 6.000 0+000 - 3+400 - 1 lane in each direction; DJ 161 - 3+400 - 0+000 - 153 DC 155 Cubleșu 6.780 2+400 Cubleș V. bridge A 6+780 - 1 6+780 Someșan lane for both directions , with pull-in spaces Total 0.000 0.000 6.780 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.780 6.780 0+000 - Teleacului V. DC 154 1.800 0+000 P 1+800 bridge 1 lane for (Câmpenești) - 154 DC 156 both DC 147 1+800 - directions (Feiurdeni) 4.700 6+500 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.500 0.000 6.500 6.500 1 lane in DJ 161 - 0+000 - 155 DC 157 3.200 each Cătălina 3+200 direction 547 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.200 0.000 3.200 3.200 0+ 000 - 0+000 – 2.550 2+550 2+550 – 1 lane in 2+550 - each DJ 109A 1.750 4+300 direction; 156 DC 158 (Panticeu) - 2+550 – Elciu 4+600 – 1 4+300 - lane for 0.300 both 4+600 directions Total 0.000 1.750 0.300 2.550 0.000 0.000 4.600 4.600 0+000 - Bridge over 5.670 0+250 A 1+700 PDC DJ 109B 5+670 Lujerdiu river 1 lane for 157 DC 159 (Lujerdiu) - both Bârlea - Tioltiur 5+670 - directions 0.330 6+000 Total 0.000 0.000 5.670 0.000 0.330 0.000 6.000 6.000 DJ 109B 0+000 - 3.500 0+850 Antăș V. bridge G 1 lane for (Oșorhel) - 3+500 158 DC 160 both Antăș - directions Blidărești 1+900 Antăș V. bridge A Total 0.000 0.000 3.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.500 3.500 0+000 - 3.700 2+000 Osoiului V. bridge A DJ 109A 3+700 1 lane for 159 DC 162 (Ciubăncuța) - both Osoi 3+700 - directions 0.150 3+850 Total 0.000 0.000 3.700 0.000 0.150 0.000 3.850 3.850 0+000 - 0.800 0+050 DC 0+800 1 lane for 160 DC 163 DJ 109A - Escu both 0+800 - directions 0.900 1+700 Total 0.000 0.800 0.000 0.000 0.900 0.000 1.700 1.700 1 lane in 0+000 - 1.200 1+450 DC each 1+200 direction DJ 108B 161 DC 164 (Bobâlna) - 1+200 - 2.800 1+550 DC Pruni 4+000 1 lane for both directions 4+000 - 0.300 4+300 548 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 2.800 0.300 0.000 4.300 4.300 0+000 - Bridge over Olpret DJ 108B (Maia) 5.300 0+010 A 1 lane in 5+300 river 162 DC 165 - Suarăș - each Băbdiu direction 1+700 Bobâlna V. bridge G Total 5.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.300 5.300 0+000 - 0.300 DJ 108B 0+300 1 lane for 163 DC 166 (Șomcutu Mic) - both Peștera 0+300 - directions 5+000 4.700 Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.300 0.000 4.700 5.000 5.000 0+000 - 2.000 1+600 Vale V. bridge A 2+000 1 lane for DJ 161C 164 DC 168 both (Corneni) - Vale Valea fărănume directions 1+900 A bridge Total 0.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 0+000 - Giroltului V. 5.000 4+050 G 3+300 DC 1 lane in 5+000 bridge 165 DC 169 DJ 161C - Girolt each direction 3+400 DC Total 0.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 DJ 161C 1 lane for 0+000 - 166 DC 170 (Aluniș) - 3.000 both 3+000 Pruneni directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 0+000 - Ormanului V. Asphalt 5.990 5+600 A 5+990 bridge section - 1 lane in 5+990 - Ormanului V. each DN 1C (Livada) - 0.760 6+010 P direction; 167 DC 171 6+750 bridge Orman dirt section - 1 6+750 - lane for 0.250 both 7+000 directions Total 0.000 0.000 5.990 0.760 0.250 0.000 7.000 7.000 0+000 - 0+000 - 0.200 0+200 Băița V. bridge G 0+200 1+600 - 1 DN 1C (Băița) - 168 DC 172A lane in Băița 0+200 - each 1.600 1+800 direction; 1+600 - 549 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 2+500 - 1 1+800 - lane for 0.700 2+500 both directions Total 0.000 0.000 0.200 2.300 0.000 0.000 2.500 2.500 0+000 - Valea fărănume 1.200 0+200 G 1 lane in DN 1C (Bunești) 1+200 bridge 169 DC 172B each - Bunești direction 0+900 Bunești V. bridge A Total 0.000 0.000 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.200 1.200 1 lane in 0+000 - 3.500 1+800 Nima V. bridge G each 3+500 direction DN 1C (Nima) - 170 DC 173 Nima 1 lane for 3+500 - 0.500 both 4+000 directions Total 0.000 0.000 3.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 4.000 4.000 0+000 - 2.500 2+500 1 lane for DJ 161D (Jichișu 171 DC 174 both de Sus) - Șigău 2+500 - directions 0.280 2+780 Total 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.280 0.000 0.000 2.780 2.780 0+000 - 5.000 0+200 Săcădat V. bridge VG 1+200 DC 5+000 0+600 Săcădat V. bridge VG 3+380 DC 1 lane in DJ 161D - 172 DC 175 each Tărpiu direction 4+700 Săcădat V. bridge VG 4+990 Săcădat V. bridge VG Total 0.000 5.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 0+000 - Bridge over Jichiș 1.400 0+120 A 1+400 river 1 lane in DJ 161D (Dej) - 173 DC 176 each Codor 1+400 - direction 1.600 3+000 Total 0.000 0.000 1.400 1.600 0.000 0.000 3.000 3.000 DN 1C (Câțcău) 0+000 - 0+550 - level 174 DC 177 0.050 3+050 Vadului V. bridge A 5+850 DC - Someș river 0+050 crossing 400 railway line, 550 Road condition Dams/viaducts/passes/bridges Curves Road with works in Overall Road section Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor No. of Level Measured No. Road name progress Gas stations length name lanes crossings length (km) (km) Length Km Length Km Length Length Positio Length Positio Length Conditi Position Position Position Watercourse Position Type (km) position (km) position (km) (km) n (km) n (km) on 0+050 - Valea fărănume concrete 0.500 4+550 A 6+950 DC slabs, no 0+550 bridge barriers, no warning 0+550 - Valea fărănume lights, low 1.050 5+950 A 10+250 PDC visibility, risk 1+600 bridge 1 lane for of accidents both directions Someș river - DJ 1+600 - Valea fărănume 0.350 7+000 P 109E 1+950 bridge Overlap with DJ 1+950 - Curtuiușului V. 0.900 8+450 A 109E 2+850 bridge Intersection 1 lane in 2+850 - with DJ 109E 10.150 9+250 Valea Morii bridge G each 13+000 (Vad) - Calna direction Total 0.000 0.000 11.100 0.850 1.050 0.000 13.000 13.000 0+000 - DC 177 (Bogata 1.700 1+700 1 lane for de Jos) - 175 DC 178 both CurtuiușuDejul 1+700 - directions ui 0.300 2+000 Total 0.000 1.700 0.000 0.300 0.000 0.000 2.000 2.000 Total 12.240 216.350 239.900 188.560 179.513 55.390 891.953 899.833 551 ANNEX 7. PROBLEMS AND DYSFUNCTIONS REGARDING THE NATIONAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY . Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Problems and dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). The connection with DN 15 is made by the 0.600 km long slip road, with a permanent roundabout. 2). A 1.0 km long slip road, with a permanent roundabout, is used for leaving the motorway and joining the DN 1F. 3). Between km 13+200 and 14+900, km 15+900 and 20+000, km 20+900 and 22+000, km 49+200 and 51+450 – slope section + plus pre-selection lane for heavy traffic. DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - DN 1). No motorway access from DJ 103G, DJ 107R, DJ 107L, DJ 107M, which 1 A3 1F (Nădășelu) reduces access to the motorway and influences accessibility in the territory. 4). At present, the A3 motorway, Câmpia Turzii - Nădășelu section, acts as a ring road for Câmpia Turzii City, Turda City and Cluj-Napoca City. 5). The intensity of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) is below the level specific to the road class (class I), due to the non-completion of the following A3 motorway sector: Bucharest - Ploiești - Brașov - Cluj-Napoca - Borș. 6). At km 12+250 and km 45+000 - balloon loop for changing the direction of travel on the motorway. Total 61.200 61.200 Alba County border - A3 1). Between km 65+200 and 68+700 – slope section + plus pre-selection lane for heavy traffic between km 2 A10 (Turda) 7+500 and 68+200. Total 7.590 7.590 1). Section that overlaps with the Turda built-up area - high level of noise and air pollution, roadway deformation, vibrations and risk of accidents. 1). Modernized road. 2). Intersection with no roundabout (km 448+000), which leads to traffic jams. 2). Between km 436+600 and 439+200 – steep slope section, risk of accidents and skidding + selection lane 3). The absence of road dividers over the entire length of this section increases for heavy traffic. the risk of accidents due to excessive speed. 3). Between km 436+600 and 439+200 – there is a pre-selection lane for heavy traffic (uphill) + road 4). The road section is not designed as an expressway, but it is used as an deformation - lane 1 (heavy traffic). expressway, with two lanes. Alba County border 4). At km 440+100 – permanent roundabout with a single lane (Turda). 3 DN 1 (Dumbrava) - Bihor County 5). At km 465+950 – narrowed road section slowing down the traffic, causing border traffic jams and accidents. 5). At km 446+000 – permanent roundabout with 2 lanes (Turda). 6). Section that overlaps with the Cluj-Napoca built-up area - high level of noise 6). At km 446+400 – permanent roundabout with a single lane (Turda). and air pollution, roadway deformation, vibrations and risk of accidents + intersection between DN1 and DN1C (km 477+400) – traffic congestion. 7). Between km 446+400 and 447+400 – section with one-way traffic and 2 lanes in each direction - overlap with IoanRațiu Street. 7). There is no permanent roundabout at the intersection with DJ 107P, which makes it difficult to entry and exit the DJ 107P county road. 8). Between km 451+000 and 454+600, as well as between km 457+400 and 459+100 – steep slope section, risk of skidding and road deformation lane 1 (heavy traffic). 8). Section that overlaps with the Huedin built-up area - high level of noise and air pollution, roadway deformation, vibrations and risk of accidents. 9). Between km 465+950 and 473+200 – section with 1 lane in each direction. 552 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Problems and dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 9). Within the Bucea, Negreni, Ciucea and Poieni localities - risk of pedestrian 10). Between km 466+600 and 473+200 – steep slope section, dangerous and particularly dangerous curves accidents due to the increased speed + noise and physical pollution, damage to in succession, risk of skidding and fatal accidents. the structural frame of the buildings due to the intense traffic flow. 11). Within the Tureni, Mărtinești, Vâlcele, Feleacu and Cluj-Napoca localities - risk of pedestrian accidents. 12). Starting from km 471+500 - DN 1 overlaps with the Cluj-Napoca built-up areas. 13). Between km 475+200 and 476+600 – overlap with Calea Turzii Street – steep slope section, major risk of accidents. 14). At km 469+700 – permanent roundabout with a single lane (Feleacu). 15). At km 473+200 – intersection with DJ 103U – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes (Cluj-Napoca). 16). At km 474+200 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes + pre-selection lane (Cluj-Napoca). 17). At km 483+100 – pop-up roundabout, with 2 lanes (Florești). 18). At km 485+900 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes (Florești). 19). At km 488+200 – permanent roundabout, with a single lane (Luna de Sus). 20). Between km 487+500 and 492+700 (Gilău) – the road narrows to 1 lane in each direction. 21). Section with major risk of pedestrian accidents due to increased speed, traffic congestion and jams between 06:30 - 09:00 and 16:30 - 19:30 in Florești. 22). Road section between Cluj-Napoca, Florești built-up area and Gilău built-up area – has public lighting. 23). Within the IzvoruCrișului and Căpușu Mare localities – risk of pedestrian accidents due to the roadside trade in souvenirs. 24). Between km 515+400 and 517+500, km 520+000 and 520+800, km 521+700 and 524+100, km 524+700 and 526+200 – steep slope section, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding + selection lane for heavy traffic. 25). At km 496+020 (intersection with DJ 107P) – section with risk of accidents due to the presence of pedestrians and section with traffic congestion. 26). Between km 527+900 and 531+400 – section with risk of accidents due to the increased speed, reflected glare. 27). Between km 526+900 and 527+900 – section with frequent traffic jams and traffic congestion. 28). Between km 561+000 and 564+000 – steep slope section, dangerous curves in succession, risk of skidding accidents + selection lane for heavy traffic. Total 131.000 131.000 1). At km 1+500 – permanent roundabout, 2 lanes (Mărăști Square). DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) - DN 17 1). Section with traffic congestion, risk of accidents due to the increased speed 4 DN 1C (Dej) - Sălaj County border in the localities it crosses, noise and air pollution. 2). At km 7+850 – permanent roundabout, 2 lanes ( Avram Iancu International Airport). 553 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Problems and dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 3). At km 9+580 - permanent roundabout, 2 lanes (Dezmir). 4). Overlap with the Cluj-Napoca urban transport routes. 5). Section that overlaps with the Cluj-Napoca built-up area, with many traffic-light intersections that slows down the traffic. 6). Between km 0+000 (Avram Iancu Square) and km 1+500 (Mărăști roundabout) – section that overlaps with Dorobanților Street, good condition, 3 lanes, definitive asphalt surface, one-way traffic. 7). Between km 16+120 and 16+180 – section where DN 1C overlaps with VOCE. 8). At km 16+180 – permanent roundabout, 2 lanes, intersection with VOCE, VAP and DN 1. 9). Between km 16+180 and 43+020, km 49+590 and 56+150 – section with risk of accidents due to the increased speed and the presence of pedestrians. 10). Section between the intersection with DJ 161C (59+220) in Dej City, plus section that overlaps with DJ 161C, DJ 161D, up to the roundabout where DN 1C intersects with DN 17 (61+530) - section with traffic congestion due to traffic from 2 national roads (DN 1C and DN 17) and two county roads (DJ 161C and DJ 161D). 11). At km 60+090 - permanent roundabout, 2 lanes (Dej). 12). At km 61+530 – permanent roundabout , a single lane (Dej). 13). Between km 61+530 and 76+860 – section with risk of accidents due to the increased speed. 14). Within the Urișor, Cășeiu, Coplean and Câțcău localities – major risk of pedestrian accidents. Total 76.860 76.860 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+200 – section with one-way traffic, 3 lanes in each direction - overlap with Unirii Square. 2). Between km 0+200 and 0+600 – section with 2 lanes in each direction - overlap with Ferdinand Blvd. 3). Between km 0+600 and 1+700 – section with 2 lanes in each direction + overlap with tramway track + bicycle lane in both traffic directions + overlap with Horea Street. 1). Within the Baciu, Rădaia, Nădășelu, Sânpaul, Mihăiești and Topa Mică 4). Between km 1+700 and 1+880 – section with one-way traffic, 2 lanes in each direction, overlap with Gării DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) - Sălaj 5 DN 1F localities - major risk of pedestrian accidents due to excessive speed, noise and Street + tramway track. County border air pollution. 5). Between km 1+800 and 4+400 – section with 2 lanes in each direction - overlap with SeptimiuMureșan Street + CorneliuCoposu Street. 6). At km 4+400 - permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 7). Between km 4+400 and 5+000 – section with 2 lanes in each direction - overlap with CaleaBaciului. 8). Between km 5+000 and 36+140 – section with 1 lane in each direction. 554 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Problems and dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 9). At km 16+350 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes, access to A3 motorway. 10). Between km 33+300 and 36+140 – steep slope section, risk of accidents and skidding, with pre-selection lane for heavy traffic. Total 36.140 36.140 DN 1 (Huedin) - Sălaj 1). Between km 2+800 and 3+800 – steep slope section, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding 6 DN 1G County border 1). At km 3+400 – dent in the road + road affected by landslides. accidents. Total 3.850 3.850 1). At km 15+035 – permanent roundabout. DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) - DN 1F 1). Roadway deformation due to heavy traffic. 7 DN 1J (Nădășelu) 2). Between km 1+500 and 9+300 – steep slope section, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding 2). At km 3+750 – dent in the road + road affected by landslides. accidents. Total 15.035 15.035 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1 (Huedin) to DN 1R – uncontrolled intersection + risk of accidents. 1). Between km 0+000 and 2+150 – section with risk of accidents due to the increased speed (overlaps with the Huedin built-up area). 2). Between km 8+450 and 9+350 – DN1R overlaps with a section of DJ 108C. DN 1 (Huedin) - DJ 107P - 8 DN 1R 2). Road affected by logging and timber transport. Alba County border 3). Between km 26+850 and 28+050, km 52+000 and 58+500 - steep slope section, dangerous curves in 3). Between km 33+850 and 45+150, km 47+950 and 58+550 – the road barriers succession and risk of skidding accidents. are heavily worn and there are no horizontal markings. Total 58.550 58.550 1). At km 0+000 - permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes; 2). At km 0+900 – pop-up roundabout, with a single lane; 3). At km 2+000 - permanent roundabout, with a single lane; 4). At km 2+400 - permanent roundabout, with a single lane; DJ 161B (Turda) - Mureș 9 DN 15 County border 1). Within the Luncani, Luna, Câmpia Turzii and Turda localities – risk of 5). At km 5+200 - permanent roundabout, with a single lane; pedestrian accidents due to excessive speed. 6). At km 9+150 - permanent roundabout, with a single lane; 2). Within the Luncani, Luna, Câmpia Turzii and Turda localities - damage to the structural frame of the buildings, vibrations, noise pollution. 6). At km 11+600 - permanent roundabout + access to A3 motorway. 3). Between km 0+000 and 5+200 - section with traffic congestion. 3). Between km 12+200 and 12+500 - overpass A3 (under construction). Total 21.000 21.000 1). Between km 0+400 and 0+900, km 6+200 and 7+800, km 21+300 and 22+600, DN 1C (Apahida) - Mureș km 26+800 and 27+700, km 39+550 and 40+600 – steep slope section, 1). At km 0+000 - permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 10 DN 16 County border (Sărmășel dangerous curves and risk of skidding accidents. Gară) 2). Road of regional importance, which connects the DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) and DN 15 (Reghin) from east to 2). Between km 39+550 and 40+600 – road with asphalt surface damage. west, with access to the Moldova region; 555 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Problems and dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 40.600 40.600 1). At km 0+000 – permanent roundabout, with a single lane. DN 1C limit (Dej) - Bistrița- 11 DN 17 Năsăud County border 2). Road section with risk of accidents due to excessive speed. Total 6.650 6.650 1). At km 58+350 – illegal landfill on the roadside and in the forest. Maramureș County border - 2). There is no parking for tourists set up at the border between Cluj County 1). Between km 58+342 and 60+750 – steep slope section, dangerous and particularly dangerous curves in 12 DN 18B DN 1C (Cășeiu) and Maramureș County. succession, risk of skidding accidents + overlaps with a road section with a single lane, affected by landslides. 