RP650 V5 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN FOR SEGNO GEBEYA -SALAYSH GRAVEL ROAD SUB PROJECT Desssie City Administration Consultant: Amhara Design and Supervision Works Enterprise (ADSWE) May 5, 2014 Dessie , Ethiopia Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 1 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... vii 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................17 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 17 1.2 Profile of Project Area/Dessie.................................................................................... 18 1.3 Objective and Scope of the Resettlement Action Plan .......................................... 20 1.4 Specific Objectives of the RAP: ................................................................................ 21 1.5 Constraints to the Study ............................................................................................. 21 2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT .........................................................23 2.1 Positive Impacts ........................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Adverse Impacts. ......................................................................................................... 23 2.3 Vulnerable Groups ...................................................................................................... 24 3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .....................................................................25 3.1 Data Sources................................................................................................................ 26 3.2 Key Informant Interview, Community Meeting, and Household Survey ............. 27 3.3 Asset Inventory Survey ............................................................................................... 28 4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY &IMPACT ANALYSIS ...........................................29 4.1 Demography of Households ...................................................................................... 29 4.2 Education Level ........................................................................................................... 31 4.3 Household Income ...................................................................................................... 33 4.4 Inventory of Affected Houses .................................................................................... 37 4.5 Value of Lost Structures and Assets ........................................................................ 38 4.6 Loss of Trees................................................................................................................ 44 Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page ii Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 4.7 Impact on Livelihood ................................................................................................... 45 4.8 Social Institutions ......................................................................................................... 46 4.9 Relocation Cost of Public Utilities ............................................................................. 47 4.10 Summary for Estimated Value of Lost Asset ....................................................... 48 5 LEGAL ISSUES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................50 5.1 Legal Framework ......................................................................................................... 50 5.1.1 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement ....51 5.2 Eligibility and Entitlement ........................................................................................... 52 6 VALUATION OF ASSETS AND COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES .................57 6.1 Compensation for Land .............................................................................................. 57 6.2 Land Redistribution for Commercial Businesses.................................................... 57 6.3 Compensation for Loss of Assets ............................................................................. 57 6.4 Compensation for Temporary Rental Houses ........................................................ 58 6.5 Compensation award and Public grievance redress ............................................. 58 7 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation ......................................................59 7.1 Site selection ................................................................................................................ 59 7.2 Site Preparation, and Relocation .............................................................................. 61 7.3 Housing, Infrastructure and Social services Delivery at new site ........................ 61 8. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................63 8.1. Consultations with Dessie City Administration Service Office ................................. 65 8.2. Consultations with Kebele Administration ............................................................... 66 8.3. Integration with Host Populations ............................................................................. 66 9. PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS APPEALS AND GRIEVANCE ...............67 9.1. Grievance Redressal Mechanism ................................................................................ 67 Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page iii Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 10. Institutional framework and Capacity Assessment for the RAP implementation ....................................................................................................................68 11. Implementation Schedule of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) ................69 11.1. Livelihoods Restoration Strategies ............................................................................ 69 11.2. Implementation Activities ........................................................................................ 70 12. COSTS AND BUDGET .........................................................................................74 13. Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................76 a. Monitoring of the Resettlement Action Plan Implementation ................................... 76 b. Internal Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 76 c. External Monitoring ......................................................................................................... 