EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA WOMEN DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER AT A GLANCE MEN POPULATION BY AGE, 2010 Source: UN World Population Prospects. 81821 100+ ESTONIA 90-94 80-84 70-74 GNI per capita (Atlas Method) US$15,8301 60-64 Population living below US$2.50 2%2 50-54 Most recent…. 40-44 Government Gender Action Plan Not available 30-34 Country Gender Assessment Not available 20-24 Source: 1WDI, 2012. 2EU-SILC, 2010. Estimated as of September 2013. 10-14 0-4 EQUALITY IN ESTONIA, 2000-2011 Source: GenderStats, UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union. WOMEN EDUCATION Female gross MEN secondary 2000* enrollment SHARE OF TERTIARY GRADUATES BY AREA OF STUDY (%), 2010 100 2011** Source: GenderStats. Education 50 Health Female labor force Humanities and arts Share of women in 0 participation (ages Social science, business and law parliament 15-64) Services Agriculture Science Engineering, manufacturing and construction Women's monthly 0% 50% 100% wages as a share of men's (unadjusted) WOMEN * Women’s wages as a share of men’s (2004). JOBS ** Female gross secondary enrollment (2010); Women’s wages as a share of men’s (2009); MEN Share of women in parliament (2013). LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION (% ages 15-64) , 2000- 2011 Source: GenderStats. GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year 80 World Economic Forum 75 Global Gender Gap Index 0.6977 1 60/135 2012 70 UNDP 65 Gender Empowerment Measure 0.665 1 30/109 2009 60 OECD 55 Social Institutions & Gender Index - 0 - 2012 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR*(%), 2012 Source: EuroStat. *Sectors include those with over 5% of total employment. Sector share of total employment Human health and social work 5% Education 10% Wholesale and retail trade; repairs 13% Public administration and defence 7% Manufacturing 19% Transportation and storage 8% Agriculture, forestry and fishing 5% Construction 10% 0% 50% 100% LEGAL FRAMEWORK The constitution of Estonia guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal ownership and inheritance rights to property. The default marital property regime is partial community of property. There are no laws restricting the industries in which women may work. Women are entitled to 140 calendar days of maternity leave with 100% of wages paid. Men are entitled to 10 days of paternity leave with 100% wages paid. Parents are entitled to an additional 455 days of partially paid parental leave, and 432 days of unpaid parental leave. The law guarantees pregnant and nursing women workplace protections from dismissal and placement in an equivalent position when they return from maternity leave; however, the law does not guarantee rights to a flexible schedule. The law stipulates public provision of childcare for children under the age of primary education. The age at which both men and women can retire and receive full benefits is 63. Source: Women, Business, and the Law (2013). Estonia Europe & Central OECD High Income Year* KEY INDICATORS Asia Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 98 103 102 105 104 103 103 2010 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 107 107 100 97 99 99 102 102 2010 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 49 80 54 66 62 74 65 81 2010 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 95 98 99 101 101 100 101 2010 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 100 100 99 98 99 98 2010 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 27 45 25 31 32 37 2011 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment - 100 - 98 - 100 - 99 2010 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 81 73 80 77 82 76 82 2011 Maternal mortality rates (per 100,000 live births) - 2 - 21 - 19 - 16 2010 Fertility rates (births per woman) - 1.5 - 1.7 - 1.8 - 1.7 2011 Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64) 78 72 77 62 79 62 79 65 2011 Unemployment (% of labor force) 13.1 11.8 8.9 8.7 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.8 2011 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24) 23.8 20.7 19.9 20.5 17.2 16.5 18.0 17.0 2011 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 12 5 22 15 18 13 15 10 2011 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 91 31 2011 living in household Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) - 36 - - - 2009 Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's - 28 - - - 2009 wages, unadjusted) Share of women employed in the non-agricultural sector (% of - 54 - 47 - 46 - 48 2010 total non-agricultural employment) Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+) 96 97 73 66 86 80 92 87 2011 Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments(%) - 21 - 24 - 25 - 24 2013 Firms with female top managers (%) - 26 - - - 2009 Share of women among ministers (%) - 8 - 19 - 24 - 20 2012 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Data from GenderStats (extracted September 10, 2013), UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of September 1, 2013), and the central statistics office of Estonia. DATA Please note that where possible, data is from harmonized internationally comparable sources. WANT TO KNOW MORE? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at www.datatopics.worldbank.org/gender