3). No or highly damaged milestones on the entire road. Total 21.720 21.720 Alba County border 1). Intersection with a narrow-gauge railway (decommissioned); 13 DN 75 (Vidolm) - DN 1 (Mihai Viteazu) 2). Between km 143+450 and 144+900 – overlaps with DJ 107M Total 26.600 26.600 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+200 – road widening works. DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) - Fagului 14 VTCJ 1). Absolutely no road signs on DN 1 to VTCJ. Street (Cluj-Napoca) 2). Between km 1+700 and 2+453 – slope sections. Total 2.453 2.453 1). At km 17+360 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 2). At km 20+060 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 3). At km 23+664 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. DN 1 (Vâlcele) - DN 1C 15 VOCE (DN 1N) (Apahida) 4). Between km 0+700 and 6+800, km 8+200 and 10+500 – slope section + pre-selection lane for heavy traffic). 5). Road section with high risk of accidents due to excessive speed. 6). This is a section of the Cluj metropolitan area ring road. Total 23.664 23.664 1). Section with heavy traffic + section with high risk of accidents due to excessive speed + risk of traffic B-dulMuncii (Cluj-Napoca) - jams. 16 VOCNE VOCE (Sub Coastă) 2). At km 0+600 – pop-up roundabout, with a single lane. Total 4.520 4.520 556 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Problems and dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). At km 0+000 – permanent roundabout, with a single lane 1). No pre-selection lane for heavy traffic on the slope section. 2). Section with high risk of accidents due to excessive speed. DN 1C (Băița) – DN 1C 17 VGH (Bunești) 2). Between km 46+450 and 47+500 - section affected by landslides. 3). Between km 1+700 and 4+400 – slope section, no pre-selection lane for heavy traffic. 4). At km 46+450 – dangerous curve with low visibility. Total 5.047 5.047 DN 1N (Apahida) - DN 1C 18 VAP 1). Section that overlaps with DN 1C from km 15+000 to km 16+225. (Apahida) Total 1.225 1.225 Grand Total 543.704 543.704 557 ANNEX 8. PROBLEMS AND DYSFUNCTIONS REGARDING THE COUNTY ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 27+500 and 32+280 – overlaps with DN 75. 2). Between km 41+250 and 45+350 – overlaps with DJ 107L. 3). Between km 48+900 and 49+600 – overlaps with DN 1. 4). At km 41+250 - permanent roundabout, with a single lane. 5). At km 66+450 - permanent roundabout, with a single lane. Alba County border - DN 1 1 DJ 103G 1). Road section affected by mining at the Cheia quarry (33+100 - 35+950). 6). At km 72+750 – pop-up roundabout, with a single lane. (Cluj-Napoca) 5). Between km 13+200 and 15+800, km 17+480 and 18+200, km 18+500 and 20+200, km 26+000 and 26+200, km 33+200 and 35+950, km 37+250 and 37+700, km 40+550 and 40+950, km 51+150 and 54+650, km 58+150 and 59+050, km 65+550 and 66+450, km 66+650 and 66+950, km 68+350 and 69+550, km 69+550 and 70+250, km 72+750 and 73+450 – steep slope sections. 6). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.957 km. Total 60.250 61.207 DN 1 (Bologa) - DJ 108 C 2 DJ 103H 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1 towards DJ 103H (Scrind-Frăsinet). (Scrind-Frăsinet) Total 19.250 19.250 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+000 – steep slope section (15%). DJ 103G - Cheile Turzii 3 DJ 103I Chalet 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -0.200 km. Total 1.200 1.400 1). Between km 0+400 and 0+700 – steep slope section and risk of skidding accidents. 1). Low connectivity between the localities and the tourist attractions along this 2). Between km 7+100 and 9+650 – very steep slope section (>15%). road due to the non-continuous asphalt surface. DN 1R (Sîncraiu) - Vlădeasa 3). Between km 9+650 and 10+350 – overlaps with DJ 103H. 4 DJ 103J Chalet 2). Between km 7+100 and 9+650 – road section that is difficult to use during the cold and rainy season and inaccessible in the winter, with risk of skidding 4). Road with tourism potential - goes from Sâncraiu (tourist locality) to the Vlădeasa Chalet. accidents. 5). There is no sign indicating the road destination - the Vlădeasa chalet - in Sâncraiu or at the intersection with DJ 103H. Total 20.200 20.200 558 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 0+000 - 9+450 – road section with no horizontal markings. 1). Between km 0+350 and 2+150, km 3+450 and 9+450, km 21+950 and 22+650 – steep slope sections, 2). No sign indicating the direction to Căpușu Mare at the intersection from DN dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 1R; likewise, there is no sign indicating the direction to Beliș from DN 1, but to DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) - DN 1R 5 DJ 103K Dângău Mare. 2). Road with tourism potential. (Beliș) 3). No traffic pre-selection lane on DN 1 and DN 1R for access to DJ 103K. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +4.640 km. 4). At km 3+950 - dent in the road + landslide. Total 28.950 24.310 1). Between km 0+900 and 1+200, km 1+800 and 3+700 – slope road sections. DJ 108C (Mănăstireni) - DJ 2). Modernized road. 6 DJ 103L 103K (Râșca) 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -3.100 km. Total 4.900 8.000 1). Between km 0+350 and 2+200, km 3+300 and 4+800, km 5+600 and 5+800, km 6+200 and 7+500 – slope DN 1 (Vâlcele) - DJ 103G road sections, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 7 DJ 103M 1). No DJ 103M road tag on DN 1 towards Rediu - Vâlcele, from Turda. (Aiton) 2). Modernized road. Total 8.180 8.180 DN 1 (Șaula) - Sălaj County 8 DJ 103N 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1 towards DJ 103N. 1). Road modernized under the Regional Operational Program. border Total 2.800 2.800 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+200 – slope road section. 1). Absolutely no road signs (destination and road name). DN 1 N (Feleacu) - DRTV 9 DJ 103T 2). There are road signs on DN 1N, but only towards the Feleacu Ski Resort. (Feleacu) 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 3). Road of tourist importance. Total 2.450 2.450 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+600 – slope road section, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 2). The road section is doubled by a bicycle lane. DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) - DJ 10 DJ 103U 1). Risk of accidents due to increased speed and pedestrian crossings. 107R (Cluj-Napoca) 3). Road of tourist importance. 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -0.800 km. Total 2.200 3.000 559 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 0+000 and 2+500, km 3+400 and 4+000, km 5+800 and 7+000 – steep slope sections, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding. 1). No road signs on DJ 107P towards DJ 103V (Vălișoara). 2). Between km 9+600 and 14+000 – road section that overlaps with DJ 107M. DJ 107P (Someșu Rece) - DJ 11 DJ 103V 2). Incorrect road tag on DJ 107M towards Stolna (DC 97 instead of DJ 103V). 3). Between km 14+000 and 16+300 – modernized road section. 107L (Vălișoara) 3). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 107L, towards DJ 103V (Someșu Rece). 4). Between km 2+500 and 3+000 – road section with a potential for tourist and leisure activities. 5). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -0.335 km. Total 20.740 21.075 DN 1 (Florești) - Florești 12 DJ 105L 1). Between km 1+400 and 2+500 – section affected by landslides. 1). Incorrect road sign on DN 1 (DC 96 instead of DJ 105L). Monastery Total 3.500 3.500 1). Between km 12+900 and 13+500, km 13+500 and 15+400 – steep slope road sections. 2). At km 0+200 – permanent roundabout, with a single lane. 13 DJ 105S DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) - Boju 3). Between km 0+200 and 3+400 – bicycle lane section (overlap with Someșeni Street). 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +0.200 km. Total 15.400 15.200 1). Between km 0+000 and 3+700 – section with risk of accidents and loss of life due to excessive speed. 1). Incorrect road sign for access from DN 1F to Berindu. DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) - DN 1F 14 DJ 105T (Berindu) 2). Between km 14+800 and 19+750 – the dirt section makes the road impassable during the cold and rainy 2). No pre-selection lane for access to DJ 105T. season, thus failing to ensure connectivity between Popești (DN 1F) and Berindu (DN 1F). Total 21.750 21.750 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. Alba County border (9+860) 15 DJ 107F 1). Road modernized through the Regional Operational Program. - DN 15 1). Absolutely no road signs on DN 15 to DJ 107F (Unirea). Total 4.510 4.510 1). Between km 4+000 and 6+000, km 8+970 and 11+250 – steep slope road sections, with water erosion and washing processes). 1). The road signs on DJ 107M (Săvădisla) indicate the direction to Finișel, with a communal road tag, not to Cerc (DJ 107J). 2). Between km 20+850 and 22+150 – road affected by water erosion and washing processes). DJ 107M (Săvădisla) - Finișel 16 DJ 107J - Valea Ierii - Caps - Cerc 2). The dirt section makes the road impassable, thus failing to ensure 3). Road of tourist importance, connecting the Săvădisla, Muntele Rece, Valea Ierii, Muntele Mare tourist connectivity between Finișel (DJ 107M) and Plopi (DJ 107N). areas. 4). Between km 11+250 and 14+650 – road section that overlaps with DJ 107N. 560 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 5). The road is incorrectly marked on Google Maps. 6). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +3.002 km. Total 22.150 19.148 1). At km 0+500 – pop-up, with a single lane. 2). Between km 0+500 and 1+850, km 4+600 and 5+700, km 7+450 and 9+100 – slope road sections. 3). Between km 1+850 and 14+300 – road section modernized by the Cluj County Council. 1). Uncontrolled intersection on DN 1, which increases the risk of accidents and 4). Between km 14+300 and 15+300 – road work - modernization under the Regional Operational Program. traffic jams. DN 1 (Turda) - DJ 107M 5). Between km 3+400 and 7+450 – road section that overlaps with DJ 103G. 17 DJ 107L (Lita) 2). No road signs and pre-selection lane on DN 1 towards DJ 107L to Lita. 6). At km 3+400 – intersection with DJ 103G and road sign to Lita. 3). At km 1+300, 1+600 – section affected by landslides. 7). Between km 15+300 and 22+900 – modernized road section. 8). Between km 22+900 and 24+900 – road section that overlaps with DJ 107R. 9). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -0.450 km. Total 30.500 30.950 1). Between km 0+000 and 21+300 – road work. 2). Road section with partially completed rehabilitation works. 3). Steep slope road section, risk of accidents - Săvădisla administrative border. 4). Between km 12+800 and 21+300 – road section where the previously modernized asphalt surface is being restored. 1). Road barriers are heavily worn. DN 1 (Luna de Sus) - Buru - 5). Between km 21+300 and 24+400 – road section with partially completed rehabilitation works + road 2). The vertical road signs are missing or hardly visible. Alba County border section where the previously modernized asphalt surface is being restored. 18 DJ 107M 3). Milestones are heavily worn. 6). Within the Iara built-up area – poor road condition. 4). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 7). At km 37+400 - drinking water spring – not set up. 8). Between km 21+300 - 24+400 – road section that overlaps with DJ 107R. 9). Between km 38+700 and 40+100 – road section that overlaps with DN 75. 10). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +1.100 km. Total 43.100 42.000 561 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Low connectivity between Băișoara and Muntele Rece due to the gravel road section in the mountain area, which is difficult to use due to the road surface condition. 1). Between km 20+300 and 29+300, km 11+150 and 17+350 – steep slope road sections, dangerous curves in succession, risk of skidding, difficult to use during the cold and rainy season, including in the summer. 2). Incorrect road sign at the exit from Someșu Rece - DJ 107P instead of DJ 107N. 2). Road of tourist importance. DJ 107M (Băișoara) - DJ 3). At the intersection with DJ 107S there is no road sign indicating the direction 19 DJ 107N 107P (Someșu Rece) to Valea Ierii and Băișoara, but only to the Muntele Rece Monastery. 3). At km 22+600 – set up drinking water spring. 4). The gravel road section is heavily affected by the mountainside washing, 4). The road provides access to the Muntele Rece Monastery and the Cemetery dedicated to World War II falling rocks and streamcutting erosion. heroes. 5). No milestones on the gravel section, no information sign for vehicle restricted access. Total 36.200 36.200 1). Between km 26+400 and 32+700 – steep slope section and risk of skidding accidents. DN 1 (Gilău) - intersection with DJ 107N (Someșu 1). No horizontal markings and no vertical road signs. 2). Between km 3+800 and 23+600 – road work. 20 DJ 107P Rece) - intersection with DN 1R (Beliș-Fântânele 2). No road barriers. 3). Between km 3+800 and 35+000, km 35+000 and 44+400 – road section at risk of being covered with snow. reservoir) 4). Between km 43+300 and 44+400, km 11+100 and 11+300 – risk of trees falling and accidents. Total 44.260 44.260 1). At km 0+500 – traffic is difficult at the intersection with the tramway track + RATUC. 2). Between km 0+500 and 7+400 – there are no spaces set up for 1). Between km 0+500 and 7+400, km 6+900 and 22+000 – modernized tourist road sections. parking/stopping/resting. 2). Bicycle lane set up between the intersection with Primăverii Street and RoataFăget Restaurant. 3). No roundabout at the intersection with DJ 103U. 3). At km 10+600 – set up rest area + risk of accidents in the Sălicea built-up areas. DN1 - Băișoara - Muntele 4). Between km 6+900 and 22+000 – there are no spaces set up for 21 DJ 107R Băișorii resort parking/stopping/resting. 4). Between km 22+000 and 23+800 – road section that overlaps with DJ 107L, road stripping works. 5). At km 16+400 – section affected by landslides. 5). Between km 29+500 and 31+200 – road section that overlaps with DJ 107M, road stripping works. 6). At km 17+700 – undersized bridge (Sălicea V.), damage to the structural 6). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -5.150 frame. km. 7). Between km 22+000 and 23+800, km 29+500 and 31+200 – difficult traffic flow. Total 53.500 58.650 1). No road sign at the intersection with DJ 107N and DJ 107T. DJ 107N (Gura Râșca) - DJ 22 DJ 107S 1). Road with tourism potential. 107T (Măguri Răcătău) 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 562 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 3). No milestones. Total 11.000 11.000 1). Between km 7+550 and 11+190 – steep slope road section (15%), difficult to use during the cold and rainy 1). The road fails to ensure connectivity between Mărișel and Măguri Răcătău, season, and inaccessible in the winter. respectively between Măguri Răcătău, Blăjoaia and the Alba County border due DJ 107P (Mărișel) - Măguri to the poor and very poor condition of the road surface. 23 DJ 107T Răcătău - Alba County 2). Road with tourism potential. border 2). At the intersection from DJ 107S to Mărișel, there is no road sign indicating 3). Between km 20+890 and 46+000 – the road overlaps with a poorly maintained logging road, very difficult the direction to Blăjoaia and the Alba County border (DJ 107T). to access - the length of the inaccessible road segment in the mountain could not be verified. Total 46.000 46.000 1). No road signs on DN 1 towards DJ 108A to Vânători - the destination Românași (SJ) is mentioned. DN 1 (Ciucea) - Vânători - 24 DJ 108A Sălaj County border 2). No pre-selection lane for access to DJ 108A. 3). The road is affected by sand or gravel extraction. Total 7.400 7.400 Sălaj County border 1). Modernized road. (21+200) - Dej built-up area 1). Between km 21+200 and 24+900; km 25+200 and 54+000 - road section 25 DJ 108B border - Intersection with affected by landslides. 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +0.700 DN 1C (Dej) km. Total 33.900 33.200 DN 1 (Bucea) - Bihor County DJ 108I 1). No road signs and pre-selection lane on DN 1 towards DJ 108I. border Total 0.700 0.700 1). Between km 19+900 and 21+400, km 26+100 and 26+800, km 31+700 and 35+000, km 62+900 and 66+000 – steep slope road section, dangerous and particularly dangerous curves in succession, risk of skidding accidents. 2). Important road in the county, connecting 3 national roads: DN 1, DN 1J and DN 1R. DN 1J (Gârbău) - DJ 763 1). The bridges and the corresponding asphalt sections are not modernized 26 DJ 108C 3). Road of tourist importance, connecting the Mănăstireni, Călata, Mărgău, Răchițele, DodaPilii and Padiș (DodaPilii) between the intersection with DN 1R and Răchițele. tourist areas. 4). Between km 40+100 and 41+000 – road section that overlaps with DN 1R. 5). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -9.776 km. Total 74.600 84.376 563 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Bihor County border 1). No road signs on DJ 764 towards DJ 108K - Alba County border 27 DJ 108K (26+455) - DJ 764 (Drăgan- Floroiu dam) 2). No road signs on DJ 108K towards DJ 764 (Drăgan-Floroiu dam). Total 3.040 3.040 1). Road of inter-county importance, connecting Cluj County and Sălaj County. DJ 108C (Aghireșu) - Sălaj 2). Between km 0+500 and 2+700 – slope road section. 28 DJ 108N County border 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -0.100 km. Total 2.700 2.800 1). DJ 109 is included in the Regional Operational Program for modernization - Improving road infrastructure DN 1C (Răscruci) - Sălaj of regional importance. Northern Transylvania regional route, the Bistrița Road, through the modernization 29 DJ 109 County border and rehabilitation of DJ 109 from DN 1C to Sălaj County border (0+000 - 31+976). 2). Road of regional importance, connecting the Someșul Mic corridor over the Cluj Hills, to Hida (DN 1G). Total 32.670 32.670 1). Between km 1+900 and 2+700 – section that overlaps with the tramway track on Oașului Street. 