[2018 SEPTEMBER] Final Policy Note Top 10 Quick-Win Smart City Services for Cairo Governorate: Estimated Budgets and Actions Provided by KLID (Korea Local Information Research & Development Institute) 1 INDEX Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Strategic Framework ........................................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Cairo Mission Overview ....................................................................................................................... 12 1.3 Interview findings from stakeholders .............................................................................................. 12 1.3.1 Central Ministries ................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.2 Cairo Governorate and Districts ......................................................................................................... 18 2. Questionnaire Survey Results ..................................................................................................................... 22 2.1 Smart City Service Survey Overview ................................................................................................ 22 2.2 Analysis Results ..................................................................................................................................... 26 2.3 Summary of Survey and Interview results ..................................................................................... 30 3. Action Plans of Top 10 Quick-Win Services for Smart Cairo Transition........................................... 38 3.1 Capacity Building for Healthcare Services with Hospital Information System (HIS) ........... 38 3.2 Integrated Smart CCTV System Design and Pilot Implementation .......................................... 46 3.3 Solid Waste Management Design and Pilot Project .................................................................... 53 3.4 Emission Test System and Database for Vehicles......................................................................... 56 3.5 Redesign Cairo Traffic Flow and Public transportation ............................................................... 60 3.6 T-Money Card (Transportation Payment Card) ............................................................................. 64 3.7 Call Taxi Service for Disabled People ............................................................................................... 71 3.8 E-learning Systems against Illiteracy in Local Areas .................................................................... 76 3.9 Cloud Based Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) .................................................................... 82 3.10 Citizen Service Center Innovation (One-Stop Service) - 1st Phase ........................................... 85 4. Overall Budget ................................................................................................................................................ 89 5. Discussion ......................................................................................................................................................... 90 References ................................................................................................................................................................ 92 2 Figure Index
Process of Cairo Smart City Project Mission .................................................................... 10
Analysis Framework for Policy Note ............................................................................................. 11
Conceptual difference between e-government and smart city solutions ......... 12
Interview of MOPMAR ....................................................................................................................... 14
Sharing Korean G2G Service Bus (Public Data Sharing) ............................................................. 14
Interview with the Minister of MoLD ............................................................................................. 16
Strategic Meeting for Cooperation ................................................................................................. 16
Interview with Cairo Governorate .................................................................................................. 19
Visit Heliopolis district office............................................................................................................ 20
Visit Heliopolis Citizen Service Center ......................................................................................... 20
Visit Salem district office ................................................................................................................ 21
Visit Salem Citizen Service Center ................................................................................................ 21
Questionnaire Survey Respondents’ Organizations .............................................................. 25
Standardized Score of Healthcare Smart Services ................................................................. 27
Standardized Score of Housing and Environment Smart Services ..................................... 28
Standardized Score of Traffic/Transportation Smart Services ............................................. 29
Selection of Smart City Services for Cairo Governorate.......................................... 37
SNUH-SKSH Cooperation ............................................................................................................. 40
Incheon Smart City Control Center ............................................................................................ 47
Integrated Security Functions (including traffic function) ................................................... 48
Intelligent Street Pole .................................................................................................................... 49 3
Integrated Security Center with Police Function (Anyang City in Korea) ......................... 50
Integrated Security Center Design (Anyang City in Korea) ................................................... 50
Integrated Security with Police, Fire Station and Military (Anyang City in Korea) ......... 51
Gangnam district CCTV Location Map ....................................................................................... 51
Sang-am Waste Recycling Facility .............................................................................................. 53
Waste Management System ........................................................................................................ 54
Sang-Am Waste Recycling Facility Control ............................................................................... 55
Recycling Products made from bi-product of ashes and debris ......................... 55
Vehicle Testing System (MECAR) ................................................................................................. 57
Vehicle Testing Example ................................................................................................................ 58
Structure of Vehicle Emission Integrated Management System ......................................... 59
Transportation Simulation Example ........................................................................................... 61
Before Traffic Simulation (UAE Project) .................................................................................... 63
After Traffic Simulation (UAE Project) ....................................................................................... 63
T-Money Card Payment Flow ...................................................................................................... 65
T-Money Card Charging Station .................................................................................................. 66
Charging T-money Card Instruction ........................................................................................... 66
T-Money Card System Architecture ............................................................................................ 69
T-money Card System ................................................................................................................... 70
Webpage of Call Taxi for Disabled People (www.sisul.or.kr) ............................................. 72
Vehicle types .................................................................................................................................... 72
Common Type of Call-taxi for the Disabled ............................................................................. 73 4
Operating System of Call Taxi System ........................................................................................ 74
Entering into a Call Taxi for Disabled Person ........................................................................... 75
Literacy rate in Egypt and Arabic countries .............................................................................. 77
Electoral List for the Illiterate in Egypt ...................................................................................... 78
LMS (Learning Management System) Solution ........................................................................ 79
Smart Class Room in Korea .......................................................................................................... 80
Smart Learning Language Class for Aged People .................................................................... 80
E-learning System against Illiteracy ........................................................................................... 81
Conventional DC vs Software-Defined DC ................................................................................ 82
SDDC Architecture Diagram ......................................................................................................... 83
Integrated Future Citizen Service Center ................................................................................. 86
As-Is To-Be Model of CSC Innovation with Stepping-stone Models ................................... 87
Top 10 Smart City Architecture ........................................................................................... 91 5 Table Index [Table 1] Survey Items and Services .................................................................................................................... 23 [Table 2] Survey Results for Smart Service Areas in Priority ......................................................................... 26 [Table 3] Safety/Security Smart Services ........................................................................................................... 28 [Table 4] Comments from Respondents Categorized by 12 service areas .................................................. 30 [Table 5] The list of Top 10 Quick-Win Projects from Survey, Interview, and Expert Opinions............... 36 [Table 6] Estimated Budget and Action Plans for Capacity Building Program with HIS .......................... 45 [Table 7] Estimated Budget and Action Plans for Integrated Security Center and Service 52 [Table 8] Estimated Budget for Solid Waste Management Facility Pilot Project ..................... 56 [Table 9] Estimated Budget for Call Taxi for Disabled People .......................................................... 60 [Table 10] Estimated Budget and Action Plans for Traffic Flow and Simulation ...................... 64 [Table 11] Estimated Budget and Action Plan for T-money card pilot system ........................ 71 [Table 12] Estimated Budget for e-learning system for local illiterate adults ........................... 81 [Table 13] SDDC Budget and Action Plans ......................................................................................................... 84 [Table 14] CSC Innovation–one stop service 1st Phase ................................................................................... 87 [Table 15] Overall Budget of top 10 smart city services for Cairo ................................................. 89 6 Executive Summary Cairo, the biggest mega-city in African continent and entire Arab world, has suffered from wide range of city issues including healthcare, public security, environment, transportation, education, IT infrastructure, etc. Smart city solutions and services can be an effective tool to alleviate the problems of cities and increase the welfare of Cairo citizens. Through a questionnaire survey, focused group interviews with government officials in Cairo, and quantitative and qualitative analysis based on collected data, KLID experts selected urgent and significant priorities from many available smart city services for Smart Cairo city, considering strategic importance and feasibility of projects. The current Policy Note includes the quick-win projects with budgets and actions for Smart Cairo, strategy framework and key success factors for the actions with milestones, questionnaire survey results with smart city focus, action plans categorized by quick-win, midterm, long-term projects reflecting human resources, business, technology, process, information, governance, social, demographical, city specific, and cultural aspects; Estimated budgets/costs for smart city services and benchmarking Cairo with other cities including Seoul. Top 10 recommended priority areas reflect not only Korea’s best practices or collected experiences, but also Egyptian citizen’s urgent needs. With more details, action plans of top 10 quick-win projects for Smart Cairo are as follows; (1) Capacity Building for Healthcare Services with Hospital Information System (HIS), (2) Integrated Smart CCTV System Design and Pilot Implementation, (3) Solid Waste Management Design and Pilot Project, (4) Emission Test System and Database for Vehicles, (5) Redesign Cairo Traffic Flow and Public transportation, (6) T-Money Card (Transportation Payment Card), (7) Call Taxi Service for Disabled People, (8) E-learning Systems against Illiteracy in Local Areas, (9) Cloud Based Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) for smart city services, (10) Citizen Service Center Innovation (One-Stop Service). The overall estimated budgets of the top 10 projects are analyzed as 100.5 M USD which are described in the following table: 7 Main Category ID Quick-win project List Budgets Duration Healthcare 1 Capacity Building for 7M 24 Months Healthcare Services with Hospital Information System Security/Safety 2 Integrated Smart CCTV 10M 24 Months System Design and Pilot Implementation Environment 3 Solid Waste 22M 22 Months Management Design and Pilot Project (including first year operation) 4 Emission Test System and 5M 17 Months Database for Vehicles (1 location 5 bay design) Transportation/ 5 Redesign Cairo Traffic 0.5M 12 Months Traffic Flow and Public Transportation 6 T-Money Card 20M 29 Months (Transportation Payment Card) 7 Call Taxi Service for 6M 17 Months Disabled People Education 8 E-learning Systems 5M 16 Months against Illiteracy in Local Areas Smart City 9 Cloud Based Software 20M 24 Months Infrastructure Defined Data Center (SDDC) for Smart City Data Center/Infrastructure 10 Citizen Service Center 5M 18 Months Innovation (One-Stop Service) - 1st Phase The Sum of Top 10 Priority Project 100.5M USD Healthcare service is analyzed as highest-priority area in Cairo. During interviews, the authors came to aware that overall healthcare level needs to be jump up. For this reason, we presume healthcare capacity building with HIS support pilot implementation will be most 8 important smart city services to start. Furthermore, during the interview, literacy was identified as an important issue against smart city deployment. For this reason, government should employ some kind of language program for adults in local communities. Our LMS (Learning Management System) can be one of options to alleviate illiteracy. Overall, these suggested projects are not covering all the areas from request of questionnaire survey and interviews. The selection criteria were indeed based on statistical analysis (T-test, p<0.001) and qualitative comments from government officials as well as expert opinions from World Bank Group and KLID. The authors think that unlike e-government systems initiated from Ministry of Planning and Administrative Reforms and other central Ministries, theses smart city services can be initiated from Cairo Governorate directly and independently (local government). For instance, new infrastructure data center technology like SDDC (Software Defined Data Center) will be a foundation of all smart city services with high level of flexibility and less cost. Future studies in this domain would more elaborate on Cairo specific smart city services with actual implementation perspective. Furthermore, high speed networks and mobile connectivity including 5G and IoT can be stressed without any reservation. This infrastructure connectivity can be functioned as enriching services seamlessly. Cairo has seminal roles in human history/ cultural civilization and has full potential to be top-notch smart city in the world. The authors strongly hope that Cairo will have some solid momentum for healthcare, public security, environment, transportation, education, IT infrastructure, etc. by leveraging the power of smart city services. 1. Strategic Framework 1.1 Overview As with other mega cities, Cairo has been also suffered from many city issues. Smart city solutions and services can alleviate the problems of cities and increase the welfare of citizens. 9 Following process will be the current mission’s overall process. After the inception report, questionnaire survey, focused group interview, and assessment report were provided. Based on these inputs, the current final policy note suggests top 10 most important smart city services that Cairo governorate needs.
