E2720 V2 | Socialist Republic of Vietnam C) | U p ~ World Bank i 7 I COASTAL CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT -s ~ * Nha Trang City Sub-Project, * I - zlh=; *' 'It Phase 1 Ia 'I L. LU??! La _ FINAL 3 - >^ r _ =J~ ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Environmental Assessment *¾ _Environmental Management Plan Public Consultation I * ^^ , May...2006 i 4 2 Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted by: - ~ THE Louis Berger Group, INC. B I l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tran-g I EXECUlTVE _I_F I 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Objectives of the Environmental Assessment (EA) Report The objectives of this EA Report are to assess the potential environmental impacts of activities proposed in Phase 1 investment activities of the Nha Trang City Sub-project under the Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) and recommended needed mitigation and monitoring measures to address such impacts. Based on the Pre-Feasibility Study (Pre-FS) and FS prepared for the sub-project, the EA was prepared to meet the requirements of both the Government of Vietnam (GoV) and the World Bank as part of the project preparation process. Potential social impacts of the proposed Phase 1 activities are separately assessed and addressed in the Resettlement Plan that | was prepared and submitted for the sub-project. Safeguard Policies of the World Bank: In addition to procedures of environmental review and approval of the GoV, the CCESP shall be prepared and implemented in compliance with environmental and social safeguard policies of the World Bank. Based on these safeguard policies, the CCESP has been classified as a Category A type project due to the potential to cause significant environmental impact if proper assessment and mitigation measures are not applied. Specific Bank | safeguard policies that were assessed during the draft EA study were: . Environmental Assessment- Operational Procedure ! Bank Procedure 4.01 (OP 4.01) Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) . Cultural Resources (draft OP 4.11 - OPN 11.03) Public Consultation: As a Category A type project, two (2) stages of public consultations will be 3 carried out and documented in accordance with OP 4.01. A first stage of consultations was held in s Sept. - Oct. 2005, involving focus group discussions and household surveys of some 461 households. A second stage of consultations was conducted on Dec. 30, 2005. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted for Project Affected People (PAPs) near Phase 1 discharge outlets on Feb. 24, 2006 Public Disclosure: As a Category A project, completed EAs must be available made to the public in accordance with Bank Procedure (BP) 17.50. The draft EA was disclosed in Wushington DC and the Vietnam Development Information Center (VIDC) in Hanoi by January 19, 2006. The Vietnamese translations of executive summary were disclosed by January 13, 2006. All documents were disclosed | locally by the Provincial People's Committee (PPC), the provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), the Project Preparation Units (PPUs), offices of the Wards in which people will be affected, and were accessible to local NGOs and PAPs. Final Environmental Assessment ES- 1 Il I Coastal Cities Enviroiinmenital Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tran(g 2. PROJECT OUTLINE 2.1. Project Name: Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) 2.2. Project Owner: Khanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee 2.3. Project's Objectives Objectives of the Phase 1 activities in Nha Trang are as follows: * Improve the drainage capabilities in the City center and in residential areas north of the Cai River and south of the airport; * Re-direct westward all wastewaters currently heading to the coastal area; and * . Improve solid waste management in the City center and in new urban areas in the north and in the south, e.g., Vinh Thai, Tac River area, west of Le Hong Phong Road, Dat Lanh. I 2.4. Description of Proposed Project Components Phase 1(scheduled from 2007 to 2011) of the Nha Trang sub-project will focus on the following Imain components and investment items: | . Component 1: Drainage, Flood Control & Wastewater Collection involving rehabilitation and improvement of some 22 kilometers of existing systems within the City's urban areas. Component 3: Solid Waste Management involving acquisition and development of a new 6 ha sanitary landfill site at Luong Hoa, closure of the existing Ru-Ri dumpsite and purchase of equipment and vehicles. | . Component 4: Resettlement involving compensation of PAPs currently residing within the proposed Luong Hoa sanitary landfill site as well as those affected by Component 1 activities. During Phase 1, this Component would also fund needed development of the proposed Dat 5 Lanh resettlement site to accommodate these PAPs prior to Phase 2 implementation. | Supporting components include Component 5 (Sanitation Revolving Fund) and Component 6 (Capacity Building and Implementation Support). Phase 2 (scheduled from 2008 to 2013): In addition to continuation of Phase 1 activities, the proposed Phase 2 investments will include construction of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for the city. 5 3. SUMMARY OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS . Based on available reports of the Khanh Hoa DONRE, current air and water quality in the city's urban environment generally meet national standards. A noted exception is the level of I coliform bacteria in water monitoring samples which may be above national standards. * According to 461 respondents to the socio-economic survey conducted as part of the EA, the most serious environmental issue in their area was the lack of sewage and drainage system | and the second most serious issue was flooding. . Illnesses related to poor environmental sanitation conditions, such as diarrhea and dysentery, are a common concern. In the socio-economic survey, 32 % of all respondents reported that a member of their household had been sick during the previous month from such an illness related to environment sanitation. To improve sanitation, 87 % of survey respondents stated that they think it is necessary to connect to the proposed new combined sewers. Final Environmental Assessment ES- 2 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang * Reported characteristics of collected solid waste (about 50 % of which is organic materials) I indicate a good potential to reduce such wastes by common and cost-effective segregation and minimization practices. Some 75 % of survey respondents indicated that they do not 3 currently segregate their solid wastes because they do not know how to segregate (49 %). . There are presently some 253 hotels in Khanh Hoa province, including 47 large-scale hotels 5 (with more than 50 beds). While tourism is of increasing economic importance and a reported 700,000 tourists visited the City last year (increasing some 9 % per year since 2001), it may also be an increasing source of pollution though recently constructed high-end hotels have reportedly included more complete on-site wastewater treatment facilities. 1 4. FORECAST AND ASSESSMENT OF PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 4.1. Summary of Predicted Impacts 3 Based on completed studies and local consultations, the sub-project is expected to have significant positive benefits for the environment, public health and the tourism-based economy due to reduced frequency and level of flooding in the City's urban center, improved collection and handling of liquid and solid wastes, and supportive improvements in sanitation service and capacity. From an | assessment of proposed Phase 1 sub-project components, baseline conditions and consultations, supported by the experienced gained from similar types of World Bank-funded projects in Vietnam, | the following seven (7) key sources of potentially adverse environmental impacts were identified and are provided detailed management, mitigation and monitoring measures in the draft EA: * 1. Impact of construction works 5 2. Discharge of untreated wastewater effluents to four (4) outlets: Canal 1 to Cai River; Canal 2; | near Ba Lang discharging to East Ocean, Railway Canal discharging to Quan Truong River and open earth channel discharging to the Cai River. 3. Dredged sediment and biosolids, including transport and disposal 4. Opening of the new Luong Hoa sanitary landfill 3 5. Closure of existing Ru-Ri dumpsite | 6. Resettlement site development in Dat Lanh 1 7. Retaining the septic tanks in service after the house connections are made 4.2. Impact of Construction Works The main construction activities during Phase 1 include: l| - Street excavations to install drainage and wastewater system and restoring these areas * - Transport of materials to the construction sites - Temporary storage of dredged and construction material at the construction sites 3 4.2.1 Street Excavations ; Existing combined sewer systems will be either rehabilitated or replaced and expanded, involving a total length of 22 km in the City's three main drainage areas: 1.) central area, 2.) north of Cai River 3.) south of the airport. These targeted combined sewer systems are located within existing right-of-way (ROW) areas of public roads and sidewalks and involve urban residential and business areas and Final Environmental Assessment ES- 3 I1 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranjg traffic managernent issues. The estimated volume of material to be excavated during the pipeline 3 works includes about 48,000 m of excavated soil. These excavated soil materials will consist primarily of sand (the most common soil type in the area) and will be re-used on-site for back-filling of the pipeline trenches once installation is completed. The estimated construction period along each street section is in the range of 1 - 2 weeks, during which stockpiles of excavated materials along pipeline trench may cause dust (if excavations are conducted during the recommended dry season) and traffic problems is not properly managed. If excavations are made during the November - January rainy season, addition impacts are expected to include increased flooding, soil erosion into drains and adjacent streets, and unsanitary stagnant water filling open trenches. The draft final EA also provides an assessment and mitigation measures for the following common types of construction impacts: Dust and air pollution from excavations, levelling and construction vehicles 3 * Noise and vibration of transport vehicles and other construction equipment. * Domestic wastes generated during construction . Leakage of residual grease and oil * Impacts to traffic 4.2.2 Impact of Untreated Wastewater Discharges from Household Connections A model was done to predict the impact of adding an additional 3000 households to the system before the wastewater treatment plant is constructed. The model makes certain assumptions. These assumptions and their limitations where interpreting the results are concerned and discussed in section 6.2.2 Details of the model and results are in Annex 2 At present, about 37% of households living in the project areas are connected to the existing combined drainage/ sewer system and discharge directly to nearby lake/ river/ sea, through which untreated wastewater or septic tank fluids are discharged to nearby rivers and coastal areas. The remaining (63%) discharge their septic wastewaters into the soil or to garden. Based on the FS report, Phase 1 of the project will include the connection of 2,000 new households to the upgraded drainage system. These households are located in four (4) outlet catchment areas as follows: Outlet 1: The area at where the sewer line No. 1 will be built in Vinh Hai and Vinh Phuoc Wards. Outlet 2: The surrounding area at where sewer line No.2 will be built at Vinh Hoa ward (Ba Lang outlet), Outlet 2 discharges directly to the sea. Outlet 3: The area near the proposed water treatment plant and discharges it iu Quan Truong River, to the location, 3.7 km far from its confluence with Tac River Outlet 4: Son Thuy area in the catchment area of the channel near Thong Nhat cooperative and discharges near the mouth of the Cai River (Tran Phu Bridge). 4.2.2.1 Predicted Total Pollution Loads Based on the number of people living in the areas and estimated existing connection rate reported in the EA socio-economic survey (37% of households connected), the predicted the changes in pollution loads are presented in Table ES -1 (baseline conditions). Final Environmental Assessment ES- 4 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table ES - 1: Estimated Changes in Pollution Load in Discharged Pipe Number of People BOD5 (kg I day) COD (kg / day) Estimated Baseline Phase I Baseline Phase 1 Baseline Phase 1 Changes Outlet 1 8,787 9,847 263,61 295 439,35 492 3°/ Outlet2 1,265 1,796 37.97 54 62.78 90 51% Outlet3 21,335 24,120 640.04 723.53 1,066.73 1,205.88 11% Outlet4 426 3,701 12.77 111.05 21.28 185.08 88% Total 31,813 39,463 954.38 1,183.81 1,590.64 1,973.09 19% 4.2.2.2 Predicted Change in Pollution Concentrations Outlet 1: The wastewater from the area of the Canal No. 1 from the Vinh Hai ward and Vinh Phuoc ward is discharged from the Outlet 1 to the 1.7 km long open channel connecting with the Cai river. The end of the channel is blocked at high tides by a salt water intrusion prevention dam which also blocks discharge when closed (in high tides). That this existing surface drainage route passes through a low-laying swampy area in the middle of the channel, which has an area of about 1 km2 and is used for rice farming and fishing. At present, the channel also receives wastewater from two seafood processing factories. The predicted concentration of BOD5 would increase some 12% with new Phase 1 household connections. Downstream Area of the Cai River: The downstream area of Cai River up to its confluence with the channel receiving wastewater from the Outlet 1 receives wastewater from the Outlets 1 and 4. Based on available data on the average flow discharges in the Cai River and conservative assumptions applied in the impact assessment, the predicted pollution concentrations (except SS) would increase some 38% with new Phase 1 household connections in outlet areas of the Cai River. The net values of these increased concentrations are meaningful only when the discharge flow is at its lowest values. Downstream Area of the Quan Truong River: The downstream area of Quan Truong River was assessed as it receives wastewater from the Outlet 3. If the fresh water flow from upstream is neglected, the contribution of domestic waste water to be discharged from Outlet 3 is small and with the new Phase 1 household connections, these concentration portions would increase by about 13%. When the dilution from upstream water flows is considered, the predicted pollution concentrations would be significantly less. The predicted changes in the receiving bodies are summarized in Table ES-2 Final Environmental Assessment ES- 5 I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table ES - 2 Changes in baseline conditions in receiving water bodies LOCATION Outlet I Outlet 2 Outlet 3 Outlet 4 Receiving body 0.6 km long open channel i South China Sea Quan Earth l 1 km2 low-laying area channel 1 - Truong 0.65 km long open channel River - Cai 4 Cai River. river It is noted that there is a salt I water intrusion prevention dam at the end of channel. BOD5 (mg/I) Baseline 44.38* N/A 10 10 Phase 1 49.61* Due to strong water 10.45 10.08 exchange between I wastewater and sea water, the wastewater 3 will rapidly mix with sea water but not rapidly dispensed. I % increase 12% N/A 5 1 TCVN 5942: < 25 < 20 (TCVN 5943: < 25 < 25 1 1995 (class B) 1995) Coliform Baseline 677 x 103(*) N/A 568 x 103 525 x 103 (MPN/ 100mI) Phase 1 688 x N/A N/A N/A I 103(*) % increase 2 N/A N/A N/A TCVN 5942- 10 x 103 1 X 10 3 10 x 10 3 10 x103 I 1995 (class B) Note: (*) the concentration of BOD5 and coliform in the open channel 4.2.2.3 Preliminary Impact Assessment and Recommendations * The total amounts of the pollutants contributed by the waste water discharged to the | downstream area of Cai and Quan Truong Rivers in the present condition and with New Phase 1 Connections are relatively small. When the wastewater collection construction for the 3 Phase 1 is made, the net increases of the pollutants loads are about 38% and 13% for the two rivers respectively. However, high dilution rate of the rivers will result in the predicted insignificant increase of these pollutant concentrations which will not exceed water quality standards based on available information assumption applied. The portions of pollutant concentrations from domestic water would be the highest in the case 3 * when the river flow is low and tidal amplitude is high. However, their net values are still small compared to the observed data represented the baseline conditions. | . The amounts of pollutants discharged through the Outlet 2 are very small compared to the active coastal water body. Thus the domestic waste from the Outlet 2 would not affect the Bay but may affect adjacent beach areas due to its open surface discharge. To mitigate such impacts, it is recommended to extent the pipeline off-shore or provide information program Final Environmental Assessment ES- 6 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang with signs along the beach area warning about the outlet discharges and potential public health risks of untreated wastewater effluents. Discharges from Outlets 1 and 4 due to unimproved open channels prior to final discharge to the receiving water body. Recommended mitigation measures include dredging of these channels to improve drainage and providing information programs to advise the public of outlet discharges and in the case of outlet 1, treating of fish factory wastewaters. The increased BOD concentrations in Cai and Quan Truong River as shown in analysis are relatively small. However, the high level of coliform concentration is of concern, which will increase when the rivers receive additional untreated wastewater from connected households. The most effective impact mitigation measure is to postpone the household connections until the WWTPs are operational or advance the schedule for constructing WWTPs to provide treatment earlier in the project period so that these project components are more closely linked. However, if it is agreed and locally approved to allow household connections to the combined sewer system prior to completion of the WWTPs, mitigation measures for "end of the pipe" treatments to reduce impacts and potential health risks are available and described. Under the without project condition, these household discharges and pollution loads would continue to be directly discharged from septic tanks systems to adjacent land areas or drainage canals following current practices. 3 4.2.2 Impacts of the Dredging Activities and Sediment Transport and Disposal The total volume of canal sludge to be dredged and deposited pipeline sediments to be removed is estimated at 3,000 m . This volume of dredging works and materials is considered limited in potential 3 | impacts, which will be dispersed over a number of proposed canal sites and pipeline routes and over a number of years of construction works. The sludge to be removed from urban drainage systems will be directly placed into tanker trucks for transport to the disposal site(s) so that storage time and impacts to the workers and local residents will be minimized. Based on sediment quality testing results, the proposed dredging material is primarily inorganic in nature and no special treatment handling or disposal is required. 3 4.2.3 Impacts of Solid Waste Management 3 Opening of the new 6 ha sanitary landfill site at Luong Hoa and closing the existing, nearby 4 - 6 ha Ru-Ri dumpsite will involve sensitive environmental issues and potential impacts. Proper design, 3 supervision and monitoring of these activities will be needed to ensure that potential impacts are properly managed, mitigated and monitored. 4.2.3.1 Impacts of Site Clearance Earthworks and levelling activities for the new site will displace the existing vegetation of about 6 ha of 1 | rocky shrub land, farm plots and cashew trees. Earth works at the site for its initial phase of I development is expected to move some 200,000 m3 materials of soil and rock. Based on the results of | geotechnical investigations, this excavated material will consist primarily of rock and sand which can largely be used on-site for levelling as well as for cover of the Ru-Ri dumpsite during closure. Final Environmental Assessment ES- 7 Il I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 4.2.3.2 Impact of Construction the New Luong Hoa Landfill Site 3 Air pollution: Dust and noise are the main types of air pollution generated during the construction phase. | * Dust emission generated from site activities of filling, material transport and excavation. 0 Air pollution (dust, SOx, NOx, CO) caused by construction equipment and transport vehicles I . Noise and vibration due to operation of construction equipment. Wastewater: Wastewater pollution generated during the construction phase includes: Domestic wastewater: Domestic wastewater generated from the estimated 100 workers who may be involved during construction sanitation is about 2.5 m3 /day and will contain high SS, BOD, nutrients * (N, P) and pathogens. Temporary septic tanks should be used in the construction phase to address these on-site sanitation needs * Run-off stormwater: During the rainy season, run-off storm water passing through the construction site contains grit and suspended solids (SS) with estimated concentrations of 500 - 5000 mg/l. Solid waste: Construction wastes, such as sand, waste concrete, wood and steel, can be collected 3 and reused or sold, so the impacts of these waste is not significant. About 35 kg of solid wastes per day may be generated by the estimated 100 workers at the site, which will need to be properly collected on-site into the waste bins and transported to the Ru Ri landfill by URENCO or by the 3 constructor. 1 4.2.3.3 Impact of Operating the New Luong Hoa Landfill Site Initial solid waste volumes to be transferred from the existing Ru-Ri dumpsite and handled by the new landfill site are in the projected range of 400 - 500 m3 per day, which will involve an estimated 50 - 100 vehicle trips per day to transport. The volume of landfill traffic will continue to increase with 3 projected increases in solid waste volumes to be transported which may create future impacts to ' traffic flows and public safety, particularly at the intersection of the landfill access road and National 5 Highway 1A. Impacts of Wastewater: There is no perennial surface water, lake or river in the proposed landfill area and the ocean is located more than four (4) km away to the west. A seasonal creek which passes through the landfill area originates from near the existing Ru-Ri dumpsite and as result, its' intermittent flows are seriously contaminated by leachate, as indicated by Dec. 2005 and Feb. 2006 test results showing COD concentrations at 244 mg/l compared to national standards of < 35 mg/l and Total Nitrogen concentrations ranging from 19 - 26.5 mg/I compared to national standards of 1 mg/I. 3 | 3 Domestic wastewater: About 0.5 m of domestic wastewater will be generated b the estimated 20 workers who may be employed during landfill operations. Adequate on-site sanitation facilities are provided in the basic design of the landfill facilities, including toilet facilities with septic tanks, the effluent from which will discharge to leachate treatment ponds. FI Final Environmental Assessment ES- 8 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Leachate: Wastewater will be produced from two sources: (1) from landfill cells and (2) from the N cleaning of solid waste trucks and platforms. The volume of leachate will increase during the wet season as rain passes through the landfill cells and will greatly decrease during the dry season. 3 As detailed in the FS, the peak amounts of leachate that will need to be treated is estimated at 1,133 m3. As further described in Chapter 7, these predicted leachate volumes will be treated on-site through a progressive series of ponds described as follows: | Pond No. 1 - 19,000 m3 (anerobic) 1 Pond No. 2 - 16,000 m3 (aerobic) Pond No. 313,000 m3 (polishing pond) - 3 The leachate will be treated to meet the national standard TCVN 5945: 1995 (limit for BOD5 of < 50 mg / I) prior to discharge to the seasonal stream course that crosses the landfill site. 3 Landfill gases: Land fill gas, also called biogas, is a typically a mixture of about 45 - 60 % methane and 40 - 60 % carbon dioxide in addition to trace amounts of other gases depending on the actual solid waste composition. Landfill gas can have a direct impact on the landfill area as it is inflammable and can lead to a smoldering fire inside the waste body or cause explosions. These gases can also impact the growth of nearby vegetation. More importantly, methane and carbon dioxide are strong greenhouse gases. Air emissions by vehicles / equipment used in the landfill operation: Total running time of all vehicles ranges from 9 - 11 hour every day. The key components of predicted air emissions are total particulate matter (TPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO.), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic carbon (VOC). I Odor: The odor-causing components are mainly hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia and VOC such as mercaptan. This odor problem is generally one of the most serious impacts to people living near a 3 landfill site. This impact is avoided by the lack of any residents near the landfill site and the provision 300 wide of a m buffer zone around the actual landfill facility. 3 Noise: Noise will be generated from landfill transport and operational vehicles, such as garbage trucks, bulldozer, and compactor. Average noise level of this works ranges from 75 - 85 dB. 4.2.3.3 Closure of the Existing Ru-Ri Dumpsite Proper closure of the existing Ru-Ri dumpsite will provide significant environmental benefits, particularly as measured by the elimination of untreated leachate as described above and landfill gas | flows. Design measures to collect and flare or utilize existing landfill gases from the Ru-Ri dumpsite 3 are included in the FS dumpsite closure recommendations and proposed budget. These landfill gas | measures will eliminate or minimize current and future impacts from release of some 500 - 700 m3 per hour of methane (a powerful "greenhouse" gas) to the atmosphere. While full closure of the Ru-Ri dumpsite can only occur once the new Luong Hoa landfill is ready for operation in 2008, the existing areas of the Ru-Ri dumpsite that are already filled to capacity and no longer actively used for disposal be progressively sealed as soon as possible to eliminate the potential for leachate generation. There Final Environmental Assessment ES- 9 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang should be no leachate flow after the dumpsite is closed. Detailed guidance for sealing and closure of the Ru-Ri dumpsite is provided in the Inter-Ministry Instructions on Regulation on Environment Protection for Solid Waste Management (SWM) Disposal Areas (No. 01/2001/TTLT-BKHCNMT-BXD). Existing Ru-Ri Waste Sorters: The estimated 200 informal waste sorters (scavengers) who often work at the existing Ru Ri dumpsite are expected to be displaced from their current sources of livelihood once this dumpsite is closed. As discussed during the Dec. 30, 2005 public consultations, additional project consideration should be given to these potential impacts in accordance with the Bank's social safeguard policies. These recommended project considerations will need to be detailed in the separately prepared Resettlement Plan. 4.2.3 Impact of Resettlement Site Development The proposed resettlement site in Dat Lanh is located in Vinh Thai Commune in sub-urban area, about 5 km far from City Center. At present, there are no major developments, residential areas, critical natural habitats or known physical cultural resources within the proposed resettlement site that will be impacted and proposed plans are in accordance with the City's master plan. During operation, the resettlement site can cause the same types of impacts that other residential living areas generate, such as the need for adequate access, public utilities and proper liquid and solid waste infrastrLIcture and services. Estimated wastes volumes and pollution loads that may be generated in the resettlement area during Phase 1 are provided in the EA to guide the detailed design of the site. 4.2.4 Impact from Septic Tanks The question of whether to retain the septic tanks after the house connections are made is still unanswered. The Pre-Feasibility Study done the the National Consultant states that most of the septic tanks are either leaking or not functioning properly. If the septic tanks are retained then test should confirm that all are watertight and will remain so for the life of the project. 4.2.5 Summary of Predicted Impacts on Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) The proposed sub-project area primarily involves urban or sub-urban areas of Nha Trang City. Non- urban lands of the sub-project area are widely used for rice farming and fish ponds. The nearby coastal areas largely consist of sandy beaches and offshore slopes. The nearest protected area, the World Bank-assisted Hon Mun Marine Park, is located some 10 - 15 km offshore, and hosts the highest level of recorded coral biodiversity in Vietnam. Proposed project activities will improve the environmental sanitation management for the many visitors to this well-known protected area. 4.2.6 Summary of Predicted Impacts on Cultural Resources (OP 4.11) Based on site surveys and local consultations, the proposed Phase 1 sub-project sites do not include any known physical cultural resources. The noted exception is the 4 hectare Kim Son Pagoda property which is located adjacent to the existing access road to the new Luong Hoa landfill site. This property includes a pagoda (private religious temple) which was built in 1972 and includes a primary school for children of poor families. Across the access road from the pagoda is a' cemetery which is under the management of two pagodas, the Tinh Xa Ngoc Tong, and Tinh Xa Ngoc Phat. This cemetery was established in 1971 and includes 600 graves. In order to avoid or minimize impact on these cultural properties, the option of improving an alternative access road to the landfill site will be studied during the detailed design stage as discussed with the owner's representatives of both cultural Final Environmental Assessment ES- 10 *I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang properties during the Dec. 30, 2005 public consultations. The cultural history of the general area is significant. As result, special attention will need to be given during proposed excavation and dredging activities for possible discovery of cultural or historical artifacts. Provisions for reporting any discoveries during excavation or dredging works are provided in the proposed Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of the Contract Documents. 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) In accordance with the Bank's OP 4.01, the draft final EA provides an EMP which is designed to: (a) Identify the set responses to potentially adverse impacts; (b) Determine requirements for ensuring that those responses are effectively made; and (c) Describe the means for meeting those requirements. 4.3.1 Mitigation Measures Based on the predicted Phase 1 environmental Impacts, appropriate mitigation measures are identified and described for each of the key project stages and types of impacts, including: Mitigation Measures during Detailed Design, including general design considerations; design of drainage and sewerage systems; design of solid waste transfer stations: Mitigation Measures during Construction, including specific mitigation measures during excavation and dredging activities; Mitigation Measures During Operation, including drainage and sewerage systems, solid waste transfer station: environmental mitigation measures for resettlement sites The main issues during operation phase are the mitigation measures for temporary discharging frorm new Household connection and for the new Luong Hoa landfill site a. Mitigation measures for temporary discharging form new HHs connection As described in the Draft Final EA for each sub-project, the most effective impact mitigation measure (and our recommendation) would be to postpone the schedule for supporting household connections until the WWTPs are operational or advance the schedule for constructing WWTP to 3 provide treatment earlier in the project period so that these project components are more closely ' linked. Summarized existing environmental conditions, baseline conditions, changes in baseline 3 conditions resulting from the additional house connections and recommended mitigation. Are repsented in ES-3 table l l 3 [ | ~~~Final Environmental Assessment ES- 11 - m m m ------ m - - - - Nha Trang Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) discharge - Nha Trang City Table ES - 3 Summary of environmental impacts and mitigations for temporary Outlet 3 Outlet 4 Outlet 1 Outlet 2 Quan Truong River Earth channel - Cai river Receiving 0.6 km long open channel 1 km2 South China Sea Description of - body low-laying area 0.65 km long Outlet condition - open channel e Cai River. It is noted that there is a salt water intrusion prevention dam at the end of channel. - Highly variable flow rate: - The hydraulic regime of the Hydraulic - The water in the channel flows - Tide regime 0.8m3/s in dry season and 12.4 earth channel and Cai river regime very slowly. In high tide, water is m3/s in rainy season. depend on the tide regime. blocked due to closing of the dam - Water flow of Cai river is ranging from 5 to 11 m3/s during dry season and 2,500 - 4,500m3/s during rainy season. - Receiving storm water for the - The earth channel is used for Water Usage - rice farming and fishing - Swimming city drainage - The existing earth channel - The people living near the Existing - The channel also receives - At present, the outlet is considered as plays an important role in channel are affected by odor, environmental wastewater from 2 seafood a pollution point for nearby swimming drainage for the west catchment especially in dry season. processing factories and heavily area. issues of the city. - The downstream section of polluted by odor in dry season. - There are no people living Cai river is near tourist area and - Productivity of fishing is affected by near the outlet. the water still clean. wastewater. 10 10 Baseline 44.38* N/A BOD5 (mg/l) ES- 13 Final Environmental Assessment m - m- m m - m m m Nha Trang Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Outlet 3 Outlet 4 Outlet 1 Outlet 2 10.45 10.08 Phase 1 49.61* Due to strong water exchange between wastewater and sea water, the wastewater will rapidly mix with sea water but not rapidly dispersed. 