78 d. . Evaluation....................................................................................................................... 78 e. Impact Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 79 f. Completion Audit ............................................................................................................. 79 g. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 79 14. REFERENCES......................................................................................................102 Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page iv Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ANRS Amhara National Regional State BOEPLAU Bureau for Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use CBDSD Capacity Building for Decentralized Service Delivery EA Environmental Assessment EEPCo Ethiopian Electric power Corporation EPA Environmental Protection Authority ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ETB Ethiopian Birr ETC Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation FHH Female Household GoE Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GPS Global Positioning System GRC Grievance Redressal Committee PAH Project Affected Household HH Household HHH Household Head IDA International Development Association M and E Monitoring and Evaluation MHH Male Household MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MoWUD Ministry of Works and Urban Development MWUD Ministry of Works and Urban Development NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OoEPLAU Office of the Environment Protection, Land Administration and Use OP Operational Policy (World Bank) ORDA Organisation for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children PAD Project Appraisal Document PAP Project Affected Person PIU Project Implementation Unit PLC Private Limited Company RAP Resettlement Action Plan RoW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan RPC Regional Project Coordinator RPCO Regional Project Coordination Office RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RRF Resettlement and Rehabilitation Framework ToR Terms of Reference ULGDP Urban Local Government Development Project ULGs Urban Local Governments WoFED Woreda Office of Finance and Economic Development Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page v Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page vi Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Description of the proposed project This Resettlement action plan is prepared as part of the planning process of the city administration of Desssie to construct 2 KMs with30mtr width gravel road stretching from salyish to Segno Gebyea that crosses two kebles,Kebele 01&02.Salaysh-Segno Gebeya Road Project is an ULGDP project in Desie city envisaged to upgrade the existing 10 meters wide sub- standard road to a 30 meters wide all weather asphalt road. The construction activities include the construction of camp site, Impact of the Project: Acquisition of land and housing structures The proposed road construction project requires the acquisition of land and removal of structures mainly houses both private and keble owned kiosks and trees. Thus, the implementation of the project needs the demolition of 221 houses, kiosks trees & public infrastructures. Thus, as a result of the implementation of the proposed project 221 houses, kiosks, public infrastructures and 746 trees will be completely demolished. Project affected people According to the data collected from affected households in the project area, a total of 229 households including “ Debal�1 (there are 16 household heads that are living in 8 houses as debals) will be affected. In addition two government offices owned by Ethio-Tele-Com Company and Desie Zuria Woreda administration will be affected by the project. Thus, a total population of 1251 individuals across the two Kebels will be affected due to the implementation of the proposed gravel road project The total estimated values of assets that will be lost due to the implementation of the project have been estimated by the valuation committee: The committee estimated 11,055,296.45 Birr for Houses/Structures, 23,660.00 Birr for Trees, 350,000.00 Birr for Tele communication line poles, 27,443.40 Birr for Electric line poles, 27,970.10 Birr for Electric Transformer and 450,000 Birr is for the three months temporary house rent expenses for residence .For business operators(21hhs) their structure will not be demolished until they completed the construction in the new place. In addition the RAP includes 452,000.00 birr to construct 74 new kebele houses and to cover other relocation costs. Thus, the total cost to implement this resettlement action plan is Birr 13,010,937.90. The socio-economic survey result shows that out of the total 229 households 84 households are female headed and 62 households are headed by elderly people with age of above 64 years. Out of the total project affected population about 11 percent were illiterate which is 15 percent 1 Debal is kind of house arrangement that two families live in one house. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page vii Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise for female and 8 percent for male indicating the existence of gender disparity in education. In general the education level of majority of the Project affected population is Secondary School level accounting 42 percent of the population followed by Primary School which has 25 percent share. Number of Income Earner Household Members varies among the households ranging from zero to eight people per family. Majority of the income earner people are business persons with share of 30 percent followed by government employee, day laborer, and retired with corresponding shares of 25%, 12% and 9% in respective order. Day laborers and retired people who have the lowest income and more vulnerable to economic shocks relative to others account 12 and 9 percent of the income earning people respectively. Despite the possible loss of personal properties project affected people who participated in the consultation meetings expressed their full support f or the development. However, t he y r a is ed t he following concer ns : a. How compensation for project targeted properties will be determined and paid? b. When and how their houses will be demolished? c. Where and how they will stay until their houses erected in new residential area d. Where and how the kebele tenants will get another house? In responding to their concerns the city administration assures that each PAPs resettlement will be treated as per RPF. Thus, compensation will be provided based on current market price at replacement cost. In addition the city