2). Between km 27+100 and 37+900 – steep slope sections, risk of being covered with snow and skidding accidents. 1). Existence of 1 pop-up roundabout at the intersection between Giordano 3). Bicycle lane, 0.800 km long, on Maramureșului Street. Bruno Street and Maramureșului Street. 4). At km 0+125 – pop-up roundabout, with a single lane. DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) - Sălaj 30 DJ 109A 2). Existence of 2 pop-up roundabouts on Maramureșului Street. County border 5). At km 1+320 – pop-up roundabout, with a single lane. 3). Between km 48+600 and 56+200 – undersized section for a county road + no pull-in spaces + no vertical road signs and no horizontal markings. 6). At km 1+9 – pop-up roundabout, with a single lane. 7). At km 2+650 - permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 8). Between km 9+500 and 27+100 – modernized road section + the vertical road signs and the road barriers are heavily worn. Total 57.300 57.300 1). At km 2+950 – dent in the road. 1). Between km 24+000 and 25+900 – steep slope road section, curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 2). At km 16+900 – no horizontal markings, the road barriers and the milestones DN 1C (Fundătura) - DJ 31 DJ 109B are heavily worn. 2). Between km 0+000 and 19+300 – modernized road section. 108B (Oșorhel) 3). Between km 19+300 and 30+000 – road section affected by landslides, 3). The road section is not modernized, thus ensuring a low degree of connectivity between Tiocu de Sus and subsidence, rupture. Oșorhel. Total 30.000 30.000 564 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 3+850 and 4+150 – road section that overlaps with DJ 172F. 2). Between km 5+590 and 43+890 – modernized road section. 3). Between km 0+000 and 4+100 – road section with risk of accidents due to increased speed and pedestrian crossings. DN 1C (Bunești) - DN 16 1). Absolutely no road signs on DN 1C (Bunești) to Gherla, MintiuGherlii, Geaca, 32 DJ 109C (Cămărașu) Reghin. 4). Important road in the county, connecting DN 1C (Gherla) with DN 16 (Cămărașu). 5). Road of tourist importance, providing access to the lacustrine complex on Fizeșului Valley. 6). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +4.690 km. Total 43.890 39.200 1). Between km 9+500 and 13+100, km 19+790 and 21+000, km 21+800 and 23+500 – steep slope sections. 2). Between km 26+800 and 28+500 – road section that overlaps with DJ 161. 3). Modernized road. 4). At km 11+100 – dent in the road. 1). Road sign on DJ 109C (Gherla) indicating only the direction to Sic and not to 5). Between km 23+500 and 25+350 – road section affected by subsidence, inflation, wet areas. the final destination - Juc-Herghelie. DJ 109C (Gherla) - DN 1C 33 DJ 109D 6). At km 33+490 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. (Juc-Herghelie) 2). At the end of the road (DN 1C) - road sign indicating only the direction to Sic, not to Gherla. 3). Due to the heavy traffic on DN 1C, access to DJ 109D is 7). Important road in the county, connecting DJ 109C with DJ 161 and DN 1C. extremely difficult. 8). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Nicula Monastery, the Sic tourist locality, the Stufărișurile natural protected area in Sic and the LaculȘtiucii natural protected area. 9). Road affected by landslides, subsidence, inflation. 10). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.270 km. Total 33.850 34.120 DJ 108B (Dej) - Sălaj County 1). Between km 0+450 and 1+750 – road section where the milestones, road 1). Between km 2+500 and 2+600 – road rupture as a result of a massive landslide caused by the corrosive 34 DJ 109E border barriers and road signs are heavily worn. action of the groundwater from the landfill in Dej + risk of traffic interruption on this section. Total 17.000 17.000 1). No pre-selection lane for access to DJ 109S from DJ 109A. DJ 109A (Vechea) - DJ 109 35 DJ 109S (Borșa) 2). The road sign indicating the direction is incorrectly placed. Total 14.320 14.320 565 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 1+850 and 2+860 – steep slope road section, particularly dangerous curves in succession and DJ 109D (Nicula) - Nicula risk of skidding accidents. 36 DJ 109T 1). No county road tag on DJ 109D towards DJ 109T (Nicula Monastery). Monastery 2). Road of tourist importance. Total 2.860 2.860 1). Between km 0+000 and 2+900, km 9+350 and 11+450 – steep slope road sections, dangerous curves in DJ 109A (Cluj-Napoca) - DJ succession, risk of skidding and accidents. 37 DJ 109V 1). No pre-selection lane from DJ 109A to DJ 109V. 109S (Giula) 2). Between km 0+000 and 2+900 - road section affected by landslides. Total 15.390 15.390 1). No road tag for DJ 150 on DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) towards Mociu - Pălatca from Turda. 1). Between km 22+750 and 24+200, km 24+900 and 25+400, km 26+800 and 29+850, km 30+500 and 32+500, km 45+500 and 45+900, km 48+100 and 51+250 - slope road sections, dangerous and particularly 2). No pre-selection lane for access to DJ 150. dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 3). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161G (Pălatca) to Mociu-Câmpia Turzii. 2). On the whole, the road is of economic importance for the area, connecting DN 15 with DN 16. DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - DJ 4). The dirt section makes the road impassable, thus failing to ensure 3). The road sign on DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) from Turda indicates the direction to Viișoara – 2.5 km. 38 DJ 150 161G (Pălatca) connectivity between Mociu and Pălatca through Chesău. 4). Between km 40+700 and 43+600 – road section that overlaps with DN 16. 5). Very poor quality repairs on the Falca - Mociu section, the road cannot be classified in the medium condition category upon their completion. 5). On Google Maps - wrong DJ 150 route between Falca and Mociu. 6). The road section between Câmpia Turzii and Bolduț is affected by heavy 6). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +1.670 traffic, due to the operations of the Wienerberger brick and ceramic block km. factory. Total 51.250 49.580 1). No road tag on DN 15. 1). Between km 2+550 and 3+100 – road section closed to public traffic - RoAF 71st Air Base military area. DN 15 (Luna) - RoAF 71st Air 39 DJ 150A Base 2). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 15 towards DJ 150A (RoAF 71st Air 2). Road with a special function, connecting DN 15 with the RoAF 71st Air Base. Base). Total 3.160 3.160 1). Between km 13+000 and 15+500, km 17+850 and 21+900 – slope road sections, dangerous and particularly dangerous curves in succession, risk of skidding accidents. Mureș County border - DJ 40 DJ 151C 150 2). Road modernized under the Regional Operational Program. 3). Road of inter-county importance, connecting DJ 150 and DJ 151. Total 10.200 10.200 1). The gravel section between km 43+400 and 51+380 ensures a low 1). Between km 6+000 - 7+600 – road section that overlaps with DJ 109D. DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - Sălaj 41 DJ 161 connectivity with Sălaj County, as it is difficult to use during the cold and rainy County border (Sărata) season. 2). Between km 17+000 and 18+600 – road section that overlaps with DN 1C. 566 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 3). Between km 42+900 - 43+400 – road section that overlaps with DJ 109A. 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +1.600 km. Total 51.380 49.780 1). Between km 6+300 and 9+700, km 12+200 and 15+250, km 21+600 and 23+000 – slope road sections, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 1). At km 7+100 - dent in the road + landslide. 2). Between km 7+000 and 8+200 - road section affected by landslides and road rupture. 2). No pre-selection lane and no road signs indicating the direction to DJ 161A DN 1C (Apahida) - DJ 150 on DN 1 C (Apahida). 42 DJ 161A 3). Between km 23+000 and 30+200 – road section modernized through the Regional Operational Program - (Ceanu Mare) it is worth mentioning that the road section has been modernized from its end to its origin and that the new 3). Between km 0+000 (Apahida) and 23+000 (Ceanu Mare), the road surface milestones are inconsistent with the old ones. condition often varies from poor to good + no horizontal markings, the traffic signs and milestones are heavily worn. 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +0.400 km. Total 30.200 29.800 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+300, km 9+400 and 10+000, km 14+100 and 16+200, km 17+200 and 19+600, km 25+400 and 26+300, km 26+900 and 28+500, km 41+00 and 42+700 – steep slope road sections, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 2). At km 28+250 – permanent roundabout, with a single lane. 1). The dirt road section between km 5+200 and 10+000 is impassable during the cold and rainy season, thus failing to ensure connectivity between Ceanu 3). At km 28+500 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. Mare and Turda. 4). At km 29+250 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 2). Absolutely no road signs indicating the DJ 161B and the destination in the DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) - DC 43 DJ 161B point of origin (DJ 161A). 68A (Călărași Gară) 5). At km 30+450 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 3). Due to the low degree of connectivity ensured by the dirt section, the Stârcu 6). High variety of road surfaces of different quality. and Andici localities have seen a population decline and deconstruction. 7). Between km 29+250 and 30+000 – road section that overlaps with DN 1. 4). The road does not intersect with an equivalent or higher class road. 8). Between km 30+000 and 30+450 – road section that overlaps with DN 15. 9). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +0.520 km. Total 46.500 45.980 1). Absolutely no road signs on DN 1C to OcnaDejului, Pintic and Iclod. 1). Between km 27+550 and 28+250, km 22+350 and 23+150, km 20+750 and 21+450 – steep slope road sections, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 2). Because of the dirt section between Corneni and Pintic, which cannot be used for traffic, the DJ 161C county road fails to ensure connectivity between Iclod 2). At km 31+560 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 44 DJ 161C DN 1C (Iclod) - DN 1C (Dej) and Dej. 3). At km 31+800 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 3). The lack of connectivity between Iclod and Dej is blocking the development of this (central) part of the county. 4). At km 32+000 – permanent roundabout, with a single lane. 567 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 5). At km 32+150 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 6). Between km 25+150 and 32+450 – road section with risk of accidents due to increased speed and pedestrian crossings. 7). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +6.150 km. Total 32.450 26.300 1). Between km 0+400 and 2+200, km 53+150 and 54+650, km 56+150 and 57+950 – steep slope road sections and dangerous curves in succession, risk of skidding accidents. 2). Between km 1+200 and 1+500 – road section with falling rocks. 3). At km 7+700 – drinking water spring + set up parking spaces. 1). Because of the dirt section between Valea Ungurașului and Ceaba, which cannot be used for traffic, the county road fails to ensure connectivity between 4). Between km 11+600 and 14+450 – road section with risk of accidents due to the increased speed and the DC 174 (Jichișu de Sus) - DJ Valea Ungurașului, Ceaba, Târgușor, with a connection to DJ 109C and DJ 161E. presence of pedestrians. 45 DJ 161D 172F - Valea Ungurașului - Ceaba - DJ 161E (Târgușor) 2). The lack of connectivity between Valea Ungurașului and Ceaba is blocking 5). Between km 14+450 and 15+070 – road section that overlaps with DJ 161C. the development of this (central-eastern) part of the county. 6). Between km 15+070 and 17+170 – road section that overlaps with DN 1C. 7). Between km 18+570 and 19+420 – road section that overlaps with DJ 172F. 8). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +0.959 km. Total 56.650 55.691 1). Between km 5+400 and 7+830; km 13+230 and 15+630; km 18+230 and 21+130 – slope road sections. 1). At km 0+900 – dent in the road. 2). The road represents the eastern peripheral segment of the county road network, with very low 2). At km 5+350 – ford crossing (destroyed bridge over DivicioriiMici V.). connectivity, which affects the traffic flows from north to south within the network. DJ 161D (Târgușor) - DJ 3). The dirt section between DivicioriiMici and the intersection with DJ 172A is 46 DJ 161E 3). High variety of road surfaces of different quality, which means that the road cannot be used uniformly. 109C (Hodaie) in a very poor condition, impassable and does not ensure connectivity between DJ 161D (Târgușor) and DJ 172A, continuing to Buza, towards DJ 109C (Hodaie). 4). Road of inter-county importance, connecting Dej and Reghin, through Sărmașu. 4). The lack of connectivity between DivicioriiMici and DJ 172A is blocking the 5). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +1.230 development of this (central-eastern) part of the county. km. Total 28.740 27.510 1). No road signs on DJ 161E towards Cătina (DJ 161F). DJ 161E (Valea Caldă) - DC 47 DJ 161F 1). The road does not intersect with an equivalent or higher class road. 22 (Cătina) 2). The road does not ensure connectivity with Bistrița-Năsăud County. Total 1.500 1.500 568 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). At km 14+180 - landslide, road subsidence, very poor condition. 1). Between km 0+600 and 1+100, km 8+700 and 9+000, km 10+300 and 13+750 – slope road sections. 2). At km 17+200 - subsiding road section. 2). Between km 18+600 and 19+800 – road section that overlaps with DN 16. 3). Incorrect road sign on DJ 109C (Sucutard) to Palatca - DC 29 road tag. 48 DJ 161G DJ 109C (Sucutard) - Căianu 3). At km 16+800 – set up drinking water spring. 4). No pre-selection lane on DN 16 for access to Sucutard and Căianu. 4). High variety of road surfaces of different quality, which means that the road cannot be properly used. 5). No road tag indicating the direction to Căianu from DN 16. 5). The road ends in Căianu, without intersecting with an equivalent or higher class road. 6). No road signs on DN 16 towards Sucutard (DJ 161G). Total 23.106 23.106 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 16, towards DJ 161H. 49 DJ 161H DN 16 - DC 48 (Suatu) 1). Road modernized through the Regional Operational Program. 2). The road does not connect with an equivalent or higher class road. Total 4.000 4.000 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+900 – slope road section, water erosion and washing processes. 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 16, towards DJ 161J. DN 16 (Zorenii de Vale) - DJ 2). Road of tourist importance, providing access to the Geaca lacustrine complex. 50 DJ 161J 109C (Geaca) 2). The intersection on DN 16 is in a dangerous curve. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +0.200 km. Total 7.300 7.100 1). Between km 7+500 and 9+000, km 10+000 and 10+600, km 13+550 and 14+700 – steep slope road sections, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding. 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 16 for access to DJ 161K. DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - DJ 51 DJ 161K 2). Between km 14+700 and 20+900 – modernized road section. 161G (Chiriș) 2). No milestones and no horizontal markings. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +0.780 km. Total 20.900 20.120 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1F. 2). No road signs indicating the direction from DN 1F and DJ 109. DN 1F (Topa Mică) - DJ 109 52 DJ 170B 1). Classified county road, which is currently not used for road traffic. (Așchileu Mic) 3). The complete dirt section makes the road impassable during the cold and rainy season, thus failing to ensure connectivity between Topa Mică (DN 1F) and Așchileu Mic (DJ 109). Total 8.000 8.000 1). Between km 33+400 and 36+300 – slope road section. Bistrița-Năsăud County 1). Due to the predominantly poor condition of its surface, the road ensures low 53 DJ 172A border - DJ 109C (Țaga) connectivity between DJ 109C (BN) and DJ 161E (CJ) and Bistrița-Năsăud County. 2). Road of inter-county importance, connecting Cluj County with Bistrița-Năsăud County. 569 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 2). Incorrect road sign on DJ 109C, with a communal road tag. 3). Absolutely no road signs at the intersection with DJ 161E. Total 6.400 6.400 1). Between km 14+800 and 15+300 – steep slope road section. 2). Between km 2+420 and 2+720 – road section that overlaps with DJ 109C. 1). At km 15+150 – rupture + caved-in road, risk of blocking the traffic. 3). Between km 15+520 and 16+370 – road section that overlaps with DJ 161D. DN 1C (Gherla) - Bistrița- 54 DJ 172F Năsăud County border 2). Between km 15+500 and 26+190 – road section with high risk of accidents 4). Road of inter-county importance, connecting Cluj County with Bistrița-Năsăud County, with the role of due to increased speed. relieving the traffic congestion on DN 17. 5). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +3.640 km. Total 26.210 22.570 DN 18B (Chiuiești) - Cășiel 55 DJ 182E 1). No horizontal markings and no vertical road signs. 1). Between km 5+000 and 7+000 – road section narrowed down to a single lane. Monastery Total 7.000 7.000 1). Between km 8+200 and 9+200 – steep slope road section. 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+800, km 6+450 and 11+400 - no horizontal DN 17 (Cuzdrioara) - DN markings + no milestones. 2). Between km 8+200 and 9+200 - road section affected by landslides. 56 DJ 182F 18B (Rugășești) 2). At km 5+500 - ford crossing over Gârboului V. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of +1.420 km. Total 11.400 9.980 1). Between km 31+350 and 33+600, km 34+900 and 35+800 – steep slope road sections, dangerous curves Sălaj County border - DJ in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 57 DJ 191D 1). No horizontal and vertical markings, road barriers and milestones. 108A (Vânători) 2). Modernized road. Total 4.470 4.470 Bihor County border - DJ 58 DJ 763 1). The entire road is at risk of being covered with snow. 108C (DodaPilii) Total 10.500 10.500 1). Road affected by logging. 