5 1 % increase 12% N/A < 25 < 25 TCVN 5942: < 25 c 20 (TCVN 5943: 1995) 1995 (class B) 568 x 103 525 x 103 Baseline 677 x 103(*) N/A Coliform (MPN/ N/A N/A Phase 1 688 x 103 (*) N/A lOOml) N/A N/A % increase 2 N/A 10 X 10 3 10 x 103 TCVN 5942- 10 x 103 1 X03 1995 (class B) 3.1km upstream from outlet 3 4.6km upstream from outlet 4 1.7km downstream from the outlet N/A Mixing zone (km) (in high tide and min. discharge (in high tide and min. discharge (in dry season) flow) flow) - The existing earth channel will - Dredge the channel - The city should have the two - The existing earth channel will be Mitigation be replaced by box culvert. - Replace the open earth seafood processing factories pre- replaced by box culvert. measures - Promote community channel by box culvert. treat their wastewater before - Promote community awareness awareness campaign, in which - Promote community discharging to the channel. campaign, in which people do not throw people do not throw garbage in awareness campaign, in which - Dredge the channel. garbage to channel and avoid solid the channel people do not throw garbage - Take out the accumulated garbage waste go into the drainage system. - Install coarse screen on the into channel regularly from channel - Increased water quality monitoring in outlet, regularly remove floating - Increased water quality - Promote community awareness discharge area. solids and dredge sediment in monitoring in discharge area. campaign, in which people do not - Signage to alert the public and tourists of the potential health risk. the culvert. throw garbage to the channel. - Increased water quality monitoring in discharge area. ES- 14 Final Environmental Assessment Nha Trang Project (CCESP) Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Outlet 3 Outlet4 Outlet 1 Outlet 2 The predicted pollutant The predicted pollutant This outlet is close to popular swimming - At present, the channel is already concentration in Cai river is still Recommendation concentration in Quan Truong and tourist areas. Increased discharge polluted, so no new HH should be below the national standard, river is still below the nationat will increase the pollutants and adverse connected. however, the downstream standard, but the concentration health risks to the tourists. No new HH of coliform at present is many section of Cai river is near should be connected to the system. times higher than that of tourist area. Discharging national standard and it might untreated wastewater might increase if the river receives increase the risk for public more wastewater. If additional health. The authorities should house connections are exercise caution in approving approved, the authorities should additional house connections to limit the numbers to that stated be made before the wastewater in the pre-feasibility study. treatment plants are completed. coliform in the open channel. Note: (*) the concentration of BOD5 and ES- 15 Final Environmental Assessment 3 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tiang b. Mitigation measures during operation of the new Luong Hoa landfill site A basic mitigation measure that will be established for the new facility is the 300 meter wide buffer zone around the actual landfill site. 3 Domestic wastewater: A septic tank with capacity of 2 m3 will be installed. Leachate treatment: leachate will be collected by leachate collection pipe. Leachate will be treated in 3 three lined treatment ponds which progressively treat the leachate: Pond No. 1: 19,000 m3 (anaerobic), Phond No.2: 16,000m3 (aerobic), and Pond No. 3: 13,000m3 (polishing pond). The leachate will be treated to meet National standard (TCVN 5945:1995) for effluent which sets a maxirnum BOD5 limit of 50mg/l. Minimizing Leachate Volume: Drainage canals and maintenance roads will be provided above and around the perimeter of the landfill site to collect and divert seasonal run-off flows to the creek below | the landfill site. 3 Protecting ground water: Unlike Ru Ri dump site, Luong Hoa landfill is provided with the liner system to avoid the permeate of leachate to groundwater. Landfill gas: Methane and carbon dioxide are the main portion in landfill gas. In consideration of little amount of LG, the gas collection and flare system are used. Hazardous waste cell: There will be one section of the landfill site (Phase I) designated for the I disposal of hazardous waste. The hazardous waste section (HWS) needs to have an own leachate pipe and an own leachate collection shaft. The leachate shall be stored in a separate pond for I chemical treatment if necessary. 4.3.2 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting 3 Environmental monitoring will be conducted at the following four (4) levels: * Monitoring of project performance indicators; 1 | Monitoring of the contractor's implementation of required mitigation measures by the Construction Management Consultant (CMC); * Community based monitoring; and | . * Overall regulatory monitoring of the project. U A set of monitoring indicators is proposed to assess the implementation at various project stages. | These performance monitoring indicators will be agreed in the final EA report, EMP and Iroject 3 Implementation Plan (PIP) as well as the findings and recommendations of the Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant to be appointed under the project. The PMU will be 1 responsible for preparing bi-annual performance monitoring reports, which will detail project progress | with respect to agreed targets, including the agreed environmental project performance indicators. l" 4.3.3 Project Organization for Environmental Management System 3 The draft EA recommends an organizational and systematic approach towards an environmental " management system involving the following key project stakeholders and responsibilities: 3 Project Management Unit (PMU): The PMU has the overall responsibility to implement and monitor the EMP. Assisted by the ISM and CMC consultants, the PMU will monitor the implementation of Final Environmental Assessment ES- 16 Ul Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 3 mitigation measures during the contractor's construction works. The proposed PMU staffing organization will include at least one environmental mitigation and monitoring specialist. 3 Community Representatives: At the tertiary and household connection levels, community representatives will be encouraged to monitor environmental sanitation conditions in their areas. Construction Management Consultant (CMC): The main tasks of CMC are monitoring basic construction practices and procedures, including SOPs for mitigating environmental impacts. 3 Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant: The ISM will be responsible for monitoring EMP irmpleimentation activities and ensuring that agreed environmental and social safeguard policies oif the GoV and the Bank are applied and monitored. 3 4.3.4 Capacity Development and Training 3 Needed training on how to implement effective environmental monitoring, mitigation and reporting measures and systems will be provided to key stakeholders (PMU, contractors and community representatives) based on the actual project needs, roles and responsibilities. 3 4.3.5 Budget Requirements for Environmental Management, Mitigation and Monitoring 3 A summary of the proposed budgets for recommended CCESP environmental management, mitigation and monitoring measures is presented in Table ES - 4. 3 Table ES - 4: Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD) Description Proposed Budget Source of Budget 1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures Costs included in construction contracts Loan proceeds * 2 Environmental Training of PMUs, 17,000 Loan proceeds communities etc. I 3 Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) 23,000 Loan proceeds 4Environmental Monitoring by CMC Costs included in Supervision Contract Loan proceeds U 5 EMP Administration & Management by Costs included in PMU operating costs GoV counterpart _ _ PMU Total 40,000 Note: Proposed budget costs exclude VAT, contingency and escalation costs. I| Final Environmental Assessment ES- 17 U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trancg TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 Background of the Project ..................................................... 1.1 1.1.1 Objective of the Environmental Assessment (EA) ....................................................... 1.3 1.2 Summary Description of Phase 1 of the Proposed Sub-Project ................................ ......... 1.3 1.2.1 Component 1. Drainage, Flood Control and Wastewater Collection ..................... ......... ...... 1.4 1.2.2 Component 3: Solid Waste Management ....................................................... 1.4 1.2.3 Component 4: Resettlement. 1.4 ....................................................... 1.2.4 Component 5: Sanitation Revolving Fund ....................................................... 1.4 1.2.5 Component 6: Capacity Building and Impler;ientation Support . ............................... 1.4 4........... 1.3 Summary Description of Phase 2 of the Proposed Sub-Project ....................... .................. 1.9 1.4 Implementation Schedule of the Proposed Sub-Project ..................................................... 1.9 2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION .................................... ................ 2.1 2.1 Environmental Management ..................................................... 2.1 2.2 Environmental Laws and Standards related to the Project .................................................. 2.1 2.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies to be Addressed in the EA ................................................. 2.1 3 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PLANNING FRAMEWORK ................................ ......... 3.1 3.1 Summary of the Sub-Project Setting ............. ......................... . ............. 3.1 3. 1.1 Summary of Current Environmental Sanitation Issues and Constraints ........................ 3.1 3........ 3.2 Previous and On-going Related Projects and Studies ..................................................... 3.2 3.3 Project Relationship to Development Master Plans and Forecasts ...... ............................. 3.2 . 3.3. 1 Master Plan Objectives for Environmental Protection....................................................... 3.2 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND BASELINE DATA ................................ 4.1 4.1 Climate Conditions ..................................................... 4.1 4. 1.1 Tropical Storms and Typhoons ...................................................... 4.1 4.2 Topography and Soil Conditions ................................................. . .. 4.2 4.3 Flora l Fauna and Natural Habitats .................................................... 4.2 4.4 Sea and River Conditions .................................................... 4.2 4.4. 1 Tide and Wave Regime ...................................................... ; 4.2 4.42 River and Sea Water Quality...................................................... 4.2 4.4.3 River Hydraulics ...................................................... 4.7 4.5 Population and Socio-Economic Environment .......................................... 4.8 4.5. 1 Summary of the Socio-Economic Survey of Three Project-Affected Wards . . 4.8 4.5.2 Public Health and Safety ...................................................... 4.9 IUI. Final Environmental Assessment ES- 18 Coastal Cities Ernvironmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 4.5.3 Pro vincial Economic Structure .4.9 4.5.4 Tourism.4.10 4.6 Status of Environmental Sanitation in the Sub-Project Area .4.10 4.6. 1 Drainage, Flooding and Wastewater .4. 11 4.6.2 Solid Waste.4.11 4.6.3 Status of the Existing Ru-Ri Dumpsite .4. 12 5 ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT .5.1 5.1 Without the Project Situation .5.1 5.2 Drainage, Flood Control and Wastewater Collection Alternatives .5.1 5.2. 1 Options for Household Connections to the New Sewer System .5 1 5.3 Solid Waste Management Alternatives .5.1 5.3. 1 Alternatives Considered in the FS of the New Sanitary Landfill Facility .. 55 5.3.2 Opportunities to Introduce Waste Minimization / Segregation .. 55 5.4 Resettlement Alternatives .5.6 5.5 Septic tanks: .5.6 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .6.1 6.1 Impact of Construction Works .6.1 6. 1.1 Street Excavations .6 1 6. 1.2 Dust Pollution from Excavations and Levelling. 62 6. 1.3 Dust and Air Pollution from Construction Vehicles .6. 3 6.1.4 Noise and Vibration of Transport Vehicles and other Construction Equipmment 6.3 6. 1.5 Domestic Wastes Generated During Construction. 6.4 6.1.6 Leakage of Residual Grease and Oil .6.4 6. 1.7 Impact to Transportation .6.4 6.2 Impacts of Untreated Wastewater Effluent Discharges from New Household Connections.. 6.5 6.2.1 Predicted Total Pollution Load. 6 10 6.2.2 Predicted Changes in Pollution Concentrations in Low-laying land area of Outlet 1. 6. 12 6.2.3 Predicted Change of Pollution Concentrations in Cai River .6. 15 6.2.4 Predicted Change of Pollution Concentrations in Quan Truong River. 6.17 6.3 Impact of the Dredging Activities and Sediment Transport and Disposal.6.21 6.3. 1 Impacts on Air Quality and Safety .6.21 6.3.2 Impact of Transporting and Disposing of Dredged Sludge .6.22 6.4 Impacts of Solid Waste Management .6.23 6.4. 1 Impact of Site Clearance and Proposed Use ............................................ I 6.23 6.4.2 Impacts of Constructing the New Luong Hoa Landfill Site .............................. .............. 6.25 6.4.3 Impacts of Operating the New Landfill Site ............................................ 6.26 6.4.4 Closure of the Existing Ru-R Dumpsite ............................................6.30 i 6.5 Impact of Resettlement Site Development ............................................ 6.32 Final Environmental Assessment ES- 19 Coastal Cities Environmlental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tian(g 6 5. 1 Impact of Area Selection .................. 6.32 6.52 Impact of Site Clearance ................... ' 6.32 6.53 Impact of Site Levelling, Road and Housing Construction ............................. ................. 6.32 6.54 Impact of Resettlement Site Operation. .............................................. 6.32 6.6 Impacts Identified during Public Consultations ............................................... 6.33 6.6. 1 Public Consultation Meetings.............................................. 6.33 6.62 First Stage of Public Consultations ............................................... 6.33 6.6.3 Second Stage Public Consultations .............................................. 6 33 7 MITIGATION MEASURES .............................................. 7.1 7.1 Introduction .............................................. 7.1 7.2 Mitigation Measures during Detailed Design ............................................... 7.1 72.1 Generic Design Instructions .............................................. 7. 1 72.2 Drainage and Sewerage .............................................. : 72 7.2.3 Design ofLuong Hoa Landfill ............................................... 72 7.3 Mitigation Measures during Construction .............................................. 7.3 7.3. 1 Specific Mitigation Measures during Construction Activities .............................................. 75 73.2 Standards for Making Households Connections .............................................. 7.6 73.3 Specific Mit.gation Measures during Dredging Activities .................................... 77 7.......... 7.4 Mitigation Measures during Operation .............................................. 7.7 7.4.1 Drainage and Sewerage .............................................. 77 74.2 Solid Waste Management .............................................. 7.13 8 MONITORING AND REPORTING .............................................. 8.20 8.1 Project Performance Indicators .............................................. 8.9 8.2 Monitoring Implementation of Mitigation Measures ...................... ........................ 8.9 8.3 Community Based Monitoring .............................................. 8.10 8.4 Overall Regulatory Monitoring .............................................. 8.10 8.5 Summary of Proposed Environmental Monitoring Measures ............................................. 8.10 9 PROJECT ORGANIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING.. ............................................................................................................ I................................................................. 9 .1 9.1 Project Management Unit (PMU) ....................................................................... 9.1 9.2 Community Representatives ........................................................................ 9.2 9.3 Construction Management Consultant (CMC) ................................... ................................ 9.2 9.4 Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant ........................................................ 9.3 10 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ................................................................. 10.1 10.1 Environmental Training ....................................................................... 10.1 11 BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, MITIGATION AND MONITORING ......... 11.1 Final Environmental Assessment ES- 20 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Ti-ang I LIST OF FIGURES PART I Figure I - 1.1 Location Map of CCESP Sub-Project Cities ............................................................. 1.2 Figure I - 1.2 Locations of Components under Nha Trang Sub-Project - Phase I, CCESP ........... 1.6 Figure I - 1.3 Location of Luong Hoa Landfill site .............................................................. 1.7 Figure I - 1.4 Layout of the Proposed Luong Hoa Sanitary Landfill ................................................ 1.8 Figure I - 1.5 Implementation Schedule, including Key Environmental Activities ........................... 1.9 Figure I - 4.1 Representative Site Photographs - Nha Trang City .................................................. 4.3 Figure I - 4.2 Location Map of Water and Sediment Quality Testing Stations ................................ 4.5 I FigLire I - 4.3 Summary of CCESP Water Quality Sampling Results: Nha Trang .......................... 4.6 Figure I - 4.4 Model of Flow Distribution, Quan Truong and Tac Rivers ......................................... 4.8 Figure I - 4.5 Graph of Frequency of Common Illness (Sources: Khanh Hoa Health Service) ....... 4.9 Figure I - 4.6 Existing Ru-Ri Open Dumpsite ............................................................. 4.13 Figure I - 6.1 General Location and Photographs of Discharge Outlets and Receiving Water Bodies ............................................................................ I...... ......................... I.. .................................................... 6 .8 Figure I - 6.2 General Diagram of Outlet 1 connected to Cai River ............................................... 6.13 I Figure I - 6.3 Gen Diagram of Outlets 1 and 4 to the Cai River ................................................ 6.15 eral Figure I - 6.4 Predicted Pollution Concentrations and Impact Areas, Outlets I and 4 to Cai River during ebb tide........................................................ 6.16 Figure I - 6.5 Predicted BOD 5 Concentrations and Impact Areas in Cai River during Neap Tide I Phase ........................................................ 6.17 Figure I - 6.6 General Diagram of Outlet 3 and Quan Truong River ..............................................6.18 Figure I - 6.7 Predicted Impact Area and BOD5 Concentrations in Quan Truong River ................ 6.18 I Figure I - 6.8 Predicted BOD 5 Concentrations and Impact Areas in Quan Truong River during Neap 6.19 Tide Phase ....................... Figure I - 6.9 DO depletion of Dong Bo River ....................... 6.20 Figure I - 6.10 General Location, Topographic and Proposed Site Development Map, Luong Hoa Landfill ........................ 6.24 Figure I - 6.11 Predicted Landfill Gas Generation and Collection, Low Case Scenario . 6.29 Figure I - 6.12 Predicted Landfill Gas Generation and Collection, High Case Scenario . 6.29 I - 7.1 Figure II Topographic Model of the Proposed Luong Hoa Sanitary Landfill Site . 7.3 7.16 Figure 11 - 7.2 Proposed 300 m wide Buffer Zone around the Luong Hoa Sanitary Landfill . Figure 11 - 7.3 Cross Section of the Landfill Site, Phase 1. 7.18 Figure II - 7.4 . Start of Closure Procedure during Phase 11 7.18 1 Figure II- 7.5 Final Closure of the remaining part of the Landfill Site after Completion . 7.18 9.1 Figure II - 9.9.1 Project Organizational for Environmental Management and Monitoring . I 1 ~~Final Environmental Assessment ES- 21 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nbia Trang LIST OF TABLES I PART I Table I - 1.1 Phase 1 Sub-project Components, Nha Trang .......................................................... 1.5 3 Table I - 3.1 Summary of the Development Framework and Master Plans for Nha Trang ............ 3.3 Table I - 4.1 Monthly Average Wind Velocity (in m / second) and Direction: Nha Trang (1997-2000) ................................................................................................................................ 4 ....1 Table I - 4.2 Some Typical Features of Tropical Storms and Typhoons in the Sub-Project Area.. 4.1 Table I - 4.3 Summary Analysis of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Coliform at Four DONRE Monitoring Sites in Nha Trang City (2000 - 2004) ..................................... ............... 4.7 | Table I - 4.4 Socio-Economic Classification of Households (income values in VND) .................... 4.8 Table I - 4.5 Economic Structure of Khanh Hoa Province .................................. ......................... 4.10 Table I - 4.6 4.10 Number of Tourists and Tourism Revenue, Khanh Hoa Province (2001 - 2004) ... Table I - 4.7 Summary Composition of Urban Solid Waste, Nha Trang (Feb. 2004) ................... 4.12 Table I - 5.1 Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages of Household Connection Options .Error! Bookmark not defined. Table I - 5.2 Comparative Analysis & Ranking of Alternative Solid Waste Management Approaches ................................................................. 5.5 ................ 5................................................. Table I - 5.3 Summary of Survey Responses from Affected People on Resettlement Alternatives ..................... .................................................................................................................................... .5.6 Table I - 6.1 Estimated Volume of Excavations for Drainage and Combined Sewer Pipelines ...... 6.2 | Table I - 6.2 Estimated air pollutants and noise loading ................................................................. 6.? Table I - 6.3 Dust and Air Pollution Coefficient of Construction Vehicles (source. GEMIS V4.1)6.3 Table I - 6.4 Predicted Dust and Air Pollution Load Generated from Construction Vehicles (kg / I day) ................................................................ 6.3 Table I - 6.5 Predicted Noise Levels frorn Construction Vehicles and Equipment ......................... 6.4 | Table I - 6.6 Summary of Predicted Total Pollutant Loads for Four Discharge Outlets ................ 6.11 Table I - 6.7 Predicted Changes in Pollutant Loadings in the Channel ........................................ 6.13 Table I - 6.8 Predicted Changes in Pollutant Concentrations in the Channel in the Dry Season.6.14 Table I - 6.9 Estimated Pollutant Removal by Natural Wetland along Outlet 1 Channel . 6.15 Table I - 6.10 Predicted Total Pollution Loads at Present and with new Phase 1 Household Connections ................................................................ 6.15 Table I - 6.11 Predicted Upper Boundary at Present and with new Phase 1 Household Connections | ...................................................................... I.......................I................................ . ................................................ 6 .16 1 Table I - 6.12 Summary of CCESP Sediment Quality Sampling Results, Nha Trang .................. 6.22 Table I - 6.13 Predicted Air Emission Loadings during Construction Phase - Luong Hoa Landfill Table I - 6.14 Summary of Groundwater Quality Testing Results (Dec. 2005), Luong Hoa Landfill Site .............................................. 6.27 Table I - 6.15 Typical Composition of Landfill Gas ............................................... 6.28 Table I - 6.16 Air Emission Loading by Vehicles during Landfill Operations ................................. 6.30 Final Environmental Assessment ES- 22 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 6.17 Comparative Quality of Untreated Leachate from Loc Ninh Landfill, Dong Hoi City | ~~~~~~~~~~~~.......................................................................................................................... .........6 .. ....................... .3 1 * Table I - 6.18 Predicted Liquid and Solid Waste Volumes and Pollution Loads during Operation 6.33 3 Table II - 7.1 General Environmental Mitigation Measures during Construction ............................ 7.3 Table H1- 7.2 Summary of environmental impacts and mitigations for temporary discharge - Nha 3 Trang City .................................................... 7.10 ..7......... Table II - 8.1 Summary of Proposed Environmental Measures and Parameters .8.10 Table II - 10.1 Environmental Training Program .10.1 Table II - 11.1 Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD) 1 11. l I l l 1 I I II. I 1 1 I ~ Final Environmental Assessment ES- 23 11 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha TIrang List of Annexes Annex 1 List of EA Preparers and References Annex 2 Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results | Annex 2.1: Air and Water Quality Baseline Data for Quy Nhon (2002 - 2005), Province pf Binhl Dinh Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) Annex 2.2: Copies of CCESP Water Quality Testing Results J Annex 2.3: Summary Results of CCESP Hydraulic Modelling Annex 2.4: Copies of CCESP Sediment Quality Testing Results | Annex 2.5: Copies of CCESP Geotechnical Investigation Results - Luong Hoa Landfill Site Annex 3 : Public Consultation and Disclosure Annex 3.1: Summary Results from the Socio-Economic Survey and Household Consultations | Annex 3.2: Summary of Socio-Economic Survey and Household Consultations (Sept. - Oct. 2005) Annex 3.3: List of Participants and Minutes of 2nd Public Consultation in Quy Nhon for EA Annex 3.4: Summary Documentation and Results of Questionnaire Survey conducted of Project Affected People (PAPs) near Phase 1 Discharge Outlets Annex 3.5 : PPU Disclosure Letter for Quy Nhon Draft EA | Annex 4: Recommended Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Environmental Management during Construction l l l I l l l Final Environmental Assessment ES- 24 l Coastal Cities Environnmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ORGANIZATIONS CCESP Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project CPC City People's Committee DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment MOC Ministry of Construction MOF Ministry of Finance MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmenit MOSTE Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment NGO Non-governmental organization PMU Project Management Unit PPC Provincial People's Committee PPU Project Preparation Unit PWU Provincial Women's Union URENCO Urban Environment Company VIWASE Water Supply and Sewerage Consultant Company WB, the Bank The Wo, ld Bank WSSC Water supply and sewerage company OTHERS EA Environmental Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan FS Feasibility Study GOV Government of Vietnam HDPE High Density Polyethylene HH Households PIP Project Implementation Plan Pre-FS Pre Feasibility Study RAP Resettlement Action Plan TOR Terms of Reference WWTP Waste water treatment plant UNITS USD or US$ United States Dollar VND Vietnamese Dong M Meters km Kilometers L Liter 3 m cubic meters t Ton kg Kilogram ha Hectare II A I Final Environmental Assessment ES- 25 I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha ITrang GLOSSARY Combined Sewers Pipes, drains or culverts that carry both rain water and wastewater which in dry weather only carry wastewater. During heavy rain, they carry a highly diluted mixture of rain water and wastewater. Dumpsite A site used to dispose of solid waste without any management and/or environmental J controls. Healthcare Waste IncluGes all waste generated by healthcare institutions, research facilities and laboratories. Incineration Thermal processing or combustion of waste in a controlled environment used primarily for volume reduction. Interceptor Sewers Interceptor sewers are used in conjunction with combined sewer systems to intercept wastewater prior to discharge into lakes, rivers or the ocean (where it would cause I Leachate pollution.) In dry weather, interceptor sewers transfer all wastewater from combined sewer systems. In wet weather, the highly diluted wastewater discharges to the lakes, etc. Contaminated water which has percolated through waste and typically contains dissolved 1 Sanitary Landfill or suspended solids and/or liquids. Properly sited, designed and operated method of disposing waste to land in a manner that protects the environment and public health. 3 Separate Sewers Separate systems of sewers haye two different pipes that are not inter-connected; one for rain water and a separate one for wastewater. Septage Sludge that accumulates within septic tanks and must be periodically removed for disposal. Transfer Station Facility at which waste collected by small vehicles and push carts is transferred to larger I Waste Water Treatment Plant vehicles for economical haulage to treatment / disposal facilities. Facility at which wastewater is collected and treated to reduce the amount of pollutants in wastewater. I II Coastal Cities Enviionmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tiang I EEMRONMENTAL ASESME 1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION I 1.1 Background of the Project Consistent with the Government of Vietnam's (GoV) strategy of developing the sanitation and drainage components of its' urban infrastructure during the period of 2001 - 2010, the proposed Coastal Cities Environmental and Sanitation Project (CCESP) represents the next tier of smaller coastal cities with high tourism potential in which the World Bank has been invited to invest in environmental sanitation. The CCESP builds on recent and on-going projects of the Bank's urban sector portfolio in Vietnam, including the on-going Three Cities Sanitation Project (Loan No. 3211 - VN) and previously completed Ho Chi Minh City Sanitation Project and Urban Upgrading Project. As an initial step to help improve sanitation and control pollution in smaller coastal cities, the GoV selected the three cities of Nha Trang (Khanh Hoa Province), Quy Nhon (Binh Dinh Province) and Dong Hoi (Quang Binh Province) to participate in the proposed CCESP, the general locations of which are shown in Figure I - 1.1: These three cities of central Vietnam were selected because they are currently experiencing higher than average rates of population growth and economic development, and a recognized need for environmental sanitation investments that are beyond the present resources of the national and local governments to address in the near future. Within the three targeted urban areas, the primary CCESP environmental sanitation objectives are to help: . Reduce the incidence of flooding; . * Separate wastewater and storm drainage collection systems, . Construct new wastewater collection, pumping and treatment system and facilities; . Improve the collection and ensuring the safe disposal of solid waste; . Establish new and better designed landfill sites . * Strengthen the capacity of the urban environmental companies (URENCO) in each city. Meeting these objectives is expected to result in improved public health, especially for poor residents in the project cities, reversed environmental degradation and improved functioning of san;tation infrastructure and lead to higher efficiency and economic growth potential, particularly from tourism. To meet these objectives, the CCESP will support six (6) components, namely: . * Component 1: Drainage and wastewater . Component 2: Wastewater treatment .* Component 3: Solid waste management . Component 4: Resettlement . Component 5: Sanitation revolving fund . Component 6: Capacity building and implementation support Final Environmental Assessment PART I 1.1 U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Ntha Trang Figure I - 1.1 Location Map of CCESP Sub-Projeqt Cities I ,- - ~CHINA -,j> I , t'1 I T::Af LAOS . sI ~~~~~~~HAN IN QUANG BINH PROVINCE ,DoNG Hoc SOUTH CHINA SEA (EAST SEA) SOCIALIST REPUBLIC 3s - ] {WAF.^hil'- | OF VlETNAM THAILAND i >* I \ o BIN'H DINH PROVINCE I i QUY NHON CITY CAMBODIA I O 5 -- |I<\ - Acl&< - ,-- I.HANHiOA PROVINCE hE - ' '\ ,/-' hM ~~~~~~~~NHATRANIG CiTY ,,,Z,:, \ S;9i;< O~~CHIIIINH CITYY | 0 200 400 KMl -- I| ~~~~Final Environmental Assessment I PART I 1.2 I Coastal Cities Enviroiinmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranig Building on lesson's learned to date from related projects, the preparation and implementation of the CCESP will be phased, with Phase 1 schedule to be implemented between mid-2007 to 2011 and Phase 2 scheduled to be implemented between early-2008 to 2013. This draft final EA is limited to proposed Phase 1 activities in Nha Trang City. 3 In May 2005, a consultancy contract was signed with the Vietnamese National Consultants - Vietnam Water Supply and Sewerage Consultant Company (VIWASE) for a part of Phase 1 work and on August 2, 2005, a similar contract was signed with The Louis Berger Group - The Nippon Koei (LBG- NK) association to do other work related to Phase 1 preparation. In February 2004, a Pre-Feasibility Study (Pre-FS) was done for the three (3) cities included in the CCESP by the National Consultant. 3 Prior to this, separate specialist studies in solid waste and wastewater treatment options were funded by Dutch government, World Bank and US Agency for International Development (USAID) to 3 investigate treatment and disposal choices and to advise the National Consultant before and during the preparation of the Pre-FS. The World Bank (WB), on behalf of the Government of Vietnam (GOV), secured Japanese grant funding (PHRD Grant) to support preparation of the two CCESP phases. 1. 1.1 Objective of the EnvironmentalAssessment (EA) The following document has been designed to meet the concurrent requirements of the World Bank, the Government of Vietnam and the Province of Khanh Hoa to properly assess potential environmental impacts for proposed Phase 1 activities as a basic part of the project preparation -ycle. I The following document provides specific guidance on measures needed to mitigate, manage and monitor potential environmental impacts during implementation and operation. Social impacts are l addressed in the separately submitted Resettlement Plan. 1.2 Summary Description of Phase 1 of the Proposed Sub-Project In summary, the objectives of the Nha Trang City Sub-project, Phase 1 are to: | . Improve the drainage capabilities in the City center and in residential areas north of the Cai River and south of the airport; * . Re-direct westward all wastewaters currently heading to the coastal area; and 3 * Improve solid waste management in the City center and in new urban areas in the north and | in the south, e.g., Vinh Thai, Tac River area, west of Le Hong Phong Road, Dat Lanh. 3 Based on the Pre-PF and FS, a summary of the proposed Phase 1 CCESP Sub-Project investments | in Nha Trang City are summarized in Table I - 1.1. No Component 2 (Wastewater Treatment) activities are not proposed in Nha Trang during Phase 1, so this subject will only be addressed in the 3 following EA in the context of Phase 2 and not included in the Phase 1 assessment. Figure I - 1.2 | provides a general project location map of these proposed Phase 1 component activities, which are summarized in the following sections. *r Final Environmental Assessment PART I 1.3 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 1.2. 1 Component 1. Drainage, Flood Control and Wastewater Collection During Phase 1, existing "combined" sewer systems' will be either rehabilitated or replaced and expanded, involving a total length of 22 kilometers in the City's three main drainage areas: 1.) central area, 2.) north of Cai River 3.) south of the airport. These targeted combined sewer systems are located within existing right-of-way (ROW) areas of public roads and sidewalks but generally involved urban residential and business areas and traffic. Existing outfalls that are subject to tidal influence will have flap valves installed. In addition, one pumping station (PS No. 6) will be constructed. 1.2.2 Component 3: Solid Waste Management Proposed Phase 1 land acquisition and resettlement activities will immediately be followed by development of the new sanitary landfill with 6 ha area at Luong Hoa and closure / rehabilitation of the existing nearby Ru Ri dumpsite. During Phase 1, various transport and compaction vehicles and storage bins will also be purchased to improve solid waste collection and transport. 1.2.3 Component 4: Resettlement The proposed resettlement area for current occupants of the proposed Luong Hoa sanitary landfill site involves a 5 ha area located in the Dat Lanh residential area of Nha Trang City. The proposed resettlement site consists of farmland and a Resettlement Plan has been separately prepared anid submitted by the project guide these activities, which involve 47 displaced households. 1.2.4 Component 5. Sanitation Revolving Fund This proposed Fund is designed to provide poorer households small loans to enable them to properly construct or rehabilitate their toilet, septic tank and connect to new sewer lines. 