administration also agreed to provide 171 sqm land (a minimum standard land size in Dessie) to construct houses in the new site. For kebele tenants the city administration arranged a replacement house by classifying tenants in to two categories. For those old and disabled the city administration identified a vacant replacement house in the old residential area. For the rest the city administration agreed to construct new house in a place that has been chosen in consultation with PAPs. In addition for those living as “Debal� the city administration agreed to provide separate house for each Debal in the new residential area. For PAPs(both tenants& private land holders) who used their structure for business and residence the city administration agreed to provide a working place (market shade) of 2.20mx3.75m at Segno Gebeya. In addition the city Administration will provide a standard land to private land holders to construct their residence house. Since the majority of PAPs land holding in the project area is smaller than the current standard of the city administration all will have a replacement land of as per minimum standard which is 171sqm. For tenants who use the structure for residence only the city administration will have construct 74 new houses in the selected sites of keble 01 and 02. The houses will be constructed in 24sqm area and each house will have 2 rooms. For private land holders (21 hhs) who use their Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page viii Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise structure for business only the city administration has to give standard size of land along the road side in both kebles. For those who have container kiosks the city administration prepared land to install their container along the road side of both kebles(01&02). The new residential site (tenants and private owners) selected for PAPs resettlement is located near to the existing residential area (0.5Km away). It has been selected with full participation of PAPs. The PAPs expressed their willingness to resettle in the mentioned site because the site is near to the old residential area and it has all infrastructures (water, electricity feeder road etc). In addition since it is not far from the existing residence PAPs can access social services (Health, School and other services) without additional cost of transport and other cost and their social network such as Idir equib and other formal and informal networks will not be affected. After reviewing the compensation method and rate and other assistances PAPs expressed their approval and agreement with their signature. A record of the consultations made along with names and telephone numbers (where available) and summarized minutes of the meetings are appended to the study report duly supported by photographs. Public consultation The city administration together with the consulting firm undertook over six community consultations. In addition stakeholder workshops and meetings were conducted with representatives from Dessie Woreda Kebele administration offices and project affected people. The entitlement application were disseminated and discussed across all Kebeles affected by the project. The cut-off date for determining beneficiaries was established, which was the date the baseline survey was completed September 24/2012 and it has been communicated to the PAPs. Vulnerable social Groups: though the entire community along the row of the proposed project faces the adverse impact of the project some social groups are more vulnerable relative to others due to cultural, social, and economic factors. Vulnerable social groups in the context of the project area are poor female-headed households & elderly and disable households. These people need special attention during resettlement process. By understanding this fact the city administration gave special emphasis for these PAPs during resettlement. For example the city administration has prepared a replacement house in the old residential area for the identified vulnerable households of kebele tenants. Impact category and loss of assets Use of Category Description # of Property structures Business Residenc Both affected e A Private structures 80 21 35 24 Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page ix Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise B Kebele houses 108 17 72 19 C Kiosks 31 31 - - D Public structures 2 2 - - F Trees 746 Total 221 71 107 43 The mitigation recommendations presented in this report are developed based on the need to address fairly and equitably concerns raised by project affected people, which includes monetary compensation for loss of physical assets, moving expenses, provision of housing for kebele housing tenants and working places for kiosks and other keble tenants and private land holders who use the house for both purposes. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page x Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Entitlement Matrix Entitlement Re Impact category No. of mar Households k Private structures used 1. Compensation as per current market for business only price(Replacement cost) 2. Provision of replacement land of as per standard size of the city 3. .Moving allowance to transfer their property 4. Rights to salvage materials Private structures used 1. Compensation as per current market for both price(Replacement cost) and 2. Land as per standard of the city to construct their residence house 3. Working place(shade) which has equivalent access with the existing area to continue their business 4. Moving allowance to transfer their property 5. Rights to salvage materials Private structures used 1. Compensation as per current market for Res only price(replacement cost) 2. Land of same size to construct their house. 3. Moving allowance to transfer their 4. Rental assistance for three months 5. Rights to salvage materials Kebele Structures for 1. Moving allowance to transfer their business only property 2. Working place (shade) in the new area which has equivalent access with the existing area. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page xi Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Kebele Structures for 1. For those identified as vulnerable Res only Kebele tenant another Keble house will be provided in the existing area by identifying vacant houses 2. For non vulnerable groups city administration will construct new house in the selected area and will provide for each keble tenants. 