THE 92684 WorldBank IN INDIA VOL 12 / NO 4 JANUARY 2014 INSIDE Connecting remote corners in rural Jharkhand 1-5 Development Dialogue: New roads in rural Jharkhand bring a ray Does growth have to come at the price of worsened air quality 6-7 of hope to its people ICR Update: Karnataka Urban Water Sector Improvement Project 8-10 Events, Recent Project T Approvals and Signings wo young friends, Raju Yadav and Ankit kumar, race their bikes 11-15 down a brand new road in rural Jharkhand. They are no longer New Additions to the Public scared of snakes or of falling down on the stony path, can get to school Information Center 16-27 on time, and can even borrow their sisters’ bikes (given free to village Contact Information 28 schoolgirls by the government) for a joyride. About the photograph: Deep in the heart of rural Jharkhand, new roads are bringing development Two young friends race their to remote tribal regions where the Maoists hold sway. Connecting bikes down a brand new road in rural Jharkhand villages to main roads in this far-flung and insecure region has not been Photograph by Graham Crouch easy. The extremists hide in the dense jungles of this sparsely populated Although the terrain, moving in and out of villages to find typhoid. With medical services being hard law and order shelter and food, sometimes at gunpoint. to reach, these and other infections exact a problem has Visitors are told not to stay for more than few heavy toll. seriously impacted the minutes in each hamlet, and to be well clear Not surprisingly, the new road brings a ray of pace of road of the area before dark. building in hope to this benighted land. It brings tractors Jharkhand, the Many mud-brick homes sport the triangular to irrigate impoverished farms and fields, state’s rural orange flags of the Monkey-God Hanuman, trucks and tempos to transport people and roads program believed to imbue courage and protect the goods to market, and auto-rickshaws to take has progressed innocent from peril. And, local road-building the children to school. contractors usually need to be armed, to In one dusty hamlet, in Lapung block, Ranchi protect themselves and their crews from the district in Jharkhand, 25 year old Phekayen Maoist threat. Urra appreciates the changes the new road A ray of hope has brought. Earlier, Urra says, it was difficult to negotiate the rough stony path to the The tribal people have little, and sometimes village. Now, her husband is able to cycle no access, to basic amenities like drinking to the local market to sell the produce they water, roads, or irrigation. They drink directly raise on their little farm. And tempos and from ponds or rivulets, frequently contracting auto rickshaws come right up to the village, water-borne diseases like diarrhea and enabling her children to attend the English- language school in the nearby town. Still, Urra is scared to traverse the road at night, and the family remains firmly indoors after the late evening hush settles around the cluster of homes at sundown. Armed protection for road building crews Although the law and order problem has seriously impacted the pace of road building in Jharkhand, the state’s rural roads program has progressed. The program, part of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana’s (PMGSY), and 12 2 The World Bank in India • January 2014 Since 2000, the supported by the World Bank, has begun to had to be taken to the nearest hospital on a Government of connect the larger villages to the highway, makeshift wooden plank that was carried on India has been making life easier for the people. Smaller the shoulders of two people. Some survived implementing the Pradhan villages too, particularly those that lie along the this arduous journey, and some didn’t. There Mantri Gram ‘through’ roads that link the larger villages to were so many rocks and boulders, what Sadak Yojana the main roads, have begun to benefit. could we do?” he adds with a shrug. (PMGSY), the Prime Minister’s Reaping the benefits 85 year old Lokni Mussamat, too remembers the time when bullock carts or travel by foot Rural Roads In a relatively safer part of the state, in was the only means of getting from place to Program, to link all India’s Hazaribagh district in Jharkhand, 26 year old place. Walking upright with her stick despite villages with Dhaneshwar Kumar Rana remembers how her advanced years, Mussamat recalls that populations difficult it was to take his pregnant wife to the marriage processions used to get off the bus of 500 and doctor in the nearest town. “The local drivers on the highway and walk through the rough above with all-weather refused to come to our village because the country path to reach the bride’s house, often roads road was bad. But if someone really needed spoiling their wedding finery on the way. “It them, they would charge extra,” he recalls. was no surprise that people were unwilling Now, with the new black-topped road, Rana to marry their daughters into our village,” she can easily take his little girl to town for her says. “But, things are much easier now.” doctors’ visits and polio shots. “It’s nice to be able to come and go easily,” he says. PMGSY – a game changer Rana’s sentiments are echoed by 70 year old Since 2000, the Government of India has Baijnath Pandey, who is visiting the village to been implementing the Pradhan Mantri Gram conduct his priestly duties. Not so long ago, it Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), the Prime Minister’s would take the old priest over an hour to walk Rural Roads Program, to link all India’s the overgrown path to reach here. “The new villages with populations of 500 and above road has benefitted us immensely,” Pandey with all-weather roads. says. “Earlier when someone was sick they Since late 2004, when the World Bank began supporting the PMGSY, Bank support has helped build and improve some 16,000 km of rural roads. Now, the World Bank’s $1.5 billion Second Rural Roads Project is ongoing in select districts of eight states. These states—Jharkhand, Bihar, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab—have varying terrain, populations, and implementation capacity, making for a unique set of challenges in each. The project is bringing about a paradigm shift in the way rural roads are mapped, The World Bank in India • January 2014 12 3 designed, monitored, and built across the the roads’ conventional back top surfaces country. A number of innovations have been to sturdier concrete ones to deal with the introduced. For instance, before a road is additional load. built, representatives of local communities “The PMGSY program is a game changer in walk the entire stretch of the proposed road reducing rural poverty and boosting shared so that their concerns can be taken into prosperity,” says Arnab Bandyopadhyay, account at the design stage itself. In addition, Senior Transport Engineer with the World Bank an environmental protection code has been in New Delhi, and team leader for the project. established, uniform quality standards adopted, and upkeep of roads ensured “Twenty five percent of India’s rural through 5 year maintenance contracts that habitations are still not connected by all- are inbuilt into the road-building contract weather roads. The program is progressively itself. Community monitoring initiatives, connecting these villages to the nearest where citizens and stakeholders monitor road (Change background colour as need markets, schools, hospitals and administrative construction and maintenance, are being centers, enabling the rural poor to avail of piloted to inform future policy. new economic opportunities and access better health and education services.” In Jharkhand, where rural roads often support heavier vehicles, primarily from the mining areas, the state’s engineers have converted The PMGSY can serve as a game changer in reducing rural poverty and boosting shared prosperity 12 4 The World Bank in India • January 2014 Workshop to promote road safety in India M ore people die from road accidents in India than anywhere else in the world. But implementing road safety in the country advantages of having a centralized patrol force were discussed. An Inspector from the New Zealand Police elaborated on the benefits of is not easy. A large number of agencies share coordination between agencies, the importance of responsibility and often lack coordination. These crash databases and risk surveys, and the use of include the ministries of transport, health, justice, strategic advertisements targeting road users. interior, education, employment, and finance. Pilot programs such as Demonstration Corridor As part of the “Road Safety in 10 countries” programs as well as individual state experiences project, the World Bank’s Global Road Safety in road safety were highlighted. And, last but not Facility (GRSF) has been organising a series of least, impressive initiatives such as the Graduated workshops on various aspects of road safety. Driver Licensing System were showcased. The latest in the series of training workshops The World Bank highlighted the initiatives to was organized to enable participants to learn promote road safety by targeting high risk more about inter-agency coordination primarily corridors on highways, with a particular focus on from each others’ experience as well as from the safety of pedestrians and cyclists. international case studies. Uttar Pradesh, which recorded the largest number of fatalities among Senior Transport Engineer, Arnab Bandyopadhyay all India’s states in 2011, took the lead in the said: “Road safety challenges in India have workshop. been exacerbated in recent years due to virtual absence of the adequate legal and regulatory It was noted that several Indian states have framework, institutional structure and coordination already begun developing new models that target and financing mechanism. This workshop was high-risk corridors. These initiatives are led by organized to particularly focus on the challenges Government in concert with civil society and the and opportunities in inter agency coordination, private sector. a major impediment to a successful multi-facted The workshop emphasized that post-crash multi-agency road safety management