1). Between km 19+550 and 23+300 – steep slope section, risk of accidents and skidding. DN 1 - Valea Drăganului - 59 DJ 764B 2). Due to the poor condition of the asphalt surface, the road ensures a low 2). At km 17+400 – drinking water spring + set up parking spaces. LuncaVișagului – DJ 108K connectivity in the Valea Drăganului - Flororiu Lake tourist area and Bihor County. 3). Road of tourist importance on Valea Drăganului. 570 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 22.600 22.600 Total 1336.526 1324.763 571 ANNEX 9. PROBLEMS AND DYSFUNCTIONS REGARDING THE COMMUNAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 0+150 and 0+900; km 1+200 and 1+700 – steep slope road sections, risk of skidding. 1 DC 1 DN 1C - Muncel 1). No pull-in spaces on a road with a single lane. 2). Modernized road. Total 3.400 3.400 DN 1C (Câțcău) - Sălișca - 1). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 2 DC 2 DN 1C (Coplean) 0.900 km. Total 4.600 5.500 1). At km 5+000 – ford crossing over Comorâța V. (no bridge). 1). Between km 5+700 and 6+100 – steep slope section. DN 18B (Rugășești) - Guga - 3 DC 3 Comorâța 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 2). Between km 3+200 and 4+800 – asphalt road narrowed down to a single lane. Total 7.420 7.420 4 DC 4 DC 3 (Guga) - Custura 1). Absolutely no road signs on DC 3 (road name - DC 4 + destination - Custura). Total 2.400 2.400 5 DC 5 DN 18B (Sălătruc) - Leurda 1). Road affected by landslides. 1). Between km 0+100 and 2+000 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. Total 3.700 3.700 1). Absolutely no road signs on DN 18B (road tag - DC 6 + destination - DosuBricii). DN 1B (Chiuiești) - 6 DC 6 DosuBricii 2). Between km 0+100 and 3+900 - road section which is impassable during the cold and rainy season, ensuring a low connectivity between Chiuiești and DosuBricii. Total 3.900 3.900 1). Between km 5+600 and 7+000 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. DJ 182E (Valea Cășeielului) - 7 DC 7 2). Between km 8+400 and 8+600 – steep slope road section and risk of accidents. Strâmbu - Huta 3). Modernized road. Total 8.600 8.600 DC 9A (Valea lui Opriș) - 8 DC 8 Valea lui Opriș Total 1.000 1.000 572 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) DJ 182E (Chiuiești) - Valea 9 DC 9A lui Opriș Total 3.900 3.900 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 17 to DC 10. DN 17 (Mănășturel) - 2). Absolutely no road signs on DN 17 (road tag - DC 10 + destination - 10 DC 10 1). Modernized road. Mănășturel Mănășturel). 3). No connection with DN 17 at the end of the road. Total 1.900 1.900 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161D (road tag - DC 12 + destination - Daroț). 2). The road ensures a low connectivity due to the gravel and dirt sections in 1). Between km 1+000 and 1+200, km 1+550 and 3+950 - slope road sections. 11 DC 12 DJ 161D (Unguraș) - Daroț poor and very poor condition. 2). The road serves a depopulated locality. 3). The road is difficult to use throughout the year and inaccessible during the cold and rainy season. Total 5.000 5.000 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161D towards DC 13 (Batin). 12 DC 13 DJ 161D (Batin) - Batin 1). Modernized road. 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt surface road section. Total 2.000 2.000 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161D towards DC 14 (Sicfa). 2). The road ensures a low connectivity due to the dirt section in poor and very 1). The road serves a depopulated locality. 13 DC 14 DJ 161D - Sicfa poor condition. 3). The road is difficult to use throughout the year and inaccessible during the cold and rainy season. Total 2.000 2.000 1). Between km 3+800 and 5+850 – very steep slope road sections, difficult to use. 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161D towards DC 114A (Beudiu - BN). Bistrița-Năsăud County 2). Road of inter-county importance. 14 DC 14A border - DJ 161D (Valea 2). The road does not ensure the connectivity between Valea Ungurașului (CJ) Ungurașului) and Beudiu (BN) due to the dirt section, which is difficult to use throughout the 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.300 year and inaccessible during the cold and rainy season. km. Total 2.200 2.500 DJ 172F (MintiuGherlii) - 1). Between km 1+400 and 3+600, km 4+000 and 6+050 – steep slope road sections, dangerous and 15 DC 16 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 172F towards DC 16 (Pădureni). Pădureni particularly dangerous curves in succession, risk of skidding accidents. 573 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 7.000 7.000 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 172F towards DC 17 (Valea Cireșoii). 1). Between km 0+020 and 0+400 – steep slope road sections. 2). The road ensures a low connectivity due to the gravel and dirt sections in DJ 172F (Valea Luncii) - 16 DC 17 poor and very poor condition. 2). The road serves a depopulated locality. Valea Cireșoii 3). The road is difficult to use throughout the year and inaccessible during the cold and rainy season. Total 1.600 1.600 1). Between km 5+100 and 5+300 – slope road section. 2). Road of tourist importance, providing access to the fishing and recreation lakes: Cătina, TăuPopii and DJ 161E (Valea Caldă) - DJ 17 DC 18 1). Absolutely no road signs at the points of origin and destination. Geaca. 109C (Geaca) 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 0.300 km. Total 5.300 5.000 18 DC 19 DJ 161E - Măhal 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161E towards DC 19 (Măhal) Total 2.000 2.000 19 DC 20 DJ 161E (Buza) - Rotunda 1). No road signs and road tag on DJ 161E towards Rotunda. Total 6.200 6.200 1). Between km 2+000 and 2+300 – steep slope road section affected by water erosion and washing processes. 1). Between km 4+400 and 4+700, km 5+100 and 5+400, km 5+900 and 6+300, km 6+500 and 7+000 – slope road sections. 2). No road signs on DJ 161F towards Copru and no communal road tag. DJ 161F (Cătina) - DJ 161E 2). The road is difficult to use during the cold and rainy season due to its poor surface quality, thus ensuring 20 DC 21 (Feldioara) 3). No road signs on DJ 161E (Feldioara) towards Cătina and no communal road a low connectivity between Cătina, Copru and Feldioara. tag. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 4). Between km 2+500 and 2+900, km 3+200 and 4+200 - steep slope section, 0.300 km. affected by water erosion and washing processes, risk of skidding accidents. Total 7.200 7.500 1). No road sign on DC 21 indicating the direction to Țagu (Bistrița-Năsăud County border). DC 21 (Cătina) - Bistrița- 1). Between km 2+300 and 2+800 – steep slope road section affected by water erosion and washing 21 DC 21B Năsăud County border processes, risk of skidding accidents. 2). The road section is difficult to use during the cold and rainy season, thus ensuring a low connectivity between Cătina (CJ) and Țagu (BN). Total 4.500 4.500 574 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 1+000 and 1+500, km 1+800 and 2+600, km 2+600 and 2+900 km – steep slope road sections. 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161F (Cătina) to Hagău – Hodaie. DJ 161F (Cătina) - Hagău - 22 DC 22 2). The road ensures a low connectivity due to the steep slope section between Hagău and Cătina. DJ 161E (Hodaie) 2). No road tag from Hodaie to Hagău-Fânațe; the final destination, Cătina, is not mentioned. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 1.600 km. Total 6.500 8.100 23 DC 23 DJ 172A (Țaga) - Năsal 1). No road tag from DJ 172A towards DC 23 (Năsal). 1). Road of tourist importance, providing access to the Țaga fishing and recreation lake. Total 6.350 6.350 24 DC 24 DJ 109C (Lacu) - Lacu 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 1). Modernized road. Total 1.600 1.600 1). Between km 0+050 and 0+350, km 2+950 and 4+300, km 4+350 and 6+300, km 7+900 and 9+000, km 9+800 and 10+700 – slope road sections. DJ 109C (Sâmboleni) - 1). The information on Google Maps regarding the route from Sâmboleni to 25 DC 25 2). Between km 4+350 and 6+300 – overlaps with DN 16. Zorenii de Vale - Năoiu Năoiu is incorrect. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.400 km. Total 12.600 13.000 1). Between km 0+500 and 2+500 – slope road section. 2). Due to poor condition of the gravel section, the road ensures a low connectivity between Petea and DJ 161G (Petea) - DJ 109C 26 DC 30 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161G towards Legii and Geaca. Legii. (Geaca) 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 0.700 km. Total 6.700 6.000 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161 towards DC 32 (Coasta - Tăușeni). DJ 161 (Bonțida) - Coasta - 27 DC 32 2). Because of the dirt sections which cannot be used for traffic, the road fails to 1). Important road in the area (Cluj Metropolitan Area). Tăușeni - DJ 161K ensure connectivity between Bonțida and Coasta and between Tăușeni and DJ 161K. Total 9.880 9.880 28 DC 33 DJ 161K (Sava) - Băgaciu Total 2.500 2.500 29 DC 34 DJ 109C (Sucutard) - Puini 1). The dirt road is impassable during the cold and rainy season and cannot be used for road traffic. 575 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 5.600 5.600 1). Between km 1+400 and 6+800 – macadam surface road section. DJ 109C (Sântioana) - 30 DC 35 Sântejude-Vale - Sântejude 2). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Sântejude fishing and recreation lake. Total 7.800 7.800 1). Absolutely no road signs at the points of origin and destination. DJ 109C (Sântioana) - DJ 31 DC 36 1). The road length could not be completely verified in the field because of the impassable dirt road section. 109D (Săcălaia) 2). Due to the dirt section, which is impassible during the cold and rainy season, the road fails to ensure connectivity between Sântioana and Săcălaia. Total 12.000 12.000 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+400 - overlaps with Hășdății Street in Gherla City. 32 DC 37 DJ 172F (Gherla) - Silivaș 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 0.400 km. Total 6.400 6.000 33 DC 38 DN 1C (Iclod) - Iclozel Total 3.000 3.000 Between km 1+100 and 3+300 – steep slope road section, dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 1). Absolutely no road signs at the points of origin and destination. 2). Road of tourist importance, facilitating access to the salt water basin in Gherla and LaculȘtiucii. DJ 172F (Gherla) - DJ 109D 34 DC 39 (Săcălaia) 2). Due to the dirt section, which is impassible during the cold and rainy season, 3). Due to the dirt section, which cannot used for traffic, the road fails to ensure connectivity between Gherla the road fails to ensure connectivity between Gherla and Săcălaia. and Săcălaia. 4). The road length could not be completely verified in the field because of the impassable dirt road section. Total 7.300 7.300 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+800 – road modernized under the National Rural Development Program. DJ 109D (Juc-Herghelie) - 1). The road sign on DJ 109C only indicates the direction to Jucu de Mijloc, with 35 DC 40 Jucu de Mijloc - DN 1C (Juc- no road tag. 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + Herghelie) 1.870 km. Total 3.870 2.000 1). Between km 3+300 and 3+600 – slope road section. 1). Absolutely no road signs and no pre-selection lane on DN 1C for access to DC DN 1C (Apahida) - DJ 109D 41 (Jucu de Sus). 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 36 DC 41 (Jucu de Sus) 0.120 km. 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 109D towards DC 41 (Apahida). 3). Important road in the area (Cluj Metropolitan Area). 576 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 7.200 7.080 DN 16 (Corpadea) - 37 DC 42 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 16 for access to DC 42. Corpadea Total 3.400 3.400 1). Between km 2+100 and 6+600 – modernized road section. 1). The distance to Cojocna specified on the road sign on DN 16 is incorrect. 2). Alternative road for access to Cojocna from DN 16. DN 16 (Căianu Vamă) - DJ 38 DC 43 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161A towards DC 43 (Căianu Vamă). 3). Due to the dirt section in very poor condition, the road fails to ensure connectivity between Corpadea 161A (Cojocna) (DN 16) and Cojocna. 3). No pre-selection lane on DN 16 for access to DC 43. 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.750 km. Total 6.600 7.350 DJ 161A (Iuriu de Câmpie) - 39 DC 45 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161. 1). Between km 1+600 and 2+000 – steep slope road section. Huci Total 2.000 2.000 1). No road signs on DJ 161G towards Căianu Mic (DC 46). DJ 161G (Căianu) - DN 16 40 DC 46 (Căianu Mic) 2). No pre-selection lane and no road sign on DN 16 indicating the direction to Văleni, Căianu. Total 4.100 4.100 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 2). Between km 4+650 and 5+600 – slope section, dangerous curves in 41 DC 47 DJ 161H (Suatu) - Aruncuta 1). Modernized road. succession and risk of skidding accidents. 3). No road tag (DC 47) on DJ 161H. Total 6.000 6.000 1). Between km 6+000 and 7+700 – slope road section affected by water erosion and washing processes. 2). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Suatu fishing and recreation lake. 1). No road signs on DJ 150 towards Suatu. DC 47 (Suatu) - DJ 150 42 DC 47A 3). Due to the slope section affected by water erosion and washing processes, the road ensures a low (Berchieșu) 2). The road sign on DJ 161H indicating the direction to Berchieșu is not properly connectivity between Suatu and Berchieșu. placed and there is no communal road tag (DC 47A). 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 2.700 km. Total 7.700 5.000 577 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 0+100 and 2+100 – slope road section. 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 2). Between km 0+000 and 4+000 – modernized road (4.000 km). 43 DC 48 DJ 161H (Suatu) - Dâmburile 2). No road tag at the intersection with DJ 161H. 3). The dirt road continues outside the locality over a length of 2.700 km; it does not serve any other locality since it cannot be used for road traffic. Total 6.700 6.700 1). Between km 0+800 and 1+000 – road section affected by urban works (water 44 DC 49 DJ 150 (Crișeni) - Boteni supply + sewage). Total 2.000 2.000 1). Between km 0+500 and 1+500 – steep slope road section affected by water 1). Due to the poor condition of the road surface and the slope section, the road is difficult to use during erosion and washing processes. DJ 150 (Crișeni) - Mureș the cold and rainy season. 45 DC 49A County border (Vișinelu) 2). The road sign on DJ 150 indicating the direction to Vișinelu is not properly 2). The road ensures a low connectivity between Crișeni (CJ) and Vișinelu (MS). placed and there is no DC 49A road tag. Total 1.700 1.700 46 DC 50 DJ 150 (Frata) - Olariu 1). Absolutely no road signs from DJ 150 towards DC 50. 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+500, km 0+650 and 1+400 – steep slope road section. Total 2.200 2.200 DJ 150 (Frata) - Frata - 1). Absolutely no road signs from DJ 150. 1). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 47 DC 51 Poiana Frății - Mureș 0.660 km. County border 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. Total 7.900 8.560 48 DC 52 DC 51 (Frata) - Oaș 1). No road tag from DC 51 towards Oaș. 1). Between km 0+700 and 1+100 – slope road section. Total 2.700 2.700 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 150 towards DC 53 (PădureaIacobeni). DJ 150 (Frata) - 49 DC 53 1). Between km 0+100 and 1+000 – steep slope road section. PădureaIacobeni 2). Due to the dirt section, which is impassible during the cold and rainy season, the road ensures a low connectivity with PădureaIacobeni. Total 1.800 1.800 50 DC 54 DJ 150 - Răzoare 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 150 towards Răzoare (DC 54). 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+300, km 1+200 and 1+600, km 1+700 and 2+000 – slope road section. Total 2.000 2.000 1). Between km 0+200 and 1+300, km 1+600 and 2+590, km 2+920 and 3+600 – slope road sections, DJ 150 (Ceanu Mare) - dangerous curves in succession and risk of skidding accidents. 51 DC 55 Iacobeni - Mureș County 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. border 2). Between km 0+000 and 1+300 – modernized road. 578 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 3). This road continues on the territory of Mureș County. Total 4.000 4.000 1). Between km 1+580 and 2+480 – slope road section. 2). Between km 4+280 and 4+470 – the gravel road section, medium condition, is on the territory of Mureș 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 151A (MS) towards Hodăi-Boian and Boian DJ 150 (Boian) - Boian - County (therefore, the length of 0.190 km has not been taken into consideration). (Cluj). 52 DC 56 Hodăi-Boian - Mureș County border 3). The road ensures an additional connection (shortcut) between DJ 150 (CJ) and DJ 151C (MS). 2). No road signs on DJ 150 towards Hodăi-Boian and Boian from Câmpia Turzii. 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.190 km (distance within the administrative borders of Mureș County). Total 4.280 4.470 1). Between km 1+200 and 2+200 – slope road section. DJ 150 (Bolduț) - Valea lui 1). Absolutely no road signs both on DJ 150 towards Valea luiCati and on DJ 161B 53 DC 57 Cati - DJ 161B towards Valea luiCati - Bolduț. 2). Road connecting DJ 150 with DJ 161B. Total 4.400 4.400 DJ 151C - Pădureni - Mureș 54 DC 58 1). Road signs, but no road tag on DJ 151C – towards Pădureni. 1). Access to DC 58 from DJ 151C is made in a particularly dangerous curve. Cty. border Total 4.800 4.800 1). Between km 0+700 and 1+700, km 4+800 and 5+450 - steep slope road sections. DJ 151C (Tritenii de Jos) - 1). Access from DJ 151C to DC 59 is made in a particularly dangerous curve. 55 DC 59 Clapa - Mureș County 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + border 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 0.150 km. Total 5.800 5.650 1). Absolutely no road signs (destination + road tag) on DC 59 towards DC 60 DC 59 (Tritenii de Jos) - (Tritenii-Hotar). 56 DC 60 1). Between km 1+200 and 2+000 – slope road section. Tritenii-Hotar 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. Total 4.500 4.500 1). No road tag from DJ 150 towards Urca. 1). Between km 3+000 and 4+100 – slope road section. 