1.2.5 Component 6. Capacity Building and Implementation Support Proposed Phase 1 activities will include the following: Capacity Building: * Training workshops and capacity building programs . Geographic Information System (GIS) and Management Information System (MIS) . Technical assistance (TA) support for household sanitation . * TA for private sector participation (PSP) Implementation Support: . TA, vehicles and equipment for PMU project management * Preparation of Phase 2 studies and documents . Construction supervision of Phase 1 sub-project * Auditing EA and RAP monitoring l 1 Combined sewers involve pipes. drains or culverts that carry both storm water and wastewater In dry weather, they carry only wastewater Dufing heavg raii, they carry a mixture of storm water and wastewater and the wastewater is highly diluted Final Environmental Assessment PART i 1.4 I , Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 1.1 Phase 1 Sub-project Components, Nha Trang 3 A. Subproject Component DRAINAGE, FLOOD CONTROL & WASTEWATER COLLECTION Specific Objective I A.1 Drainage and Flood Control A.1.1 Upgrading of (combined) drainage mains A Canal, from Le Hong Phong St. to Quan Truong River, to convert to To rehabilitate existing drainage systems in the city center to make sure there is I box culvert, 1,248 m sufficient drainage capability and B x 2m x 1.5 in box culvert at railway crossing (Tran Quy Cap, 2m protection against flooding in this aiea. Yersin &Thai Nguyen Sts.), 50 m C Tran Quy Cap St., 940 m, Yersin St., 1,400 m D 1Thong Nhat St., 845 m, Hoang Van Thu St., 610 m E Lac Long Quan St. to Le Hong Phong St. to crossroad, 750 m I . A.1.2 A.1.3 H1 Son Thuy St. Upgrading of branch drains (lane to main), 1,800 m Construction of new manholes, 327 units A.1 4 Rehabilitation of manholes & drains, and urban improvement A Dredging and changing of covers, 300 manholes B Improvement of existing drains to allow them to also collect l, wastewater, 940 m C Reinstating pavement & trees, Yersin St., 1,600 m I A.1.5 Upgrading of dead-end streets A Concreting streets, 5,000 m B Providing combined sewers, 1,500 m & 30 units manholes I A.1,6 Upgrading of Channel 1 from earth channel to box culvert, Nam Hon Kho To rehabilitate existing mains to iniprove St. to 2/4 St. to railway, 1,447 m drainage and flood control capability in A.1.7 Upgrading of Channel 2 from soil / earth channel to box culvert, from Nam the residential areas in the N. I Hon Kho St. to Ba Lang outlet, 600 m A.2 Wastewater Collection A.2.1 Construction of Pumping Station No. 6 with submersible pump at the end To improve overall wastewater I of Da Tuong St. conveyance. To re-direct westwaid all g ; A.2.2 Construction of pressure pipe, Da Tuong St., 720 m wastewaters currently heading towards A.2.3 Construction of new manhole and overflow manhole to divide wastewater the coastal areas. A.2.4 Acquisition of vacuum tank trucks, 2 units JJ B. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT B.1 Primary and Secondary Collection B.1.1 Acquisition of 350 units of 240 L storage bins, 75 units of pedicarts, and 4 To improve SW collection efficiency in 3 3 3 units of 4 m, 7 of 7 m, & 3 of 15 m compactor trucks City center, & in new uiban areas B.2 Disposal B.2.1 Phase 1 development of Luong Hoa landfill, 6 ha To ensure safe disposal of solid wastes. B.2.2 Acquisition of landfill equipment B 2.3 Rehabilitation of existing Ru-Ri dumpsite To close existing Ru-Ri open dump. C. DEVELOPMENT OF RESETTLEMENT SITE To develop the 5-ha of the resettlenieiii . site near Dat Lanh. D. REVOLVING FUND FOR HOUSEHOLD SANITATION To make available to HHs small loans for U INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING / CAPACITY BUILDING E. sanitation facilitiesW To strengthen capabilities DONRE & concerned agencies of PMU, Final Environmental Assessment PART I 1.5 l -n- H. l ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ CD CD '' C C MAT BANG VI TRI CAC HANG MUC XAY DUNG TRONG GIAI DOAN 1 2 LOCATION PLAN O0WORKS WITH iVESTMENT IN PHASE 1 0 - CD CD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 CD 20 1.5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 - CD XAViN4THANR 2. h 1 5 4 e.i H LLI C< sX r> H~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 0 (C/ CD 2.2 2.0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j so .... cn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 2.2 c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~A9 1. ) 2.3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i 2. 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DNO C6NGNOAM COMBIE SEWERN HeN C6 SATASTAILWA -EXISTIG DBNGG ICThEhNGA LVOCCHN OL CONSTRUCT AREAIN PROJECT TO PHASE2 r Coastal Cities Environmenital Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 1.4 Location of Luong Hoa Landfill site Proposed Luong Hoo Landfill / 12km From Cit Center) _ CANALnoC Line 21 BA LANG nurILEnOU rLuh SIAO.M. 2 P-MpINO ! %; t<4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PJPN III STATION - PUMIPING SWAlIN N52 - V1NHHE5 >LEGEND _ t 2{2~2 CX VANtTO 0001021) 1015£ bL ChANNL.S IN I CANAL along railway - ___ EAS S Q d-1 -SCALE. ne00 Final Environment Assessment PART I 1.7 ID c. 3 , 0z . = BANG T'ONG THE' BAI RAC LUONG HoA ~~~~~~~~~MAT 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ v>> ~~~~~~GENERAL PLAN FOR LUONG HOA SANITARY LANDFILL c CE o 0 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SIT EEXTESION 0 CD 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 MAT BANG TONG THE BC_HONA THAI HO RAC A la0 0 0 t J CR E EK g CD INTERDMSOILSTE 9 Un~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ < ;; )\ EXISTINGRUR) I \ N \ RD RY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C C+- V!TRIHUAN MOI BSINH TRPNR CACTiNH0DUYENH0A -2%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- CHOA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' udc~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j BAI RA z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - b CD~~~~~~~~~ E H 4 5,5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I SIOAXTSTA ERY~~~~~~~~ CEM ITISEVRNETLSNTTINPOE U H RN I 44 FIGURE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MA CHON TONCGA THE RAC HLUN AI COrEED0T oO THEZAROUISWASERSECTIRONP 1N 8N IPNKEO,T 0H co~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DIIAN VE SIN HM61 TRLbNG CAC TiNH DUYtN HAI-T1EU DIIAN TIP TRANG NHA COASTAL CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJEC -SUB NHA TRANG BANVRMINHBOAs6I4 I~~~~TaVflI DRAWING LBAN NAME: TY tSA NUAYHHC)NTHAN11 BAFy INGURE14' 1iaovo DATE COMP'LEED 14 FIGURE ~~~~~~~~MATBAI RAC LWONC HiOA BANG T6NG TH'E GENERAL PLAN OF LUONG HOA SANITARY LANDFILL LF14 10/ 00 TH4E LOUIS BERGER GROUP. INC AND THJE NIPPON KOEI CO.,LTD Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I 1.3 Summary Description of Phase 2 of the Proposed Sub-Project In addition to continuation of the above listed component investments with the noted exception of I Component 4 (resettlement), proposed Phase 2 activities in Nha Trang will include the expanded development (new cell) for the new Luong Hoa sanitary landfill and construction of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other activities. Based on the FS, the Khanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee (PPC) has agreed on the following two (2) WWTP sites: 1.) the City's northern area within Vinh Ngoc commune (location "No.2" with 7.3 ha area including buffer zone) and 2.) In the City's southern area within Phuoc Dong commune (location "No.7" with 22 ha area including buffer zone). Total investment cost of Nha Trang subproject for both phases is about USD 76.3 million. The Environmental Assessment (EA) for project activities in phase 2 will be prepared according to the Environmental Guidelide, which is presented in annex 5. 3 1.4 Implementation Schedule of the Proposed Sub-Project A summary of the proposed CCESP implemantatio.i schedule is provided in Figure I -1.5 focusing on | EA-related project activities. The overall project has an expected duration of nearly seven (7) years. 3 Figure I - 1.6 Implementation Schedule, including Key Environmental Activities Activity 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 j2012 2013 1 Project Appraisal 3 Complete Phase 1 Preparation 2Finalize EA / EMP / RAPs of Phase 1 3 3 Implement RAPs of Phase 1 4 Detailed Design of Phase 1 - 5 Due Diligence Reviews of Phase 1 i 6 Loan Negotiations /Agreement | Phase 1 Implementation I 7Capacity Building/ Training, Phase 1 8 Phase 1 Revolving Sanitation Fund * 9 Phase 1 Procurement / Construction Phase 2 Preparation / Implementation 10 Prepare / Finalize EA / RAPs for Phase 2 * 11 Detailed Design of Phase 2 12 Implement Approved Eas / RAPs l | 13 Capacity Building / Training, Phase 2 14 Due Diligence Reviews of Phase 2 l 15 Phase 2, Revolving Sanitation Fund U 16 Phase 2 Procurement / Construction l l Final Environment Assessment PART I 1.9 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranig 2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION 2.1 Environmental Management At the national level, environmental management in Vi,etnam is lead by its Ministry for Natural Resoul-ces and Environment (MONRE), with has the following key tasks and powers: . Direct and supervise the implementation of environmental protection regulations, programs and projects as assigned by the government . Establish and uniformly manage the national environmental monitoring system; sumnmarize and process and assess data from this system to forecast the environmental changes * Appraise the environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports which are submitted for proposed projects; regulate environmental standards and uniformly manage the licensing, standards and certification systems in accordance with current laws; On the provincial level, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) is the legal body with responsibility for environmental regulation. DONRE has the overall. responsibility that the Vietnamese environmental regulations are followed during the construction and operation. 2.2 Environmental Laws and Standards related to the Project A summnrrary of key national laws governing environmental management of concern to the project include but are not limited to the following: * National Law on Environmental Protection (December 27, 1993). . * Decree No. 175-CP (October 18, 1994) on implementing the laws on environmental protection. 3 * Decree No. 143/2004/ND-CP on amendment of article 14 of Decree No. 175/CP. Decree No. 91/2002 (November. 11, 2002) on MONRE Mandate, Organization and Functions. * Decision No. 45/QD-TTg (April. 2, 2003) establishing provincial DONRE. . Inter-Ministry Instruction on Regulation of Environmental Protection for Solid Waste Disposal Areas (No. 01 / 2001 / TTLT - BKHCNMT - BXD) * Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on guidelines for preparation and appraisal of ElAs. . * Decision No. 155/1999/QD-TTg (July 16, 1999) on management of hazardous solid wastes * MONRE Decision No. 35 / 2002 / QD-BKHCNMT on EIA preparation standards. 2.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies to be Addressed in the EA In additional to environmental review and approval procedures of the GoV, the CCESP must be prepared and implemented in accordance with the World Bank's environmental and social "safeguard" policies. Based on these safeguard policies, the CCESP was classified by the Bank at its conceptual stage of preparation as a Category A type project. A proposed project is classified as "A" if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts Final Environmental Assessment PART I 2.1 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang may include an area far wider than the physical works. An EA for a Category A project examines the projects potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the do nothing option) and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. Based on a review of the sub-project area and proposed activities, application of the following World Bank 3 environmental and social safeguard policies were assessed during the EA process: Environmental Assessment - Operational Procedural / Bank Procedure 4.01 (OP/BP 4.01): * Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) . Cultural Resources (draft OP 4.11 - OPN 11.03) Public Consultation: As a Category A type project, two (2) stages of public consultations were carried out in accordance with OP 4.01. A first stage of consultations was held in September - October 2005, involving focus group discussions and household surveys of some 461 households. A second stage of consultations was conducted on December 30, 2005, involving 26 participants. This second stage of consultations was supplemented by a questionnaire survey conducted on February 24, 2006 for PAPs near proposed discharge outlets. Documentation of these public consultations is provided in Annex 3. Public Disclosure: As a Category A project, completed EAs must be available made to the public in accordance with Bank Procedure (BP) 17.50. The draft EA was disclosed in Washington DC and the Vietnam Development Information Center (VIDC) in Hanoi by January 19, 2006. The Vietnamese translations of Executive Summary were disclosed by January 13, 2006. All documents were disclosed locally by the Provincial People's Committee (PPC), the provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), the Project Preparation Units (PPUs), offices of the Wards in which people will be affected, and were accessible in a form, manner, and language intelligible to local non-government organizations (NGOs) and project affected people (PAPs). Documentation of this public disclosure is also provided in Annex 3. I I , | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 2.2 l l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 3 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PLANNING FRAMEWORK 3.1 Summary of the Sub-Project Setting Nha Trang City is located within Khanh Hoa Province along the narrow central coast of Vietnam and is the most easterly point of the country, at 12o15' N latitude and 109o12' E longitude. It is 220 km from Da Lat to the west and 450 km from Ho Chi Minh City to the south. Its strategic location has made it an 3 international border and, together with its beautiful beaches and diving spots, iit is an increasingly popular domestic and international travel destination. The bay of Nha Trang has been officially recognized as one of the most beautiful in the world and hosts the Hon Mun Marine Park, which has the highest diversity of coral in the country. Nha Trang City has a total land area of 251 square kilometers, administratively subdivided into 19 wards and 8 communes. The wards comprise the urban area; while the communes make up the suburbs and surrounding rural farming areas. The City's main urban area is bordered by the large Cai River to the north, the smaller Tac River to the south and Nha Trang Bay and the South China Sea to the east. As of 2003, the City registered a total population of nearly 354,000 people, of which over 275,000 (or 78%) I reside in the urban area. While the City accounts for only about 2.4% of the total land area of Province of Khanh Hoa, it 31 % of the total population, and generates about 67% of the provincial gross domestic has product. The Khanh Hoa Provincial Socio-Economic Development Master Plan focuses on the city Nha Trang playing the lead role in the overall development of the Province. 3. 1.1 Summary of Current Environmental Sanitation lssues and Constraints Current issues and constraints from lack of environmental sanitation and supporting infrastructure in the City include: | Urban drainage system is basically the combined sewer type, i.e., receiving both storm- and wastewaters. It is currently inadequate, in low quality condition, in some parts clogged with solid I wastes, and seldom maintained. This situation has caused flooding in many places in the City. Collected waters are directly discharged onto natural river or coastal outfalls without treatment 3 . Domestic wastewater is not collected in the combined drains. The number of household connections to the network is In 1995, the Nha Trang People's Committee issued an instruction that forbids low. households to connect and approved the use of septic tank that leaches on-site. | Only some of the hospitals in the City have wastewater treatment facilities, yet these are no loriger functioning effectively. . Some factories in the Binh Tan industrial zone do not have wastewater treatment facilities. * Informal settlers along river banks are without proper sanitation facilities. . Solid waste collection services only about 70% of the total population, leadi,ng to indiscriminate disposal of the remaining 30% of the solid waste. Some amount of hazardous clinical wastes is mixed and handle with domestic wastes. Final Environment Assessment PART I 3.1 I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranig 3.2 Previous and On-going Related Projects and Studies To help address these environmental sanitation issues and constraints, various project-related studies and programs have been conducted or are on-going, including: . Feasibility study (FS) on Nha Trang City drainage and wastewater treatment system . Feasibility study on Nha Trang City Solid Waste Management Project: . Project for rectification of the downstream Tac River and Quan Truong rivers * Urban upgrading, embankment and road along Cai River : . . Salt prevention dam on the Cai River Kim Bong River urban area project Planning and upgrading of urban lane network program 3.3 Project Relationship to Development Master Plans and Forecasts The proposed CCESP sub-project investments in Nha Trang will comply with and support the development framework and master plans of both the Province of Khanh Hoa and the City of Nha Trang, key points of which are summarized in Table 1-3.1. The City's master plan was updated in 2004 and is awaiting approval. Based on this plan (Figure I - 3.1), the city will be mainly expanding and developing towards the west. It is estimated that by 2020; the city area will be extended toward directions to Dien Khanh, Dong Bo, Phuoc Thai and islands. This will result in three functional (residential) areas in the City urban center, namely north of Cai River, City Center and south of Airport. New industries and warehouses will mainly be planned to the north and south of the city. Existing factories, which cause pollution, will be moved outside of the City, where 4 main industrial parks will be established. In addition, some fish processing factories will be allowed in the Hon Ro area. 3.3.1 MasterPlanObjectivesforEnvironmentalPProtection The importance of environmental protection and improved environmental sanitation are highlighted in the current development master plans, which set the following targets * Prevent environmental pollution that may be caused by socio-economic development activities. . Protect the marine and coastal environment to sustain and enhance tourist development. . * Improve environmental quality, ensuring a clean water supply to the population. By 2010, try to obtain 98% of coverage population with access to water supply, 80% of households with sanitary toilets, collection and treatment of 100% of domestic solid waste, management and treatment of 100% of hazardous industrial waste and hospital waste. . Conserve and manage use of natural resources and protect bio-diversity. * Strengthen community education and training to increase environmental protection awareness. . Strengthening environmental management capacity FinalIEnvironnient Assessment PART I 3.2 I ~~Final Environment Assessment PART I 3.2 I l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 3.1 Summary of the Development Framework and Master Plans for Nha Trang Targeted Development Growth of the province is 10.5% in period 2003 - 2005, 13,6% period 2006 - 2020, and 12,2% in period 2011 - 2020. Natural population increase rate to 2010 is 1.3 -1.4%. Socio-economic develeopment of the province will be lead by Nha Trang city. It is focussed that by 2010, Nha Trang will be connected with Dien Khanh township, creating a central urban area. Compared to the whole province, although Nha Trang City accounts for only 2.43% of land area and 31% of population, it has generated 67.7% of the provincial GDP. Spatial development: According to spatial development orientation, the city will mainly be developed to the west. To 2020, the city will be extended towards directions to Dierc Khanh, Dong Bo and islands. There will establish 3 urban areas (North of Cai river, City center and South of Airport). Population forecast: According to the plans, the City's urban population will nearly double by 2020, * with estimates ranging from 600,000 for Option 1 and 700,000 for Option 2. | Water supply system will continue to expand with a 2020 targeted domestic water supply of 150 1/ capita.day and a population coverage of 90%. The target for industrial users is 45m 3 / ha, tourist use is 300 1/ bed and public purposes are 10% of domestic water consumption. Wastewater drainage plan standard is calculated by water supply standards. By 2020, the city center will continue to use the combined system with interceptors. The areas north of the Cai River and south or airport areas will use the existing sewers in the coverage locations and separated system in I the newly built locations. Solid waste plan is to ensure a targeted 90% collection rate by 2020 Tourism is forecasted to increase by 2020 to reach 1,630,000 annual visitors, out of which 780,000 are expected to be foreign tourists. Nha Trang Bay is now recognized as one of the 29 most beautiful I. bays in the world. To help sustain its attraction, the Khanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee (PPC) recently issued a decision No. 40/2004/QD-UB dated 12/3/2004 to establish Nha Trang Bay Preservation Management Unit I Final Environiment Assessment PART I 3.3 I I l Nha Trang Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND BASELINE DATA | The following sections provide a summary description of the existing environmental conditions and baseline data for the proposed Phase 1 sub-project areas and activities. Additional information is provided in Annex 2 and in the FS repori.. -,-he seivioe a,ea ol tne proposed sub-project includes the entire City of Nha Trang, but focuses on the city's three urban areas, namely the northern, central and 2 2 scuUh.h,e, i,-eas of the City. The total area of the City is 250.7 kM , of which the urban area is 35.8 km . 4.1 Climate Conditions The climate of Nha Trang is tropical, with distinct wet and dry monsoon seasons. Recorded temperatures have ranged from a low of 14.6 OC to a high of 39.50 C, with average annual temperatures of 26.5 0 C. Highest annual winds (Table I - 4.1) and rain (Figure I 4./) .cc:-ornp.ily )'io e notheast monsoon, which occurs in the area from November to January. Table I - 4.1 Monthly Average Wind Velocity (in m t second) and Direction: Nha Trang (1997-2000) IMonth I 11 ll I IV V VI VIl Vil IX X Xl XII | Direction N NE NE SE SE SE SE SE SE NE N N Velocity 5.3 4.8 5.0 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 4.4 5.5 6.1 Recorded annual rainfall has ranged from a low of 641 mm to a high of 2,552 mm, with average annual rainfall of 1,252 mm. This rainfall is distributed unequally during the year with 85% of annual rainfall occurs during the rainy season from September to December. 4. 1.1 Tropical Storms and Typhoons The subproject area is within the typhoon belt bordering the South China Sea. From 1976 to 2000, a total of 9 tropical storms and typhoons directly affected the Khanh Hoa area. The strongest speed of wind is at 39 - 61 km/h for 55% of the storms, 62 - 88 km/h for 33% of the storms, and 89, -102 km/h for 12% of the storms. The maximum daily rainfall of these storms ranged from 240-340mm. * Table I - 4.2 Some Typical Features of Tropical Storms and Typhoons in the Sub-Project Area Location of Time Velocity, strongest Total rainfall (mm) Highest rainfall day |Toccurrence direction (mls) (mm) RCanmh Nha Trang Ranh Nha Trang Ranh Nha Trang Phu I -, 08/10/83 12-SW 9-W 44,4 114,8 34,4 72,8 Kha*h 14/10/81 20-S 26-W 133,3 98,5 133,3 98,5 Khanh 03/11/78 20-NW 24-W 246 345 246 345 s n '23/10/92 6-NE 20-E 140 222 103 130 TNinh 17/10/83 20-NE 20-E 166 80 86,1 52,4 I Final Environmental Assessment PARTI 4.1 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 4.2 Topography and Soil Conditions The sub-project area is generally distinguished by the following topographic regions: Coastal region: Generally level and most of soil cover layer is sandy, in places up to 3 m thick, followed by a clay layer with relatively good bearing strength. Mountainous area: Steeper, rocky terrain with sandy - rocky soil overlaying clay and bedrock. Low-lying area: (on the west of the city, locating on 2 sides of Quan Truong River). The area suffers from flooding every year. Its topographic elevation is beiow 1 m and soil consists largely of clay. 4.3 Flora / Fauna and Natural Habitats The sub-project area has very limited natural flora and fauna due to its level of urban development. Non- urban lands of the sub-project area are widely used for farming, dominated by paddy rice. Steeper slopes are planted to cashews and coconuts. No undisturbed native vegetation or natural habitats remains in the general area. The nearby coastal areas largely consist of sandy to muddy beaches and offshore slopes. The nearest protected area, the World Bank-assisted Hon Mun Marine Park, is located some 10 - 15 kmn offshore and proposed project activities will improve environmental management of the park's many visitors while they stay in the city. Representative site photographs are provided on the following pages to illustrate the current level of development and prevailing environmental conditions. 4.4 Sea and River Conditions 4.4.1 Tide and Wave Regime Tides: The coastal area experiences tides that range from a low of ± 0.00 m to highest high tide + 2.40 rm with an average daily tide level + 1.03 m. Due to this tidal regime, coastal portions of local rivers reverse their flow directions during high tides and become saline to brackish in water quality. Local flooding is significantly increased when heavy rains occur during high tide periods. Waves: Maximum wave level observed in a coastal area near Khanh Hoa People's Committee office was 2.5 m in 1990 during which time it is higher than 2.0 m in Nha Trang Bay. 4.4.2 River and Sea Water Quality The Khanh Hoa DONRE maintains four water quality sampling stations in the sub-project area w'ich are monitored on a quarterly basis (Figure I - 4.1). This quarterly monitoring program includes 3 river monitoring stations and one coastal station. A copy of these quarterly water quality monitoring reports is provided in Annex 2. The summary results of water quality tests conducted as part of this EA for six (6) is provided in Table I - 4.3 with supporting laboratory results provided in Annex 2. l l | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.2 l I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang * Figure I - 4.1 Representative Site Photographs - Nha Trang City I HV ,,'- .= I I~~~~~~~IO- ~_~"~- s ' ~ ~-,^ I~ . s t I _4 ,_ I~~'+! I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ / , |~~ ~ia Evromna Asesmet PAR 1t 4 .3l I I | ~~Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.3 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I| ~~~~Photo 1: View of Nha Trang City urban center, Cai River and Nha Trang Bay I " I ; I I l l | ~~~~~Photo 2: View of the Proposed New Sanitary Landfill Site at Luong Hoa I | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.4 l. I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Photo 3: View of Typical Area and Street in Nha Trang Urban Center. Note street excavations. - 7 E;- * A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. I~~~~~~~~~~~~ I - -r - -t; Photo 4: View of the main beach fronting Nha Trang City, near the War Memoral monument. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =_. . _ w~~~~~Jxw I-a _ - |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~& -i', 4. | ~~Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.5 I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 4.2Location Map of Water and Sediment Quality Testing Stations BAN DO VI TRI DIAN VA VI TRI CAC DIEM LAY MAU VA MAU BuN PROJECT LOCATION MAP WITH WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY TESTING SITES Proposed Luong Hoa Landfill _ J 12km from City Center) Rhabilitate t box sewer o _WAuAA 9 e ViNH0 HIEP WARD < HiEP WARD IWARD CanalUine 1 ~ ~~~~~~~~~Canal Line 2 BA LANG OUTLET(OUTLET 2)j -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LEGEn OU3T t~~~~~~ to ox sewer ~~~~~~~~~~~~ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 t i D %9 CHANNELS TO BEDREDEDIN PHASE1 PUPN No SOTATION: 2 A QUAUIY MfN S ATION STATION LOMPIG NO S * EAST SEA TR4M NUdOTIA 8dM PUMPING STATION;Noo61 SCALE:I/EG Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.-5 Coastal Citie§ Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 4.3 Summary of CCESP Water Quality Sampling Results: Nha Trang Sampling Date BOD5 COD DO SS NH3 NH3- NH2- Coliform Site mg/I mg/l mg/I mg/I mg/l mg/l mg/I MPN/1OOml N 1 Dec. 13, 2005 6.0 20.0 9.3 94.0 1.26 0.65 0.28 14.0 x 10J Dec. 28, 2005 3.0 30.0 6.1 107.0 0.15 <0.01 0.16 7.5 x 10J Jan. 11, 2006 6.0 35.0 7.2 145.0 0.16 I <0.01 0.23 Jan, 20, 2006 3.0 28.0 7.5 232.0 <0.01 0.19 <0.01 Jan. 23, 2006 5.0 45.0 6.8 260.0 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 Feb. 6, 2006 4.0 42.0 5.4 99.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 4.6 x 104 N 2 Dec. 12, 2005 6.0 8.0 8.7 179.0 0.56 1.51 0.12 11.0 x 10J Dec. 28, 2006 3.0 4.0 6.7 132.0 0.37 <0.01 0.04 46.0 x 10' Jan. 11, 2006 6.0 12.0 7.5 39.0 0.12 0.12 0.07 Jan. 20, 2006 3.0 10.0 7.0 51.0 <0.01 0.04 0.01 3 * N3 ~~~~~~~~~Jan.4.0 23, 2006 Feb. 6, 2006 Dec. 13, 2005 3.0 7.0 15.0 15.0 8.9 7.0 8.5 9.1 39.0 45.0 95.0 <0.01 0.30 0.27 <0.01 0.40 0.33 0.05 <0.01 1.37 2.4 x 10 17.0 x 10' Dec. 28, 2005 4.0 11.0 6.0 116.0 0.30 <0.01 0.53 15.0 x 10' Jan. 11,2006 9.0 30.0 7.1 98.0 0.40 <0.01 0.26 * Jan. 20, 2006 14.0 27.0 7.2 88.0 0.44 <0.01 <0.01 Jan. 23, 2006 5.0 31.0 6.4 133.0 0.36 0.15 <0.01 Feb. 6, 2006 4.0 27.0 5.7 59.0 0.30 0.24 <0.01 1.4 x 10 N4 Dec. 13, 2005 8.0 10.0 8.0 75.0 0.21 2.67 2.33 39.0 x 104 Feb. 6, 2006 17.0 54.0 3.0 50.0 6.11 3.87 2.41 2.1 x 105 N5 Dec. 12, 2005 8.0 9.8 7.5 68.0 0.31 7.95 2.19 14.0 x 104 8.0 69.0 4.5 69.0 3.01 I Feb. 6, 2006 0.55 0.62 9.1 x 105 N6 Dec. 12, 2005 22.0 27.3 6.1 52.0 26.5 1.45 2.31 8.1 x 10' ~ Feb. 6, 22.0 2006 244.0 4.0 43.0 18.96 28.32 2.03 4.3 x 10 National Standards (TCVN 5945: 1995) I Water quality "A"- recreational use / swimming Water quality "B"- <4.0 <25.0 < 20.0 < 35.0 6.0 2.0 20.0 80.0 0.05 1.00 5.0 x 10J 10.0 x 10J agricultural use / swimming 3 Water Sampling Site Descriptions: N 1: Dong Bo River near Binh Tan Bridge N 2: Cai River near Salt Bridge N 3: Tac River N 4: Outlet along Da Tuong Street near proposed location of Pumping Station No. 6 N 5: Cai River near Tran Phu Bridge N 6: Seasonal creek in Luong Hoa downstream of Ru-Ri dumpsite I BOD 5 - Biological Oxygen Demand (5 day) COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand 5 DO - Dissolved Oxygen SS - Suspended Sediment NH 3 - Ammonia MPN - most probable number 3 While the sampled BOD5 and DO concentrations meet the Vietnam standard values for water quality (TCVN 5942-1995), the concentrations of COD are slightly higher than allowed values at some downstream sampling points in the Dong Bo River and Cai River. The surface water at the outlet along Da Tuong Street and in the seasonal creek in Luong Hoa downstream of Ru Ri Dumpsite are expected to be organic and ammonia contaminated due to upstream sources. The test results for COD, SS and total coliform concentrations in downstream stations of the Dong Bo River and Cai Rivdr are slightly higher than allowed values suggesting that these surface waters may be polluted by existing sources. Based on I this DONRE monitoring data from 2000 - 2004, Table (I - 4.4) presents a summary analysis of recorded Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.6 I' Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang E. coli (coliform) levels at these 4 stations. The recorded coliform levels generally exceed national standards, highlighting the concern for improving environmental sanitation conditions to reduce potential health risks, particularly to swimmers frequenting the popular beach area fronting the City. Table I - 4.3 Summary Analysis of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Coliform at Four DONRE Monitoring Sites in Nha Trang City (2000 - 2004) | BOD (mg/I) Coliform (MPN /100 ml) War Binh Tan Sat Thanh Binh Tan Sat Thanh I Memoral Bridge Bridge Minh Bridge Bridge Minh Annual Average 1.76 4.25 1.97 1.93 178,153 212,498 568,385 371,508 I Dry season average 1.91 4.31 2.07 2.03 239,005 245,712 358,377 377,081 I (Jan - Aug; n = 14) Wet season average 1.42 4.11 1.75 1.70 76,000 175,950 1,118,133 421,350 (Sept - Dec; n = 6) National Standards < 20 < 25 <25 <25 1,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Source of water quality monitoring data: Province of Khanh Hoa Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) National Standards: TCVN 5943:1995 (War Memonial site: swimming area) and TCVN 5942 1995 for other sites | 4.4.3 River Hydraulics The 2 main catchment basins in the sub-project area are the Cai River and Quan Truong River basins. J Cai River: The watershed of the Cai River lies within Khanh Hoa province and covers a total area of 1,900 km2. The river section passing through Nha Trang City is 6 km long and is proposed as one of the | main receiving water bodies for drainage and wastewater discharges. There are 2 hydrological I observation stations along the river, namely the Dong Trang station grade 1, situated about 31 km from the river mouth and Dien An station grade 11. Water flow within the river is strongly influenced by local rainfall and river flows vary widely between the flood and dry seasons. The depth of the river at its mouth I is in the range of 5 - 6 m and width ranges from 1150 - 200 m. The average annual flow on Cai River at Dong Trang with catchment area of 1,244 km2 is 56.5 m3/s, corresponding to an estimated flow module of 45.5 I/s/km2 and total flow of 1.78 billion m3 /year. During the rainy season, the muddy discharge of this | river creates an expansive plume along the main beach of Nha Trang city. During the January to 3 September dry season, the water flow of the Cai River is greatly reduced, to rates ranging from 5 - 11 m3 /s.comparison, during flood season, water flow may range from 2,500 - 4,500 m3/s. In I Quan Truong and Tac Rivers: The hydrological mechanism of the Quan Truong River has direct impacts on south of airport area of Nha Trang city. The Quan Truong River is a branch of Cai River. It often dries 1 up during dry season, as shown in Figure I - 4.4 In rainy season, water overflows from the Cai River to this branch together with water concentrated from the flooded Dien Khanh rice fields, discharging to the Be Gate to Dong Bo River. In the process, floods regularly occur along both banks of the river. | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.7 Il Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 4.5 Model of Flow Distribution, Quan Truong and Tac Rivers 2 3 0 Quan truong *Tac 4.5 Population and Socio-Economic Environment I 4 54. 1 Summary of the Socio-Economic Survey of Three Project-Affected Wards Key Phase 1 activities will directly involve three wards (Vinh Phuoc, Phuong Sai and Phuoc Tan) for which more detailed socio-economic information is provided in the following section based on household surveys conducted in September - October 2005. Summary results are provided in Annex 3. Table I - 4.4 Socio-Economic Classification of Households (income values in VND) | | Rich Well-off Average Poor 1. Vinh Phuoc Ward I Income / person / month >1 million 600,000-1 million 350,000-600,000 <350,000 %of household 12 22 5 10 % of HH with piped water 100 100 98 95 supply %of HH with septic tank 100 100 97 95 2. Phuong Sai Ward | Income / person I month >10 million 5-10 million 1-5 million <1 million %of household 8 18 52 22 % of HH piped water supply 100 100 100 100 %of HH with septic tank 100 100 100 90 3. Phuoc Tan Ward Income/ person / month >2 million 1-2 million 450,000-1 million <450,000 of /% household 7 15 34 44 %of HH piped water supply 100 100 100 100 | %of HH with septic tank 100 100 100 100 | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.8 I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 1 4.5.2 Public Health and Safety I As of 2004, there are 11 hospitals, 16 local general surgeries, 135 health stations for wards and communes over the Khanh Hoa province. The number of hospital beds in the province is 1,832, of which 3 1,035 hospital beds (27.9% of the total provincial hospital beds) are in Nha Trang City. Based on the results of the September - October 2005 socio-economic survey, the number of people who reported that they got sick within the last month was closely correlated with their reported income levels: The percent of surveyed households who reported that a family member sick during the previous month: * . Poor households: 91 cases (19.7% of surveyed HHs) U . Average income households: 54 cases (11.7%) . Better-off income households: 1 case (0.2%) 1 * Rich households: 1 case (0.2%). Common illnesses reported are largely related to environmental sanitation conditions, such as diarrhea 3 and dysentery. Based on cases recorded by the Khanh Hoa Health Service, the increasing frequency of these two common illnesses is illustrated in Figure I - 4.5. Figure I - 4.7 Graph of Frequency of Common Illness (Sources: Khanh Hoa Health Service) I I 30000 I O 25000 1 =2 ;, 20000 O0O 15000 \ / \ C.) I 4 i0 |O _ n -- 1989 ! 