Process of Cairo Smart City Project Mission Strategic importance and feasibility (i.e., doability) of a service can be two axes for strategic selection. Furthermore, a preliminary questionnaire survey and focused group interviews with government officials in Cairo were also leveraged for identifying selection criteria for top 10 priority smart city services for Cairo. These quantitative and qualitative analyses can provide very objective evidences for reflecting true voices from field government officials. For strong impact and effectiveness to society, the current final policy note has summarized questionnaire survey results from 50 government officials in Cairo. Furthermore, interview results and open-end qualitative comments were also analyzed. From previous assessment report, the authors came to know that many of e-government foundation projects (mostly 3-5 year’s preparation) are on their ways through Ministry of Planning and Administrative Reform (MoPAR). G2G bus structure, data center with cooperation with Ministry of Defense, etc. are on right track for e-government deployment for all Egypt. For this reason, the current policy note will be more focusing on smart city 10 services for Cairo governorate – more local government initiative and more with quick-win items. Based on these premises, the following framework will be deployed for more visual implications for formulating smart city priority services.
Analysis Framework for Policy Note The following Inputs are the evidences for identifying smart city priority. • Korea’s smart city cases benchmarking • Interviews with Governorate and District offices • Expert opinions from World Bank Group • Expert opinions from KLID • Questionnaire Survey Analysis Results • Qualitative comments from government officials Distinction between e-government and smart city should be well noted at the first part of the current policy note because without a clear delineation of the two concepts, the core story of current policy note may not be clearly understandable. The following diagram tells about 11 the two concepts with respect to major characters: Data, Process, and Architecture perspective.
Conceptual difference between e-government and smart city solutions E-government is digitized online public services based on national citizen data - only government has the data under highly secured system such as data management regarding National ID, Passport, Tax, Finance, Pension, Insurance, etc. Whereas Smart City solutions are designed for solving problems in city life by unanimous SOC data with open architecture and API - easily expanded to another city such as traffic data, transportation payment, air quality, water quality, CCTV videos, etc. 1.2 Cairo Mission Overview Based on the strategy framework and action plan, KLID-World Bank Cairo mission was with diverse interviews and gathering expert opinions from various stakeholders such as Cairo Governor, Ministry of Planning, and Monitoring and Administrative Reform, Ministry of Local Development, Heliopolis district, Salem district, etc. 1.3 Interview findings from stakeholders 12 The Ministry of Planning, Monitoring and Administrative Reform’s (MOPMAR), its vision is to develop and give technical support for information systems of the institution. The role of the Ministry is analyzing, designing, implementing, evaluating, documenting and maintaining all automatized processes that operate in each administrative, financial and operational unit of the institution, as well as guarantee well-functioning of these processes at national level. The Ministry's main functions are: 1) administrating efficiently the operation of the database in diverse information systems in order to guarantee the integrity of the systems, under the agreed definition, design, maintenance and security of shared information, 2) adapting the current systems to the necessities of the different departments and units, and training the public officials in different applications developed for each specific area, 3) developing, implementing and administrating communication network infrastructure of the institution and related services, 4) supporting and maintaining the computer equipment, connectivity and basic information resources in the best conditions, which guarantee better execution of the administrative and operative functions of different units 5) and investigating and implementing the recent innovations in web technologies and multimedia. MOPMAR helps all units of the ministries so that it can analyze feasibility of manual, mechanized or electronic systems to produce the information and set up alternatives of solution. And it provides technical support to automatized systems and IT equipment, and in the same way, it develops and maintains programs for processing of the information and decision making. 13
Interview of MOPMAR
Small Discussion with MoPMAR The MoPMAR acquired server infrastructure under the concept of virtualization or cloud computer in order to continue the services such as public data sharing, publication on website, backup and technical support systems, and platform of Cooperation Management and Performance Management. One of the major achievements is process management such as data sharing system G2G Service Bus and IT technical support. The current projects are implementation of G2G Service Bus, digital document, electronic signature, and reinforcement of the private cloud of data center to meet the increasing necessities of the 14 new entities of MoPMAR. According to the employees of MoPMAR, the key success factors in implementing e- Government service are: 1) enhancing the education level of Egypt, 2) access to internet service, 3) political willpower, 4) promoting ICT industry, and 5) establishing ICT laws, norms and initiatives. In addition, they gave an opinion on direction of ICT and e-Government saying that ICT and e-government are fundamental link to competitiveness of the nation and development. They expect ICT would be utilized through applications for mobile devices because of its popularity and easy access that permit an opportune feedback for decision making. Despite the above success factors there are also challenges in implementing e- Government service in the country, such as lack of ICT budget, lack of social infrastructure, and lack of laws and norms. Lastly, they hope this project would be a guide for the action or directions to improve services for citizen, provide guideline to protect the information in different public entities, and provide a legal framework for training and continuing of IT personal. Moreover, the concern of Ministry's employees is that this project would be failed or simply stay just in paper. 1.3.1 Central Ministries The Ministry of Local Development (MoLD) was established in 1999 (with the decree by a decision of the Presidency of the Republic) and aims to foster the local Governorates and safe- guard sustainable growth and development in all localities in Egypt. 15
Interview with the Minister of MoLD
Strategic Meeting for Cooperation The mission of Ministry of Local Development is planning, managing, regulating and implementing projects and programs of Local infrastructure, transport and housing in order to contribute a comprehensive socio-economic development of the population and optimizing government resources allocated efficiently, effectively and transparently. Ministry of Local Development aims to be the leading institution to encourage and promote public and private investment for the development and modernization of local infrastructure, transport and housing of the country in a coordinated and committed manner to responding the needs of society. 16 The Ministry gives high priority to connecting local areas in 2018, but it is also important to keep balance among road, water, communication and other public infrastructure and services. For ICT and e-Government, it focuses on organizing centralized ICT unit within the ministry after government reformed in 2017. There are two major ICT projects that's started in year 2017: improvement and integration of current transportation system with the key feature of enhancing security system and Development of monitoring infrastructure to increase transparency of budget appropriations. The Ministry recently finished developing curriculum of basic skills for ICT unit and end users. It's a plan to implement within the Ministry in year 2018, and then expands to other Ministries in few years. There is no separate and independent budget for ICT and/or e- Government within the Ministry and because of that small projects for ICT and e-Government including electronic equipment are financed by World Bank projects. The Ministry identifies some key success factors for e-Government implementation such as access of ICT in rural areas, promotion of ICT industry and awareness of ICT benefits by both the citizens and government officers. The major challenges in the Ministry regardless of ICT and e-Government development are lack of skilled human resources like lack of adequate number of resources and IT skills, knowledge and experience of some resources and inadequate ICT facilities such as ICT facilities’ location is not properly selected and there is lack of essential conditions such as small size of ministry, etc. The Ministry suggests that infrastructure development should get emphasis in national direction of ICT and e-Government. The Ministry also emphasizes that it is important to identify and engage resources from institutions and it is required to establish one institution to coordinate all ICT and e-Government projects within the government. There is also the concern by political leadership regarding implementation of ICT and e-Government in order to solve the barriers on the traditional and bureaucratic ways. For administrative purposes, Egypt is divided into twenty-seven governorates. Egyptian governorates are the top tier of the country's jurisdiction hierarchy. A governorate is 17 administered by a governor, who is appointed by the President of Egypt and serves at the president's discretion. Most governorates have a population density of more than one thousand per km², while the three largest have a population density of less than two per km². 1.3.2 Cairo Governorate and Districts Cairo is the capital of Egypt and is one of the largest cities in the world as well as the largest in Africa. Because present-day Cairo is located near the Nile River, the history of the city is started from the 4th century. Cairo is known as being a very densely populated city and being the center of Egypt's culture and politics. It is also located near some of the most famous remnants of Ancient Egypt like the Pyramids of Giza. As of 2006 Cairo's population density was 44,522 people per square mile (17,190 people per square(hereinafter ‘sq’) km). This makes it one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Cairo suffers from traffic and high levels of air and water pollution. However, its metro is one of the busiest in the world and it is the only one in Africa. Cairo is located in the northern part of Egypt about 100 miles (165 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. It is also about 75 miles (120 km) from the Suez Canal. Cairo is also located along the Nile River and the city's total area is 175 square miles (453 sq km). Its metropolitan area, which includes nearby satellite cities, extends to 33,347 square miles (86,369 sq km). Cairo is the economic center of Egypt and much of the Egypt's industrial products are either created in the city or pass through it on the Nile River. Despite its economic success, its rapid growth has meant that city services and infrastructure cannot keep up with demand. As a result, many of the buildings and roads in Cairo are very new. Nowadays, Cairo is also the center of the Egyptian education system and there are a large number of universities in or near the city. Some of the largest are Cairo University, the American University in Cairo and Ain Shams University. Because the Nile, like all rivers, has shifted its path over the years, there are parts of the city that are very close to the water, while others are farther away. Those closest to the river are Garden City, Downtown Cairo and Zamalek. In addition, prior to the 18 19th century, Cairo was highly susceptible to annual flooding. At that time, dams and levees were constructed to protect the city. Today the Nile is shifting westward and portions of the city are actually getting farther from the river. Cairo Governorate is the most populated of the governorates of Egypt. Its capital, the city of Cairo, is the national capital of Egypt, and is part of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area. Because it is completely urbanized, the governorate is considered a city proper, and functions as a municipality. However, there are uninhabited desert areas. In Egypt, the government tries to reduce the bureaucracy every year, but the level of satisfaction with the citizen service is not so high, and it is necessary to reform administrative bureaucracy and develop efficient civil service.
Interview with Cairo Governorate In order to achieve the core tasks which will be seen at the end of the project, the roadmap for e-government and smart city services will be effect to 1) creating jobs through investment incentives in Cairo, 2) economic reforms for promoting development and 3) accelerating participation in private sector economic activities. Heliopolis Heliopolis was major city of the 13th or Heliopolis Nome of Lower Egypt and a major religious center. It is now located in Ayn Shams, a northeastern suburb of Cairo. Heliopolis was 19 one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, occupied since Pre-Dynastic Period. Unlike other parts of Cairo, the district of Heliopolis was in civil service in a somewhat refurbished environment and had a nice center building.
Visit Heliopolis district office
Visit Heliopolis Citizen Service Center However, without integrated administrative information systems, citizens must visit administrative agencies such as citizen service center, health office and post office for administrative tasks. Although everyone knows the importance of sharing public data related 20 with residents by ministries, citizens are becoming increasingly uncomfortable in the repeated structure by ministries. Salem Salem is the first city to introduce the Citizen Service Center in Cairo. The CSC is placed one of the district offices, and as many of the documents required by the administrative bodies of Egypt, many citizens are visited for civil affairs.