57 DC 61 DJ 150 - Urca 2). The intersection for access to Urca is situated in a particularly dangerous 2). Modernized road. curve. Total 6.000 6.000 1). No pre-selection lane for access to DC 62, no road sign indicating the DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - DC direction to Călărași Gară and no DC 62 road tag. 58 DC 62 1). The gravel road section has been modernized under the PNDL. 68 (Călărași Gară) 2). No road signs on DC 68 towards Câmpia Turzii and no DC 62 road tag. 579 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 6.800 6.800 1). No road sign indicating the direction to DC 63 (Stârcu). 59 DC 63 DJ 161B (Stârcu) - Stârcu 1). The road serves a depopulated locality. 2). The road is inaccessible during the cold and rainy season and ensures a low connectivity with Stârcu. Total 1.000 1.000 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+500, km 4+500 and 6+600 – steep slope road sections. 2). Between km 6+600 and 7+000 – slope road section. DJ 161B (Valea lui Cati) - 3). Important road in the area which, together with DC 69, connects DJ 161B (Ploscoș) with DJ 161A (Ceanu 60 DC 64 Ciurgău - DosuNapului- DC Mare) since the middle segment of DJ 161B cannot be used (between Andici, Morțești and Ploscoș). 69 (Valea Florilor) 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 0.200 km. 5). Road modernized under the PNDL (pavement). Total 9.200 9.000 1). Absolutely no road signs from DJ 161A towards Ciurgău (DC 65). DJ 161A (Strucut) - DC 64 61 DC 65 (Ciurgău) 2). Absolutely no road signs on DC 64 towards Strucut (DC 65). Total 1.500 1.500 1). No road tag on DJ 150 towards Fânațe. 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+400, km 0+800 and 0+900, km 1+000 and 1+200, km 1+300 and 1+900, km DJ 161A (Ceanu Mare) - 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161A towards Fânațe. 1+900 and 3+000, km 3+300 and 3+400 – steep slope road sections. 62 DC 66 Fânațe - DJ 150 (Ceanu Mare) 3). The dirt section cannot be used during the cold and rainy season, which 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + means that the road cannot be used uniformly, the locals using an alternative, 0.500 km. paved route. Total 6.200 5.700 1). No road sign indicating the direction to DC 67 Gligorești - Alba County border DJ 172F (Gligorești) - from DJ 172F. 63 DC 67 Gligorești - Alba County 1). The road section with a light asphalt surface has been modernized. border 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. Total 2.600 2.600 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. DJ 150A (RoAF 71st Air 64 DC 68 Base) - DJ 161B (Călărași- 2). No road sign on DC 68 indicating the access to Călărași Gară (DJ 150A). 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+800 – road section closed to public traffic, part of the RoAF 71st Air Base. Gară) 3). No road sign on DJ 161B indicating the access to Luna. 580 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 4). The road does not ensure the connectivity between Călărași Gară and Luna due to the restricted access section integrated into the RoAF 71st Air Base. Total 3.000 3.000 1). No road sign on DJ 161B indicating the direction to LuncaMureșului (Alba County border). DJ 161B (Călărași Gară) - 65 DC 68A 1). The road can be used (as a shortcut) to connect DJ 161B (CJ) with DJ 107F (AB). Alba County border 2). The dirt section makes the road impassable, thus failing to ensure connectivity between Călărași Gară and LuncaMureșului. Total 2.270 2.270 1). Between km 3+500 and 4+500 – slope road section affected by water erosion and washing processes. 2). Between km 5+700 and 5+900 – steep slope road section. DJ 161B (Ploscoș) - Valea 66 DC 69 1). No road tag from DJ 161B towards Valea Florilor (DC 69). Florilor - Lobodaș 3). Between km 0+000 and 3+500 – road section modernized under the PNDL (pavement). 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 1.550 km. Total 5.900 4.350 1). Bridge over the Arieș river at km 1+300 – roadway undersized to a single lane. DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) - DJ 1). Absolutely no road signs on DN 15 (Câmpia Turzii) towards Ploscoș, and on 67 DC 69A 161B (Ploscoș) DJ 161B (Ploscoș) towards Câmpia Turzii. 2). Due to the dirt section, which cannot used for traffic, the road fails to ensure connectivity between Câmpia Turzii and Ploscoș. Total 9.600 9.600 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+550, km 1+200 and 2+480 – steep slope road sections affected by streamcutting erosion, cannot be used for road traffic. DJ 161B (Crairât) - DC 69 2). Due to the dirt section, which is impassible during the cold and rainy season, the road ensures a low 68 DC 70 (Valea Florilor) connectivity between Crairât, Lobodaș and Valea Florilor. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 1.280 km. Total 3.780 2.500 1). The dirt road section between km 4+900 and 5+600 cannot be used for road 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+350, km 2+700 and 5+600 – a single lane. traffic during the cold and rainy season. DN 1 (Feleacu) - 2). Between km 0+350 and 2+700 – 1 lane in each direction. 69 DC 71 2). The route on Google Maps goes through the forest, on an impassable road. CaseleMicești 3). Road of tourist importance, providing access to the recreation and accommodation facilities in the 3). The communal road does not ensure the connection with DJ 107R, Feleacu - CaseleMicești area. considerably reducing the connectivity of the CaseleMicești locality. Total 5.600 5.600 581 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Cheile Turenilor tourist area. 70 DC 72 DN 1 (Copăceni) - Copăceni 2). Modernized road. Total 2.000 2.000 1). Between km 0+900 and 1+100, km 1+800 and 2+000 – steep slope road sections. 71 DC 73 DN 1 (Comșești) - Comșești 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 2). Modernized road. Total 2.500 2.500 DN 1 (Mărtinești) - 72 DC 74 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 1). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Mărtinești lacustrine complex. Mărtinești Total 1.900 1.900 1). Between km 3+900 and 4+100, km 1+800 and 2+400, km 0+500 and 1+300 – steep slope road sections. 1). Absolutely no road signs on DC 77 towards DC 75 (Sărădiș - Vâlcele). 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + DJ 103M (Vâlcele) - DC 77 73 DC 75 0.380 km. (Sărădiș) 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 103M towards Vâlcele - Sărădiș. 3). The road is incorrectly marked on Google Maps, the road segment covered in the field differs from the one displayed on Google Maps, of higher quality, between Sărădiș and Vâlcele. Total 5.500 5.120 1). Modernized road. 2). The route on Google Maps does not match the actual route in the field; the road starts on DJ 161A outside Cojocna, between Cojocna and Cara, and it is modernized, while the variant on Google Maps is a 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 161A (Cojocna) towards DC 76 (Boju). DJ 161A (Cojocna) - DJ 105S dirt road that cannot be used for traffic. 74 DC 76 (Boju) 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 105S (Boju) towards DC 76 (Cojocna). 3). This road is an alternative tourist access route from Cluj-Napoca to Cojocna, road of tourist importance. 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 0.500 km. Total 6.500 6.000 1). Important road in the area (Cluj Metropolitan Area). 1). Absolutely no road signs on DC 75 towards DC 77 (Gheorghieni). DJ 103G (Gheorghieni) - DJ 2). Because of the poor and very poor road surface condition, as well as the dirt section, which is impassible 75 DC 77 103T (Feleacu) during the cold and rainy season, the road does not ensure the connection between DJ 103T and DJ 103G. 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 103G towards DC 77 (Vâlcele). 3). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Feleac tourist area. Total 5.350 5.350 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+500 – steep slope road section. DJ 105S (Boju) - DJ 161A 1). Due to the dirt sections, the road does not ensure the connectivity between 76 DC 78 (Iuriu de Câmpie) Boju, Boju-Cătun, Straja and Iuriu de Câmpie. 2). Between km 9+200 and 9+800 – steep slope section affected by water erosion and washing processes. 582 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 2). The Boju-Cătun and Straja localities are currently accessed using an 3). Between km 12+100 and 12+600 - steep slope road section affected by streamcutting erosion, water alternative road (DEA), starting on DC 45 towards Boju-Cătun, with light asphalt erosion and washing processes; cannot be used for road traffic. surface (modernized section) and stone surface. 4). Important road in the area, connecting DJ 105S (Boju) with DJ 161A (Iuriu de Câmpie). Total 14.000 14.000 1). No pull-in spaces on a road with a single lane. 77 DC 79 DJ 105S (Pata) - Bodrog 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 105S towards DC 79. 3). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. Total 2.000 2.000 1). Between km 0+600 and 2+000 – steep slope road section. 1). Due to the dirt section, in poor condition, the road fails to ensure connectivity between Dezmir and Cara, since it is impassable during the cold and rainy 2). At km 0+000 – permanent roundabout. season, and difficult to use the rest of the year; DN 1N (Cluj-Napoca) - 78 DC 80 3). The road length could not be completely verified in the field because of the impassable dirt road section. Dezmir - Cara - DJ 161A 2). No road sign (from Cojocna) on DJ 161A towards DC 80, while the road sign from the opposite direction only indicates the Cara destination. 4). The route on Google Maps is no longer valid. 3). The road sign on DN 1 N only indicates the Dezmir destination. 5). The road no longer starts on DN 1C, but on DN 1N. Total 13.000 13.000 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1 to DC 81. 6). Between km 0+000 and 0+700 – the road section has been rehabilitated during the A10 motorway 79 DC 81 DN 1 - Stejeriș modernization works. 2). Intersection with DN 1 - steep slope gravel road section. Total 3.000 3.000 1). Important road in the area, used as a shortcut to connect DN 1 with DN 75. DN 1 - Bădeni - Plăiești - DJ 2). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Piatra Secuiului – Râmetea tourist area. 80 DC 82 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 1 towards DC 82; 103G (Moldovenești) 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.600 km. Total 9.400 10.000 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+900, km 1+200 and 2+300, km 2+500 and 3+200, km 5+700 and 6+200 - slope road sections. 1). The dirt road section is impassable during the cold and rainy season, thus 81 DC 85 DJ 103G (Tureni) - Micești offering low connectivity to the LaculMicești tourist area. 2). Modernized road. 3). Road of tourist importance - it can ensure access to the Feleacu - CaseleMicești tourist area. Total 11.893 11.893 583 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) DJ 107L (Petreștii de Jos) - 82 DC 86 Deleni Total 3.800 3.800 1). Between km 1+100 and 1+700, km 2+800 and 3+400, km 5+900 and 6+400 - slope road sections. DJ 107L (Petreștii de Jos) - 2). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Transfiguration Monastery in Petreștii de Sus. 83 DC 87 DC 107 (Borzești) 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 1.270 km. Total 6.900 8.170 1). Between km 3+400 and 5+400 – slope road section. 1). The dirt road section is impassable during the cold and rainy season, thus 2). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 84 DC 88 DJ 107L - DC 104 (Livada) offering low connectivity between Livada and Valea Agrișului. 0.600 km. 3). The dirt road section is difficult to use during the cold and rainy season. Total 4.800 5.400 1). No pull-in spaces on a road with a single lane. 85 DC 89 DJ 107L (Crăești) - Plaiuri 1). Between km 0+250 and 0+750 – slope road section. 2). The name Căiești is misspelled on the informative panel placed at the entrance to this locality. Total 3.100 3.100 86 DC 90 DJ 107L - Pădureni 1). Between km 1+600 and 2+000 – slope road section Total 3.000 3.000 1). Incorrect road name (DC 92 instead of DC 91) on the road sign from DJ 107L 1). Between km 0+500 and 1+500, km 2+100 and 4+100, km 5+200 and 6+900, km 7+500 and 7+950, km to Pruniș/Săliște, and the final destination - Sălicea - is not mentioned. 8+200 and 8+900, km 9+700 and 10+400 – steep slope road sections. 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 107R towards Săliște/Pruniș. 2). Road signs present on DJ 107L towards Pruniș, Săliște. 87 DC 91 DJ 107L - DJ 107R (Sălicea) 3). The poor roadway condition hinders the access to the facilities that offer 3). Road of tourist importance due to the recreation and accommodation facilities in the area. recreation services in the Sălicea area. 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 4). The steep slope road sections are affected by water erosion and washing 0.200 km. services. Total 10.500 10.300 88 DC 92 DJ 107L - Șutu Total 2.500 2.500 89 DC 93A BunăZiua road 1). The road could not be identified in the field. 584 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 0.000 2.100 90 DC 94 DJ 107M (Săcel) - Săcel Total 0.700 0.700 91 DC 96 DJ 105L (Tăuți) - Tăuți 1). Modernized road. Total 3.100 3.100 1). Absolutely no road signs on DN 1 towards DC 98 (Luna de Sus). DN 1 (Luna de Sus) - DJ 92 DC 98 107M (Luna de Sus) 2). No pre-selection lane on DN 1 for access to DC 98. Total 1.100 1.100 93 DC 99 DJ 107M (Lita) - Hășdate 1). The first part of the route is not correctly displayed on Google Maps. Total 5.000 5.000 1). The road cannot be covered by car the whole year the year because of the 1). Due to the poor condition of the road surface and the steep slope section, the road is difficult to use steep slope and the poor condition dirt section, access to Muntele Bocului is DJ 107R (Muntele Băișorii) - during the cold and rainy season. 94 DC 100A made from Muntele Săcelului on an unclassified road. Muntele Bocului 2). The road serves a depopulated locality. 2). No road signs on DJ 107R towards Muntele Bocului. Total 6.000 6.000 DJ 107N (Moara de Pădure) 95 DC 101 1). No communal road tag on DJ 107N towards DC 101 (Muntele Săcel) 1). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Muntele Băișorii tourist area. - MunteleSăcel Total 3.500 3.500 1). Between km 0+050 and 1+750 – steep slope road section. 2). Access to Muntele Filii is currently made from DC 101 (Muntele Săcel) by a LR to Muntele Bocului, on DC 100A, and by a LR to Muntele Filii (DC 101A). 3). Road of tourist importance, facilitating access to the Muntele Băișorii tourist area. DJ 107N (Moara de Pădure) 96 DC 101A 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 107N towards DC 101A (Muntele Filii). - MunteleFilii 4). Due to the steep slope dirt section, which is impassible during the cold and rainy season, the current DC 101A road fails to ensure connectivity between DJ 107N (Moara de Pădure) and Muntele Filii. 5). The road sign on DJ 107N is in the same place as for DC 101 (Muntele Săcel). 6). The road length could not be completely verified in the field because of the impassable dirt road section. Total 6.000 6.000 1). Between km 3+700 and 4+200, km 5+300 and 6+000, km 6+000 and 6+400 – steep slope road section. DJ 107M (Iara) - Valea 1). The road sign on DJ 107M indicates the direction to Mașca, but the direction 97 DC 102 Vadului to Valea Vadului is not indicated. 2). Between km 6+600 and 6+800, km 7+200 and 8+200 – slope road section. 585 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 3). Between km 1+000 and 6+000 – modernized road section. 4). No horizontal markings and no vertical road signs. 5). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Muntele Băișorii tourist area, Cheile Ocolișelului and to Cheile Runcului (AB). Total 9.000 9.000 1). Between km 2+700 and 4+500 – steep slope section. 2). Between km 0+900 and 2+700 – slope road section. 3). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to DC 102 (Iara) - DC 102 98 DC 102A 1). Absolutely no road signs at the road origin and destination. Valea Vadului. (Mașca) 4). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.160 km. 5). The road is incorrectly marked on Google Maps. Total 7.400 7.560 1). Between km 0+700 and 2+100, km 2+100 and 3+400 – steep slope road sections. 2). Between km 3+400 and 4+000 – slope road section. 99 DC 103 DJ 107M (Iara) - Agriș 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 3). Modernized road. 4). Road of tourist importance. Total 5.100 5.100 1). Between km 5+160 and 5+260, km 5+260 and 5+360, km 5+860 and 6+600 – steep slope road sections. 2). The road length measured in the field and on the map does not match the length in the catalog, with a Făgetu Ierii - DC 106 1). Because of the dirt section, which cannot be used for traffic, the road fails to difference of + 2.210 km. 100 DC 104 (Măgura Ierii) ensure connectivity between Valea Agrișului and Măgura Ierii. 3). Road of tourist importance, connecting the Iara tourist area with the Cheile Turzii tourist area. 4). The road length could not be completely verified in the field because of the impassable road section. Total 9.910 7.700 1). Because of the dirt section, which cannot be used for traffic, the road fails to ensure connectivity between Iara and Ocolișel. 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 107M (Iara) towards DC 105 (Ocolișel). DJ 107M (Iara) - DN 75 101 DC 105 2). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to Cheile Ocolișelului. (Lungești) 2). No pre-selection lane on DN 75 (Lungești) for access to DC 105 (Ocolișel - Iara), and the communal road tag is only for the Ocolișel destination. 3). The road length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 1.210 km. 586 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 11.640 12.850 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+350 – very steep slope section (15%). 2). Between km 1+350 and 2+500 – steep slope road section. 3). Măgura Ierii is least accessible locality in Cluj County. 1). Due to its steep and very steep slope sections and its very poor condition, DJ 107M - DC 104 (Măgura 102 DC 106 the road cannot be used for traffic, thus failing to ensure connectivity with Ierii) 4). Road of tourist importance. Măgura Ierii, the locality being in a state of semi-isolation. 5). The road length could not be completely verified in the field because of the impassable road section. 