framework. assistance and care needs to be improved. Participants from 12 states and three other All stakeholders, such as enforcement officers countries actively deliberated throughout the and local volunteers, need to be engaged, and workshop and made resolution towards improved (Change background colour as needed) civil society enabled to play a role through legal inter agency coordination in their respective instruments such as the Good Samaritan law. jurisdictions – implementation of which will partly The Delhi-based NGO Save Life Foundation be supported through Bank financed projects in showcased its efforts in training highway police those jurisdictions.” officers in providing first-responder care. The The World Bank in India • January 2014 12 5 Development Dialogue Does growth have to come at the price of worsened air quality? The good news is that there are a number of low-cost policy options that could significantly curtail environmental damage without compromising future growth, says Muthukumara Mani, Senior Environmental Economist with the World Bank. I ndia’s stellar economic performance during the past decade has brought immense benefits to its citizens. Employment In fact, in the coming years, pressure on India’s environment, driven by both poverty and prosperity, is projected to become the opportunities have increased and millions highest in the world. have been allowed to emerge from poverty. So, does growth—so essential for But, rapid growth has been clouded by a development—have to come at the price of degrading environment and a growing scarcity worsened air quality and other environmental of natural resources. Today, India ranks 125th degradation? Fortunately, the country does among 132 countries on all measurable not have to choose between growth and the environmental indicators, and dead last in environment. The good news is that there terms of air pollution. In addition, more than are a number of low-cost policy options half of the most polluted cities in the Group of that could significantly curtail environmental Twenty (G-20) countries are in India. damage without compromising future growth. As the population grows and urbanizes and For example, there is now enough evidence consumption patterns change, pressure on to show that coal beneficiation, or the the country’s natural resources—air, water, washing of coal, is not only an inexpensive land and forests—will steadily increase. way to reduce its ash content but also 6 The World Bank in India • January 2014 improves a coal-fired power plant’s efficiency services and biodiversity. There is, however, while cutting down significantly on operation a growing recognition of the importance of and transport costs. Similarly, flue-gas these resources in the public domain. While desulfurization technology is a cost-effective it is very difficult to put a monetary value on way to take care of particulate pollution from ecosystems and the services they provide, thermal power plants while delivering huge our study finds that equations change when health benefits to the people. Moreover, this is done. Accordingly, we attempt to as has been seen in other countries, the place an economic value on India’s unique introduction of new fuel standards in biodiversity and ecosystems, calculating transportation, as well as the more stringent these at 3 to 5% of GDP by conservative enforcement of environmental performance estimates. by industries can bring down air pollution Since decisions taken today will lock the sharply and efficiently. country into patterns of growth that will Our new study, the first of its kind in India, impact future generations, it is imperative shows that these policy options will cost the to calculate green GDP by factoring in the economy just 0.02% to 0.04% of average environmental consequences of growth. annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth. The government of India has already set 2015 Compare this with the whopping cost of a as the target to release green GDP data. deteriorating environment on the people’s And, the 12th Plan sets ambitious targets for health and productivity—at a staggering reducing particulate emissions. The good Rs.3.75 trillion each year ($80 billion)—or news is that there are number of initiatives 5.7% of GDP. in planning or under way that look at cost- effective ways of reducing air pollution. Among these costs, outdoor air pollution They range from state-level emission trading exacts the highest toll (at 1.7% of GDP) mostly schemes to improving the effectiveness through an increase in cardiopulmonary of clean energy fund to specific measures diseases among the young and productive targeting efficiency improvements in power urban population. This is followed by indoor air plants or city transport systems. But in order pollution, at a cost 1.3% of GDP, which mostly to meet the 12th Plan’s ambitious targets, affects the rural people. there is an urgent need for these efforts to The remaining costs stem from the depletion be backed by a comprehensive regulatory of the country’s natural resources and from framework, a clear implementation plan, diseases caused by poor water supply, as well as instruments and mechanisms to sanitation and hygiene which largely affect enforce it. children under five. In fact, almost one in four There is now enough evidence to show child deaths in the country can be attributed that environmental performance does not to some form of environmental degradation. automatically improve with national income. Clearly, given these enormous costs to all Policy action and effective implementation segments of India’s population, grow now will therefore be required to prevent and and clean up later is not an option for India. remedy obstacles to growth as well as to Moreover, climate change and the increasing reduce the adverse impact upon the people frequency and intensity of extreme weather from environmentally unsustainable practices. events are expected to further exacerbate these already serious public health problems. Clearly, we cannot afford to delay. For, if we wait too long, it may be too expensive or too In addition, the degradation of air, water, soils, (Change background colour as needed) late to clean up. What’s worse, failure to act forests, wetlands, grasslands, coral reefs, now could also constrain India’s long-term etc.—all vital for economic productivity—are productivity and put a brake on the country’s causing real costs to the economy. Much future prospects for growth. of the ongoing loss of natural assets can be attributed to the lack of incentives and This article was originally published in the markets to provide compensation for the Mint newspaper on 19 November 2013 supply of essential environmental services, including hydrological services, carbon The World Bank in India • January 2014 7 ICR Update T his is a short summary of the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) of a recently- closed World Bank project. The full text of the ICR is available on the Bank’s website. To access this document, go to www.worldbank.org/reference/ and then opt for the Documents & Reports section. Karnataka Urban Water Sector Improvement Project Context Karnataka Urban Water Sector Water Supply services in most of the Improvement Project urban areas in Karnataka were poor and Approval Date: 8 April, 2004 characterized by intermittent supplies. Reforms in the water sector were needed to Closing Date: 31 March, 2011 address service delivery issues. To address Total Project Cost US$M 45.31 these, the Karnataka Urban Water Sector Improvement Project (KUWASIP) was Bank Financing: US$M 36.31 designed and piloted in five project zones in Implementing Karnataka Urban three urban local bodies of Hubli Dharwad, Agency: Infrastructure Belgaum and Gulbarga, to demonstrate the Development & feasibility of providing 24X7 water supply. Finance Corporation Outcome: Satisfactory Project Development Objectives Risk to Development Moderate The objective was to launch Government of Outcome: Karnataka’s urban water sector reform process and improve urban water supply services in the Overall Bank Satisfactory participating urban local bodies (Hubli-Dharwad, Performance: Belgaum, and Gulbarga) and demonstrate Overall Borrower Satisfactory that sustainable, efficient, and commercially- Performance: oriented service provision can be achieved. 12 8 The World Bank in India • January 2014 Achievements 5. Billing based on a volumetric tariff was 1. All five demo zones now have continuous introduced in all 5 demo zones, with a (24X7) water supply with good pressure. cost recovery rate of over 70 percent by The investments in the demonstration the project end, taking into account the zones showed that it was possible to costs for bulk water delivery, operation & achieve a sustainable and commercially maintenance cost, operator remuneration, viable 24X7 water supply in India. A 238 technical auditor fee, and debt service. km long water distribution network was 6. The Karnataka Urban Water Supply and successfully installed including house Drainage Board (KUWS&DB) implemented connections and repair of customer’s about 11 bulk water investments resulting water meters in all 5 demo-zones covering in significant improvements in water more than 25,640 new house connections. supply delivery in the three participating 2. The state implemented the three most ULBs, all of which had experienced severe important water supply sector reform water scarcity for many years. As a result activities: of the project, the total water supply available in the three towns improved (a) established a tariff framework for the substantially: 27 MLD (million litres per state, day) in Belgaum, 30 MLD in Gulbarga, and (b) defined the roles and framework for 11 MLD in Hubli-Dharwad. The priority setting up the Karnataka State Urban water works also resulted in energy Water Supply Council (KSUWSC), and savings and charges (for example, Hubli (c) established a water and sanitation saved about Rs. 10 million per annum by information system (WASIS). changing the supply arrangement). 