Enterprise Surveys from 106 Countries: Training, Productivity and Wages by Firm Size Firm Offers Formal Training Labor Productivity Wages Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Average 27.7% 42.7% 66.0% 100.0 719.2 561.4 100.0 129.9 159.8 25th percentile 15.9% 28.1% 49.4% 100.0 75.0 60.3 100.0 91.7 101.9 Median 25.3% 39.8% 66.2% 100.0 122.6 109.6 100.0 121.0 134.4 75th percentile 37.5% 55.6% 83.6% 100.0 191.5 212.0 100.0 150.4 192.7 # Obs. 106 103 103 99 102 102 100 106 106 103 Region Country (Year) Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Small Medium Large AFR Angola2010 20.6% 21.5% 39.8% 100.0 16.1 58.7 100.0 85.3 6.4 AFR Benin2009 20.1% 22.3% 69.5% 100.0 592.0 539.8 100.0 420.6 547.0 AFR Botswana2010 42.7% 59.5% 76.4% 100.0 47.4 32.5 100.0 181.1 99.1 AFR BurkinaFaso2009 17.2% 39.8% 39.6% 100.0 62.5 68.4 100.0 114.6 102.1 AFR Burundi2006 20.5% 22.1% 38.9% 100.0 120.7 132.1 100.0 136.1 168.0 AFR Cameroon2009 13.6% 30.0% 53.1% 100.0 547.1 658.2 100.0 148.8 329.7 AFR CapeVerde2009 6.0% 53.4% 84.2% 100.0 8029.3 123.6 100.0 148.9 162.2 AFR Chad2009 36.9% 53.8% 61.0% 100.0 90.7 44.8 100.0 288.1 391.2 AFR Congo2009 27.5% 45.9% 70.3% 100.0 118.7 111.3 100.0 121.1 276.3 AFR DRC2010 17.5% 38.1% 54.3% 100.0 3.6 32.4 100.0 274.3 441.6 AFR Eritrea2009 21.6% 33.0% 49.5% 100.0 141.1 61.2 100.0 133.6 148.0 AFR Gabon2009 21.3% 35.9% 86.6% 100.0 49.8 10.1 100.0 119.5 103.5 AFR Gambia2006 22.6% 18.8% 100.0% 100.0 137.3 203.9 100.0 174.0 111.6 AFR Ghana2007 27.8% 31.6% 77.1% 100.0 131.3 176.7 100.0 120.3 168.2 AFR Guinea2006 18.1% 13.8% 100.0% 100.0 305.0 288.6 100.0 105.6 268.8 AFR GuineaBissau2006 7.6% 29.2% 100.0 417.3 234.4 100.0 66.1 AFR IvoryCoast2009 13.6% 28.7% 65.2% 100.0 270.2 1092.2 100.0 164.0 461.9 AFR Kenya2007 100.0 1277.8 433.5 100.0 233.3 207.8 AFR Lesotho2009 34.3% 53.4% 90.5% 100.0 120.5 30.1 100.0 130.6 158.9 AFR Liberia2009 16.1% 23.7% 52.1% 100.0 201.5 18.6 100.0 25.1 27.6 AFR Madagascar2009 23.6% 27.7% 39.1% 100.0 116.1 77.6 100.0 54.5 41.0 AFR Malawi2009 53.0% 38.5% 53.9% 100.0 508.0 416.9 100.0 175.7 250.3 AFR Mali2010 29.7% 43.8% 29.7% 100.0 21.3 9.6 100.0 96.0 102.7 AFR Mauritania2006 21.2% 28.1% 56.5% 100.0 255.6 456.8 100.0 124.3 107.3 AFR Mauritius2009 15.1% 39.4% 75.4% 100.0 7.2 10.5 100.0 81.7 54.7 AFR Mozambique2007 11.9% 30.9% 66.8% 100.0 48807.0 26190.2 100.0 111.5 180.0 AFR Namibia2006 33.5% 43.7% 92.1% 100.0 143.3 88.3 100.0 91.4 338.2 AFR Niger2009 29.6% 28.2% 100.0% 100.0 431.8 78.7 100.0 188.0 126.1 AFR Nigeria2007 100.0 146.9 323.5 100.0 155.1 202.3 AFR Rwanda2006 7.7% 22.7% 58.6% 100.0 157.3 176.0 100.0 150.5 212.0 AFR Senegal2007 12.2% 25.0% 64.9% 100.0 173.3 377.9 100.0 227.8 281.4 AFR SierraLeone2009 15.8% 37.3% 31.6% 100.0 13.9 8.5 100.0 154.6 227.9 AFR SouthAfrica2007 24.2% 42.5% 65.8% 100.0 133.0 239.5 100.0 137.0 250.8 AFR Swaziland2006 31.7% 37.5% 74.2% 100.0 140.3 142.5 100.0 125.9 134.4 AFR Tanzania2006 28.8% 37.1% 65.1% 100.0 281.0 483.1 100.0 138.7 214.7 AFR Togo2009 23.8% 37.9% 35.7% 100.0 152.0 332.2 100.0 190.9 237.4 AFR Uganda2006 28.1% 38.7% 62.2% 100.0 156.4 215.1 100.0 125.0 219.3 AFR Zambia2007 18.6% 31.0% 45.5% 100.0 90.7 70.5 100.0 140.5 118.5 EAP Fiji2009 43.3% 70.3% 82.1% 100.0 63.1 49.2 100.0 164.8 89.8 EAP Indonesia2009 2.8% 13.2% 37.5% 100.0 179.3 496.9 100.0 147.2 174.5 EAP LaoPDR2009 0.6% 22.2% 57.8% 100.0 112.9 100.5 100.0 144.0 188.7 EAP Micronesia2009 64.2% 50.0% 100.0 251.2 100.0 63.9 EAP Philippines2009 14.7% 31.9% 60.0% 100.0 125.5 136.9 100.0 110.3 70.7 EAP Samoa2009 69.