3. Moving allowance Kebele Structures used 1. Will get another Keble house(newly for both business and residence constructed or existed) 2. Get working place(shade) with affordable rent 3. Moving allowance Kiosks 1. Relocation place which has equivalent access with the existing area to continue their business 2. Moving allowance Public utilities Compensation at replacement cost based on current market price. Trees Compensation at replacement cost as per current market price The size of e a c h property was physically measured with the presence of the property owners or their family members. The asset valuation and monetary worth estimates of the properties calculated based on the replacement cost of the properties as suggested by the Amhara Regional Government Guideline. As kiosks are easily moveable to the new area , only mobilization and installation costs are considered to be given for them. The total entitlements for project affected people including moving allowance and temporary rent fee is Birr 13,010,937.90.The agreement was verified with signatures and the meeting was video tapped for documentation. The kebele 01 and 02 administrations jointly worked and prepared the required land for construction of houses for project affected private owners and tenants. Currently, the two kebels land management technicians are jointly working to prepare site plans for the new residential area for tenants and private land holders and business areas for private holders. The selected area for the resettlement is the vacant land occupied by the municipality and since it is near to the existing area PAPs and other community members in the new residential area have different formal and informal networks. Thus, there is no identified party that can be considered as a host and there is no need to consult the host community. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page xii Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise However the whole community including PAPs was consulted during project identification and RAP preparation period. Disclosure and communication strategy: The entitlements applicable were disseminated and discussed across all project affected people. PAPs have expressed their approval with signatures. A grievance redressed committee has been formed to address grievances related with compensation and other assistances. PAPs have been chosen two representatives who serve as a grievance member. The detail grievance procedure and the list of grievance committee will be presented latter in this document. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page xiii Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Budget Estimate for RAP Implementation for Desie Road Project ITEM NO. COMPENSATION ITEM AMOUNT(Birr) Compensation Business and residential houses, kitchens, stores and 1 other structures 11,055,296.45 Compensation of temporary house rent till permanent relocation 450,000.00 compensation of trees 23,660.00 Relocation and other Resettlement implementation costs(such as construction of new keble houses) 452,000.00 2 Public Tele Infrastructures 350,000.00 Electric Infrastructures 55,413.50 Disclosure workshop 5,000.00 12,391,369.95 Sub Total Contingency (5%) 619,568.95 13,010,937.90 Grand Total After getting approval of this RAP from the World Bank this executive summary will be translated in to Amharic a local language and posted in different accessible areas of Dessie including the project area. Contact information Dessie City Administration, ULGDP office Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 14 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Tel. +25133-11-24-913 Mobile +251 913506611 Fax: +251331118570 Wondossen Abbi City manager, Diesse Complete RAP can be acquired from Dessie City Administration, ULGDP Office, Dessie Tel. +251 33-11-24-913 Mobile +251 913506611 Fax: +251331118570 Complaint contact information Utant Debebe chairman of grievance settling committee Tel. +251-911982710 Dessie . . 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background With financial support from World Bank Dessie City administration planned to construct the Salaysh-Segno Gebeya gravel road. Ethiopia’s emphasis on expanded investment in road has benefited urban and rural development in recent years. The Ministry of Works and Urban Development (MWUD) with the support of the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) developed the Urban Local Government Development Project (ULGDP), which was formally launched in September 2008. The ULGDP is a continuation of a program of reform by the Government of Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 15 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Ethiopia that started with the government’s creation of a new institutional and organizational framework for Urban Local Governments. The International Development Association of the World Bank provides financing for the ULGDP in which the Urban Local Governments (ULGs) and Regional Governments also Participate and provide funds to finance capital investment of ULGDP. As clearly defined by the Resettlement Framework (RPF) of the ULGDP document, the project is going to be carried out with socially acceptable and environmentally sustainable way with proper consideration of all affected parties. To effectively mitigate the involuntary resettlement this RAP is carried out. The RAP enables to identify the number of local residents affected by the project, the nature and degree of impact on them, measures to minimize the adverse effects, and compensation and other assistance to be delivered to affected people for unavoidable impacts to restore their livelihood. The predicted social impacts from the road project include the relocation of households and dwellings and other buildings within the row, business disturbance and generally the social fabric of the community. 1.2 Profile of Project Area/Dessie Dessie is one of the oldest cities in the country and the capital city of South Wollo Zone in the Amhara National Regional State. It is located on the Addis Ababa - Mekelle highway, at about 400 km distance from Addis Ababa, in the northern part of the country. The total population of Dessie town is estimated at about 174,705.The sex composition shows that the male population constitutes 84,224(48.21) and the female counterpart is 90,481(51.79). Dessie City, wherein Salaysh-Segno Gebeya Road Project is proposed, is one of the 19 cities that have been selected from Ethiopia for ULGDP project. The city was selected for two main reasons: a) it is important to focus on large sized investments so that substantial impact can be achieved – so as to avoid a large number of small investments that have little real impact; and b) to focus the ULGDP investment in those 18 cities that have already received substantial capacity building support through the CBDSD project, including development of 5 year capital investment plans, plus the capital city, Addis Ababa. The existing road is very narrow and damaged due to long age and luck of maintenance and it has its own limitations to the town and the transport service including taxi transport service, ambulance service and goods and commodity transportation. Therefore, communities are faced with difficulties to visit health centre, market and other services in time. Hence, the road will have high social and economic advantage to the Dessie town and the surrounding woredas especially to “west woredas� that have high agricultural production potential and delivers to the Dessie town dwellers. The proposed road is all weather gravel road with Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 16 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 30meter width and 2K.m length which is envisaged to be developed by upgrading the existing road. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 17 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Figure 1 Existing Road Fig ure 2 Proj ect roa d Location Map 1.3 Objective and Scope of the Resettlement Action Plan The general objective of the RAP for Dessie City Gravel Road Construction project is to identify the likelihood of social impacts of the proposed p r o j e c t on residents i n the Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 18 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise project site area and to suggest actions to mitigate the negative impacts associated with the development 1.4 Specific Objectives of the RAP:  To come up with clearly defined steps and actions to be taken by the City administration in response to adverse impacts of the intended project on social and economic lives of the project affected people based on the ULGDP resettlement policy frameworks, the country’s laws and The World Bank’s safeguard policy and standards and in consultation with the project affected peoples;  To design appropriate strategies for restoration and improvement of the income and livelihood of the Project Affected People , special support measures for vulnerable groups, social service delivery and community based infrastructure development plan in new residential area;  To determine task assignments, resource allocation(budgeting) and implementation schedules for measures against adverse impacts of the project;  To determine documentation and reporting mechanisms among all the corned core processes (departments), staff and stakeholders involved in the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan;  To prepare documented mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation of progress and performance in implementation of Resettlement Action Plan itself. 1.5 Constraints to the Study Key constraints experienced in preparation of the RAP were:  Around 1 % of PAPs were not available during the first phase house-to-house Survey; as a result second phase house to house survey was arranged to reach those missed ones  Project affected people get difficulty to provide clear and full information; and Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 19 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  Condensed houses of the households made the house-to-house Survey complicated and difficult. However the consultant managed to cover all households through two phase household survey. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 20 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 2.1 Positive Impacts Economic development of the city and region as a whole is the long-term objective and is associated with improved road accessibility. Key positive impacts or desired outcomes expected from the project are explained below. It is envisaged that the local economy will get stimulated due to the improvement of the road access. The road project will connect the city and surrounding woredas especially “west Woredas�. It's obvious that road in many instance will o pen up new market opportunity. Hence, there will be opportunities to improve trade and commerce in Dessie city; that will contribute to improve development at local and regional level. The project is also expected to provide Job opportunity for skilled and unskilled labour for local people; the creation of temporary job during construction can be considered as positive impact to the local people. Further, indirect employment opportunities will be created for those people engaged in small businesses that provide services to construction workers including sale of food and beverages will be created. In the long term, improved road conditions provide increased access to social services, markets and can improve the overall employment situation. The implication of all of these is to increase income for local communities. Hopefully, the transport access will be improved with shorter travel time, and/or reduced traffic congestion along the road. The improvement in the road access will facilitate access to markets, investment, industry, better health, education and other social services. In the long run, this will contribute to the betterment of the living standard of the community. 2.2 Adverse Impacts. The loss of land-holding and privately owned assets, including productive resources (such as trees) and structures on the land; the loss of public service facilities ; temporary impacts on Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 21 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise the subsistence/ livelihoods and income-earning capacity of those affected people; changes in traffic movement patterns which results traffic congestion and transportation delay during construction period; are potential adverse impacts of the project. In addition, there may be waste discharge resulting from the construction that will affect community health unless otherwise properly managed. During construction phase there could be some nuisance noise generated by operation of construction equipment, movement of vehicles and other machineries. In addition, dust pollution caused by frequent movement of construction vehicles and other construction equipments may occur. Furthermore, exhaust fumes or emissions released by diesel operating equipment may cause some localized air pollution. During construction period it may cause aggravation of water and wind erosion as it is characterized by steep slope nature (hilly and rolling area). Land erosion on the potential quarry sites might be significant. The city administration has prepared an Environment and Social impact assessment study (ESIA) and Environment management plan (EMP) to overcome the mentioned and other environmental impacts during construction and operational time. For details please refer the ESIA study conducted for the project. 