Visit Salem district office
Visit Salem Citizen Service Center 21 The Egyptian CSC was somewhat different from the Korean resident center. The resident center in Korea has been computerized, and it has been easy to handle complaints by sharing the resident's data between the administrative agencies through the information sharing system. However, the CSC officers in Egypt doing administrative work and collect all the transactions by list and report to the ministries. In addition, the income generated through the issuance of civil registration was only sold in cash, and the person in charge visited the near bank office directly after the administrative processing was completed on same day. It was necessary to develop an electronic civil complaint system that can provide information on civil affairs for providing civil service and apply for and read online complaints. 2. Questionnaire Survey Results 2.1 Smart City Service Survey Overview The survey was done with 50 respondents from Egypt central government, local districts, and governorates. The purpose of the preliminary questionnaire survey is complementary to focused group interviews. Quantitative survey can be a complementary method to qualitative research in a sense that it could make it easier to build themes and categories of constructs especially doing exploratory studies (Paton, 2002). Survey items were developed based on the smart city services done in Korea. Smart city services can be defined and designed without limits. However, one of important drivers of the current study is service doability. For this reason, actual smart city services which are now serviced in Korea were only asked. Imaginary services and/or wish-list services as of today are not asked (i.e., robots are replacing human beings in every society, etc.) because the current project would like to find quick-win project areas to transform Cairo in terms of smart city services. The categories of the smart city services are twelve areas which are described in the following table. The respondents were asked to identify to what extent the services are in priority by the 5-point likelihood scale. Furthermore, there were open-end questions in 22 which respondents are freely stating their opinions regarding smart city services. [Table 1] Survey Items and Services Smart Service Areas Service Example 1 Welfare • Welfare portal service • Citizen Welfare service • Elderly Citizen Welfare Service • Support for mid-senior age • Welfare for the disabled • Self-help support 2 Traffic • Walking distance service • Bicycle Traffic Map service • Public bicycle with Mobile phone access • Metropolitan area integrated transfer discount • Late bus line (after midnight) • Finding Lost Property in Public Transportation • Disabled Call Taxi service • Transportation Card System service • Traffic Impact Assessment • Parking Information System • Violation of state regulations • Congestion toll payment • Car sharing system 3 Female/Women Support • Workplace Support Centers • Women's Emergency telephone 1366 • Women's security delivery service • Childcare portal service • Childcare Support Center • Child welfare center • Single Parent Family Support Center • Multi-cultural information • Foreign Support Facilities 4 Economy/Business Support • Corporate Support Center • Support for minorities • City Founding Hub • City Digital Foundation • City Global Business Center • Start-up Support Net • Agricultural Technology Center • City job cafe 23 • Free technical training 5 Safety • City Safety Guideline 6 Housing • Traditional Housing Portal • Housing welfare support center • Youth residence status • City Reproduction Portal • City Planning Portal • Real estate information plaza • Property information inquiry • Smart City Development Project • Building fast administrative services 7 Environment • Sunlight map • Building Energy Management System • Air Pollution Information Provision of a city • Electricity Consumption Status Information Provision 8 Culture & Tourism • Cultural event information • Visit City Tour • Walking tour reservation • Excellent Public Design Certification System 9 Healthcare • City Hospital Information • Institution participating in nighttime holiday medical treatment • Citizen Health Portal • Create a non-smoking city • Prevention of dementia • Postpartum care center fee disclosure • Prevention of defective food • Improvement of eating habits • Hygiene management at restaurants • Animal registration system • Result of radioactive contamination test • Health environment Info-graphics 10 Construction • Construction Information News • Construction Q&A • Construction Technology Review System • Post-evaluation of new technology • Construction technology utilization review system 11 Tax • Financial Portal • City budget at a glance • Budget information by year of a city • Local public corporation management information 24 • Accounting information • Tax payment • Bids and contracts 12 General Administration • Citizen online discussion • Online poll • Road name address guidance system • Report of Public Officers Misconduct • Citizen Audit Ombudsman Committee • Lifetime learning portal (e-learning) • Love PC (free used PC provision project to citizens) • Open data square The 50 respondents are from diverse government organizations and the names of the organizations are described in the
.
Questionnaire Survey Respondents’ Organizations The respondents are mostly from mid-level action managers. The authors think that they are appropriate respondents for preliminary questionnaire survey in a sense that they had 25 ample government administrations experiences and can easily identify smart public services in priority. 2.2 Analysis Results Based on the questionnaire survey, respondents were answered that ①healthcare service is most priority smart city service in Cairo followed by ②Security/Safety, ③Housing, and ④Environment, ⑤Traffic/Transportation in [Table 2]. For these 5 areas, further post- hoc analyses were made for exploring some relevant findings. Finally, these areas will be also associated with quick-win, mid-term, and long-term project perspective. Most important aspect of the current report is ①to identify smart services in priority for Cairo and ②how to implement in a quick-win perspective to enhance citizen welfare as well as sustainability of the services. Furthermore, ③best estimation of budgets and labor expenses will be also important for planning quick-win projects. [Table 2] Survey Results for Smart Service Areas in Priority Responses N Percent Percent of Cases Rank_sum Welfare 27 9.3% 55.1% Traffic/Transportation 29 10.0% 59.2% Female/Woman Help 24 8.2% 49.0% Economy/Business Support 14 4.8% 28.6% Safety 37 12.7% 75.5% Housing 33 11.3% 67.3% Environment 30 10.3% 61.2% Culture & Tourism 21 7.2% 42.9% Healthcare 47 16.2% 95.9% Construction 15 5.2% 30.6% Tax 3 1.0% 6.1% General Administration 11 3.8% 22.4% 2.2.1 Healthcare Smart Services Healthcare Smart Service is overall rated as the highest priority area for implementing smart services in Cairo. In a close look, Emergency Hospital Information Services and City 26 Hospital Information Service, Citizen Health Portal, and Prevention of defective food poisoning showed higher priority. However, citizen health portal using smart devices can be somewhat a long-term goal associated with smart ICT devices and level of literacy, above mentioned healthcare services are not thought to be quick-win projects. Unlike Korea’s smart healthcare services, for instance, animal registration and postpartum care price services are analyzed not to be priority areas in Cairo. Based on these research results and successive interviews with government personnel, the authors came to aware that overall capacity of healthcare service including main healthcare service, emergency unit, inpatient/outpatient, doctors, nurses, ICU, etc. is more important than just ICT based smart services. Indeed, smart services are supporting main healthcare services and capacity in more efficient and effective way; unless main healthcare capacity is set up, smart services cannot be the main. For this reason, more fundamental healthcare capacity building of Cairo healthcare service people with hospital information system is suggested in the current project. Healthcare Smart Services Animal Registration System Service Citizen Health Portal City Hospital Information Service Dementia Protection Service Emergency Hospital Information Service Health Information Graphic Service Hygenic Regulation and Management of… Improvement of Eating Habits Non-smoking City Regulation Support Postpartum Care Center Price Disclosure… Prevention of Defective Food Poisoning Radioactive Contamination Test Service 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Standardized Score of Healthcare Smart Services 27 2.2.2 Safety/Security Smart Services Safety/Security service is also investigated as a priority area for Cairo smart city (t=76.527, p=0.000) shown in the table below. City safety services including CCTV’s and smart solutions can be quick-win projects. [Table 3] Safety/Security Smart Services t-Test for Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper City Safety/Security 76.527 45 .000 4.891 4.76 5.02 Safety/Security smart services can be diverse especially with IoT (Internet of Things) technology. Integrated security center of Korea’s case will be suggested with action plans in the latter part of the current report. 2.2.3 Housing and Environment Smart Services Cairo government personnel would like to have a prompt housing administration support as well as property information inquiry service. Interestingly, sun movement information which is critical to building construction conditional check-up in Korea and air pollution information had been identified relatively low in Cairo government people. Electricity Consumption Status Information Air Pollution Information Provision Building Energy Management System Information' Map service of Solar Movement Z-score Fast Administration Support Advisory Smart City Development Project Support Property Information Inquiry Service Real Estate Information Portal City Planning Information Portal -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Standardized Score of Housing and Environment Smart Services 28 However, as seen in Healthcare services, housing can be long term goals associated with construction of buildings not mainly associated with ICT based smart services. Environment can utilize the function of ICT in smart cities regarding air pollution, water pollution, as well as waste management. For this reason, the current report suggests ICT based waste management services as a quick-win recommendation. 2.2.4 Transportation Smart Services Transportation Smart Services are on the average also rated highly for priority. Out of 13 traffic related smart city services now operated in Korea, top 3 services are identified as follows: (1) Call Taxi Services for Disabled People, (2) Night Bus Line, (3) Lost and Findings in Public Transportation. Z-score -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Car Sharing System Toll Collection System Traffic Violation Regulation Parking Infromation System Traffic Impact Assessment Service Transportation Payment Card System Call Taxi Service for Disabled People Lost and Findings in Public Transportation Night Bus Line Service Integrated Transfer Discount Service Public Bike Rental System Bicycle Traffic Map Service Walking Distance Information Support
Standardized Score of Traffic/Transportation Smart Services Out of those three high priority-traffic/transportation smart city services, call tax service for disability people, night bus line are included in quick-win project lists. Lost and Findings in Public Transportation can be easily implemented in Public Website. Furthermore, additional 29 traffic/transportation smart city services such as traffic flow redesign and simulation, touch less payment card system for public transportation will be also included. Two traffic services are foundational services for smart traffic in a city. 2.3 Summary of Survey and Interview results The preliminary questionnaire survey was suggesting somewhat objective findings for priority smart city services in Cairo. Since the preliminary survey sample size of the respondents are not fully supporting confirmatory results of the survey items, the current paper also employed a focused group interview as well as open end questions regarding the respondents’ opinion for smart city service priority. The following table includes comments of open-end questions regarding smart city services in Cairo. These open end questions may be increasing flexibility of respondents as well as complementary to quantitative survey. A number of important issues were identified; First off is illiteracy. The illiteracy rate in Egypt is very high depends on regions. Illiteracy can bar any smart city services indeed. Furthermore, smart phone based services also cannot be effective because smart phone penetration rate is relatively low compared to OECD countries. For this reason, some of respondents commented that any services introduced should be advertised in Satellite TV or outside offline banner. These days, many of advertisements are going online so that there are many people only looking and searching at information portals such as in Google, etc. For instance, if Cairo government would deploy smart city services, the newly deployed services should be advertised in the traditional media channels. [Table 4] Comments from Respondents Categorized by 12 service areas Categories Comments Female/ • We need more supportive centers, and more info about the women help health services and their places. • Electronic portal that help women work and generate income from home. • I agree on creating a system to support the Arabs the foreigners. • We should have special services for violated women. 