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0 252.0 13.7 100.0 77.5 39.8 EAP TimorLeste2009 40.3% 54.9% 88.3% 100.0 89.9 94.1 EAP Tonga2009 11.7% 9.9% 100.0 31.5 100.0 113.9 EAP Vanuatu2009 63.2% 15.2% 100.0 82.8 77.5 100.0 87.3 173.7 EAP Vietnam2009 10.6% 49.6% 52.7% 100.0 106.3 88.7 100.0 86.3 96.3 ECA Albania2007 12.5% 20.0% 53.3% 100.0 123.5 64.7 100.0 98.0 60.4 ECA Armenia2009 5.7% 43.5% 48.2% 100.0 15.5 8.1 100.0 80.1 81.7 ECA Azerbaijan2009 0.3% 26.3% 13.8% 100.0 60.2 51.8 100.0 131.5 128.9 ECA Belarus2008 40.6% 20.1% 68.4% 100.0 151.5 72.3 100.0 128.3 92.6 ECA Bosnia2009 46.0% 77.8% 80.8% 100.0 106.5 44.4 100.0 46.6 50.6 Page 1 of 4 Enterprise Surveys from 106 Countries: Training, Productivity and Wages by Firm Size Firm Offers Formal Training Labor Productivity Wages Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Small Medium Large ECA Bulgaria2009 28.8% 28.1% 43.6% 100.0 103.9 137.9 100.0 88.5 104.8 ECA Croatia2007 16.8% 38.0% 57.3% 100.0 33.4 47.8 100.0 164.1 92.0 ECA CzechRepublic2009 70.6% 67.6% 78.1% 100.0 200.8 205.7 100.0 91.0 79.9 ECA Estonia2009 53.8% 92.4% 71.0% 100.0 82.1 88.6 100.0 31.1 35.7 ECA FYROM2009 14.4% 18.7% 42.8% 100.0 124.2 53.5 100.0 232.4 128.4 ECA Georgia2008 10.1% 17.6% 44.8% 100.0 183.7 129.4 100.0 118.7 175.3 ECA Hungary2009 11.0% 5.3% 45.5% 100.0 47.2 112.4 100.0 113.1 131.2 ECA Kazakhstan2009 29.0% 44.2% 50.5% 100.0 68.4 65.1 100.0 92.9 101.8 ECA Kosovo2009 17.4% 41.8% 100.0% 100.0 54.4 64.0 ECA Kyrgyzstan2009 31.1% 22.2% 44.3% 100.0 125.7 60.8 100.0 129.8 110.7 ECA Latvia2009 35.9% 44.4% 77.0% 100.0 105.1 135.7 100.0 108.0 190.3 ECA Lithuania2009 26.1% 70.1% 52.6% 100.0 126.9 107.5 100.0 150.5 142.7 ECA Moldova2009 25.3% 38.7% 47.3% 100.0 121.8 107.1 100.0 87.2 125.0 ECA Mongolia2009 59.7% 56.9% 88.9% 100.0 194.1 152.2 100.0 74.3 121.9 ECA Montenegro2009 16.9% 44.4% 34.4% 100.0 29.9 32.1 100.0 124.4 125.0 ECA Poland2009 48.4% 73.4% 80.7% 100.0 141.1 185.8 100.0 162.0 145.1 ECA Romania2009 15.2% 39.8% 30.5% 100.0 47.0 219.3 100.0 131.8 111.8 ECA Russia2009 23.3% 42.5% 73.1% 100.0 68.1 213.7 100.0 75.8 105.3 ECA Serbia2009 28.3% 35.2% 59.1% 100.0 99.5 107.2 100.0 99.0 164.7 ECA Slovakia2009 25.8% 50.0% 59.9% 100.0 70.6 70.2 100.0 80.8 70.7 ECA Slovenia2009 34.9% 47.4% 91.8% 100.0 26.4 29.8 100.0 42.9 44.2 ECA Tajikistan2008 13.3% 19.7% 35.6% 100.0 205.5 62.0 100.0 87.6 109.2 ECA Turkey2008 16.6% 34.1% 53.8% 100.0 832.5 33.3 100.0 98.2 76.1 ECA Ukraine2008 15.0% 29.8% 40.0% 100.0 40.6 40.4 100.0 127.9 113.9 ECA Uzbekistan2008 3.9% 21.3% 30.0% 100.0 102.1 13032.7 100.0 174.3 164.5 LAC Argentina2010 58.3% 66.4% 81.6% 100.0 65.0 95.0 100.0 120.9 240.6 LAC Bahamas2010 19.4% 56.0% 74.5% 100.0 234.3 320.8 100.0 145.4 160.3 LAC