7. The project helped increase consumer 3. The ground for private sector participation awareness, commitment, and a sense of was prepared as a realistic option for water ownership for reforms. People who did and sanitation provision. A private operator not fall in the demo zones now started model was successfully implemented. demanding the same level of service. In 4. A government order establishing the addition, there was strong political support financing and tariff frameworks for the for this initiative, which in turn, placed water supply sector in all Urban Local pressure on the state government to scale Bodies (ULBs) was promulgated. up the 24X7 water supply service. The World Bank in India • January 2014 12 9 tariffs that promote water conservation proved essential for ensuring the sustainability of the 24X7 supplies. ● 24X7/and Pro-Poor Pricing/Social Mediation. Individual household water supply connections increase consumer satisfaction and cost recovery and conserve water. Public stand posts not only limit accessibility but result in water wastage. Barriers to securing household connections for all households, regardless of income, should be addressed through pro-poor pricing policies. ● The poor benefit more from the 24X7 water supply than the higher income groups. They seldom have alternate potable water sources and perceive that continuous water gives them significant socio- economic and health benefits. ● Social intermediation is critical to secure 8. In the project areas, the ULBs are now fully the support of the beneficiary population. responsible for providing water supply, The project incorporated a robust collecting the water tariffs and paying the communication strategy during both the operator. preparation and implementation phases of the project. The strategy involved Lessons Learnt door-to-door interactions with community ● A continuous water supply does not members, establishing public information require more treated bulk water supply. centers in the demo zones, ward level The project proved that a 24X7 supply meetings etc. is achievable even at reduced rates of ● Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in supply. Consumption in the demo-zones 24X7 Water Supply. PPPs can help with a 24X7 supply was 18.4 MLD as increase efficiency into water operations. opposed to 22.14 MLD with intermittent The private sector is willing to enter the water supplies. water market and will bring technical ● Good governance measures are vital for and managerial skills if the contracts sustainability. Introducing new water meter are well designed with accountability connections and affordable volumetric clearly defined, risks evenly allocated, and transparent procurement processes incorporated. ● Building flexibility into the procurement process, where possible, will help to expedite project implementation. The operator was dependent on purchaser approval for petty purchases which led to some delays in completing the contract. Building flexibility into petty purchases by (Change background colour as needed) building appropriate checks, balances, and a robust internal control mechanism can help expedite timely completion of works. 12 10 The World Bank in India • January 2014 Events Development Dialogue Series with Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad The World Bank Country Director in India, Onno Ruhl, delivered a talk on “India’s Key Development Challenges: Social Inclusion, Economic Integration and Spatial Transformation” at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM-A). The talk was attended by more than 120 students and faculty members from the Institute. North East Region Book Fair Guwahati, Assam T he World Bank participated in the 15th North East Region Book Fair held in Guwahati recently. The World Bank’s Public 25 December, 2013 to 5 January, 2014 Information Center set up a stall to raise awareness about the World Bank’s work, disseminate its publications and reach out to the public. More than 150 organizations, including publishers, Guwahati University, IIT Guwahati, and British Council participated in the 12-day event organized by the All Assam Publishers and Book Seller’s Association. (Change ba The World Bank stall, which had on display, World Bank documents, handouts, films and reports, attracted a large number of visitors. The World Bank in India • January 2014 11 Events Book launch grid-connected segment. The strategy adopted the innovative mechanism of New Delhi • 12 December, 2013 bundling relatively expensive solar power with power from the unallocated quota of Transforming India’s future with the Government of India’s thermal power solar power stations, which is relatively cheaper. It also followed a reverse bidding mechanism In the short span of three years, India has that enabled qualified bidders to benefit from made impressive strides in developing declining global prices for solar components, its abundant solar power potential. It has thereby reducing the purchase price of both added capacity at a commendable pace, solar PV and CSP for the utilities. and successfully reduced the costs of solar energy to around $0.12 per kWh for solar Since planning for JNNSM Phase II (2013- photo voltaic (PV) and $0.21 per kWh for 17) will commence soon, it is important that Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), making it be based on sound analysis India amongst the lowest of lessons learnt from the cost destinations for first phase. The Government grid-connected solar of India (Ministry of New power in the world. and Renewable Energy) therefore commissioned a Growth in the energy study in 2012 to identify sector is key for India the key challenges as more than 300 that could impede million of the country’s the expansion of the people still lack access program. The report, to electricity, and industry Paving the Way for cites energy shortages as a Transformational a critical barrier to growth. Future: Lessons from The development of solar JNNSM Phase1: power will help India produce Lessons from Jawaharlal clean energy and contribute to Nehru National Solar Mission Phase I, reducing emissions per unit of GDP by supported by the World Bank’s Energy 20-25% by 2020, over 2005 levels. Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), is based on consultations with Development of solar power in key stakeholders and identifies the following India issues as requiring closer attention: India’s concerted efforts to develop solar 1. Increase access to funds from power began in January 2010, when the commercial banks and attract private country launched the Jawaharlal Nehru financing National Solar Mission (JNNSM) as one of the eight missions under the country’s Under Phase I of the program, scheduled National Action Plan for Climate Change. The commercial banks mostly shied away from Mission’s aim was to deploy solar power on lending for solar projects while export a large scale and position India as a major credit agencies, multilateral financial world power in solar manufacturing as well institutions, and some nonbanking as research and development. financial institutions took up most of the financing. However, given that most The first phase of JNNSM (2010-13) infrastructure lending in India has been led witnessed enthusiastic participation from by commercial banks, the solar program Indian and international investors in the too will need their active participation to 12 The World Bank in India • January 2014 scale up to the levels envisaged. manufacturing is more complex, India has not been able to manufacture some critical 2. Develop shared infrastructure facilities components. Either technology suppliers such as solar parks are limited and their products patented The provision of publicly developed or the lack of natural resources poses an infrastructure frees private providers impediment. India should therefore seek to focus on solar power development, to define and develop its manufacturing increases efficiency, and lowers costs. capabilities in specific parts of the value Gujarat, for example, was the first state to chain where it enjoys a comparative declare a solar policy (2009) and today, is advantage and can emerge as a globally at the forefront of solar power generation competitive producer. An earlier ESMAP- in India. Its first solar park, developed on World Bank study, Development of waste land in Charanka (Patan district), Local Supply Chain: A Critical Link for has the largest solar capacity in Asia. Concentrated Solar Power in India has The park provides developers with identified the potential for reducing the already developed land along with critical costs of CSP components in India through infrastructure, including facilities for local domestic manufacturing. power evacuation and transmission, roads and water, thereby ensuring the rapid The World Bank has identified the development of solar projects. development of solar power as one of the key elements of its Country Partnership 3. Use India’s comparative advantage to Strategy with India. Accordingly, it will develop a niche in the manufacturing continue to strategically engage with the value chain Government of India to scale up solar power India’s solar PV manufacturing capacity is in India, specifically in the lagging states. The limited and does not straddle the higher findings from the study will be disseminated (Change background colour as needed) technological echelons of the industry. This to the central and state governments as is because India’s manufacturers lack the well as to market actors to ensure a shared raw materials, do not have access to low- understanding of the issues and analysis cost financing, and face underdeveloped presented. supply chains. In CSP, where local The World Bank in India • January 2014 13 Recent Project Approvals National Highways Interconnectivity lagging areas which do not fall under the Improvement Project National Highways Development Program (NHDP). Some 43% of the primary highway T he World Bank Board has approved a US$500 million loan to improve the national highway network’s connectivity with network, also known as the non-NHDP network, has been identified for development. Considerable stretches of the non-NHDP economically lagging and remote areas. network requires strengthening and The project will focus on three