6). The road length measured in the field and on the map does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 0.500 km. Total 2.500 3.000 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+500 – steep slope road section, with dangerous curves in succession, affected 1). Because of the dirt section, which cannot be used for traffic, the road fails to by water erosion and washing processes. ensure connectivity between Buru and Borzești. 103 DC 107 DN 75 (Buru) - Borzești 2). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to Cheile Borzești and the Transfiguration Monastery 2). Absolutely no road signs on DN 75 (Buru) towards DC 107 (Borzești). (Petreștii de Sus). Total 5.000 5.000 1). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 107N towards DC 110 (Râșca hamlet). 1). The road is difficult to use during the warm season and impassible during the cold and rainy season, DJ 107N (Muntele Rece ensuring a very low connectivity with the Râșca hamlet. 104 DC 110 2). Wrong route on Google Maps. Monastery) - Râșca hamlet 2). Road of tourist importance, connecting the Muntele Rece Monastery with Râșca hamlet. 3). Narrowed, poorly maintained road, difficult to use for traffic. Total 5.000 5.000 DJ 107T 1). Between km 0+000 and 3+700 – very steep slope road section (12%) and risk of skidding accidents. 105 DC 110C (CoadalaculuiSomeșuRece) - DC 111 (Măguri) 2). Risk of being covered with snow during the cold season. Total 4.000 4.000 1). Between km 0+000 and 4+600 – very steep slope road section (15%) and risk of skidding accidents. 2). The road is difficult to use during the warm season and impassible during the cold and rainy season. 1). Due to the very steep slope (15%) and the water erosion and washing DJ 107T (Măguri Răcătău) - 106 DC 111 processes, the road is very difficult to use for traffic and ensures a low 3). Due to the poor condition of the gravel surface, the road ensures a low connectivity with the Măguri village DC 110C (Măguri) connectivity between Măguri and Măguri Răcătău. and is mainly used on the descent. 4). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 2.500 km. Total 9.500 7.000 587 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) DJ 103K (Dângău Mare) - 107 DC 113 1). Road affected by urban works - construction of the sewage system. Bălcești Total 2.000 2.000 DN 1 (Căpușu Mic) - Căpușu 108 DC 114 1). Modernized road. Mic Total 3.500 3.500 109 DC 115 DJ 108C - Bedeciu Total 3.000 3.000 DJ 108C (Dretea) - DC 119 1). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 2.200 110 DC 116 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. (Dretea) km. Total 0.800 3.000 DJ 108C (Mănăstireni) - 1). Between km 1+000 and 7+100 – dirt road section, impassible during the cold 111 DC 117 Șăula - Nearșova (DN 1) and rainy season, fails to ensure connectivity between Bica and Nearșova. Total 9.410 9.410 1). Because of the dirt section, the road fails to ensure connectivity between Lăpuștești and Dângău Mic, being impassible during the cold and rainy season DJ 103K (Râșca) - DJ 103K and inaccessible during the warm season due to the linear erosion. 112 DC 118 1). Road with tourism potential. (Dângău Mic) 2). The road section between Râșca and Lăpuștești can be covered with snow during the cold season. Total 12.840 12.840 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+000 – steep slope section, risk of skidding accidents. DC 117 - Bica - DC 116 113 DC 119 (Dretea) 2). The dirt road section, which is impassible during the cold and rainy season, fails to ensure connectivity between Bica and Dretea. Total 2.500 2.500 1). Between km 6+900 and 7+900, 13+800 and 17+900 – steep slope road sections, particularly dangerous 1). At km 11+600 – panoramic view point, not set up; curves in succession and risk of skidding. DJ 108C (Răchițele) - DN 1R 2). At km 17+600 – dent in the road and shore erosion. 114 DC 121 2). Road with high tourism potential. (Beliș) 3). No road sign indicating the direction to Beșiș from DJ 108C (Răchițele) – the 3). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 0.650 DealuBotii destination is mentioned. km. Total 17.900 17.250 115 DC 122 DN 1R (Călățele) - Finciu 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 1R for access on DC 122 towards Finciu. 1). Between km 1+200 and 2+400 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. 588 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 2). Road works under the National Rural Development Program – to be completed in 2020. Total 3.340 3.340 1). Between km 1+300 and 2+600 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. 116 DC 123 Bociu - DJ 108C - Ciuleni 2). At km 2+600 – intersection with DJ 108C. 3). Difficult access from DJ 108C to Bociu and Ciuleni. Total 5.100 5.100 DN 1R (Huedin) - Domoșu - 117 DC 124 1). Between km 1+000 and 1+200 - section affected by landslides. Horlacea Total 5.250 5.250 1). Between km 9+200 and 10+000, km 10+600 and 12+300 – steep slope road sections and risk of skidding accidents. 1). Between km 8+600 and 11+900 (section between DN 1 and Hodișu) – no horizontal markings. 2). The road runs north and south of DN 1. 118 DC 126 DJ 103J (Sâncraiu) - Hodișu 2). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1 on DC 126 to Hodișu and from DN 3). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 3.300 1 on DC 126 to Morlaca, although a road sign indicating the direction to Sâncraiu km. is needed. 4). Road of tourist importance, ensuring access to the Sâncraiu tourist locality. Total 11.900 15.200 1). The direct access from DN 1 to Morlaca, in the direction of DC 127, is made through an unclassified road 119 DC 127 DC 126 - Morlaca segment that connects with DC 126 and is in fact the point of origin of DC 127. Total 2.000 2.000 DJ 108C (DodaPilii) - 120 DC 128A 1). Road with a heavily worn light asphalt surface, thus ensuring low connectivity with Giurcuța de Sus. Giurcuța de Sus Total 8.700 8.700 1). Road section at risk of being covered with snow. 121 DC 128C DC 128A (DodaPilii) - Smida 2). Ensures access to a tourist locality - Smida Park. Total 1.700 1.700 1). DC 129 only partially provides access to Vlădeasa Chalet and Vlădeasa 1). Between km 5+000 and 5+800 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. Weather Station – because the logging road that ensures connectivity to these 122 DC 129 DJ 103H (Săcuieu) - Rogojel sites is a gravel road in medium condition and the last segment of DJ 103J has a 2). Modernized road. gravel surface in poor condition. Total 9.000 9.000 589 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 0+000 and 3+850 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. 1). The dirt section between km 4+450 and 5+550 is impassable during the cold 123 DC 130 DJ 103J - DC 131 (Tranișu) and rainy season, ensuring a low degree of connectivity. 2). The road ensures a low connectivity between Vișagu and Traniș, and also between DJ 764B and DJ 103J. Total 7.050 7.050 1). Between km 0+200 and 2+600, km 2+900 and 3+900 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding 1). At km 3+900 – dent in the road. accidents. DJ 764B (Valea Drăganului) - 124 DC 131 DC 130 (Tranișu) 2). At km 0+600 – rocks falling from the mountainside. 2). At km 4+000 – intersection with DJ 103H, the road continues with an unclassified dirt section in poor condition. Total 4.000 4.000 1). Road affected by logging. 1). Between km 2+000 and 2+750 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. 2). The dirt section is impassable during the cold and rainy season, ensuring a 125 DC 132 DN 1 (Negreni) - Prelucele low degree of connectivity. 2). At km 0+170 – bridge over Crișul Repede river, with timber sleepers. 3). At km 0+900 – section affected by rocks falling from the mountainside. Total 7.000 7.000 1). Between km 0+400 and 1+000 – very steep slope road section (15%) and risk of skidding accidents. DC 137 (TicuColonie) - 126 DC 133 Dâncu 2). At km 1+300 – bridge over Dâncu V. with timber sleepers. Total 2.000 2.000 1). The dirt road section, which is impassible during the cold and rainy season, DN 1 (IzvoruCrișului) - fails to ensure connectivity between Nadășu, Gălășeni halt on 300 railway line 127 DC 135 Nadășu - Sălaj County (SJ), Gălășeni, up to DJ 108N (SJ). border 2). No pre-selection lane on DN 1 for access to DC 135. Total 5.460 5.460 DJ 108N (Sălaj County 128 DC 137 border) - TicuColonie - Arghișu Total 10.500 10.500 DN 1 (Dumbrava) - Inucu - 1). Between km 1+500 (Dumbrava) and 4+870 (Inucu) - dirt road section, impassible during the cold and rainy 129 DC 138 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 1 for access to DC 138 (Dorolțu). DJ 108C (Dorolțu) season, fails to ensure connectivity between DN 1 and DJ 108C. Total 9.870 9.870 130 DC 139 DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) - Straja 1). Between km 2+300 and 2+700 – steep slope road section. Total 3.000 3.000 590 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) DJ 108C (Gârbău) - Turea - 1). Between km 0+000 and 4+300 – no horizontal road markings, the road 131 DC 140 Cornești barriers are heavily worn. Total 10.000 10.000 132 DC 140A DJ 108C (Dorolțu) - Băgara Total 2.000 2.000 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1F to DC 141 (Suceagu). 1). Between km 2+900 and 3+700 – road section affected by urban works (construction of water supply + 133 DC 141 DN 1F - Suceagu sewage system). 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. Total 3.700 3.700 1). Between km 1+600 and 6+250 – dirt road section, impassible during the cold 134 DC 141A DN 1J (Viștea) - DN 1 (Gilău) and rainy season, fails to ensure connectivity between DN 1J (Viștea) and DN 1(Gilău). Total 7.400 7.400 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1 F. 135 DC 141B DN 1F (Mera) - Mera 2). No horizontal road signs. 3). At km 0+700 – bridge with undersized deck. Total 2.000 2.000 DJ 108C (Macău halt) - 136 DC 142A 1). Between km 2+400 and 3+000 – road section with a single lane. Macău Total 3.000 3.000 1). Between km 1+500 and 3+200, km 6+600 and 7+200 – steep slope road sections and risk of skidding accidents. DJ 109A (Cluj-Napoca) - DJ 2). Between km 0+000 and 1+500 – road section that overlaps with Partizanilor Street in Cluj-Napoca, which 137 DC 142B 1). Between km 5+500 and 6+000 - road section affected by landslides. 105T (Popești) has a 0.400 km long bicycle lane. 3). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 2.950 km. Total 7.950 5.000 1). Following the construction of the Vâlcele - Apahida ring road (VOCE), DC 142C intersects with the ring road DN 1N (Sub Coastă) - DN 1N Between km 1+400 and 2+100 – dirt road section, impassible during the cold at km 2+100; it no longer continues to Apahida. 138 DC 142C (VOCE) and rainy season, fails to ensure connectivity with DN 1N. 2). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 5.500 km. Total 2.100 7.600 591 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+550 – section that overlaps with Teodor Mihaly Street and VaidaVoievod Street in Cluj-Napoca. DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) - 139 DC 142D Colonia Sopor (Cluj-Napoca) 2). At km 0+890 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. 3). At km 1+550 – permanent roundabout, with 2 lanes. Total 5.000 5.000 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 140 DC 143 DN 1F - Șardu 2). At km 2+700 – dent in the road. Total 3.000 3.000 DN 1F (Sânpaul) - 1). Because of the dirt section between km 3+400 and 7+000, the road fails to ensure connectivity with DJ 141 DC 144 Șumurducu - DJ 105T 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1F to DC 144. 105T (SălișteaNouă). (SălișteaNouă) Total 7.000 7.000 DJ 105T (Berindu) - Cristorel 1). Between km 1+500 and 5+120 – steep slope section, impassible dirt road, 142 DC 145 - DJ 109 (Așchileu Mare) fails to ensure connectivity with DJ 105T and DJ 109. Total 9.020 9.020 DJ 109 (Fodora) - DC 157 1). The entire road is impassible during the cold and rainy season and fails to 1). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of + 2.300 143 DC 146 (Cătălina) ensure connectivity between DJ 109 (Fodora) and DC 157 (Cătălina). km. Total 7.300 5.000 DJ 109 (Așchileu Mare) - DC 144 DC 146A 1). Between km 1+800 and 3+000 – steep slope road section. 146 (Dorna) Total 4.000 4.000 DJ 109 V (Pădureni) - DC 145 DC 147 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+300 - steep slope section affected by landslides. 156 (Feiurdeni) Total 4.310 4.310 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 1). Between km 0+200 and 1+900, km 1+600 and 2+000 – slope road section. 146 DC 148A DJ 109A (Șoimeni) - Șoimeni 2). Absolutely no road signs on DJ 109A towards DC 148A (Șoimeni). 2). Modernized road. Total 2.000 2.000 Between km 2+800 and 5+300 – the section is impassable during the cold and DJ 109A (Făureni) - Făureni - 147 DC 150 rainy season, thus failing to ensure connectivity between DJ 109A (Făureni) and DJ 109 (Vultureni) DJ 109 (Vultureni). 592 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) Total 5.700 5.700 148 DC 151 DJ 109 (Borșa) - Bădești 1). Modernized road. Total 3.000 3.000 1). Between km 0+100 and 0+900 – steep slope road section. DJ 109S (Borșa) - Borșa 149 DC 151A 1). No road sign indicating the direction to DC 151A from DJ 109S. Crestaia 2). The dirt section is impassable during the cold and rainy season, thus failing to ensure connectivity between Borșa and Crestaia. Total 3.700 3.700 1). Between km 0+000 and 1+100 – steep slope road section and risk of skidding accidents. DJ 109S (Giula) - Ciumăfaia 1). Between km 0+800 and 1+100 – impassible dirt road, fails to ensure 150 DC 152 (DJ 109) - Chidea connectivity between DJ 109S (Giula) and DJ 109 (Ciumăfaia). 2). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 2.700 km. Total 5.800 8.500 1). The road is currently intensely used as a shortcut to access DN 1N from DN 1C, leading to the heavy wear 1). No pre-selection lane for access to DC 153. of the road surface. DN 1C (Sânnicoară) - DN 1N 151 DC 153 (VOCE) 2). No road sign on DN 1C and in the direction of DC 153 (DN 1N), as well as on 2). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of -2.800 DN 1N. km. Total 1.000 3.800 1). The condition of the road is inadequate to serve the people living in the residential district of Câmpenești. DN 1C (Câmpenești) - DC 152 DC 154 156 (Câmpenești) 2). The length measured in the field does not match the length in the catalog, with a difference of - 1.300 km. Total 4.700 6.000 1). At km 1+700 – road affected by landslides. 153 DC 155 DJ 161 - Cubleșu Someșan 2). Modernized road. Total 6.780 6.780 DC 154 (Câmpenești) - DC 1). The entire road is impassible during the cold and rainy season and fails to ensure connectivity between 154 DC 156 147 (Feiurdeni) DC 154 (Câmpenești) and DC 147 (Feiurdeni). Total 6.500 6.500 155 DC 157 DJ 161 - Cătălina Total 3.200 3.200 593 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 156 DC 158 DJ 109A (Panticeu) - Elciu Total 4.600 4.600 DJ 109B (Lujerdiu) - Bârlea - 157 DC 159 Tioltiur Total 6.000 6.000 DJ 109B (Oșorhel) - Antăș - 158 DC 160 Blidărești Total 3.500 3.500 159 DC 162 DJ 109A (Ciubăncuța) - Osoi 1). No horizontal markings and no vertical road signs. Total 3.850 3.850 1). Between km 0+000 and 0+800 – steep slope road section, at risk of being covered with snow and risk of skidding. 160 DC 163 DJ 109A - Escu 2). Modernized road. Total 1.700 1.700 161 DC 164 DJ 108B (Bobâlna) - Pruni 1). Between km 1+200 and 2+000 – steep slope road section, low accessibility. Total 4.300 4.300 DJ 108B (Maia) - Suarăș - 162 DC 165 1). Road work - proposed deadline: 2020. Băbdiu Total 5.300 5.300 DJ 108B (Șomcutu Mic) - 1). The dirt section is impassable during the cold and rainy season, ensuring a very low degree of connectivity 163 DC 166 Peștera and providing access to Peștera – a currently depopulated locality. Total 5.000 5.000 164 DC 168 DJ 161C (Corneni) - Vale Total 2.000 2.000 165 DC 169 DJ 161C - Girolt 1). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 1). Modernized road. Total 5.000 5.000 594 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). Between km 1+000 and 1+600, km 1+800 and 2+300, km 2+600 and 3+000 – slope road sections 166 DC 170 DJ 161C (Aluniș) - Pruneni affected by water erosion and washing processes. Total 3.000 3.000 1). At km 0+800 – dent in the road. 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 1C for access to DC 171 (Orman). 2). Between km 0+800 and 1+100, km 1+300 and 1+600 – road sections affected by subsidence. 167 DC 171 DN 1C (Livada) - Orman 2). Access from DN 1C is made in a particularly dangerous curve. 3). Between km 1+600 and 1+800 – road section affected by landslides. 3). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 4). At km 6+500 – road section affected by high water and floods. Total 7.000 7.000 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 1C. 168 DC 172A DN 1C (Băița) - Băița 2). No road signs and road tag in the direction of DC 172A (Băița). Total 2.500 2.500 1). No pre-selection lane on DN 1C. 169 DC 172B DN 1C (Bunești) - Bunești 2). No road signs and road tag in the direction of DC 172B (Bunești). 3). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. Total 1.200 1.200 1). No pre-selection lane for access from DN 1C to DC 173. 170 DC 173 DN 1C (Nima) - Nima 1). No horizontal markings and no vertical road signs. 2). No road sign indicating the direction to DC 173. Total 4.000 4.000 DJ 161D (Jichișu de Sus) - 171 DC 174 1). Between km 0+900 and 1+100 – section with road rupture. Șigău Total 2.780 2.780 172 DC 175 DJ 161D - Tărpiu 1). Modernized road. Total 5.000 5.000 173 DC 176 DJ 161D (Dej) - Codor Total 3.000 3.000 595 Measured Overall No. Road name Road section name Dysfunctions Remarks length length (km) (km) 1). The road continues to Vad and Calna over the Someș river. The infrastructure for crossing the Someș 1). Due to the destruction of the ferry crossing system from Câțcău to Vad, there river is decommissioned; therefore, it is not possible to cross the Someș river on DC 177. DN 1C (Câțcău) - Someș is no connectivity over the Someș river. 174 DC 177 river - Overlap with DJ 109E 2). At km 1+400 - illegal landfill. – Vad - Calna 2). No horizontal markings on the asphalt road section. 3). Modernized road. Total 13.000 13.000 DC 177 (Bogata de Jos) - 175 DC 178 1). No horizontal markings and no vertical road signs. 