93959 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) Ministry of Environment and Forests 101 Old Ban Bhaban Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh 5th Floor Building no. 6, Bangladesh Secretariat Mohakhali Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1212 www.bccrf-bd.org www.bccrf-bd.org All BCCRF Annual Report publications are downloadable at: www.bccrf-bd.org Standard Disclaimer: This report has been discussed with the Government of Bangladesh and the BCCRF development partners but does not bear their approval for all its contents, especially where the Bank has stated its judgment/opinion/ recommendations. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are based on staff analysis and recommendations and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. Design: Miki Fernández/ULTRAdesigns, Inc., Washington, DC BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND (BCCRF) Annual Report 2013 (January – December 2013) Prepared by The World Bank CONTENTS FOREWORD vii ACRONYMS viii 1. OVERVIEW 3 2. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 7 2.1 Overview of Program Management 7 2.2 Capacity Building 7 2.3 Results Framework 9 2.4 Communications 9 2.5 BCCRF Mid-Term Review 10 2.6 Coordination with Other Programs 11 2.7 Staffing 11 2.8 Financial Reporting 13 3. THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 19 3.1 Investment Projects 19 3.1.1 Review of Project Proposals 19 3.1.2 Sites of Projects under Implementation and Preparation 19 3.1.3 Details of Projects Approved by the MC for Preparation 22 (1) Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project) 22 (2) Secretariat for BCCRF (Capacity Building Project Phase I) 23 (3) Community Climate Change Project (NGO Window) 25 (4) Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change 27 (5) Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project 28 (6) Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project) 29 (7) Modern Food Storage Facilities Project 30 3.2 Analytical and Advisory Activities (AAAs) 31 3.2.1 Review of Analytical and Advisory Activity Proposals 31 3.2.2 Details of Analytical and Advisory Activities Approved by the MC 32 (1) Impacts of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector 32 (2) Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation 33 (3) Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam 35 (4) Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka 36 (5) Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards 37 (6) Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling 38 4. REFERENCES 40 ANNEXES 45 Annex 1. BCCRF Governance and Roles 47 Annex 2. Results Framework (June 2013) 49 Annex 3. BCCRF Reporting Framework (December 31, 2013) 53 Annex 4. Communications 57 TABLES Table 1. Investment Projects Disbursed in 2013 4 Table 2. Investment Projects Approved in 2013 4 Table 3. Reporting in 2013 4 Table 4. Dates of Key Events 7 Table 5. Development Partners’ Contributions to BCCRF (as of December 31, 2013) 14 Table 6. Activities Approved by MC by December 31, 2013 15 Table 7. Sites of Projects under Implementation and Preparation 20 Table 8. List of MoEF Secretariat Staff 24 Table 9. Agreed Actions and Status as of December 31, 2013 24 Table 10. Selected Types of Zones and Districts 25 Table 11. List of AAAs 31 Table 12. Proposed Annual Work Plan (2014) 72 BOXES Box 1. Key Dates 3 Box 2. Vision Statement 7 FIGURES Figure 1. BCCRF Governance Structure and Roles 47 MAPS Map 1. Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund: Projects under Implementation and Preparation 21 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2014 69 FOREWORD It is my pleasure to present the annual report of reduce climate risk and cope with unavoidable impacts. achievements made in 2013 under the Bangladesh The above reports shed new light on the risks that Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). Many Bangladesh faces if the world does not limit greenhouse milestones were reached in 2013. After a series gas emissions. Global warming takes on a new of intensive discussions, we agreed on the results significance once one examines its local implications framework. The Capacity Building Project made good for our country. The risks from higher temperature, progress during 2013. In addition to myself as project sea-level rise, and changed patterns of river flows and director, eight staff members came on board at the rainfall combine to affect agriculture, human health, BCCRF Secretariat in the Ministry of Environment and settlements, and infrastructure to the detriment of the Forests. Four investment projects under the BCCRF economy and especially the poor. Even without climate began disbursing, and one analytical activity was nearing change, the future damages from extreme weather completion. Currently, the BCCRF has committed are likely to increase because, as incomes rise, the funding for 11 local nongovernmental organizations projected value of assets in high-risk areas will increase. under the Community Climate Change Project. This adds to the case for resilience to avoid the risk that climate change will “undo” recent and future gains in For the climate change agenda, two key reports were poverty reduction and economic development. issued in 2013—the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment Report and the World In conclusion, I would like to acknowledge the continued Bank’s Turn Down the Heat. Both studies reveal long- confidence and encouragement of our development term implications of climate change for Bangladesh partners. On behalf of the BCCRF Secretariat, I convey and its people (IPCC 2013; World Bank 2013). Both my best wishes and sincere gratitude to them. paint a dismal scenario of the future as climate change continues to take its toll. The Earth faces a temperature rise of at least 2° Celsius above preindustrial levels, OVERVIEW requiring firm and coordinated actions. The two reports remind us that we collectively are at the forefront of Dr. Mohammad Nasiruddin the challenges facing our country. Joint Secretary (Development) Project Director, BCCRF Secretariat The Government of Bangladesh has long acknowledged Ministry of Environment and Forests the need to act and has plans and measures in place to Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh vii BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF ACRONYMS AAA analytical and advisory activity IDCOL Infrastructure Development Company ADB Asian Development Bank Limited AusAID Australian Agency for International IFC International Finance Corporation Development IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate BCCRF Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund Change BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and IUFR interim unaudited financial report Action Plan KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau BCSD bias-corrected spatial disaggregation LCG Local Consultative Group on Environment BFD Bangladesh Forest Department and Climate Change BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board LGED Local Government Engineering Department CCA climate change adaptation MC Management Committee CCCP Community Climate Change Project MoA Ministry of Agriculture CCFVI coastal city flood vulnerability index MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests CEA cost-effective analysis MoFDM Ministry of Food and Disaster Management CNA communication needs assessment MoH Ministry of Health DAE Department of Agricultural Extension MoWR Ministry of Water Resources DFID Department for International Development MOU Memorandum of Understanding DNCC Dhaka North City Corporation MTR mid-term review DRM disaster risk management NGO nongovernmental organization DSCC Dhaka South City Corporation NIE national implementing entity DWASA Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority PKSF Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (Rural ECNEC Executive Committee of National Economic Activities Support Foundation) Council PM Program Manager ECRRP Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and PMU program management unit Restoration Project RAJUK Rajdhani Unnayan Kartipakkha (Dhaka City ERD Economic Relations Division Development Authority) EU European Union RERED Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the Development United Nations Sida Swedish International Development FY fiscal year (July 1–June 30) Cooperation Agency GAAP governance and accountability action plan SRES Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, GC Governing Council IPCC GCM global climate model TA technical assistance GIZ Gesellschaft fuer Internationale TTL task team leader Zusammenarbeit UNDP United Nations Development Programme GoB Government of Bangladesh UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on HoA heads of agencies Climate Change ICDDR,B International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease USAID U. S. Agency for International Development Research, Bangladesh WHO World Health Organization IDA International Development Association WMO World Meteorological Organization viii 1 OVERVIEW 1 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © BCCRF 2 1 OVERVIEW Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the potential impacts of climate change. Box 1. Key Dates To address this challenge, Bangladesh launched its first May 31, 2010 MOU signed Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in July 6, 2010 DFID and Denmark sign 2008 and revised it in 2009. The plan seeks to build a contribution to BCCRF medium- to long-term program for enhancing resilience November 8, 2010 Sweden signs contribution to BCCRF to climate shocks and facilitating low-carbon, sustainable December 6, 2010 Switzerland signs contribution growth. The BCCSAP identified six main pillars: (1) food to BCCRF security, social safety, and health; (2) comprehensive December 15, 2010 EU signs contribution to BCCRF disaster management; (3) infrastructure; (4) research and February 23, 2011 1st MC meeting knowledge management; (5) mitigation and low-carbon April 13, 2011 2nd MC meeting development; and (6) capacity building to address climate April 25, 2011 3rd MC meeting change impacts on various sectors of development. May 19, 2011 1st GC meeting To support implementation of the BCCSAP, development October 13, 2011 4th MC meeting partners—the U.K. Department for International November 16, 2011 5th MC meeting Development (DFID), Denmark, Sweden, and the May 1, 2012 AusAID signs contribution to European Union (EU)—established the Bangladesh BCCRF Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). In May 2010, May 3, 2012 USAID signs contribution to BCCRF the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) and these four June 7, 2012 6th MC meeting development partners jointly signed a Memorandum June 12, 2012 2nd GC meeting of Understanding (MOU). Switzerland became a July 5, 2012 7th MC meeting development partner in December 2010, while the December 12, 2012 MC members vision statement Australian Agency for International Development meeting (AusAID) and the U.S. Agency for International January 30, 2013 9th MC meeting Development (USAID) joined in 2012. Together with April 17, 2013 10th MC meeting supplemental contributions by Sweden and Switzerland June 19, 2013 3rd GC meeting in 2012, the total amount pledged as of the end of 2013 November 24, 2013 Mid-term review starts was approximately US$187 million. Box 1 presents the key dates. The BCCRF is owned and managed by the GoB. The guidance, while the Management Committee (MC), led Governing Council (GC), comprising a core group of by the secretary of the Ministry of Environment and cabinet ministers of the government, civil society, Forests (MoEF), reviews grant requests, among other and donor representatives, provides overall strategic responsibilities (see annex 1 for BCCRF governance and 3 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF roles). The BCCRF Secretariat, anchored in the MoEF, the Modern Food Storage Facilities Project. The grant works in close collaboration with the World Bank. agreement for the Solar Irrigation Project, which is co- On behalf of the contributing development partners financed by the International Development Association and in consultation with the GoB, the World Bank is (IDA) Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy executing due diligence requirements for the BCCRF Development (RERED) Project II, was signed in September (including fiduciary management, transparency, and 2013. The project became effective on December 19, and accountability) for a limited duration. The BCCRF is disbursement is scheduled to start in March 2014. designed such that all investment projects are recipient- executed grants—that is, they are executed by the GoB Table 2. Investment Projects Approved in 2013 and its designated agencies or other eligible institutions. Committed The Bank is executing analytical and advisory activities Projects approved by GC amount (US$) Modern Food Storage Facilities Project 25.0 million (AAAs) as agreed jointly with the GoB. Rural Electrification and Renewable 24.5 million During the current reporting period (January–December Energy Development Project II (RERED 2013), several milestones were reached in program II), Solar Irrigation Project management: first, the MC met twice, the GC met once, As of December 2013, seven AAAs1 were ongoing, and both made significant decisions, such as endorsing for which stakeholder consultation was carried out the results framework and the project concept for intensively during 2013. One was planned to be Secretariat for the BCCRF Project Phase II (Capacity finalized in early 2014. Building Project Phase II). The mid-term review (MTR) of With regard to outreach activities, the BCCRF received the BCCRF started in November. The program manager media coverage through several national channels in to be based in Dhaka was appointed on November 1. Five 2013, which improved its visibility significantly. The professionals have been in place since late 2013 for the Annual Report 2012 was widely circulated and was BCCRF Secretariat at MoEF, and the MoEF joint secretary posted on the BCCRF website. The communications leads the Secretariat as the project director. strategy was being developed during the second half of At the project level, two investment projects began 2013, and three blog articles were posted. regular disbursements in 2013 (Table 1). The first For the current reporting period (January–December disbursement, under the Community Climate 2013), program and project status was reported to Change Project (CCCP), started in March 2013. As for stakeholders, as shown in Table 3. the Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project, regular disbursement started Table 3. Reporting in 2013 in August 2013. Reporting period Date of issuance October 1–December 31, 2012 January 22, 2013 Table 1. Investment Projects Disbursed in 2013 January 1–July 12, 2013 July 12, 2013 Total disbursement July 13–November 8, 2013 November 8, 2013 by December 31, November 9–December 31, 2013 January 26, 2014 Projects 2013 (US$) The details of achievements in 2013 are described in Community Climate Change Project 2.3 million subsequent sections. Climate Resilient Participatory 3.2 million Afforestation and Reforestation Project In January 2014, it became clear that one of the AAAs (Scaling 1 up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A In June 2013, the GC gave final approval to the two Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards) was similar in scope to research being conducted by projects listed in Table 2. On December 30, 2013, the Asian Development Bank. Because of the overlap, this the executive directors of the World Bank approved AAA will be canceled; see section 3.2.2 (5) for details. 4 2 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 5 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © BCCRF 6 2 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT in Table 4, stakeholders engaged in intensive consultation 2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM on issues such as the vision statement, results framework, MANAGEMENT and communications strategy, for which detailed minutes During the second half of 2012, stakeholders worked were prepared. The details of program management are diligently to agree on the ultimate objectives of the described in subsequent sections. BCCRF. On December 12, 2012, stakeholders agreed on a BCCRF vision statement (Box 2), which became the Table 4. Dates of Key Events guiding principle in developing the Capacity Building Date Events Project Phase II, the results framework, and the January 26 Heads of agencies (HoA) meeting communications strategy in 2013. January 30 MC meeting February A mission to facilitate development of 23–27 the results framework and preparation of Box 2. Vision Statement the Capacity Building Project Phase II A vision that: March 9–13 A mission to facilitate development of By 2020 the BCCRF will be a government led, the results framework and preparation of owned, and managed collaborative and sustainable the Capacity Building Project Phase II climate change financing mechanism, which is March 26–30 A mission to facilitate development of transparent and accountable, aimed at developing the results framework and preparation of capacity and resilience of the country to meet the the Capacity Building Project Phase II challenges of climate change. April 7 HoA meeting April 17 MC meeting BCCRF will support the implementation of the May 15 Local Consultative Group (LCG) meeting BCCSAP through an institutional framework by: May 20 LCG meeting 1. Providing a platform for coordination of BCCRF June 16 HoA meeting stakeholders and acting as a catalytic agent for June 19 GC meeting wider coordination June 30 HoA meeting 2. Serving as a climate fund, which also brings September A mission to facilitate development of innovation, harmonization, and added value to 23–26 the communications strategy the GoB’s climate change initiatives October A mission to prepare the Capacity 3. Serving as a financing mechanism to bring 1–11 Building Project Phase II global climate change funding to Bangladesh 4. Supporting implementation of prioritized, 2.2 CAPACITY BUILDING results-oriented climate change interventions that deliver sustainable outcomes particularly As shown in the BCCRF vision statement, there is a targeting the least resilient. clear understanding among stakeholders that capacity building is one of the critical building blocks of the BCCRF There were some notable achievements in program program. Annex 1 describes the governance structure management during 2013. In addition to the events listed and the current functions of institutions engaged in the 7 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF BCCRF program. It is envisioned that the functions of To conclude the consultation process, the Local the BCCRF Secretariat will be transferred gradually from Consultative Sub-Group on Environment and Climate the Bank team to the BCCRF Secretariat at MoEF so Change (LCG), co-chaired by the DFID and the MoEF, that the BCCRF will truly be “government led, owned, brought together donors and the GoB in May 2013 to and managed,” as indicated in the vision statement. To agree on a common platform for building capacity and this end, preparation of the Capacity Building Project coordinating climate initiatives under the leadership Phase II started in 2013. The intention was to build on of the MoEF. At that meeting, it was also agreed that the ongoing Secretariat for the BCCRF Project (Capacity the institutional form of the BCCRF and climate change Building Project Phase I) and to prepare Phase II in financing are under the purview of the government alignment with the BCCRF vision statement. and might take some time to develop fully. This project concept is aligned with the common framework and is To develop the project concept, in-depth discussions therefore well coordinated with relevant stakeholders were held over several months with the government, in the country and fully in line with the principles and donors contributing to the BCCRF, as well as other functions agreed by the LCG, which is an important donors and implementing agencies contributing to multiple-stakeholder platform in Bangladesh. capacity building for climate change in Bangladesh. The Swiss Embassy and the DFID contributed resources for Following virtual approval by members of the MC, developing the project concept. the project concept was presented to the GC on June © World Bank 8 19. In particular, the chair was of the opinion that On June 16, the final results framework was discussed the proposed budget of US$7 million for the Capacity at the HoA meeting, and it was agreed that the results Building Project Phase II needed to be smaller during framework in its current form would be piloted over the project preparation since the majority of BCCRF funds next several months, after which it would be reviewed had to be allocated for poverty reduction interventions and output indicators would be dropped or changed, as and actions on