low-income upgradation, and suffer from connectivity states – Rajasthan, Bihar and Orissa – and gaps. Substantial portions of these roads on less developed regions in the states of are intermediate or single-lane highways and Karnataka and West Bengal. In recent years have poor traveling conditions. there has been an increasing recognition It will upgrade and widen about 1,120 km of of the importance of improving transport existing single and intermediate lane National connectivity in remote and economically Highways to two-lane in Bihar, Orissa and Rajasthan and in less developed regions of Karnataka and West Bengal. Other key components of the project include enhancing the institutional capacity of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) to better manage the highway network. The project will also focus on improving road accident data collection and analysis at central and state levels through (Change background co implementation of the Road Accident Database Management System (RADMS) in project states; strengthen road safety capacity at the central level; and focus on training. Rajasthan Road Sector Modernization the government of Rajasthan improve rural Project connectivity, enhance road safety and strengthen the road sector management T he World Bank has approved a US$160 million credit for the Rajasthan Road Sector Modernization Project to support capacity of the state. The Project will help construct 2500 km of rural roads, connect around 1300 villages that are currently not covered under the PMGSY and also undertake preparatory studies for improving 700 km of priority sections of the state highways. The roads will be built to a bitumen surface standard and will include all necessary bridges and cross drainage works in order to maintain year- round connectivity. The key components of the project include improving rural connectivity through construction of roads; supporting the government of Rajasthan’s Road Sector 14 The World Bank in India • January 2014 Modernization Plan (RSMP) by strengthening The Second Gujarat State Highway Project, institutions, enhancing accountability and passing through 16 districts of Gujarat with a introducing new technologies to promote cost population of 38 million people, will improve effective road construction; and strengthening about 625 km of the core state road network. road safety management systems. The key components of the project include improving connectivity to the underdeveloped It will include a 100 km safe corridor eastern tribal region of the state through (Change background colour as needed) demonstration project which will focus construction of roads; modernizing highway on measures to improve the safety of financing; helping the government in creating pedestrians, bicyclists, drivers, passengers a conducive investment climate for raising and motorized two-wheelers. market resources; and strengthening road safety management systems. The project will also set up a 30 km safe Second Gujarat State Highway Project corridor which will demonstrate measures T he World Bank Board has approved a US$175 million loan for the Second Gujarat State Highway Project to support the to improve road safety. The safe corridor will promote energy efficient construction techniques, use of renewable energy for (Change background colour as needed) government of Gujarat improve the quality street and junction lighting and benefit of the state’s core road network, enhance from a multi-sectoral approach with better road safety and strengthen the road sector engineering, enforcement, health care and management capacity of the state. community awareness. Recent Project Signings Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Coastal The credit agreement for the project was Disaster Risk Reduction Project signed by Nilaya Mitash, joint secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of T he Government of India and the World Bank has signed a US$ 236 million credit agreement to help increase the resilience of Finance, on behalf of the government of India; Gagandeep Singh Bedi, secretary, Revenue Department on behalf of the government of coastal communities to a range of hazards Tamil Nadu; S. B. Deepak Kumar, project along coastal Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. director, Project Implementation Agency on It will address the multiple challenges that behalf of the government of Puducherry and these communities face as a result of their Onno Ruhl, World Bank country director, India exposure to hydro-meteorological hazards on behalf of the World Bank. such as cyclone, storm surge, floods, and Construction of about 14,400 multi-hazard tsunami, with a focus on risk reduction and resilient permanent houses, which started mitigation. under the previous Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project, across 11 coastal districts in Tamil Nadu, will be completed under this project. It will also construct about 120 multipurpose evacuation shelters and install about 440 early warning systems along with evacuation routes and signages. In addition, about 2,000 km of overhead (Change background colour as needed) electrical network will be replaced with underground cables in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry to minimize the damages from cyclones and floods. The World Bank in India • January 2014 15 New Additions to the Public Information Center T his is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operational documents and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents, Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from ‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org India Publications Publications may be consulted and copies of unpriced items obtained from: Paving the Way for a Transformational Future: The World Bank PIC Lessons from Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar The Hindustan Times House (Press Block) Mission Phase One 18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg By Ashish Khanna and New Delhi – 110 001, India Kanv Garg Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753 Available: On-line, Fax: +91-11-2461 9393 112 pages Website: www.worldbank.org Report No.:83266 Facebook: www.facebook.com/WorldBankIndia Email: indiapic@worldbank.org This report looks at the utility-scale grid- PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR connected segment of Viva Books Pvt Ltd solar power in India. As one of the eight 4737/23 Ansari Road, Daryaganj missions under India’s New Delhi – 110 002 National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC), the Tel: +91-11-4224 2200 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) was Fax: +91-11-4224 2240 launched in January 2010 with the aim of accelerating Email: vivadelhi@vivagroupindia.net India’s march toward grid parity in solar power. Other Preferred Stockist in India Phase one (2010-13) of JNNSM, still under Anand Associates implementation, experienced enthusiastic participation 1219 Stock Exchange Tower from Indian and international investors in the grid- 12th Floor, Dalal Street connected segment with substantial discounts to the Mumbai – 400 023 benchmark tariffs determined by the Central Electricity Tel: +91-22-2272 3065/66 Regulatory Commission (CERC) for 500 megawatt Email: thrupti@vsnl.com (MW) each of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic (PV) Website: www.myown.org projects. Fax: +91-11-2610 0573 (New Delhi) Fax: +91-80-4128 7582 (Bangalore) Another unique feature of JNNSM phase one has been the adoption of a reverse auction method for awarding Allied Publishers Pvt Ltd projects to qualified bidders. The Government of Tel: +91-22-2261 7926/27 India took several proactive steps in phase one of the Email: mumbai.books@alliedpublishers.com mission, such as offering a bundling of solar power with Website: www.alliedpublishers.com unallocated coal-based power through the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Vidyut Vyapar Bookwell Nigam (NVVN), implementing a renewable purchase 24/4800 Ansari Road, obligation (RPO) for solar power, instituting a payment Daryaganj security scheme (PSS), and undertaking certain New Delhi – 110 002 measures for promoting local manufacturing, which all Tel: +91-11-2326 8786; 2325 7264 Email: bookwell@vsnl.net combined to ensure the success of phase one. 16 The World Bank in India • January 2014 Development of Local Supply Chain: A Critical Link Survey data from 120 developing countries are used to for Concentrated Solar Power in India examine the relation between establishment size and age in the formal sector. Existing research suggests that By Nataliya Kulichenko and manufacturing establishments in developing countries Ashish Khanna do not grow over time, most likely because of market Available: On-line, 2 Vol. imperfections and regulations. To the contrary, this paper Report NO: 81536 finds that the average plant in developing countries that The study assesses is more than 40 years old, employs almost five times as competitive positioning many workers, as the average plant that is five years old and the potential of or younger. The analysis finds consistent evidence when Indian companies in the it looks within a large country, India, based on detailed manufacturing of important manufacturing census data over 23 years. It also finds Concentrated Solar Power that differences in financial development across Indian (CSP) components. The report proposes an action plan states, while substantial, have a minor effect on firm to help develop this potential and evaluate the resulting growth, consistent with inefficiency of state-owned economic benefits. This report includes the following financial systems. These results hold controlling for activities: differences in labor regulations across states, capital i) assessment of the competitive position of local intensity, labor regulations, and firms born before and industries to support the development of CSP after the major reforms. technologies in India; ii) evaluation of short, medium, and long-term economic benefits of creation of a local manufacturing base; WPS 6702 and A randomized, controlled study of a rural sanitation iii) action plan to stimulate local manufacturing