1991 - '- 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 Dysentary - - Diarrhea 4.5.3 Provincial Economic Structure I On a provincial level, Khanh Hoa has a diversified economy with an increasing trend towards an industry and service based economy (Table I - 4.6). The province's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reportedly increased by 10.6% in 2004, with average income per capita of 1,638,167 VND / month. | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.9 I l 3 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 4.5 Economic Structure of Khanh Hoa Province No. Economic Sector Economic Structure (%) 2001 2002 2003 2004 | 1 Agriculture, forestry, aquaculture 24.38 21.91 21.26 19.43 2 Industry, capital construction 37.42 38.56 39.26 40.97 | 3 Services 38.20 39.53 39.48 39.60 Total 100 100 100 100 | 4.5.4 Tourism 3 Within the province and particularly in Nha Trang City, tourism is of increasing economic importance, as indicated by the increasing number of tourists and revenue (Table I- 4.7). I Table I - 4.6 Number of Tourists and Tourism Revenue, Khanh Hoa Province (2001 - 2004) No. Items 2001 2002 2003 2004 1 Tourists 495,000 562,000 584,000 699,000 | 2 Tourism Revenue (million VND) 238,993 297,273 360,202 456,000 ' There are presently some 253 hotels in Khanh Hoa province, including 47 large-scale hotels (with more than 50 beds). While tourism is of increasing economic importance, it may also be an increasing source of environmental sanitation problems. As described in the Pre-FS: * As of 2004, only 56 (21.8%) of these hotels had completed registration on compliance with environmental standards. Few facilities conduct required periodical pollution control measures. 3 * Only 6 (2 %) of these establishments implement periodical testing of their wastewater discharges and the results indicate that most wastewater discharged to the environment from these establishments does not met current standards. 3 * Only 2 (less than 1%) of the facilities among the 253 tourist establishments reportedly discharge treated wastewater that meets with environmental standards. 3 According to an evaluation by the Khanh Hoa DONRE, total wastewater volume discharging into environment when the hotels are fully operating is estimated at 2000 m3 / day. The level of on-site treatment generally includes septic tanks and various types of primary treatment, followed by discharge into the ground or the city drainage sewers. Newer, higher scale hotels have reportedly been investing in more complete on-site treatment facilities in recent years. | 4.6 Status of Environmental Sanitation in the Sub-Project Area 3 The Pre-FS and FS for the proposed sub-project provide an extensive review of the existing poor condition of environmental sanitation services and infrastructure in Nha Trang City as a basis for supporting the proposed project implementation. Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.10 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 1 ~~~4.6. 1Drainage, Flooding and Waste water I The existing drainage system was formed as a combined sewer system, which is now inadequate, and in ~ ~~poor condition, which limits improvements in sanitation and proper operation of the system. This 3 combined system mainly serves for surface water drainage and no service is provided for drainage of the ~~~city's residential areas which are locate away from the main streets. In dry season, the wastewater flow is 3 too low for the size of the combined sewer pipe. As a result, many biosolids and debris settle within the ~~~pipelines, clogging these systems and creating foul odors during the dry season. Based on a 2002 survey by the Nha Trang City Water Supply and Sanitation Project, average thickness of settled sludge in the I investigated sewers was 0.20 - 0.35 m, or about 25 - 30 % of the actual pipeline diameter. ~ ~~Salt penetration into the outlets of the drainage I combined sewer systems during periods of high water 3 tides has resulted in significant damage to these concrete and brick structures over time. For .~~~~ the north of City area, drainage capacity of the two main channels (East and West) has been 3 reduced due to inappropriate maintenance, encroachment and due to inappropriate construction ~~~~~activities, leading to severe flood occurrence in low laying, downstreamn areas downstream. * For the City center area, the Phuong Sai ward often suffers from long-lasting and deep floods I during heavy rains because of under-sized sewers and gates in poor condition. For *~~~~ the South of airport area, existing sewers have large dimension with low construction density and relatively high topography, its drainage capability is still good 1 ~~~4.6.2 So/id Waste I At present, solid waste collection service is mainly provided for along the main streets, while the ~ ~~percentage of waste collection for the smaller lanes and alleys is still very low, often due to limited 5 access. The 2 common methods of collection are manual collection by trolleys and collection by trucks ~~~and the wastes to be collected are commonly just piled along the roadside or in the gutters. Based on the Pre-FS, the summary composition of Nha Trang's collected solid waste is provided in (T-able I - 4.8). I~ ~ ~~ia niomnalAssmn AT141 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 4.7 Summary Composition of Urban Solid Waste, Nha Trang (Feb. 2004) Weight of the Solid Waste 0/0% 3. Waste Classification Collected Nylon, plastic, rubber 8.6 Cloth 1.2 Iron, metal 0.9 * Paper 3.4 3 Glass 9.0 Coal residues, construction debris 27.0 Other organic substance 26.3 Medical waste 1.2 Other wastes (pig manure, septic sludge, etc) 26.3 Source: Data on waste management - collection and treatment in Nha Trang by URENCO in Februaty 2004 as I presented in the CCESP Pre-Feasibility Study for Nha Trang dated August 2005. Important opportunities appear to be present to further reduce and minimize current and projected I volumes of solid waste, particularly of recyclable and organic materials. The high volume of construction debris that apparently are collected as a public service may also need to be reviewed, particularly since 3 such materials may not be suitable for the typical compactor vehicles proposed for this waste collection. Nha In Trang, there is no participation of private sector in domestic waste collection and only a few companies have their own trucks to provide services to industrial establishments as required. The private | sector is actively involved in the cleaning of septic tanks. At present, this collected septic sludge is 3 transported to the dumpsite, near the Ru Ri Dumpsite. Hospital Wastes: The collection, transport and disposal of hospital waste in Khanh Hoa province is governed by Letter No. 348/SYT-NV/Y dated December 3, 2003 issued by the Khanh Hoa People's I Committee. At present, a hospital incinerator is placed at the Dermatology Hospital. All hospital solid | waste is collected and transported to this incinerator for burn. 3 Industrial Wastes: For industrial parks, waste is disposed on-site. For small industrial establishments, URENCO collects the waste and transports it to the city dumpsite when requested, 4.6.3 Status of the Existing Ru-Ri Dumpsite I I 3 Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.12 I l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranig The existing area of the Ru-Ri dumpsite which currently serves the City is about 3 ha, which is located about 1 km from Highway 1A and about 14 km north of the city center (Figure I - 4.5). There are no * controls on the types of waste that are transported and dumped at this unimproved site, which is located next to the city cemetery and a seasonal stream. Leachate from the dumpsite openly flows to the stream, 3 which makes the stream water dark-black. The dumped wastes are not buried and the access road is unimproved, creating serious air quality and dust problems. l I I l l I 3 Figure I - 4.9 Existing Ru-Ri Open Dumpsite 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~~~~~ 1.' g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 4.13 I I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 5 ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT The proposed Phase 1 investments are preparatory to and directly linked to the subsequent Phase 2 investments. A description of the "without project" situation and alternatives that were identified in the process of preparing the Phase 1 sub-project components is provided in the following sections. Additional comments to the Pre-FS and recommended alterative considerations was provided by the International Consultant in its' separately submitted "Review of the Pre-FS" report (October 2005). 5.1 Without the Project Situation The preparation of the CCESP was initiated based on the understanding that the GoV lacked the financial resources to directly fund the proposed project investments. As a consequence, without project funding from the World Bank or other donors, it is assumed that these needed investments to improve environmental sanitation would not be able to be made by the GoV in the near future, if at all. As a result, public health risks and costs will increase and projected growth in economic development lead by tourism will be threatened. Delays in implementing the project as proposed may also lead to increased costs and social impacts at a later date, when current facility sites and needed right-of-way (ROW) areas may no longer be available. Under this "without project" situation, the environmental sanitation conditions and related institutional capabilities will continue to decline, particularly within the densely population urban centers. In contrast to recorded (1992 - 2002) annual population growth rate of 1.5%, the official projection for 2003 - 2020 range is 4.97%. The generation and management requirements of liquid and solid wastes are expected to increase at even higher rates due to improving per capita economic conditions in the sub-project cities. 5.2 Drainage, Flood Control and Wastewater Collection Alternatives Various alternatives were assessed during the Pre-FS, FS and Phase 1 preparation activities, including: . Alternative sites for the proposed WWTPs, which will be decided during Phase 2. . Alternative routings and configurations of the drainage and wastewater collection systems to 3 support the proposed alternative WWTP sites. Alternative capacity, pumping system and materials for the actual pipeline and channel systems. . Options for Household Connections to the New Sewer System 5.2.1 Options for Household Connections to the New Sewer System The pre-feasibility study recommends connecting 2,000 houses in Nha Trang in Phase 1 before the wastewater treatment plants are completed in Phase 2. Doing so would result in varying volumes of untreated wastewater discharged to the receiving waters thereby increasing: - Pollution levels in the receiving water bodies; Final Environmental Assessment PART I 5.1 l' Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 3 - Exposure of human and livestock to polluted water; and - The risk of waterborne diseases - diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. 3 assessing this option, the following advantages and disadvantages of household connections to the In new sewerage system were considered. The main reasons often given for making the connections early (i.e. before the WWTPs become operational) are: * a) It avoids excavating the street twice - once for the main line sewer and a second time when the 3 house connections are made. It b)provides alarge and or sufficient volume of wastewater to operate the wastewater treatment 3 plants immediately after they are completed. The c) wastewater can be tested so that proper design criteria for the wastewater treatment plants can be established. d) The customers that are connected will realize immediate benefits from the fees they will start paying because they will get their septic tanks cleaned. |, There are practical alternatives to the four (4) reasons advanced for the early connections a. Breaking the road twice: It is standard and normal practice in sewer construction to install the | house connection laterals to the property or fence line - but within the property, at the same time the main line sewers are installed and by the same contractor. The end of the laterals in the property are then plugged and marked with a stake in the ground until it is time to connect to the houses. This avoids breaking and repairing the road twice. I b. Sufficient wastewater to operate the plants: A significant volume of wastewater and enough to operate the plants initially can be obtained by making the following connections: Connect the 3 hotel zone and the main commercial areas. The hotel zone is Tran Phu street, Hung Vuong street, Nguyen Thien Thuat street or in general the beach road and the streets west of the beach 3 road. Design criteria: Domestic wastewater is similar from one place to the next even from one country c. to the next. The main factor influencing the characteristics of domestic wastewater is water usage I pattern. There is nothing unusual about the water usage in Vietnam or the Coastal cities that would significantly affect the wastewater characteristics from the norm. Therefore the design criteria used elsewhere or those found in most textbooks can be used practically or | conservatively here. Also, the design criteria must be established a long time before the house 3 connections are made. d. Immediate benefits: Septic tanks are cleaned once every five to ten years. At best each household could expect to get their septic tank cleaned once if at all before the WWTP are | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 5.2 l l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 3 completed. The risks and impact from prolong discharge of wastewater to the environment exceeds those of not cleaning the septic tanks'for the 3-5 years to construct the septic tanks. 3 Connecting households to sewerage system before WWTPs become operational is unusual although there could be a good reason to do so when subsoil is predominantly clay or clayey, which would prevent 3 the speptic tanks from operating properly or would contribute to the wastewater writing to the surface. Nha However, in Trang, the subsoil is sand or sandy in nature, and drainage is highly effective. With above advantage and disadvantage being considered, the following options were identified: 3 Option 1: No households are connected to the new sewer system until the proposed WWTPs are operational. Existing households connected to the system would be allowed to continue discharging their untreated effluents to the new combined sewer system. Option 2: Proposed household connections to the new sewer system will be made during construction of the sewer and before the proposed WWTPs are operational in year 2 or 3 of Phase 2. Option 3: The commencement of making the household connections to the new sewer system is delayed until six (6) months before the projected completion of the WWTPs to provide additional 3 effluent flows within the system. Existing households connected to the system would be allowed to continue discharging their untreated effluents to the new combined sewer system. Regardless of the option followed, there will be no increase in excavations to make the household connections if all options share the same design for installing lateral connections if they are installed to Il within the household property lines. So the issue of timing the connections with respect to excavations is | not an advantage to any option. A summary of the identified advantages and disadvantages of each option is provided in Table I - 5.1. Table I - 5.1: 3 Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages of Household Connection Options Option Advantage Disadvantage Option 1 No increase in risk to public health and May cause some delay in getting a significant flow tourism. to the WWTPs once these are completed. However, this can be resolved by connecting the hotel and commercial areas first. | Option 2 Earlier environmental sanitation benefits to Increase in pollution loads and concentrations connected household. from discharge of untreated effluents. Public health and tourism risks I Earlier collection of service fee revenues Prolonged risks if WWTP construction in Phase 2 isdelayed Option 3 No significant increase in risk to public May present limited public health and tourism risks I Final Environmental Assessment PART I 5.3 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I health and tourism, during 6 month period before WWTPs are operational. Potential risks are reduced if U Provides a reasonable flow to WWTPs once these are completed. connections are made during rainy season when dilution and dispersion capacities are highest. 3 The most effective environmental mitigation measures for the additional pollution due to new household 3 connections would be to postpone the household connections until the WWTPs are operational or advance the schedule for constructing WWTPs to provide treatment earlier in the project period so that these project components are more closely linked (Option 1). However, if Option 2 above is selected, the new sewer system would be made during construction of the sewer and before the proposed WWTPs are operational in year 2 or 3 of Phase 2. Based on the assessment and hydraulic modelling calculations of I this option indicate that the incremental eifect or the new connections would be relatively small. Combined with the existing conditions as described above, however, the dilution and dispersion capacity 3 of the receiving water bodies are not adequate, with the exception of Outlet 2 and Da Tuong Street Outlet whose discharges will be received by South China Sea, to assimilate current discharge level within national water quality standards. Therefore, disallowing new household connections is incorporated in the project design as a mitigation measure in lieu of this alternative. Because of the ability of the receiving water body to absorb the additional discharges without significant adverse impact, new connections will be allowed in the catchment areas for Outlet 2 and the Da Tuong 3 Street Pumpint Station as part of CCESP Phase 1. For the household connections that are to be connected to the combined sewer system prior to completion of the WWTPs, this report considers the impacts, potential risks and presents some mitigation measures and guidelines. 1 | 5.3 Solid Waste Management Alternatives I Proposed Phase 1 investments focus on solid waste collection, equipment and acquiring the land for a new sanitary landfill site at Luong Hoa. A separate Feasibility Study (FS) was prepared in November 3 2005 by the International Consultant to support the selection and design of this proposed sanitary landfill site. This FS assessed key aspects of the proposed site and facility, including possible alternatives to the recommendations of the Pre-FS on: | . Current solid waste generation and collection . Solid waste characterization and projections . Current means of transport and improved logistics a Industrial, commercial, hazardous and infectious wastes The proposed Luong Hoa site was found to be feasible, it meets established the Inter-Ministerial 3 Instructions selection criteria and is in accordance with the current Development Master Plan. It is also near the existing Ru-Ri open dumpsite, which will be closed and replaced by the new Luong Hoa facility in Phase 2. To minimize social and cultural impacts, key alternatives that were identified and will be Final Environmental Assessment PART I 5.4 l I Il7 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang further addressed during the detailed design stage included the configuration of thie 300 m wide buffer zone around the actual landfill site and the recommended design and traffic management measures for tthe landfill access road to minimize impacts to a pagoda (religious temple) and private school which is located adjacent to the existing access road. 5.3.1 Alternatives Considered in the FS of the New Sanitary Landfill Facility Various alternatives were assessed by the International Consultant during the preparation of the FS for the proposed new Luong Hoa sanitary landfill facility, including: Incineration of solid waste; Pyrolysis of solid waste; Recycling of solid waste; Composting of solid waste and Landfilling of solid waste. A summary of this alternatives analysis and relative costs per ton of wastes is provided in Table I - 5.2. Table I - 5.2 Comparative Analysis & Ranking of Alternative Solid Waste Management Approaches Cost per Ton of Rank Technology Waste Remarks (US $) 1 Sanitary Landfill Site 15 - 20 Cheapest solution but land consuming Expensive solution, suitable for big cities, maintenance and 2 Waste Incineration 100 spare parts intensive, skilled operator needed, landfill site necessary for ashes (10%) 3 Composting 90 Recommendable only if there is demand for soil conditionier, Landfill site necessary (for about 20% of the waste) 4 Recycling 0 Should be promoted, but is not a complete solution. For 85 to 90 % of the waste a landfill site is needed. 5 Waste Pyrolysis 100 -150 Technology is not reliable, expensive and very maintenance and spare parts intensive 5.3.2 Opportunities to Introduce Waste Minimization / Segregation During implementation, it is recommended that further attention be given to the potential for solid waste minimization / segregation. Based on the characterization of collected solid waste provided in Chapter 4, important opportunities appear to be present to further reduce current and projected volumes of solid waste, particularly of recyclable and organic materials. The household survey results provided in Annex 3 indicate that nearly 90 % of the respondents did not currently segregate their solid waste. The main reasons given for this was "because it was a waste of time" (58 % of the responses) and "Do not know how to segregate the wastes" (48.9 % of the responses). This opportunity to strengthen waste minimization / segregation practices at the household is recommended to included in proposed environmental education and training programs provided under Component 6. The current practice of including the collection of construction debris as a public service may also need to be reviewed, particularly since such materials may not be suitable for the typical compactor vehicles proposed for this waste collection. l U Final Environmental Assessment PART I 5.5 I1 . I l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 5.4 Resettlement Alternatives I Component 4 is designed to address the resettlement requirements of the GoV and the Bank of project affected people (PAPs). Key safeguard issues of the Bank include the issues of consultation, compensation on the basis of "market" or "replacement" values and rehabilitation of lost income and/or livelihoods. Resettlement of the Phase 1 PAPs is currently proposed to the provinces' existing resettlement site located within the 100 ha Dat Lanh residential area. In addition to physical resettlement, other alternatives may be of greater interest to the PAPs, particularly those currently residing and earning their livelihoods with the City's urban center. As indicated in Table I - 5.3, indemnification in cash and exchange of land for land are the two ways which the households like best, meanwhile not many people want to buy houses in the resettlement zone in Vinh Thai.. 3 Table I - 5.3 Summary of Survey Responses from Affected People on Resettlement Alternatives Displaced people 's choices of Vinh Luong Phuoc Hai Total resettlement when being displaced. commune (along the railway (households) line) 3 cash. Compensation in 10 (households) 10 Compensation of land for land within 10 10 I commune/ ward Compensation of land for land in resettlement site 8 8 Houses for house in the resettlement 2 2 4 3 area | 5.5 Septic tanks: 3 One objective of the project is to reduce the infiltration of septage and wastewater to the ground water. The question of whether to retain the existing septic tank in service after the house connections are made, to retain the newer ones, or to completely abandone all is still unanswered. The prefeasibility and feasibility studies done by the National Consultant state that most of the septic tanks are either not designed properly, not functioning adequately or both. The report states that approximately 87 percent of I the wastewater penetrates to the surrounding soil. If this statement is true or mostly true then a significant (the majority) volume of the wastewater will be lost through the septic tanks to the surrounding ground and very little will be transferred to the treatment plants if they are retained in service after the house | connections are made. 3 If the septic tanks are retained all should be 100% watertight and this should be confirmed by appropriate and recognized tests. The decision to retain should not be based on the age - i.e whether recently constructed or not, or whether likely to leak or not but rather that they are currently watertight and are more than likely to remain so for the life of the project. We believe it will be difficult and costly maybe | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 5.6 l l Coastal Cities Envir-onmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranig * impossible to waterproof test all the septic tanks certainly it will be highly inconvenient. It would be a less costly to abandone all septic tanks. Retaining the septic tanks (or some of) or the project will incur four (4) additional costs: | * Cost of cleaning and maintaining the tanks periodically a Transporting the septage to the treatment plants or landfill sites | Treatment * Cost of storage in the landfill | All these costs which can be substantial but would be avoided if the septic tanks are abandoned. The cost 3 of treating septage is especially prohibitive because the septage is several times stronger than domestic wastewater. The wastewater treatment plants would also require special design to handle anything other than low volume of septage. It is normal practice elsewhere to connect the households directly to the mainline sewer for this type of system and to design the treatment process accordingly. There is no good reason or significant advantage to retain the septic tanks after the house connections | are made. The treatment plants will be designed for domestic wastewater consistent with direct connection to the system. Accordingly, we recommend that all the septic tanks in the system be abandoned at the same time the house connections are made. This will also avoid excavating twice in the premises. I' I' I ~~Final Environmental Assessment PART I 5.7 I' I' Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Based on completed studies and local consultations, the sub-project is expected to have significant positive benefits for the environment, public health and the tourism-based economy due to reduced frequency and level of flooding in the City's urban center, improved collection and handling oF liquid and solid wastes, and supportive improvements in sanitation service and capacity. From an assessment of proposed Phase 1 sub-project components, baseline conditions and consultations, supported by the experienced gained from similar types of World Bank-funded projects in Vietnam, the following six (6) key sources of potentially adverse environmental impacts were identified: 6 Impact of Construction Works 3 Discharge of untreated wastewater effluents to four (4) outlets: Canal 1 to Cai River; Canal 2; near Ba Lang discharging to East Ocean, Railway Canal discharging to Quan Truong River and open earth channel discharging to Cai River. * Dredged sediment and biosolids, including transport and disposal . Opening of the new Luong Hoa sanitary landfill * Closure of existing Ru-Ri dumpsite . Resettlement site development in Dat Lanh 6.1 Impact of Construction Works The main activities of construction works during Phase 1 include: . Street excavations to install drainage and wastewater system and restoring these areas . Transport of materials to the construction sites . * Temporary storage of dredged and construction material at the construction sites 6. 1.1 Street Excavations Existing combined sewer systems will be either rehabilitated or replaced and expanded, involving a total length of 22 km in the City's three main drainage areas: 1.) central area, 2.) north of Cai River 3.) south of the airport. These combined sewer systems are located within existing right-of-way (ROW) areas of public roads and sidewalks but generally involved urban residential and business areas and traffic. The estimated volume of material to be excavated during the pipeline works is summarized in Table I - 6.1. The total volume of excavation materials to be properly handled and managed to a-void impacts are about 48,000 m3. These excavated materials will consist primarily of sand (the most common soil type in the area) and will be re-used on-site for back-filling of the pipeline trenches once installation is completed. Estimated work period of all each street section is estimated to last 1 - 2 weeks. Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.1 I I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 6.1 Estimated Volume of Excavations for Drainage and Combined Sewer Pipelines | Channel Width Depth Length Excavated Existing Sludge Sediment to Soil width Depth be Dredged m m m m3 m m m3 5 2 93 930 1.5 0.5 70 Channel No. 1 6 2 1097 13164 2 0.5 1097 Channel No. 2 5 2 750 7500 1.5 0.5 563 Channel parallel 2 1253 17542 2 0.5 1253 with railway Pipe lines 9020 I Total 48156 2983 6. 1.2 Dust Pollution from Excavations and Levelling The total volume of excavated soil to be properly transported and disposed of is estimated at 48,000 m3 Dust pollution can be an important concern in such urban areas. | The load of dust pollution dispersed from dredging and leveling is calculated based on a 5 year construction period and use of 5 ton capacity trucks. Table I - 6.2 Estimated air pollutants and noise loading No. Sources Emission Factor Loadings 1 Dust emission from excavating and leveling 1 - 100 g/m3 48-- 4800 kg 2 Dust emission from moving construction materials 0,11 - 1 g/m3 4,8 . 48 kg (cement, earth, rock ... ) and equipment I - Vibration, noise from transportation means and 3 ~~~~~~~ ~ dB ~~~80-90 dB 80-90 mnechanical construction. |4 Smoke from transportation means, mechanical Dust: 4.3 kg/ ton of DO Dust: 2400 kg I construction contains dust, CO, hydrocarbon, SOx, NOx S02: 0,1 kgton of DO S02: 50 kg by truck with 3.5-16 tons loading using DO 1% S. NOx: 55 kgton of DO NOx: 31200 kg CO: 28 kg/ ton of DO CO: 16100 kg | VOC:12 kg/ ton of DO VOC: 2880kg 5 Dust emission from transportation o,i - 1 g/m3 , 4,8 48 kg | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.2 I l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 6. 1.3 Dust and Air Pollution from Construction Vehicles Dust and air pollution will be generated in the construction areas from transport vehicles during periods of work. An estimate of the generated dust and other key air pollution parameters is provided in Tables I - 6.2 and I - 6.3. The existing baseline conditions (Annex 2) on some roads where the construction work will take place showed that among the monitored parameters of air pollution (CO, S02, N02), the concentration of CO is still much lower than national standards while S02, is slightly higher than the national standard for urban areas. During project construction, elevated levels of S02 will be a key air quality impact. However, this impact is identified to be short-term and limited to actual construction periods, which is estimated to last about 1 - 2 weeks along each street where excavations will take place. Table I - 6.3 Dust and Air Pollution Coefficient of Construction Vehicles (source. GEMIS V.4. 1) Parameters Dust SO 2 NO 2 CO VOC 3 Without load 611x10_ 538x10- 1.62 912x10-3 511x10- With load 1190x10-3 786x10-3 2.96 1780x10-3 1270x10-3 Table I - 6.4 Predicted Dust and Air Pollution Load Generated from Construction Vehicles (kg / day) | Parameter Dust SO 2 NO 2 CO VOC Without load 0.31 0.30 0.82 0.46 0.26 With load 0.6 0.40 1.5 0.90 0.64 6.1.4 Noise and Vibration of Transport Vehicles and other Construction Equipment. * The predicted construction noise that will be generated is mainly by the trucks transporting material to / from the project sites and taking out the excess excavated material and by other construction equipment | and machinery. The predicted noise levels one (1) m from the noise sources is presented in Table I - 6.4. The construction noise would be attenuated with distance from noise sources based on the following: | Lp (X)= Lp (Xo) +20 logio (Xo/X) Lp(Xo): noise from 01 with the source (dBA) 5 X.= 1 m Lp(X): the noise at the location need to be calculated X: the location need to be calculated During construction, the noise sources will be about 10 - 20 m away from residential areas. Baseline noise levels along the city streets is around 65 - 75 dBA. Compared to baseline conditions, the noise * generated by project construction vehicles and equipment will be higher than existing noise levels. However, the predicted noise levels 10 - 20 m from the construction sources are redusQed. In some cases, | the noise will be higher than the national standards at distances less than 10 m from noise sources during the construction period, which is expected to last in the range of 1 - 2 weeks for each street section. Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.3 I l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 6.5 Predicted Noise Levels from Construction Vehicles and Equipment Type of Vehicle and Noise Level 1 m from Source Predicted Noise Predicted Noise Equipment Level 10 m from Level 20 m from * Range Average Source Source Bulldozer 93 80 67.0 Leveler 72.0 74.0 60.5 5 47.0 Excavator 72.0 - 84.0 78.0 61 44.0 Truck 82.0 - 94.0 88.0 75 62.0 | Concrete mixer 75.0 - 88.0 81.5 68.5 55.5 National standard (TCVN 5949-1998): 50 - 75 dBA (between 6 AM - 6 PM) for residential areas National standard for working environment issued by Ministry of Health: 85 dBA (8 hour workday) * 6.1.5 Domestic Wastes Generated During Construction Domestic wastes generated by construction workers can be estimated based on the maximum number of I workers working in the construction period, which is estimated at 400 workers. The estimated amount of generated wastewater is 20 m3/day if workers are allowed to bath at the working location. If we don't have 5 any mitigation measures, the estimated BOD pollution could be in the range of 32 kg/day (80 gm BOD/person/day). Estimated solid wastes generation would be in the range of 200 kg/day based on a rate of 0.5 kg/person/day and assuming that the workers are allowed to eat at the construction sites. | The domestic wastes generated during construction could affect local areas, soil and ground water if 3 proper mitigation measures are not applied during construction. If construction site toilets with septic tanks are applied for treatment, the load of organic pollution from wastewater could be reduced by 50 %. 6.1.6 Leakage of Residual Grease and Oil During construction, grease and oil residuals may be generated from maintaining and preparing vehicle and machinery. According to technical documents, the average oil residual from construction machinery | is around 7 liters per change of oil and the period of changing is every 3 - 6 months. If the estimated number of construction vehicles and related machinery is 30 units, the volume of oil residuals that would be generated is estimated at 30 -70 liters / month. The grease and oil waste can be identified as a hazardous waste (code: A3020, Basel: Y8). If strict management measures for collection and disposal of residual oils are not applied, it can be a potential source for soil and ground water pollution. * 6.1.7 Impact to Transportation | Stockpiles of excavated soil and materials along the street excavation sites can cause temporary disruption of normal traffic flows and create public safety issues. Most traffic using the project streets I consists of slow-moving motorcycles and bicycles which can more easily and safely;adjust flow patterns around stockpiled materials and excavation works. Proper traffic management and public safety measures are required to minimize these temnorary traffic impacts and possible disruptions. I Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.4 l I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 6.2 Impacts of Untreated Wastewater Effluent Discharges from New Household Connections I At present, the untreated wastewater or septic tank fluids from about 37% of households living in the project areas are discharged through connections to the existing combined drainage / sewer system or 3 are discharge directly to a nearby canal, lake or pond. The remaining household (63%) discharges their wastewaters into the sandy soil or garden areas. Based on the FS report, Phase 1 of the project will include the connection of 2,000 new households to the upgraded drainage system. These households are | located in four areas: 3 Outlet 1: The area where the sewer line No. 1 will be built. The wastewater from the area of the Canal No. 1 from the Vinh Hai and Vinh Phuoc wards is discharged to the Outlet 1 and 3 to the open channel connecting with the Cai River. This outlet is about 1.7 km from Cai River and about 4 km from the sea (by navigation route). Outlet 2: The surrounding area where sewer line No.2 will be built at Vinh Hoa ward (Ba Lang 3 outlet). Outlet 3: The area near the proposed wastewater treatment plant and discharges to Quan Truong River, to the location 3.7 km from its confluence with the Tac River. The river has the highly variable flow rate (0.8 m3 /s in the dry season and 12.4 m3 /s in the rainy season, respectively). 