the ground. Subsequently, the GC necessary. approved the project concept and requested that the Finally, the GC members discussed and endorsed the project team revisit the budget. results framework on June 19 (the final framework is The first preparatory mission for this Capacity Building attached as Annex 2). A monitoring report based on the Project Phase II visited Dhaka from October 1 to 10, and results framework will be prepared annually, and the the Bank and the MoEF agreed as follows: (1) the MoEF first annual monitoring report is attached as Annex 3. will initiate discussions to secure a full-time director This annual monitoring report captures the verification (joint secretary level) for the Capacity Building Project of the reporting framework done during recent months Phase II, and (2) the Bank will conduct rapid needs to ensure that target values and output indicators are assessments on institutional and fiduciary aspects. appropriate and data are easy to collect. Detailed terms of reference for such assessments were prepared, and relevant consultants were selected as 2.4 COMMUNICATIONS of the end of 2013. The institutional assessment is scheduled to be finalized by March 2014. Communications strategy: Subsequent to agreeing on the results framework, the process of developing a communications strategy was started during the 2.3 RESULTS FRAMEWORK second half of 2013. Experience since 2010 has shown The results framework was seen to serve as an that strategic communications could be of support to important accountability tool for donors to ensure that achieving the ambitious goals set by BCCRF. To come up activities support the broader objectives and vision with a realistic communications strategy, stakeholders of the BCCRF. The BCCRF vision statement agreed needed to agree on key elements such as the scope of among stakeholders in December 2012 was the first core audiences, the vision of BCCRF, associated human step towards the development of a results framework, resources, and budget and timeframe to implement the and subsequently, a lead monitoring and evaluation communications strategy. specialist at the World Bank headquarters traveled As the first step, a rapid communication needs to Dhaka from February 16 to 27 to facilitate the assessment (CNA) was conducted. A series of individual discussion. During the meetings held in late February to and group meetings were held in Dhaka; consultations discuss the results framework, stakeholders expressed were conducted with a range of stakeholders satisfaction with the progress made and requested that representing various groups and interests, including consideration be given to devising achievable outputs members of the BCCRF Secretariat at the MoEF, that can be monitored on an annual basis. representatives of the development partners, national A subsequent version of the results framework was and international civil society organizations, journalists, prepared on March 30 to deepen the discussion among the CCCP team at the Palli Karma–Sahayak Foundation the development partners and the MoEF. On April 17, (PKSF), and officials from the Asian Development Bank key elements of the results framework were discussed (ADB), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), at the MC meeting. A final draft consisting of (a) a results the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), road map, (b) a BCCRF reporting framework, and (c) a and the World Bank. The CNA benefited from both the results measurement guide was circulated on May 8. information and insight they shared with the BCCRF 9 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF communications team. The USAID team also shared “Becoming a ‘Forest Savior’: Community Participation the proposed publication and stationery guidelines for for Conservation” (November 4, 2013). The Bangladesh BCCRF, underlining the case for developing a unique Forest Department (BFD) and the afforestation team identity for this program. prepared an article based on interviews with project beneficiaries in Cox’s Bazar. The article highlights improved The initial draft communications strategy was circulated livelihoods through stable employment at nurseries and to development partners and the GoB on November greater awareness of the consequences of illegal felling. 8; based on the feedback, a draft was revised by December 9. As of December 31, 2013, the draft was “Bangladesh: The Most Climate Vulnerable Country” being reviewed by the Bank team. (November 21, 2013). During the Warsaw Climate Change Conference, Arastoo Khan, additional Blog articles: During the reporting period, three blog secretary at the Economic Relations Division (ERD), articles related to the BCCRF were posted on the BCCRF wrote an article saying that the BCCRF program was website and the Bank’s external website. (All blog an operational financial mechanism, but that it did articles in full are included in Annex 4.) not have the necessary funds. He appealed to the “Saving Lives from Cyclone Mahasen in Bangladesh” international community to fund the BCCRF program so (June 16, 2013). The Local Government Engineering that it could develop further. Department (LGED) and the cyclone shelter team explained how increased preparedness minimized the 2.5 BCCRF MID-TERM REVIEW loss of life and property when cyclone Mahasen hit In the process of developing the implementation Bangladesh on May 17. The cyclone caused 17 fatalities manual in 2011, the BCCRF stakeholders agreed that, and damaged about half a million households, but after two years of implementation, the BCCRF requires damages could have been much greater if resilience a mid-term review (MTR). The goal of the assignment and preparedness had not been improved through the is to provide recommendations to facilitate the best cyclone shelter program. way forward for BCCRF in terms of programmatic and 10 operational implementation. The review process was climate change–related database (knowledge bank). initiated when the terms of reference and discussion The UNDP supports the Planning Commission in its paper were circulated among stakeholders in October role as overseer of all government programs and has 2013. The MTR will take place in two phases: contributed to the Public Expenditure Review on Climate Change. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ■■ In the first phase, independent consultants will has carried out a comprehensive needs assessment conduct a technical evaluation of the programmatic of climate change capacity building for the MoEF and and operational aspects of the BCCRF and provide has submitted a proposal to the MoEF for developing recommendations on meta-level questions a capacity-building plan, which is likely to attract USAID indicating the value added by the BCCRF. funding. The Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale ■■ In the second phase, the Bank will facilitate Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) has allocated about EUR 4 million, the process by establishing consensus with the principally to support the MoEF. The DFID played an GoB and development partners on the priority important role in developing the BCCSAP. recommendations, future work plan, and To avoid overlapping efforts, in-depth discussions administrative issues linked to the BCCRF. were held over several months with the government, The development partners and the Bank jointly civil society, BCCRF donors, as well as other donors evaluated several candidates for the consultancy and and implementing agencies contributing to capacity agreed to give this MTR assignment to a team consisting building for climate change in Bangladesh. of a U.K.-based expert and a Dhaka-based expert, both To conclude the consultation process, the Local with rich experience in evaluating trust-funded programs. Consultative Sub-Group (LCG) on Environment and The assignment given to the team comprised the Climate Change, co-chaired by the DFID and the MoEF, following: (i) examine the programmatic aspects of the brought together stakeholders on two occasions in May BCCRF, including the vision, results framework, capacity- 2013 to agree on a common platform for building capacity building plan, communications strategy, and evaluation and coordinating climate initiatives under the leadership criteria; (ii) review the status of the constituent projects of the MoEF. This resulted in an agreement on the in the BCCRF with respect to the pace of implementation overall approach, 10 principles, a set of 9 functions, and and added value of the operations; (iii) address the larger a common process on which to pursue capacity building meta questions around BCCRF such as the added value (see the LCG website: http://www.lcgbangladesh.org). of the fund and its alignment with the BCCSAP; and (iv) prepare a report on recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the fund. 2.7 STAFFING The new program manager officially came on board on The consultants started the assignment on November November 1 and was scheduled to relocate to Dhaka in 24. A second mission took place in mid-January 2014, mid-January 2014. The task team leadership of relevant and the MTR is scheduled to be completed in early 2014. trust funds was transferred from the interim program manager to the new program manager as of November 2.6 COORDINATION WITH OTHER 30, 2013, and the new manager became the task team PROGRAMS leader (TTL) for the Capacity Building Project (Phases I Many bilateral and multilateral assistance initiatives seek and II). to build capacity with regard to addressing climate change Finally, the Bank’s task team consists of competent in Bangladesh. The ADB supports targeted capacity- technical staff covering multiple disciplines as well as building initiatives on climate change, especially training serving as TTLs of BCCRF projects and AAAs. They are in certain sectors, and plans to develop a comprehensive given below. 11 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © World Bank World Bank BCCRF core team: and financial due diligence during project preparation ■■ Interim program manager (January 1, 2013 until the and implementation: appointment of the new program manager), New Delhi ■■ Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction ■■ Program manager (appointed as of November 1, 2013), Washington, DC, and scheduled to relocate Project): lead water resources specialist to Dhaka in mid-January 2014 ■■ Community Climate Change Project: environmental ■■ Senior environmental specialist, Washington, DC specialist (part-time) ■■ Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and ■■ Senior monitoring and evaluation specialist, Dhaka Reforestation Project: senior environmental specialist (only until December 31, 2013) ■■ Secretariat for BCCRF (Capacity Building Project ■■ Environmental specialist, Dhaka (part-time) Phase I): BCCRF (interim) program manager ■■ Communications short-term consultant, Dhaka ■■ Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project): ■■ Administrative support staff, Dhaka (part-time). senior energy specialist Project TTLs: In cooperation with project management ■■ Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate units (PMU) at implementing agencies of the Change: lead rural development specialist Bangladeshi government, the following TTLs provide ■■ Modern Food Storage Facilities Project: lead rural support from the Bank side to ensure technical, legal, development specialist. 12 In addition to the technical specialists who are TTLs, all of ■■ Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management the task teams include specialists for environmental and in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and social safeguards, financial management, procurement, Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards: senior legal due diligence, and administrative support. disaster risk management specialist Analytical work TTLs: ■■ Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling: ■■ Impact of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive lead environmental economist Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector: senior environmental economist 2.8 FINANCIAL REPORTING Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing During the reporting period, no supplemental financial ■■ Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation: lead contribution was made. The total amount pledged environmental economist remains the same as in the previous year. However, ■■ Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for because of fluctuations in the exchange rate, the dollar Construction of Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam: value of the pledged amount was slightly lower than water resources specialist the previous year (Table 5). Activities approved by the MC are presented in Table 6, and details are given in ■■ Eco-Engineering, Climate Adaptation, and Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation: senior Section 3. environmental specialist © World Bank 13 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Table 5. Development Partners’ Contributions to BCCRF (as of December 31, 2013) Pledges Deposits Amount Amount in pledged in pledged Ratio of unpaid Development currency Amount in currency Amount in contribution partners Currency (million) US$ (million) (million) US$ (million) (%) AusAID AUD 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.1 0% Denmark DKK 10.0 1.8 10.0 1.8 0% DFID GBP 60.0 96.0 43.0 66.4 28% EU EUR 28.5 37.1 14.3 18.5 50% Sweden SEK 130.0 19.3 130.0 19.3 0% Swiss CHF 11.4 12.6 5.4 8.2 35% USAID USD 13.0 13.0 9.0 9.0 31% Total 186.8 130.2 Note: 1. Numbers may not add up due to rounding. 2. Exchange rate: a. The exchange rate used for the pledged amount is as of December 31, 2013, and the fund volume in U.S. dollars is an indicative amount. b. Funds are converted from pledged currencies to U.S. dollars when deposited, and fully paid contributions are converted at the exchange rate actually used. 3. In addition to the resources shown, by December 31, 2013, the BCCRF had earned an investment income of US$889,313 since its inception. The entire investment income is correctly credited to the BCCRF and forms part of its current fund balance to be used for its purposes. © World Bank 14 Table 6. Activities Approved by MC by December 31, 2013 Amount Investment projects and responsible agencies (US$ million) Status as of December 2013 1. Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Disbursement rate was 56%, and the Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone construction of shelters was, on average, 70% 25.0 Shelter Construction Project), Local Government completed Engineering Division 2.1 Secretariat for BCCRF Phase I (Capacity Building Eight staff are on board; disbursement rate was Project Phase I), Ministry of Environment and 0.2 46% Forests 2.2 Secretariat for BCCRF Phase II (Capacity Building Project concept review was conducted in June Project Phase II), Ministry of Environment and 5.5a 2013; institutional assessment and a preparation Forests mission are planned for March 2014 3. Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) (NGO Disbursement started in March 2013; (17.0)b Window), Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation disbursement rate was 18% 4. Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Project concept review and Bank appraisal were Change, Department of Agriculture Extension, 22.8 scheduled for early 2014 Ministry of Agriculture 5. Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation Project became effective on July 2, 2013, and and Reforestation Project, Bangladesh Forest 33.8 regular disbursement started in August 2013; Department and Arannayk Foundation disbursement rate was 9% 6. Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Grant agreement was signed in September 2013 Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project), 24.5 for the first tranche of US$10 million Infrastructure Development Company Limited 7. Modern Food Storage Facilities Project, Ministry GC approval was obtained in June 2013; of Food and Disaster Management 25.0 the Bank Board approval was obtained on December 30, 2013 Analytical and advisory activities (AAA) 3.2c 1. Impact of climate change on climate-sensitive Scheduled to be finalized in January 2014 0.3 diseases and implications for the health sector 2. Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Supervisory mission took place in September 0.5 Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation 2013 3. Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for The final feasibility study was scheduled to be Construction of Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam 0.73 finalized by the end of 2013, but was delayed for three to four months 4. Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka 0.3 Project concept was under preparation 5. Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk A strategy was being developed to build on the Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to ADB’s ongoing study 0.2 Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards 6. Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making A workshop scheduled for late 2013 was 0.3 in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling postponed due to political unrest 157.03d 84% of total pledged amount Note: a. As described in section 2.2 above, the GC agreed that the proposed budget of US$7 million of the Capacity Building Project Phase II needed to be smaller and requested that the volume of funds be revisited during project preparation. The project is currently under preparation, and the figure for volume of funds is tentative. b. The GC approved allocating US$12.5 million for CCCP, but also agreed to reserve US$4.5 million in BCCRF resources so that it could be allocated to the CCCP as additional funding in the future; for this reason, the fund allocation for CCCP is shown as US$17 million. Refer to section 3.1.3 (3) for details. c. US$3.2 million for AAA is the amount allocated, not the total amount approved. d. Trust fund fee is calculated at 1% of total contributions, and program and project management fees are estimated to be US$4.1 million. 15 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © Mirva Tuulia Moilanen / World Bank 16 3 THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 17 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © Scott Wallace / World Bank 18 3 THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 3.1 INVESTMENT PROJECTS and Strengthening Resilience to Climate-Related Risks, by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). The BCCRF has been designed (except for AAAs, which At that time, MC members agreed to postpone the are Bank executed) so that all investments are recipient- proposal review. executed grants, that is, they are executed by the GoB, its designated agencies, or other eligible institutions. The Secretariat for the BCCRF Project Phase II (Capacity Building Project Phase II) is an integral part of the Of the recipient-executed grants, 10 percent are BCCRF program and vision statement. The task team allocated to the CCCP (NGO Window), and 90 percent started to develop the project concept note in February are executed by government institutions. Sections 3.1.1 2013. After intensive consultations among ministries to 3.1.3 describe the review of proposals during the and development partners, the project concept note reporting period and project status as of December 31, was finalized and endorsed at the GC meeting in June, 2013, for recipient-executed projects. as described in section 2.2. 3.1.1 Review of Project Proposals 3.1.2 Sites of Projects under There were no replenishments during 2013, and since a Implementation and Preparation large part of the funds were in the pipeline and already committed, only one project proposal was discussed. Table 7 shows the divisions and districts in which BCCRF This discussion took place during the MC meeting on investment projects are under implementation or April 17: Modernizing Hydrological Information Services preparation. 19 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Table 7. Sites of Projects under Implementation and Preparation Project Division District 1. Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Barisal Barguna, Pirojpur Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Khulna Khulna, Patuakhali, Satkhira Shelter Construction Project) 2. Secretariat for BCCRF Phase I (Capacity Dhaka Dhaka Building Project Phase I) 3. Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) Barisal Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Dhaka Jamalpur, Mymensingh Khulna Satkhira, Khulna, Jessore, Bagerhat, Chuadanga Rajshahi Kurigram, Nilphamari, Rajshahi, Natore, Naogaon 4. Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Climate (Sites were not finalized by the end of the reporting Change period) 5. Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation Barisal Barisal, Pakuakhali, Barguna, Bhola and Reforestation Project Chittagong Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, Feni, Noakhali, Lakshmipur 6. Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Barisal Barisal, Barguna, Jhalakhati, Patuakhali Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Chittagong Bandarban, Chandpur, Chittagong, Comila, Cox’s Project) Bazar, Feni, Khagrachari, Noakhali Dhaka Dhaka, Faridpur, Gazipur, Jamalpur, Kishoregong, Mymensingh, Narsindi, Sherpur Khulna Bagerhat, Chuandanga, Jessore, Jhenaidah, Khulna, Kushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Satkhira Rajshahi Bogra, Naogaon, Pabna Rangpur Dinajpu, Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Panchagarh, Rangpur, Thakurgoan Slylet Habiganj 7. Modern Food Storage Facilities Dhaka Narayanganj 20 Map 1. Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund: Projects under Implementation and Preparation IBRD 40792 BHUTAN BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE 88ºE 90ºE 89ºE NEPAL RESILIENCE FUND I N D I A Projects Under Implementation and Preparation Panchagar Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project) PANCHAGAR Secretariat for BCCRF Phase 1 (Capacity Building Project Phase 1) Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) 26ºN Thakurgaon LA LM Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project NILPHAMARI 26ºN THAKURGAON Nilphamari O N Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project) IR HA Lalmonirhat T Modern Food Storage Facilities DINAJPUR Kurigram Rangpur KURIGRAM DISTRICT CAPITALS DISTRICT BOUNDARIES Dinajpur RANGPUR DIVISION CAPITALS DIVISION BOUNDARIES NATIONAL CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES RIVERS Gaibandha GAIBANDHA 91ºE 92ºE JOYPURHAT SERPUR I N D I A NAOGAON Joypurhat Sunamganj 25ºN SYLHET 25ºN BOGRA Serpur Jamalpur NETROKONA SUNAMGANJ Sylhet Naogaon Bogra Netrokona RAJSHAHI JAMALPUR Mymensingh SYLHET NOWABGANJ MYMENSINGH Jamuna Nowabganj RAJSHAHI DHAKA Kishorganj HABIGANJ MOULVI BAZAR Serajganj Moulvi Bazar G an Rajshahi Natore SERAJGANJ KISHORGANJ ge NATORE TANGAIL s Habiganj Tangail GAZIPUR PABNA Pabna Gazipur NARSINGDI 0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers 24ºN 24ºN a Brahmanbaria gh n Narsingdi I N D I A Manikanj Me DHAKA KUSHTIA Kushtia NARAYNGANJ BRAHMAN BARIA 0 10 20 30 40 50 Miles Meherpur Rajbari MANIKGANJ MEHERPUR Chuadanga RAJBARI DHAKA Naraynganj Faridpur COMILLA CHUADANGA Jhenaidah Magura MUNSHIGANJ JHENAIDAH FARIDPUR G a n geMunshiganj MAGURA s Comilla CHANDPUR HARI SARIATPUR RACH Sariatpur Jessore Narail Madaripur Chandpur Khagrachhari KHAG JESSORE MADARIPUR NARAIL GOPALGANJ LUXMIPUR Feni KHULNA 23ºN Gopalganj NOAKHALI 23ºN FENI BARISAL Luxmipur Khulna Noakhali RANGAMATI Satkhira KHULNA Bagerhat PEROJPUR Jhalukathi Barisal Bhola C H I T TA G O N G SATKHIRA JHALUKATHI Rangamati Kaptai BAGERHAT Perojpur Lake BARISAL CHITTAGONG Patuakhali BHOLA a D e l t PATUAKHALI Chittagong s G a n g e Barguna BARGUNA Bandarban 22ºN s 22ºN ge Mt. Mowdok n s n (957 m) d a r b a Ga S u n t he BANDARBAN o f COX’S t h s BAZAR M o u Cox's Bazar BANGLADESH Bay of Bengal MYANMAR This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. 21ºN The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information 21ºN shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank GSDPM Map Design Unit Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 89ºE 90ºE 91ºE 92ºE MARCH 2014 21 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF 3.1.3 Details of Projects Approved by MC for Preparation (1) EMERGENCY 2007 CYCLONE RECOVERY AND RESTORATION PROJECT (MULTIPURPOSE CYCLONE SHELTER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT) Project number: P111272 Grant amount: US$25 million Responsible agency: Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) Background and objectives the BCCRF project was signed on August 8, 2011, the project planned to construct 55 new multipurpose Coastal regions, such as Barguna, have always been shelters, rehabilitate 40 existing shelters, and construct prone to disasters such as tropical storms and tidal 40-kilometer evacuation routes. The scope was waves. From 1980 to 2000, nearly 60 percent of deaths subsequently adjusted, and BCCRF support now aims worldwide from cyclones occurred in Bangladesh alone. to construct 61 new shelters. Road construction was With the effects of climate change likely to increase the scaled down to an 11.57-kilometer stretch, and funds frequency and severity of cyclones and other natural are being reallocated to other activities. disasters, Bangladesh needs to adapt to heightened uncertainty and be prepared for even the worst storms. To protect people from cyclones, Bangladesh has © BCCRF constructed a network of multipurpose shelters (for example, schools) and developed a community-based early warning system that has become a model for countries throughout the world. Schools, hospitals, and local government offices double as cyclone shelters and play a critical role in saving lives during cyclones and other natural disasters. Owing to the growing network of cyclone shelters and the early warning system, the number of fatalities in the 2007 cyclone Sidr was around 3,500, which is a significant decrease from 140,000 Updated status fatalities in the 1991 cyclone. When cyclone Mahasen hit Bangladesh in May 2013, The Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action the ECRRP shelters were occupied by 40,219 people Plan (BCCSAP) calls for the repair, maintenance, and and 4,307 livestock. Mahasen affected 8 coastal construction of additional cyclone shelters throughout districts with flooding and waterlogging and caused 17 the coastal zones of Bangladesh and estimates that 2,000 fatalities. However, according to the LGED, thanks to to 4,000 new shelters are needed. At its first meeting the ECRRP, the greater number of usable shelters this in June 2011, the GC approved a US$25 million grant year meant that the loss of life was much less than it for a project to address this issue, which was to be co- could have been. LGED executive engineer in Bhola, financed with an ongoing IDA project called Emergency Mr. S. M. Akbar Hossain, is quoted as saying (Annex 4), 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP) “Not only did the shelters house people; they were also (P111272). When the grant agreement (TF099305) for the safe point for relief activities, such as precautionary 22 stocking of dry food. These shelters provide a safe haven built in compliance with land use planning and during killer cyclones and during non-cyclone times environmental and social safeguards requirements. are used as primary schools targeting the ultra-poor, Under the BCCRF, one contract package in Pirojpur thus providing hope and mobility to the communities.” District (NW-13) had been completed as of September Specific features of the technical design are as follows: 30, 2013. At the end of 2013, about 70 percent of the ■■ Durability. The shelters are designed to withstand construction of new shelters had been completed, wind speeds of 260 kilometers per hour, are made and construction of one road in Barguna District of a reinforced frame with Factor of Safety 2.5, and (11.505 kilometers) had been 67 percent completed. have 60-grade deformed bars and stone aggregates Disbursement of this project started in January 2012, in the shelter foundation, footings, columns, beams, and the disbursement rate at the end of 2013 was 55 and so forth, making these structures sustainable percent. during severe cyclones. Also, the ECRRP shelters are However, work was stopped during the last few months built as three-story structures with provisions for of the peak construction period in 2013 due to political vertical extension in the future. unrest that resulted in transportation blockades, which ■■ Design. Design features such as separate floors for were particularly serious in some districts, such as livestock, separate rooms for pregnant women, Satkhira and Khulna. An extension to the grant closing gender-marked toilets, store rooms, enhanced toilet (BCCRF Grant no. TF099305) date from December 31, facilities with soak pits and septic tanks, emergency 2014, to December 31, 2015, is likely to be needed for water supply (tube wells), first aid facilities, solar completing the remaining disaster shelters. The IDA, lights, rainwater harvesting, and tree plantation are the parent for this BCCRF project, has already extended unique to the ECRRP shelters. Stakeholders provided the closing date from June 30, 2014, to December 31, inputs to the design and use of the shelters during 2015. normal times and during cyclones. Shelters were (2) SECRETARIAT FOR BCCRF (Capacity Building Project Phase I) Project number: P128445 Grant amount: US$0.2 million (phase I) Responsible agency: Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Background and objectives In February 2011, the MC approved establishing the Secretariat at the MoEF. In May 20, the GC approved The MOU signed in May 2010 states that a Secretariat this stand-alone project consisting of BCCRF resources will be established at the Climate Change Unit of the in the amount of US$0.2 million. A grant agreement MoEF to support the BCCRF program. The Secretariat’s main functions will include day-to-day support for for US$0.2 million was signed between the World Bank the MC and GC, screening of proposals, advocacy, and the ERD in November 2011. Since recruitment of communications, donor coordination, program- staff for the MoEF Secretariat was delayed, the World level monitoring and evaluation, and preparation for Bank BCCRF team initially performed a large part of and implementation of the eventual transfer of the the Secretariat functions. However, as the capacity and functions of the BCCRF Secretariat from the Bank to the number of MoEF Secretariat staff increase, functions MoEF. are being transferred gradually to the MoEF. 23 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Updated status director, and drivers and messengers funded by MoEF are also part of the team. The MoEF BCCRF Secretariat is located in the old “Ban Bhaban” building in Mohakhali, Dhaka, which is being Table 8. List of MoEF Secretariat Staff refurbished and is nearing completion. Procurement of goods such as computers, telephones, air conditioners, Title Appointed date and office furniture is ongoing. Disbursement of this Climate change technical adviser May 2013 project started in October 2012, and the disbursement Climate change managerial adviser October 2012 rate at the end of 2013 was 46 percent. Financial management consultant December 2013 Procurement specialist December 2013 As described in section 2.2, preparation of the Capacity Building Project Phase II started in 2013, and Junior consultant (administration) May 2013 a transitional arrangement should be considered to minimize the gap between the end of Phase I and the During the Bank’s implementation support mission start of Phase II. All of the staff members who were (October 1–11, 2013), the GoB and the Bank agreed scheduled to come on board for Phase I had been to improve the implementation of this project, which appointed by the end of 2013. In addition to the five is scheduled to be closed on December 31, 2014. The members shown in Table 8 funded under BCCRF, a agreed actions and the status as of December 31, 2013, joint secretary of the MoEF leads the team as project are shown on Table 9. Table 9. Agreed Actions and Status as of December 31, 2013 Issues Status as of December 31, 2013 Procurement and financial management consultants will Both consultants had been appointed as of December 1, be contracted no later than November 15, 2013 2013 Interim unaudited financial reports (IUFR): IUFRs were (The final IUFRs covering the four quarters during 2013 due for the periods ending September 2012 and March were submitted to the World Bank in mid-February 2014 2013. The project is yet to submit these IUFRs to the after a few corrections) Bank. IUFRs for the period ending September 2013 were due to be submitted by October 31, 2013, along with the two previous IUFRs. A consolidated progress report of the Secretariat for the The consolidated progress report covering 2012 and period ending September 2013 was due to be submitted January–October 2013 was submitted on November 13, to the Bank by November 15, 2013 2013 Procurement of goods and services contracts was due to Procurement is in progress. Refurbishment of the office be completed by January 31, 2013 space on the fifth floor of the Old Ban Bhaban building at Mohakhali is largely completed. 24 (3) COMMUNITY CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECT (NGO WINDOW) Project number: P125447 Grant amount: US$12.5 million Responsible agency: Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) Background and objectives When the GC approved the allocation of 10 percent of BCCRF resources to the CCCP in June 2011, total BCCRF The Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) is an resources were US$125 million. By the time of the GC important window that allocates BCCRF grant funds meeting in 2012, total resources had reached US$170 to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) through million. For this reason, GC members considered a competitive process to support community-driven whether to increase the amount allocated to the CCCP. interventions for climate change adaptation. The GC The GC recommended approving US$12.5 million for has designated the PKSF as the responsible agency for the project and reserving US$4.5 million as additional the CCCP. funding for the future. In June 2011, the GC approved the allocation of 10 percent of BCCRF resources, calculated as US$12.5 Updated status million. Of this amount, US$10 million was to fund The CCCP launching ceremony on November 17, 2012, subprojects in the three most climate-vulnerable zones was widely reported in the national media, and in in Bangladesh, as shown in Table 10. 2013, the PKSF screened 496 concept notes. Of these, The subproject proposals are also required to address at 30 NGOs were asked to submit detailed proposals, and least one of the six pillars of the BCCSAP. The subprojects 338 were told that their concept notes did not meet the will range from US$20,000 to US$1 million, and all will be minimum criteria. As of September 1, 2013, the CCCP completed three months before the project closing date signed the commitment to fund 11 subprojects with of CCCP. The proposals will also be reviewed for social a total amount of US$3.99 million (BDT 311,394,877), and environmental safeguards, including gender and which was widely reported in national newspapers social inclusion, as per Bank policy. Remaining funds of (Annex 5). As of December 31, 2013, the following US$2.5 million will be allocated to monitoring, learning, NGOs had received awards: and subproject refinement, through knowledge sharing and dissemination of lessons learned. ■■ RDRS Bangladesh Upon approval of this project in June 2012, the GC ■■ SatkhiraUnnayanSangstha (SUS) members discussed the volume of funds for the CCCP. ■■ Wave Foundation Table 10. Selected Types of Zones and Districts Types of zones Districts Saline-affected coastal zones Satkhira, Khulna, Jessore, Bagerhat, Patuakhali, Barguna Flood-affected areas and charlands Barisal, Cox’s Bazar, Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Bagerhat, Jessore, Khulna, Kurigram, Nilphamari Drought-affected or rain-scarce areas in northwestern Chuadanga, Jessore, Naogaon, Rajshahi, Satkhira, Natore Bangladesh 25 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF ■■ SKS Foundation rice varieties, supply of inputs to promote saline- ■■ GanaUnnayanKendra (GUK) tolerant vegetables, support to improve food security and livelihoods (ducks, poultry, goat, sheep rearing), ■■ NazrulSmritiSangsad (NSS) installation of rainwater harvesting systems at the ■■ Ashrai household level, installation of community-based ■■ National Development Programme solar irrigation systems, and support for cultivation of ■■ DakDiye Jai drought-resilient fodder. ■■ JhanjiraSamajKallyanSangstha (JSKS) The PKSF communicated transparently with the NGOs ■■ Jagrata Juba Shangha (JJS). whose concept notes were not adopted. Official letters were sent to 338 unsuccessful NGOs clearly indicating Activities to be supported under the BCCRF include the selection criteria they had not fulfilled. The rejection homestead plinth raising, repair of roads and criteria for the concept notes were also posted on the embankments with tree plantations, promotion of CCCP website. Out of the 338 NGOs, seven sought renewable energy such as installation of solar panels, further clarification, and the PKSF responded promptly. establishment of community grain banks to improve Disbursement of this BCCRF project started in March food security during lean periods, installation of tube 2013, and the disbursement rate at the end of 2013 wells for safe drinking water, slatted housing for goats was 18 percent. to improve livelihoods, training and exchange visits to improve resilience, promotion of flood-resilient Project website: http://www.pksf-cccp-bd.org/. Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) Working with the Community for Climate Change Adaptation 26 (4) SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Project number: P147043 Grant amount: US$22.8 million Responsible agency: Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) Background and objectives in the national context. The following are the key objectives: Climate change is likely to have significant negative impacts on Bangladesh’s agriculture—a sector ■■ Validate and replicate agricultural CCA technologies accounting for a fifth of the country’s gross domestic and practices targeting resource-poor smallholder product and employing more than half of its workforce. farmers in drought-, flood-, and saline-prone areas Immediate attention is needed to address issues of food ■■ Strengthen the capacity of the DAE and other insecurity, rural poverty, climate-induced relocation, stakeholders to undertake agricultural CCA for and mass rural-urban migration, which are possible climate change risk management and DRM. consequences of agriculture being affected by climate Develop community-based rural early warning change. ■■ systems in drought-, flood-, and salinity-prone areas The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) has taken the ■■ Enhance awareness raising, knowledge sharing, approach of shifting from response and relief to communications, and multiple-stakeholder proactive risk reduction. In this context, the DAE has engagement in agricultural CCA. been identifying, testing, and validating climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk management (DRM) options with the aim of mainstreaming them into Updated status national food security strategies and policies. The Bank team for the project was strengthened with the addition of a lead rural development specialist This BCCRF project, with US$22.8 million in funds to as the task team leader in early 2013. The team be implemented by the DAE, with technical assistance continued its regular technical and operational from the FAO, focuses on developing a working approach, replicating validated options for agricultural dialogue with the MoA, the DAE, and the FAO. The CCA, and pilot testing the development of viable local project is scheduled to have a concept review in early cropping adaptation practices in salinity-, flood-, and January 2014. An overview of the proposed project, its drought-prone areas. The project facilitates “demand- background, objectives, components, and institutional driven” and “learning by doing” approaches through arrangements, proposed as additional financing for the stakeholder capacity building, participatory adaptive ECRRP (P111272), will be presented and discussed at the research, dissemination of adaptation technology, and review. The following issues will also be discussed: the field demonstration to identify and implement viable closing of the agriculture component under the ECRRP; adaptation practices in close collaboration with local the closing date of the BCCRF (December 31, 2016) and communities. The implementation process will draw project results; the modalities for distributing input largely on experiences from previous pilot initiatives in the BCCRF project as compared to the modalities in the agriculture sector in Bangladesh, where the employed under the ECRRP; and geographic overlap extensive profiling of livelihood systems and training between the BCCRF project areas and the ECRRP and capacity-building elements have been prototyped agriculture component areas. 