30 Safety/Security • Increase the number of cameras in the streets. • The quick responsiveness to the Citizens problems and find solutions for them. • Add cameras to supervise crimes in the streets • The safety guideline is very important to know how to deal with crimes and emergencies, and it should also be shared on the TV (best way to access biggest number of people) • We must use the media to spread the safety information. • it should be spread online and on social networks • One of the most important aspects Environment • Have call center system on the phone where you can follow up your consumption of water, electricity and gaz. • Awareness campaign on the clean energy and how to use it, its procedures and infrastructure • The importance of using clean energy (sun) instead of Electricity • Spread the environmental culture • We need to increase the green areas in the city and take care of its maintenance • More investment should target the clean Energy, specially “the sun” Welfare • All the above-mentioned services in these sectors are urgently needed in the slums areas, since the living circumstances are very bad and they need the support of the government to decrease the inequality between them and all the other areas. • It is very important to make available all the info related to homeless persons; and the places where they can go to seek help. • We need more social services for the citizens. • For the old aged people, is better to make one place where they can get all their needed services, instead of having to go from one place to another. This is more suitable for them than having an electronic portal, since most of them are illiterate technologically. • Make available the suitable media tool, so that each group of beneficiaries can access it and know the available services for them. • the importance of the special care for homeless people and the importance of building places to host them • Use the TV for the publicity for different welfare programs, cause it’s more spread and easier to send the information 31 • Some of the above-mentioned services are available in Egypt, however their effect is very limited and they need a lot of improvement, one of the needed area of improvement is to make the info available online. • We have many social services, but we need to include them in an electronic way. • We must have a basis and unified data based with all the information of the citizens • The old people are not good in dealing with technology, so the electronic portal won’t help a lot. Same for the homeless people, most of them can’t read and write so we should reach them with other tools. • There a huge need to spread and make available the info for the homeless people. • All the mentioned services are available but not electronically, the problem with the E-services is the need of advances devices in order to use them, which are not available in Egypt with all the social classes. • More care should be dedicated to handicaps and old aged people. • Most of these services are available in Egypt, but each is affiliated to different entities, which is very difficult for the citizens. It will be great if all of them can be gathering in one portal, for example the prime ministry portal, so that the citizen can access whatever is needed. • The problem with the electronic portal for old aged people is the bid number of illiterate persons, specially the electronic illiteracy, so it will be hard to use it. • Make the mentioned services available in public places with internet with good speed, where the citizens can access all of them easily. • Media advertising campaign to inform the citizens about the places that can host the homeless people. • It’s very important to have a one stop shop, where the citizen can get all the needed services. Already the procedures are very complicated, the one stop shop will make everything easier for all the citizens, specially the old aged and the handicaps. • This can be spread through social media, and with some 32 signboards in youth centers, schools and universities. • It will be more effective to TV advertising campaign rather than E-Portal because of the high illiteracy rate. Traffic & • The congestion toll and the transportation cards will be very Transportation useful in improving the traffic services. • We need an electronic system to help renewing the driving and cars licenses. And so an electronic system that help registering the traffic violations and have a severe punishment system. • To add more lines in the underground will have a very positive effect on the traffic. • The transportation card and carpooling will be very successful whenever they are implemented. • For the car-pooling program, we recommend creating a system affiliated to the governorate to be safer. • We need to have electronic signs that work continually with periodic maintenance • Lots of preparations in the streets and the infrastructure should be done before starting the Smart services • Special lanes must be dedicated to handicaps. • The availability of parking lots and transportation cars are a must to improve the traffic • The car-pooling is a great idea, and it will be safer if it’s affiliated to the government and under its supervision. • Awareness through media. Culture • An electronic portal with all the monuments, their schedule, the fees, the transportation, in a simple clear way would be very helpful. • Spread all the needed info through TV Housing • organizing awareness campaigns for the new residents on how to deal with the new houses, and do frequent maintenance • Housing: we need more housing services to help people with limited income • The maintenance of the houses is very important. Economy and • Business center to foster global industry is very important since business we are knowing well for globalism. support • The online technical training course is also very important and it will help a lot of young people • We need to have clear advertising in known offices. 33 • There is no system for publicity for the available jobs • The governorate must create a system to spread info about the jobs for young people. • Create a network that can help the responsible see the distribution of employees in different places, since we can find places very crowded with unneeded employees, and others where there are very few. Healthcare • This is the most important sector and it needs more care. • They need to be improved • Data files with all the health details of all the family members would be very useful and will help a lot improve the bureaucratic part of the health services which causes a lot of delay. • We need health services in the late time at night; it is one of our biggest problems here. • We need to have health services in all the hospitals especially in rural areas + we need awareness campaigns on how to take care of one’s health. • In some hospitals there are no specialized doctors, just some for the reception only • A need for monitoring systems on the hospital to improve the health care services. • To improve the health services, a good system for monitoring in hospital is a must. Taxes • I think it’s very hard to implement those services in our country currently. General • The capacity building of the employees who will be serving the E- comments services is very important, the government should care about improving the work conditions and salaries for those employees and this will be reflected on the service quality. • The importance of creating a big database connecting all the districts and ministries. • The “one-stop-shop’ idea is great and it will help the citizens a lot. • All the services mentioned in this questionnaire are much needed. • There are no enough employees in the districts and no integrated citizen service center in any of the districts. • The health and education are the 2 most important sectors and they need more investment. 34 • I suggest forming committees or entities to re-evaluate ach department on the central and local level, to study the number of employees, their qualifications, their age, and make sure everyone is on the right place. • The qualifications of the employees are very low especially on the local level. • Regarding the Electronic communication, I really wish to see all the paper work disappear and have a fully automated system. • And finally I’m very pro the technology and I hope one day we will be transformed to a smart electronic country like South Korea. • We need to invest a lot in the services improvement in general and to fight the corruption. • The need of a huge data-base gathering all the data in all the governmental entities. • If we could really do all the connections, the services will be more effective and quick. • No availability of employees with good experience in the districts, there are no Integrated Citizen service centers that are linked to other departments. • I totally agree on the ICSC idea, but we should have a preparation phase, in which we do the following: Capacity Building for the employees, make sure there a sufficient number of employees, have the needed devices, have a strong quick internet, have the big database that is connecting all the entities. • All the services mentioned in the survey are very important and needed. • More employees are needed in the citizens’ service centers, there is a need for capacity building for the employees. • The employees number serving the citizens is very limited, one of the main reason for that is the bad work circumstances. • The survey didn’t mention anything about the education; I personally think it’s one of the most important sectors. Without it we will not be able to transform into E-government or smart services. • Implement the one stop shop system • Nothing related to the Education was mentioned in the questionnaire, and it’s one of the most important sectors 35 • You didn’t mention anything about non- monitory support for the persons with low income, and it’s very important also. • We need to have a quick and strong internet in order to implement all those services. • The electronic services and the smart cities are like a dream for us. To reach them we need awareness, devices and a good infrastructure. • In the education sector where I work with did lots of improvement in the services and we are starting to have some electronic and all this with very limited resources. • If all those services will be automated, we must first have a strong quick internet so we can access them. • It’s very important to include the Education in the Electronic services • The availability of strong and quick internet is a must in order to be able to use any of those services + awareness campaign to tell the citizens about the different services. • We should first start by building a unified data base, and with awareness campaigns to help the citizens understand and deal with the electronic portals and smart services. • Nothing was mentioned about the supply sector, and it’s one of the most important sectors. • The key point of this entire questionnaire is the unified database. • We need to have the electronic services in the Education Sector. [Table 5] The list of Top 10 Quick-Win Projects from Survey, Interview, and Expert Opinions Main Category ID Quick-win project List Healthcare 1 Capacity Building for Healthcare Services with Hospital Information System Security/Safety 2 Integrated Smart CCTV System Design and Pilot Implementation Environment 3 Solid Waste Management Design and Pilot Project 4 Emission Test System and Database for Vehicles Transportation/ 5 Redesign Cairo Traffic Flow and Public Transportation Traffic 6 T-Money Card (Transportation Payment Card) 7 Call Taxi Service for Disabled People Education 8 E-learning Systems against Illiteracy in Local Areas Smart City 9 Cloud Based Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) Infrastructure 10 Citizen Service Center Innovation (One-Stop Service) - 1st Phase 36
Selection of Smart City Services for Cairo Governorate As mentioned in the previous chapters, ①quantitative questionnaire survey, ②qualitative open end questions, and ③expert opinions and benchmarking from Korea’s smart city case are all into consideration to identify quick-win projects in Cairo. The list of quick-win projects is summarized in [Table 5]. From the comments of government officials, education and smart city infrastructure is added to the items from questionnaire survey priority. 37 3. Action Plans of Top 10 Quick-Win Services for Smart Cairo Transition 3.1 Capacity Building for Healthcare Services with Hospital Information System (HIS) If the Government of Egypt wants integrated public medical services, it would be a big project with diverse stakeholders because the hospitals and medical supplies in Egypt had been implemented by different ministries such as ministry of health, military, private, etc. Also, the medical information systems in those hospitals had been implemented individually – based on diverse technology standards. For this reason, it is hard to collect the medical information from those hospitals with a unified standard and process due to the lack of integrated business processes. Therefore, it is required to integrate the medical information systems and to improve the integrated business process. Moreover, even more important factor to enhance the level of healthcare level at Egypt is the capacity of medical personnel including doctors and nurses as with the support by HIS (Hospital Information System). Due to the insufficient human resources and experiences, the Government of Egypt needs quality level of education, training and capacity building based on the advanced medical information system. For this objective, the current report strongly recommends capacity building program for healthcare services in Egypt with the support of HIS/EMR/PACS in pilot government/private hospitals. The result of survey analysis indicates that the Egypt needs integration of medical information systems and to implement integrated public medical information center for the goal of Improvement of Accessibility of Health and Medical Services. Capacity of doctors and nurses as well as hospital operation needs capacity building and Korea is one of great countries to start cooperation. For this, general hospital (more than 300 beds) for pilot capacity building and HIS project implementation is recommended with partnership with the major hospitals in Korea. In accordance with the result of analysis, the future model of integrated public medical information center is established by reflecting the current status of public health and medical services and informatization in Egypt. Many countries around the world are under threat on the continuity of public health and medical system due to the skyrocketing medical fees and plummeting medical quality. Medical informatization is the important foundation that can solve this problem and the 38 measure that can support the successful execution of various medical policies. That is, the sharing of electronic medical information provides the mechanism to secure the continuity of medical treatment between medical staffs and patients and to achieve the principle of right information at the right time. Through HIS, people can achieve proper treatment and diagnosis by utilizing the past medical information and reduce the medical expenses by reducing duplicated examinations and medications. Along with this, HIS can be developed and utilized actively for chronic patients so that chronic patients can adjust their overall treatment schedule and receive various services from clinical experts. The medical information from HIS is offered between medical staffs within the same medical institution, medical staffs of other medical institutions and patients to prevent the accidents caused by lack of information. The basic goal of Healthcare Information System is to provide accurate and right information through right means or method at the right time to right medical staffs and patients. The following is the goals to be achieved by patients, medical staff and policy makers.  To enhance convenience and safety of medical services.  To enhance the quality of medical service of medical staffs  To provide the best information for decision-making of public health and medical policies. Especially it helps to establish the national management system for major diseases in order to support health management system according to the health environment and behavioral change. Also it helps to prepare the foundation for the safe and effective exchange of medical video information and provide the basic infrastructure for the exchange with video diagnosis information system expected to be built by the government and construction of national and local systems.  Sheik Khalifa Specialty Hospital (SKSH), UAE Case with Seoul National University 39 Hospital (SNUH) can be a benchmarking case for Cairo healthcare capacity building.