of CSP behavior change program in Madhya Pradesh, India technology components and equipment. By Sumeet R. Patil, Benjamin F. Arnold, Alicia Salvatore, Bertha Briceno, Jr. John M. Colford and Paul J. Gertler The data analysis and messages presented in the report are based on very limited information presently available In 1999, India launched the Total Sanitation Campaign in the Indian market. Therefore, it is recommended that with the goal of achieving universal toilet coverage in the trends and ideas to be given more attention than the rural India by 2012. This paper reports on a cluster- data itself. randomized, controlled trial that was conducted in 80 rural villages in Madhya Pradesh to measure the effect of the program on toilet access, sanitation behavior, and India: Policy Research Working Papers child health outcomes. The study analyzed a random sample of 3,039 households and 5,206 children under WPS 6714 five years of age. Field staff collected baseline measures A comprehensive analysis of poverty in India of sanitation conditions, behavior, and child health, and By Arvind Panagariya and Megha Mukim re-visited households 21 months later. The analysis finds that implementation of the program activities was slower This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of poverty than the original timeline (only 35 percent of villages in India. It shows that no matter which of the two official were triggered more than six months before the follow- poverty lines is used, poverty has declined steadily up survey). Nevertheless, the Total Sanitation Campaign in all states and for all social and religious groups. successfully increased toilet coverage by 19 percent in Accelerated growth between fiscal years 2004-2005 intervention villages compared with control villages (41 and 2009-2010 led to an accelerated decline in poverty percent v. 22 percent), while reported open defecation rates. Moreover, the decline in poverty rates during decreased by 10 percent among adults (74 percent v. 84 these years was sharper for the socially disadvantaged percent). groups relative to upper caste groups, so that a narrowing of the gap in the poverty rates is observed The intervention also led to some improvements in between the two sets of social groups. The paper also water quality and protozoan infection, but consistent provides a discussion of the recent controversies in improvements were not observed across multiple India regarding the choice of poverty lines. child health outcomes (diarrhea, helminth infections, child growth). However, the exposure period was likely to have been too short to result in any benefit of the WPS 6718 sanitation interventions on child health. Given the large Size and age of establishments: evidence from improvements in toilet construction documented, an developing countries additional follow-up survey with a longer period of By Meghana Ayyagari, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav exposure would yield valuable information on the effects Maksimovic of improved sanitation conditions on health outcomes. The World Bank in India • January 2014 17 WPS 6683 WPS 6673 Unlocking land values for urban infrastructure Is workfare cost-effective against poverty in a poor finance: International experience – considerations labor-surplus economy? for Indian policy By Rinku Murgai, Martin Ravallion and Dominique van By George E. Peterson de Walle Despite strong economic growth, investment in basic Workfare schemes impose work requirements on urban infrastructure – water supply, wastewater removal beneficiaries. This has seemed an attractive idea for and treatment, roads, and other capital-intensive self-targeting transfers to poor people. This incentive systems – has failed to keep pace with urban growth, argument does not imply, however, that workfare is leaving a critical urban infrastructure deficit. At the same more cost-effective against poverty than even poorly- time, urban lands in these many developing countries targeted options, given hidden costs of participation. are among the most expensive in the world. Much of In particular, even poor workfare participants in a this land is owned by public authorities. Significant parts labor-surplus economy can be expected to have some of it lie vacant, unused for public service provision or forgone income when they take up such a scheme. inappropriate for conversion to higher-valued economic A survey-based method is used to assess the cost- activity. A composite public-sector balance sheet for effectiveness of India’s Employment Guarantee Scheme India’s urban areas would show an asset mix strong on in Bihar. Participants are found to have forgone earnings, public-sector landholdings but weak on infrastructure. although these fall well short of market wages on This raises the following questions: Can some excess average. Factoring in these hidden costs, the paper public-sector land be exchanged for infrastructure, in a finds that for the same budget, workfare has less manner that is politically acceptable and economically impact on poverty than either a basic-income scheme efficient? Can public land sales be a realistic source (providing the same transfer to all) or uniform transfers of finance for critically needed urban infrastructure based on the government’s below-poverty-line ration investment? This paper considers the policy context cards. For workfare to dominate other options, it would that has shaped different land-disposal and earmarking have to work better in practice. Reforms would need to initiatives, provides details about the actual workings reduce the substantial unmet demand for work, close of institutions, and examines international experience the gap between stipulated wages and wages received, in infrastructure investment. This study contributes to and ensure that workfare is productive. the consultative process underway in India to consider strategies to unlock public land values to help finance urban infrastructure investment. WPS 6665 Capturing the value of public land for urban infrastructure: Centrally controlled landholdings WPS 6675 By George E.Peterson and VasudhaThawakar Can political empowerment help economic Government entities in India hold large amounts of empowerment? Women leaders and female labor public land. Their landholdings include some of the most force participation in India valuable property in the country. Parts of this patrimony By Ejaz Ghani, Anandi Mani and Stephen D. O’Connell lie vacant or underutilized. Public sector bodies also This study examines whether political empowerment own large blocs of land that sometimes stand in the of women affects their economic participation. In the way of efficient completion of urban infrastructure context of mandated political representation reform networks. At the same time, urban India is deficient for women in India, the study finds that the length in basic infrastructure – both network infrastructure of exposure to women politicians affects overall needed to support economic growth and urban service female labor force participation. These effects seem infrastructure needed to meet basic household needs to arise through direct and indirect channels: political like water supply, waste removal, and transportation. representation of women directly affects hours of work This condition raises fundamental questions. Are some assigned to women under the recent national public of government landholdings “surplus” or not needed works program, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural for service provision? If so, can their economic value be Employment Guarantee Scheme. In addition, the level captured to help finance infrastructure investment? of access to public goods, as influenced by exposure This report aims to document evolving government to women leaders over time, increases the likelihood of policies toward pubic land management. It examines women being engaged in the labor force. how active public entities are identifying “surplus” lands The findings suggest that women’s participation in and attempting to monetize them. Public bodies in politics could be a useful policy tool to increase both the India have proved reluctant to surrender landholdings. supply of and the demand for labor market opportunities The report, therefore, considers practical alternatives for women, potentially helping to stem India’s declining that have emerged, such as land trading among public female labor force participation rate. institutions. Land exchange can clear the way for 18 The World Bank in India • January 2014 completion of important urban infrastructure projects, WPS 6656 without requiring public landowners to declare their Input usage and productivity in Indian manufacturing property “surplus” and suitable for market disposition. plants By Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Stephen D O’Connell This paper analyzes the scale and productivity WPS 6664 consequences of varied input use in Indian manufacturing Inventory of public land in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India using detailed plant-level data. Counts of distinct By Shirley Ballaney, Marie-Agnes Bertaud, Patricia material inputs are higher in urban settings than in rural Clarke Annez and Vasudha Thawakar locations, unconditionally and conditional on plant This paper pilots an approach to identifying, categorizing, size, and they are also higher in the organized sector and mapping public land owned by the central, state, than in the unorganized sector. At the district level, and local government in urban developed areas of higher input usage in the organized sector is generally Ahmedabad. The methodology uses information on plot observed in wealthier districts and those with greater sizes, location, and ownership that is publicly available literacy rates. If looking within states, the usage is more for all areas covered by town planning schemes. closely associated with electricity access, population density, and closer spatial proximity to one of India’s The study examines the extent of unutilized and largest cities. Plants in the organized sector utilizing a underutilized public land, which excludes all cemeteries, greater variety of