27 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF (5) CLIMATE-RESILIENT PARTICIPATORY AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECT Project number: P127015 Grant amount: US$33.8 million Responsible agency: Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) Background and objectives © Thinkstock.com Afforestation has benefits for both mitigating and adapting to climate change. Forests can reduce the global stock of greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration and act as a barrier against storm surges, thus saving lives and protecting communities vulnerable to climate change. In Bangladesh, forests have a significant role in adaptation. In coastal areas, foreshore afforestation is a proven cost-effective method of dissipating wave energy and reducing floods on embankments during storm surges. This was evident during the 1991, 2007 (Sidr), and 2009 (Aila) cyclones. The virtual absence of mangrove forests in coastal Chokoria and surrounding while afforestation in hilly areas improves soil stability, areas resulted in significant damage to property thus reducing the risk of landslides and erosion. and loss of life in 1991. In contrast, even scattered On April 13, 2011, the MC allocated US$25 million and unplanned afforestation on the foreshore of to afforest and reforest areas exposed to cyclones, embankments affected by cyclone Sidr substantially storm surges, and landslides. The aim is to afforest lessened the storm surge velocity, reducing damage and reforest 17,000 hectares and 2,500 kilometers and loss. of strip plantations in seven coastal and hilly districts Deforestation is also a major challenge in hilly areas of and to improve the livelihoods of forest-dependent Bangladesh. Along with heavy rainfall, deforestation communities by generating alternative activities. The causes soil erosion and serious landslides. In 2007, fund also supports innovative studies to improve forest deforestation aggravated the impact of a landslide in management in Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s second-largest city, Chittagong, which The GC and MC approved the increased allocation of caused nearly 900,000 houses to collapse. Change in US$33.8 million in June 2012 to cover higher costs of land-use patterns, encroachment of forest land, forest labor, travel, maintenance, monitoring and supervision, fires, uncontrolled and wasteful commercial logging, and community consultation as well as to fund the illegal felling of trees, conversion of forest land into alternative livelihood option component. grazing fields, and collection of wood for fuel are considered major reasons for rapid deforestation. Updated status Coordinated action is needed to counter deforestation. The grant agreement for this project was signed on Planting in coastal zones protects against storm surges, February 27, 2013, and a press release was prepared, 28 attracting wide media attention. The project became ef- A request for expressions of interest for materials fective on July 2, 2013, and the first implementation sup- such as bamboo, soil, and compost was advertised in port mission was conducted over the period of July 7–24. the national newspaper, the Financial Express, in mid- The main objectives of the mission were to review the November 2013. Terms of reference were prepared for project readiness and its first year’s implementation plan the project manager, financial management specialist, under each component. An extensive orientation pro- communication and information specialist, accounting gram was organized for concerned staff at the Bangla- specialist, and 20 field-level junior consultants. Requisite desh Forest Department and the Arannyak Foundation no-objections have been provided, and these positions as well as for stakeholders. The scope of the orientation have been short-listed. The request for expressions of included the project objectives, institutional arrange- interest for computers and printers was posted on the ments, approaches, species selection criteria, procure- BFD website, with a deadline of November 19, 2013. ment actions, financial management, environmental and Regular disbursement of this BCCRF project started in social safeguards, contract management, quality control, August 2013, and the disbursement rate at the end of reporting, monitoring of indicators for development and 2013 was 9 percent. outcome objectives, and a governance and accountabil- ity action plan. (6) RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT II (Solar Irrigation Project) Project number: P131263 Grant amount: US$24.5 million Responsible agency: Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) Background and objectives million people and clean cooking solutions to more than 1 million households. The co-financing arrangement Rain-fed agriculture was dominant in Bangladesh until with an IDA project expedited the formulation of the mechanized irrigation was introduced in the 1970s Solar Irrigation Project, and appraisal was completed to increase agricultural productivity and meet the two months after MC approval. demands of the growing population. Diesel-driven irrigation plays an important role given the low access The GoB established the IDCOL in 1997 to bridge to electricity in rural Bangladesh. As irrigation schemes the financing gap for developing infrastructure and became popular, fuel costs became a burden on rural renewable energy projects. IDCOL is responsible for households as well as on the national economy. As part implementing RERED II and, based on the current of the GoB strategy for addressing off-grid electrification, assessment for the Solar Irrigation Project, plans to mitigating climate change, and ensuring food security, finance 1,500 solar irrigation pumps. Of the US$24.5 in June 2012 the MC approved further preparation of a million in BCCRF funding, US$23 million will be used for Solar Irrigation Project to replace diesel-driven pumps a capital buy-down grant for the irrigation scheme, while with solar pumps. US$1.5 million will be used for technical assistance, This project is co-financed with RERED II (P131263), an which includes feasibility studies, site-specific due IDA project that is expected to provide electricity to 2.5 diligence, inspection and monitoring, training, and 29 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF impact assessment (baseline, mid-term, and final) for © BCCRF the irrigation scheme. The final listing of resources for RERED II is as follows: IDA, US$155 million; BCCRF, US$24.5 million; Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW), US$12.9 million; and USAID, US$7.6 million. BCCRF funds will be used solely for the solar irrigation component. Updated status The Bank Board approved RERED II on September 20, 2012, and the GC approved the Solar Irrigation Project at the June 2013 meeting. The grant agreement for the first tranche of US$10 million was signed in September 2013 (see Annex 4). As of December 19, 2013, conditions for effectiveness were satisfied, and the fund for this project became effective. Disbursement is expected to start in March 2014. (7) MODERN FOOD STORAGE FACILITIES PROJECT Project number: P120583 Grant amount: US$25 million Responsible agency: Ministry of Food and Disaster Management Background and objectives The project proposal submitted to the MC in June 2012 planned to install grain storage facilities to provide Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in food security for the most vulnerable 10 million people the world to natural disasters that are influenced by for three months after a natural disaster. The project climate change. During the past 20 years, 60 percent proposal included the following three components, of the worldwide deaths caused by disasters were in requiring a total fund of US$50 million: Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, cyclones generally travel Construction of two modern rice silos with auxiliary from the southwest toward the north-northeast and ■■ facilities (US$38.46 million) may hit anywhere along the southern coast. However, the severity of the cyclone depends on the depth of ■■ Rehabilitation of existing grain terminal facilities inundation and destruction, and if the storm hits the (US$4.89 million) coast during a high tide and a new or full moon, the ■■ Construction or upgrade of silo yards, approach depth of inundation may reach 6 meters, causing roads, and internal roads (US$0.61 million). colossal damage. Around 42 million people live in 19 vulnerable coastal districts, and they need food security, At the June 2012 MC meeting, the project proposal was especially after natural disasters. approved for further preparation under the following 30 conditions: (1) construct one silo instead of two, support to address knowledge gaps affecting reducing the total grant amount to US$25 million, and implementation of the BCCSAP. Through a consultative (2) consider establishing the facilities in Narayanganj. process, six knowledge gaps were identified in 2010: (1) impacts of climate change on vector-borne diseases Updated status and implications for the health sector; (2) natural disasters in a changing climate and the applicability of The GC approved this food storage project in June 2013, risk-financing instruments; (3) waterlogging of urban and the Bank approved it on December 30, 2013, as an areas in a changing climate and potential damage and IDA co-financed project. Financial resources include adaptation; (4) coastal zone in a changing climate and US$210 million from the IDA, US$25 million from the ingress of the salinity frontier; (5) assessment of the BCCRF, and US$5 million from project beneficiaries. threat of climate-induced out-migration from vulnerable BCCRF funds will be used to support the construction of areas; and (6) economic assessment of ways to improve a public silo in Narayanganj, with a storage capacity of energy efficiency and green growth in Bangladesh. The 50,000 tons to increase the grain reserve and improve following sections present an overview of the selection the efficiency of grain storage management. The grant process and the six AAAs that were approved by the MC agreement is expected to be signed by the end of fiscal and are under implementation. year (FY) 2014. IDA and BCCRF support the construction of eight public silos, and the Narayanganj silo under BCCRF aims to improve disaster preparedness of Dhaka 3.2.1 Review of Analytical and Advisory area, having the strongest strategic importance. Activity Proposals The process and selection in 2013: On November 12, 3.2 ANALYTICAL AND ADVISORY 2012, the MC approved a second round of proposals ACTIVITIES (AAAs) for AAAs after a 10-day virtual review (Table 11). The Collaborating closely with the GoB and other approval was endorsed at the MC meeting in January stakeholders, the World Bank provides analytical 2013. Table 11. List of AAAs Date of approval AAA proposal US$ million October 2011 (MC approved Impact of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Original 0.2; modification in November 2012) Implications for the Health Sector modified 0.3 October 2011 Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential 0.5 Damage and Adaptation June 2012 Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir 0.73 Char–Noakhali Cross Dam November 2012 Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka 0.3 November 2012 Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: 0.2 A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards November 2012 Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: 0.3 Spatial and Temporal Downscaling 31 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF 3.2.2 Details of Analytical and Advisory Activities Approved by the MC (1) Impacts of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector Project number: P143457 Grant amount: Originally approved US$0.2 million, increased by US$0.1 million to US$0.3 million Background: Climate change and increasing climate the implications of this assessment for the design of variability threaten the attainment of the Millennium prevention and treatment policies. As the GoB needs Development Goals in Bangladesh. Added to the to plan some of the health-related public expenditures climate risks are rapid population growth and fast and in advance, this type of analysis could influence policy unplanned urbanization, water scarcity, inadequate options in the next 10–15 years. safe water and sanitation facilities, high level of poverty, The analysis will also review existing health projects and and high prevalence of malnutrition. The impact of studies on the costs of health interventions (planned climate variability and extreme weather events on actions) to reduce the incidence of disease and related health is likely to become a major issue in Bangladesh mortality and morbidity, with a specific focus on areas in the coming decades. The 2008 Human Development that are expected to be most vulnerable to the health Report highlighted that changes in climate may alter the impacts of climate change. The study will test various distribution and incidence of climate-sensitive diseases, methodological approaches for estimating the costs including vector-borne and water-borne diseases. of dealing with major climate-sensitive diseases. The Important vector species (for example, mosquitoes) proposed research will make a major contribution to may increase the spread of vector-borne diseases, such better public health policy making in the context of as malaria, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, kalaazar, climate change adaptation in the region. encephalitis, and chickungunia to new and existing Methodology and data: The study will undertake the areas that lack strong public health infrastructure. following: Climate change is also likely to increase the incidence of water-borne infectious diseases and bring additional ■■ Quantify the impact of climate variability and stresses, such as dehydration, malnutrition, and heat- extreme events on the incidence of climate- related morbidity, especially among children and the sensitive diseases using econometric models elderly. A high priority for policy planning in the coming ■■ Project future health burdens, taking account of decades is to improve the ability of the health system population growth and estimating the population to deal effectively with the changing health risks both in at risk across space scale and spatial distribution. ■■ Estimate the costs of health adaptation, using Objective and expected outcome: To understand the project information to assess costs based on unit health implications of climate change, this component values multiplied by the target population living in will examine detailed data on rainfall, temperature, and vulnerable areas and by incidence of diseases extreme weather events in Bangladesh and analyze the links between climate variability and incidence of ■■ Estimate the costs of health adaptation, including climate-sensitive diseases. The second part will examine the costs of treating additional cases (reactive 32 adaptation) and the costs of taking preventive draft final report was prepared in close collaboration measures to reduce the incidence of disease with local counterparts: the Climate Change and Health (proactive adaptation) Promotion Unit at the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Estimate the costs of health adaptation, considering Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). ■■ health outcomes, type of intervention (treatment or prevention), expected reduction in the incidence This study was presented at a brown bag lunch at the of mortality and morbidity in relation to all World Bank headquarters in May 2013, which was identified vector-borne diseases, and geographic organized by the South Asia chief economist’s office. region where the impact is expected The feedback received was very positive. On October 9, 2013, a workshop was held in Dhaka to ■■ Use cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis to share the output of the AAA. The audience included assess whether these costs are reasonable the MoH, MoEF, think-tanks, research organizations, ■■ Use data from various sources, such as national and academics. It was organized jointly with the Cli- health surveys, weather station data, and various mate Change and Health Promotion Unit of the MoH. time-series disease-monitoring data. The study is expected to be finalized and launched in early 2014. Updated status: The final draft of the study was discussed with key stakeholders in October 2013. The (2) Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation Project number: P133511 Grant amount: US$0.5 million Background: Projections by the Inter-governmental It is anticipated that climate change will aggravate the Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the World vulnerability of major urban centers in Bangladesh Meteorological Organization (WMO) using various to floods (GoB 2009; Alam 2004). However, only two emissions scenarios suggest that the frequency and studies (Alam and Rabbani 2007; Huq and Alam 2003) intensity of climate extremes will increase in the have been conducted on urban vulnerability to floods, twenty-first century (WMO 2011; IPCC 2007). Heavily and a joint study by the Collaborative Research on Flood urbanized cities in low-lying deltas of Asia have been Resilience in Urban Areas and the Institute of Water identified as “hotspots” that are especially vulnerable Modeling is under discussion to address the vulnerability to climate risks (ADB 2008; IPCC 2007). In many such of Dhaka City to floods and flood management.1 A cities, flooding and waterlogging during the rainy season knowledge gap exists in the understanding of the are already recurrent annual occurrence. Furthermore, impacts of climate change on other urban centers, poor inhabitants of these urban centers are among especially the implications for marginalized segments the most vulnerable, as large and densely populated of society and adaptation alternatives. conglomerations of slums and shanties are invariably located in areas of unplanned and unregulated A literature survey identified a number of studies discussing the 1 development (World Bank 2010; UNFCCC 2008). possibilities and constraints for urban centers in adapting to climate change that may be applicable to Bangladesh (Huraera 2009; McGranahan, Balk, and Anderson 2007; Satterthwaite et al. 2007). 33 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Objectives and expected outcome: The project seeks ■■ Analyze the capacity and effectiveness of the to assess the capacity of Dhaka metropolitan area to city’s government to deal with natural disasters address current climate variability, predict climate (emergency prevention and preparedness, early change–induced flooding and waterlogging, forecast warning system, emergency evacuation system, changes in the depth and duration of location-specific notification procedure) vis-à-vis international waterlogging, and estimate potential damage. It will best practices and provide appropriate recommendations. also identify adaptation options and define key policy priorities for decision makers in dealing with the The analysis will be based on geo-coded data on assets impacts of climate change. and activities, digital elevation models, as well as data on rainfall and drainage. This analytical work will be Methodology and data: The analytical work will require conducted by various agencies and think-tanks of the following: Bangladesh in consultation with international experts. Evaluate the current knowledge base, including Updated status: A focus group discussion on potential ■■ historical climate information, coping strategies, adaptation measures for the greater Dhaka area, and local capacity to deal with natural disasters which was organized by the World Bank and the (especially related to flooding) BCCRF, took place at the BRAC University on May 30, 2013. Participants discussed in detail location-specific ■■ Analyze the adequacy of existing infrastructure to potential adaptation measures for urban flooding current climate variability in the current and changing climate for Eastern ■■ Assess climate change scenarios and their Dhaka, Western Dhaka-Goranchatbari, Western consequences Dhaka-Kalyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, Dhaka- Narayanganj-Demra, and Narayanganj. A summary of ■■ Quantify the likely magnitude of social, the discussion was prepared and shared electronically environmental, and economic damages expected with the MC on June 19, 2013. because of climate change and variability In September 2013, modeling of location-specific ■■ Identify the infrastructure and communities that inundation depths was finalized. The options for are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate adaptation suggested by the focus group are now change and variability being incorporated. In parallel, work is ongoing to compute potential damage for the housing sector ■■ Identify and assess appropriate alternative from urban flooding in Dhaka and to estimate the intervention scenarios and prioritize suitable costs of adaptation measures. The draft reports interventions according to their effectiveness in will be reviewed during April–September 2014, reducing vulnerability to the threats from climate the third stakeholders’ workshop is planned for change and variability, as well as the associated August 2014 (after Eid and Ramadan), and the final costs and implementation potential within the reports will be delivered in the last quarter of 2014. institutional setting of the city 34 (3) Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam Project number: P144068 Grant amount: US$0.73 million Background: Cross dams are structures between natu- management