SNUH-SKSH Cooperation • SNUH will be in charge of the overall management of the hospital, including providing medical services to SKSH, training service for its medical staffs, and operating its hospital information system. • 7 million USD annual operation fee for 5 years • Out of approximately 1,420 special medical staffs needed for SKSH, 15-20% will be selected from Korean medical staffs, including those at SNUH, and the rest will be recruited from the local community.  Korean Government Strategy Since the Government of Korea has adopted the National Health Insurance System in 1977, 40 the public health system has improved through the expansion of the infrastructure for public health services and the health insurance system. After the year of 2000, the base form of the national health system has been completed through the adoption of the system for the separation of pharmacy and clinic, and the operation of the integrated health insurance system. The Government of Korea has established three main political goals in the medical service industry such as ‘Guidance of the technology innovation of the industry regarding the medical service’, ‘Improvement of the adverse trade balance of the medical service through the aggressive hosting the foreign patients’, and ‘Implementation of the medical system which supplies medical services of the high quality efficiently’ along with the completion of the base form of the national health system. The specific goal under the goal of implementation of the medical system which supplies medical services of the high quality efficiently are the quality of the result of medical examination and treatment, the quality of the services excluding medical services, the reduction of misdiagnosis, etc. As a result of the above efforts, the citizens of Korea are able to get medical services of the high quality through the adoption of medical information system such as CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System), OCS (Order Communication System), PACS (Picture Archiving Communications System) and EMR (Electronic Medical Record) for the provision of the equal medical services. There were many cases of misdiagnosis and reexamination due the medical records did not exist or were not opened to the public before the introduction of the medical information system. There were also many damages in regardless of the use of the hand-written prescription such as mistake of medication because the hand-written prescription is difficult to interpretation. In fact, the rate of attacks by the adverse reaction of a medicine was about 9.6% in 2005. In addition, the cost for medical services has grown up in accordance with the increase of the elderly people. The hospitals and other relevant organizations should share the information regarding personal health and medical records to utilize the medical information system efficiently. The Government of Korea has enacted the ‘Act for Health and Medical Information Protection and Its Management’ and ‘Regulation for Protection of Personal Health and Medical Information’ in accordance with the use of the medical information system. The clauses such 41 as the check of personal medical records, sharing of the medical records between the medical record generation organizations, the protection of the medical record and its provision and collection, the guideline for protection of the medical record, the management of the electronic medical records, the limitation of the electronic medical records to be opened, etc. are included in the act and the regulation. The informatization of public medical services in Korea has introduced to secure the convenience and efficiency of the use of medical services with the high quality to the citizens through the completion of the national EHR (Electronic Health Record) system. It has been started with the implementation of infrastructures such as the development of the national standard, the establishment of the information architecture, the enactment of the laws and regulations, the development of the common technologies, etc. The following three technology solutions will be the main drivers of digital hospital these days: EMR, HIS, and PACS.  EMR (Electronic Medical Record) EMR (Electronic Medical Record) refers to a medical information system in which all medical information is recorded electronically without any correction. It replaces the traditional paper-dependent medical recording with the help of information technology. In EMR, medical information - including health conditions, medical history, diagnosis results, medical interviews, statements, prescription & treatment, drug responses, hospitalization/ discharge records, etc. - is recorded electronically. 42
EMR (Electronic Medical Record) Structure *Image source: EZcaretec  HIS (Hospital Information System) HIS (Hospital Information System) is a medical information system that improves hospital work efficiency and patients’ satisfaction with hospital services by computerizing all hospital information, including medical, administrative and ordinary ones. HIS is classified into Medical Administration System (MAS) and Medical Information Supply System (MISS). Recently, introduction of OCS (Order Communication System) for transferring medical DB and prescriptions to the corresponding department is expanding with workflow engine and XML. With this, all work information including patient acceptance, medical treatment, examination and receipt can be shared in each department for more efficient management of all administrative works in hospital. 43
HIS (Hospital Information System) Functionalities *Image source: EZcaretec  PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) PACS, or picture archiving and communication system, is a medical imaging technology used for storing, retrieving, presenting and sharing images produced by various medical hardware modalities, such as X-ray, CT scan, MRI and ultrasound machines.  The SNU Bundang Hospital Case The SNU Bundang Hospital is located in Gyeonggi-Do, Sung Nam City, Bundang-gu, Gumi Dong 300 and the sickbeds number is 800 (http://www.snubh.org). And SNU hospital shared their knowledge with Hospitals in Saudi Arabia and many more, which can be one of best partners for Cairo Healthcare Service Enhancement. 44
SNU Bundang Hospital As an up-to-date digital hospital furnished with full digital systems, it began its first medical treatment service on May 10, 2003. In addition to providing services through 23 medical treatment departments, the hospital has upgraded the service quality by operating cooperative medical system where a patient can receive multi medical treatments in the special centers for specific diseases without having to move around. The centers include geriatrics center, cardiac center, cerebral nerve center, pulmonary center, articulation and health promotion center. [Table 6] Estimated Budget and Action Plans for Capacity Building Program with HIS Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD) Design and Development of System (including Establish analysis of the current system, labor costs) 2M Healthcare - 1 Specialist (PM), 5 Experts, 7 Developers 6.5M Information Purchase H/W and S/W (w/ labor costs) System - Router, Switch, Fire wall, Servers, Back-up 4M Servers, WAS (Web Application Server), DBMS 45 (Database Management System), Storage, networks, etc. For operation and pilot testing 0.5M System Training 20,000 - 2 times of system operating training Medical Training for Nursing Education and 150,000 - 30 Nurses (5,000 USD / person) Training 0.5M Benchmarking program (held in Korea) In Korea 300,000 (4 doctors, 4 nurses) *2 months*3 times Other Expenses 50,000 - Travel allowances and other expenses Total 7M Action Plans  Framework Arrangement of Healthcare Capacity Building Service by WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month)  MOU between SNU hospital and Cairo Hospital for overall capacity building program (Parallel 2 Months)  ISP Consulting for detailed spec and project scopes with RFP (3 months)  Selection of doctors and nurses and start Benchmarking Program in Korea (2month*3times) (parallel 6 Months)  Finishing of ISP with RFP and Procurement process done by WB (3 months)  System Design and Implementation (11 Months)  Operation stability (3 Months) Total 24 Months 3.2 Integrated Smart CCTV System Design and Pilot Implementation One of the key value propositions of ICT in a smart city is the ability to capture and share information in a timely manner. Cities in the world have different problems and security issue is among them. Traffic management is important for a city in order to facilitate mass and individual mobility. The city cannot solve the above problems without integrated security services. Cairo Governorate already has CCTV installed for traffic control but, it’s not used as integrated manner. Even if a city is well equipped to respond to a given situation, if the information is not provided and shared quickly specific problems, such as traffic congestion or utility outrages, may not be solved rapidly. If the information is provided in real-time and 46 accurately, cities can potentially take action before the problem begins to escalate. Therefore in order to use real time information for real time action there should be integrated security service for Cairo Governorate. Even though there is installed CCTV for traffic control in Cairo city, it doesn’t improve the current traffic situation of the city. Therefore, the primary objective of this project is to enable Cairo city to have integrated security service. By upgrading the installed CCTV for traffic control it also enables the city to manage the infrastructure and related issues timely basis. In another way the project will improve the quality of life by predicting specific events and incidents before it happened, and enabling citizens to be more informed about the situation, so they can make an educated decision as to the next course of action.
Incheon Smart City Control Center  Necessity and goal of Integration Security Service (CCTV) Design The main function of the Integration Security Service is to gather information on traffic, 47 weather, police and health services and to analyze these data to respond quickly to incidents in the city. In particular, it is important to ensure the safety of citizens in areas with landslide hazards through this system. In other words, a program was created to forecast weather and sand storms two days in advance, and the city governorate responded by arranging police, fire and rescue agent around the areas where problems are likely to occur. In addition, if there is a risk of sandstorm, the alarm can be set up to alert the user, and a risk notification message can be transmitted to the citizen’s mobile phone.
Integrated Security Functions (including traffic function) *Image source: Anyang U-Integrated Center Introduction  Security - Intelligent crime prevention system The suggested system uses Omni-directional cameras and directional cameras to minimize the scope of blind spots, protecting citizens from potential crimes from occurring. In particular, the city can secure clear images even at nights with its infrared light projectors. 48 The images thus acquired are sent to police simultaneously so that the police can act in a swift manner. At the same time, speakers and emergency bells are also installed on crime prevention poles so that in case of emergency, the citizens can communicate with Smart City Center.
Intelligent Street Pole *Image source: Anyang U-Integrated Center Introduction  Social safety net The suggested integrated system succeeded in unifying responsibilities with Police Stations and maintains close working relationship to jointly utilize CCTV of both institutions, especially in case of crimes including robbery and kidnapping. Thus, CCTV around crime scene is automatically linked to police station, precinct and patrol cars as well as providing CCTV footage to bring swift resolve. 49
Integrated Security Center with Police Function (Anyang City in Korea)  U-fire prevention, urban management - Integrated monitoring system (monitoring transport, mountain fire, river flood) By sharing CCTV information among relevant institutions, the control center can closely monitor forest fire in mountainous area surrounding Cairo city, manage recurrent flooding area and riverside parking lot surrounding Cairo. It can also secure traffic flow and prevent Incident through monitoring icy road status and snow fall during winter season.
Integrated Security Center Design (Anyang City in Korea) *Image source: Anyang U-Integrated Center Introduction  Shared monitoring (fire prevention, urban and facility management integration) All CCTV footage and related information collected through Cairo Smart City Center is shared in real-time to fire station, military unit, district office and 10 related organizations as 50 of 2015. Each organization's responsible departments and tasks and mutual coordination system is in place in case of emergencies.
Integrated Security with Police, Fire Station and Military (Anyang City in Korea) *Image source: Anyang U-Integrated Center Introduction The safety center will eventually integrate the function of traffic control and public transportation functions in the future.  Gangnam district CCTV status
Gangnam district CCTV Location Map 51 Gangnam district(39.55km²) is located in southern part of Seoul. CCTV map above shows the location of CCTVs. More than 1500 CCTVs are located in Gangnam district for citizen security and monitoring. Seoul city (601 km²) has more than 30,000 CCTVs.  Estimation of Budget and Action Plan The cost is assumed based on limited information, so it should be able to adjust according to entity’s requirements. [Table 7] Estimated Budget and Action Plans for Integrated Security Center and Service Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD) 1,000 FHD CCTV’s (CCTV and etc.) for all Cairo Governorate and local districts 1,000,000 100 Smart street lamp pole (pilot areas) Control Center System - Server, Big Data Analysis solutions, Network 5,000,000 Integrated devices and cable installation Security Video Management System 10M USD Service -Video info and DB management, Storage, 1,000,000 Center Controller Center Construction -Display Wall board system and integrated 2,000,000 control system include materials (include SW) Other costs 1,000,000 Total 10M USD Action Plans  Framework Arrangement of Integrated Security Center Project by WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month, may proceed in parallel)  ISP Consulting for detailed spec and project scopes with RFP (2 months)  Finishing of ISP with RFP and Procurement process done by WB (3 months)  System Design and Implementation (12 Months)  Operation stability (3 Months) Total 24 Months 52 3.3 Solid Waste Management Design and Pilot Project As urbanization increases rapidly in the world, waste increases faster than that of urbanization (WB, 2012). Cities are finding it difficult to segregate and use different kinds of waste which can potentially be brought back to consumer life cycle. Efficient management of waste helps to improve the quality of life of city residents since it is not only helps improve the environment life; leads to less health risks but also potentially have a positive economic impact on the city through recycling, reuse and intelligent disposal. Waste management typically includes monitoring, collection, transport, processing, recycling and disposal.