3 Outlet 4: Son Thuy area in the catchment area of the 250 m long open channel which flows 3 through the Thong Nhat cooperative before it discharges to a location on the Cai River, near its mouth (Tran Phu Bridge). In association with an independent researcher from the Institute for Environmental Technology (Ha Noi), | a preliminary assessment and hydraulic modelling (Annex 2.3) were conducted of the predicted impact of additional household discharges to the quality of surface water bodies where these outlets are located. Model Studies: A mathematical model was done to estimate the impact of connecting the houses planned in Phase 1. The following assumptions were made to simplify the analysis. * The concentrations (BOD5, COD) and flow in the wastewater and receiving bodies are constant U and uniform throughout. * There is complete mixing of the wastewater and the receiving body on contact at the discharge points. | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.5 l l I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang The likelihood of complete or near compete mixing of the wastewater and the receiving bodies occurring I is dependent on: * Width of the receiving stream or channel * Depth of the receiving stream or channel | * Relative velocity of the stream and discharge * Depth of the discharge. Mixing to any degree - partial or complete will be promoted by turbulence (Reynolds No). In these coastal * areas the receiving streams are generally considered as wide open channel i.e the width is greater than 5 to 10 times the depth, velocities are low in both the wastewater discharge and receiving streams. These conditions will inevitably result in laminar flow - and there will be very little or no mixing across boundary layers. The most likely occurrence is a narrow band of highly polluted water on the discharge side of the 3 stream or canal for a length much greater than that predicted by the simplified model. The risks would also be significantly greater than that predicted using the complete mixing assumption as well. The model makes little or no allowance for an extended lack of rainfall or for variation in BOD5, both could markedly I affect the results. These assumptions will result in a simplified model, hence while the results and conclusions cannot be ignored but they must be reviewed accordingly and any decision based on the model analysis should consider the limitation and simplification of the model. Actual field results will always be higher than the | i model results because of the assumptions and simplifications. The different between the two results will be a function of the relative difference in volume. If the volume of the wastewater discharge and the receiving body are close then the resulting concentration will be close to that predicted by the model. If there is a significant difference in volume there will be a corresponding difference between the actual field and model results. In the latter case the model results will be very unrediable. 3 The seasonal variation in BOD (and the other pollutants) for the receiving water body (Quan Truong and Cai river) was unknown at the time of doing the model. Our sampling and testing started in the rainy season, hence only rainy season results are currently available. These are low and are not representative of the annual variation and cannot be used as baseline conditions. In order to make the model practical, even conservative we assumed different hypothetical values for the baseline BOD. We assumed a N seasonal high of 15mg/l and a low of 5mg/l. We believe this range should adequately cover the range of BOD expected for the period until the WWTPs are constructed and do not believe it is necessary to go beyond 15mg/l for two reasons: | There are no practical or on site reason or evidence to believe the BOD will even approach 15mg/l moreover to exceed it by much. * If the BOD is 10mg/I or above the percentage increase will be less than 0.5%. Above 15mg/l the increase will be negligible. | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.6 I l Coastal Cities Environmenital Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang This preliminary impact assessment was conaucted as follows: 3 * Estimate the total load of main pollutants in domestic waste water discharged from different residential areas to different receiving water bodies of the four outlets. * Calculate the dilution level of the pollutants in the water bodies (the decay process is neglected, but I the deposition of suspended solids is considered when the water flow is small enoughi) 3 * Calculate the average concentration of the pollutants in each water body * Assess the discharge impacts and compare with the Phase I plans with the existing situation (based on Vietnam's quality standards for different types of water classifications). 3 Based on the FS, the additional Phase 1 household connection wastewaters will be discharged through four (4) outlets as shown in Figure I - 6.1 l l l l l l l 3 l | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.7 l l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 6.1 General Location and Photographs of Discharge Outlets and Receiving Water Bodies Outlet No. 1 Channel and Downstream Low-laying Area Outlet No. 2 Channel and Discharge to Coastal Area VI TRICUA XACUA KENHS6 I RA SONG CAI GAN CAU DUINGSAT -CUA XA 1, NHA TRANG V TRi CIA XA CUA KPENH S6 2 TAI BA LANG -CTUAxA 2, NHA TRANG 7 LOCATION OF CANAL I TO CAI RIVER NEAR RAILWAY BRIDGE -OUTLET 1, NHA TRANG LOCATION OF CANAL 2 AT BA LANG -OUT. HOP c6NG xky ANGmjj6AN -~~~ C6NGH6P~~BX CIJVERT P. ~~ I ~C6NG HOP X'AY Mdl .o ~~~NEW BOX CULVERT C6N C/ I ~~~~~C _ ic6NG HOP XAY m6i~ NG dH ti TE N L OUTLETII NEW1OXCLVER UV!N EOAO 6I~~U ~~ G -EASTSEA 7 RAILWAY A CANAl ~i OF NAM4 VOIH HAI EAI < E .4F:-- U- - X -_,'g k a\,-1~-~--~O gl. \ > \CAR , - l- X// \\I/r "tV- \'s5NGA VONG TO rUAN TRUONG RrVER . >__/ QUANTIO RIVER XAY DUNG CONG TNCA E - , - s ,.TRONG KHOM DAN CUQUOC 'CONSTRUCTION CONCBINE SEERS - - - 'HU BRIDGE ,' " 't QUOC TUAN RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER IN ats B\HUDOCI1SIeVARD= t \ T TAN WAID QUAN KHU DAp CU/VINHI TH1AI D -,VINH THAI RES'IDENTIAL / D ?kAREAECET-,,~LHNGHN = --- t---RESIDEFTLALAREA PROEIT 1IN /2 \' 0\ // -. ' O/ --- WEST OF LE.HON6-PHONG ROAD E - - LI\ ; ,, / 0 ts - - aL tn \ - - - " . ,, | ~~~~~~~~~~~~TIL E -CAL H 4 ** V, ~~~~~~~~~~~~TI LE-SCALE 50005 2000504 L-S 1! ____~~ ~ L i jl l2 r lr _t._l Final Environmental Assessment PART 1 6.9 Coastal Cities Environnmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 6.2. 1 Predicted Total Pollution Load To estimate the total pollution load from the domestic waste water to be discharged through the outlets, the Vietnamese Standards for the Infrastructure Construction were used (TCXD 51:84: 30 gm//person/day for biological oxygen demand (BOD), 50 gm/person/day for suspended solids (SS), 7 gm/person/day for total nitrogen (TN) and 1.7 gm/person/day for total phosphorus (P205). Due to the lack of a national standard for COD, a value of 50 gm/person/day was applied taking into consideration of the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1993) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). For the total coliform, the average rate of 250 million microbes/person/day was applied. Based on the number of people living in the areas, estimated existing connection rate reported in the EA socio-economic survey (37% of households connected) and the proposed number of the new household connections (based on the sub-project's FS), a summary of these calculations and predicted total pollution loads is provided in the Table I - 6.5. Outlet 1: The wastewater from the area of the Canal No. 1 from the Vinh Hai ward and Vinh Phuoc ward is discharged from the Outlet 1 to the 1.7 km long open channel connecting with the Cai river. The end of the channel is blocked at high tides by a salt water intrusion prevention dam which also blocks discharge when closed (in high tides). It is noted that this existing surface drainage route passes through a low- 2 laying swampy area in the middle of the channel, whiph has an area of about 1 km that is used for rice farming and fishing. The water quality of this low-laying area will need to be monitored due to the slow water movement and limited exchange/dilution capacity especially when the salt prevention dam is closed. At present, the channel also receives wastewater from two seafood processing factories. Potential issues from discharge to low-lying area were raised by local residents during the February, 2006 survey including: . Odor, especially in the dry season. 3 * Influence on rice farming and fishing production. This results in reduced income of local far-ners. * Coarse solids such as wasted paper, plastic bag, cloth so on are trapped into the swamp. Outlet 2: The wastewater will discharge directly through an open channel to the shoreline of Nha Trang Bay. High dilution and dispersion capacity of coastal waters can mitigate considerably the pollutants. However, in the ebb tidal phase, the outlet may have adverse impacts to the coastal conditions and impact to local residents and tourists when they walk or swim along the beach. This outlet is close to popular swimming and tourist areas. Increased discharge will increase the pollutants and adverse health risks to the tourists. No new HH should be connected to the system. Outlet 3: The flow rate of the Quan Truong River is highly variable between wet and dry season. During the wet season, it is expected that high dilution capacity may mitigate the effects of increased discharges. Discharge impacts will increase during the dry season when river flow is greatly reduced. Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.10 I l m - - m - - m m m m m Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 6.6 Summary of Predicted Total Pollutant Loads for Four Discharge Outlets Outlet 1 Outlet 2 Outlet 3 Outlet 4 Receiving Water Body Channel connected to Thie Cai East Sea The Quan Truong River The Cai River River Household Connection Existing Existing Existing Existing Scenario PLUS Net PLUS Net PLUS New Net PLUS Net Existing New Increase Existing New Increase Existing Phase 1 Increase Existing New Increase Phase 1 Phase 1 Phase 1 Est. No. of People 8,787 9,847 1,060 1,265 1,796 231 21,335 24,120 2,785 426 3,701 3,275 Connected 212 3 Flow rate (m /day) 1,757 1,969 253 359 106 4,267 4,824 557 85 740 655 BOD(kg/day) 264 295 31 38 54 16 640 724 84 13 111 98 COD (kg/day) 439 492 53 63 90 27 1,067 1,206 139 21 185 164 Total Nitrogen (kg/day) 61.51 68.93 7.42 8.86 12.57 3.71 149.35 168.84 19.50 2.98 25.91 22.93 Phosphate (kg/day) 14.94 16.84 1.90 2.15 3.05 0.90 36.27 41.00 4.73 0.72 6.29 5.57 Coliform (million 2,196,750 2,462,00 265.250 316.25 449.000 132.750 5,333,75 6,030,000 696,250 106,500 925,25 818,750 microbes /day) 0 0 0 0 Final Environmental Assessment PART i 6.11 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 3 Outlet 4: At the end of the outlet is the open earth channel that plays a role as a wastewater discharge. During the ebb tidal phase (about 8 hours a day), the stagnant flow conditions may result in bad odour 3 and unsanitary conditions. So, the mitigation measures that we strongly recommend are dredging the channel to remove sediment and extend the outlet to meet the Cai River (replacing the open earth channel by box culvert). There are 69 households among 461 households surveyed that have small business operations, * equivalent to 15% and 16 households connected to the existing drainage due to the results of Socio- 3 economic Survey in September - October 2005. However, the amount of wastewater produced is too small to cause remarkable effects on total pollutant loadings. However, in the case of the channel numnber 1 received the wastewater not only from the Outlet 1 but also from two fishery processing factories, the total loading has been recalculated. To reduce the bad situation caused by the wastewater from the business of family scale, the measure mitigation suggested is constructing the pit to separate sediment, oil and grease prior to discharge to the drainage system. The pit has been designed and constructed according to local economic conditions. The recommended dimensions of the pit are presented as followed: 3 * Length: 600 mm * Width: 600 mm 3 * Height: 1500 mm Figure 6.1 The separation pit 3 Hi I ' 6.2.2 Predicted Changes in Pollution Concentrations in Low-laying land area of Outlet 1 At this time, the channel also receives wastewater from two seafood processing factories with the daily | wastewater discharge of 100 m3 with predicted high concentration values of COD, BOD5, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The low-laying area has been calculated by two cases: | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.12 l l 3 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang * Case 1: In the dry season, the 1.7 km channel has a width of 8-12 m and average depth of 1 m. * Case 2: In wet season, the total a 1 km2 lowland area is flooded to depths of 1 m. The loadings discharged into the channel may be re-calculated as taking into account of the wastewater discharge from seafood processing factories (Table I - 6.6). 3 Table I - 6.7 Predicted Changes in Pollutant Loadings in the Channel Volume Pollution load (kg/ngay) Coliform (m 3/ngay) COD BOD5 Total N Total P (106 Outlet 1 microbes) I Outlet 1 Present 1.757 439 264 61,5 15 2.197 Phase 1 1.969 492 295 68,9 16,84 2.462 Seafood Processing factory 100 200 150 30 4 - | Total I Present 1.857 639 414 91,5 19 Phase 1 2.069 692 445 98,9 20,84 Net increase 212 53 31 7,4 1,84 265 I Predicted changes in pollution concentrations in lowland area in dry season: 3 Figure I - 6.3 General Diagram of Outlet 1 connected to Cai River Seafood processing wastewater |Ut Salt Preventing Dam -- ------------- -- ---_ Cai River Outlet 1 Channel / V' 1.7 km The estimated flow rate of channel which has average width and depth of 10 m and 1.0 m respectively is I about 0.1 m3 /s. The concentration of pollutants can be estimated based on mass balance equation. The mass balance equation is simply expressed: Q Ci + QwCw = (Qi + Qw)Ce 1 3 Where: Q0, Qw : the flowrate of the channel and discharge from outlet. | Cl, Cw, Ce: the concentration of pollutants in the channel, discharge and the effIuent. Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.13 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table I - 6.8 Predicted Changes in Pollutant Concentrations in the Channel in the Dry Season Pollution concentration (mg/I) 0oliform 3 COD BODs Total N Total P (MPN/100mrl) Present 70.75 44.38 10.36 1.81 677 x 103 Phase 1 75.03 49,61 13.76 2.34 688 x 103 | TCVN 5942-1995 (Class B) 35 25 16 - 10 x 10 % increase 6 12 33 30 2 I The resulting predicted concentrations of pollutants are higher than the allowed values set by Vietnamese I Standard for Water Quality - Class B (for agricultural use). The main source of pollutants may come from the seafood factories. In the dry season, the water has a bad odour and there are many flies. Therefore, it 3 is strongly recommended that the wastewater of the two factories should be treated to meet tlhe Vietnamese standards prior to be discharge to the channel and the sediment should be dredged. The 3 3 volume of dredged sediment is estimated to be about 7,200 m (based on the average sediment depth of and dredging cost to improve channel drainage may be in the range of USD 30,000. 0.3 - 0.5 m) Predicted changes in pollution concentrations in lowland area during flooded conditions: The low-laying land area has its surface of about 100 ha and average water depth of 1.0 m. Thus, the total volume of the water contained in the lowland area during flooded conditions is approximately of 1,000,000 m . 3 | Estimated BOD removal in the wetland can be calculated by the following formula (Sherwood C. 1988. Nattiralsystem for waste management and treatment.) U~~~~ ' = exp[-K,t] O~~~~ * K2o and KT for BOD decay reaction are: 3 K20,BOD = 0.08 day-' KT,BOD = 0.15 day-' at average temperature 26.50C Similarly, K20 and for nitrogen are: 3 KT KO = day-' K20,N = 0.009 day-1 0.20 KT,N = 0.017 day-' at average temperature 26.5oC The resulting calculations of pollutant removal by natural wetland are showed in Table I - 6.8. l l | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.14 I Nha Trang Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Table I - 6.9 Estirnated Pollutant Removal by Natural Wetland along Outlet 1 Channel Loading Flowrate of Effluent Concentration | BOD5 Total nitrogen wastewater BOD5 Total Nitrogen kg/day kg/day m3/day mg/I mg/l At present 414 91.5 1,857 0.18 0.85 With New Phase 1 445 98.9 2,069 0.2 0.9 Connections Standards TCVN 25 16 5942-1995 (Class B) The predicted concentrations of BOD5 and total nitrogen are lower than the allowed values of Vietnamese Standard for Water quality (TCVN 5942-1995 - Class B) because the 1 km low-laying land area has the 2 high capacity of assimilating organic matters and nitrogen. Thus, no significant impacts are predicted. 6.2.3 Predicted Change of Pollution Concentrations in Cai River The downstream area of Cai River up to its confluence with the channel receiving wastewater from the Outlet 1 receives wastewater from the Outlets 1 and 4. The predicted total pollution load for baseline and | with new Phase 1 household connections is summarized in Table I - 6.9. Table I - 6.10 Predicted Total Pollution Loads at Present and with new Phase 1 Household 3 Connections BOD COD TN P205 3 (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) At Present 427 660 94.5 124.0 With New Phase 1 Connections 445 877 19.7 27 fl Figure I - 6.5 General Diagram of Outlets 1 and 4 to the Cai River 1 E A Outlet 1 3 Upstream of Cai . River Open channel Low-laying land area B Outlet 4 AB 10km 170 ny' BC: 1.4 km V Open channel CD 0.8 km-- EF: 0 9 km FB. 0.8 km D Tran Phu Bridge 3 The lower section of the Cai River is impacted by the discharges of both Outlet 1 and 4. To assess these were impacts over the course of the river which is tidally influenced, hydraulic and water quality models 3 generated using MIKE 11 software package. The detailed calculation and results of model are given in the Annex 2. PART I 6.15 | Final Environmental Assessment 1 l I. Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang During ebb tide period, the concentration of BODs decreases a little when moving downstream as shown | in the Figure I - 6.4: This predicted pattern and estimated impact area and concentrations in Cai River are similar for other values of BOD5 and for other pollutants. | Figure I - 6.7 Predicted Pollution Concentrations and Impact Areas, Outlets 1 and 4 to Cai River during ebb tide l BOD5 (mu-gIm3) 10250000 10200000 3 10150000 10100000 10050000 1 10000000 -- Location B Present Phase I I 9950000 0 1250 1 LI 2500 3750 5000 6200 7400 I 8600 9800 10520 11570 | Note: 10,000,000 mu-g/n 3 = 10 mg/l. The BODs value set by Vietnamese Standard is 25 mg/l (TCVN 5942-1995: Vietnamese Standard for Water Quality - Class B). Table I - 6.11 Predicted Upper Boundary at Present and with new Phase 1 Household Connections I Tie Discharge Option Tide Volume Upper Boundary of Mixing Zone (km) ~ (m3 QIs) ~~~~~~ ~~~~~H (in) In the river section AB In the river section EB I At present High Tide Minimum (distance from B toward upstream) 3.2 (distance from B toward upstream) 4.9 With Phase 1 Connections High Tide Minimum 3.2 4.9 At present High Tide Maximum 0.5 2.1 * With Phase 1 Connections High Tide Maximum 0.5 2.1 At present Low Tide Minimum 1.7 3.5 I With Phase At present With Phase 1 Connections 1 Connections Low Tide Low Tide Low Tide Minimum Maximum Maximum 1.7 0.7 0.7 3.5 2.4 2.4 | During the tidal phase, the area of impact can be calculated as shown in Figure I - 6.5 for BODs upstream 3 levels equal 10 mg/l, for the dry season flow discharge and high tide conditions. This is the case when the tide flow can reach the farthest upstream. | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.16 l I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 6.9 Predicted BOD 5 Concentrations and Impact Areas in Cai River during Neap Tide Phase I B005 (rnu-gIrn3) ~ ~~~10400000 10350000 10300000 -Present_-H 10250000 Present_L I 10200000 Phase 1_H 10150000 Lo tion LocaionF 10100000 * ~~~~10050000 10000000 ....... .... . I 9950000 I OCation Pt 90 0 0 r i i ~ ; I 11 1 1 I 3 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6200 7400 8600 9800 10520 11570 ~~Note: 10,000,000 mu-g/m = 10 mg/Il The 8005 value set by Vietnamese Standard Is 25 mg/I (TC VN 5942- 1995 Vletnamese Standard for Water Quality - Class B). 3 ~6.24 Predicted Change of Pollution Concentrations in Quan Truong River The average river discharges Q at upstream boundaries (point A and E) are taken as follows: 3IS) Q(M Rainy season Dry season At point A 100 10 At point E 12.4 0.8 The water level H at the sea (downstream) boundary is taken the same as for the Cai River system. 3 To assess these impacts over the course of the river which is tidally influenced, hydraulic and water ~~quality models were generated using MIKE 11 software package. The detailed calculation and results of model are given in the Annex 2. 3 ~~~Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.17 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 6.11 General Diagram of Outlet 3 and Quan Truong River I ~~~~~~~~A Upstream of Quan D Truong River *E | 9 9 >--. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Outlet 3 I^ B AB: 10 km BC: 2.7 km DE: 7 km EB: 0.8 km East Sea If the concentration of BOD5 given at the upstream boundary is taken equal to 10 mg/I, its value increases only 0.45 mg/l at the location B receiving wastewater from Outlet 3. The concentration of BODs decreases a little when moving downstream as shown in the Figure I - 6.7. Figure I - 6.13 Predicted Impact Area and BOD5 Concentrations in Quan Truong River I BOD5 (mu-g/m3) 10500000 10400000 10300000 Quan Truong | lt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mni ith 10200000 10100000 Location C v 10000000 i 1250 2500 ZLoration B Present Pha 1 9900000 , a I 9750 10775 12150 3 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6188 7375 8563 Note: 10,000,000 mu-g/lm = 10 mg//. The BOD5 value set by Vietnamese Standard is 25 mg/l (TCVN 5942-1995: Vietnamese Standard for Water Quality - Class B). During the neap tide phase (withdrawing tide), the water in Quan Truong River flows down toward the East Sea and the pollutants mixing zone can be considered as that from the point E to B and C. However, 3 during the spring tidal phase (rising tide), the mixing zone is different for different options of H and Q described above. | During the neap tide phase, the area of impact can be calculated and described in the Figure I - 6.8 for BOD5 equal 10 mg/I. I Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.18 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 6.15 Predicted BODs Concentrations and Impact Areas in Quan Truong River during Neap Tide Phase BOD5 (mu-g/m3) 11100000 10900000 Present_H 10700000 Present_L Location C Pha 1_H * .r/ 1\ -u ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1_L I 4 u ~~~~10500000 1/ 10500000// Quan Truong 10300000 Lo ation B rivrr mniith 10100000- 9900000 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6188 7375 8563 9750 10775 12150 Note. 10,000,000 mu-g/rn 3 = 10 mg/l. The BOD5 value set by Vietnamese Standard is 25 mg/I (TCVN 5942-1995. Vietnamese Standard for Water Quality - Class B). If the concentration of BODs given at upstream boundary is taken equal to 10 mg/I, its value is predicted to increase only 0.45 mg/l at location B. The concentration of BODs decreases a little when moving downstream as shown in the Figure I - 6.8. Pumping station In phase 1, a pumping station with capacity of 5 000 m3 per day will be built in the East of Tran Phu Road. The effluent of the pump station will be discharged into Dong Bo river approximately 2.5 km from the | coast. 3 This will result in increased pollutants for this river such as BODs, nutrients, pathogen and oxygen depletion due to oxygen consumption by natural BOD aerobic process and nitrification. The concentration of these pollutants and the oxygen depletion are estimated based on mass balance and Strepter Phelphs I model. The concentration of BOD, total nitrogen and total coliform of Dong Bo River after mixing zone will be 3.14, 0.26 and 4x105, respectively. DO depletion in Dong Bo River is showed in the following figure. I I Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.19 II Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I Figure I - 6.17 DO depletion of Dong Bo River 6.5 5.5 c,. 5 / 04.5 I __ , __ , _ _4 3.5 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~3 () 5 1() 15 2() 25 30 35 40 45 50 I)istance (kim) U Figure 6.9 shows that the critical DO depletion will occur at about 5 km downstream from the pump station. However, this DO is still higher than TCVN 5943:1995 on water quality for coastal area. The tidal effects on the dispersion of pollutants must also be considered. During high (spring) tide the I concentration of the pollutants will increase because of the "backing-up" effect of the tide. During the reserve cycle (neap tide) the increased pollutants could result in lower DO content than that predicted by the model. This lower DO will occur in the coastal water and could adversely impact aquatic life The assumptions and limitations of the hydraulic modeling are stated in Section 6.2 Model Study, page 6.11 and 6.12. Base on these assumptions and limitation the model results are summarized as: * Based on the available baseline data for this assessment, the results show th3t the general pattern of pollutant movement and distribution is almost the same due to the activeness of the considered water bodies. Decay effect is assumed to play an insignificant role due to the highi dilution and dispersion factors. So the results described above can be used for assessment of * other scenarios of hydraulic regime, waste water discharge and baseline conditions. * The total amounts of the pollutants contributed by the waste water discharged to the downstream area of Cai and Quan Truong Rivers in the present condition and with New Phase 1 Connections 5 are relatively small. When the wastewater collection construction for the Phase 1 is made, the net increases of the pollutants loads are about 38% and 13% for the two rivers respectively. However, high dilution rate of the rivers will result in the predicted insignificant increase of these pollutant concentrations which will not exceed water quality standards based on available information assumption applied. * The portions of pollutant concentrations from domestic water would be the;highest in the case when the river flow is low and tidal amplitude is high. However, their net values are still small compared to the observed data represented the baseline conditions. Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.20 l .' Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang * The amounts of pollutants discharged through the Outlet 2 are very small compared to the active coastal I water body. Thus the domestic waste from the Outlet 2 would not affect the Bay but may affect adjacent beach areas due to its open surface discharge. To mitigate such impacts, it is recommended to extent the pipeline off-shore or provide information program with signs along the beach area warning about the outlet discharges and potential public health risks of untreated wastewater effluents. * Discharges from Outlets 1 and 4 due to unimproved open channels prior to final discharge to the receiving water body. Recommended mitigation measures include dredging of these channels to improve drainage and providing information programs to advise the public of outlet discharges and in the case of outlet 1, treating of fish factory wastewaters. Recommendation: The most effective impact mitigation measure is to postpone the household connections until the WWTPs are operational or advance the schedule for constructing WWTPs to provide treatment earlier in the project period so that these project components are more closely linked. However, if it is agreed and locally approved to allow some household connections to the combined sewer system prior to completion of the WWTPs, this report considers the impacts, potential risks and presents some mitigation measures and guidelines. However, because of the ability of the receiving water body to absorb the additional discharges without significant adverse impact, new connections may be allowed in the catchment areas for Outlet 2 as part of CCESP Phase 1. The increased BOD concentrations in Cai and Quan Truong River as shown in analysis are relatively small, but the existing level of coliform concentration is of concern and will increase when the rivers receive additional wastewater from additionally connected households. 6.3 Impact of the Dredging Activities and Sediment Transport and Disposal 6.3. 1 Impacts on Air Quality and Safety The total volume of canal sludge to be dredged and deposited pipeline sediments to be removed is estimated at 3,000 m3 . The dredging activities of deposited anaerobic sediments can impact local air qUality with the odors that can affect workers as well as residences and businesses near the area. The main source of such air pollution is CH4 and H2S, especially from the sludge in the lake and drainage canals which have been deposited and undisturbed over many years. Both CH and H2S are identified as 4 | toxic gases and can cause serious irritation and suffocation to people in high concentrations and long contact, such as for workers that may be involved in cleaning the combined sewer culverts. To avoid such potential impacts and risks, good ventilation and limited time exposure is required in such confined areas. The sludge removed from urban drainage systems will be directly placed into tanker trucks for transport to the disposal site so that storage time and air quality impacts to local residents will be minimized. Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.21 l Il Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 6.3.2 Impact of Transporting and Disposing of Dredged Sludge 3 With the amount of dredged sediment is around 3,000 mn, it is estimated that about 600 vehicle trips may * needed to bring dredged material to disposal site(s). However, the dredging period is expected to extend over a number of years which will reduce the daily traffic disturbance that may be caused by these off-site | transport requirements. Because sediment is expected to be in a very liquid state, tanker-type tucks which can retain such liquids will be required to be used to avoid leachate impacts to roadside areas during transport. 3 Sediment samples were collected within the proposed dredging areas in February 2006 and tested for key quality parameters to assess disposal impacts and any special handling requirements. The summary results of this sediment testing are provided in Table I - 6.12 and supporting laboratory results are provided in Annex 2. No toxic or potentially toxic material was detected in the material. There is no Vietnamese sediment quality standard, so similar to recent EAs prepared for World Bank funded projects, quality standards and sediment classifications used in Dutch Soil Clean-up Guide!;nes (1995; 1999) were | applied as summarized in the Table below. 3 Table I - 6.13 Summary of CCESP Sediment Quality Sampling Results, Nha Trang Total Total I Sampling Site Sampling Date pH Solids (%) Volatile Solids (%) Total P (ppm) Pb (ppm) Cr (ppm) Total N (ppm) Cu (ppm) TB 1 Feb. 12, 2006 6.76 36.62 0.20 387.0 19.6 3.4 451.8 12.4 * TB 2 Feb. 12, 2006 6.93 37.67 0.10 387.0 21.1 2.9 451.8 12.4 TB 3 Feb. 12, 2006 6.58 42.57 0.12 179.5 15.6 3.2 416.5 29.8 TB 4 Feb. 12, 2006 6.71 22.67 0.93 1,421.1 48.1 8.3 2,195.5 89.9 X TB 5 Feb. 12, 2006 6.81 38.94 0.07 324.5 17.2 4.3 527.8 17.0 TB 6 Feb. 12, 2006 6.55 42.78 0.10 162.5 7.4 2.8 242.7 6.1 International Standards (Dutch Soil Clean-up Guidelines; 1995; 1999) | 'safe" values - can be used / disposed without treatment < 530 < 380 - < 90 "storage" values - should be safely stored and monitored - - - 90 - 190 "clean-up" values - hazardous, must be properly treated > 530 > 380 - > 190 U Sediment Sampling Site Descriptions: TB 1: At Ba Lang outlet TB 2: Army area on Nam Hon Kho Road I. -TB TB 3: At Soil Canal on Phuoc Hue Road 5: Near No. 3 Power Supply P - Phosphate TB 4: TB 6: N - Nitrogen At Field Vegetables near Garrison At Outlet to Dong Bo river Pb - Lead Cu- Copper Cr - Chromium 3 According to the results of the tested parameters and Dutch standards, the sediments to be dredged can be classified as the Class 1 and 2 or safe for use or disposal without treatment. Following general Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.22 l l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I practices and land use in the area, it is expected that these dredged sediments will be used for filling and/or paddy field's embankment . J According to the sampling results, the sediment cannot be used for agricultural or landscape purpose. The sediment should be dried before transport to the disposal site. The disposal sited should be approved 3 by DONRE & CPC 6.4 Impacts of Solid Waste Management Opening of the new 6 ha sanitary landfill site at Luong Hoa and closing the existing, nearby 4 - 6 ha Ru- Ri dumpsite will involve sensitive environmental issues and potential impacts during Phase 1. Proper design, supervision and monitoring of these activities will be needed to ensure that potential impacts are properly managed, mitigated and monitored during site clearance and operation. * 6.4. 1 Impact of Site Clearance and Proposed Use Earthworks and levelling activities for the new site will displace the existing vegetation of about 6 ha of | rocky shrub land, farm plots and cashew trees. Earth works at the site for its initial phase of development will involve some 200,000 m3 materials of soil and rock which are expected to be largely used on-site for | levelling as well as used as cover layers for closure of the Ru-Ri dumpsite. A summary of the soil boring results from geotechnical investigations completed for the Luong Hoa site are provided in Annex 2. 3 The proposed site complies with the selection criteria for such a landfill facility serving a city the size of 3 Nha Trang based on Inter-Ministerial Instruction on Regulation on Environment Protection for Solid Waste Disposal Areas (No: 01/2001/TTLT-BKHCNM-BXD). These include the site evaluation criteria for distance from nearby communities, prevailing wind directions and sensitive environmental features, such as nearby surface waters. The proposed site is located approximately one (1) kilometre north of the existin(g Ru-Ri dumpsite which has been in operation since 1988 (Figure I - 6.10). l l *I l I l | Final Environmental Assessment PART I 6.23 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Figure I - 6.19 General Location, Topographic and Proposed Site Development Map, Luong Hoa Landfill Vk TRi CHUAN 5l SITE EXTESION \I / '., '. . \ . \ O CHON LAP CHAT THAIOI)0C HAI HAZARDOUSWASTE SECTION ~~~XLt RAC 00C HAI * 1 , *, * .,I '. ; ' \' _ LY NUdSC .' ' .,- '- .j o ,. X TREATMENT MCHrA TRANG I '6 E 'F~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~' I~~~~~ .- AOHATERSnN ' - "- " ''/ 'I f * . ' - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~KHO i,2'-''j\ { z w t CHUIA RAC TAM THOI - .' I ~~~~~~~~~,/ CREEK _ '--('', / -',, INTERIM SOIL STORAGE " -'' | E_ p\E ,Sl ',. > >' *6''CWILL -- - t NHiA TRANG " CEMETERY ,j ,;, - ___ .' . -Or- I tJC.ri,c.4 1 10r srs4 -r,N.R L,-NrD. IZrLU I~/, -A~~~I Jg~ , 7 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~' ~~ 3, - ,<' -. - _ , nX r .,, j,' .K 'A,; Sound operational practices will be established for the new landfill facility in accordance with the Inter- ministerial Instructions No. 01/2001/TTLT-BKHCNMT. Based on these Instructions, the following mitigation measures will be established and maintained during operations: | . Solid waste weighing upon arrival * Daily covering with soil of deposited wastes Disposed solid must be covered with soil and | compacted at the end of each operating day * Cleanliness and covering of collection vehicles | . Explosive landfill gas controls * Drainage systems to divert run-off from adjacent slopes and hills from entering the landfill area | Leachate collection and treatment program and plant, involving three lined treatment ponds 3 which progressively treat the leachate: Pond No. 1: 19,000 m3 (anaerobic); Pond No 2: 16,000 m3 (aerobic), and Pond No 3: 13,000m3 (polishing pond) The hydraulic retention time in the three ponds together with a total volume of 48,000 m3 is about 54 days to meet established Vietnamese quality standards (TCVN 5945-1995) for effluent which sets a BOD maximum limit of 50mg/l. The effluent from the leachate treatment plant will be discharges to the seasonal stream that rungs through the project area after it originates from near the existing Ru-Ri * dumpsite. Due to the currently untreated leachate discharges originating from this dumpsite, the water in this creek is brown and foaming, with an estimated BOD of 2,000 to 3,000 mg 02/1. Based on the FS, the projected volume of treated discharges will range from an estimated 1,100 m3 in the rainy season to zero discharge during the dry season (when any available treated discharges will be re-sprayed on the | landfill site to maintain adequate moisture levels for decomposition to take place) Final Environmental Assessment PART II 7.16 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Minimizing Leachate Volumes: The proposed Luong Hoa landfill site is surrounded by steep hills that I are up to 90m higher than the site's lower elevations, with an estimated watershed area of over 1km 2 currently flowing into the landfill site basin. Rainfall run-off from these slopes that is allowed to enter the landfill would significantly increase the potential volumes of leachate generated and treatments required | to avoid environmental impacts. As an important mitigation measure, drainage canals and maintenance roads will be provided above and around the perimeter of the landfill site to collect and divert these seasonal run-off flows to the creek below the landfill site. Figure 11 - 7.4: Liner System | Waste | Gravel, 50 cm Ifii;, I;-ffP, Geotextil, 10 mm, 2000g/m2 HDPE Liner, 2,5 mm | ~~~~~~~~Clay, 50 cm Groundwater Protection - Liners System: After excavation and leveling a first layer of I Underground, Underground, Soil and Rocks 50 cm clay shall be placed and compacted. A welded HDPE liner (2.5 mm thick) shall be installed above the compacted clay layer. * .:- The HDPE liner in the slop areas needs to be rough on both sides to avoid slippage down the hill. 3 A drainage layer of 50 cm gravel will be placed on top of the HDPE liner. The HDPE liner will be protected from puncture by the gravel by a layer of geotextile (about 10 mm thick) (Figure 23). | Geotextile is the most appropriate protection layer for the synthetic liner. However, geotextile is comparatively expensive. The second best solution is to use coarse sand (grain size about 8mm). I When using sand as drainage layer for the HDPE liner the leachate drainage pipes have to be covered with geotextile to avoid the sand falling through the perforations in the pipes. Drainage layer out of sand is only possible in the bottom area of the landfill site. In the slope area sand slide down. In the slope | area gravel with geotextile is unavoidable. 