Barbados2010 26.3% 45.1% 76.2% 100.0 93.2 107.8 100.0 98.2 108.5 LAC Bolivia2010 31.5% 80.4% 84.0% 100.0 84.2 171.7 100.0 166.8 112.0 LAC Brazil2009 25.6% 61.1% 66.2% 100.0 65.0 86.9 100.0 154.8 272.3 LAC Chile2010 26.5% 57.5% 90.7% 100.0 94.8 178.3 100.0 137.0 162.6 LAC Colombia2010 63.6% 53.7% 94.2% 100.0 133.0 392.8 100.0 70.3 138.7 LAC CostaRica2010 41.9% 62.8% 89.8% 100.0 200.0 125.3 100.0 206.9 158.1 LAC DominicanRepublic2010 44.7% 72.5% 82.8% 100.0 159.1 77.9 100.0 108.1 116.6 LAC Ecuador2010 58.7% 75.0% 87.3% 100.0 88.6 195.1 LAC ElSalvador2010 52.4% 65.3% 88.2% 100.0 97.7 78.2 100.0 118.1 83.7 LAC Grenada2010 37.3% 65.0% 74.7% 100.0 114.7 55.8 100.0 90.6 79.3 LAC Guatemala2010 37.7% 60.8% 91.6% 100.0 221.9 237.9 100.0 198.2 264.6 LAC Guyana2010 46.8% 68.6% 81.4% 100.0 72.6 50.6 100.0 114.2 302.7 LAC Honduras2010 19.3% 59.2% 83.2% 100.0 40.2 37.3 100.0 103.1 161.8 LAC Jamaica2010 20.4% 32.1% 69.3% 100.0 88.7 398.4 100.0 88.8 161.3 LAC Mexico2010 42.4% 57.2% 89.0% 100.0 367.5 324.7 100.0 150.2 214.1 LAC Nicaragua2010 30.5% 76.4% 81.6% 100.0 162.3 148.9 100.0 318.1 348.2 LAC Panama2010 6.5% 13.6% 41.0% 100.0 594.4 1493.8 100.0 123.8 39.2 LAC Paraguay2010 30.6% 72.3% 92.1% 100.0 323.7 147.4 100.0 179.5 145.4 LAC Peru2010 43.2% 80.6% 94.1% 100.0 48.7 41.5 100.0 144.5 403.8 LAC StKittsandNevis2010 44.6% 55.1% 90.1% 100.0 146.2 163.7 100.0 100.2 118.2 LAC StVincentandGrenadines2010 42.2% 54.5% 100.0% 100.0 149.0 118.0 100.0 101.2 109.2 LAC TrinidadandTobago2010 21.5% 42.8% 55.6% 100.0 90.3 73.4 100.0 95.1 98.0 LAC Uruguay2010 44.0% 51.0% 85.5% 100.0 111.5 151.6 100.0 104.1 155.9 SAR Bangladesh2007 100.0 243.3 211.4 100.0 240.2 164.7 SAR Bhutan2009 19.9% 26.7% 49.3% 100.0 133.2 164.6 SAR Nepal2009 7.5% 10.6% 43.7% 100.0 95.1 166.4 100.0 104.1 129.4 Page 2 of 4 Enterprise Surveys from 106 Countries: Training, Productivity and Wages by Firm Size Firm Offers Formal Training Labor Productivity Wages Region Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Small Medium Large World Average (106 countries) 27.7% 42.7% 66.0% 100.0 35.2 65.4 100.0 120.6 147.1 Sub-Saharan Africa 22.6% 34.6% 63.6% 100.0 32.6 61.4 100.0 139.9 188.1 East Asia & the Pacific 32.1% 41.7% 68.3% 100.0 171.2 70.8 100.0 101.0 146.7 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 25.9% 40.4% 56.6% 100.0 191.4 168.8 100.0 110.9 103.9 Latin America & the Caribbean 36.6% 59.4% 81.8% 100.0 182.8 335.4 100.0 128.8 147.6 South Asia Region 13.7% 18.6% 46.5% 100.0 137.6 179.3 100.0 140.0 149.6 Firm size: Small < 20 employees Medium 20-99 employees Large 100+ employees x1 Labor Productivity Wages Firm Offers (Small = 100%) (Small = 100%) Formal Training Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Median 100.0% 122.6% 109.6% 100.0% 121.0% 134.4% 25.3% 39.8% 66.2% Large firms are more productive, offer higher wages and more training Large Firm Offers Training Formal Medium Small (Small = 100%) Large Wages Medium Small Labor Productivity (Small = 100%) Large Medium Small 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% Firm size: Small < 20 employees Medium 20-99 employees Large 100+ employees