Sang-am Waste Recycling Facility *Image source: Seoul Metropolitan Government Waste processing system is the computerized system for solid waste management administration work. It implements pilot electronic transfer system to monitor waste corporate, cleaning corporate, and processing corporate. Currently Cairo City cannot make 53 active application of electronic transfer. It requires specific systemization for processing or different types of waste; with legal obligation placed for electronic transfer. Therefore systematic preparations need to be sufficiently reviewed after the 1st stage system construction before expanding the system; as well as realistic possibilities of electronic transfer succeeding in the Egypt environment. Implementation of electronic transfer pilot system in the 1st project will sufficiently deliver the efficacy and superiority of Korea's electronic transfer system and the actual implementation of electronic transfer in the future will lead to the export of waste management system in Korea.
Waste Management System 54
Sang-Am Waste Recycling Facility Control
Recycling Products made from bi-product of ashes and debris Solid waste management system needs initial investment and also needs even higher amount of operational costs. For this reason, the solid waste management facilities can be thought as long-term perspective of environmental decision. 55 [Table 8] Estimated Budget for Solid Waste Management Facility Pilot Project Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD)  Framework Arrangement of Integrated Traffic Flow Project by WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month, may Solid Waste proceed in parallel) Management  Design consulting of Facilities (3 Facility Months) 9.5M 15M (Construction  Construction (12 Months) Expense) * 20 Waste Ton/day capacity incinerator, input/output control, PRF (Processed Refuse Fuel), filters for SOx, NOx, HCI, etc.  10,000ton waste/year operation fees - Operation excluding electricity, heat, ashes 14M 7M Expenses byproduct generation income Total 22M Total 15 Months (construction) + operation (20 years) 3.4 Emission Test System and Database for Vehicles Due to fast growing cities, industrialization and population density, number of vehicles in Korea surged for over 45 years. Rapid economic growth and increased national income skyrocketed in that number of vehicles rose from 130,000 1970s to 22,000,000 as of 2016. This has resulted in serious air pollution by vehicle emission in metropolitan areas. Ministry of Environment has been checking regular and on occasion to control vehicle emission during past two decades. Ministry of Environment in Korea tried to push forward projects for reduced vehicle emission device and eco-friendly engine remodeling of diesel vehicles in 2004. Without computerization, however, there were difficulties in the project such as improper device 56 installation, illegal government subsidy, incorrect statistics data and budget planning problems. For these reasons, Ministry of Environment developed Vehicle emission integrated management system to contribute to well-organized system according to digitalization of public process and management of data. The government was struggling to improve air quality in metropolitan areas with existing vehicle emission test system and some projects to reduce car emission due to lack of computerization and integrated management system. It was difficult for the ministry to verify system management and analyze system effectiveness. Therefore, a consistent management system was required to control vehicle-related environment test, manage repair history of cars, handle with civil complaints regarding vehicle environment, etc. Vehicle emission integrated management system (so-called ‘MECAR’) has been introduced to satisfy several public needs; vehicle emission test from manufacturing to discarding, computerization of public process for post management, integrated data management and basic data on policy decision for protection of air environment, and substantial improvement and performance management for air quality in metropolitan areas.
Vehicle Testing System (MECAR) 57
Vehicle Testing Example There are laws, presidential decree, orders and ordinances which provide legal foundation to establish and operate vehicle emission integrated management system. The followings are lists of legal grounds for the system; • Clean air conservation act • Enforcement decree of the clean air conservation act • Enforcement rule of the clean air conservation act • Noise and vibration control act • Enforcement decree of the noise and vibration control act • Enforcement rule of the noise and vibration control act • Special act on the improvement of air quality in Seoul metropolitan area 58 • Enforcement decree of the Special act on the improvement of air quality in Seoul metropolitan area • Enforcement rule of the Special act on the improvement of air quality in Seoul metropolitan area • Environmental testing and inspection act • Framework act on low carbon, green growth • Enforcement decree of the Framework act on low carbon, green growth • Act on the allocation and trading of greenhouse-gas emission permits • Enforcement decree of the act on the allocation and trading of greenhouse-gas emission permits
Structure of Vehicle Emission Integrated Management System 59 [Table 9] Estimated Budget for Call Taxi for Disabled People Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD) 1 Pilot Areas for testing emission test and car inspection (5 bays design) Inspection devices and centralized control system (Powertrain, emission test, vehicle Call Taxi for body, lamps, windows, etc.) Disabled Cloud based Teleco’s data centers 5M 5M USD People outsourcing Penalty issuance and payment options with banks Integration of Car ownership/Driver’s licenses/plate number/vehicle registration/ Personal information (Optional) Total 5M USD Action Plans  Framework Arrangement with WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month, may proceed in parallel)  ISP Consulting with RFP and Procurement process done by WB (3 months)  System Design and Implementation (6 Months)  Pilot Testing for vehicles (parallel 3 months)  Operation stability (6 Months) Total 17 Months 3.5 Redesign Cairo Traffic Flow and Public transportation Cairo is one of the largest cities in Africa with a population of over 9 million spread over 3,085 square kilometers. Like other metropolitan cities, the residents in the city suffer from traffic problems. 60
Transportation Simulation Example Furthermore, Cairo has an extensive transportation network with multimodal transportation modes such as ground transportation, subway system and maritime services. Despite of various transportation services and high capacity, surplus of transportation demand exceeds the capacity of transportation infrastructure. For this reason, and, therefore, induces severe traffic congestion and safety problems as follows. - (Traffic Congestion) Direct costs that were wasted by traffic congestion in Cairo were estimated at 14 billion Egyptian pounds (equivalent to about $2.5 billion), equivalent to 1.4% of Egypt’s gross domestic product (GDP). This substantial social cost requires urgent reaction to traffic congestion. (World Bank, 2013) - (Traffic Safety) In 2009, reported road traffic fatalities in Egypt were over 12 thousand, which is 41.6 deaths per 100,000 people. A large proportion of fatalities occurred in Cairo due to concentrated traffic demand in the realm of Cairo and its satellite cities. (WHO, 2012) 61 Indeed, there have been similar efforts from World Bank support. In 2014, World Bank Group reported “Cairo Traffic Congestion Study” by Ziad Nakat and his team. However, the report was more focusing on economic problems due to congestion not with solutions from simulation and re-designing the road policy. Furthermore, WHO was also reporting a fact book regarding road safety in Egypt. All of these efforts already recognized the problems of traffic congestion as well as road-side safety. One of main reasons for traffic congestions is improper design of traffic signals operation as well as misidentifying actual traffic flows. Korea’s experience for traffic simulation and redesign urban roadways policy can be one of world best level. For using Korea’s this capacity into a consulting which aims to: • Evaluate the current status of traffic congestion and safety in Cairo; • Diagnose the causes of transportation problems; and • Suggest the effective improvement policy and plans. In other Arab countries, Korea had done very similar projects. Following projects are related to the current Cairo Traffic Project:  “Real-time traffic monitoring and network-wide travel time prediction with multi- sensor data fusion in mobile environment”, this project aims to develop an efficient traffic monitoring system for UAE (2013-2015).  Task 1. Traffic monitoring system using multi-sensor data fusion  Task 2. Travel time prediction methodology development  Task 3. Preliminary study for the advanced application of the multi-sensor data  “Eco-operation of traffic flows by enhancing efficiency of urban transport network”, which seeks to develop a traffic signal operation system for congested urban networks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2014-2017)  Task 1. Develop an algorithm to operate traffic signal 62  Task 2. Build simulations for evaluate the performance  Task 3. Estimate the benefit by deploying the system
Before Traffic Simulation (UAE Project)
After Traffic Simulation (UAE Project) 63 [Table 10] Estimated Budget and Action Plans for Traffic Flow and Simulation Estimated Consulting Budget and Action Plan Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD)  Framework Arrangement of Integrated Traffic Flow Project by WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month, may proceed in parallel) Traffic Flow  Data collection (3 months) Simulation and  Statistical analysis of collected data 500,000 0.5M improvement (2 Months) plan  Simulation analysis for major regions (2 Months)  Improvement Plan for Policy and Design (3 Month) 0.5M Total 12 Months 3.6 T-Money Card (Transportation Payment Card) In recent years the population in urban areas has steadily increased, particularly in developing countries and it increases the burden and strengthened the role of city government Urbanization is an indispensable trend in modern times. By 2025, it is projected that about two-thirds of the global population will live in urban areas, with the urban population expected to reach 5 billion in 2030. Meanwhile, the urbanization of developing countries has been proceeding more and more rapidly. To address these various limitations, the establishment of intelligence traffic system is another solution. 64
T-Money Card Payment Flow T-money is a rechargeable card and other "smart" devices used for paying transportation fares in and around a city. T-money card can also be used in lieu of cash or credit cards in convenience stores. It is pre-paid RF smartcard embedded with CPU to enable self- calculation and it enhanced card's security by applying international and national security algorithm, and also it is enlarging its various services to all parking fees, tunnel fees and more. T-money is introducing new payment media (mobile phone, accessory, watch, USB, etc.), and will keep on increasing various value-added services. The objective of this Smart Card solution is to provide benefits as follows: systemic civil transportation services to the citizens of Egypt, efficient support to the underprivileged (optional), and various services to citizens in the city of Cairo. The existing services provided both directly/indirectly from the city of Cairo will be re-established by smart Card system; and in conjunction with that, the prospective services will be extending to visitors as well as to the citizen of the city of Cairo through the introduction of smart card. 65
T-Money Card Charging Station