plan; development of the social impact rally accreted chars (or islands) or a char and the main- assessment and resettlement policy framework, if land. They are meant to accelerate the natural accretion needed; development of a procurement, operation, and process and increase land areas. The proposal of the maintenance monitoring and evaluation framework; Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) to con- financial management; and packaging of contracts and struct Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam was submitted for preparation of detailed design. In particular, the study the first round of review. While the MC acknowledged will investigate the following: the dam’s potential impact on development, it also ■■ Connectivity to be created between Urir Char Island noted that environmental impacts need to be studied and mainland further. A study initiated in August 2010 (with Professor Mead Allison, associate director, Institute for Geophys- ■■ Future accretion of new land to accommodate ics, University of Texas), revealed a considerable level of increasing population uncertainty in the results of the critical model. ■■ Climate-resilient infrastructure and livelihood While some recommendations were provided opportunities of island communities to improve the modeling, the project still carries ■■ Project benefits such as increased land for safeguard risks. During subsequent discussions and dwelling and production and direct overland road further consultation with Professor Ainun Nishat (vice communications for island dwellers chancellor of BRAC University), it was agreed that the BWDB should submit a request to the BCCRF to fund ■■ Negative impacts such as waterlogging in the preparatory studies for this dam rather than request Noakhali coast. funds for construction; the MC approved the proposal for such studies in June 2012. Updated status: The terms of reference for developing the feasibility study have been completed and reviewed by a Objectives and expected outcome: The main objective panel of multidisciplinary experts from the World Bank. The of the study is to update and finalize the detailed call for expressions of interest for consultancy was posted feasibility level of the Uri Char–Noakahli Cross Dam, on the United Nations Development Business website in tender designs in the first phase, and provide a January 2013. More than 20 firms expressed interest in detailed design and implementation plan. The detailed the consultancy. After a careful review by the BWDB, the feasibility report should include technical, institutional, Bank, and university experts, Haskoning DHV Nederland B. and economic analysis, social and environmental V. was selected through international competitive bidding impact assessment, and procurement and financial in October 2013. The inception report has been prepared management, among other aspects that are required and presented to the BWDB. Comments from the Bank to obtain project approval by the GoB. team and the BWDB are reflected in the final inception Methodology and data: The study will involve an report and will be accommodated in the preparation overall plan covering review of technical feasibility; phase. Delivery of the detailed feasibility report is expected economic analysis; updating of the environmental in December 2014. 35 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF (4) Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka Project number: P148929 Grant amount: US$0.3 million Background: According to the recent coastal city flood sustainable. Deliverables of this AAA include interim vulnerability index (CCFVI), which was developed outputs such as a review of international experience by researchers from the United Kingdom and the with adaptive management in a delta context and use Netherlands, Dhaka is among the most climate- of eco-engineering approaches to mitigate flood risk, vulnerable megacities in the world (Balica, Wright, and historical analysis of flood risk management within van der Meulen 2012). Some of the main risks associated a delta context in the greater Dhaka watershed, and with climate change in Dhaka include an increase in heat institutional and organizational capacity assessment of waves, exposure to tropical cyclones, and the frequency, flood risk mitigation in Dhaka. extent, and duration of flooding. The ongoing AAA on “Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing Climate” Methodology and data: The analysis will focus on the aims to assess the extent of increased flooding in the following: greater Dhaka area under different climate scenarios. ■■ Assess urban flood risks in a delta context. Based on Vulnerability to floods is exacerbated by high population a review of existing literature, extensive field visits, densities and vital infrastructure. The urban poor (living and stakeholder consultations, the study will assess in slums and shanty towns often situated in low-lying the main ecological and hydrological characteristics areas, working in the informal economy, and with few of the area at the level of the delta, peri-urban assets) are among the most vulnerable populations (GoB area, and city. 2009; World Bank 2010). With rapid and unplanned urbanization, their vulnerability is likely to grow unless ■■ Analyze the existing system for flood protection, appropriate adaptation measures are put in place. ecosystems management, and governance. This component will undertake an in-depth assessment Objectives and expected outcome: The main objective of infrastructural and other approaches currently of the proposed activity is to build on the results of being used to manage floods at the city level, the ongoing AAA “Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a the extent to which they have been effective, Changing Climate” and provide recommendations to the GoB for using innovative eco-engineering approaches challenges in the existing network of flood to mitigating flood risk and adapting to climate change management infrastructure, and associated costs of in the greater Dhaka area. Among the government, these interventions. in particular, this study will target Dhaka North City ■■ Design an eco-engineering pilot. Based on the Corporation (DNCC), Dhaka South City Corporation analysis conducted and extensive discussions (DSCC), Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority, the with stakeholders, the study will propose a pilot BWDB, and the Dhaka City Development Authority. demonstrating how flood risks can be reduced The study will be based on an in-depth analysis of through a combination of the following: the ecological and hydrological characteristics of the broader delta, peri-urban area, and city and the – Undertaking infrastructural, non-infrastructural, strategies and interventions for mitigating flood risks and ecosystems-based interventions, including that are being currently used. The goal is to develop modifying existing structures to improve the an innovative pilot activity that is cost-effective and capacity of river systems 36 – Identifying interventions that should be interventions and the feasibility of carrying them undertaken at different scales—at the city level, out in the current institutional context. in peri-urban areas, and at the broader delta Updated status: The MC approved the proposal in level November 2012, and a project concept note was still in – Assessing the impacts (reduced flood risks and draft status as of the end of 2013. A consultation mission other co-benefits) of innovative interventions is confirmed for the second week of February 2014. – Determining the costs and associated implementation arrangements of the proposed (5) Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards Project number: P130724 Grant amount: US$0.2 million Background: The GoB has not sufficiently managed the study will serve as a tool for the GoB as it develops long- fiscal risks associated with natural disasters and climate term comprehensive risk management practices. change because of the following issues related to the quality Methodology and data: The proposed study plans to and type of information available to decision makers: include the following four components. Inaccurate measurement of losses means that Component A: Natural disaster risk management data ■■ calculations are inaccurate and the direct and indirect economic and social costs of disasters are ■■ Current national disaster risk management strategy: not properly accounted for in fiscal policy. What are the challenges around the existing strategy? ■■ Complexity and uncertainty of risk analysis mean ■■ Legal framework for emergency declaration: What that it is difficult for decision makers to use is the legal framework for declaring a state of information. emergency? ■■ Lack of such data further compromises the ■■ National disaster response: What is the GoB’s development of risk-financing strategies, including response to natural disasters? reserve funds, contingent loan agreements, and ■■ Risk assessment and modeling: Have risk assessment affordable insurance. and modeling been done in Bangladesh? Objectives and expected outcome: The main objective ■■ Post-disaster needs assessment: How are post- is to analyze various institutional and financial aspects disaster needs assessed and by which GoB entity? for creating a disaster risk financing and insurance strategy for Bangladesh. The study will discuss a series Component B: Fiscal risk management of natural of complementary options for a national disaster risk disasters financing strategy, based on a preliminary fiscal risk ■■ Contingent liability of the GoB: What are the legal analysis and a review of the current budget management and stated contingent liabilities associated with of natural disasters in Bangladesh. The results of this disasters of the GoB? 37 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF ■■ Fiscal risk assessment of natural disaster shocks: Component C: Institutional roles and responsibilities at Is the GoB required to assess its fiscal exposure to the federal and local government levels natural disasters in its fiscal risk assessment? ■■ Institutional framework: What are the legal ■■ Ex post emergency budget reallocation: What is the financial responsibilities of central and local GoB’s ex post budget reallocation process? governments associated with natural disasters? ■■ Annual contingency budget: What portion of the ■■ Budget execution: Is there a special (streamlined) GoB’s annual budget is allocated to its contingency budget execution system in case of disasters? budget for unforeseen events and other contingent Component D: Domestic catastrophe insurance market budget lines? ■■ Property catastrophe insurance market: For what ■■ Ex post external assistance: What is the level of the perils or market segments is catastrophe insurance GoB’s dependency on external donors to finance available? natural disasters? ■■ Regulatory environment: Are insurance regulations ■■ Ex ante natural disaster financing: Is there a set domestically, or is there a regional regulatory dedicated budget line for natural disasters? body? ■■ Ex ante contingent debt: Does the GoB use any ■■ Agricultural insurance: Is agricultural insurance contingent debt instruments? (crop, livestock, forestry, and aquaculture) offered? ■■ Ex ante insurance for public assets: Does the GoB Updated status: The MC approved the proposal in purchase any insurance for public assets? November 2012. The team is considering building on a ■■ Risk transfer through capital markets: Does the GoB similar ongoing ADB study and will develop the project use any instruments to transfer risk directly to the concept after learning the status of the ADB study.2 capital markets? In January 2014, it became clear that this AAA was similar in scope to 2 research being conducted by the ADB. (6) Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling Project number: P146094 Grant amount: US$0.3 million Background: Climate change is a serious global despite significant technical advances in forecasts of threat. Initial experiences with adaptations in various global mean temperatures for the next two to three countries show that early adaptation is effective for decades, uncertainty about future climate variability avoiding damage, provided the projections of future at the subcontinental, national, and subnational climate change are sufficiently accurate. Delayed scales is still significant (IPCC 2007). Direct uses of adaptation, perhaps due to uncertainty, may lead the global climate model (GCM) outputs are often to greater subsequent costs. Hence, integration of not appropriate for adaptation planning due to climate risk information in planning is now a priority their coarse spatial and temporal resolution. Hence, for policy makers, public investment planners, bridging the gap between the resolution of climate © Andrew Biraj environmental agencies, and donors. However, models and regional and local processes poses a 38 major problem. In recent years, as policy makers are Component A: Temperature-based climate metrics calling for more information on local climate change ■■ Monthly mean of daily maximum/minimum scenarios, various statistical downscaling methods— temperatures for example, pattern scaling, weather generation, and empirical downscaling—are used to provide finer- ■■ Maximum/minimum temperature for the month resolution climate scenarios for modeling impacts. and year These downscaling methods are founded on statistical ■■ Maximum temperature exceeding the hottest 10 methods for characterizing present and future climate percent of all days per year behavior at regional scale and depend on GCM outputs to run future scenarios. ■■ Very warm/cold days (percent) Objectives and expected outcome: To understand ■■ Very warm/cold nights (percent) the implications of climate change, this AAA will draw on a partnership among the World Bank, the Nature ■■ Heat wave duration index. Conservancy, Climate Central, and Santa Clara University Component B: Precipitation-based climate metrics to produce statistical downscaled GCM projections Total precipitation for the month and the year for temperature and precipitation for Bangladesh on ■■ a spatial grid of 0.5° in latitude by 0.5° of longitude ■■ Largest number of consecutive dry days (approximately 50 by 50 kilometers) for the time periods (precipitation less than 1 millimeter) per year 1961–1999, 2046–2065, and 2071–2100. To capture the uncertainty of the extent of climate change, nine GCMs, ■■ Number of dry periods per month and year some with multiple runs for three different greenhouse ■■ Percent of wet days per year gas emission scenarios, will be considered. ■■ Precipitation percent per year Methodology and data: The daily time-scale bias- corrected spatial disaggregation (BCSD) downscaling ■■ Maximum five-day precipitation total per year method will be used. Wood et al. (2002, 2004) describe the monthly version of this method. A daily variant ■■ Simple daily precipitation index (mean daily of the BCSD similar to that of Abatzoglou and Brown precipitation on wet days). (2011) will be used. The downscaling, bias correction, Updated status: The MC approved the proposal in and trend preservation will use historically observed November 2012. A project concept note was prepared daily meteorological observation. The scope of study and circulated to the MC members on April 21, 2013. will include average (average climate value during The project concept note was virtually reviewed, and future time change), departure (difference between responses to the comments received during the review the historic baseline average climate value and process were filed by May 14, 2013. In June 2013, the future average climate value), and p-value (statistical team compiled downscaled projections for temperature significance of change between the historic baseline and precipitation on a spatial grid of 50–100 kilometers average climate value and future average climate for different future time periods using different climate value). models and alternative climate scenarios. A technical workshop planned for the last quarter of 2013 was postponed due to the political unrest. It is now planned for the first quarter of 2014. 39 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © Scott Wallace / World Bank 40 REFERENCES 41 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF REFERENCES Abatzoglou, J. T., and T. J. Brown. 2011. “A Comparison Huq, Saleemul, and Mozaharul Alam. 2003. “Flood of Statistical Downscaling Methods Suited for Wildfire Management and Vulnerability of Dhaka City.” In Applications.” International Journal of Climatology 31 Building Safer Cities: The Future of Disaster Risk, 121– (8): 1135–42. doi: 10.1002/joc.2312. 35. Disaster Risk Management Series 3, Paper 27211. Washington, DC: World Bank. ADB (Asian Development Bank). 2008. Climate Change ADB Programs: Strengthening Mitigation Huraera, J., 2009. “Urban Poverty, Adaptation to Climate and Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific. Manila: Asian Change, and the Built Environment.” Presentation Development Bank. made at the Third International Conference on Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change, Alam, Mozaharul. 2004. “Adverse Impacts of Climate Dhaka, Bangladesh, February 18–24. Change on Development of Bangladesh: Integrating Adaptation into Policies and Activities.” Capacity IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Strengthening in the Least Developed Countries 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science for Adaptation to Climate Change Working Paper Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth 1, International Institute for Environment and Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel Development, London; Bangladesh Centre for Advanced on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Studies, Dhaka. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Alam, Mozaharul, and M. D. Golam Rabbani. 2007. Press. “Vulnerabilities and Responses to Climate Change for Dhaka.” Environment and Urbanization 19 (1): 81–97. ––––––. 2013. “Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Balica, Stefania, Nigel George Wright, and Frank van der Panel on Climate Change.” In Climate Change 2013: The Meulen. 2012. “A Flood Vulnerability Index for Coastal Physical Science Basis. Geneva: IPCC Secretariat. Cities and Its Use in Assessing Climate Change Impacts.” Natural Hazards 64 (1): 73–105. McGranahan, Gordon, Deborah Balk, and Bridget Anderson. 2007. “The Rising Tide: Assessing the Risks GoB (Government of Bangladesh). 2009. Bangladesh of Climate Change and Human Settlements in Low Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009. Dhaka: Elevation Coastal Zones.” Environment and Urbanization Ministry of Environment and Forests. 19 (1): 17–37. 42 Satterthwaite, David, Saleemul Huq, Mark Pelling, World Bank. 2006. Managing Climate Risk: Integrating Hannah Reid, and Patricia Romero Lankao. 2007. Adaptation into World Bank Group Operations. Global Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas: The Environment Facility Program Paper 37462, World Possibilities and Constraints in Low- and Middle-Income Bank, Washington, DC. Nations. Human Settlements Discussion Paper, Theme: Climate Change and Cities 1. London: International ––––––. 2010. Climate Risks and Adaptation in Asian Institute for Environment and Development. Coastal Megacities: A Synthesis Report. Prepared in collaboration between the ADB, JICA, and the World UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Bank. Washington, DC: World Bank. Climate Change). 2008. “Physical and Socio-economic Trends in Climate-Related Risks and Extreme Events, ––––––. 2013. Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, and Their Implications for Sustainable Development.” Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience. Technical Paper FCCC/TP/2008/3, UNFCC, 20 November. Washington, DC: World Bank. WMO (World Meteorological Organization). 2011. Weather Extremes in a Changing Climate: Hindsight on Foresight. Geneva: WMO. Wood, Andrew W., Lai R. Leung, V. R. Sridhar, and Dennis Lettenmaier. 2004. “Hydrologic Implications of Dynamical and Statistical Approaches to Downscaling Climate Model Outputs.” Climatic Change 62 (1-3): 189–216. Wood, Andrew W., Edwin P. Maurer, Arun Kumar, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2002. “Long-Range Experimental Hydrologic Forecasting for the Eastern U.S.” Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (D20): ACL6.1–6.20. 