inputs display higher productivity, with parks and gardens, heritage buildings, slums, utilities, the effects mostly concentrated among smaller plants infrastructure land, and industrial estates. Unused with fewer than 50 employees. For the unorganized land already earmarked for public purposes were also sector, there is little correlation of input counts and local excluded from the valuation exercise. The potentially conditions, for better or for worse, and a more modest marketable land so identified was valued at both link to productivity outcomes. official rates and estimated market rates. The value of potentially marketable excess land is significant – in per capita terms, the high-value scenario substantially WPS 6648 exceeds the estimate of total infrastructure investment Specialization, diversity, and Indian manufacturing needs for the next 20 years prepared by an expert growth committee of the Ministry of Urban Development of the By Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Ishani Tewari Government of India. This paper examines the specialization and diversity of manufacturing industries within Indian districts. WPS 6659 Prior to India’s recent economic growth and liberalization, Effects of early-life exposure to sanitation on specialization levels in 1989 were substantially higher childhood cognitive skills: Evidence from India’s total than similar metrics calculated for the United States. sanitation campaign From 1989 to 2010, average specialization levels for By Dean Spears and Sneha Lamba Indian districts declined to a level that is now quite comparable to the United States. Diversity levels similarly Early life health and nutrition shape childhood and increased. Specialization and diversity levels in India adult cognitive skills and human capital. In poor are becoming more persistent with time. Manufacturing countries—and especially in South Asia—widespread plants display higher productivity in districts that display open defecation without making use of a toilet or both properties. latrine is an important source of childhood disease. This paper studies the effects on childhood cognitive achievement of early life exposure to India’s Total Other Publications Sanitation Campaign, a large government program that encouraged local governments to build and promote Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial use of inexpensive pit latrines. In the early years of the Inclusion program studied here, the TSC caused six-year-olds exposed to it in their first year of life to be more likely By World Bank Group to recognize letters and simple numbers. Price: $35.00 Global Financial The results suggest both that open defecation is an Development Report important threat to the human capital of the Indian English; Paperback; labor force, and that a program feasible to low capacity 222 pages governments in developing countries could improve Published November 7, average cognitive skills. 2013 by World Bank ISBN: 978-0-8213-9985-9 SKU: 19985 The World Bank in India • January 2014 19 Financial inclusion can be a driver of economic growth Risking Your Health: Causes, Consequences, and and poverty alleviation, and many individuals and firms Interventions to Prevent Risky Behaviors are excluded unnecessarily from even basic financial Edited by Damien de services. About half of the world’s adult population, Walque which is more than 2.5 billion people have no bank Price: $25.95 account. Barriers such as cost, travel distance, and Human Development amount of paperwork and requirements play an Perspectives important role. Many of these barriers can be addressed English; Paperback; by better policies. 204 pages Despite the high interest, there are still important gaps in Published November 18, knowledge about financial inclusion, what drives it, and 2013 by World Bank what policies affect it. And while recent years have seen ISBN: 978-0-8213-9906-4 some increases in financial inclusion, there is still much SKU: 19906 scope to reduce barriers to access. However, one of Choices by individuals the challenges is that efforts to increase inclusion, if not to engage in risky behaviors that endanger their health implemented well, can backfire. Deeply ingrained social include using illicit drugs, smoking, overconsuming problems cannot be resolved purely with an infusion alcohol, overeating that can lead to obesity, and of debt. If not done properly, it can have the opposite practicing unsafe sex. The consequences of these effect, making poor borrowers increasingly dependent choices go beyond the individuals and constitute on debt, and even contributing to financial instability. important threats for public health. Traditionally Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial associated with high-income countries, these behaviors Inclusion takes a step back and re–examines financial have become increasingly prevalent in low- and middle- inclusion from the perspective of new global datasets income countries. and new evidence. It builds on a critical mass of new Risking Your Health: Causes, Consequences, and research and operational work produced by World Interventions to Prevent Risky Behaviors explores how Bank Group staff as well as outside researchers and those choices are formed and what their consequences contributors. are. Why do people engage in risky behaviors? Many The report, the second in this series, follows up different explanations have been proposed by experts on the inaugural issue, Rethinking the Role of in psychology, sociology, economics, or public health. the State in Finance (http://www.worldbank.org/ One trait common to all these behaviors is a disconnect financialdevelopment). between the pleasure or satisfaction they provide and the consequences they entail. Planning, Connecting, and Financing Cities–Now: Priorities for City Leaders Inclusion Matters: The Foundation for Shared Prosperity By World Bank Price: $25.95 By World Bank English; Paperback; New Frontiers of Social 128 pages Policy Published January 21, 2013 English; Paperback; by World Bank 298 pages ISBN: 978-0-8213-9839-5 Published November 26, SKU: 19839 2013 by World Bank ISBN: 978-1-4648-0010-8 Planning, Connecting, SKU: 210010 and Financing Cities–Now distills lessons from prototypes of urbanization Placing the discussion diagnostics which reflect challenges for countries at of social inclusion within nascent (Uganda, Vietnam), intermediate (China, India, global transitions and Indonesia), and mature (Brazil, Colombia, South Korea, transformations, the report argues that social inclusion Turkey) urbanization. These diagnostics under the is an evolving agenda. While it does not purport to World Bank’s Urbanization Review program have provide definitive answers as to how to achieve social engaged strategic counterparts, such as those in inclusion in any given context, the report offers an easy- national ministries of finance and planning, in thinking to-use definition and a framework to assist practitioners about policy choices that influence urbanization and in asking, outlining and developing some of the right city development. questions that can help advance the agenda of inclusion in different contexts. 20 The World Bank in India • January 2014 Little Data Book on Financial Development 2014 ransom payment has been made. It follows the money through a system of filters that enable the money to be By World Bank reinvested in further acts of piracy as well as in other Price: $15.00 business activities – both legitimate and criminal, such Global Financial Development human trafficking and it identifies pirate financiers as the Report main beneficiaries of these flows. Using financial and English; Paperback; economic data, and garnering evidence from interviews 234 pages; with relevant stakeholders who are or have been Published October 1, 2013 by involved with piracy, and with other regional actors, the World Bank study attempts to assess how the proceeds are moved, ISBN: 978-1-4648-0081-8 invested, and used. SKU: 210081 The Little Data Book on Financial Development 2014 is Annual World Bank Conference on Development a pocket edition of the Global Economics 2011: Development Challenges in a Post- Financial Development Database, published as part of crisis World the work on the Global Financial Development Report Edited by Justin Yifu Lin 2014: Financial Inclusion. It contains 38 indicators of and Claudia Paz Sepulveda financial development in 205 economies, including Price: $35.00 measures of (1) financial depth, (2) access, (3) efficiency, Annual World Bank and (4) stability of financial institutions and markets. Conference on Development Additional variables, historical observations, and links Economics (Global) to underlying research are available at www.worldbank. English; Paperback; org/financialdevelopment. 