1). Modernized road. CurtuiușuDejului Total 2.000 2.000 596 ANNEX 10. LIST OF NATIONAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Câmpia Turzii, Câmpia Turzii, DN 15 (Câmpia Turda, Gilău, Turda, Gilău, 1 A3 0+000 61+200 DN 1F (Nădășelu) 61.200 Turzii) Florești, Cluj- Florești, Cluj- Napoca, Nădășelu Napoca, Baciu Alba County Turda, 2 A10 62+410 70+000 Turda 7.590 Aiud, Turda border Moldovenești Turda, Copăceni, Tureni, Mărtinești, Vâlcele, Feleacu, Cluj-Napoca, Turda, Săndulești, Florești, Luna de Tureni, Feleacu, Sus, Gilău, Căpușu Cluj-Napoca, Alba County Bihor County border Mare, Căpușu Mic, Florești, Gilău, 3 DN 1 433+000 564+000 132.287 border (Dumbrava) (Piatra Craiului) Dumbrava, Căpușu Mare, Păniceni, IzvoruCrișului, IzvoruCrișului, Huedin, Poieni, Șaula, Huedin, Ciucea, Negreni Bologa, Cerbești, Poieni, Ciucea, Negreni, Bucea Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Sălaj County border 4 DN 1C 0+000 DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) 76+860 77.221 Sânnicoară, Apahida, Jucu, (Căpâlna) Apahida, Juc- Bonțida, Iclod, Herghelie, Gherla, 597 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Tetarom III, MintiuGherlii, Răscruci, Dej, Cășeiu, Fundătura, Iclod, Câțcău Livada, Băița, Gherla, Bunești, Nima, Arc Industrial Park – Dej (Tetarom IV), Dej, Urișor, Cășeiu, Coplean, Câțcău Cluj-Napoca, Baciu, Suceagu, Rădaia, Mera, Cluj-Napoca, 5 DN 1F 0+000 DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) 36+000 Sălaj County border 36.141 Nădășelu, Șardu, Baciu, Gârbău, Sânpaul, Sânpaul Mihăiești, Topa Mică Sălaj County border 6 DN 1G 0+000 DN 1 (Huedin) 3+850 3.827 Huedin Huedin (Tetișu) Căpușu Mare, DN 1 (Căpușu Căpușu Mare, 7 DN 1J 0+000 15+035 DN 1F (Nădășelu) 15.035 Gârbău, Viștea, Mare) Gârbău Nădășelu Huedin, Sâncraiu, Alba County border Călata, Călățele, Huedin, Sâncraiu, Reclassified from DJ 8 DN 1R 0+000 DN 1 (Huedin) 58+550 58.550 (Ursoaia Pass) DealuNegru, Beliș, Călățele, Beliș 108 Beliș-Fântânele resort, Fântânele 598 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Lake dam, Poiana Horea Turda, Mureș County Turda, Câmpia 9 DN 15 0+000 DN 1 (Turda) 21+000 20.989 CâmpiaTurzii, border Turzii, Luna Luna, Luncani Apahida, Corpadea, Căianu- Mureș County Vamă, Căianu Mic, Apahida, Căianu, 10 DN 16 0+000 DN 1C (Apahida) 40+600 border (Sărmășel- 40.709 GhirișuRomân, Mociu, Cămărașu Gară) Turmași, Mociu, Zorenii de Vale, Cămărașu Dej, Urișor, Dej Bistrița-Năsăud East Industrial Dej, Cășeiu, 11 DN 17 0+000 DN 1C (Dej) 6+650 County border 6.681 Platform, Cuzdrioara (Ciceu-Mihăești) Cuzdrioara, Mănășturel Măgoaja, Maramureș County 12 DN 18B 58+342 80+062 DN 1C (Cășeiu) 21.720 Chiuiești, Sălătruc, Chiuiești, Cășeiu border Rugășești, Cășeiu Lungești, Buru, Iara, Alba County Moldovenești, Moldovenești, 13 DN 75 135+000 161+600 DN 1 (Turda) 26.593 border (Vidolm) Cornești, Mihai Mihai Viteazu, Viteazu, Turda Turda 599 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) 14 VTCJ 0+000 BunăZiua Street 2+453 Fagului Street 2.453 Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Vâlcele, Sărădiș, VOCE (DN Gheorghieni, 15 0+000 DN 1 (Vâlcele) 23+664 DN 1C (Apahida) 23.664 Feleacu, Apahida 1N) Sânnicoară, Sub Coastă, Apahida Cluj East ring road 17 VOCNE 0+000 B-dulMuncii 4+520 4.520 Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca (Sub Coastă) Following the Băița, Gherla, Gherla, reclassification of DJ 18 VGH 0+000 DN 1C (Băița) 5+047 DN 1C (Bunești) 5.047 Bunești MintiuGherlii 105R (Bunești train station – DN 1C Băița) Sânicoară, Cluj- DN 1N (Cluj- Cluj-Napoca, 19 VAP 0+000 1+225 DN 1C (Apahida) 1.225 Napoca, Apahida, Napoca) Apahida Sub Coastă *** VTCJ – Cluj heavy traffic ring road; VOCE – Cluj East ring road; VOCNE – Cluj North-East ring road; VGH – Gherla ring road; VAP – Apahida – Cluj-Napoca ring road. Data source – Government Decision no. 782/2014 amending the annexes to Government Decision no. 540/2000, Annexes 1-4 on the approval of the classification into functional categories of public roads and private utility roads open to public traffic. Published in the Official Journal no. 707 Bis of September 29, 2014. 600 ANNEX 11. LIST OF COUNTY ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Reclassified from DC 84 + overlap with DN Podeni, Pietroasa, 75 (4.670 km) + DC 83 Moldovenești, Moldovenești, + overlap with DJ 107L Mihai Viteazu, Cheia, Săndulești, (4.120 km) + DC 85 (DJ DN 1 (Inoc) - Alba Săndulești, 1 DJ 103G 13+200 74+407 DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) 61.207 Tureni, Ceanu Mic, 107L – Tureni section County border Tureni, Aiton, Aiton, – 2.107 km) + street in Feleacu, Cluj- Gheorghieni, Cluj- Tureni commune Napoca Napoca (2.850 km) + overlap with DN 1 (0.700 km) + DC 75 *** Cerbești is not linked to DJ 103H. Proposal: communal DJ 108C (Scrind- Bologa, Săcuieu, Poieni, Săcuieu, 2 DJ 103H 0+000 DN 1 (Bologa) 19+250 19.250 road to connect Frăsinet) Scrind-Frăsinet Mărgău Cerbești with DN 1 by the reclassification of a street in Cerbești Cheile Turzii 3 DJ 103I 0+000 DJ 103G 1+400 Cheile Turzii Chalet 1.400 Mihai Viteazu Tourist Complex Reclassified from DC Sâncraiu, Alunișu, 125 + overlap with DJ 4 DJ 103J 0+000 DN 1R (Sâncraiu) 21+948 Vlădeasa Chalet 20.200 Săcuieu, Vlădeasa Sâncraiu, Săcuieu 103H (1.748 km) + DC Chalet 130 (DJ 103H - Vișagu section – 2.100 km) + DE (between DC 130 601 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) and Vlădeasa Chalet – 7.900 km) Overlap with DN 1 Căpușu Mare, (1.410 km) + DC 112 + Agârbiciu, Dângău Căpușu Mare, overlap with DJ 103L 5 DJ 103K 0+000 DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) 24+310 DN 1R (Beliș) 24.310 Mare, Dângău Râșca, Călățele, (2.840 km) + DEA Mic, Mărcești, Beliș (Râșca – Beliș section - Râșca, DealuNegru 7.200 km) Reclassified from DC DJ 108C Mănăstireni, 6 DJ 103L 0+000 8+000 DJ 103K (Râșca) 8.000 Mănăstireni, Râșca 118 (Mănăstireni – (Mănăstireni) Râșca Râșca – 8.000 km) Reclassified from DC Vâlcele, Rediu, 7 DJ 103M 0+000 DN 1 (Vâlcele) 8+180 DJ 103G (Aiton) 8.180 Feleacu, Aiton 75 (Vâlcele – 0.380 Aiton km) + DC 76 Reclassified from DEA Sălaj County border. Șaula (CJ) + Jebucu (Șaula – Sălaj County 8 DJ 103N 0+000 DN 1 (Șaula) 2+800 Final destination DN 2.800 and Sfăraș + IzvoruCrișului border section – 2.800 1G (SJ) Jebucu halt (SJ) km) Teleski Tourist Reclassified from DC Complex in 77 (Feleacu – km DC 77 (TV relay 9 DJ 103T 0+000 DN 1 (Feleacu) 2+450 2.450 Feleacu + Radio- Feleacu 7+400 – km 5+350 station) TV relay station in section – length – Feleacu 2.050 km) + DEA (DC 77 – TV relay station 602 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) section – length 0.400 km) DJ 107R (Cabana Reclassified from DC 10 DJ 103U 0+000 DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) 3.000 3.000 Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Făget) 93 Reclassified from DC Someșu Rece, DJ 107P (Someșu 97 + overlap with DJ 11 DJ 103V 0+000 21+075 DJ 107L (Vălișoara) 16+570 Stolna, Vlaha, Gilău, Săvădisla Rece) 107M (4.505 km) + DC Vălișoara, 95 Reclassified from DC 96 (Florești – 2.900 Florești Monastery km) + DEA (between 12 DJ 105L 0+000 DN 1 (Florești) 3+500 3.500 Florești, Tăuți Florești (Tăuți) DC 96 and Tăuți Monastery – 0.600 km) Overlap with DN 1N + Reclassified from Cluj-Napoca, Pata, Cluj-Napoca, street in Cluj-Napoca 13 DJ 105S 0+000 DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) 15+200 Boju 15.200 Boju Apahida, Cojocna (3.200 km) + DC 78 (Cluj-Napoca – Boju section – 12.000 km) Cluj-Napoca, Reclassified from DC Popești, Corușu, Cluj-Napoca, 142 + DC 145 (Berindu 14 DJ 105T 0+000 DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) 21+750 DN 1F (Berindu) 21.750 SălișteaNouă, Baciu, Chinteni, – DN 1F section – SălișteaVeche, Sânpaul 1.750 km) Berindu 603 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Unirea (AB), Unirea (AB), Ocna DJ 107D (Unirea – Războieni-Cetate Mureș (AB), 15 DJ 107F 9+860 Alba County). Alba 14+370 DN 15 4.510 (AB), LuncaMureșului County border LuncaMureșului (AB), Luna (CJ) (AB), Luncani (CJ) Reclassified from DC Săvădisla, Finișel, Săvădisla, Valea 98 + overlap with DJ 16 DJ 107J 0+000 DJ 107M (Săvădisla) 19+148 Cerc 15.700 Valea Ierii, Caps, Ierii 107N (3.448 km) + DC Cerc 108 Turda, Săndulești, Turda, Săndulești, Săndulești quarry, 17 DJ 107 L 0+000 DN 1 (Turda) 30+950 DJ 107M (Lita) 30.950 Petreștii de Jos, Petreștii de Jos, Săvădisla Crăiești, Lita Luna de Sus, Vlaha, Săvădisla, Alba County border. Lita, Liteni, Săcel, Florești, Final destination – DJ 18 DJ 107M 0+000 DN 1 (Luna de Sus) 42+000 42.000 Băișoara, Iara, Săvădisla, 107L (AB) (Aiudul de Surduc, Buru – Băișoara, Iara Sus) Alba County border Băișoara, Moara Băișoara, Valea DJ 107P (Someșu de Pădure, 19 DJ 107N 0+000 DJ 107 M (Băișoara) 36+200 36.200 Ierii, Măguri- Rece) Frăsinet, Valea Răcătău, Gilău Ierii, Plopi, Muntele Rece 604 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Monastery, Someșu Rece Gilău, Someșu DN 1R (Fântânele 20 DJ 107P 0+000 DN 1 (Gilău) 44+260 44.260 Cald, Tarnița Dam, Gilău, Mărișel reservoir) Mărișel Cluj-Napoca, Reclassified from DJ Sălicea, Ciurila, 107R + overlap with Filea de Jos, Filea DJ 107L (2.090 km) + Cluj-Napoca, 21 DJ 107R 0+000 DN 1 (Cluj-Napoca) 63+764 Muntele Mare 58.650 de Sus, Săcel, DC 94 (DJ 107L – Săcel Ciurila, Băișoara Băișoara, Muntele – 7.300 km) + overlap Băișorii, Muntele with DJ 107M (3.024 Băișorii resort km) + DC 100 Reclassified from DC DJ 107N (Gura DJ 107T (Măguri- Uzina, Măguri- Gilău, Măguri- 110A (Gura Râșca – 22 DJ 107S 0+000 11+000 11.000 Râșca) Răcătău) Răcătău Răcătău Măguri-Răcătău section – 11.000 km) Reclassified from DC 110A (Mărișel – Mărișel, Măguri- Măguri-Răcătău – Răcătău, Someșu- Mărișel, Măguri- 11.600 km) + DC 110B 23 DJ 107T 0+000 DJ 107P (Mărișel) 46+000 Alba County border 46.000 Rece Dam. Răcătău + DF 2058 Blăjoaia Tourist (LuncaDiacului – Alba Complex, County border – 22.400 km) 24 DJ 108A 0+000 DN 1 (Ciucea) 7+400 Sălaj County border 7.400 Ciucea, Vânători Ciucea 605 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Pustuța, Oșorhel, Bobâlna, Răzbuneni, Maia, Recea-Cristur, 25 DJ 108B 21+200 Sălaj County border 54+400 DN 1C (Dej) 33.200 Șomcutu Mic, Bobâlna, Dej ViileDejului district, Dej Gârbău, Dorolțu, Aghireșu-Fabrici, Aghireșu, Leghia, Dretea, Ardeova, Gârbău, Aghireșu, Reclassified from DJ Mănăstireni, 26 DJ 108C 0+000 DN 1J (Gârbău) 84+376 DJ 763 - DodaPilii 82.569 Mănăstireni, 108C by recalculating Văleni, Călata, Călățele, Mărgău the distances in km Buteni, Mărgău, Scrind-Frăsinet, Răchițele, Doda- Pilii 27 DJ 108I 0+000 DN 1 (Bucea) 0+700 Bihor County border 0.700 Bucecea Negreni Drăgan-Floroiu Bihor County DJ 764B (Drăgan- 28 DJ 108K 26+455 29+495 3.040 Dam Tourist border Floroiu Dam) Complex 29 DJ 108N 0+000 DJ 108C (Aghireșu) 2+800 Sălaj County border 2.800 Aghireșu Aghireșu Răscruci, Borșa- Bonțida, Borșa, 30 DJ 109 0+000 DN 1C (Răscruci) 32+670 Sălaj County border 32.670 Cătun, Borșa, Vultureni, Ciumăfaia, Așchileu Vultureni, Fodora, 606 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Așchileu Mare, Așchileu Mic Chinteni, Deușu, Băbuțiu, Șoimeni, Chinteni, Reclassified from DJ Vultureni, DJ 108S (Hășmaș - Vultureni, 109A + overlap with 31 DJ 109A 0+000 DN 1F (Cluj-Napoca) 57+604 57.300 Panticeu, Recea- Sălaj County) Panticeu, Recea- DJ 108D (0.304 km) + Cristur, Căprioara, Cristur DC 161 Jurca, Ciubăncuța, Ciubanca Fundătura, Lujerdiu, Morău, Stoiana, Cornești, Iclod, Cornești, 32 DJ 109B 0+000 DN 1C (Fundătura) 30+000 DJ 108B (Oșorhel) 30.000 Tiocu de Jos, Tiocu Bobâlna de Sus, Igriția, Vâlcelele, Oșorhel Bunești, Gherla, FizeșuGherlii, MintiuGherlii, Sântioana, Țaga, Gherla, 33 DJ 109C 0+000 DN 1C (Bunești) 39+200 DN 16 (Cămărașu) 39.200 Sucutard, Geaca, FizeșuGherlii, Hodaie, Țaga, Geaca, Sâmboleni, Cătina, Cămărașu Cămărașu Reclassified from DJ Gherla, DN 1C (Juc- Gherla, Nicula, 109D + DC 39 + 34 DJ 109D 0+000 DJ 109C (Gherla) 34+120 32.210 FizeșuGherlii, Sic, Herghelie) Bonț, Săcălaia, Sic, overlap with DJ 161 Bonțida, Jucu Coasta, Vișea, Jucu (1.610 km) + DC 40 + overlap with DN 1C 607 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) de Sus, Juc- (0.300 km) + DEA Herghelie (0.800 km) DJ 108B (Dej – Dej, Cetan, Vad, 35 DJ 109E 0+000 17+000 Sălaj County border 17.000 Dej, Vad ViileDejului district) Valea Groșilor Vechea, Deușu, 36 DJ 109S 0+000 DJ 109A (Vechea) 14+320 DJ 109 (Borșa) 14.320 Sânmartin, Giula, Chinteni, Borșa Borșa Nicula, Nicula Reclassified from DC 37 DJ 109T 0+000 DJ 109D 2+860 Nicula Monastery 2.860 FizeșuGherlii Monastery 15 Reclassified from DC DJ 109A (Cluj- Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, 147 (Cluj-Napoca – 38 DJ 109V 0+000 Napoca – Fânațe 15+390 DJ 109S (Giula) 15.390 Pădureni, Satu Chinteni, Borșa Pădureni – 8.190 km) district) Lung, Giula + DC 148 Câmpia Turzii, Viișoara, Bolduț, Boian, Ceanu Câmpia Turzii, Reclassified from DJ DN 15 (Câmpia Mare, Soporu de Viișoara, Ceanu 39 DJ 150 0+000 49+580 DJ 161G (Pălatca) 48.800 150 + overlap with DN Turzii) Câmpie, Frata, Mare, Frata, 16 (0.780 km) + DC 28 Berchieșu, Crișeni, Mociu, Pălatca Boteni, Mociu, Chesău, Pălatca RoAF 71st Air Base Luna, RoAF 71st 40 DJ 150A 0+000 DN 15 (Luna) 3+160 3.160 Luna (Luna) Air Base 608 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Mureș County Tritenii de Sus, 41 DJ 151C 12+500 border (Valea 22+700 DJ 150 10.200 Tritenii de Jos, Tritenii de Jos Pădurii) Colonia Căianu-Vamă, Gădălin, Bonțida, Reclassified from DJ Căianu, Jucu, DN 16 (Căianu- Sălaj County border Luna de Jos, 161 + overlap with DJ 42 DJ 161 0+000 49+780 49.050 Bonțida, Dăbâca, Vamă) (Voievodeni) Dăbâca, Pâglișa, 109A (0.730 km) + DC Panticeu Dârja, Panticeu, 156 Sărata Apahida, Moriști, Cara, Cojocna, Apahida, Cojocna, 43 DJ 161A 0+000 DN 1C (Apahida) 29+800 DJ 150 (Ceanu Mare) 29.800 Iuriu de Câmpie, Ceanu Mare Strucut, Ceanu Mare Ceanu Mare, Reclassified from DC Ciurgău, Andici, 62 + DC 69 (Ploscoș - Morțești, Ploscoș, Ceanu Mare, Turda – 14.650 km) + DJ 161A (Ceanu Salina Turda salt 44 DJ 161B 0+000 45+980 Călărași-Gară 42.530 Ploscoș, Turda, overlap with DN 1 Mare) mine, Turda, Mihai Călărași (3.450 km) + DC 68A Vodă Monastery, (Turda - Călărași-Gară Bogata, Călărași, – 15.030 km) Călărași-Gară Iclod, Aluniș, Reclassified from DC 45 DJ 161C 0+000 DN 1C (Iclod) 26+300 DN 1C (Dej) 26.300 Corneni, Pintic, Iclod, Aluniș, Dej, 167 OcnaDejului, Dej 609 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Jichișu de Sus, Jichișu de Jos, Dej, Reclassified from DC Mănăstirea, Nireș, 174 (Jichișu de Sus – Daroț, Unguraș, Jichișu de Jos, Dej – 9.000 km) + DC 174 (Jichișu de Batin, Valea Dej, Mica, 46 DJ 161 D 0+000 55+691 DJ 109C 53.367 overlap with DN 1C Sus) Ungurașului, Unguraș, (1.341 km) + DC 11 + Ceaba, Cutca, Sânmartin overlap with DJ 171F Sâmboieni, (0.983 km) + DC 11 Sânmartin, Târgușor Târgușor, Diviciorii Mari, DivicioriiMici, Sânmartin, Buza, Reclassified from DC 47 DJ 161E 0+000 DJ 161D (Târgușor) 27+510 DJ 109C (Hodaie) 27.510 Buza, Feldioara, Cătina 18 Valea Caldă, Hodaie Reclassified from DC DJ 161E (Valea Valea Caldă, 48 DJ 161F 0+000 1+500 DC 22 (Cătina) 1.500 Cătina 21 (Valea Caldă – Caldă) Cătina Cătina – 1.500) Reclassified from DC Sucutard, Chiriș, 29 + overlap with DN Petea, Pălatca, Geaca, 49 DJ 161G 0+000 DJ 109C (Sucutard) 23+106 DN 16 (Căianu) 21.900 16 (1.206 km) + DC 46 Vaida-Cămăraș, PălatcaCăianu (0.500 km) + street in Căianu Mic Căianu (2.000 km) 610 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Reclassified from DC GhirișuRomân, 50 DJ 161H 0+000 DN 16 4+000 DC 48 (Suatu) 4.000 Mociu, Suatu 47 (DN 16 – Suatu – Suatu 4.000 km) DN 16 (Zorenii de Zorenii de Vale, Reclassified from DC 51 DJ 161J 0+000 7+100 DJ 109C (Geaca) 7.100 Mociu, Geaca Vale) Roșieni, Geaca 26 Căianu-Vamă, DN 16 (Căianu- Bărăi, Sava, Căianu, Pălatca, Reclassified from DC 52 DJ 161K 0+000 20+120 DJ 161G (Chiriș) 20.120 Vamă) Mureșenii de Geaca 31 Câmpie, Chiriș Reclassified from DEA Topa Mică, 53 DJ 170B 0+000 DN 1F (Topa Mică) 8+000 DJ 109 (Așchileu Mic) 8.000 Sânpaul, Așchileu (Topa Mică – Așchileu Așchileu Mic Mic – 8.000 km) Bistrița-Năsăud 54 DJ 172A 33+000 39+400 DJ 109C (Țaga) 6.400 Năsal, Țaga Țaga County border Gherla, MintiuGherlii, Petrești, Salatiu, Braniștea (Bistrița- Mănăstirea, Mica, Gherla, 55 DJ 172F 0+000 DN 1C (Gherla) 22+570 Năsăud County 22.570 Dâmbu Mare, MintiuGherlii, border) Sânmărghita, Mica Valea Luncii, Bistrița-Năsăud County border 611 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Reclassified from DC 7 Chiuiești, Valea (Chiuiești – DC 9 – 56 DJ 182E 0+000 DN 18B (Chiuiești) 7+000 Cășiel Monastery 7.000 Cășielului, Cășiel Chiuiești 5.000 km) + DC 9 (DC Monastery 7 – Cășiel Monastery – 2.000 km) Cuzdrioara, Valea Reclassified from DC 3 DN 17 (Cuzdrioara) Cuzdrioara, 57 DJ 182F 0+000 9+980 DN 18B (Rugășești) 9.980 Gârboului, Gârbău (DN 17 – DJ 182 – (Cuzdrioara) Cășeiu Dejului, Rugășești 9.980 km) Oșteana Tourist Complex, 58 DJ 191D 31+310 Sălaj County border 35+800 DJ 108A (Vânători) 4.470 Ciucea CaleaLată hamlet, Vânători Bihor County Reclassified from DEF border. Initial point 2091 – Bihor County 59 DJ 763 32+760 of origin DN 76 43+260 DJ 108C (DodaPilii) 10.500 Ic-Ponor, DodaPilii Mărgău border – DodaPilii (Sudrigiu – Bihor section (10.500 km) County) DJ 108K (Drăgan- Valea Drăganului, 60 DJ 764B 0+000 DN 1 22+600 22.600 Poieni Floroiu Dam) LuncaVișagului *** DE – service road. DEA – agricultural road. DEF – logging road. DEM – mining road. Data source – Government Decision no. 782/2014 amending the annexes to Government Decision no. 540/2000, Annexes 1-4 on the approval of the classification into functional categories of public roads and private utility roads open to public traffic. Published in the Official Journal no. 707 Bis of September 29, 2014 612 ANNEX 12. LIST OF COMMUNAL ROADS IN CLUJ COUNTY. Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) 1 DC 1 0+000 DN 1C 3+400 Muncel 3.400 Câțcău, Muncel Câțcău 2 DC 2 0+000 DN 1C (Câțcău) 5+500 Coplean (DN 1C) 5.500 Câțcău, Sălișca Câțcău Reclassified from DJ Rugășești, Guga, 3 DC 3 0+000 DN 18B (Rugășești) 7+420 Comorâța 7.420 Cășeiu 182 Comorâța (7.420 Comorâța km) 4 DC 4 0+000 DC 3 (Guga) 2+400 Custura 2.400 Guga, Custura Cășeiu 5 DC 5 0+000 DN 18B (Sălătruc) 3+700 Leurda 3.700 Sălătruc, Leurda Cășeiu 6 DC 6 0+000 DN 18B (Chiuiești) 3+900 DosuBricii 3.900 DosuBricii Chiuiești Reclassified from DJ 7 DC 7 0+000 DJ 182E 8+600 Huta 8.600 Strâmbu, Huta Chiuiești 182E (8.600 km) 8 DC 8 0+000 DC 9A 1+000 Valea luiOpriș 1.000 Valea luiOpriș Chiuiești Chiuiești, Valea 9 DC 9A 0+000 DJ 182E (Chiuiești) 3+900 Valea luiOpriș 3.900 Chiuiești luiOpriș 10 DC 10 0+000 DN 17 1+900 Mănășturel 1.900 Mănășturel Cuzdrioara 11 DC 12 0+000 DJ 161D (Unguraș) 5+000 Daroț 5.000 Unguraș, Daroț Unguraș 12 DC 13 0+000 DJ 161D 2+000 Batin 2.000 Batin Unguraș 613 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Sicfa (Bistrița-Năsăud 13 DC 14 0+000 DJ 161D 2+000 2.000 Sicfa Unguraș County border) Origin DJ 172I Beudiu (BN) - Bediu, Valea Nușeni (BN), Reclassified from DEA 14 DC 14A 2+500 5+000 Valea Ungurașului 2.500 Bistrița-Năsăud Ungurașului Unguraș (CJ) 1521 (2.500) County border DJ 172F MintiuGherlii, 15 DC 16 0+000 7+000 Pădureni 7.000 MintiuGherlii (MintiuGherlii) Pădureni DJ 172F (Valea 16 DC 17 0+000 1+600 Valea Cireșoii 1.600 Valea Luncii Mica Luncii) Reclassified from DEA DJ 161E (Valea 17 DC 18 0+000 5+000 DJ 109C (Geaca) 5.000 Valea Caldă, Geaca Cătina, Geaca Valea Caldă – Geaca Caldă) (5.000) 18 DC 19 0+000 DJ 161E 2+000 Măhal 2.000 Măhal Sânmartin Reclassified from 19 DC 20 0+000 DJ 161E (Buza) 6+200 Rotunda 6.200 Buza, Rotunda Buza street in Buza (2.000 km) + DC 20 Reclassified from DC Cătina, Copru, 20 DC 21 0+000 DJ 161F (Cătina) 7+500 DJ 161E (Feldioara) 7.500 Cătina 21 Cătina-Feldioara Feldioara (7.500) Cătina (CJ), Țagu Cătina (CJ), 21 DC 21B 0+000 DC 21 (Cătina) 4+500 Bistrița-Năsăud 4.500 Reclassified from DEA (BN) Budești (BN) County border. Final Cătina – Bistrița- 614 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) destination DC 21 Năsăud County border (BN) (4.500) Cătina, Hagău, 22 DC 22 0+000 DJ 161F (Cătina) 8+100 DJ 161E (Hodaie) 8.100 Cătina Hodaie 23 DC 23 0+000 DJ 172A (Țaga) 6+350 Năsal 6.350 Țaga, Năsal Țaga 24 DC 24 0+000 DJ 109C 1+600 Lacu 1.600 Lacu Geaca DJ 109C Sâmboleni, Zorenii 25 DC 25 0+000 13+000 Năoiu 13.000 Cămărașu, Mociu (Sâmboleni) de Vale, Năoiu 26 DC 30 0+000 DJ 161G (Petea) 6+500 DJ 109C (Geaca) 6.500 Petea, Legii, Geaca Pălatca, Geaca Bonțida, Coasta, 27 DC 32 0+000 DJ 161 (Bonțida) 9+880 DJ 161K 9.880 Bonțida Tăușeni 28 DC 33 0+000 DJ 161K (Sava) 2+500 Băgaciu 2.500 Sava, Băgaciu Pălatca 29 DC 34 0+000 DJ 109C (Sucutard) 5+600 Puini 5.600 Sucutard, Puini Geaca Sântioana, 30 DC 35 0+000 DJ 109C (Sântioana) 7+800 Sântejude 7.800 Sântejude Vale, Țaga Sântejude Sântioana, Țaga, 31 DC 36 0+000 DJ 109C (Sântioana) 12+000 DJ 109D (Săcălaia) 12.000 Săcălaia FizeșuGherlii 615 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) According to Google Gherla, Hășdate, 32 DC 37 0+000 DJ 172F (Gherla) 6+000 Silivaș 6.000 Gherla City Maps, the origin is not Silivaș DN 1C, but DJ 172F 33 DC 38 0+000 DN 1C (Iclod) 3+000 Iclozel 3.000 Iclod, Iclozel Iclod DJ 172 F (Gherla) Reclassified from Gherla City, street in Gherla (1.600 34 DC 39 0+000 7+300 DJ 109D (Săcălaia) 7.300 Gherla, Săcălaia * See the remark FizeșuGherlii km) + DEA Gherla – about DC 37 Săcălaia (5,700) Reclassified from DE (2.000 km) DJ 109D (Juc- DN 1C (Jucu de Juc-Herghelie, 35 DC 40 0+000 2+000 2.000 Jucu Herghelie) Mijloc) Jucu de Mijloc DJ 109D instead of DN 1C DJ 109D (Jucu de Apahida, Jucu, 36 DC 41 0+000 DN 1C (Apahida) 7+080 7.080 Apahida, Jucu Sus) Jucu de Sus 37 DC 42 0+000 DN 16 (Corpadea) 3+400 Corpadea 3.400 Corpadea Apahida DN 16 (Căianu- Căianu-Vamă, 38 DC 43 0+000 7+350 DJ 161A (Cojocna) 7.350 Căianu, Cojocna Vamă) Cojocna DJ 161A (Iuriu de Iuriu de Câmpie, 39 DC 45 0+000 2+000 Huci 2.000 Cojocna Câmpie) Huci Căianu, Văleni, 40 DC 46 0+000 DJ 161G (Căianu) 4+100 DN 16 (Căianu Mic) 4.100 Căianu Reclassified from DC Căianu Mic 46 Căianu-Văleni 616 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) (1.500 km) + DEA (2,600) Reclassified from DC 41 DC 47 0+000 DC 47A (Suatu) 6+000 Aruncuta 6.000 Suatu, Aruncuta Suatu 47 Suatu-Aruncuta (6.000 km) Reclassified from DE 42 DC 47A 0+000 DJ 161H (Suatu) 5+000 DJ 150 (Berchieșu) 5.000 Suatu, Berchieșu Suatu, Frata (5.000 km) 43 DC 48 0+000 DJ 161H (Suatu) 6+700 Dâmburile 6.700 Suatu, Dâmburile Suatu 44 DC 49 0+000 DJ 150 (Crișeni) 2+000 Boteni 2.000 Boteni Mociu Reclassified from DEA Mureș County Mociu (CJ), Crișeni – Mureș 45 DC 49A 0+000 DJ 150 (Crișeni) 1+700 border (DC 104 – 1.700 Crișeni, Vișinelu Sărmașu town County border (1.700 Vișinelu) (MS) km) 46 DC 50 0+000 DJ 150 (Frata) 2+200 Olariu 2.200 Frata, Olariu Frata Mureș County Frata, Oaș, Poiana Reclassified from DC 47 DC 51 0+000 DJ 150 (Frata) 8+560 8.560 Frata border Frății 51 + DEA (4.000 km) 48 DC 52 0+000 DC 51 (Frata) 2+700 Oaș 2.700 Frata, Oaș Frata Soporu de Câmpie, 49 DC 53 0+000 DJ 150 (Frata) 1+800 PădureaIacobeni 1.800 Frata PădureaIacobeni 50 DC 54 0+000 DJ 150 2+000 Răzoare 2.000 Răzoare Frata 617 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Iacobeni (CJ). Final Soporul de Frata (CJ), Ceanu DJ 150 (Ceanu 51 DC 55 0+000 4+000 destination DC 99 – 4.000 Câmpie, Iacobeni, Mare (CJ), Valea Mare) Valea Frăției (MS) Valea Frăției Largă (MS) DJ 151C (Valea Boian, Ceanu Mare (CJ), 52 DC 56 0+000 DJ 150 (Boian) 4+470 Pădurii village - 4.470 HodăiBoian, Valea Valea Largă (MS) Mureș County) Pădurii DJ 161B (Valea lui Bolduț, Valea 53 DC 57 0+000 DJ 150 (Bolduț) 4+400 4.400 Ceanu Mare Cati) luiCati Pădureni. Final 54 DC 58 0+000 DJ 151C 4+800 destination – Mureș 4.800 Pădureni Tritenii de Jos County border DJ 151C (Tritenii de Clapa. Mureș County Tritenii de Jos, 55 DC 59 0+000 5+650 5.650 Tritenii de Jos Jos) border Clapa DC 59 (Tritenii de Tritenii de Jos, 56 DC 60 0+000 4+500 Tritenii-Hotar 4.500 Tritenii de Jos Jos) Tritenii-Hotar 57 DC 61 0+000 DJ 150 6+000 Urca 6.000 Urca Viișoara Reclassified from street in Câmpia Turzii Câmpia Turzii, Câmpia Turzii (1.200 km) + DEA 58 DC 62 0+000 Câmpia Turzii 6+800 DC 68 (Călărași-Gară) 6.800 Călărași-Gară City, Călărași Câmpia Turzii – Călărași-Gară (5.600 km) 618 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) 59 DC 63 0+000 DJ 161B (Stârcu) 1+000 Stârcu 1.000 Stârcu Ceanu Mare Ciurgău, DJ 161B (Valea lui Ceanu Mare, 60 DC 64 0+000 9+000 DC 69 (Valea Florilor) 9.000 DosuNapului, Cati) Ploscoș Valea Florilor 61 DC 65 0+000 DJ 161A (Strucut) 1+500 DC 64 (Ciurgău) 1.500 Strucut, Ciurgău Ceanu Mare Ceanu Mare, 62 DC 66 0+000 Ceanu Mare 5+700 DJ 150 5.700 Ceanu Mare Fânațe Alba County border Final destination DC 63 DC 67 0+000 DJ 107F (Gligorești) 2+600 2.600 Gligorești Luna 2 – Gura Arieșului (AB) RoAF 71st Air Reclassified from DEA DJ 150A (Luna – DC 68A (Călărași- 64 DC 68 0+000 3+000 3.000 Base, Călărași- Luna, Călărași Luna – Călărași-Gară RoAF 71st Air Base) Gară) Gară (3.000 km) Alba County border. Reclassified from DC Final destination in Călărași (CJ), DJ 161B (Călărași- Călărași-Gară, 68 A Călărași-Gară – 65 DC 68A 0+000 2+270 DJ 107F 2.270 LuncaMureșului Gară) LuncaMureșului Alba County border (LuncaMureșului, (AB) (2.270 km) Alba County) Reclassified from DC Ploscoș, Valea 66 DC 69 0+000 DJ 161B (Ploscoș) 4+350 Lobodaș 4.350 Ploscoș 69 Ploscoș-Lobodaș Florilor, Lobodaș (4.350 km) 619 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Câmpia Turzii, villages and Reclassified from DEA DN 15 (Câmpia localities related Câmpia Turzii 67 DC 69A 0+000 9+600 DJ 161B (Ploscoș) 9.600 Câmpia Turzii – Turzii) to the built-up City, Ploscoș Ploscoș (9.600 km) area (Petrilaca, Cânepiști), Ploscoș Crairât, Valea 68 DC 70 0+000 DJ 161B (Crairât) 2+500 DC 69 (Valea Florilor) 2.500 Ploscoș Florilor Reclassified from DC Feleacu, 77 Feleacu – 69 DC 71 0+000 DN 1 (Feleacu) 5+600 CaseleMicești 5.600 Feleacu CaseleMicești CaseleMicești (5.600 km) 70 DC 72 0+000 DN 1 2+000 Copăceni 2.000 Copăceni Săndulești 71 DC 73 0+000 DN 1 (Mărtinești) 2+500 Comșești 2.500 Comșești Tureni 72 DC 74 0+000 DN 1 1+900 Mărtinești 1.900 Mărtinești Tureni Reclassified from DC DC 77 (Sărădiș) + DN 73 DC 75 0+000 DJ 103M (Vâlcele) 5+120 5.120 Vâlcele, Sărădiș Feleacu 75 Vâlcele – DJ 103J – 1N Sărădiș (5.120 km) 74 DC 76 0+000 DJ 161A (Cojocna) 6+000 DJ 105S (Boju) 6.000 Cojocna, Boju Cojocna Reclassified from CD DJ 103G Gheorghieni, 75 DC 77 0+000 5+350 Intersects with DN 5.350 Feleacu 77 Gheorghieni – DJ (Gheorghieni) Sărădiș, Feleacu 1N and final 103T (5.350 km) 620 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) destination in DJ 103T Boju, Boj-Cătun, Reclassified from DC DJ 161A (Iuriu de 76 DC 78 0+000 DJ 105S (Boju) 14+000 14.000 Straja, Iuriu de Cojocna 78 Boju – Iuriu de Câmpie) Câmpie Câmpie (14.000 km) 77 DC 79 0+000 DJ 105S (Pata) 2+000 Bodrog 2.000 Pata, Bodrog Apahida DN 1N (Cluj- 78 DC 80 0+000 13+000 DJ 161A 13.000 Dezmir, Cara Apahida, Cojocna Napoca) 79 DC 81 0+000 DN 1 3+000 Stejeriș 3.000 Stejeriș Moldovenești DJ 103G Bădeni, Plăiești, 80 DC 82 0+000 DN 1 10+000 10.000 Moldovenești (Moldovenești) Moldovenești Reclassified from DC 81 DC 85 0+000 DJ 103G (Tureni) 11+893 Micești 11.893 Tureni, Micești Tureni 85 Tureni – Micești (11.893 km) DJ 107L (Petreștii de Petreștii de Jos, 82 DC 86 0+000 3+800 Deleni 3.800 Petreștii de Jos Jos) Deleni Petreștii de Jos, DJ 107L (Petreștii de Petreștii de Mijloc, Petreștii de Jos, 83 DC 87 0+000 8+170 DC 107 (Borzești) 8.170 Jos) Petreștii de Sus, Iara Borzești 84 DC 88 0+000 DJ 107L 5+400 DC 104 (Livada) 5.400 Livada Petreștii de Jos 621 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) 85 DC 89 0+000 DJ 107L (Crăiești) 3+100 Plaiuri 3.100 Crăiești, Plaiuri Petreștii de Jos Petreștii de Jos, 86 DC 90 0+000 DJ 107L 3+000 Pădureni 3.000 Crăești, Pădureni Ciurila Reclassified from DC 87 DC 91 0+000 DJ 107L 10+300 DJ 107R (Sălicea) 10.300 Pruniș, Săliște Ciurila 91 + DEA Săliște – DJ 107R (6.000 km) 88 DC 92 0+000 DJ 107L 2+500 Șutu 2.500 Șutu Ciurila 89 DC 93A 0+000 DN 1 2+100 BunăZiua road 2.100 90 DC 94 0+000 DJ 107M 0+700 Săcel 0.700 Săcel Băișoara Reclassified from DC 91 DC 96 0+000 DJ 105L 3+100 Tăuți 3.100 Tăuți Florești 96 – DJ 105L – Tăuți (3.100 km) Reclassified from DEA 92 DC 98 0+000 DN 1 1+100 Luna de Sus 1.100 Luna de Sus Florești (0+400) + Street in Luna de Sus (0+700) 93 DC 99 0+000 DJ 107M (Lita) 5+000 Hășdate 5.000 Lita, Hășdate Săvădisla DJ 107R (Muntele Muntele Băișorii, 94 DC 100A 0+000 6+000 Muntele Bocului 6.000 Băișoara Băișorii) Muntele Bocului DJ 107N (Moara de Moara de Pădure, 95 DC 101 0+000 3+500 Muntele Săcelului 3.500 Băișoara Pădure) MunteleSăcelului 622 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) DJ 107N (Moara de Moara de Pădure, 96 DC 101A 0+000 6+000 Muntele Filii 6.000 Băișoara Pădure) MunteleFilii Iara, Mașca, Valea 97 DC 102 0+000 DJ 107M (Iara) 9+000 Valea Vadului 9.000 Iara Vadului Iara, Cacova Ierii, 98 DC 102A 0+000 DC 102 (Iara) 7+560 DC 102 (Mașca) 7.560 Iara Mașca 99 DC 103 0+000 DJ 107M (Iara) 5+100 Agriș 5.100 Iara, Agriș Iara Făgetu Ierii, Iara, 100 DC 104 0+000 Făgetu Ierii 7+700 DC 106 (Măgura Ierii) 7.700 Valea Agrișului, Iara Măgura Ierii Iara, Ocolișel, 101 DC 105 0+000 DJ 107M (Iara) 12+850 DN 75 (Lungești) 12.850 Iara Lungești 102 DC 106 0+000 DJ 107M 3+000 DC 104 (Măgura Ierii) 3.000 Măgura Ierii Iara 103 DC 107 0+000 DN 75 (Buru) 5+000 Borzești 5.000 Buru, Borzești Iara Muntele Rece DJ 107N (Muntele Muntele Rece (Râșca Monastery, Râșca 104 DC 110 0+000 5+000 5.000 Măguri-Răcătău Rece Monastery) hamlet) hamlet, Muntele Rece village DJ 107T 105 DC 110C 0+000 (CoadalaculuiSomeș 4+000 DC111 (Măguri) 4.000 Măguri Măguri-Răcătău ulRece) 623 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) DJ 107T (Măguri Măguri, Măguri- 106 DC 111 0+000 7+000 DC 110C (Măguri) 7.000 Măguri-Răcătău Răcătău) Răcătău DJ 103K (Dângău 107 DC 113 0+000 2+000 Bălcești 2.000 Bălcești Căpușu Mare Mare) 108 DC 114 0+000 DN 1 3+500 Căpușu Mic 3.500 Căpușu Mic Căpușu Mare 109 DC 115 0+000 DJ 108C 3+000 Bedeciu 3.000 Bedeciu Mănăstireni 110 DC 116 0+000 DJ 108C 3+000 DC 119 (Dretea) 3.000 Dretea Mănăstireni DJ 108C Mănăstireni, Bica, Mănăstireni, 111 DC 117 0+000 9+410 DN 1 (Șaula) 9.410 (Mănăstireni) Șăula, Nearșova IzvoruCrișului Râșca, Dealu Reclassified from DC DJ 103K (Dângău Râșca, Căpușu 112 DC 118 0+000 DJ 103K (Râșca) 12+840 12.840 Mare, Lăpuștești, 118 Râșca – Dângău Mic) Mare Dângău Mic Mic (12.840 km) Reclassified from DEA 113 DC 119 0+000 DC 117 2+500 DC 116 (Dretea) 2.500 Bica, Dretea Mănăstireni 117C – Dretea (2.500 km) Reclassified from DC Beliș, Bălcești, 121 + DEA Beliș - 114 DC 121 0+000 DN 1R (Beliș) 17+250 DJ 108C (Răchițele) 17.250 Beliș, Mărgău Răchițele DealuBotii (9.150 km) + DC 128B 115 DC 122 0+000 DN 1R (Călățele) 3+340 Finciu 3.340 Călățele, Finciu Călățele 624 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Bociu, Buteni, 116 DC 123 0+000 Bociu 5+100 Ciuleni 5.100 Mărgău Ciuleni Huedin, Domoșu, 117 DC 124 0+000 DN 1R (Huedin) 5+250 Horlacea 5.250 Huedin, Sâncraiu Horlacea Sâncraiu, Brăișoru, 118 DC 126 0+000 DJ 103J (Sâncraiu) 15+200 Hodișu 15.200 Sâncraiu, Poieni Hodișu 119 DC 127 0+000 DC 126 2+000 Morlaca 2.000 Morlaca Poieni Cătun, DodaPilii, 120 DC 128A 0+000 DJ 108C 8+700 Giurcuța de Sus 8.700 Beliș Giurcuța de Sus 121 DC 128C 0+000 DJ 128A 1+700 Smida 1.700 Smida Beliș 122 DC 129 0+000 DJ 103H (Săcuieu) 9+000 Rogojel 9.000 Săcuieu, Rogojel Săcuieu Reclassified from DC 123 DC 130 0+000 DJ 103J 7+050 DC 131 (Tranișu) 7.050 Vișagu, Tranișu Săcuieu, Poieni 130, DJ 103J – Vișagu section (7.050) DJ 764B (Valea 124 DC 131 0+000 4+000 DC 130 (Tranișu) 4.000 Tranișu Poieni Drăganului) 125 DC 132 0+000 DN 1 (Negreni) 7+000 Prelucele 7.000 Prelucele Negreni DC 137 (Ticu- Ticu-Colonie, 126 DC 133 0+000 2+000 Dâncu 2.000 Aghireșu Colonie) Dâncu 625 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Sălaj County border. IzvoruCrișului, DN 1 Final destination in 127 DC 135 0+000 5+460 5.460 Nadășu, Gălășeni IzvoruCrișului (IzvoruCrișului) DJ 108N (Petrindu – railway halt (SJ) Sălaj County) DJ 108N (Sălaj Ticu-Colonie, 128 DC 137 0+000 10+500 Arghișu 10.500 Aghireșu County border) Arghișu Dumbrava, Inucu, Căpușu Mare, 129 DC 138 0+000 DN 1 (Dumbrava) 9+870 DJ 108C (Dorolțu) 9.870 Dorolț Aghireșu Căpușu Mare, 130 DC 139 0+000 DN 1 (Căpușu Mare) 3+000 Straja 3.000 Căpușu Mare Straja Gârbău, Turea, 131 DC 140 0+000 DJ 108C (Gârbău) 10+000 Cornești 10.000 Gârbău Cornești Reclassified from DEA 132 DC 140A 0+000 DJ 108C (Dorolț) 2+000 Băgara 2.000 Băgara Aghireșu (2.000 km) Reclassified from 133 DC 141 0+000 DN 1F 3+700 Suceagu 3.700 Suceagu Baciu street in Suceagu (3.700 km) Reclassified from 134 DC 141A 0+000 DN 1J 7+400 DN 1 (Gilău) 7.400 Viștea, Gilău Gârbău, Gilău street in Viștea (2.000 km) 626 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Reclassified from 135 DC 141B 0+000 DN 1F 2+000 Mera 2.000 Mera Baciu street in Mera (2.000 km) DJ 108C (Macău 136 DC 142A 0+000 3+000 Macău 3.000 Macău Aghireșu halt) DJ 109A (Cluj- Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca City, 137 DC 142B 0+000 5+000 DJ 105T (Popești) 5.000 Napoca) Popești Baciu Sub Coastă, 138 DC 142C 0+000 DN 1N (Sub Coastă) 7+600 DN 1C (Apahida) 7.600 Apahida Apahida Cluj-Napoca (Colonia 139 DC 142D 0+000 DN 1C (Cluj-Napoca) 5+000 5.000 Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca City Sopor) 140 DC 143 0+000 DN 1F 3+000 Șardu 3.000 Șardu Sânpaul Sânpaul, DJ 105T 141 DC 144 0+000 DN 1F (Sânpaul) 7+000 7.000 Sumurducu, Sânpaul, Baciu (SălișteaNouă) SălișteaNouă DJ 109 (Așchileu Berindu, Cristorel, 142 DC 145 0+000 DJ 105T (Berindu) 9+020 9.020 Sânpaul, Așchileu Mare) Așchileu Mare Fodora, Dorna, Așchileu, 143 DC 146 0+000 DJ 109 (Fodora) 5+000 DC 157 (Cătălina) 5.000 Cătălina Panticeu DJ 109 (Așchileu Așchileu Mare, 144 DC 146A 0+000 4+000 DC 146 (Dorna) 4.000 Așchileu Mare) Dorna 627 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Reclassified from DC Pădureni, 147 – Pădureni – 145 DC 147 0+000 DJ 109V (Pădureni) 4+310 DC 156 (Feiurdeni) 4.310 Chinteni Feiurdeni Feiurdeni section (4.310 km) Reclassified from 146 DC 148A 0+000 DJ 109A (Șoimeni) 2+000 Șoimeni 2.000 Șoimeni, Vultureni Vultureni street in Șoimeni 147 DC 150 0+000 DJ 109A 5+700 DJ 109 (Vultureni) 5.700 Făureni, Vultureni Vultureni 148 DC 151 0+000 DJ 109 (Borșa) 3+000 Bădești 3.000 Bădești Vultureni 149 DC 151A 0+000 DJ 109S (Borșa) 3+700 Borșa-Crestaia 3.700 Borșa-Crestaia Borșa Giula, Ciumăfaia, 150 DC 152 0+000 DJ 109S (Giula) 8+500 Chidea 8.500 Borșa, Vultureni Chidea 151 DC 153 0+000 DN 1C (Sânnicoară) 3+800 DN 1L 3.800 Sânnicoară Apahida 152 DC 154 0+000 DN 1C 6+000 DC 156 (Câmpenești) 6.000 Câmpenești Apahida 153 DC 155 0+000 DJ 161 6+780 Cubleșu Someșan 6.780 Cubleșu Someșan Panticeu DC 154 Câmpenești, 154 DC 156 0+000 6+500 DC 147 (Feiurdeni) 6.500 Apahida, Chinteni (Câmpenești) Feiurdeni 155 DC 157 0+000 DJ 161 3+200 DC 146 (Cătălina) 3.200 Cătălina Panticeu Panticeu, Recea- 156 DC 158 0+000 DJ 109A (Panticeu) 4+600 Elciu 4.600 Elciu Cristur 628 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Lujerdiu, Bârlea, 157 DC 159 0+000 DJ 109B (Lujerdiu) 6+000 Tioltiur 6.000 Cornești Tioltiur Oșorhel, Antăș, 158 DC 160 0+000 DJ 109B (Oșorhel) 3+500 Blidărești 3.500 Bobâlna Blidărești DJ 109A 159 DC 162 0+000 3+850 Osoi 3.850 Ciubăncuța, Osoi Recea-Cristur (Ciubăncuța) 160 DC 163 0+000 DJ 109A 1+700 Escu 1.700 Escu Recea-Cristur 161 DC 164 0+000 DJ 108B (Bobâlna) 4+300 Pruni 4.300 Bobâlna, Pruni Bobâlna Maia, Cremenea, 162 DC 165 0+000 DJ 108B (Maia) 5+300 Băbdiu 5.300 Bobâlna Suarăș, Băbdiu DJ 108B (Șomcutu Șomcutu Mic, 163 DC 166 0+000 5+000 Peștera 5.000 Dej City Mic) Peștera 164 DC 168 0+000 DJ 161C (Corneni) 2+000 Vale 2.000 Vale Aluniș 165 DC 169 0+000 DJ 161C (Iclod) 5+000 Ghirolt 5.000 Ghirolt Aluniș 166 DC 170 0+000 DJ 161C (Aluniș) 3+000 Pruneni 3.000 Aluniș, Pruneni Aluniș 167 DC 171 0+000 DN 1C (Livada) 7+000 Orman 7.000 Livada, Orman Iclod Reclassified from 168 DC 172A 0+000 DN 1C 2+500 Băița 2.500 Băița Gherla City street in Băița (2.500 km) 629 Origin Destination No. Road name Length (km) Localities served Covered TAUs Remarks Position Position Location Location (km) (km) Reclassified from 169 DC 172B 0+000 DN 1C 1+200 Bunești 1.5200 Bunești MintiuGherlii street in Bunești (1.200 km) 170 DC 173 0+000 DN 1C 4+000 Nima 4.000 Nima MintiuGherlii Reclassified from DC DJ 161D (Jichișu de 171 DC 174 0+000 2+780 Șigău 2.780 Șigău Jichișu de Jos 174 – Jichișu de Sus - Sus) Șigău section (2.780) 172 DC 175 0+000 DJ 161D 5+000 Tărpiu 5.000 Tărpiu Jichișu de Jos 173 DC 176 0+000 DJ 161D (Dej) 3+000 Codor 3.000 Codor Jichișu de Jos Câțcău, Vad, Bogata de Jos, 174 DC 177 0+000 DN 1C (Câțcău) 13+000 Calna 13.000 Câțcău, Vad Bogata de Sus, Calna DC 177 (Bogata de 175 DC 178 0+000 2+000 CurtuiușuDejului 2.000 CurtuiușuDejului Vad Jos) *** DE – service road. DEA – agricultural road. DEF – logging road. DEM – mining road. Data source – Government Decision no. 782/2014 amending the annexes to Government Decision no. 540/2000, Annexes 1-4 on the approval of the classification into functional categories of public roads and private utility roads open to public traffic. Published in the Official Journal no. 707 Bis of September 29, 20 630 631