43 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © Sjors737 | Dreamstime.com 44 ANNEXES 45 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF © BCCRF 46 ANNEXES Annex 1. BCCRF Governance and Roles GC’s primary responsibility is to provide guidance on the program’s strategic goals, including approval of The BCCRF is an innovative partnership of the GoB, project proposals, ensuring alignment with the GoB’s development partners, and the World Bank to climate change strategy, setting grant criteria, and address the impacts of climate change. Leadership providing guidance on the eventual transfer of the BCCRF in implementing the BCCRF rests with the GoB, in Secretariat function from the World Bank to the MoEF. collaboration with the development partners and the World Bank. The multidonor partnership is designed to Figure 1. BCCRF Governance Structure and Roles generate optimum impact with minimum transaction costs, enabling the GoB to channel grant funds to millions of Bangladeshis to strengthen their resilience to the effects of climate change. BCCRF’s governance structure consists of three tiers: (i) Governing Council (GC), (ii) Management Committee (MC), and (iii) Secretariat (figure 1). (i) Governing Council: The GC provides overall strategic direction and guidance to the BCCRF and ensures that it is aligned with the BCCSAP. It is a high-level committee chaired by the minister of environment and forests and comprises the ministers of agriculture, finance, food and disaster management, foreign affairs, water resource, and women’s and children affairs; secretaries from the Prime Minister’s Office, the MoEF, the ERD of the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Planning; two representatives from the contributing development (ii) Management Committee: The MC is a small partners; two representatives from civil society; and the technical committee chaired by the secretary of the country director of the World Bank Dhaka Office as an MoEF. Members include two other representatives observer. As of December 2013, the DFID and the Swedish from the MoEF (joint secretary for development and International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) deputy secretary for environment); one representative were chosen as development partner representatives. from the ERD (additional secretary) and one from the 47 Planning Commission (General Economic Division); two the BCCRF. The World Bank ensures that BCCRF resources representatives from the contributing development for project implementation and other activities are used partners; one representative from the World Bank; and in accordance with (a) economy, keeping costs low; (b) one representative from civil society. efficiency, ensuring that the BCCRF gets the most out of the expenditures; and (c) effectiveness, ensuring The MC’s primary responsibilities are to (1) carry out that monies are used for the intended purposes and detailed reviews of grant requests submitted by the toward the targeted results. To pursue these principles, Secretariat; (2) ensure that grant requests submitted the World Bank is performing three functions, as shown are in line with the agreed implementation manual; in Figure 1: (1) Secretariat function, as described in and (3) recommend projects to the GC. The MC also the paragraph above, (2) trustee function, and (3) task reviews and endorses the implementation manual, team function, which is performed by task teams led by the work program, budget allocations, and reports technical specialists (for example, agriculture, energy, prepared by the Secretariat for submission to the GC environment) as TTLs and team members (procurement prior to public dissemination. If funding is required for specialists, financial management specialists, safeguard project preparation, the MC recommends the amount specialists, and lawyers). to the GC. The World Bank was selected to perform these (iii) Secretariat: On February 23, 2011, the MC approved functions because of its extensive experience in the establishment of a BCCRF Secretariat at the MoEF so managing trust funds. As of June 30, 2013, the World that it may eventually administer BCCRF activities. The Bank Group held US$28.9 billion in trust, which is about GC approved an allocation of US$0.2 million on May the same level as the previous fiscal year. Among active 19, 2011, for establishing the Secretariat. As described trust funds of the International Bank for Reconstruction in section 3.1.3 (2), all the staff members who were and Development and the IDA, multidonor trust funds scheduled to come on board had been appointed by such as BCCRF account for 52 percent, and their share the end of 2013. In addition to the eight staff members, has increased for five consecutive years. In addition, a joint secretary of the MoEF was appointed as BCCRF the World Bank is well positioned to share its analytical project director as of July 2012. and technical advisory experience on international best The BCCRF Secretariat’s main functions include practices in development. Hence, it is also providing day-to-day support to the MC and GC, advocacy, analytical work, knowledge management, and technical communications, donor coordination, program-level assistance for implementing the BCCSAP via BCCRF. monitoring and evaluation, and preparation and (vi) National implementing entities: As shown in Figure implementation of the eventual transfer of BCCRF 1, Bangladesh currently does not have institution(s) Secretariat functions from the Bank to the MoEF. Since that can directly access financial resources such as the the recruitment of Secretariat staff was delayed, the Adaptation Fund established under the Kyoto Protocol. World Bank BCCRF core team initially performed a In climate change finance, institutions that have the large part of the Secretariat function, but as Secretariat capacity to access funding directly are called national staff are hired, the Bank team will build their capacities implementing entities (NIEs). As of December 2013, 15 to carry out the functions of the Secretariat. Among countries had NIEs accredited under the Adaptation the functions listed in Figure 1, the BCCRF Secretariat Fund of the Kyoto Protocol. The GoB needs to choose will screen proposals, coordinate pipeline projects, an NIE candidate because this approach will increase and coordinate GC and MC meetings as soon as their the level of ownership, oversight, and involvement in capacity is built. adaptation activities and create stronger accountability (v) Roles of the World Bank: The World Bank is of the country to funds such as the BCCRF and greater responsible for satisfying due diligence requirements for flexibility in using global financial mechanisms such 48 as the Adaptation Fund, the Global Environment The functions of the BCCRF Secretariat will eventually Facility (GEF), and the Green Climate Fund. However, be transferred from the World Bank BCCRF core team global financial mechanisms such as the Adaptation to the newly established the BCCRF Secretariat in the Fund and GEF’s direct access modality normally MoEF. For this transfer to succeed, capacity building is require a sufficient track record of a few decades. needed in a wide range of areas (fiduciary, reporting, Thus establishing a new institution is not a viable communications, monitoring, and evaluation). This option. However, existing government institutions and process has to be coordinated with the MoEF’s capacity- NGOs that meet NIE criteria could become potential building initiatives supported by other donor partners, candidates for consideration. including the process of GoB’s NIE identification. Annex 2. Results Framework (June 2013) Objective 1: GOB demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MOEF Outcomes Outcome Indicators Outputs Output Indicators Outcome 1. 1 1.1 % of meetings where Output 1.1 MC and GC 1.1 % of decisions made Demonstrated capacity decisions have been meetings focus on decisions in MC and GC meetings of Secretariat to lead formally agreed to or and follow up followed up or completed governing committees signed off by GOB through other means, such as agreement to endorse decision on an issue or drop them Outcome 1. 2 1.2.1 % investment Output 1.2.1 Sector guides 1.2.1.1 % of investment Demonstrated capacity proposals where Secretariat and prioritization criteria proposals aligned with the of Secretariat to manage guides sector organizations made available to sector sector guides and provide oversight on to submit quality proposals organizations BCCRF activities 1.2.1.2 % of investment proposals reviewed through lens of prioritization criteria 1.2.2.1 Number of qualified 1.2.2 Level and quality Output 1.2.2 Human human resources recruited human resources and resources and fiduciary fiduciary due diligence systems are in place and 1.2.2.2 % of annual associated with Secretariat functional in Secretariat procurement transactions activities and financial audits completed Outcome 1.3 Demonstrated 1.3 % of indicators that are Output 1.3.1 A program 1.3.1.1 % of indicators capacity of Secretariat to measured annually using Monitoring and evaluation from M&E system that are measure and report on verifiable means (M&E) system in place to reported on to track BCCRF BCCRF results achieved. track BCCRF progress progress 1.3.1.2 Number of quarterly monitoring reports on BCCRF progress produced and disseminated 49 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Objective 1: GOB demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MOEF (continuation) Outcomes Outcome Indicators Outputs Output Indicators Outcome 1.4 1.4 % of stakeholders Output 1.4.1 1.4.1 % of annual activities Demonstrated capacity of groups who report Communication plan endorsed in communication Secretariat to contribute satisfaction with level includes activities on plan that are implemented to wider communication, of communication, communications outreach on time coordination and coordination and and dissemination of knowledge sharing with knowledge sharing offered knowledge multiple stakeholders, through/by BCCRF including donors and NGOs Output 1.4.2 LCG and 1.4.2 Number of LCG other platforms are related meetings or capitalized upon to workshops in which best enhance coordination and practices and lessons share lessons among the from BCCRF initiatives are stakeholders discussed and acted upon Objective 2: BCCRF Investments contribute to climate resiliency of targeted vulnerable population Outcome 2.1 BCCRF 2.1 % of proposals Output 2.1 Innovative 2.1 % of proposals incentivizes investments approved that are proposals submitted submitted that are that are innovative in a innovative innovative climate change program. Outcome 2.2 Improved 2.2 Demonstrated climate Output 2.2.1 Households 2.2.1 No. of households in resilience to climate change resiliency measures in climate vulnerable areas climate vulnerable areas change effects in targeted adopted with BCCRF with increased access to with increased access to population financing food food Output 2.2.2 Farmers 2.2.2 No. of farmers adopting climate adaptive adopting climate adaptive agriculture agriculture Output 2.2.3 Climate 2.2.3 No. of climate resilient infrastructure resilient infrastructure assets created assets created Output 2.2.4 Farmers with 2.2.4 No. of farmers with access to clean energy access to clean energy services services Output 2.2.5 Area covered 2.2.5 Area restored or re/ under afforestation and afforested (in hectares) reforestation program in climate vulnerable areas Output 2.2.6 More 2.2.6 Community jobs Community jobs in forestry (million days) created sector in climate vulnerable through afforestation/ areas reforestation program Output 2.2.7 Community 2.2.7 No. of community based sub-grants awarded based sub-grants awarded Output 2.2.8 Community 2.2.8 % of communities mechanisms established where mechanisms are and functioning to respond established and functioning effectively to specific in selected communities climate risk to respond effectively to specific climate risk 50 Objective 3: GOB demonstrates strategic leadership on national climate change policy and global climate financing Outcomes Outcome Indicators Outputs Outcome 3.1 Increased 3.1 No. of entities who Output 3.1 Proposals capacity of entity within submit draft NIE packages submitted from potential and outside government using UNFCCC* guidelines candidates in line with to submit proposal for NIE to GOB for review UNFCCC guidelines accreditation Outcome 3.2 Increased 3.2 No of policy Output 3.2 Mechanisms for knowledge and lessons recommendations from knowledge management learnt to inform climate BCCRF activities and policy dialogue are in change policy place Outcome 3.3 Bangladesh is 3.3 No. of requests by Output 3.3 Lessons offered considered an international other countries to GoB to through written or other model for implementing provide lessons learned on means sound climate change climate change adaptation adaptation solutions * UNFCCC- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 51 52 Annex 3. BCCRF Reporting Framework (December 31, 2013) Target Values Target Responsibility value Yr 5, Data Source/ for Data Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) 2016-17 Freq. Methodology Collection Objective 1: GOB demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MOEF Output 1.1 MC and GC meetings focus on decisions and follow up Output Indicator 1.1 Percentage of 25% Target value: 40% 90% Annual Minutes of WB team (Yr Percentage of outstanding issues Since the MOEF secretariat was still leanly staffed MC and GC 1), Secretariat outstanding issues followed up when the GC meeting took place in June 2013, the meetings with the followed up or minutes were prepared by the Bank team, and is support of completed i.e. such unable to show the capacity of MOEF secretariat Follow up WB Team as agreement to such as following up decisions or to endorse documents (Yr 2) and endorse issues or decision on issues. (e.g. letters secretariat (Yr BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF drop them written etc) 3 onwards) Output 1.2.1 Prioritization criteria made available to sector organizations Output Indicator No. of investment 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 3 100% Annual MC meeting Secretariat 1.2.1 proposals and beyond) minutes, Percentage of reviewed that Project investment proposals meet prioritization evaluation reviewed that meet criteria documents prioritization criteria Output 1.2.2 Human resources and fiduciary systems are in place and functional in Secretariat Output Indicator No of staff 0 Target value: 3 10 Annual Secretariat Secretariat 1.2.2 recruited As of December 31, 2013, the five staff members / Capacity and WB team Number of qualified below are on board: Building human resources 1. Climate Change Technical Advisor (since May project recruited 2013) progress 2. Climate Change Managerial Advisor (since report, aide October 2012) memoires, 3. Financial Management consultant (since procurement October 2012, and another staff since plans December 2013) 4. Procurement consultant (since December 2013) 5. Junior consultant (since May 2013) In addition to the five members above, a Joint Secretary of MoEF leads the team as the Director. Three other people are employed as assistant, driver, and messenger. Target Values Target Responsibility value Yr 5, Data Source/ for Data Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) 2016-17 Freq. Methodology Collection Output 1.3 A program Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system in place to track BCCRF progress Output Indictor 1.3 No of quarterly 0 Target value: 2 4 Quarterly Quarterly WB team (Yr Number of quarterly reports prepared Three quarterly reports were issued in CY2013. Monitoring 1), Secretariat monitoring reports and disseminated Reporting period Circulation Report with the on BCCRF progress Jan-July 2013 Jul 12, 2013 support of produced and July -Nov 8, 2013 Nov. 9, 2013 WB Team disseminated Nov9-Dec 31, 2013 Jan.27, 2014 (Yr 2) and secretariat (Yr 3 onwards) Output 1.4 LCG and other platforms are capitalized upon to enhance coordination and share lessons among the stakeholders Output Indicator 1.4 No of meetings 0 Target value: 1 4 Annual LCG meeting Secretariat Number of LCG relating to best During the LCG meeting held on May 20, 2013, agenda and related meetings practices and in which the necessity of a common platform for minutes or workshops in lessons learned climate change capacity building was discussed, which best practices there was a suggestion to conduct an assessment and lessons from of pre-BCCRF / post-BCCRF capacity gaps regarding BCCRF initiatives are internal coordination among GoB Ministries. discussed and acted upon Objective 2: BCCRF Investments contribute to climate resiliency of targeted vulnerable population Output 2.1 Innovative proposals submitted Output Indicator 2.1 % of proposals 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 3 50% Annual Evaluation Secretariat % of proposals which clearly and beyond) of Proposals with the submitted that articulates the submitted support of WB are innovative (as innovation (Yr 2) a% of all projects Secretariat (Yr submitted) 3 onwards) Output 2.2.1 Households in climate vulnerable areas with increased access to food Output Indicator Thousand tons 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 3 300 Annual Progress Silos Project 2.2.1 and beyond) Reports of the PMU, Incremental public Silos project Third party storage capacity and Aide verification for food grain (This Memoires indicator measures the aggregate storage capacity of a total of eight public 53 silos) 54 Target Values Target Responsibility value Yr 5, Data Source/ for Data Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) 2016-17 Freq. Methodology Collection Output 2.2.2 Farmers adopting climate adaptive agriculture Output Indicator 2.2.2 (Preparation for the agriculture project is underway, and indicators are not agreed yet) Output 2.2.3 Climate resilient infrastructure assets created Output Indicator No. of climate 0 Target value: 4 Annual ECRRP Project LGED PMU 2.2.3 resilient assets As of Dec. 31, 2013, 4 cyclone shelters completed for cyclone No. of climate construction under BCCRF. Progress shelter project resilient Report and infrastructure assets Aide Memoires created (cyclone shelters) Output 2.2.4 Farmers with access to clean energy services BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Output Indicator No. of solar 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 2 810 Annual Solar Project IDCOL 2.2.4 irrigation pumps and beyond) Progress No. of solar irrigation installed Report and pumps installed Aide Memoires Output 2.2.5 Areas covered under afforestation and reforestation program in climate vulnerable areas Output Indicator Hectare (Ha) re/ 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 2 17,000 Annual Progress report BFD, 2.2.5 afforested and beyond) of Forestry Independent Cumulative area Project , Monitoring restored or re/ 3rd party Firm afforested (in monitoring, Hectare) Remote sensing and GIS mapping Output 2.2.6 More community jobs in forestry sector in climate vulnerable areas Output Indicator percentage 0% (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 2 70% Annual Progress report BFD, 2.2.6 Increased and beyond) of Forestry Independent household income Project and Monitoring of beneficiaries 3rd party Firm participating in verification alternative income-generating activities Target Values Target Responsibility value Yr 5, Data Source/ for Data Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) 2016-17 Freq. Methodology Collection Output 2.2.7 Community based sub-grants awarded Output Indicator No. sub-grants 0 Target value: 11 Annual Progress report PKSF 2.2.7 The first 11 CBOs under CCCP signed contracts in of CCCP and Total numbers of late October, 2013. Aide Memoires community based sub-grants awarded Output 2.2.8 Community mechanisms established and functioning to respond effectively to specific climate risk Output Indicator % of community 5% (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 2 70% Annual Progress report PKSF 2.2.8 based and beyond) of CCCP and Percentage of organizations Aide Memoires communities for which mechanisms are established and functioning to respond effectively to specific climate risk (as a % of total CBOs) Objective 3: GOB demonstrates strategic leadership on national climate change policy and global climate financing Output 3.1 Mechanisms for knowledge management and policy dialogue are in place Output Indicator 3.1 No. of knowledge 0 Target value: 3 10 Annual Annual reports Bank and No. of knowledge activities During CY2013, three blog articles were uploaded Secretariat management on the website activities (including Saving Lives from Cyclone Mahasen in Bangladesh Bank executed AAAs (June 16, 2013) or other important Becoming a “Forest Savior”: Community policy workshops/ Participation for Conservation (Nov. 4, 2013) papers) undertaken Bangladesh: The Most Climate Vulnerable Country on sector analyses (Nov. 21, 2013) and or lessons learnt from Bangladesh 55 56 Target Values Target Responsibility value Yr 5, Data Source/ for Data Output indicator Unit of Measure Base-line Status as of Dec. 31, 2013 (Yr 1) 2016-17 Freq. Methodology Collection Output 3.2 Lessons offered through written or other means Output Indicator Number of 0 (This indicator is planned to be monitored in year 3 4 Annual Media articles Secretariat 3.2.1 learning events/ and beyond) Documentary No. of events and documents evidence papers through of lessons which GOB provides provided lessons from BCCRF Proceedings of workshops and conferences Annual Report Output Indicator Number of media 0 Target value: 5 12 Annual Media articles Secretariat 3.2.2 articles By Dec 31, 2013 the following five articles related No. of articles in to BCCRF were featured in national newspapers. BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF international and (1) News Today: Mainstreaming Climate Change national media on (Dec.13) BCCRF activities and (2) Dhaka Tribune: Rely on own funds, GOB set up results BCCRF in 2010 (Dec 1) (3) Financial Express:11 NGOs sign contract under CCCP (Oct 29) (4) Financial Express: Signing ceremony for Solar Irrigation (Oct1) (5) The Independent: Progress of BCCRF afforestation (Aug 29) http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/ Annex 4. Communications BANGLADESH – THE MOST CLIMATE VULNERABLE COUNTRY Submitted by Arastoo Khan On Thu, 11/21/2013 – ‘Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP), 2009’ – includes a ten-year program to build country capacity and resilience to meet climate change On a Path Towards Climate Resilience challenges over the next few decades. It also provides an action plan for integrating climate change issues into Two recent key reports ­ – The Intergovernmental Panel sustainable development. Like the Sendai Dialogue, which on Climate Change’s ‘Fifth Assessment Report [1]’ and attempts to mainstream disaster risk management in the World Bank’s ‘Turn Down the Heat’ [2] – reveal long- planning process, the Planning Ministry of Bangladesh term implications for Bangladesh [3]and its people from has integrated poverty-environment-climatic linkages in probable catastrophic impacts of climate change. Both the national planning process, documents and guidelines. paint a very dismal scenario of the future as climate This underscores the seriousness of the Government in change continues to take its toll. The earth faces a taking a comprehensive approach in tackling the climate temperature rise of at least 2 degrees Celsius above pre- change as it affects the poor in Bangladesh. Bangladesh industrial levels requiring firm and coordinated action to is the first country to have developed such a detailed benefit all countries. climate resilience program. This was not the only bad news. The recently released However, putting BCCSAP into practice necessitated two sixth annual Climate Change Vulnerability Index [4], key factors – strengthened institutions with adequate (Maplecroft) revealed that Bangladesh would feel the human resources, and adequate funds. For this, a economic impacts of climate change most intensely and Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) that our capital Dhaka would be one of the five most was established in May 2010, with a total pledge of US$ climate vulnerable cities in the world. 