3 Closure of Cell Areas as they are Filled: The currently proposed 6ha area of the new facility is expected to have a span of 3 - 5 years, after which it is expected that additional areas, or 'cell', will be life prepared for similar use. A typical sanitary landfill site has a design lifespan of 25 years. Closure of the | Final Environmental Assessment PART II 7.17 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang * 6 hectare "ceWl" that is developed under Phase 1 of the sub-project will need to follow established procedures, such as currently provided in the Inter-ministerial Instructions. Figures 11-7.4 to 11-7.6 show * schematic cross-sections of the landfill site, some of the basic features and the progressive stages of filling and sealing (closing) each cell within the landfill site as it is filled to design capacity. 3 - Figure 11 7.5 Cross Section of the Landfill Site, Phase 1 | \ Maintenace Separation Road \,_ Dyke I - _ - - - - -_ Surface Leachate Collection Pipes Water Drain Figure 11 7.6 - Start of Closure Procedure during Phase 11 Sealing and Recultivation U~ -> _ I Phase1 Once the entire landfill site is filled to its' design capacity, the final closure and sealing of the site will be made. The site will be sealed with a 1.0 m thick layer of clay and a cover of 0,30 m top soil to reduce the amount of leachate that needs to be treated. As part of the closure procedure, shrubs and grass will be planted to minimize the erosion of the landfill site cover. Figure II- 7.7 Final Closure of the remair,;ng pail of the Landfill Site after Completion Phase Ill Final Closure and Sealing of the Landfill Site An A,,^·O 0 Gas Collection: Landfill gas, also called bio gas, is a mixture of about 50 to 60% of Methane and 40 to 50% of Carbon dioxide (plus 1 to 2% of up to 200 different trace gases). Landfill gas has a direct impact on the landfill area. It is inflammable, leads to smouldering fire inside the waste body and can cause explosions. Re-cultivation of the waste body is difficult if the gas reaches the roots of the plants. More important than the direct local impact is the indirect impact on the climate. Methane is a strong greenhouse gas. It needs to be burned. A reasonable amount of landfill gas can be expected after about two years of operation when sufficient waste is accumulated for an anaerobic situation. The landfill gas collection system will be based on horizontal pipes that are built in the waste body continuously with the filling process. The leachate pipes will be included into the horizontal collection Final Environmental Assessment PART 11 7.18 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang system. Vertical gas collection wells can be installed when the final disposing level has been reached. All wells will be connected to landfill gas collection stations. The system is interconnected through a main collection (ring-) line. A vacuum pump station collects the gas and supplies a flare to burn it. The collection and flaring (or using as thermal energy or for electricity generation) of landfill gas is an eligible Cleaner Development Mechanism (CDM) project. By Vietnamese law only gas venting wells are required. It is strongly recommended that URENCO applies for a Carbon Reduction Certification (CRC) to be able to get financial support (grant) for the gas collection system. There are several possibilities to apply for CRs, one way is to use the World Bank which has a special office for such projects. Leachate Collection and Removal Systems: The maximum high to the landfill site needs to be limited to 90 m. The pressure at the bottom of a 90 m high landfill is about 90 tons per square meter. There are no reinforced drainage pipes on the world market that can carry a higher load than 90 tUm2. Picture 13 shows an example of a reinforced leachate collection pipe. The leachate collection pipes shall have a gradient of 2 to 3 %. Each collection pipe ends in a collection shaft in the dyke that closes the landfill site. Hazardous Waste Disposal: There'will be one section of the landfill site (Phase I) designated for the disposal of hazardous waste (see Figure 22). The main purpose for having a separate area for hazardous waste is to be able to locate the potentially toxic material in case it can be found in the ground water when testing the monitoring wells. In such a case it is necessary to dig out the hazardous waste again to avoid further water contamination. However, seepage to the ground water is highly unlikely because of the HDPE liner. The nature volume and concentration of the hazardous waste that will be transported or delivered to the site is unknown at this time. Therefore the nature and concentration of the leachate it will produce is equally unknown. The waste and leachate will be tested and proper storage and chemical treatment selected according to the nature of the waste. The hazardous waste section needs to have an own leachate pipe and an own leachate collectic, i shaft. The leachate shall be stored in a separate pond for chemical treatment if necessary. Only after analysis it can be pumped into the normal waste water treatment ponds for further biological treatment if necessary. The hazardous waste shall be covered immediately with clay to minimize the amount of leachate. The expected amount of hazardous waste is so small that an area of 50m x 50m shall be sufficient. The hazardous waste section has to be considered as a provisory. The country needs to have at least two hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities, one in the area of Hanoi and one in the area of Ho Chi Minh City. As soon as these facilities are operational the hazardous waste shall be transported to them by the generator (or a contractor). Monitoring well: Monitoring wells are installed downstream the goundwater flow to monitor the ground water quality within the area after the landfill is placed in operation. The location and number of Final Environmental Assessment PART II 7.19 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Odor and fly control: Odor is generated when the landfill is put into operation. Odor can be control by I spraying EM (Effective Microorganism) to the waste. Vectors which can create health hazards and nuisances include flies, mosquitoes, rodents and birds. Flies and rats are most effectively controlled by proper spreading, compaction, and covering of 3 incoming wastes. 3 Maintain proper mufflers on vehicles and operating equipment Vehicle and operation equipment must be maintained regularly to avoid noise and gas. Heavy duty access roads must be surfaced with concrete and asphalt or crushed gravel surfacing. 8 MONITORING AND REPORTING 3 Introduction 3 The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) includes the following contents: The legislative guidelines to define the requirements for the project monitoring. I The proposed environmental monitoring and audit program and the proposed responsibilities for its implementation and management and, I Community-level environmental management proposals (CEMPs). The legislative environmental guidelines l Responsibilities U Responsibility for environmental and resource management issues at a National level are held by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MORNE) the National Environment Agency (NEA). I The Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DORNE), at district or city level, is responsible planning, environmental for implementing environmental legislation, undertaking environmental 3 monitoring, and enforcement action. Environmental Quality Standards I Vietnamese Environmental Quality standards that define discharge and emission criteria for receiving environments are comprehensive.The standards of specific importance to the project relating on drainage and environment include: 3 TCVN 6772:2000: domestic wastewater standards * TCVN 5945-1995. The industrial effluent standards. Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8.20 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tiang * TCVN 6987:2001. Standards for industrial effluents discharged into coastal waters using for water I sports and recreation TCVN 6984-2001. Standards for industrial effluents discharged into rivers (protection of aquatic life). TCVN 5942-1995. Defines surface water quality standard for: a) raw water supply source; and b) general use. * TCVN 5525-1995. General requirements for protection of underground water against pollution from construction activity, storage and transportation of public waste and sewerage as well as industrial and other activities. * TCVN 5524-1995. General requirements for protecting surface water against pollution. It aims at protection of surface water against discharge of untreated domestic, industrial wastewater and any other sources which may pollute surface water. These standards are basically Vietnamese Standards currently promulgated by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Where such standards are not available in Vietnam, typical and suitable guidelines would be adopted from similar countries within the region. Pertinent Vietnamese standards that apply to the proposed project are listed below: Ambienit air quality (TCVN 5937-1995, 5940-1995) Ambient inland surface water quality standards (TCVN 5942-1995) Coastal water quality standards (TCVN 5943-1995) IIndustrial wastewater discharge standards (TCVN 5945-1995) Wastewater (watering) and sludge (fertilizer) reuse standards (TCVN 5298-1995) Groundwater quality standards (TCVN 5944-1995) Motor vehicle noise standards (TCVN 5949-1995) Tlhe environmental monitoring program The main objectives of the Environmental Monitoring and Audit Program are: * to provide a database from which the environmental impacts of the project can be determined; * to provide an early indication whether any failure of environmental control measures or practices in order to achieve the acceptable standards; * to monitor the performance of the project and the effectiveness of mitigation measures; * to assess the environmental impacts predicted in the EIA; * to determine project compliance with regulatory requirements, standards and government policies; * to take remedial action if unexpected problems or unacceptable impacts occur; and * to provide data to enable an environmental audit. Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8.21 l I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (GCESP Nha Trang I The monitoring program would have two phases, a construction phase and an operational phase. The * monitoring program for three components are shown in the Table. U I I I I I I I I I U I I I I U N Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8 22 I. m m m m - m m m - m m m - m m m m- Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Activities Parameter Location Frequency Duration Responsibility Component l: Drainage, flood control and wastewater Construction Phase: Air quality TPM, S02, NOx, H2S, 10-100 m far downwind from the Twice per month The year 1 Contractor of ammonia, noise, vibration, site: during the PMU temperature, humidity, wind construction 1. Le Hong Phong St. direction. 2. Railway crossing (Thai Nguyen St.) 3. Yersin St. 4. Thong Nhat St. 5. Hoang Van Thu St. 6. Lac Long Quan St. 7. Tran Qui Cap St. 8. Son Thuy St. Wastewater and pH, SS, DO, COD. BODs, - At least three wastewater samples Twice a month The year 1 Contractor of surface water TDS, ammonia, nitrite, at outlets (At high tide and PMvU quality nitrate, oil and grease, total - Quan Truong river (one sample low tide) P, total Coliform, Cr, Pb fcr i rztrrm :nri tu/n fr Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8.3 m~~m - m~~m m~~ m m m m m m m m m ,m - m~ Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang and Cu. for upstream and two for downstream) - Canal from Le Hong Phong to Quan Truong River (two samples) - Channel 1 and Channel 2 - Water monitoring stations 1, 3 and 4 Dredged TS, TVS, nitrogen content, - Canal from Le Hong Phong to Once a quarter Contractor of sediment quantity phosphorous content, Cr, Quan Truong River (two samples) PMU Cu and Pb. - Canal 1 and Canal 2 - Da Tuong Pump Station (50-1 00 m far from the outlet of pump station) Operation phase: Air quality TPM, S02, NO,, H2S, At least two among eight proposed 4 times per year The year 1 - 4 URENCO ammonia noise, locations temperature, humidity. Wastewater and - Similar to construction phase 4 times per year The year 1 - 4 URENCO surface water quality Sediment - Canal from Le Hong Phong to Once a quarter The year 1 - 4 URENCO Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8.4 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang quantity Quan Truong River (two samples) - Canal 1 and Canal 2 - Da Tuong Pump Station (50-1 00 m far from the outlet of pump station) Component Il: Solid waste management Construction Phase: Air quality TPM, SO2, NOx, H2S, At leat two locations inside the sites Twice per month The year 1 Contractor of ammonia noise, (Ru-ri dumpsite and Luong Hoa during the PMU temperature, humidity, wind landfill) and two locations outside construction direction. the sites (100 m far downwind from the sites) Surface water TPM, S02, NOx, H2S, One sample for 15-20 m upstream Monthly The year 1 Contractor of quality ammonia noise, from the landfill site PMU temperature, humidity. One for 15-20 m downstream of the receiving creek. One for coastal zone at interception between creek and East Sea Underground pH, SS, COD, BODs, TDS, At least two monitoring wells (for Monthly The year 1 Contractor of water quality ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, shallow aquifer and medium PNIU Final Environmental Assessment PART 11 8.5 m m m - m m m m m m m m m m - m m m m Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang water quality total P, total Coliform, Cr, aquifer) inside the sites and PMU Pb and Cu, iron, hardness. Two monitoring wells outside the sites Operation phase: Air quality TPM, SO 2 , NO., H2S, Similar to the construction phase Once a quarter The year 1 - 4 URENCO ammonia noise, temperature, humidity. Leachate and Flowrate, pH, SS, COD, One sample for 15-20 m upstream Once for 2 The year 1 - 4 URENCO surface water BOD5, TDS, ammonia, from the landfill site months quality nitrite, nitrate, total P, total One for 15-20 m downstream of the Coliform, Cr, Pb and Cu. receiving creek. One for coastal zone at interception between creek and East Sea One for collection well One sample for 15-20 m upstream quarterly from the Ru ri dumpsite One for 15-20 m downstream of the receiving creek from the Ru ri dumpsite Underground pH, SS, COD, BOD 5, TDS, 4 locations in each landfill and Ru Twice per year The year 1 - 4 URENCO water quality ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, Ri dumpsite total P, total Coliform, Cr, Final Environmental Assessment PART i1 8.6 m m m m m m m m m - m m m m m m m m Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Pb and Cu, iron, hardness. One for upstream monitoring well Three for downstream monitoring wells (the depth of the well: 10-20 m) Component IIl: Resettlement The construction phase: Air quality TPM, S02, NOx, H2S, 50-100 m far downwind from the Monthly The year 1 Contractor of ammonia, noise, vibration, site PMU temperature, humidity, wind direction. Water surface Flowrate, pH, SS, COD, Downstream and ustream of the Twice per year The year 1 - 4 quality BODs, TDS, ammonia, nearest canal/river that receives the nitrite, nitrate, total P and discharge from the resettlement total Coliform area. The operation phase: Air quality TPM, S02, NOx, H2S, 50-100 m far downwind from the Twice per year The year 1 - 4 ammonia, noise, vibration, site temperature, humidity, wind direction. Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8.7 m - - - m m m m m m m - - m - - m m m - Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Water surface Flowrate, pH, SS, COD, Downstream and ustream of the Twice per year The year 1 - 4 Housing quality BOD5, TDS, ammonia, nearest canal/river that receives the management unit nitrite, nitrate, total P and discharge from the resettlement total Coliform area. Life quality Questionaire survey on At least 10% househoids to be Every year The year 1 - 4 Housing jobs, incomes, water supply inteviewed, public health data management unit quality, sanitation and collection from health care centers electricity supply and service quality Final Environmental Assessment PART 11 8.8 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitatiorn Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Environmental monitoring will be done during construction at the following four (4) levels: . Monitoring of project performance indicators; & Monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures done by the Contractor; . Community based monitoring; and * Overall regulatory monitoring of the project. 8.1 Project Performance Indicators A set of monitoring indicators is developed in order to assess the implementation in various project stages. These monitoring indicators are representative for characteristics of project activities and are feasible for collecting and analyzing based on the experiece gained from smilar Bank-funded environmental sanitation projects in Vietnam. These performance monitoring indicators will be set based on the final EA report, EMP and Project Appraisal Document (PAD) as well as the findings and recommendations of the Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant to be appointed under the project. Combined with other qualitative and quantitative parameters of project performance, these indicators will be used as a tool for impact / benefit evaluation and analysis at various project stages and will be presented in reports of the PMU and ISM Consultant. The PMU will prepare to the Bank bi- annual performance monitoring reports, which will detail project progress with respect to agreed targets, including the agreed environmental project performance indicators on the following: * Contractor compliance to impact mitigation measures and standard operating procedures (SOPs) * Health indicators * Flooding situation . Wastewater and sanitation environment * Community stakeholder participation 8.2 Monitoring Implementation of Mitigation Measures Monitoring duties of the Contractor, Construction Management Consultant (CMC) and Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant will be specified in their respective TORs and Contract Documents, which are subject to Bank reviews and approval. Each of these parties will be responsible for submitting monthly progress reports which will provide specific sections on environmental issues, actions and monitoring results to date. Based on these monthly reports and site visit / meeting results, the PMU will be responsible for preparing and submitting quarterly reports to the PPC, DONRE and the Bank, summarizing key environmental management and mitigation issues, results and actions to be taken. The PMU reports will include the following: . List of priorities identified in last monitoring report * Status of progress which the contractor has made to solve the problems . List of issues which have not been adequately resolved and give recommendations how to solve the problems and explain force majeure Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8.9 lIj Coastal Cities Environmenltal Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I The ISM Consultant will provide needed technical assistance and guidance to each PMU and CMC to support their roles in monitoring implementation of required mitigation and reporting measures, | including quantities of dredged and transported sludge materials, number of loads, type of transport, measures to keep streets clean, fencing etc. I 8.3 Community Based Monitoring I Based on the experience gained in implementing the World bank-funded Ho Chi Minh Environmental Sanitation Project, the ISM Consultant will play a lead role in organizing local community stakeholders to participate in monitoring tertiary and household connection levels of sub-project implementation. Within each of these areas (wards), the local stakeholders, residents and bus,nesses will be provided an orientation and invited to actively participate in monitoring key environmental parameters; such as water supply quality, drainage, dust, noise, air pollution and public safety. The communities would also be trained to notice the indicators and risks of environmental pollution during both project constructioln and operation. Based on previous experience, such monitoring can be a very important project aspect especially during the operation when the communities continue their weekly and monthly monitoring. 8.4 Overall Regulatory Monitoring During the operation the related components, the ISM consultant will be responsible for establishing the established air, water and sediment quality monitoring and reporting program in cooperation withi tite DONRE and the Bank. 8.5 Summary of Proposed Environmental Monitoring Measures A summary of proposed environmental monitoring measures and responsibilities to be applied during project implementation are summarized in Table II - 8.1. Table if - 8.1 Summary of Proposed Environmental Measures and Parameters Performance Indicator to be Frequency Locatrion Responsibility Monitored Health indicators Twice per year Nha Trang City PMU and related agencies Percentage of collected solid waste Twice per year Nha Trang City PMU anid related agencies__ Water quality: BOD 5. COD, SS, coliform, Twice per year Quan Truong total nitrogen, total phosphate, oil & River, outlet ISM with grease (3 sampling points) and channel assistance of Sediment quality monitoring: Pb, Cu, Fe, Twice per year Canal from Le Hong Environmental (2sampling points) Phong to Quan Laboratory Truong River, Canal 1 and 2 Air quality and noise monitoring: SO2 , In response to complaints Along roads with CO, NOx, TSP, noise (3sampling points) excavations, landfill I | Monitoring implementation of mitigation measures during construction Monthly ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~& resettlement area CMC guidance under ISM Community based monitoring of teriary Weekly / monthly Communities and household connection sub-project representatives levels Final Environmental Assessment PART II 8.10 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tiang 9 PROJECT ORGANIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING The proposed organization and relationship of the project's environmental management, mitigation and reporting roles and responsibilities is presented in Figure II - 9.1. Detail functions, missions and roles of concerning stakeholders in this system are described in the following sections. 3 Figure 11 - 9.9.1 Project Organizational for Environmental Management and Monitoring Project Management WB, DONRE and other Unit (PMU) authorities Ward People's | -*r Committee, social organizatioiis I_ Contractors (self mitigation Comrience CMC \o, monitorirCmmniy measures) monitoring t l representatives oPLiblic ' -I consultation I Conutn ConXulting Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) 9.1 Project Management Unit (PMU) The PMU has the overall responsibility to implement and monitor the EMP. Assisted by the ISM and CMC consultants, the PMU will monitor implementation of mitigation measures during the constrctor's 3 construction works. The PMU will closely intergrate project implementation and monitoring with local People's Committtee (PC) to promote the participation and support of the community during the project planning, implementation and operation stages. The PMU is also responsible for reporting EMP | implementation to the Bank and DONRE based on thier field observations, meeting results and montlhly progress reports provided by the contractors, CMC / ISM consultants and community based monitors. The environmental monitoring tasks of the PMU will include: Final Environmental Assessment PART II 9.1 I I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang * . Ensuring that all EMP articles related to construction activities are included and detailed in the I Bidding / Contract Documents. . Selecting and supporting the role of the ISM Consultants to design and implement the environmental monitoring program as an integrated part of prroject implementation. | . Monitoring implementation of contracts of selected consultants in accordance with environmental mitigation and monitoring aspects of their TORs. * . Reviewing the contractor's proposed mobilization and work plans plans for possible impacts and conducting unscheduled and frequent checking of the contractors' on-site measures of I environmental impact mitigation. . Ensuring all construction monitoring consultants and public consultation experts who are assigned to support the environmental monitoring activities complete their responsibilities in 3 accordance with their approved TOR. * Appointing and support qualified Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultants to | implement the monitoring services for establishing and measuring performance monitoring parameters and reporting requirements of the PMU. 9.2 Community Representatives At the sub-project's tertiary and household connection levels, community representatives will be 3 encouraged to participate in monitoring the environmental sanitation conditions in their community through their representatives to the PMU and local executive offices (PCs of wards, communes and 3 district).Direct community involvement will take part prior to and during construction to support implementation monitoring of required impact mitigation measures and other assisting to address related community issues. These community-based monitoring measures wil be supported by the project's ISM Consultant and will be involved in the following local monitoring measures: Participating in training courses to improve environment monitoring competence, to be I . * developed and launched in the coordination of professional offices such as the DONRE and concerned stateholders and then will be lecturers at communities. 3 . Directly carrying out environmental monitoring and specific monitoring methodologies to be developed in coodination with the ISM Consultant. | . Gathering needed baseline information to measure impact / benefits of project mplementation. Preparing and submitting weekly monitoring reports to the PMU and concerned PCs. 1 * . Recommending any needed adjustments in project plans and schedules to help minimize and mitigate local environmental impacts and project disturbances to the community. 3 * Support the dissemination of project information, communications and awareness programs at the community level and provide feed-back on any community complaints or grievances to | support needed mitigation measures for project-related environmental impacts. 9.3 Construction Management Consultant (CMC) The main tasks of CMC are monitoring basic construction practices and procedures, including Standfard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for mitigating environmental impacts as described in the draft Final Environmental Assessment PART 11 9.2 l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang EA These tasks will be stipulated in detail in the TOR for the CMC and contract with the PMU, both of which are subject to Bank reviews for issuance of a No Objection Letter (NOL). Under the guidance of the PMU, the main environmental tasks of the CMC will include but not be limited to: * Coordinating and supporting the ISM Consultant in establishing, gathering and providing of | required on-site environmental monitoring and construction implementation information. * Ensuring that all construction work are carried out in full accordance with the approved EMP and related contract specifications for mitigating and monitoring environmental impacts. * Monitoring the implementation of the contractor's impact mitigation methods and provided any needed recommendations to improve these mitigation measures to satisfy project safeguard requirements for environmental management. | . Establishing needed contingency action plans for quickly and effectively responding to any environmental problems, emergencies and/or damages that may occur during construction. | Recommending to the PMU the suspension of any and all construction works which do meet the agreed I contractual requirements for environmental management and public safety. . Conducting coordination meetings with concerned stakeholders to provide needed project information, implementation schedules and work plans to enhance local awareness and to identify any community problems and solutions prior to implementing the constrLiction works. 3 9.4 Independent Safeguards Monitoring (ISM) Consultant The ISM Consultant will be responsible for detailed design of the safeguards monitoring program in accordance with regulatory and procedural requirements of the GoV and the Bank. Following reviews and approval of the safeguards monitoring plan, the ISM Consultant will be responsible for monitoring overall project implementation activities and ensuring that agreed environmental safeguard policies oif I the GoV and the Bank are applied and monitored through the following responsibilities: . Ensuring that the approved EMP and all project loan agreements related to environmental 3 safeguards are fully applied and complied during project implementation. * Ensuring that mitigation measures are established as required for all project implementation aspects within the project's organization for environmental management system, including: | - Establishing and implementing environmental mitigation and monitoring measures and tasks for the PMU, including estimates of budget and/or stafing requirements. | - Assessing the effectiveness of the contractor's and CMC mitigation measures to be 3 provided in their proposed mobilization / work plans and recommended to the PMU any needed improvements or modifcations to meet the safeguard requirements. - Specifying to the PMU any situations that may require further detailed studies and/or local consultations to determine possible impact issues and corresponding mitigation measures. 5 Establishing standard procedures, methods and forms to assist the PMU and CMC to assess contractors' progress in implementing required impact mitigation and monitoring measures. Final Environmental Assessment PART 11 9.3 11 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Ntia Trang I Assisting the PMU and its' environmental mitigation and monitoring specialist to review and check detailed designs and related sections of the Contract Documents to ensure compliance I with environmental safeguards and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements. Identifying and establishing needed baseline environmental and community monitoring data in cordination with local stakeholders (DONRE) and community representatives to support monitoring of the project's agreed performance indicators. I * Through the guidance of the PMU, establish and maintain close project coordination with tle CMC to ensure that related environmental regulations, mitigation and monitoring measures and | methods are clearly understood and integrated into the CMC work plan and reporting proceudres, ncluding appropriate criteria and procedures for recommending suspension of construction work when and where contractor's do not comply with agreed environmenital I safeguard requirements. . * Assist the CMC to prepare and to apply if required contingency action plans for any * environmental damages or problems that may arise during construction. * In coordination with the PMU and CMC, assist and guide contractors in: | - Addressing any issues or grievances that may arise related to environmental impacts and 3 provide appropriate recommendations ofmitigation measures. - Gathering needed environmental information and assessing any special problems or difficulties that may arisie during construction. 1 . Providing needed support and assistance to community representatives for community-based monitoring of teriary and household connection levels of sub-project implementation. | . Assisting the PMU to establish and maintain the project's organization for environmental management, monitoring and reporting system in close cordination with concerned agencies and local communnities. 1 . Support the PMU in conducting frequent on-site environmental monitoring surveys and coordination meetings with community representatives during the construction works. J . Provide general environmental guidance as requested by the PMU to enhance overall project implementation and performance. I 1 l 3 l U ~~Final Environmental Assessment PART 11 9.4 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 10 CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING 10.1 Environmental Training * Needed training on how to implement effective environmental monitoring, mitigation and reporting measures and systems will be provided to key stakeholders based on the actual project needs, roles I and responsibilities: 3 PMU: Person(s) in charge of environmental issues will be trained to supervise environmental monitor-ing and reporting, in accordance with the Bank's safeguards policies and GoV requirements. 3 Contractors: will be trained how to identify and mitigation potential impacts, including requirements and SOPs specified in their Contract Documents, how to monitor implementation of mitigation measures and how to complete monitoring reports Workers: will be trained how to apply th; SOPb and related EMP measures to mitigate potential environmental and public safety impacts during construction and how to respond to emergency situations to minimize environmental risks. Community representatives: will be trained on how to participate in on-site, community-based impact 3 observing and monitoring during planning, construction and operation of sub-project components. Proposed training activities will focus on agreed monitoring measures to be observed and reported by community members, including dust, noise, tidiness of streets, frequency / duration of flooding and sanitary condition of solid waste transfer stations and public toilets. A summary of proposed environmental training programs and recommended training participants is summarized in Table 11-10. 