Charging T-money Card Instruction 66 • Benefit to Citizens: - Service Upgrade - Increasing convenience in purchasing by expanding transportation service and affiliates(convenience stores, museums, theaters, parking lots, vending machines, and more) - Utilizing 24hr-operated convenience store for immediate recharge and refund service - Improvement in security - Upgrade in service quality by unifying T-money service center - Fare Discount - Minimizing civil transportation burden by applying transfer discount policy - Applying transportation mileage service • Benefit to the government - Enhancement of public interests - Efficient and scientific policy making by analyzing transportation data - Operation of feeder/truck line - Operation of distance-based fare system and semi-public bus operation - Clear settlement of fare profit - Foundation for high tech transportation infrastructure • Benefit to Transportation Providers - Efficient Management - By T-money data, efficient allocation of bus routes and controlling bus intervals are possible - Discount benefit for using T-money makes more people to use public transportation • T-money Service T-money, one of the Killer applications in public transport sector, is vastly expanding the service to e-money market, and is providing various beneficial services to customers. With 67 just one T-money card, there is no need to carry a wallet. Customers can quickly pay and go at various places without waiting in line for any change, receipt, or signature. T-money is safe, quick, comfortable, flexible and reliable. It is prospected that this Smart Card solution will extend to all public transportation sectors such as Metro, Bus, and Taxi; and if realized, the benefit of the Smart Card solution as an All-In-One Smart Card will be far more expanded. Cairo citizen can use T-money card in many retail stores as well. Seoul Public Transport Reform adopted new fare policy, allowing free transfer among differing modes of transportation and vehicles; this means, each passenger may pay a single fare for a trip based off the distance traveled even if the trip requires varying modes of transportation (which can be determined by previous trip records). To execute this policy successfully, an electronic system for unified fare collection and indisputable settlement among operators was essential. The T-money System has been implemented and is being operated by Korea Smart Card Co., Ltd (KSCC) of which 34.4% is owned by Seoul Metropolitan City Government, 31.85% owned by LG CNS, and 15.73% owned by Credit Card Union. Service provided by the T-money system can be explained in four parts: the front-end, back-end, infrastructure and the value added. The systems in yellow are recommended, while the systems in purple are optional and can be added on to meet business requirements. Functions may be modified depending on the local standards and demands. This diagram presents a detailed overview of the individual systems. SCMS (Smart Card Management System) manages whole lifecycle of Smartcard. Also, SCMS provides customers with product management, Issuance Management, interface with other system (ERP, Customer Services, etc.) and other affiliations. Seoul’s successful Public Transport Reform Project would have been impossible without the state-of-the-art IT technology and reliable products. T-money products are high-tech, reliable, secure, and most importantly, cost-effective. 68
T-Money Card System Architecture The range of estimated budget planning for Smart Card project is categorized into smart card terminals, card issuers, the operating room, software, and other management costs. The existing resources of the city of Cairo can be shared and used for system operation center. For sure, SDDC (Software Defined Data Center) architecture is strongly recommended as data hub for T-money card back-end systems. 69
T-money Card System *Image source: www.lg-cns.com The current recommended project will be with AFC and FMS. Furthermore, there have been many cases of T-money card exports such as New Zealand, Greece, Malaysia, Columbia, Cote ‘divoire, Mongolia, etc. 70 [Table 11] Estimated Budget and Action Plan for T-money card pilot system Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD) AFC (Automatic Fare Collection) Card Readers Card Chargers Card Manufacturing 12M 3G/LTE Gateway Data center (storage, servers, and network) T-money 1000 Buses and 400 charging stations Transportation Distributed Database 20MUSD Card FMS (Fleet Management System/Bus Management System) 3G/LTE Gateway 8M GPS Onboard Terminal Center Facilities with Multi Video Screens Command Control center Total 20M USD Action Plans  Framework Arrangement of Integrated Security Center Project by WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month, may proceed in parallel)  ISP Consulting for detailed spec and project scopes with RFP (6 months)  Finishing of ISP with RFP and Procurement process done by WB (3 months)  System Design and Implementation (12 Months)  Pilot Testing for 30 buses (parallel 3 months)  Operation stability (6 Months)  OPEX can be important factor to be calculated Total 29 Months 3.7 Call Taxi Service for Disabled People ‘Seoul call-taxi service for the disabled’ is a transportation service for disabled people. It is reservation and call basis call-up model and can be reserved through PC, mobile, Phone, etc. If distance is within 50km, the rate is about 20% of ordinary taxi. In 2017, in Seoul, there are 71 474 call taxi are operating under 1 call center, 38 parking areas, 24*7. About 100,000 disabled users were using the system and their satisfaction rate is somewhat high.
Webpage of Call Taxi for Disabled People (www.sisul.or.kr) The call taxi system was created to offer convenience in movement for the severely disabled. This service has started since January 1st 2003, with a hundred cabs. As of 2016, Seoul Metropolitan City has 487 vehicles; those with the slope, lift, a mini-bus, and cabs.  All images in this section are from www.sisul.or.kr Vehicles with slope(241) Vehicles with lift(195) Mini bus(1) Cabs(50)
Vehicle types 72
Common Type of Call-taxi for the Disabled The main target of this service is the brain-injured, a physically disabled, and the disabled with wheelchairs. The call-taxi service for the disabled has a three-step operating system. People who want to use this service can make a call (+82-1588-4388), text a message, or through Internet or application. Once a call is accepted, then an appropriate vehicle is allocated to the area of service requester. Finally, the vehicle moves to pick up the requester, and it drives him/her to the destination. This system is illustrated as shown below. 73
Operating System of Call Taxi System Basically, the qualified disabled can get the call-taxi service for the disabled in Seoul Metropolitan City. However, 12 cities near Seoul and Incheon International Airport are included in the service area exceptionally; 12 cities, Bu-cheon city, Gim-po city, Yang-ju city, Go-yang city, Uijeong-bu city, Namyang-ju city, Gu-ri city, Ha-nam city, Gwa-cheon city, An- yang city, Gwang-myeong, and Seong-nam city, only offers this service when it is used for MEDICAL TREATMENT. In this case, the user should get an approval in advance with a confirmation of hospitalization care. 74
Entering into a Call Taxi for Disabled Person The fare for the service is about 1 US dollars within 5km, 2.5 US dollars from 5km to 10km and if it is over 10km, then 0.05 US dollars per km will be charged. The numbers of passengers are restricted to 4 people if the disabled is accompanied by a guardian. If the disabled use wheelchair, the numbers can be expanded to 5 people. Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD) 50 Van Type Taxi with supporting facilities for disabled people (30,000USD *50 = 1.5M) Call Center (1M) Call Taxi for Payment Terminals (100 each) Disabled 5M 6M USD 3G/LTE Gateway (10 each) People Data center (storage, servers, and network) using Teleco’s (outsourcing and operation fees) 75 Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Item (USD) (USD) Operation and Maintenance per yearly basis 1M Total 6M USD Action Plans  Framework Arrangement with WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month, may proceed in parallel)  ISP Consulting for detailed spec and project scopes with RFP (1 months)  Finishing of ISP with RFP and Procurement process done by WB (2 months)  System Design and Implementation (6 Months)  Pilot Testing for 50 Taxis (parallel 3 months)  Operation stability (6 Months) Total 17 Months 3.8 E-learning Systems against Illiteracy in Local Areas The definition of literacy is diverse, but it generally means ‘ability to read, understand and write letters.’ Sometimes literacy is regarded as power to speak, listen, read and write so that he or she can do everything in all the linguistic areas. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) defines literacy as “ability to define, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and calculate by using documents on diverse contents.” Literacy is not mere function of reading or writing, but rather foundation of every education and an important element for individuals and national development. Literacy is also an essential tool to acquire and process information in information society and upcoming the Fourth Industrial Revolution. For this reason, e-government survey of United Nations includes adult literacy rate in Human Capital Index section. According to ‘CIA the World Fact book Country Comparison: Literacy, 2013’, overall literacy rate in Egypt is 73.90%, ranked as the world 169th. Recent study result by UNESCO indicates that literacy rate in Egypt is lower than that of average of the world, 80%. Unlike youth literacy rate, gender 76 difference is huge as 15% point for literacy rate in the adult group above age of 15, which indicates high illiteracy rate of Egyptian adult female group. Korea has experienced more than 75% points increase in literacy rate over around 60 years, and is regarded as one of the world’s best e-government countries. Thus, Korean cases can inspire Egyptian government in terms of improvement of literacy rate and e-government services.
Literacy rate in Egypt and Arabic countries 77
Electoral List for the Illiterate in Egypt * Source: DongA.com Korea faced 78% of illiteracy rate in 1945 and was one of the countries with the lowest literacy rate in the world. In 1950s, Korean government established 5-year plan to fight illiteracy for 2.4 million populations over age of 17. In 1960s, literacy campaign was pushed forward by university students and national development movement. In 1970s, literacy campaign was carried out along with improvement of overall living environment. From late 1980s, ability to fully understand and utilize official documents such as newspaper, signs, public or financial forms was emphasized rather than reading or writing itself. There could be numerous reasons for Korea to achieve success in literacy rate; Koreans’ strong education fever from Confucian tradition, its original letter system ‘Hangeul’, continuous civil efforts to tackle illiteracy, etc. Education Law with secured budget also contributed to lowering illiteracy rate for students. By enacting Lifelong Education Act, the central and local governments take responsibility on operating organized educational programs for adults, and also need to make an effort for citizens. According to this act, central government has to establish national literacy education center (www.le.or.kr), and local governments have authority to secure or manage literacy education facility in their premises. 78 Digital technology fundamentally changes way of living, working, learning and communicating in 21st century’s world economy and society. Facing 4th Industrial Revolution, the world witnesses various problems relating literacy issues under rapidly changing digital expansion. By adopting some e-learning technology, people can learn language with easiness. For instance, offline and online together named mixed learning can fully leverage the power of digital technology and make the learning contents fully customized to students’ pace and levels. LMS (Learning Management Solution) can be the package of supporting digital support e-learning.
LMS (Learning Management System) Solution The system may be located in CSC (Citizen Service Center) or any local government premises in order to have easy access from local adult people. Language course are mostly 3- 6 months program and can be remotely learned. After a year of checking strengths and weaknesses, the system can be expanded to other local districts. 79
Smart Class Room in Korea
Smart Learning Language Class for Aged People Cairo governorate can open a language class supported with e-learning solutions for aged and adults in local communities. That’s because aged and adult illiterates are hard to access to regular education facilities. Since this is an e-learning pilot learning for local adults, it can be free of charge. The contents can be also migrated from diverse internet resources as well as teachers can create their own learning contents. Furthermore, LMS now can be with smart class room. 80
E-learning System against Illiteracy [Table 12] Estimated Budget for e-learning system for local illiterate adults Estimated Budget Subtotal Classification Amount Items (USD) (USD) 100 PCs and 100 Tablets LMS (Learning Management System) solution Server and Switches Gateway server 4.5M e-learning Remote learning support system for Learning contents aggregator Storage, servers, and networks 5M USD illiterate local adults Smart board, etc. Operation and Maintenance per yearly basis 0.5M (Teachers and system maintenance first year) Total 5M USD Action Plans  Framework Arrangement with WB (2 Months)  ODA Loan Agreement (2 Month, may proceed in parallel)  ISP Consulting with RFP and Procurement process done by WB (2 months)  System Design and Implementation (6 Months) 81  Pilot Testing for student learning (3 months)  Operation stability (3 Months) Total 16 Months 3.9 Cloud Based Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) As of 2018, Egyptian government didn’t have integrated datacenters that can consolidate all the government data in one place to garner operation easiness and enhanced security over data protection. However, MoPAR has some progress on deploying integrated datacenter for e-government architecture.