190 million grant (as of today) and financial support Having seen the impacts of climate change in our from the European Union and the governments of lifetime across agro-climactic zones in Bangladesh, our Australia, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and Government had prudently initiated a series of policies USA. Administered through the World Bank, the BCCRF and actions for a climate resilient economy. The strategy has a robust two-tier governance system – Governing is simple – to make livelihoods of the poorest/vulnerable Council for overall strategic direction and guidance populations climate resilient, so that the national to the BCCRF, and Management Committee for its economy is insulated from climate change and becomes a working. A BCCRF Secretariat is now being established foundation to vigorously pursue sustainable development. with World Bank support in the Ministry of Environment Our national guiding policy included deliberations and Forests to strengthen the institution with adequate human resources. It will be tasked to select projects, and consultations between communities across mobilize resources from development partners and agro-climactic zones; academic experts and climate work as a front office of the Government in handling practitioners; multi- and bi-lateral development the evolving climate change issues. partners; small community-based organizations, national/international NGOs; and local governments and Climate resilience may apparently appear imprecise national entities. The outcome of these deliberations and confusing. We are changing that through outreach 57 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF and a people-centric approach. BCCRF is expected to Our Government has been allocating, year on year, reach several million beneficiaries and its impact is huge resources to build an endowment fund to support already being felt in several key sectors. This is made small climate change adaptation initiatives in research possible by its innovative and transparent climate of saline-resistant crop, seeds involving shorter harvest finance mechanism, as well as unique engagement of cycle and adaptation of livelihoods, including migration civil society receiving an agreed ratio of the total grant/ of people displaced due to climate change. Bangladesh financing through a dedicated funding window. BCCRF’s Climate Change Trust Fund, as it is called, received in approach encompasses poor and remote communities three successive years’ allocations of US$100 million and diversified implementation through several each year from its exchequer through its national government agencies and civil society organizations budget. Despite the initiatives, the three studies point out, Bangladesh remains vulnerable and its people will across multiple climate vulnerable sectors. The funds face severe economic hardships from climate change are used to support projects using solar energy for impacts in the coming years. irrigation, constructing multi-purpose cyclone shelters in disaster-prone areas serving as primary schools round Bangladesh will need additional funds as grants and soft the year and as shelters in times of disaster. Projects loans, to further strengthen a climate resilient and low- linked to allaying climate change have been financed carbon economy. We have a national policy framework to enhancing green forest cover, promoting climate- BCCSAP and a National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) resilient agriculture, expanding food security via public that prioritize adaptation and we are continuously silos, and through socio-economic empowerment of improving our institutional mechanisms. What we lack climate vulnerable communities. It aims to support is adequate and sustainable flow of resources to meet the demands of our climate vulnerable communities. over 30 NGOs to develop innovative community-based adaptation solutions for making the lives of the poor Are there any committed and interested long-term part- more climate resilient. ners out there willing to join us in our efforts? http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/ BECOMING A “FOREST SAVIOR”: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FOR CONSERVATION Submitted by Faria Selim On Mon, 11/04/2013 “The forest is an integral part of my life and only source The Government of Bangladesh initiated the Social of income. We exploited it until we saw people killed Forestry programs with a view to meet the forest product in landslides in the neighboring areas. Gradually we requirements of the local population, reverse the became aware of the consequences of unplanned felling process of ecological and climatic degradation through of trees. Now we protect our forest alongside the Forest proper soil and water conservation, and also to improve Department. I own two hectares of forest land and they the socioeconomic condition of the rural people. pay for its maintenance. I have earned a good amount after the first felling,” says a proud Sabbir, participant Forests are the primary buffer against cyclones, storms from a social forestry initiative of the Government of and surges for over 16 million people living in the Bangladesh, Ukhiarghat, Cox’s Bazar. vulnerable coastal zone of Bangladesh. Over the last three decades, forests in Bangladesh have declined by 2.1% annually, accumulating to almost half of all forest cover, 58 The project aims to expand climate resilient afforestation and reforestation; build livelihood resilience among the vulnerable communities; and enhance the capacity of the Forest Department. The Bangladesh Forest Department and Arannayk Foundation will jointly work for the afforestation and reforestation of 16,000 hectares of land and 1,672 km of strip plantings. Realizing that community engagement, for forest conservation in the coastal and hilly areas, is critical to the sustainability of any afforestation project, following a transparent selection process, local communities will adopt locally tried and tested nursery and plantation techniques with improved forest management practices. This will increase household income of beneficiaries participating in alternative income-generating activities, while conserving the forests and reducing forest dependency. The project will reach 46,000 beneficiaries of which at least 30% will be women. These resilience approaches are cost effective, will provide multiple socio-economic and environmental co-benefits, and enhance carbon stock. The direct benefits to one of the communities involved ©.Thinkstock.com in Forest Department’s social forestry initiative are impressive. An investment of $4,800 on 100 hectares, allocated to 50 members returned $16,900. After the final harvest, the participants will receive 45%t due to deforestation, illegal logging and harvesting, slash- of the revenue, the government 45%, and 10% will and-burn agriculture, conversion into non-forestland go to the Tree Farming Fund for future plantations. for settlement, farming, recreation and industries. With the likely increased incidence and intensity of extreme “I’m a widow with two children. I had to depend on the cyclonic events, efforts must focus on reversing the decline forest for a meager living. Then I received training on in forests in order to adequately safeguard people against homestead gardening and am now a regular worker threats induced by climate change. at the forest department’s nursery with a substantial income, both of my children now go to school”, shares The Government of Bangladesh has mobilized a content Rekha, from an alternative livelihood project multiple donors through an innovative institutional in Pinijerkul, Cox’s Bazar. arrangement called the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) [1]. Under BCCRF, the Climate Most of the inhabitants of Pinijerkul have similar stories Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation of change in their lives. They are now self-dependent, Project [2] is a timely initiative to complement aware of the issues of soil erosion, biodiversity and Bangladesh’s commitment towards forest conservation. climate change. They are our “forest saviors”. 59 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/ SAVING LIVES FROM CYCLONE MAHASEN IN BANGLADESH Submitted by Masood Ahmad On Sun, 06/16/2013 co-authors: Shahpar Selim, K.M. Maqsoodul Mannan While Bangladesh played host to yet another deadly Since the start of the project, the Local Government cyclone on May 17th, 2013, cyclone shelters provided Engineering Department has upgraded 240 existing a critical first line of defense to thousands of poor shelters and constructed 12 new shelters using funds communities living along the remote coastline of the from IDA, Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction country. A million poor people fled from their homes to (GFDRR), Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW), and the seek refuge before cyclone Mahasen struck the coast. Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). The cyclone impacted 8 coastal districts with flooding While cyclone Mahasen was approaching Bangladesh, and water logging, caused 17 fatalities and damaged the government activated cyclone preparedness about half a million households. measures at the local and central levels. According to Tropical cyclones and accompanying storm surges post cyclone reports, 1,668 cyclone shelters were used emerging in the Bay of Bengal can be deadly and cause to give shelter to 483,300 people. All the cyclones massive damage. The cyclones in the 70s and 90s were shelters built and improved through the ECCRP were the worst in terms of storm surge height and lives lost. ready to offer refugee to people and 40,219 people in 300,000 died in the 1970 cyclone and 138,882 in 1991, the most vulnerable areas were saved, along with their leaving entire communities scarred for life. The more livestock. recent cyclones in 2007 (SIDR) and 2009 (AILA) were Mahasen also served to test the structural durability responsible for 3,363 and 190 deaths, respectively. and functional design of the ECRRP shelters. Design However, over the years, the government of Bangladesh features such as separate floors for livestock, separate has made significant strides to minimize the loss of rooms for pregnant women, gender marked toilets, lives and assets in the cyclone-prone coastal districts. store rooms, enhanced toilet facilities with soak pits and In addition to improving disaster preparedness, the septic tanks, emergency water supply (tube wells), first construction of cyclone shelters is a high priority for aid facilities, solar lights, rain water harvesting and tree Bangladesh, which the World Bank has been supporting plantation are features unique to the ECRRP shelters. through the Emergency Cyclone Recovery and Inputs from the stakeholders were taken on how the Restoration Project (ECCRP). The project was designed shelters will be designed and operated during normal to assist in the recovery from SIDR damage to livelihoods times and when cyclones hit; and shelters were built in and infrastructure; support the construction of cyclone compliance with land use planning, environmental and shelters and build long term disaster preparedness in social safeguards requirements. climate vulnerable areas. In particular, the ECRRP shelters are unique because The project focuses on providing greater protection of their structural durability. They are designed to to vulnerable populations and livestock in the cyclone withstand wind speeds of 260km/hr; are made of prone areas by constructing new multipurpose shelters; reinforced frame structure; and have 60 grade deformed improving existing shelters and making roads to enable bars and stone aggregates in the casting of the shelter communities to access safe shelters during cyclones. foundation, footings, columns, beams, making these 60 structures sustainable during severe cyclones. Also, the point for relief activities, such as precautionary stocking ECRRP shelters are built as 3 storied structures with of dry food. These shelters provide a safe haven during provisions for vertical extension in the future. All of killer cyclones and during non-cyclone times are used as these factors made a great difference in the shelters’ Primary Schools targeting the ultra-poor, thus providing performance during Mahasen. hope and mobility to the communities.” People working on the ground believe that due to the Mahasen has tested the utility of the ECRRP cyclone increase in the number of useable shelters this year, shelters and points to the continued importance of thanks to ECRRP, the loss of lives has been a lot less the World Bank’s collaboration with the Government than what it could have been in one of the most cyclone of Bangladesh on saving lives and securing livelihoods. vulnerable places in Bangladesh. Says LGED Executive These shelters have now become beacons of hope Engineer in Bhola, Mr. SM Akbar Hossain “Not only when the darkness of an approaching cyclone looms did the shelters house people; they were also the safe over coastal communities. RELY ON OWN CLIMATE FUNDS, SUGGEST ACTIVISTS Abu Bakar Siddique Bangladesh should design its own national climate plan plan for the future in line with the national five-year for the future in line with the national five-year plan, plan, he added. opine experts Bangladesh and the other least developed countries The government should formulate future climate action (LDCs) have faced strong opposition from developed plan with its own resources and capacity as developed countries along with the recently formed like-minded countries undermined the interest of climate vulnerable developing countries (LMDC) that includes India, China countries like Bangladesh at the last climate talks in and Australia at the climate negotiations, said Dr Ahsan Warsaw, conservationists and civil society members say. Uddin Ahmed, executive director of Centre for Global They made the call at a press conference titled “COP19 Change. Outcomes: Interest of Climate Victim Countries are “They just obstructed the climate talks at every step Really Vulnerable” held at the National Press Club, and pushed down the international loss and damage jointly organised by eight civil society networks working mechanism issue, which is a long expected demand on climate change. of the LDCs and vulnerable countries, towards an The Climate Vulnerable Countries (CVCs) have gained uncertainty,” he said. very little at the 19th Conference of Parties (COP19) Dr Ahsan is also a panel scientist of the Inter- as the developed countries which are the largest governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). greenhouse gas emitters and responsible for global warming did not cooperate, said Syed Aminul Haque He said the developed countries were offering just of Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh $100m against the promised $100b as compensation (EquityBD) in his keynote speech. for global warming in the adaptation fund. Bangladesh should not wait for some million dollars Other members of the networks are Campaign for of aid where the country has more than Tk15bn in Sustainable Rural Livelihood (CSRL), Centre for Global remittance. It should design its own national climate Change (CGC), Bangladesh Poribesh Andolon (Bapa), 61 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Bangladesh Indigenous People’s Network for Climate Currently the fund has $340m. The government has Change and Bio-Diversity (BIPNetCCBD), Climate already allocated $190.78m for 139 government and Change Development Forum (CCDF), Climate Finance 63 non-government projects. Governance Network (CFGN), and Coastal Development According to Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Partnership (CDP). Action Plan 2009, the country needs $1b to carry out Among others, Dr Abdul Matin, Bapa general secretary, adaptation measures each year. The government set up and Md Golam Mortuza, editor of the weekly Shaptahik, Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund with the also spoke at the programme. contribution of the developed nations. Out of its $170m The government established Bangladesh Climate fund, $146.19m has been allocated for 11 projects while Change Trust Fund in 2009-10 fiscal with its own fund. the country received commitments of only $594m. PKSF FUNDS 11 NGOS TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE INDUCED VULNERABILITY Tuesday, 29 October 2013 - FE Report Copyright © 2012. International Publications Limited. All rights reserved Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) has funded eleven availability during lean periods, installation of tube-wells NGO projects a total amount of US$ 3.99 million through for safe drinking water, installation of sanitary latrines the Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) under the for safe hygiene practice, promotion of environment- Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a friendly cooking stoves, slatted housing for goat keeping, multi-donor trust fund of the government. promotion of saline and flood tolerant crops, introduction of improved local variety of Black Bengal goat and support The project is moving ahead to increase the resilience to hen rearing support to drought-resilient fodder and adaptation capacity of local communities to combat cultivation. the climate change induced vulnerability, said a project update of the World Bank (WB) issued on Monday. The WB release said PKSF had maintained clarity and transparency in communicating with NGOs whose The fund recipient NGOs are: RDRS Bangladesh, Satkhira proposals did not receive grants. Official letters with clear Unnayan Sangstha (SUS), Wave Foundation, SKS indications as to which selection criteria they had not Foundation, Gana Unnayan Kendra (GUK), Nazrul Smriti fulfilled had been sent to these NGOs. The project has also Sangsad (NSS), Ashrai, National Development Programme developed its own website (www.pksf-cccp-bd.org) with (NDP), Dak Diye Jai, Jhanjira Samaj Kallyan Sangstha (JSKS) the aim to share relevant information about the activities and Jagrata Juba Shangha (JJS). under the project. The NGOs will implement these sub-projects in selected The Government of Bangladesh has set up the BCCRF, unions of Kurigram, Nilphamari, Satkhira, Chuadanga, which acts as a mechanism for large-scale climate change Barguna, Rajshahi, Naogaon, Natore, Bagerhat and Khulna financing in Bangladesh. One of the two windows of BCCRF, districts. the Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) is allocating Some of the major activities that will be undertaken by funds on a competitive basis to non-governmental these sub-projects are: homestead plinth raising, repairing organisations (NGOs) to implement community-driven of road and embankment with tree plantation, promotion interventions that build resilience to climate change of renewable energy such as installation of solar panels, impacts. The Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) is the establishment of community grain banks for food designated umbrella agency responsible for oversight. 