406 pages Published October 11, 2013 by World Bank Pirate Trails: Tracking the Illicit Financial Flows from ISBN: 978-0-8213-8522-7 Pirate Activities off the Horn of Africa SKU: 18522 Price: $25.95 The Annual World Bank Conference on Development World Bank Studies Economics 2011: Development Challenges in a Post- English; Paperback; crisis World (ABCDE) presents papers from a global 126 pages gathering of the world’s leading development scholars Published November 14, and practitioners held May 31 - June 2, 2010. Paper 2013 by World Bank themes include: Environmental Commons and the Green ISBN: 978-0-8213-9963-7 Economy, Post-crisis Development Strategy, the Political SKU: 19963 Economy of Fragile States, Measuring Welfare, and It is estimated that US$339 Social Programs and Transfers. million to US$413 million was claimed in ransoms between April 2005 and December 2012 as a result Unlocking Commercial Financing for Clean Energy in of acts of piracy off the Horn of Africa. The effects of East Asia twenty-first century piracy off the coast of Somalia are By Xiaodong Wang, felt far and wide by individuals and institutions in the Richard Stern, Dilip Limaye, region and beyond. Piracy hurts those forced to endure Wolfgang Mostert and the ordeal of hijacking and has a financial impact on Yabei Zhang economies many miles from Somalia itself. Directions in Development Just as few commentators have examined the true Price: $34.95 nature of the pirates, little attention has been paid English; Paperback; to tracking and disrupting the financial flows from 314 pages piracy. The focus has been on securing the ships that Published Oct 2013 pass through Somali waters and where apprehended, by World Bank prosecuting and incarcerating the captured pirates. ISBN: 978-1-4648-0020-7 The global community has made very little effort to take SKU: 210020 collective action to track, detect, disrupt and confiscate Unlocking Commercial Financing for Clean Energy in the proceeds of piracy. East Asia was written for government decision makers Pirate Trails tracks the financial flows resulting from in middle and high-income countries, members of piracy and aims to identify what happens once a international financing communities, and practitioners. The World Bank in India • January 2014 21 In East Asia, all middle-income countries have national ISBN: 978-0-8213-9837-1 targets for energy efficiency and renewable energy, and SKU: 19837 some even have targets for carbon reduction. However, Energizing Green Cities in Southeast Asia lays out a major hurdle to achieving a sustainable energy path a blueprint for transforming EAP cities to global is mobilizing the required financing. Policy makers must engines of green growth by choosing energy efficient determine how to unlock commercial financing to scale solutions to their infrastructure needs. It urges national up clean energy investments. and municipal governments to reform institutions, build capacity, and strengthen energy planning and governance in order to mainstream energy efficiency on Weather and Climate Resilience: Effective a citywide scale and introduce low-carbon policies in Preparedness through National Meteorological and fast-growing cities in the EAP Region which will define Hydrological Services the Region’s energy future and its GHG footprint. This By David P. Rogers and book is based on case studies undertaken in three pilot Vladimir V. Tsirkunov cities – Cebu City (the Philippines), Da Nang (Vietnam), Price: $25.95 and Surabaya (Indonesia), which illustrate the use of an Directions in Development – energy efficiency platform—SUEEP (sustainable urban Public Sector Governance energy and emissions planning)—for the identification English; Paperback; and prioritization of green investments across all major 152 pages infrastructure sectors. Published October 7, 2013 It presents the SUEEP process as a framework for by World Bank collaboration between municipal governments, ISBN: 978-1-4648-0026-9 stakeholders, private investors and financing institutions SKU: 210026 in achieving the green growth objectives at the city level. Weather and Climate Resilience underscores the It also provides step-by-step guidance on the SUEEP urgent need to strengthen National Meteorological framework in the form of a Guidebook to help a city and hydrological services, especially in developing develop its own energy and emissions plan and link its countries, and provides cost-benefit estimates of the aspirations to actionable initiatives to improve energy return that countries can hope to achieve. It also offers efficiency and reduce emissions. a recommended approach that has been tested and implemented in Europe, Central and South Asia, and other countries. Learning from Economic Downturns: How to Better Assess, Track, and Mitigate the Impact on the Health This book takes an important step in this process by Sector increasing the awareness of development agencies and national governments of the role of World Meteorological By Xiaohui Hou, Edit V. Organization (WMO) and NMHSs in reducing the Velényi Abdo S.Yazbeck, impact of hydrometeorological hazards and improving Roberto F. Iunes and national economic performance. It synthesizes recent Owen Smith experiences of the World Bank and Global Facility Price: $25.95 for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), the Directions in Development – WMO (World Meteorological Organization), and other Human Development development partners. English; Paperback; 190 pages Published October 11, 2013 Energizing Green Cities in Southeast Asia: Applying by World Bank Sustainable Urban Energy and Emissions Planning ISBN: 978-1-4648-0060-3 SKU: 210060 By Dejan R. Ostojic, Ranjan K. Bose, Holly Krambeck, How do economic downturns affect the health sector? Jeanette Lim and Yabei And what can health policy makers do to respond to Zhang the challenges posed by volatile economies? Learning Price: $34.95 from Economic Downturns: How to Better Assess, Track, Directions in Development and Mitigate the Impact on the Health Sector addresses – Agriculture and Rural these and other questions. It proposes a more effective Development role for the health sector in the face of economic English; Paperback; uncertainty to better protect population health and 340 pages provide a safety net during a crisis. Published October 7, 2013 Despite increasingly volatile global economic cycles, by World Bank 22 The World Bank in India • January 2014 there have been limited efforts to gather systematic World Bank Study, initiated in 2012 after an extended evidence and develop policy frameworks that would stocktaking exercise, to explore the effects of Financial guide decision makers seeking to ensure the health Management Information Systems (FMIS) on publishing sector’s resilience in difficult economic times. Learning reliable open budget data, as well as the potential from Economic Downturns raises awareness of the improvements in budget transparency. A rich data challenges that health systems in both developing and set was created by visiting the government public developed countries face and discusses how they can finance web sites in 198 economies, and collecting be addressed. evidence on the use of 176 FMIS in publishing open budget data. This study is not intended to develop The book provides an assessment, tracking, and another index or ranking on budget transparency. mitigation (A.T.M.) framework with which governments The scope is limited to the budget data disclosed by and policy makers can better prepare to meet the the governments on the web for the details of budget challenge of health sector stabilization. revenues and expenditures, as well as the results achieved. Financial Management Information Systems and The study shows that, as of today, only a small group Open Budget Data: Do Governments Report on of governments provide opportunities to the citizens, Where the Money Goes? civil society groups or oversight agencies for access to reliable, accurate, and meaningful open budget By Cem Dener and Saw data from underlying FMIS solutions. However, there Young (Sandy) Min is an increase in demand from citizens and civil society Price: $25.95 for improved and complete open budget data about World Bank Studies all financial activities, and many governments around English; Paperback; the world are trying to respond to this democratic 192 pages pressure. Published October 11, 2013 by World Bank ISBN: 978-1-4648-0083-2 SKU: 210083 Financial Management Information Systems and Open Budget Data: Do governments report on where the money goes? is a World Development Indicators database A s part of an effort to expand global access to the World Bank Open data, 70 of the most popular indicators from the World Development Indicators database (WDI) have been translated into 17 local languages and made available in 24 country pages. They include Albanian, Bahasa Indonesia, Bulgarian, Hindi, German, Japanese, Korean, Macedonian, Mongolian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese. Consequently, country pages for Albania, Angola, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Germany, Guinea Bissau, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Rep., Korea, Dem Rep, Macedonia, Mongolia, Mozambique, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sao Tome and Principe, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, The download file not only contains data, but also and Vietnam have been updated with this new provides translated indicator names and metadata feature allowing users to easily download WDI descriptions, as seen in the link for Brazil. data for selected 70 indicators in their own local language. http://data.worldbank.org/country/india/hindi The World Bank in India • January 2014 23 India Project Documents Technology Center Systems Project Project ID P147864 Date 12 December 2013 Report No. ISDSC6197 (Integrated Safeguard Data Sheet) Project ID P145502 PIDC2299 (Project Information Document) Report No. PIDA2562 (Project Information Document) Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and ISDSA5337 (Integrated Safeguard Water Bodies Restoration and Management Project Data Sheet) E4376 (Environmental Assessment, 2 Vol.) Date 27 November 2013 Project ID P090768 Uttrakhand RWSS Additional Financing Report No. 82985, 82988, 82545, 82995, 82998, 82990, 82311 (Procurement Plan) Date 12 December 2013 Project ID P148009 Uttrakhand Decentralized Watershed Development II Report No. ISDSA7051 (Integrated Safeguard Project Data Sheet) Date 10 November 2013 PIDA2535 (Project Information Document) Project ID P131235 Third Elementary Education Project Report No. PIDA1291 (Project Information Document) ISDSA4103 (Integrated Safeguard Date 07 December 2013 Data Sheet) Project ID P144447 Report No. E4384 (Environmental Assessment, 2 Vol.) Improving Development Programs in Tribal Areas ISDSC3769 (Integrated Safeguard Date 30 October 2013 Data Sheet) Project ID P145058 Second Karnataka Watershed Development Project Report No. 82593 (Project Information Document) 82594 (Integrated Safeguard Data Sheet) Date 03 December 2013 Project ID P122486 Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Report No. 83112 (Procurement Plan) Project Date 22 October 2013 National Vector Borne Disease Control and Polio Eradication Support Project Project ID P118826 Report No. ISDSA885 (Integrated Safeguard Date 03 December 2013 Data Sheet) Project ID P094360 PIDA2352 (Project Information Document) Report No. RES12890 (Project Paper) IPP589 (Indigenous Peoples Plan) E4005 (Environmental Assessment) Accelerating Universal Access to Early and