1. Table II - 10.1 Environmental Training Program PMU Course Environmental monitoring and reporting Participants person(s) in charge of environmental issues and related persons to J environmental management Frequency of training Once at the beginning of the project, updating during the implementation according to the needs Duration and type One day lecture Content * Overall environmental management related to the project including requirements of the WB and DONRE, co-operation with related authorities and responsibilities * . Environmental monitoring of the project including structure, content, reporting, time schedules and responsibilities of the monitoring: I o project performance indicators o monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures o community based monitoring o overall regulatory monitoring I Responsibility * Guidance and supervision of the contractors and community representatives how to implement environmental monitoring the World Bank, DONRE, PMU, ISM I Course Participants Contractors Implementation of mitigation measures Representatives of main contractors in charge of the reporting to PMU Frequency of training Once in the beginning of the assignment of each contractor, updating Final Environmental Assessment PART II 10.1 I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang * according to the needs, estimated number of contractors about 10 Duration and type 2 days lecture to the main contractors, submission of the examples of monthlly I Content environmental monitoring reports a Briefing of overall environmental monitoring * Monitoring duties of the contractor according to the contract documents . Monthly mitigation monitoring reports: content, what and how to monitor, how to fill the reports, submission of the reports, responsibilities . Environmental part of the quarterly reports: implementation of mitigation measures, identified problems and solving of the problems Responsibility PMU with the assistance of the World Bank Hanoi office I Course Workers Safety and environmental sanitation Representatives of workers (group leaders) who work directly working in the I Participants Frequency of training project components One the beginning of the construction work, updating during the implementation according to the needs I Duration and type Content One day lecture and one day on-site presentation . Briefing of overall safety and environmental issues . Duties of the workers * Safety and environmental sanitation management on the works J . Mitigation measures to apply on the works I . Safety measures on electricity, mechanic, transportation, air pollution . How to respond with the emergency cases Responsibility PMU with assistance of the ISM Consultant Community Representatives Course On-site observing and monitoring * Participants Team leaders of catchment drainage area Frequency of training Once before the beginning of the construction I Duration and type Content One day lecture and one day on-site presentation . Briefing of overall environmental monitoring * Duties of the communities I | . Content and type of observation during construction: water supply, drainage, dredging, roads, solid waste, dust, noise * Content and type of observation during operation: water supply, drainage, dredging, roads, solid waste, dust, noise I * How to make and record on-site observations, examples on-site . Monthly mitigation monitoring reports: content, what and how to monitor, how to fill the reports, submission of the reports, responsibilities I * Environmental risks during construction and operation . Receiving, collection and reporting of complains from the residents * Reporting to PMU Responsibility PMU with the assistance of the ISM and World Bank Hanoi office l l l 1 Final Environmental Assessment PART II 10.2 Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I ,, _ .-.. . , . . , _ ,._ , _ ._ , . _ _ _ _ _ 11 BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, MITIGATION AND | MONITORING A summary of the proposed budgets for recommended environmental management, mitigation and monitoring measures is presented in Table II - 11.1, which provides the proposed budgets for each of following key EMP implementation activities: I * Environmental training . * Independent safeguards monitoring (ISM) . * Environmental monitoring by the Construction Management Consultant (CMC) |* EMP administration and management responsibilities of the PMU Table 11 - 11.1 Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD) I 1 Description Implementation of Mitigation Proposed Budget Costs included in construction contracts Source of Budget Loan proceeds Measures 2 Environmental Training of 17,000 Loan proceeds PMUs, communities etc. 3 Independent Safeguards 23,000 Loan proceeds Monitoring (ISM) 4 Environmental Monitoring by Costs included in Supervision Contract Loan proceeds | ~~CMC 5 EMP Administration & Costs included in PMU operating costs GoV counterpart Management by PMU I Total 40,000 Note: Proposed budget costs exclude VAT, contingency and escalation costs. l l l l I I | ~~~Final Environmental Assessment PART II 11.1 l I R I . I I > l I W9r ANNEX 1: --- *1. 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 List of 9fJ..'. 'L EA Preparers X*;a g w* and References References I A I.' I I . U l I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 3 LIST OF EA PREPARERS 3 Environmental/ Social Impact Specialists: * Mr. Michael Ross, Environmental Specialist 1 * Mr. Nguyen Phuoc Dan, Environmental Specialist * Mr. Pham Quang Phuc, Environmental Specialist * Mr. Nguyen Minh Son, Hydraulic Modeling Expert 3 * Ms. Vu Thi Thu Huong, Environmental Specialist * Ms. Vo Phuong Tram, Environmental Specialist I * Ms. Delfa Uy, Socio-Economic/ Resettlement Specialist * Ms. Hoang Hoa, Sociologist * Ms. Nguyen Thi Hong Hai, Sociologist * Ms. Tran Thi Mo, Sociologist 3 Technical Experts: * Mr. Robert Binger, Team Leader CCESP International Consultants 1 * James Flood, Wastewater Management Expert * Mr. Jurgen Orlich, Solid Waste Management Expert LIST OF REFERENCES * Adjusted City General Master Plan to the year 2020 | * Central Region Transport Networks Sector Project in the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam - Summary Initial Environmental Examination, 2005 I * Draft report on Khanh Hoa Provincial Socio-economic Development Master Plan to 2020 prepared by Khanh Hoa Planning and Investment Service in 10/2004. 3 * Draft Feasibility Study of Landfill Site, CCESP International Consultants, 2005 * Environmental Guidelines, CCESP International Consultants, 2005 * Environmental Screening Report, CCESP International Consultants, 2005 * Environmental Report, Ha Long City and Cam Pha town Drainage and Sanitation Project - Phase 2, 2005 3 * Environmental Report of Khanh Hoa Province, 2004 * Feasibility Study on Nha Trang City Drainage And Wastewater Treatment System Project Prepared by I Water Supply and Sewerage Consulting Company No.2 in 2002 * Feasibility Study on Nha Trang City Solid Waste Management Project prepared by Vietnam Urban and Industrial Consulting Company in 1999 I * Final Report on Establishment of a Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation System (PM&E) with the communities in Diep Son and Ninh Tan villages, 2005. * Inception Report, CCESP International Consultants, 2005 | * Planning and Upgrading of Urban Lane Network Program for Nha Trang City to 2005. * Project on Rectification of Lower Section of the Tac River and Quan Truong River l Final Environmental Assessment Annex 1 - 1 Annex 1: List of EA Preparers and References Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I Pre-feasibility Study Report for Nha Trang CCESP Sub-Project prepared by VIWASE, 2005 I * Report on Solid Waste Management Mission of the World Bank to Nha Trang, 2004 * Results of the September - October 2005 Socio-Economic Survey of Nha Trang Sub-project Areas by National Consultant * Review of Pre-Feasibility Study, CCESP International Consultants, 2005 * Resettlement Plan, Nha Trang CCESP Sub-Project Phase 1, 2005. I * Ho Chi Minh City Environmental Sanitation (Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe Basin) Project - Project Appraisal Document on A Proposed Credit, 2001. * Ho Chi Minh City Environmental Improvement Project - Summary initial Environmental Examination, 2003 * Khanh Hoa Statistical Yearbook 2003. * Workshop minutes- Final Report of Pre-Feasibility Study prepared by National Consultant, Feb. 2005. * Salt Prevention Dam on Cai River of Nha Trang City Project Study 3 * Solid Waste - Viet Nam Environment Monitor, 2004 * The Planning for Western Urban Area of Nha Trang City * Urban Upgrading, Embankment and Road along Cai River of Nha Trang City Project Study. * Kelderman, P., W.M.E. Drossaert, Zhang Min, L.C. Okonkwo and l.A. Clarisse, 1999. Pollution assessment of the canal sediment in Delft (The Netherlands); Water Reseach, in press * Camano, W., P. Roeters &T. Vellinga., 1998. Contaiminated sediments. Wat. Sci.technol. 37(6-7), 453 1. pp. * Kelderman, P., 2001. Environmental Chemistry with special emphasis on Aquatic Sediment; IHE Delft, in | press. * Pham Ngoc Dang, 1997, Air Environmental Pollution, Science and Technological Publish I * Elexander P.E , Assessment of Sources of of Air, Water, and Land Pollution- Part One. Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993 3 * Elexander P.E , Assessment of Sources of of Air, Water, and Land Pollution- Part two: Approaches for Consideration in Formulating Environmental Control Stratagies, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993 l l l l Final Environmental Assessment Annex 1 - 2 Annex 1: List of EA Preparers and References 1 I K" - ~ ~ ' - -- I _ ,r5- ', _ * >A d ANNEX 2: k6:A' *~~*1 I '- .'-sn s IN Baseline Data and [ lSa ~~~Hydraulic Modelling Results I \; ____ r dP I I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 3 ANNEX 2.1. Air and Water Quality Baseline Data for Nha Trang City (2000 - 2004) provided by 3 the Khanh Hoa Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) Table 2.1 Air Quality 3 3 3 Location Date Noise (dBA) Dust (mg/m3) NO2 mg/rn SO2 mg/m HC mg/m Dong De 03/2000 62.0-77.0 0.83 x x 1.38 06/2000 67.0-79.0 0.83 x x 0.34 09/2000 72.0-79.0 1.67 x x 0.08 11/2000 58.0-84.0 1.67 x x 2.32 | 02/2001 51.0-77.0 0.50 0.003 0.025 4.50 05/2001 73.8-85.6 0.63 0.005 0.025 10.20 I 08/2001 80.8-86.4 0.50 0.005 0.035 10.20 11/2001 73.2-90.7 0.38 0.007 0.050 5.40 02/2002 76.0-86.8 0.63 0.006 0.040 3.30 05/2002 72.3-83.3 0.63 0.006 0.040 2.60 08/2002 70.7-84.4 0.63 0.005 0.050 1.70 3 11/2002 73.1-90.4 0.50 0.006 0.050 7.20 02/2003 79.2-95.9 0.62 0.005 0.050 1.70 05/2003 74.9-100.8 0.75 0.005 0.050 3.60 3 08/2003 69.9-82.1 0.87 0.004 0.040 3.90 11/2003 76.1-97.5 0.50 0.004 0.050 4.50 02/2004 73.6-94.0 1.00 0.005 0.060 8.70 I 05/2004 74.5-86.3 1.37 0.004 0.050 9.80 08/2004 73.2-91.0 1.12 0.004 0.070 7.30 11/2004 73.5-91.0 1.00 0.006 0.070 7.30 Lien Co area 03/2000 54.0-71.0 0.83 x x 0.60 * 06/2000 62.0-73.0 0.83 x x 0.78 09/2000 59.0-69.0 1.23 x x 0.40 11/2000 49.0-72.0 0.83 x x 1.60 02/2001 46.0-60.0 0.38 0.004 0.025 3.40 3 05/2001 65.6-90.5 0.50 0.005 0.035 8.80 08/2001 71.2-95.3 0.38 0.006 0.045 10.40 11/2001 71.3-86.3 0.25 0.001 0.060 12.50 1 02/2002 60.5-78.2 0.38 0.005 0.040 1.60 05/2002 62.8-76.4 0.50 0.004 0.040 1.90 08/2002 62.8-76.4 0.63 0.006 0.040 2.00 I 11/2002 62.5-80.9 0.50 0.004 0.050 7.20 02/2003 64.0-81.0 0.62 0.006 0.030 1.50 05/2003 68.7-90.6 0.05 0.004 0.050 3.40 I 08/2003 65.1-94.5 0.62 0.005 0.050 4.O0 11/2003 64.4-81.3 0.50 0.005 0.060 5.70 02/2004 63.8-73.4 0.87 0.003 0.050 11.30 05/2004 64.0-81.8 0.75 0.002 0.070 9.90 08/2004 70.1-86.7 0.62 0.004 0.060 11.40 11/2004 61.7-64.8 0.62 0.004 0.030 5.10 03/2000 61.0-73.0 1.23 x - x 0.90 Annex 2 - 2 3 Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 03/2000 61.0-73.0 1.23 x x 0.90 00/2000 68.0-80.0 1.BZ x x 0.28 11/2000 65.0-75.0 1.23 x x 2.66 02/2001 56.0-75.0 0.63 0.004 0.040 4.40 05/2001 72.9-91.7 0.50 0.005 0.030 8.90 08/2001 81.4-93.0 0.75 0.006 0.020 9.20 11/2001 73.2-95.2 0.25 0.008 0.045 5.10 02/2002 69.9-75.8 0.38 0.006 0.040 2.50 05/2002 75.3-84.7 0.38 0.005 0.040 1.70 I. 08/2002 11/2002 02/2003 69.3-81.7 72.0-89.5 75.2-101.6 0.63 0.50 0.87 0.004 0.005 0.009 0.040 0.030 0.060 1.20 4.20 1.82 05/2003 73.2-98.9 1.00 0.007 0.030 2.10 * 08/2003 76.6-88.7 1.00 0.004 0.070 4.20 11/2003 73.6-81.5 0.62 0.003 0.060 3.50 02/2004 78.9-97.3 1.12 0.004 0.060 8.50 05/2004 73.3-83.3 1.00 0.003 0.070 5.80 08/2004 72.7-84.9 1.25 0.005 0.050 6.70 1 11/2004 72.5-84.5 0.87 0.009 0.090 12.20 3 Note: x: the value < 0.001 l l l l I I I I l Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 3 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Table 2.2 Water Quality Location Date pH TSS DO BOD NO3- Zn Cu As HC pg/l Coliform 3 War mnemorial 03/2000 06/2000 8.06 8.10 mg/i 26.0 18.0 mg/l 7.13 6.83 mg/I 1.24 2.69 pg/l - - pg/l 26.8 13.5 pg/l 3.50 3.2 pg/l 6.30 2.60 167.0 542.0 MPN/100ml 932x103 1x104 I 09/2000 11/2000 02/2001 8.16 8.05 8.11 26.0 24.0 29.2 6.80 6.49 6.84 1.44 1.66 4.58 - - - 17.0 21.1 21.1 1.30 1.90 2.00 3.80 2.20 - 448.0 272.0 369.0 165x102 16x10 4 61 05/2001 8.02 .16.5 6.24 1.36 - 15.4 1.70 1.50 468.0 4,132x104 * 08/2001 7.90 11.0 5.94 1.89 - 18.5 3.50 3.00 - 86x10- 11/2001 7.97 33.0 6.05 1.66 - 21.4 1.80 2.00 - 8xlO0 02/2002 7.80 57.1 6.55 2.67 - 15.9 2.90 2.00 411.0 402xl'0 05/2002 8.01 36.3 6.09 0.85 - 16.9 1.60 2.00 414.0 227xlO- 1 08/2002 11/2002 02/2003 8.21 7.60 8.03 36.1 16.7 17.8 6.66 5.68 6.68 0.59 2.00 1.30 - - - 23.3 19.7 19.7 2.20 2.20 2.30 2.10 2.00 2.40 340.0 350.0 443.7 2xI0- 2x105 24x10' I 05/2003 08/2003 11/2003 8.10 8.16 8.06 22.5 24.6 44.2 5.08 5.90 6.23 0.92 0.51 1.33 - - - 19.1 12.1 15.8 3.50 2.20 2.90 2.97 2.80 4.56 341.3 506.8 374.2 186x102 206x108 734x10 2 U 02/2004 05/2004 08/2004 8.15 8.11 8.06 48.5 45.7 30.0 6.23 6.26 6.25 1.86 3.52 1.30 - - - 12.8 29.6 11.4 2.70 3.40 1.69 2.40 3.90 2.70 546.0 625.0 377.0 14x10 2 101X102 8X102 11/2004 8.15 53.9 6.50 1.86 - 18.9 3.10 3.00 403.0 53x103 * Binh Tan 03/2000 7.80 20.0 4.74 1.76 - 8.8 2.80 5.60 235.0 12x105 3 Bridge 06/2000 09/2000 11/2000 8.02 7.85 7.65 37.0 40.0 118.0 7.20 5.86 4.73 4.56 3.80 2.14 - - - 4.9 6.3 32.9 2.10 1.30 3.30 2.40 6.70 4.60 517.0 203.0 442.0 15x103 41x10' 72x10 4 3 02/2001 05/2001 08/2001 8.02 7.88 8.12 23.6 13.0 20.0 6.66 4.48 5.14 5.08 3.86 3.85 125 203 47 - - - - - - - - - - - - 105x10 3 215x103 52 3 11/2001 02/2002 05/2002 7.00 7.65 7.70 34.0 56.0 49.6 6.46 4.16 6.60 4.21 3.00 4.92 145 149 151 15.4 21.4 - 3.40 2.80 - 2.80 4.30 - 476.0 471.0 - 105x10' 287x10 2 548X10 2 U 08/2002 11/2002 8.05 7.80 29.0 32.0 7.55 7.04 7.19 6.96 159 125 23.5 29.3 2.50 4.10 3.70 3.30 208.0 455.0 837x10 2 552x10 4 5 02/2003 05/2003 08/2003 8.05 8.02 7.98 28.8 56.6 66.7 7.04 4.00 5.41 3.60 1.37 5.31 170 201 175 14.2 25.4 13.5 1.70 5.40 2.40 3.30 3.32 4.70 578.2 445.2 419.6 85x10 3 461x10 3 102x103 3 11/2003 02/2004 05/2004 7.74 8.12 7.85 64.3 62.7 60.0 4.81 5.78 6.22 3.83 4.69 5.13 1069 91 89 11.7 24.2 23.1 1.80 4.40 3.30 3.79 5.60 4.60 620.7 433.0 414.0 115x10 3 103x103 56x10 3 3 Sat Bridge 08/2004 11/2004 03/2000 7.94 7.90 6.97 37.9 85.7 26.0 5.98 4.81 7.32 5.98 3.71 1.48 108 113 67 23.7 20.2 9.3 5.90 2.20 1.60 3.50 4.00 1.70 436.0 493.0 134.0 79x104 195X10 2 55x10 4 I 06/2000 09/2000 7.05 7.15 7.40 115.0 30.0 48.0 6.89 6.60 5.74 2.10 1.95 0.79 142 159 227 12.3 11.6 21.1 5.00 1.60 1.40 3.10 3.80 4.90 347.0 333.0 307.0 67x10 4 189x10' 213x10 4 l 11/2000 31 Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 4 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results l Nha Trang Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) 02/2001 7.02 16.5 6.91 1.34 196 15.5 2.00 2.10 570.0 3xl02 05/2001 6.65 12.1 6.63 G.97 136 13.2 3.00 3.90 347.0 41x1O3 08/2001 7.51 14.0 5.35 1.06 105 13.2 2.20 3.30 369.0 134xl0O 11/2001 7.05 45.0 7.25 0.80 150 33.9 3.10 3.10 374.0 22x 10 2 02/2002 6.95 46.7 6.20 3.08 162 22.2 1.80 3.00 470.0 2,675x10 2 05/2002 7.75 39.0 4.50 2.85 128 22.3 2.10 4.10 304.0 2,553x10 08/2002 6.84 22.0 6.70 2.67 103 17.8 4.80 3.90 310.0 4x103 11/2002 7.02 25.0 5.60 0.58 91 23.8 1.60 3.70 243.0 4x10) 02/2003 6.98 30.0 6.96 2.30 210 13.4 2.00 3.70 544.2 45xI02 05/2003 7.56 38.8 4.32 1.95 174 29.8 2.70 2.80 578.2 749x10J 08/2003 7.65 19.6 6.72 1.62 117 12.4 1.40 3.30 570.5 191x104 4 11/2003 8.03 46.3 6.45 2.11 118 20.3 3.70 5.06 650.7 396x10 3 02/2004 8.02 49.1 6.08 1.89 92 28.8 2.60 3.80 514.0 71x10 05/2004 7.50 58.6 5.63 3.51 69 25.5 4.00 3.60 524.0 242x10 2 08/2004 7.80 31.7 6.60 2.10 72 12.2 1.10 2.80 379.0 191x102 2 11/2004 7.32 17.6 7.66 4.24 89 14.2 1.60 3.60 444.0 78x10 3 Thanh Minh 03/2000 7.16 18.0 7.30 1.07 57 7.1 3.60 4.50 333.0 224x10 06/2000 7.01 43.0 7.20 0.85 94 15.6 3.10 2.20 379.0 106xlO1 09/2000 7.07 81.0 4.92 3.42 112 5.1 2.20 6.90 235.0 1,713x103 4 11/2000 7.05 28.0 7.01 1.31 214 5.5 0.70 3.00 347.0 15x10 02/2001 6.95 22.3 7.60 1.6i 142 15.9 2.30 2.30 811.0 157 4 05/2001 7.10 40.5 6.64 3.64 202 19.6 3.50 2.90 248.0 23x10 08/2001 7.10 29.0 6.73 3.88 154 17.6 3.10 3.30 278.0 315X102 2 11/2001 7.01 62.0 6.93 2.05 166 68.9 4.20 4.80 417.0 353x10 02/2002 7.20 24.3 5.60 2.60 127 17.9 1.90 3.10 557.0 225x10 2 3 05/2002 7.45 50.6 6.30 3.69 166 14.7 3.10 4.00 280.0 515x10 2 08/2002 7.02 19.0 7.47 0.80 78 29.0 3.60 3.60 379.0 1X10 11/2002 7.05 20.0 6.80 0.81 68 13.2 1.40 3.50 420.0 23x10 4 3 02/2003 7.01 30.9 7.60 2.50 150 24.1 2.20 4.10 494.6 44x10 05/2003 7.45 63.1 5.46 1.61 149 17.6 4.30 3.56 413.8 57x10 4 3 08/2003 7.03 24.0 6.89 0.94 114 17.2 2.00 3.90 704.2 64x10 3 11/2003 7.12 38.3 6.44 1.19 114 14.6 1.70 6.84 766.7 353x10 02/2004 7.13 47.0 6.88 1.51 74 12.9 1.50 5.40 483.0 258X10 2 3 05/2004 7.50 31.4 6.55 2.07 63 24.4 3.60 2.90 442.0 429x10 4 08/2004 7.66 100.0 - 1.71 484 20.7 3.20 3.10 408.0 287x10 11/2004 7.45 32.8 6.50 1.41 72 23.3 2.10 3.00 467.0 468x102 I l I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ANNEX 2.2 Copies of CCESP Water Quality Testing Results Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 5 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Summary of CCESP Water Quality Sampling Results: Nha Trang Subproject Sampling Date BOD 5 COD DO SS NH3 NH3- NH2 Coliform Site mg/l mg/l mg/I mg/l mg/l mg/I mg/I MPN/100ml N 1 Dec. 13, 2005 6.0 20.0 9.3 . 94.0 1.26 0.65 0.28 14.0 x 10' * Dec. 28, 2005 3.0 30.0 6.1 107.0 0.15 <0.01 0.16 7.5 x 10' Jan.11,2006 6.0 35.0 7.2 145.0 0.16 <0.01 0.23 Jan. 20, 2006 3.0 28.0 7.5 232.0 <0.01 0.19 <0.01 Jan. 23, 2006 5.0 45.0 6.8 260.0 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 Feb. 6, 2006 4.0 42.0 5.4 99.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 4.6 x 104 N 2 Dec. 12, 2005 6.0 8.0 8.7 179.0 0.56 1.51 0.12 11.0 x 103 Dec. 28, 2006 3.0 4.0 6.7 132.0 0.37 <0.01 0.04 46.0 x 103 Jan.11,2006 6.0 12.0 7.5 39.0 0.12 0.12 0.07 Jan. 20, 2006 3.0 10.0 7.0 51.0 <0.01 0.04 0.01 Jan. 23, 2006 4.0 15.0 7.0 39.0 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 Feb. 6,2006 3.0 15.0 8.5 45.0 0.30 0.40 <0.01 2.4 x 104 N3 Dec. 13, 2005 7.0 8.9 9.1 95.0 0.27 0.33 1.37 17.0 x 103 Dec.28,2005 4.0 11.0 6.0 116.0 0.30 <0.01 0.53 15.0 x103' Jan.11,2006 9.0 30.0 7.1 98.0 0.40 <0.01 0.26 Jan. 20, 2006 14.0 27.0 7.2 88.0 0.44 <0.01 <0.01 * Jan. 23, 2006 5.0 31.0 6.4 133.0 0.36 0.15 <0.01 Feb. 6, 2006 4.0 27.0 5.7 59.0 0.30 0.24 <0.01 1.4 x 104 N 4 Dec. 13, 2005 8.0 10.0 8.0 75.0 0.21 2.67 2.33 39.0 x 104 Feb. 6,2006 17.0 54.0 3.0 50.0 6.11 3.87 2.41 2.1 x 105 b 5N Dec. 12, 2005 8.0 9.8 7.5 68.0 0.31 7.95 2.19 14.0 x 104 Feb. 6, 2006 8.0 69.0 4.5 69.0 3.01 0.55 0.62 9.1 x 10b N 6 Dec. 12, 2005 22.0 27.3 6.1 52.0 26.5 1.45 2.31 8.1 x 10' Feb. 6, 2006 22.0 244.0 4.0 43.0 18.96 28.32 2.03 4.3 x 104 National Standards (TCVN 5945: 1995) Water quality "A"- <4.0 < 20.0 6.0 20.0 0.05 5.0 x 10' s ~~~~recreational use / swimming | ~~~~~Water quality "B"- <25.0 < 35.0 2.0 80.0 1.00 1 0.0 x lo'- agricultural use / swimming Water Sampling Site Descriptions: N 1: Dong Bo River near Binh Tan Bridge N 2: Cai River near Salt Bridge N 3: Tac River N 4: Outlet along Da Tuong Street near proposed location of Pumping Station No. 6 N 5: Cai River near Tran Phu Bridge N 6: Seasonal creek in Luong Hoa downstream of Ru-Ri dumpsite 3 BOD 5 - Biological Oxygen Demand (5 day) DO - Dissolved Oxygen COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand SS - Suspended Sediment NH3- Ammonia MPN - most probable number I I. i 3 Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 6 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Bd Y te C<)NG HOA XA HOI CHUi NCHiA VIET NAM VI8N PASTEUR NIIA TRANG Doe lip - Tg do - flaiii phiie KlKhoa Y te C Oig cong Nita traoog, ngdy 27 thiding 12 isla;, 2005 So :511PTHlN1120S KtT QUA PHAN TiCH HOA NYOC Noi gai nsiau Dv an Ve sinh M6i tnrr6ig cac thAlih phi6 Duy6n hli l.oai mAU NuMc s6ng. Noi lay nmau Diem xa tram XLNT so 7 Bac H6n d,,g - cau Binh TAn Ngay lAy mau 13/12/ 2005 I Slt Ten clii liu HOst,liryug Phuong phAp thur I BODs(mg/1) 6 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (mg/l) 20 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mg/1) 9,3 TCVN 4564/1998 4 Can lo lung (ing/) 94 TCVN 4560/1998 5 Amoniac (mg/I) 1,26 TCVN 5988/1995 6 Nitrat (mig/1) 0,65 TCVN 6180/1996 7 'Nitrit (ng /l) 0,28 TCVNN 6178!!996 8 Colifori (MPN/O0mil) 14.10' ISO 9308/I-1990 Ghiclii :Ket quA nAy chi c6 gi Itr d6i v/ri mau du acphAn tich. V2VIN TRIwONG TRUYONG KHEOA NGUOl PIIAN'l'iCIl Vr 1 1' TRLJ~NQ > t/3- A 2* B I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ __ I __ I ~~~Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 11 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang b6 Y tt CONG lOA XA HOI CHR0NGIIIA VI4T NAM _ViN PASTEIJR NHA TRANG Dyr 14p - TV do -H#.b phuie *Kho,tY d C ,,g N/ni l,-bog, Noh.g 14 ftrdog 2 ,,0d 2006 1igdy * S6: 1331/PTIN/0206 KET QUA PHAN TiCri HOk NtJOC Noi gi 6 muAu D9i An Vt suih Mbi trubtg cac dt/tah ph DOuy6n',i Lo6 i m0u NoAc s8ng. 6 Noa lay miu DinS wxAtrm XLN'I' s 7 Bfc Hbn ug - cOn Binh Tin Ngay lay mOu 06/2 /2006 Stn Ti ohi tiau HAm [lo9og Phwdg phiptIbu I SOD, (mgig) 4 __ TCVNf;001/1995 424 TCVN 6491/1999 I . _2_ COD (mg/l) 3 DO(mg/I) 5,4 TCVN 456411998 Crn lola (mg/l) ug 99 TCVN 4560/1998 i4 TCVN 5988/1995 5 Amnioni(,.gil) <001 6 Nirat (mg/l) l0,01 TCVN 6180/1996 7 Nwt,it (mg /1) < 0,01 I'CVN 617811996 8 Co0ifom, (MPN/Ilooml) 4,6.10' ISO 9308/1-1990 I Gbd ci : Ki'l qua niy chl co gi trh doi vbi ,nA d.g/c phftn i.h - TRlO'NG Vl}N 7TRtYfNC KKHOA NGLdlPHAN TiCrI .'4/ -/rr. .Tgwf X BO Y t6 CQNG HOA XA E1OI Ci1i NGIIIA VItT NAMil VVIENPASTEUR NHA TRANG Doc 14p- TV d -tl#ub plhk K),-o Y te C6og clng N/,a r,opg, ag pgry 14 dd 2 ado, 2006 S6: 134PTHINIO206 | KET QUA PH;kN TiCH 11OA NUbC Nai g6i mau : Di in Vi sulh M8i trutang cac thlnh pho Duyen hai J Loai mOu : Nu6c s0ng. Nogi Iay min : Diem xi tran XLNT s0 2 BDc Nha Trang - chu Sit Ngay lay mau: 06/2/ 2006 Sit Tj.uil tigou Wli,o hayg Pha,ag plip thL/ I BOD, (mg/I) 3 TCVN 6001/1995 ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~3 TCVN 6491/1999 ~ 15 ~~~~~~~~~~ 2 COD (mg/i) DO (mgrl) 8,5 1'CVN 4564/191 3 g 4 C4n la, lhg (mg/I) 45 TCVN 456011998 5 Am0olioa(mg /l) 0,30 TCVN 598811995 TCVN 6180/1996 ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~7 0,40 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6 Niu.t (mg/I) Nitit (mg /) < 0,0 TCVN 617811996 - 8 ColifonrWN1100ml) 2410, ISO 93081/1-1990 Ghi chu: Ket quA nay chi co gia trj doi vbi mhu dugc phin tich. ,,DTRU'TRU6 NG FRU6G KEIOA NGOtl l'HAN 'iCII I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~R Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 12 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nbia Trang BOY tt CQNG I86A XA ItIO Cilt NG}OIA Vltl'NAMI VIEN PASTEUR NISATRANG Doc lip - TV do - 81..h phuc K*ho Y id C6og colng ng4y Nh6a -rag, 14 lhd,,g 2 nam 2006 S6 135/PTIN/0206 dKET QUA 1'iIAN TiCII 110k Ntf OC Not gdi miau DO Ve sinh M6i trubng cfc thtnh phd Duy6n hb/i 'n Lorsi rniu Nutc song. Nrai lay t/au Di6m xAt4-nr XLNT so' 3 xa Vu h Th6a- s6ng TAc NgAoy mAu lAy 06/2/2000 Stt T6a cli tiWu ttYm lIypg Phuonogphip thu6 I BODt(ssg/l) 4 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (mg/1) 27 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mig/I) 5,7 TCVN4564/1998 4 Con la 1ollg(mgA/) 59 TCVN 456011998 5 AmoniOc (mg/I) 0,30 TCVN 5988/1995 6 Nwr,t (mg /1) 0,24 TCVN 6180/1996 7 Nimit (mg l) 0,01 TCVN6178/1996 Coliform (MPN/100nm) 1,4.10' 1SO9308/1-1990 S man duQc ph/n tich Ghii ch: KeLqui nAycli cd gLatrj doi v8rs N TIUMNG kOA 'TRtIf6NGD NGCIJl,HAN TiCOl I Y 1B0 t6 U CONG 18l6A HQ1cabi NGIIA VtgT NAM XA PASTEttR NIIA TIRANG VVIEN flOclOp- Ty do - H s.h phaic Cdng cpog Xlma I, O K/ 1361PTHrNI#206 7O#oog, 14 th/dg 2 0a.t2986 NMLa agdy A6: KET QUA PL&AN liCt 11HO NVOC Nal goi m3u Dy doV~ suishMoi trubg cSc th4nh phd Duy6i, hAt Loai mAu Nua ccOng x' N. lOaymOu Csa iti DATuotg, duOnug TiAitnP. NgOylAy min- 06 /2/ 2006 -Sl Tcn chi tiOu Mllam g luvI Pbtuog pltp thh r BOD (0,i,g/) 17 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (mg/I) 54 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mg/I) 3,0 TCVN4564/1998 4 C9 I lo (igli) lng 50 TCVN 4560/1998 5 Ataaluac (ag/) 6,11 TCVN 5988/1995 6 NiaL (lang/1) 3,87 TCVN 6180/1996 7 NiLrit(mg/I) 2,41 TCVN6178/1996 8 Coliform (MIPN/100m1) 2,1.10' ISO9308/1-1990 Ghil clui: Kct qa nAy cluic6 gia Ir doi v6i mai duyc ph/il tich | ,6'00 000 8 000 46500 VS3(BlZab luT) 30600 so0uo _0L0 o 00 _ Ph-.,u pb.p It _ ISO930S/2 - 1990 GZ/I CI/lU K31qua-.y ai a gai o d6, uS,mxAnOtnghi/1o I r~0~tZ6 N TI6016Z/(1 VTRIIG2NGCZIOA r NCHI0Nl Z6TNRNGZJt T~~~~~ Y ti3 - BO AXA0 CONC UClA llO,ICHt5 NG1IA V[6T NAIl VIWN PAST'EUR NRA TRA/NG Il60 lip - Tp do - H#.l ph/d t X/dO YtCdcOotog Nha fra-og, togiy ./4 /hoing 2 tawl, 2006 S6. 1241PTHN10206 3 R(ET QUA WHAN TiCH HOAi NIO/C Nti g6i maO Dt in V6 simD Moi tns&g CZcthOol ph6 DuyuOhni La4o maLu NUUCs'ng, Noi lay naOu Diton x6 u0m XLNP sO 7 Bac HODCOg - du Biol TOn Ngay lhy main 1 I/2006 SZt TDn chl ti/u OHtA Itytg Phooug phip tloh I BOD (to,/l) 6 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (otgO) 35 TCVN 6491i1999 3_ 3 DO (mg/l) 7,2 TCVN 4564/19S3 4 (ngAZ) C4n lu 1DIng 145 TCVN 4560/1998 S A nIniOn(mg /) 0,16 TC4N 5988/1995 6 Nitrat (.& A) ' <0,01 TCVN 6180/1996 7 I Zll _ (.g /1) 0,23 N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1itit TCVN 617811996 'Dii ehuO :K5OOt sOyeli c3 gui toj diI qui a Si onto doqc phin aich I VIAN 'bi INGC O TRItrbNNGilOA NGL'Ol P/AN TiCl] ASTEUR 9 tt _ a NB IRANG 1- 4sI O ,t . ,e4 7/a // Z;i 00/ 0 1 Il Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 -15 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang BaY tt CQNG B A XA 1:0(1 CHO NGIIIA VI r NAMl MVl¢N'PASTEURNBATRANG Doc lip - TV do - H4uo ph c Y di COng co9ng NM. u-nog, ngdy 14 thJdog n4n, 2006 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S.: *hoa 2 _ 3 125lPTHrN1o206 KELT QUA PEAN TiCH HOA NUOC Nai g6i mAu DV Sn Vl sinh MB tru6ng c;ic iAub ph6 DuyEn hAs Loai mL : NuOscs6ng. Nai lay mru Di6n xa tranmXLNT s; 2 Bic Nha Tang - cau Sal NgAy lAy mAu 11/1/ 2006 Sir TnE,cdi tie. HOim lugug Plou..g phip thu I BOD 5 (mg/) 6 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (.ng/1) 12 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mg/l) 7,S TCVN 4564/1998 4 lang C&O,In (mge) 39 TCVN 4560/1998 5 AmoDiac (nagAi) 012 TCVN 5988/1995 6 Nitrat (aug/I) 0,12 I TCVN6I9O/1996 7 Nit/it (mg Il) 0,07 I TCVN 6178/1996 Ghi ch6 : K/It quiA chi co gi tri doi vci miu duac piSn tich. nay TR*.X2NG TRtOJNO OA NGU'1 PILuN'iCHI I (tO1ETu ~ / att Bg Y tO CONG rlbA XA 101 CHiO NGHIA Vt: tNANI VIC,NPASThUl NOLT TRANG Doc lOp-- do - UI uhbpbuc Tu KhooY i CongcIo"g Nhn t-ang, gy 14 th£00goa,n 2006 2 S6: 1261PRt1V/I0206 3 KET QUA PHAVN 'I'iCH IOA NUVC Not gti mi Dv Sn V4 sich Niai tuang ctc thath ph6 Duy&n hai Losi mau Nu6c song. Nai liy nGat : DaOmxi tran XLNT s6 3 x7 Vlnh Thii - sang T5c NgOyliy mOll 11/ 1/ 2006 Stt TOnchi tieu Mimhutug Phuirug phip tha I BODs (mg/l) 9 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (mg/) 30 TCVN 6491/1999 * 3 DO(tugtl) 7J1 TCVN6411998 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~4C~ 1 * Cti Vlmg (mgt) 98 TCVN 4560/1998 5 Aoai- (.g /1 0,40 TCVN5988/l995 6 Nitrat (mg /i) 0°0,1 TCVN 6180/1996 _ 7 Nitrit(mg/l) 0,26 TCVN6178/1996 Ghi hiA: K/It qua nay chi c6 gii Irj dOt i muu duac phan tich. N TRfO6NG ('I1t8ltNG/KHOA NOUTIJI POiN IiCGIl I S HA2 1gI T SY £I7utl Z t{/5t u2toUiBZ Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 16 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang B6 Y tt CONG B bA XAHQI Cab NGISIA VIfT NAMT PASTEUR NB'A TRANG WVItN E DQc 14p-T dop-T phOc 1o-g, gjy 14 th i;g 2 rd4m 2006 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SS: *Khm Y tA CIng c6g PhNh. 3 w 1271YI'HN/0206 KtT QUA PHAN TICH 1IOA Nh (C Noi g6i mhu Dvu VE simhMBi tnutog cac lhlnh phBDuy6n h9i in Looi mOu NdoAc s8ng. Nai laiym9u Dirm xs tnsm XLNT so, 7 Bic llon Ong - ciu Binh Tin NgAyI5y miu 2011/2006 1 Sit Tg cbi liiu :i.m uVng Ph.wag pbhp tbir I I 1O:D (mg/) 3 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (mg/i) 28 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mg/l) 7,5 TCVN 4564/1998 4 Can la lhhg (mg/I) 232 TCVN 4560/1993 5 Amoniac (mg A) < 0,01 l'CVN 5988/1995 6 Nirat (mg /1) 0,19 TCVN 6180/1996 7 Nitit (mg /1) <0,01 TCVN 6178/1996 * Gb i chu lYl quAiAy c. giAl dBiv6i mau dugc phin ich. A: chi tr TN TRUONG K1IOA 1ITRUt6NG GTU6 PU,N I iCII N! vi~ as ~D t7a; 74 ,.> I _B Y t6 CONG HBOA HtOI CHtl NOHIA VD2T NAM xA VIVN PASTEUR NIA TRANG Doc lip - Th do - Hnbh pbdc hIKhoa le Cong cong Y 22006 Nisa Irang, ng4y 14 Adhngndin So: 128IPTEIN/0206 3 KET QUA PHAN TiCH HOA NU'dC DV an V6 sinh Mi trusong cac thOb phI Duy6n hAi U Noi goi mau Loai mAu Nub0 s6ng. Nci' niou lay : Dim xi tram XLNT so 2 Bic Nba Trang - cAu Sat NgAy lAy mau 20/1 2006 Sit Tau chi titu Hnim logAg phap thb -Plimig I BODs(mg/I) 3 TCVN 6001/19SS 2 COD (mg/1) 10 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mg/1) 7,0 TCVN 4564/1998 44 la hYlng (mg/1) 51 TCVN 456011998 5 Amoniac (mg/I) <001 TCVN 598811995 6 Nitrat (mg/I) 0,04 TCVN6180/1996 7 N7iti (mg/I) 0.01 TCVN617811996 duoc phan tich. Ghi chO: Ket qua nAy chl c6 gia tri doi voi m3Au |1t > N T1UTRf G )ftr0U`NG KIOA NCfJ5l P01HAN TiCHI Finial Environmental r.. Assessment . . Annex 2 - 17 . Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang DOtc Y XA CONG B6OA HI1I CHO NGHIIA VlIT NAM V1N PASTEUlt NIHATRANG D§c I(p - TV do - 9o.h plhac ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S.: 14 thdtxg 2 n6m *i,oo YoO CdMgn9g i-lg, ,giy N. 320U6 z 1291PTHN10206.' 3 lKtT QUA PHAIN TiCiL HOi N U6C ctic Nti g&cmAn DV an Ve sith M6i trumrng th'nh ph6 Duyan hAi Lo9i m5u : Nu/6c s6ng. Noi lay mau 1Dim xitrco XLNT so' 3 x6 Vinh ThAi- s6ng l'ac Ngay lay maa: 20 1 1 2006 Sit TUuchi tiEu 11amluoqg Phloog phap ILu I BOD, (mg/I) 14 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (mga) 27 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mg/l) 7,2 TCVN 4564/1998 4 CIn k laug (mg/I) 88 TCVN 4560/199i 5 Amocima (mg/I) 0,44 TCVN 59/19905 6 Niuat (mg /t) <0,01 TCVN 6180/1996 7 Nirit (mg/I) < 0,01 TCVN 6178/1996 Cdhi chu: Kct qua nAycluco gii trl d1i v6i mia duoc phautich. /N TRltONG |rTRUING IKIDOA PItAN TiCsl NOGISO I + Wo 7 :_ BoVyti CONG 0A UA CHt NGattA VICT NAM H1I V4N PASTEUR NsA TRANG D3c Ilp - TV do - H11 h ph0c 9 X/too Y d Cdng c/g Nh.a-g, ngdy 14 rthdrog .n,1 2006 2 3 KET QUA PiiN TICH HO1 Nw'OC Nai ge,imu pho : DV AnVE sinh Ni6i truhug chc tihAnh Duy6n hai Lcsi mAss NuIc s6ng MNai mu lay :n x xieIcrus XLNT so 7 Bac 016aOng - cau Bioh TAn Ngiy hay mau 23/1/2006 Stt TDuchi SiEu luo,g Maum Phuosug phap MI6 I I 2 3 BODO(mg/I) COD (mg/I) DO (mg/I) 5 45 6,8 TCVN TCVN TCVN 6001/1995 6491/1999 4564/1998 4 CAlo la Img (mg/) 260 TCVN 4560/1998 5 Amoniac (mg /1) < 0,01 TCVN 5988/1995 6 Nittat (nig/1) <0,01 TCVN 6180/1996 7 Nitrit (mg /1) 0,03 TCVN 6 178/1996 Chichri chi K/t qua nAy c6 giAtri do vi mau duoc phAn tich. If6tO a TRUO'NG KHOA |NG NGfOIPIsN TiCN' I I Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 18 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results 3 Coastal Cities Environmerital Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang BOY tc CQNG i6AXAl IQI CHINGiLOA vIF;r NANI VI$N PASTEUR NUA TRANG Dclip -Tu do-l14nh pli,c KhJa Y ii Cang c#l,g mg, ugay 14 thdng 2 ni,., 2006 Nh, -, * S6: 131IPTRiN/6206 3 KtT QUA PEIAN TICl HEIOA NVOC Nai g6i mau Dv AnVe sih M6i trung cActhOnh pho Duy6a hai Loai mniu Nu6co6ng. Noi Iay mnu :Dierun t6.Lm xi XLNT s66 Bac Nha Traig - cau Sit 2 Ngay lay iimAu 23/1 /2006 Sit Tin c6i!ti8i tuung Ha'm I Pbuung phap tho tI;101,B (mg/i) 4 TCVN 6001/1995 2 COD (mg/i) 15 TCVN 6491/1999 3 DO (mg/I) 7,0 TCVN 4564/1998 4 CA lng (mg/1) C,n 39 TCVN 4560/1998 3 5 Amoniac(mg/ I) <0,01 TCVN 5988/1995 6 Nirat (ng/1) I0,01 TCVN 6180/1996 7 Nitit (mg /1) 0,05 TCVN 6178/1996 Gbhic6: KOrqua nAychi c6 gi8 ul d6i voi man dac phan ffch. I NTTRIf NG TO'iYI9NG KIIOA NGU61 PHAN TiCGl PA~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~STE I B3,Y tii VVIN PASThUR NUATIRANG Ct?NG HUdA lidl CYIb NGL XA vA r NAhl 110clp - Tu, do - 1lh phuc |~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~K" 1321PI'S7V0206 ~ ~~ 1;rY teCotbagqJlig S3: Nhatrang,ngdyl14 t/dng 2,,dam2006 3 KET QUA P"AN TiCA E1OA NUOC Noi g6i miau DV ve sinh M6i tru6mg cac thanh ph6 DayOn hAi Dui Lo,a mau Nuic s6ng. Nui lay mtu DiAm xi tram XLNT s6 3 xa Vinh ThAi - sdingT62 NgOyIOy m8u 23/1/2006 Stt T8t chliti6u lli Iip.g Phiiog pOap thu 1 I 2 3 4 BOD, (mg/1) COD (gfl) DO (mg/1) Con Ia l6ng (mg/i) 5 31 6,4 133 TCVN 6001/1995 TCVN6491/1999 TCVN 4564/1998 TCVN 4560/1998 5 Amnounc /1) (mg 0,36 TCVN 5988/1995 6 NMual (mg/i) 0,15 TCVN 6180/1996 7 Nitrit (mg /1) <0,01 TCVN 6178/1996 Ghi chui: K3t quOnAychi c6 gia aIj d6i v6i mu duVc phOn tich. I T N TRY&NG TRlrefNG KIIOA NGLfdi PIIANTICII I ANNEX 2.3 Summary Results of CCESP Hydraulic Modelling Final Envir-onimenital Assessment Annex 2 - 19 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trancg | Assessment of the Impact of Discharged Domestic Wastewater to the Surface Water Bodies Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project 3 Nha Trang Subproject, Phase 1 by Mr. Nguyen Minh Son, Institute of Environmental Technology, Ha Noi General description. In accordance to the design for the Phase 1, the domestic waste water will be discharged through 4 outlets (see the figure below). Following the results of the public interview (within the Project framework) on the ways of discharging waste water in Nha Trang, there are about 37% of households discharging the domestic waste water to the current sewage system or to the open channels/rivers in the City. This figure is assumed to be used for all the areas discharging waste water to the outlets. Upon the construction of the Phase 1 is made, the amount of domestic waste water through the outlets would. increase, depending on the number of households having the connection with the sewage drainage to the outlets. The wastewater from the area of the Canal No. 1 from the Vinh Hai, Vinh Phuoc wards is discharged to the Outlet 1 and to the open channel connecting with the Cai River. This outlet is about 1.7 km far from Cai River and about 4 km far from the sea (by navigation route). It is necessary to note that on the way of its transportation, the pollutant can be trapped and retained in a lowland spot, located in the middle of the channel, having its area of about,1 km2 . The Outlet 2 receives waste water from Vinh Hoa and discharges it directly to the sea (Nha Trang Bay). The Outlet 3 receives waste water from Van Thanh and Loc Tho and discharges it to Quan Truong river, to the location, 3.7 km far from its confluence with Tac river. The Outlet 4 discharges waste water, collected from the residential area of Vinh Phuoc, to a location on Cai River, near its mouth (Tran Phu Bridge). The lengths of river segments, location of the outlets and other concerned distances are described in the Figure 1. The impacts of the waste water sources, from the hydrodynamic point of view, can be considered by considering the three following problems: a) Change of the pollutants concentrations in the Lowland area. 3 b) The dispersion pattern of the pollutants from the waste water sources in Cai river system c) The dispersion pattern of pollutants from the wastewater sources in Quan Tr! ong River system For the Outlet 2, there is no need for hydraulic calculation because the wastewater discharges directly to the sea (Nha Trang Bay). I Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 20 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang I jOuitlet 1 Outlet 2 0.4 km Lowland area \~~~~~~~~~~ vn | vo ,; 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Outlet 4 Tran Phu Bridqe i n~~~~~~~~~~~~~c | \4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~OLutlet 3 \n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~f 0 Li. 37~~~~~ 7 I Gross fluxes (loads) ofpollutants: To estimate the gross fluxes of pollutants from the domestic waste 3 water through the outlets, the Standards for the Infrastructure Construction are used (TCXD 51:84: 30g/lper./day for BOD, 50g/per.day for SS, 7g/per./day for TN and 1.7 g/per./day for P2 0 5) . Due to the lack of the standard for COD, it is suggested to use the value of 50g/per./day, taking into the consideration of the values recommended by WHO [WHO, 1993] and EPA. Based on the number of people living in the areas, presently discharging the domestic waste water to the respective cutlets (37% of population), the gross fluxes are estimated and presented in the following table: No. of BOD COD SS TN P20 5 people (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) connected I Outlet 1 8,787 263.61 439.35 439.35 61.51 14.94 Outlet 2 1,265 37.97 63.28 63.28 8.86 2.15 3 Outlet 3 21,335 640.04 1,066.73 1,066.73 149.34 36.27 Outlet 4 426 12.77 21.28 21.28 2.98 0.72 3 Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 21 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Ntia Tranig 3 For the Phase 1, according to the report on the investment option, the number of people UsinIg sewage collection system increases and the gross fluxes of pollutants is recalculated as follows: No. of BOD COD SS TN P205 people (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) connected 3 Outlet 1 9,052 271.56 452.60 452.60 63.36 15.39 Outlet 2 2,590 77.72 129.53 129.53 18.13 4.40 OutIet 3 2412 723.53 1,205.88 1,205.88 168.82 41.00 Outlet 4 3701 111.05 185.08 185.08 25.91 6.29 I Problem 1. Dispersion pattern of the pollutants in Cai river system The concerned system of Cai river is described in the following figure: E A 3 \ Source 1 from \ * \/ F lowland area | \) Source 2 from \ ~~Outlet 4 Cai river Tran Phu Bridge D We have the input data as follow: I * Length of AB = 1Okm. (A is taken far from the outlet for studying the mixing zone * Length of BC=1.4km (the river sections from B to C and C to D is considered as those which represent the two branches from and to the respective points * CD=0.8km * EF= 9km 3 * FB= 0.8km * The width of the river changes from 100m (at point A) to 250 (at D); and from 75m (at E) to 150m (at B) * . The average water depth of the river changes from 2 to 3 m The data on the average flow discharges in Cai river at Dong Trang station [South Central Hydromet 3 Center, 2002] read: Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 22 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trancg Month Q (m3/s) 60.2 35.0 IlIl 29.9 IV 26.9 V 40.0 VI 43.5 VIl 39.1 Vill 35.5 * IX 60.8 X 129.7 Xi 206.3 XII 169.0 I 1. Prob/ern 1. Ca/cu/ate the pollutant distribution after the outlet for ebb tide period only (no tidal influence). Input data are: | Discharge at A: Q(A)= 27m3/s (monthly average minimum) Discharge at E: Q(E)= 14m3/s (monthly average minimum) | Water level at D = constant =average tidal level Concentrations of BOD5 at A and E (boundaries) are taken for the three cases, respectively equal to 5mg/l, 10mg/l and 15mg/l. Assume that each person discharges 100 liters of water each day. Calculate for the two cases: at present / baseline conditions and after the new Phase 1 household connections are made. For the river segment EFBCD. 