62 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPMENT PLANS STRESSED Friday, 13 December 2013 Climate experts at a programme in the city on Friday Asaduzzaman said while adaptation projects are a useful stressed mainstreaming the climate change adaptation place to start, the long-term nature of climate impacts will in the development planning of the country to cope with require an altogether greater effort to develop a climate the adverse impacts of global warming, reports UNB. resilient economy. Thus, instead of developing separate, They said mainstreaming climate change into planning stand-alone National Adaptation Plan (NAP) as many needs to be done at every level, not just in national plans countries are doing, it will be better for Bangladesh to while the relevant ministries such as water management, mainstream climate change into regular national plans, he agriculture, health and others need to mainstream climate said. change into their respective plans. Oxfam in Bangladesh Chaired by PKSF chairman and coordinator of Bangladesh with the assistance of a Dhaka based climate change study Climate Change Negotiation Team Dr Qazi Kholiquzzaman group conducted a study, titled ‘Review of BCCSAP-2009’ Ahmad, the meeting was addressed, among others, by that was released at a discussion at Sonargaon Hotel on former ESCAP official and member of the National Climate Friday evening. Change Negotiation Team Dr Rezaul Karim, president of The study findings include a policy direction towards Forum of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh (FEJB) enhancement of implementation of BCCSAP with Quamrul Islam Chowdhury, Prof Dr Mizan R Khan of North prioritisation of the action programmes and developing South University, and deputy director of Department of a country framework for mainstreaming adaptation with Environment M Ziaul Haque. indicators for monitoring and evaluation. Highlighting the To operationalise the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy study outcome, Dr M Asaduzzaman of the Bangladesh and Action Plan (BCCSAP) established in 2009, the Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), principal government constituted the National Climate Change Fund investigator of the study, said it is also important to with an allocation of about US$ 45 million in the budget for mainstream the climate change adaptation into local fiscal 2008-09, which has been replenished several times level planning. He said the NGOs have a very strong role since then. Furthermore, the Bangladesh Climate Change to play especially in mainstreaming adaptation as many Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund, was NGOs are already working at local level for enhancing the established to pool funds from development partners to community-level adaptive capacity. implement a long-term strategy for conducting adaptation “Climate change adaptation is mainly local, and NGOs have programmes to address the impacts of climate change in access to remote and marginalised areas in Bangladesh.” Bangladesh. 63 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF AFFORESTATION IN 9 DISTRICTS FOR ENHANCING CLIMATE RESILIENCE Friday, 30 Ausgust 2013 Dhaka, August 29, 2013: The Climate Resilient The project became effective on July 2, 2013 and progress Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation project, has been made by establishing a fully functional project implemented by the Government of Bangladesh, is implementation unit (PIU) in BFD. The divisional forest working towards sustainable forest conservation and officers (DFOs) had conducted extensive survey and enhancement of climate resilience, according to a World mapping work to identify degraded forest areas which Bank (WB) statement issued on Thursday. The project would be treated under this project. aims to reduce forest denudation and to improve forest Land preparation and nursery seedling production are in coverage through participatory planning and monitoring a state of readiness to commence planting immediately in in nine coastal and hilly districts: Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, coastal areas. In hilly areas, nursery production of seedlings Noakhali, Lakshmipur, Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna, will commence as mature seeds become available to allow Bhola and Feni. The project will be jointly implemented planting from April-May of the 2014 monsoon season. by the Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) under the The selection criteria for 200 forest communities and ministry of environment and forest (MoEF) and Arranayk training programs for participants from community-based Foundation (AF). organisations have also been fixed. The WB said that tropical cyclones, storms and surges The WB recently reviewed the project progress and agreed are major features of Bangladesh’s coastal zone with on an action plan for successful implementation of the significant negative impact on the area and its population. project. The existing forest sector master plan (FMP) was At the same time, the share of land under forest cover reviewed and a detailed strategy developed to upgrade in Bangladesh is the second lowest in the region, with and address the emerging environmental concerns. A road natural forest cover accounting for only half of that in the map for strengthening the BFD forest resource monitoring 1960s. Denuded forests and ecologically sensitive hilly and assessment capacity was also agreed upon. and coastal areas are especially vulnerable to climate The Bangladesh Climate Change Resilient Fund (BCCRF) change. For this reason, a comprehensive approach has allocated $33.8 million for the project and currently to development planning and disaster management is there are seven development partners contributing essential, the statement said. to BCCRF: the Australian Agency for International The project aims to establish new afforested and Development (AusAID), the Embassy of Denmark in reforested areas of total 17,000-hectares of land and Dhaka, the Department of International Development 1,672-km roadside plantation in nine districts. The project (DFID), the European Union, represented by the European will support and build climate resilience of 200 forest Commission (EC), Sweden represented by the Swedish communities through the diversification of livelihood International Development Cooperation (Sida), the Swiss opportunities and practices. The capacity and technical Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and knowledge base of the forest sector will also be enhanced. USAID. 64 65 ©.Thinkstock.com © Koscusko | Dreamstime.com PROJECT SIGNING: $33.8 MILLION FOR AFFORESTATION TO PROTECT COMMUNITIES IN COASTAL AND HILLY AREAS FROM NATURAL DISASTERS February 27, 2013 PRESS RELEASE DHAKA, February 27, 2013 — The government of Bangladesh signed a $33.8 million grant agreement today with the World Bank to increase forest cover in the coastal and hilly areas of Bangladesh to reduce the impact of cyclones and tidal surges. Through community participatory and co-management approaches, the Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project will provide forest and plantation cover in 17,000 hectares of land and 1,672 km of roadside in areas where communities bear the brunt of climate change. The project will be financed by the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), an innovative multi-donor financing mechanism. The project will increase climate resilience of people and infrastructure by significantly reducing the loss of life and livelihoods and property damage caused by extreme weather events. In addition, the project will create jobs in social forestry and provide alternate income opportunities to poor people in the climate vulnerable areas, reducing their dependence on forest resources for livelihoods. The project will create around 3.18 million work days of additional jobs, benefiting around 6,000 poor households, many of them headed by women. The project will also train around 15,000 forest-dependent people on participatory forest management, climate change management, and basic entrepreneurial and business management skills. “Coastal afforestation has been effective in dampening storm surge velocity during Cyclone Sidr in 2007 and Cyclone Aila in 2009, saving millions of lives and significantly reducing devastation compared with the cyclone in 1991” said Salman Zaheer, Acting Country Director of Bangladesh, World Bank. “This project, under the BCCRF, is a timely initiative to build the country’s resilience to climate change while also expanding sustainable livelihood and income opportunities for vulnerable communities.” The Bangladesh Forest Department and Arannayk Foundation will implement the afforestation and reforestation activities in the nine coastal districts: Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, Noakhali, Laxmipur, Feni, Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna and Bhola; and in the hilly areas of the reserved forest land of Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar. Following a transparent selection process, local communities will combine locally tested forestation techniques with improved forest management practices to alleviate the adverse effects of cyclones and tidal surges. The project will strengthen the capacities of the Government of Bangladesh’s Department of Forests to plan and manage forest resources through activities such as updating the Forestry Sector Master Plan, mainstreaming Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) based monitoring, and integrating climate change into the planning process. “The project directly contributes to government of Bangladesh’s climate change adaptation vision” said Mr. Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division, Government of Bangladesh. “The project will play a pivotal role in implementing cost-effective climate resilience approaches and in parallel providing socio-economic and environmental co-benefits.” Mr. Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division and Mr. Salman Zaheer, Acting Country Director, World Bank Bangladesh signed on behalf of the Government of Bangladesh and the World Bank respectively, at the Economic Relations Division. The government of Bangladesh has successfully aligned its development partners to address the country’s climate change challenges by having them establish a multi-donor fund – the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund. So far, the BCCRF has channeled $189 million in grant funds from seven development partners, namely Australia, Denmark, the European Union, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA to strengthen resilience to climate change. The government of Bangladesh is in the driver’s seat and has the authority to decide which projects to fund and how they are to be implemented. On an interim basis, the implementation and administration of the fund is augmented by the World Bank, especially in the areas of ensuring fiduciary transparency and accountability due diligence. 67 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF PROJECT SIGNING: $10 MILLION GRANT FOR SOLAR IRRIGATION IN BANGLADESH September 30, 2013 PRESS RELEASE DHAKA, September 30, 2013 — The Government of Bangladesh signed a $10 million grant agreement today with the World Bank to introduce solar irrigation pumps for farmers. The Solar Irrigation Project will enable installation of more than 1,300 solar powered irrigation pumps covering more than 65,000 bighas of land for rice cultivation. The project will be financed by the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), an innovative multi-donor financing mechanism. The solar irrigations pumps will provide farmers access to clean energy in a comparatively lower cost. Traditionally, Bangladeshi farmers rely on more expensive diesel based irrigation pumps for rice cultivation. By replacing diesel pumps with solar irrigation pumps in areas where grid electricity has not reached, the project will reduce dependence of farmers on diesel supply, which is often erratic and costly particularly in remote rural areas. Reliance on costly diesel imports for irrigation puts a pressure on country’s foreign exchange. 1300 solar irrigation pumps will save $3.2 million in foreign currency every year from displacement of diesel. “Wider use of solar powered irrigation pumps will help Bangladesh to save foreign exchange in diesel imports. Due to clean and renewable energy used, the project will reduce carbon emission by 10,000 tons every year,” said Christine Kimes, Acting Head, World Bank Bangladesh. “The project will contribute to improve farmers’ livelihoods, increase climate change resilience of the agriculture sector and strengthen food security.” Private sponsors will be responsible for installing, operating and maintaining the solar irrigation pumps. BCCRF will provide up to 50% of the pump costs in grant, while International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank will provide 30% in concessional credit. Private sponsors are expected to provide 20% of the pump costs as equity. “The project directly contributes to Government of Bangladesh’s climate change adaptation vision,” said Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division, Government of Bangladesh. “Wider use of solar irrigation pumps will help the agriculture sector to reduce dependence on diesel imports. Smooth supply of water for irrigation will help to increase agricultural productivity. The solar irrigation pumps will enable us save foreign exchange substantially. However, to popularize the solar irrigation pumps, investment in research and innovation is needed to bring down the upfront cost of the pumps.” BCCRF has provided $10 million grant in first phase for the solar irrigation project and the total commitment amount for project is $24.5 million in grant financing. The Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) will implement the solar irrigation project through private sponsors as part of the Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II (RERED II) Project. Mr. Arastoo Khan, Additional Secretary, Economic Relations Division and Ms. Christine Kimes, Acting Head, World Bank Bangladesh signed on behalf of the Government of Bangladesh and the World Bank respectively, at the Economic Relations Division in presence of the development partners. ABOUT BCCRF The Government of Bangladesh has successfully aligned its development partners to address the country’s climate change challenges by having them establish a multi-donor fund – the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund. So far, the BCCRF has channeled $189 million in grant funds from seven development partners, namely Australia, Denmark, EU, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and the USA to strengthen resilience to climate change. The Government of Bangladesh is in the driver’s seat and has the authority to decide which projects to fund and how they are to be implemented. On an interim basis, the implementation and administration of the fund is augmented by the World Bank, especially in the areas of ensuring fiduciary transparency and accountability due diligence. © 2013 The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. 68 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2014 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2014 69 © Scott Wallace /World Bank FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2014 Building on the progress achieved in 2013, the World ■■ Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Bank/BCCRF work program will focus on the following Development Project II (Solar Irrigation Project ) activities in 2014. ■■ Modern Food Storage Facilities Project.2 1. Program management 4. AAA preparatory activities ■■ Complete the MTR The World Bank will manage the following analytical ■■ Monitor the results framework and advisory tasks, which are Bank executed: ■■ Finalize the communications strategy. ■■ Impacts of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector 2. Pipeline development ■■ Waterlogging of Urban Areas in a Changing ■■ Appraise the Secretariat for BCCRF Phase II (Capacity Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation Building Project Phase II).1 ■■ Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Construction of Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam 3. Project supervision ■■ Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka The World Bank will provide supervisory support for the following projects, which are recipient executed: ■■ Scaling up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: A Proposal to Support Human and ■■ Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Financial Resilience to Natural Hazards Project (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Project) Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making Secretariat for BCCRF (Capacity Building Project ■■ ■■ in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling. Phase I) Table 12 presents details of the proposed work plan. ■■ Community Climate Change Project ■■ Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project After reviewing other planned donor support in early 2014, preparation was discontinued due to duplication of activities. 1 Subject to discussion. 2 71 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Table 12. Proposed Annual Work Plan (2014) Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 I. Program management Mid-term review Complete MTR process Follow up Follow up Follow up Results framework Ongoing monitoring Ongoing monitoring Ongoing monitoring Ongoing monitoring Finalize communications Communications strategy strategy Report in January for Report in April for 2014 Quarterly reports 2013 Q4 Q1 Annual Report Annual report 2013 printed and disseminated Trusteeship Fund management (such as issuance of call of funds, receipt of payments, investment, revision of fees)3 II. Pipeline development Preparation and Capacity Building Project Phase II appraisal4 Supporting Agriculture Adaptation to Bank’s concept review5 Climate Change III. Project supervision (Task teams conduct two site visits per year for projects in this category) Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (Multipurpose Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational6 Cyclone Shelter Construction Project) Secretariat for BCCRF Phase I (Capacity Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational Building Project Phase I) Community Climate Change Project Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational  Climate-Resilient Participatory Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational  Afforestation and Reforestation Project Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (Solar Project operational Project operational Project operational Project operational Irrigation Project) Modern Food Storage Facilities Grant agreement signed Project operational Project operational Project operational Project7 III. AAA Climate Change and Its Impact on Complete AAA and Vector-borne Diseases in Bangladesh disseminate report Urichar Cross Dam Study/ Detailed Design of Environmental Studies for Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Construction of Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam8 Innovations in Urban Resilience9 Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Making Climate Data Relevant to Complete AAA and Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work disseminate and Temporal Downscaling10 Urban Flooding of Dhaka in a Changing Climate/Waterlogging of Urban Areas Complete AAA and Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work Ongoing AAA work in a Changing Climate: Potential disseminate Damage and Adaptation 11 3 Call of funds on hold in view of imminent MDTF closing date. 4 Discontinued due to overlap with approved bilateral project funding for the MOEF. 5 Ministry of Agriculture declined updated project proposal. 6 Extension of closing date by one year required due to 2013 electoral disruptions. 7 Subject to discussion. 8 End date is March 2015. 9 End date is June 2015. 10 End date is December 2014. 11 End date is December 2014. 72 BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND BCCRF Cover photo Flood proof water pump in Bangladesh / Practical Action/Mehrab ul Goni BCCRF benefits from the financial support of the governments of Australia, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union and from the technical support of the World Bank. 74