Effective Tuberculosis Care Rajasthan Road Sector Modernization Project Date 01 December 2013 Date 01 October 2013 Project ID P148604 Project ID P130164 Report No. PIDC2510 (Project Information Document) Report No. 81594 (Project Information Document) ISDSC6388 (Integrated Safeguard Data Sheet) Second Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project IPP680 (Indigenous Peoples Plan) E4370 (Environmental Assessment) Date 01 October 2013 Project ID P050653 UP Core Road Network Development Project Report No. 82572 (Procurement Plan, 2 Vol.) Date 27 November 2013 24 The World Bank in India • January 2014 World Bank Policy Research Working Papers WPS 6730 By Christoph Lakner and Branko Milanovic Crime and growth convergence: Evidence from Mexico WPS 6718 By Ted Enamorado, Luis F. Lopez-Calva and Carlos Size and age of establishments: Evidence from Rodriguez-Castelan developing countries WPS 6729 By Meghana Ayyagari, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Intrinsic motivation, effort and the call to public service Maksimovic By Sheheryar Banuri and Philip Keefer WPS 6717 WPS 6728 Escaping the capability trap: Turning “small” Opportunity-sensitive poverty measurement development into “big” development By Paolo Brunori, Francisco Ferreira, Maria Ana Lugo By J. Edgardo Campos, Benjamina Randrianarivelo and and Vito Peragine Kay Winning WPS 6727 WPS 6716 Stunted growth: Why don’t African firms create more Risky business: Political instability and greenfield jobs? foreign direct investment in the Arab world By World Bank By Martijn Burger, Elena Ianchovichina and Bob Rijkers WPS 6726 WPS 6715 Can subjective questions on economic welfare be Decomposing the recent inequality decline in Latin trusted? Evidence for three developing countries America By Martin Ravallion, Kristen Himelein and Kathleen By Joao Pedro Azevedo, Gabriela Inchauste and Viviane Beegle Sanfelice WPS 6725 WPS 6714 Evidence gap maps - a tool for promoting evidence- A comprehensive analysis of poverty in India informed policy and prioritizing future research By Arvind Panagariya and Megha Mukim By Birte Snilstveit, Martina Vojtkova, Ami Bhavsar and WPS 6713 Marie Gaarder Decentralized beneficiary targeting in large-scale WPS 6724 development programs: Insights from the Malawi farm The benefits of solar home systems: An analysis from input subsidy program Bangladesh By Talip Kilic, Edward Whitney and Paul Winters By Hussain A. Samad, Shahidur R. Khandk, M. WPS 6712 Asaduzzaman and Mohammad Yunus International tradability indices for services WPS 6723 By Erik van der Marel and Ben Shepherd The impact of high school financial education: WPS 6711 Experimental evidence from Brazil Exporter dynamics, firm size and growth, and partial By Miriam Bruhn, Luciana de Souza Leao, Arianna year effects Legovini, Rogelio Marchetti and Bilal Zia By Andrew B. Bernard, Renzo Massari, Jose-Daniel WPS 6722 Reyes and Daria Taglioni The method of randomization, economic policy, and WPS 6710 reasoned intuition North-South standards harmonization and By Kaushik Basu international trade WPS 6721 By Anne-Celia Disdier, Lionel Fontagne and Olivier Cadot Macro prudential policies from a micro prudential angle WPS 6709 By World Bank Getting incentives right: An impact evaluation of WPS 6720 district hospital capitation payment in Vietnam Clean-development investments: An incentive- By Ha Thi Hong Nguyen, Sarah Bales, Adam Wagstaff compatible CGE modeling framework and Huyen Dao By Christoph Bohringer, Thomas F. Rutherford and WPS 6708 Marco Springmannc Employing skilled expatriates: Benchmarking skilled WPS 6719 immigration regimes across economies Global income distribution: From the fall of the Berlin By Dieter De Smet Wall to the great recession The World Bank in India • January 2014 25 WPS 6707 WPS 6695 Starting a foreign investment across sectors Strengthening economic rights and women’s By Christian De la Medina Soto and Tania Ghossein occupational choice: The impact of reforming Ethiopia’s family law WPS 6706 By Mary Hallward-Driemeier and Ousman Gajigo Business environment, economic agglomeration and job creation around the world WPS 6694 By George Clarke, Yue Li and Lixin Colin Xu Incentives and teacher effort: Further evidence from a developing country WPS 6705 By Hai-Anh H. Dang and Elizabeth M. King Some thoughts on making long-term forecasts for the world economy WPS 6693 By Shahrokh Fardoust and Ashok Dhareshwar Coping with urban fiscal stress around the world By Jean-Jacques Dethier WPS 6704 Removing impediments to sustainable economic WPS 6692 development: The case of corruption Trade facilitation and country size By Augusto Lopez Claros By Mohammad Amin and Jamal Ibrahim Haidar WPS 6703 WPS 6691 The social impact of financial crises: Evidence from Dutch disease and spending strategies in a resource- the global financial crisis rich low-income country – the case of Niger By Inci Otker-Robe and Anca Maria Podpiera By Delfin S. Go, Sherman Robinson, Karen Thierfelder and Robert Utz WPS 6702 A randomized, controlled study of a rural sanitation WPS 6690 behavior change program in Madhya Pradesh, India Women’s movements, plural legal systems and the By Sumeet R. Patil, Benjamin F. Arnold, Alicia Salvatore, Botswana constitution: How reform happens Bertha Briceno, Jr. John M. Colford and Paul J. Gertler By Tazeen Hasan and Ziona Tanzer WPS 6701 WPS 6689 Framework for the reform of education systems and Unilateral facilitation does not raise international labor planning for quality migration from the Philippines By Harry Anthony Patrinos, Eduardo Velez and Catherine By Emily Beam, David McKenzie and Dean Yang Yan Wang WPS 6688 WPS 6700 Market facilitation by local government and firm Shared prosperity and the mitigation of poverty: In efficiency: Evidence from China practice and in precept By Robert Cull, Lixin Colin Xu, Xi Yang, Li-An Zhou and By Kaushik Basu Tian Zhu WPS 6699 WPS 6687 Why resilience matters - the poverty impacts of A systemic analysis of land markets and land disasters institutions in West African cities: Rules and practices By Jun E. Rentschler – the case of Bamako, Mali By Alain Durand-Lasserve, Maylis Durand-Lasserve and WPS 6698 Harris Selod Product market policies in Romania: A comparison with EU partners WPS 6686 By Donato De Rosa, Mariana Iootty, Florina Pirlea, The organization of political parties and the politics of Arabela Aprahamian and Alexandru Stanescu bureaucratic reform By Cesi Cru and Philip Keefer WPS 6697 Functional literacy, heterogeneity and the returns to WPS 6685 schooling: Multi-country evidence Can free provision reduce demand for public services? By Tazeen Fasih, Harry Anthony Patrinos and Chris Evidence from Kenyan education Sakellariou By Tessa Bold, Mwangi Kimenyi, Germano Mwabu and Justin Sandefur WPS 6696 Attracting foreign direct investment: What can WPS 6684 South Asia’s lack of success teach other developing Banking in Africa countries? By Thorsten Beck and Robert Cull By David M. Gould, Congyan Tan and Amir S. Sadeghi Emamgholi 26 The World Bank in India • January 2014 WPS 6683 vulnerability, job security, and relative incomes Unlocking land values for urban infrastructure finance: By Alexander Krauss and Carol Graham International experience – considerations for Indian WPS 6671 policy Admission is free only if your dad is rich! Distributional By George E. Peterson effects of corruption in schools in developing countries WPS 6682 By M. Shahe Emran, Asadul Islam and Forhad Shilpi SME contributions to employment, job creation, and WPS 6670 growth in the Arab world What have we learned from the enterprise surveys By Sahar Nasr and Ahmed Rostom regarding access to credit by SMEs? WPS 6681 By Veselin Kuntchev, Rita Ramalho, Jorge Rodriguez- A conceptual model of incomplete markets and the Meza and Judy S. Yang consequences for technology adoption policies in WPS 6669 Ethiopia Travel channel meets discovery channel or how By Donald F. Larson and Daniel Zerfu Gurara tourism can encourage better export performance and WPS 6680 diversification in Nepal Benchmarking container port technical efficiency in By Jose Guilherme Reis and Gonzalo Varela Latin America and the Caribbean: A stochastic frontier WPS 6668 analysis How much is the Amazon worth? The state of By Javier Morales Sarriera, Gonzalo Araya, Tomas knowledge concerning the value of preserving amazon Serebrisky and Cecilia Briceno-Garmendia et.al. rainforests WPS 6679 By Peter H. May, Britaldo Silveira Soares-Filho and Jon Dynamic climate policy with both strategic and non- Strand strategic agents: Taxes versus quantities WPS 6667 By Larry Karp, Sauleh Siddiqui and Jon Strand The connection between Wall Street and Main Street: WPS 6678 Measurement and implications for monetary policy Creating and using fiscal space for accelerated By Alessandro Barattieri, Maya Eden and Dalibor development in Liberia Stevanovi By Hans Lofgren WPS 6666 WPS 6677 Excluding the rural population: The impact of public Green industrial policies: When and how expenditure on child malnutrition in Peru By Stephane Hallegatte, Marianne Fay and Adrien Vogt- By Gissele Gajate-Garrido Schilb WPS 6665 WPS 6676 Capturing the value of public land for urban Product relatedness and firm exports in China infrastructure: Centrally controlled landholdings By Sandra Poncet and Felipe Starosta de Waldemar By George E. Peterson and Vasudha Thawakar WPS 6675 WPS 6664 Can political empowerment help economic Inventory of public land in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India empowerment? Women leaders and female labor force By Shirley Ballaney, Marie-Agnes Bertaud, Patricia participation in India Clarke Annez and Vasudha Thawakar By Ejaz Ghani, Anandi Mani and Stephen D. O’Connell WPS 6663 WPS 6674 Perverse supply response in the Liberian mining sector Dissecting foreign bank lending behavior during the By Grahamm Errol G. 2008-2009 crisis WPS 6662 By Moon Jung Choi, Eva Gutierrez and Maria Soledad Firm competitiveness and the European Union Martinez Peria emissions trading scheme WPS 6673 By Hei Sing Chan, Shanjun Li and Fan Zhang Is workfare cost-effective against poverty in a poor labor-surplus economy? 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