Conventional DC vs Software-Defined DC To build a datacenter needs diverse and integrated efforts. Recently, a new data center concept named Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC) term was promoted as a paradigm shift in data center technology. The promise of SDDC was that organizations would no longer need to rely on specialized hardware or hire consultants to install and program hardware in its specialized language. Rather, IT will define applications and all of the resources they require including compute, storage, networking, security, and availability. Commonly cited benefits of SDDC include improved efficiency from extending 82 virtualization throughout the data center; increased agility from provisioning applications quickly; improved control over application availability and security through policy-based governance; and the flexibility to run new and existing applications in multiple platforms and clouds. Even more important thing to note for SDDC is human resource minimization benefits. Since SDDC can monitor control virtually every devices with centralized command, even 1 or 2 person can handle 30,000 Virtual Machines (VM’s). For this, strong design architecture of data center is critically needed at the designing stage. For instance, SDDC should be based on open source architecture e.g., Linux and x86 server architecture. Furthermore, bare-metal switches and vendor neutral routers can also be used for cost cut. By all the technical advancement of SDDC, Egyptian government may build a datacenter which is about 1/5 of cost which traditionally needed for smile level data center. For this reason, Egyptian government should try to consider implementing SDDC for their data center deployment.
SDDC Architecture Diagram 83 Finally, SDDC can be a great data resources for smart city services. City of Incheon in Korea, smart city services are on SDDC for example. Likewise, for the suggested highest- priority smart city services recommended in the current manuscript can be located on the common SDDC in Cairo. [Table 13] SDDC Budget and Action Plans Agenda Description Current Practice Problems • Traditional data center using UNIX and proprietary vendor specific network devices have high cost and low flexibility • Major data centers (above Tier 3** class) need at least 50M US Dollars for deployment (without construction) Key Features for solutions • SDDC can be one of good examples of virtualization infrastructure which will be perfectly fit to Cloud computing. • Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC; also: virtual data center, VDC) pertains to virtualization concepts such as abstraction, pooling, and automation to all data center resources and services to achieve IT as a service (ITaaS). • Control of SDDC is fully automated by the use of software, which means hardware configuration is maintained or controlled through automated intelligent software systems. • (1)Compute, (2) Storage, (3) Networking, (4) Security, (5) Availability are the services which are aggregated, pooled, and managed by intelligent policy driven software. • Virtualization is the main process and is central to SDDC, which consists of three major building blocks given as follows: (1) Network virtualization, (2)Server virtualization, (3)Storage virtualization • ITaaS may represent an outcome of SDDC How-to Action • Feasibility Study of Deploying SDDC (0.2 year) • Information System Planning (ISP) for designing a SDDC (0.3 year) • ODA support and preparation/coordination 84 by Ministry of Planning* (1 year in parallel) • Implementation (1 year) • Data Migration (0.5 year) • Operation stabilization (1 year) (Total about 3.0 years) Estimated Budgets 20M USD Tier 3 Data Center (including Feasibility Study, ISP, and operation for 1 year and with construction of physical buildings, dedicated network lines and land acquisition) (Land acquisition and construction part cost may vary, needed to be adjusted in ISP) Duration/Milestones 24 Months (including stable operation) * Ministry of Planning had been awarded a Decree by Prime Minister to coordinate e- government services among Ministries (2017.9) ** Data Center Specification Tier 1 = Non-redundant capacity components (single uplink and servers)(Guaranteeing 99.671% availability) Tier 2 = Tier 1 + Redundant capacity components. (Guaranteeing 99.741% availability) Tier 3 = Tier 1 + Tier 2 + Dual-powered equipment and multiple uplinks. (Guaranteeing 99.982% availability) Tier 4 = Tier 1 + Tier 2 + Tier 3 + all components are fully fault-tolerant including uplinks, storage, chillers, HVAC systems, servers etc. Everything is dual-powered. (Guaranteeing 99.995% availability) 3.10 Citizen Service Center Innovation (One-Stop Service) - 1st Phase Citizen Service Center (CSC) in District of Cairo needs action plans for enhancing citizen welfare and conveniences for using public administration services. As of today, citizens would visit different government offices (e.g., health office, education office, supply office, post office, etc.) in different physical locations, which is very cumbersome for citizens as well as require more time for preparing needed documents. For this, World Bank and KLID are proposing a step-by-step citizen service center innovation strategy. 85
Integrated Future Citizen Service Center As with other countries, citizens are only needed to visit CSC to handle their problems and registration which is CSC functions a hub of citizen public administration services. To set this CSC a hub as a To-Be Model of CSC innovation, there needs to be a stepping-stone phases to achieve To-Be Model.  1st stepping-stone model The model aims at increasing conveniences of citizens by making available for requesting a plea/petition or public document issuances from CSC’s. Currently, since each ministry has its data and does not share with other ministries, the 1 st stepping stone model is connecting from ministry branch offices (e.g., health office, education office, supply office, post office, etc.) to CSC by VPN access. After this change, citizens can request any public administration related works through CSC nearby their homes. Ministry of Planning, Monitoring and Administrative Reform (MoPMAR)’s role is very important because MoPMAR had been awarded a PM’s decree of coordinating e-government services with other 86 ministries as well as local Governorate and Districts. One suggestion is to start a pilot implementation at one District for one-stop service and try to find any issues and alternative solutions. Furthermore, one or two people working at ministry branch offices may be relocated to CSC’s for the new practices. For this reason, MoPMAR needs a strong commitment regarding coordination with other ministries.
As-Is To-Be Model of CSC Innovation with Stepping-stone Models From the qualitative interviews and comments from government officials from Cairo also represented similar opinion for one-stop service in CSC. Integrated function from supply office, health office, education office, etc. in CSC will create some avenues of public administration innovation. [Table 14] CSC Innovation–one stop service 1st Phase Agenda Description Current Practice Problems • Central ministries do not share their data with other ministries • Citizens need to visit in person to prepare documents in several locations • Needs more time to complete one process 87 Key Features for solutions • Connect ministry offices to CSC with VPN access or other connectivity solutions • Citizens can request their issues through CSC’s and get the results from CSC’s as well • The stepping stone model is with the condition that ministries are not sharing their data • Once data can be shared by ministries in an earlier stage, 1st stepping stone model can be skipped. How-to Action • Feasibility Study and ISP (0.5 year) • ODA support and preparation/coordination by Ministry of Planning to other ministries by MOU’s (0.5 year in parallel) • Implementation (0.5 year) • Operation stabilization (0.5 year) (Total about 1.5 years) Estimated Budgets 5M USD For VPN access, gateway servers/switch/routers at branch offices and/or dedicated lines from each offices to one CSC (Pilot implementation for one CSC) Duration/Milestones 18 Months (including stable operation) 88 4. Overall Budget [Table 15] Overall Budget of top 10 smart city services for Cairo Main Category ID Quick-win project List Budgets Duration Healthcare 1 Capacity Building for 7M 24 Months Healthcare Services with Hospital Information System Security/Safety 2 Integrated Smart CCTV 10M 24 Months System Design and Pilot Implementation Environment 3 Solid Waste 22M 22 Months Management Design and Pilot Project (including first year operation) 4 Emission Test System and 5M 17 Months Database for Vehicles (1 location 5 bay design) Transportation/ 5 Redesign Cairo Traffic 0.5M 12 Months Traffic Flow and Public Transportation 6 T-Money Card 20M 29 Months (Transportation Payment Card) 7 Call Taxi Service for 6M 17 Months Disabled People Education 8 E-learning Systems 5M 16 Months against Illiteracy in Local Areas Smart City 9 Cloud Based Software 20M 24 Months Infrastructure Defined Data Center (SDDC) for Smart City Data Center/Infrastructure 10 Citizen Service Center 5M 18 Months Innovation (One-Stop Service) - 1st Phase The Sum of Top 10 Priority Project 100.5M USD 89 5. Discussion Egyptian government is planning to build 16 Smart Cities. President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi aims at developing ICT sector as one of the main pillars of the economic and social development in Egypt. He also underscored the need to maintain implementing the projects of smart cities. These top-down initiatives toward smart city are not different from the bottom-up voices of government officials in Cairo. Reminiscent upon Korea’s success, education and SOC (Social Overhead Capital, Infrastructure, Transportation, etc.) investment were effective for economic growth based on the loans from international institutions such as World Bank, etc. In the future, smart services (including infrastructure) can be the drivers for increasing citizen welfare and country growth momentum at the same time. Surprisingly from questionnaire survey results, healthcare service is analyzed as highest- priority area in Cairo. Furthermore, during interviews, the authors came to aware that overall healthcare level needs to be jump up. For this reason, we presume healthcare capacity building with HIS support pilot implementation will be most important smart city services to start. Moreover, illiteracy was identified as an important issue against smart city deployment. For this reason, government should employ some kind of language program for adults in local communities. The LMS (Learning Management System) can be one of good options to alleviate illiteracy. Overall, these suggested projects are not covering all the areas from request of questionnaire survey and interviews. The selection criteria was indeed based on statistical analysis (T-test, p<0.001) and qualitative comments from government officials as well as expert opinions from World Bank Group and KLID. The authors think that unlike e-government systems initiated from Ministry of Planning and Administrative Reforms and other central Ministries, theses smart city services can be initiated from Cairo Governorate directly and independently (local government). 90
Top 10 Smart City Architecture For instance, new infrastructure data center technology like SDDC (Software Defined Data Center) will be a foundation of all smart city services with high level of flexibility and less cost. And the smart city services can be interconnected with each other based on SDDC and enhanced user experience. Future studies in this domain would more elaborate on Cairo specific smart city services with actual implementation perspective. Furthermore, high speed networks and mobile connectivity including 5G and IoT can be stressed without any reservation. This infrastructure connectivity can be functioned as enriching services seamlessly. Cairo has seminal roles in human history/cultural civilization and has full potential to be top-notch smart city in the world. The authors strongly hope that Cairo will have some momentum for healthcare, public security, environment, transportation, education, IT infrastructure, etc., by leveraging the power of smart city services. 91 References 1. CIA, 2013, Country Comparison: Literacy, CIA the World Fact book 2013 2. KEDI, 2012, Development Process and Outcomes of Adult Literacy Education in Korea 3. KERIS, 2017, Global trends of education informatization 4. Lee BH, Yang HT, Kim SY, Youn JY. 2015, Study on the improvement of transportation convenience of Gyeonggi-do: Gyeonggi Welfare Foundation. 5. MoHW & Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, 2011, Korea Ministry for Health and Welfare. National Survey on Persons with Disabilities. Korea, Seoul: Korea, 6. Patton, M., 2002, Qualitative Research & Evaluation Method, 3rd Ed. Sage Publications. 7. Seoul Metropolitan Government, 2015, Internal data of the annual statistics of special transport service for disabled people in 2015 8. UN DESA, UN e-government survey, 2016 9. UNESCO Education Sector, 2004, The Plurality of Literacy and its implications for Policies and Programs 10. World Bank. 2014. Cairo Traffic Congestion Study: Final Report. Washington, DC. 11. World Health Organization. 2012. Road Safety in Egypt Fact Sheet. 92