3 We can see, if the concentration of BOD5 given at upstream boundary is taken equal to 10mg/l, its value increase only 0.21 mg/l at the location F and on 0.08mg/l at the location C. The concentration of BODW decreases a little when moving downstream as shown in the following figure: BOD5 (mu-g/m3) 10250000 1 10200000 1015000 l Location C 10150000'l l 10100000 Location F | ~~~~~10100000.| I I ~~~~~~~~~~w- 10050000 Am 10000000 Present 3 9950000 0 1250 2500 i 3750 rr . 5000 r . . . . 6200 l . I , 7400 . Location B 8600 . 9800 . 10520 Pha 1 11570 l Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 23 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmnental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang This pattern is common for other values of BOD at upstream and for other pollutants. Problem 1.2: Determine the mixing zone of pollutants in Cai River. Concerning the hydrological data, the average river discharges Q at upstream boundaries (point A and E) are taken as follows: Q(m 3 /s) Rainy season Dry season (atAand E) 206 and 110 27 and 14 The water level H at the sea (downstream) boundary represented the high tide (HT) and low tide (LT) is given in the following table (m, compared with Chart Datum): | Spring Tide Low Tide (from Oh 01/01 to 1lh 01/02/2006) (from Oh 01/06 to 1lh 01/07/2006) 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.2 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.5 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.6 I 0.6 1.8 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.4 1.9 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 0.4 2.0 0.4 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.6 0.4 2.2 0.4 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.6 I 0.6 2.3 0.4 2.2 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.8 2.4 0.6 2.3 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.0 2.4 0.8 2.3 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.3 1.1 2.3 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.4 Source. Tidal Table, Vol. 1,2006 It can be seen th-at the mixing zone of pollutants depends on the hydrological regime in the system, 3 rather than the pollutants diffusion and decay effects. During the neap tide phase (withdrawing tide), the water in Cai river flows down toward the East Sea and the pollutants mixing zone can be considered as that from the point F to B, C and D. However, during the spring tidal phase (rising tide), | the mixing zone is different for different options of H and Q described above. The upper boundary of 3 the pollutants mixing zone reaches farther to the upstream direction and can be calculated by the MIKE1 1 model. The results are given in the following table: Option H (m) Q (m3/s) Upper boundary of mixing zone (km) I 1 HT MIN In the river section AB (distance from B toward upstream) 3.2 In the river section EB (distance from B toward upstream) 4.9 2 HT MIN 3.2 4.9 3 HT Max 0.5 2.1 * 4 HT Max 0.5 2.1 5 LT MIN 1.7 3.5 Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 24 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 6 LI MIN 1.7 3.5 7 LI Max 0.7 2.4 8 LI Max 0.7 2.4 During thie neap tide phase, the area of impact can be calculated and described in the figure below * for BOD5 (equal 10mg/l at upstream, for the dry season flow discharge at upstream and high tide regime at downstream). This is the case when the tide flow can reach farthest upstream. BOD5 (mu-g/m3) 10400000 > // *\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pres 10300000 I 102500000 Present_L J, 10250000 / >12-00 Pha 1_H 10200000 |--X-Pha 1_L 1 10150000 Lo ation F / > Location C 10100000 ./ t 10050000 X 10000000 jo . . . . . . ... . ... . 9950000 Location B 9900000 . , I I 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6200 7400 8600 9800 10520 11570 Problem 2.- Dispersion pattern of the pollutants in Quan Truong river system The concerned system of Quan Truong River is described in the following figure: - D A Source 1 from * \/ * E \ Outlet 3 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Quan Truonq river * ' Sea \E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ast I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C We have the input data as follow: | Length of AB = 1Okm. (A is taken far from the conjunction for studying the mixing zone) * Length of BC=2.7km * DE= 7km * FB= 3.7km I Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 25 * Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang FB= 0.8km The width of the river changes from 75m (at point A) to 120 (at B); and 250m (at C); and on 1 the BD segment: from 120m (at D) to 150m (at B) | The average water depth of the river changes from 2.1 to 2.5 m downward Problem 2. 1: Calculate the pollutant distribution after the outlet for ebb tide period only (no tidal influence). Input data are: Discharge at A: Q(A)= 10m3/s (monthly average minimum) Discharge at E: Q(E)= 18m3/s (monthly average minimum) Water level at D = constant =average tidal level Concentrations of BODs at A and E (boundaries) are taken for the three cases, equal to 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l and 15 mg/l, respectively. I Assume that each person discharges 100 litters of water each day. Calculate for the two cases: at present / baseline conditions and after the new Phase 1 household connections are made. We can see, if the concentration of BODs given at upstream boundary is taken equal to 10 mg/I, its value increase only 0.45mg/l at the location B receiving waste water. The concentration of BODs decreases a little when moving downstream as shown in the following figure: BOD5 (mu-g/m3) 10500000 10400000 - 1030000 Cai Truong , 1tk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ in;rlh 10200000 10200000 Location C - 10100000 Location B *~ 10000000 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -- Present -P-resen * Pha I 9900000 I 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6188 7375 8563 9750 10775 12150 This pattern is common for other values of BOD at upstream and for other pollutants. Problem 2.2: Determine the mixing zone of pollutants in Quan Truong River. Concerning the hydrological data, the average river discharges Q at upstream boundaries (point A I and E) taken as follows: are Q(m 3/s) Rainy season Dry season (at A and E) 100 and 160 10 and 18 The water level H at the sea (downstream) boundary represented the high tide and low tide is taken the same as for the Cai River system. It can be seen that the mixing zone of pollutants depends on the hydrological regime in the system, rather than the pollutants diffusion and decay effects. During Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 26 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang the neap tide phase (withdrawing tide), the water in Quan Truong river flows down toward the East |*Sea and the pollutants mixing zone can be considered as that from the point E to B and C. However, during the spring tidal phase (rising tide), the mixing zone is different for different options of H and 0 described above. The upper boundary of the pollutants mixing zone reaches farther to the upstream direction and can be calculated by the MIKE1 1 model. The results are given in the following table: I Option H (m) Q (m"/s) Upper boundary of mixing zone (km) In river section AB, Tac river the (distance from B toward In river section DEB, Quan the Truong river (distance from B upstream) toward upstream) 1 HT MIN 5.7 6.8 * 2 HT MIN 5.7 6.8 3 HT Max 0.9 4.9 * 4 HT Max 0.9 4.9 5 LT MIN 3.5 6 6 LT MIN 3.5 6 7 LT Max 0.9 4.7 8 LT Max 0.9 4.7 During the neap tide phase, the area of impact can be calculated and described in the figure below for BOD5 (equal 10mg/I at upstream, for the dry season flow discharge at upstream and high tide regime at downstream). This is the case when the tide flow can reach farthest upstream. BOD5 (mu-g/m3) * 11100000 I 10900000 /1/ \1 Present_H 10700000 Present- Location C . Pha 1_H 1050000 /Pha1_L Cai Truong I 10300000 L tion B 10100000 X I~~~~~~olu 9900000 1 r I I I . I I , I I II I I , I I I, I , . , ,, j 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6188 7375 8563 9750 10775 12150 ome remarks. 0 Due to the lack and inappropriateness of the baseline environmental data for the area, some input data for the model are taken as assumptive. A series of the values were taken for the calculation. However, the results show that the general pattern of pollutant movement and distribution is almost the same due to the activeness of the considered water bodies (decay I effect plays insignificant role). So the results described above can be used for assessment of other scenarios of hydraulic regime, waste water discharge and baseline environment. The amounts of the pollutants contributed by the waste water discharged to the downstream area of Cai and Quan Truong rivers in the present condition and at the Phase 1 are small. Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 27 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang When the waste water collection construction for the Phase 1 is made, the net increases of the pollutants loads are about 38% and 13% for the two rivers respectively. However, these portions of pollutants could made the change to the baseline environment on less than 5% (tested for three cases with the average baseline concentration of BOD5 equal to 5, 10, 15mg/I). |* The portions of concentrations of pollutants from domestic water would be the highest in the cases, when the river flow and tidal amplitude are simultaneously getting smallest. However, their net values are still small compared to the observed data represented the baseline | environment. * The amounts of pollutants discharged through the Outlet 2 are very small compared to the active coastal water body in Nha Trang Bay. Thus the domestic waste from the Outlet 2 would not affect the Bay (except a very small area surrounding the outlet location) for both cases: at present and when the Phase 1 implemented. ANNEX 2.4 Copies of CCESP Sediment Quality Testing Results Summary of CCESP Sediment Quality Testing Results: Nha Trang Subproject I Sampling Site Sampling Date pH Total Solids (O) Total Volatile Solids Total P (ppm) Pb (ppm) Cr (ppm) Total N Cu (ppm) (%) (ppm) TB 1 Feb. 12, 2006 6.76 36.62 0.20 387.0 19.6 3.4 451.8 12.4 TB 2 Feb. 12, 2006 6.93 37.67 0.10 387.0 21.1 2.9 451.8 12.4 TB 3 Feb. 12, 2006 6.58 42.57 0.12 179.5 15.6 3.2 416.5 29.8_ TB 4 Feb. 12, 2006 6.71 22.67 0.93 1,421.1 48.1 8.3 2,195.5 89.9 TB 5 Feb. 12, 2006 6.81 38.94 0.07 324.5 17.2 4.3 527.8 17.0 T-B 6 Feb. 12, 2006 6.55 42.78 0.10 162.5 7.4 2.8 242.7 6.1 International Standards (Dutch Soil Clean-up Guidelines; 1995; 1999) "safe" values - can be used / disposed without treatment < 530 < 380 - <90 "storage" values - should be safely stored and monitored - - - 90 - 190 "clean-up" values - hazardous, must be properly treated > 530 > 380 - > 190 Sediment Sampling Site Descriptions: TB 1: At Ba Lang outlet I TB TB TB 2: 3: 4: Army area on Nam Hon Kho Road At Soil Canal on Phuoc Hue Road At Field Vegetables near Garrison TB 5: Near No.3 Power Supply TB 6: At Outlet to Dong Bo river P - Phosphate FeO3 - Iron Oxide 2 Pb - Lead Cu - Copper Cr - Chromium Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 28 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results I I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Il I I I I I I. I Il I I I I ~ ~~Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 29 * ~~~~Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranrg /LQTIQLYQNG HQC Cong H6a Xa Hdi Chu Nghia Viet Nam TjTITUEbPO EANOGRAPHY Doc I!p-TV do-H inh phCic 4 2 '3 Tg 'tDIA HOA T ti9ltij3kitWIS RY DEPARTMENT PHIWU PHAN TiCH MAU I w -- /si,4 (Analysis Sheet) 1 Loal inau/ Type of sample: Tram tich/ Sediment (from Coastal Cities Env. Sanitation Project, CCESP) 2. Ngaiy nhan mau / Receiving date: 20/02/2006 3. Ngay phan tich/ Date of analysis: 20/02/2006 4. Tinh trang mau/ State of sample: no treated Ket qua (Results) Samples TB1 TB2 TB3 TB4 TB5 TB6 %solid 36.62 37.67 42.57 22.67 38.94 42.78 pH 6.76 6.93 6.58 6.71 6.81 6.55 % Organic matters .0.20 0.10 0.12 0.93 0.07 0.10 (expressed as C) Total N (ppm) 451.8 185.8 416.5 2195.1 527.8 242.7 Total P (ppm) 387.0 131.8 179.5 1421.1 324.5 162.5 Pb (ppm) 19.6 21.1 15.6 48.1 17.2 7.4 I Cr (ppm) 3.4 2.9 3.2 8.3 4.3 2.8 Cu (ppm) 12.4 9.5 29.8 89.9 17.0 6.1 I Ghi chu: - Mau TB1: - Mau TB2: Mau TB3: Caa xa Ba lang ben h6ng Giao xa? M'aang sd 1-Nam H6n kh6- Cqnh doanh trai Quan d6i DLaang Phuv&c Hue - Gan dai Phat xq E)6ng de. 6 - Mau TB4: Tuyen maacrng s 3 - 19uo&ng sat sau Thuy Hayng - Mau TB5: Tuyen mucang sd 3 - C6ng Le Hdng Phong - M TB6: Mau CCva xa S6ng Dong bo Nha Trang, ngay 24 thang 02 nam 2006 3 Tri.ang Ph6ng/Head of Department I Pham Van Thcm U I I I I , Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 30 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang 5 ANNEX 2.5 Copies of CCESP Geotechnical Investigation Results - Luong Hoa Landfill Site I (b11XzzAt// - d(D ZI 0 z- I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~( 0 0 z | Cg ;:.tli!',fl, nf f~~~~// CL -< U j ji | ''~~~~~~~1 - .' -I .________ '1 .!| ll!il, 2 Ii z w~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~1 I~~~~~~~~~ l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 -31 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results -- --- * ------ - - ----------- ,!, t F~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--- ''' 't' :'z'1' !G ' ----- ---- ----- - -- ---- -- -5 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---- g '^, uof . i ) . 0- 4 =gX < a ------ -- m~~~~~~ Cl jO ,, . ----- - -- --- -1 7 T,ze U) --- ------ ---- : C~~~~~~~~~~~ O ------ ----------------- ---- ---------- ----- ---- '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _______ I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Ninitiry of [loath SOCIALIST RE:IUIILIC (Jl VIET NANI Nha tru-tg Panleur Instilute ------- ---- - ----- ----------- -------- .-.------ * 1--t-- teotty Jdattty 0 ' 2005 5 7I' XNHN/0106 BOr CliENIICAL WEATER ANALYSIS Cheat -X.o. Taos Conooltattne and Techotolly SOto/ce LId .Co 71 Xoon Diruo liue Cly Projeot . Luong Hoo Ia-dfild Sob-ptnjoot Nho toa,g Ctty Sonpl desoiplion: Tobewell Watet Da,t ad -. ipt c .21/1212005 Pateattaetefs _ enoltoLd = __ lethlttd Nuatana(tttgal/ 31 _ TCVN-olBO/1956 )_ IBltoatloler'ato lae(ta)_ -- __ 7?035 AOAC lit/0a * Cblaoide (nagal) 15,6 lCYN - 6194/1596 Sal/ate (mg/l1 * 9,0 TCVN -620011996 S odtont __nt__ 24,i5 1ta Sele'Ito Eloltods Pot.tatistl (a/g///_ 26 AA * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ (.?C.CO,11) 65 Clu ~ sgi20.S ~ ~~~Hnrdness SMEWU' SMEWU', Totallo- (t.g'1) - 0- 2 TCVNll-6177a1996 *l'hophalatn(a/I) <001 SMEUWW Antte.aasa-(ny/I) Ild fCVN - 598811995 Totbadity (NTO) 107 ISO -702711990 O(ag1l) hOlD 3- I CON 6001/1995 COD (ngtl) 6 TCVN 6491/1999 )DO(t,agll) 7.7 iCNN 4564/1996 Sssp-aad o/hd (mg/l) - 2NIEWW Total Natnogen(IgNa1) 6,97 SMEWW U tiNta Thia tepatfto otaly olad toa ala anolyand osalale I.. %, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dotuo-a / ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CJ7/f tt tt Alaloayt ; 0 it ' ' g06 - !.'il - -- - -.- ,;; -Niatiotyof illeath SOCIALISI REPUBLIC OF IET NAbl NIIA TRANG PASTEUR INSTITUTE - . -- ------ ------------- aDo aotnent of Pobli Ilallth N. 16 12-2905/VSMT 1 De-rnab, 26dOe2003 Nht. Toa-9g, 3 WATER ANALYTICAL REPFiRT I hStale s d XeUdet1JAM Ltd. Co. XUAN S-aPtIle0/to lft/NG IISA LANDFILL Sa-ple deoniptino fro-te aillitg woll W.Oaer - itk stBeIU 1 far [oot Lo.n.g [tO tl atdflitll Dote staaapttng of Iteoneteher 21 a 2005 3 Dote ofex-mnaing Ie-eatsbor210,2005 |Rerrit 3 I'oe*ttaeter Asolyttool otothod 2lj,Ia/sa titol hlPN/II 00.ad 210U.00 TCCVN6I82-I Ne I E taNs Tl resell Is only o6lid foe sle ... aeolyeoat ttlod. act DIatoor ChiefofD oprtesoat Ataslytoal-salff I -2 4-&' ',u'r ('a '' Final Environmental Assessment Annex 2 - 33 Annex 2: Baseline Data and Hydraulic Modelling Results I~~I, 'r I a~~~~~M, d.I tit> SZ i-ANNEX 3 I rt g -~~~~~~~~~~~X- _ '-- -0 ^Public Consultation * ;&i]2_}jand r Disclosure I t I I I Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang | ANNEX 3.1 3 Summary Results from the Conducted Socio-Economic Survey and Household Consultations Nha Trang City (September - October 2005) No. of Responses to CCESP Total Number % Total Responses % of Poor Socio-Economic Survey of Responses Respondents from Poor Respondents Households I Question #7. What source do you use water for eating, drinking, bathing and washing I Question #7.1 What source do you use water for eating Piped water 446 96.7 242 95.7 3 Hand dug well 6 1.3 3 1.2 Drilling well water 3 0.7 2 0.8 Buy water from venders 6 1.3 6 2.4 I Question #7.2 What source do you use water for drinking Piped water 446 96.7 242 95.7 Hand dug well 4 0.9 2 0.8 Drilling well water 2 0.4 1 0.4 Buy water from venders 8 1.7 8 3.2 3 Question #7.3 What source do you use water for bathing Piped water 412 89.4 224 88.5 Hand dug well 38 8.2 22 8.7 Drilling well water 5 1.1 2 0.8 Buy water from venders 5 1.1 5 2 3 Question #7.4 What source do you use water for washing Piped water 408 88.5 222 87.7 Hand dug well 41 8.9 24 9.5 Drilling well water 6 1.3 2 0.8 | Buy water from venders 5 1.1 5 2 Question #10. Where do your own domestic waste water (eating, drinking, washing and bathing) and from business and service dispose? * Question #10a. Domestic wastewater (eating, drinking, washing and bathing) Into the city's sewerage and 48 10.4 28 11.1 drainage system Into primary drainage system then to the pond/ 118 25.6 57 22.5 U lake/ river Into pond/ lake/ canal/ sea 6 1.3 4 1.6 3 Into the garden 12 2.6 3 1.2 Absorb into land/ into hole 272 59 158 62.5 Question #1Ob. Wastewater from business and services 3 Into the city'ssewerage and drainage system 16 225 7 175 Environmental Assessment Annex 3 - 1 AAnnex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Into primary drainage system then to the pond/ 8 11.3 6 15 lake/ river Into pond/ lake/ canal/ sea 4 5.6 3 7.5 Absorb into land/ into hole 41 57.7 23 57.5 Question #11. Please describe the sewage and drainage system in your living area Excavated earth drain (no 73 15.8 42 16.6 masonry) Public drainage system which flows to oond/ lake/ 153 33.2 76 30 river City's combined sewer 25 5.4 13 5.1 system Absorb into land/ into hole 223 48.4 127 50.2 Direct to the sea 5 1.1 3 1.2 Question #12. In the rainy season, have you been flood in your living area? Yes | 17 | 3.7| 13| 5.1 Question #13. If yes, how long has the rainwater pulled out? Half day 59 44.4 29 38.2 1 day 9 6.8 9 11.8 2 days 7 5.3 3 3.9 Others 5b 43.6 35 46.1 Question #14. According to you, what are most serious environmental issue(s) that need to be addressed in your community? Lack of sewage and 178 38.6 84 33.2 drainage system Flooding during rainy 92 20.0 53 20.9 season Pollution by wastewater 36 7.8 20 7.9 Air pollution by exhusts or 39 8.5 23 9.1 dust Lack of hygienic sanitation 16 3.5 13 5.1 Disorderly scattered waste 24 5.2 12 4.7 or rubbish Daily water pollution from 6 1.3 2 0.8 underground/ river / canal Lack of piped water system 2 0.4 2 0.8 Others 31 6.7 3 1.2 424 212 Question #19. How about your family's sanitation status? Question #19a. How about your family's sanitation status - Self-assessing by households Clean, hygienic 317 70.1 170 69.4 Normal 133 29.4 74 30.2 Environmental Assessment Annex 3 - 2 Annex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Dirty, polluted | 2 | 0.4 1 0.4 Question #19b. How about your family's sanitation status - Assessing/ Observing by surveyor Clean, hygienic 306 67.7 165 67.3 Normal 140 31.0 76 31 Dirty, polluted 4 0.9 3 1.2 Question #21. Where does the wastewater go from your latrine? Into the city's sewerage and 23 5.1 9 3.7 drainage system Into primary drainage system then to the pond/ 22 4.9 12 4.9 lake/ river Into pond/ lake/ canal/ sea 4 0.9 3 1.2 Into the garden 5 1.1 2 0.8 Absorb into land/ into hole 393 86.9 217 88.6 Others 5 1.1 2 0.8 Question #28. Do you have to pay for wastewater fee from latrine at present? Yes | 2 | 0.4 | 0 Question #32. How about status of waste collection in your family? Disposing to the main street 11 2.4 7 2.8 Disposing to the sea/ rivers/ canals/ ditches/ lakes/ 2 0.4 2 0.8 ponds or culverts Gathering to the public 10 2.2 6 2.4 dustbin every day Being collected by waste 411 89.2 215 85 collectors Collecting 2-3 days, then 25 5.4 22 8.7 disposing Burning / burying 2 0.4 1 0.4 Question #34. In your opinion, how are the wastes from HHs gathered by URENCO? Being collected by waste collectors every day and 445 96.7 206 97.6 gathering to the city's waste * disposal area 2-3 days collected by waste collectors and gathering to 4 0.9 0 the city's waste disposal area Question #35. Does your family segregate your wastes before disposing? Seperating the solid waste 57 12.4 25 9.9 and usual waste 3 No 403 87.4 227 89.7 Question #36. In your opinion, should you segregate the solid waste and the domestic waste I before disposing to waste storage areas? Yes 132 28.6 65 25.7 Because easy to classify the 36 27.3 21 32.3 I waste for reprocessing Because saving the organic 32 24.2 20 30.8 wastes for fertilizer Environmental Assessment Annex 3 - 3 Annex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang Because creating good I behavior in keeping clean 105 79.5 50 76.9 environment and sanitation Because others 3 2.3 1 1.5 188 74.3 I No 329 71.4 Because waste of time 203 61.7 109 58 Because do not know how 142 43.2 92 48.9 to segregate the waste Because it does not affect 43 13.1 19 10.1 the environment Question #44. In the last month, did any your family members get any of above - mentioned * sicknesses/ diseases? Yes 147 31.9 91 36 3 Question #49. What benefit(s) do you expect to have if investments are made in your area to build sewage and drainage systems and improve rubbish collection? Improved health conditions 362 78.5 184 72.7 Cleaner environment 307 66.6 160 63.2 More convenient living and 229 49.7 127 50.2 working conditions Reliability 58 12.6 35 13.8 Do not know / no reply 21 4.6 2 9.1 I Other benefits 9 2 8 3.2 986 516 Question #50. Do you think that it is necessary to connect your family's domestic sewage to city's common sewage and drainage? Domestic sewage 401 87.2 110 82.1 Toilet sewage 396 86.1 211 83.7 I Question #51. Do you think your family can afford a new sewage system or improvement to connect your household to city's sewage and drainage system network as expected? I 199 | 43.2 | 98 | 38.7 Yes Question #52. How much money would you ifford to connect your family waste water system to city's common sewage and drainage system? 0 35 10.3 22 13 < 200,000 VND 93 27.3 58 34.3 200,000 - 500,000 VND 188 55.1 85 50.3 >500,000 VND 25 7.3 4 2.4 Question #54. The Households can not afford to connect family's waste water system to city's I common sewage and drainage system, because We can not afford it 57 12.4 43 17 We do not want to connect it 5 1.1 5 2 We will share it with the 4 0.9 3 1.2 neighbors / other We have a proper sewage 40 8.7 22 8.7 system already Our system already 15 3.3 10 4 connected to city's system l Environmental Assessment Annex 3 - 4 Annex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure l Coastal Cities Environrnental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang l Question #55. How much money would you afford and willing to pay for waste water fee monthly? Question #55.1. How much money would you afford and willing to pay for waste water from domestic (eating, drinking, bathing, washing) fee monthly? 0 35 8.2 24 10.6 < 5,000 VND 184 43.3 97 42.7 | 5,000 - 10,000 VND 196 46.1 103 45.4 >10,000 VND 10 2.4 3 1.3 I Question #55.2. How much money would you afford and willing to pay for waste water from toilet fee monthly? 0 53 12.5 34 15 < 5,000 VND 182 42.8 100 44.1 5,000 -10,000 VND 181 42.6 91 40.1 >10,000 VND 9 2.1 2 0.9 3 Question #55.3. Which payment method is convenient to your family? Every month 432 96.4 237 97.1 Every 3 months 10 2.2 4 1.6 Every 12 months 1 0.2 1 0.4 I Others 5 1.1 2 0.8 Question #56. In your opinion, how reasonable for raising the waste water fee? Increase 5% yearly compare 69 15.3 39 15.9 with initial price Increase 10% yearly 19 4.2 8 3.3 compare with initial price Increase in price after 3 97 21.6 42 17.1 I years Increase in price after 5 212 47.1 126 51.4 years Others 53 11.8 30 12.2 Question #57. Do you have willingness to have a hygiene waste collection service in your living | ~~~area? Yes 217 47.3 124 49.4 Question #57.1. Yes, because Do not have waste 12 5.5 8 6.5 collection service * Have already waste collection service but not so 127 58.5 74 59.7 I good Not be stagnant and 78 35.9 44 35.5 environment polluted Environmental Assessment Annex 3 - 5 Annex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure l Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nlia Trang Annex 3.2 Summary of Socio-Economic Survey and Household Consultations | September - October 2005 I. Objectives: * Evaluate the current socio-economic condition of households, including detailed following: - The current demographic condition of households, income and expenditures of households. Percentage comparison of expenditures of activities against those of drainage and sanitation in a household. - The existing condition of households' water supplies and water-closet. - The existing condition of households' domestic drainage system and public drainage. - The current public health, especially transmissible diseases. * Study the demand of various economic communities of sanitation services, capital and paymen-t capacity, acceptable capacity of service. Detailed objectives includes: | - Possibility of connection the domestic drainage and the system of effluents from households with public drainage system of city. Possibility of participation of community in project's activities. I - Capacity of capital and payment for the public drainage system connection. - Possibility of acceptance, choices of sanitary services and possibility of choices of payment methods related to future sanitary services. - Impacts of project on the life of community. - Reasons of households that want or don't want to join the project. | - Recommendation of community to the project. 3 2. Participants: Summary of Participants of Focused Group Discussions: Na Trang U Date Type / Focus of Meeting Male Female Total | _ Sept. 20 Leader group discussion for Vinh Phuoc Ward 14 2 16 Community group discussion for Vinh Phuoc Ward 7 5 13 * Sept. 21 Leader group discussion for Phuoc Tan Ward 23 11 34 ____ Community group discussion for Phuoc Tan Ward 11 3 14 Sept. 22 Leader group discussion for Phuong Sai Ward 9 3 12 | Community group discussion of Phuong Sai Ward 6 7 13 Total 70 32 102 Sept. 22 Training of Nha Trang household surveyors 3 12 15 l Environmental Assessment Annex 3 - 6 Annex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure l Coastal Cities Enviroiinierital Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranig 3. Results of Focused Group Discussions - Total: 460 households were included in the socio-economic surveys + 20 households for backup + 20 households in 460 households for review . - 3 groups of discussion representing for the People's Committee of wards includes chairman or vice chairman of committee, chairman of women union, representatives of medical station, geological officials in 3 wards: Vinh Phuoc, Phuoc Tan, Phuong2Sai ( 15 people per group) | - 3 groups of discussion representing for local people includes well-off, average, poor households in 3 wards: Vinh Phuoc, Phuoc Tan, Phuong Sai (15 households in which 7 males and 8 females per group) General information of wards 1. Vinh Phuoc Ward: Representative of poor ward, far from the center - Total HHs in 2004 :4,675, population of 25,986, with 10 Khom - Rate of poor HHs :13.3% (income < 260,OOONVD/month) J 2. Phuong Sai Ward: representative of rich ward, center of city - Total HHs in 2004 :2,845, population of 11,322, with 4 Khom - Rate of poor HHs : 0.6% (income < 260,OO0NVD/month) 3 3. Phuoc Tan Ward: representative of average ward, center of city - 2004 Total HHs in : 2,323, population of 14,677, with 6 Khom - Rate of poor HHs : 9.98% (income < 260,000NVD/month) Existing drainage systems / environmental sanitation conditions * Vinh Phuoc Ward 3 - Ha Phuoc Area: the flooding area in rainy season is about 2,000m2, average flooding depth is 0.6m, the number of HHs suffered flood is about 60HHs. - Ha Ra Area: the flooding area in rainy season is about 1,400m2, average flooding depth is | 0.5m, the number of HHs suffered flood is about 40HHs. Households from Hien Nhi and Son Ca alleys said that the existing drainage systems at these areas are in bad condition, there are few households encroached Cai river to build their house. * - Son Thuy Area: the flooding area in rainy season is about 1,800m2, average flooding depth is 0.5m, the number of HHs suffered flood is about 50HHs. | - Truong Phuc 2 Area: according to the surveyed people, the wastewater from households those do not have toilet is discharged directly to river. This situation brings about | environmental pollution. The frequency of flood in above areas is 1 to 2 times/ year, the duration that the rain rainwater pulled out is 3-4 days or longer. The reasons of flood are upstream flow and lack of drainage systems. 3 Phuong Sai Ward - Phuong An Area: Few households which are trading at sidewalk throw solid waste to the street. The 4 To area (at Ba Trieu Road) is flooded frequently in rainy season and flood lasts | in 1 hour after raining. The air in Thai Nguyen Area is polluted by odor from temporary solid waste gathering station. The households in this area do not support the temporary solid Environmental Assessment Anniex 3 - 7 Annex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Tranrg waster gathering station is located at Child House of Culture because it is not good-looking and causes environmental pollution. 3 - Doc Lap Area: The intersection of I e Hong Phong - Tran Quy Cap is frequently flooded when it InVan Ky park, the public awareness is not positive. Disposal of solid waste and rain. Vo rash excretion frequently happen causing environmental pollution and hinder aesthetic aspect of the city. The illegal connections from households to city's drainage system lead to water pollution. The number of these connections could not be determined because the connections 3 are conducted at night. - Cui Dong Area: Kim Bong river is polluted at the moment, the households which are living 3 close to river are suffered contamination from solid waste of their own and from upstream. There are about 40 HHs of 19 and 20 To are affected by the river. There is 1 public toilet at ward's area, but it is contaminated because of the low awareness of users who are traders at Phuong Son market. - Cui Tay Area: The old drainage system is replaced by the new one, but the capacity of new 3 sewages is not enough for the flow of household's wastewater, lead to block and stagnant. At 27 and 28 To of Phan Dinh Giot Road, there are about 40 HHs are frequently flooded in heavy rain, some of them have to pump water out of house. There are about 20 HHs at Tran | Quy Cap road also suffer this situation. - Can Giang Area: there are 2 public toilets, however, they are contaminated by odor. According to the head of community, solid waste and wastewater from one of these toilets are discharged directly to Kim Bong river and pollute the water. Some houses have elevation 3 which is lower than that of public toilet, so the flooding in rainy season causes difficulties for life of people living around public toilet. Furthermore, solid waste and wastewater frorn Phuong Son market flow to Kim bong river so it is called a "dead river". | Phuoc Tan Ward - Thai Nguyen Area: according to the households living in this area, the environment pollution and stagnant water happen due to solid waste from train and people living around. The sewages at To 1, 2, 3, 4 are usually blocked up. The sewages at Do Bo area are installed 5 I years ago, but this area is still flooded within 3-4 hours after heavy rain. - Vuong Duong Area: This is poor area of the ward, most of them live in one-floor houses, the situation of pond, wastewater without drainage system in rainy season results in | environmental pollution and affected to people. Many open sewers still exists here. - Quoc Tuan Area: Swamp of wastewater, sanitary waste in rainy season from households | living in 1-5-6 sections are still existing. - May Nuoc Area: It is flooded in 1-3-5-6 sections, it takes 20 minutes for water to drain off all after heavy rain. - Dong Dua Area: the situation of pond and flood still happen in 1-2-3-5 sections after heavy 3 rain, leading to flood in Lac Long Quan street. - Au Co Area: section 6 is suffered from Dong Dua area. Drainage system has been degraded seriously, most of drainage systems were built in 1970. l Environmental Assessment Annex 3 - 8 Annex 3: Public Consultation and Disclosure Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nhia Trang Public Consultation for Nha Trang EA 5 ANNEX 3.3 List of Participants and Minutes of 2nd (held Dec. 30, 2005) | Total number of participants from local agencies, PMUs of related projects, VIWASE: 6 persons. 3 STT Ho vA^ ten Dia chi (eJ qoci) So tiZrn Ky nhan 1 /\/,-f'.z~ (g z .i '/ 2c?1Nt'.//-. /'r /'G ._ /-C 3 . 7 'T2 N

' f.t ,A2/'A~V t&'Y' . 7 )'.k -~~~~T W7 K 8 Z1 U-AJc ) et~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 IL) co SurveyI0) No. o Efc 0 noOthers n e o 0)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a 0 C C(0 0~~~) 750 1 Tran Thi Ne 4 20 -50m NA NA NA NA NA I 2 Nguyen Vien 4 0 -20 m NA NA NA 2 NA ~ ~ ~~~~~ NguyenlThi 1 1200 m 1 2 2 2 2 Xuan g 4 NgyeLanh 1 1150Iver) ai m 2 2 2 2 2 M. Should have WWTP for each collect solid wastes In canal.u Lanh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ward. Wastewater fromi fishi 5 Nguyen Ngoc tot 1 1200 m 1 1 2 1 1 processing factories shiould l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ be treated before discharge. Treat discharges from fish processing factories. Should 6 Pham Ngo 1 300 m NA NA NA NA NA have measures to improve long term environmental Annex 3:PublicConsultation.andD econditions. l 7 Lam Van Duy 1 1,700 m (where outlet canal meets 2 CaiRiver) NA NA 2 NA Dredge sludge could be re- uembankmrient Reuarly ~~~~~~~~~collect solid wastes in canal. 1 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NA - no 1 =Light Mitigation Effect 2 =Moderate Mitigation Effect answer I~ ~~~~niomna sesetAnx3-1 I~ ~ ~~ne :Pbi oslainadDslsr Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) Nha Trang ANNEX 3.5 Disclosure Letter for Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) Report I THE SOCIALIST REPUNILIC OF VIFTNAM Independence - Freodoin - Happiniess Nio Tranpr. Jar. ua 17 2?',}-D 3 Frora: Mr. Tran Vair. Huy Director of (QI t 'Jhon C ty Proje-t lireparatickn Ur it .Y-n S-'., >Je^a Trarn, City, Khan h HD,:.Orovince 5E,Ye To. Kr. \Yiiifliani Kingrdom IqLk -Thamrn d,rLcr 3|\'VNrld rer1t I Sa,i lKri krojeo. Vi+rn-- nCna1;al Cjtje Fi .iviijil Rank i 'VietNpa-rl I . Rof: ApprovaIl and disclosurG of: Environmrntal Guida]in&3 [EG' and Environrmcntal implact Assessmc'nt (EIA) Dear M/lr. WINami K.rigrdro, lv;/Oo aro very p-oac to subrmit to -'cbL: t1'a followinq d3cLIrmonm,'7or,rcrts- E£ryr,'arm'.nvimj ia (EG) *r/I~iflmeii~ar ~ a,] ~Zm -. /rroac A.ss*-ne nr F' . (EI,43 - (E f Jcrn-i/C2a-wi Cl'-s1 IFry!-nnnGl1S<2r¢Jr>airtp aIeScT-.Vh; Tn9 C.ify E!?vfronj-ci(oJ,' anftr SubI-pr,ul.ec - rGg P-.ase 1 for vcur rwi;s' sri corsicisradon. * Accorling to e 9-uideli:es on safe,-uarrw p3lizies cf tre V'or,. Bank. t:-e docue-n*ts follo\wrng loca,Dns fcr local mus' 'oe f-T.n31l\i d1spla3yed at th-ie Gitize i.\GCs a-rwel: as I *atlier's reference an,d comments: 1. The zrl. San, I:rors'.op :r l.VashingtDn DC, USA 2. The Vie-Tarm Developmen- Informction Center of -The '.Wil Bank at C-'; Lf Tl'-ai T- sireet, Ha Ni. Viet Narn -j. Nha Trang rity People s Cr½mmitee, De3artmenint ol. a.int Resourc oa3 5r.vAonment, NJha TraE city Lint ef Natiral R.esouzr:es er.d Envircrinieritn end Z