2.3 Vulnerable Groups Though all the PAPs are affected by the project there are PAPs who are more vulnerable. The socio-economic survey and subsequent analysis indicates that there are social groups who are particularly vulnerable and are at greater risk of further impoverishment because of project-induced changes due to lack or resources, social exclusion, disability, inability to adapt, cultural influences and some other reasons. The vulnerable social groups are female-headed, elderly-headed, disabled and the poorest households. The elderly-household heads are those who are aged above 64 years hence economically inactive due to old age; old people are not only Venerable, due to their age, but also vulnerable, due to economic dependency. These vulnerable social groups need special treatment in the resettlement process to restore their livelihood. 3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The Resettlement Action Plan has been prepared to ensure that action will be taken to minimize damage or loss to properties of the project affected people. RAP is the instrument that would help the city administration in restoration and reintegration of affected people. Its objectives are to mitigate all physical, social, psychological and economic impacts, temporary or permanent loss of assets or access to social services and facilities that may be experienced by the project affected people. To this end, the following steps were followed while preparing this RAP: Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 22 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  Undertaking a review of the relevant national and international policy, legal, and institutional frameworks and guidelines pertaining to involuntary resettlement, land acquisition, expropriation and compensation;  Conducting socio-economic study of the project affected area and populations o as a basis for identifying and measuring the types and magnitude of impact of the project and the associated displacement and loss of households assets in order to determine the required amounts of compensation and o other resettlement measures and assistances for the restoration of income and livelihoods;  Conducting public consultation with the PAPs, the City Administration’s stakeholders, the concerned Process owners(Department heads), experts, project support staff members and other relevant stakeholders to ensure that their participation, concerns, and suggestions are taken in to account in the planning, implementation and evaluation of the RAP;  Assessment and Identification of different options and alternatives to avoid or reduce displacement of people and dislocation of livelihoods;  Formulating criteria for eligibility and entitlement as well as developing methods and mechanisms for the valuation of affected properties and assets for compensation;  Designing mechanisms and procedures for the resolution of conflict and redress of grievances that may arise from the implementation of the RAP;  Formulate a system for the monitoring, review and evaluation of the process and outcome of the implementation of the RAP;  Preparation of cost estimates and budget for the implementation of this RAP and its various components and activities;&  Determination of the time table for implementation of the RAP with detailed time-bound schedules for its various components and activities 3.1 Data Sources Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 23 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Quantitative and qualitative data is collected from different sources. Primary data is collected through household survey, an asset inventory census of affected households, community discussion, key informant interview, and stake holder consultation. In addition direct observation during field visit and the firsthand data obtained from the engineering design document of the project were the primary data sources. Site visits and field surveys were done in two phases from Figure 3 Field survey From December 7, 2011 up to December 28, 2011 and from September 16, 2012 up to September 24, 2012. On the other hand, secondary data is gathered from governmental sector offices, as well as from city and kebele administrative offices. Socio-economic secondary data of Desie city in relation to land issues, such as land distribution, allocation and usage, and experience on other projects was also utilized. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 24 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 3.2 Key Informant Interview, Community Meeting, and Household Survey In order to obtain supplementary information on socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions, and views on various aspects of the impact of the project and in particular to identify areas of specific concern that needed to be addressed key informant interview was made for purposively selected individuals. The interviews were made for various stakeholders of the road project including local authorities, and experts who have knowledge about the Project context. Community Meetings were held with project affected persons to involve their participation in the planning and subsequent implementation processes. Over six community meetings were conducted in each Kebeles affected by the Project. Workshops and meetings were conducted with representatives from Dessie Woreda and Kebele administration offices. The entitlement application were disseminated and discussed across all Kebeles affected by the project. A socio-economic survey was carried out on the entire (100%) affected households in two phases, from December 7, 2011 up to December 28, 2011 and from September 16, 2012 up to September 24, 2012. Information on current infrastructure and social service provision of the host and resettles community was obtained from relevant local government authorities. The Asset Valuation Team confirmed infrastructure affected by the Project. Triangulation of household survey, focus group discussion and key and informant interview together with the secondary data is expected to illustrate the real image of the socio-economic situation serving as an important input for the preparation of action plan of the resettlement and livelihood rehabilitation practices. 3.3 Asset Inventory Survey A census was carried out to prepare an inventory of lost or affected household and community assets. The Asset Inventory practice was undertaken by team of valuation experts. The Valuation Team assessed the affected households to determine affected assets, to measure affected properties, and to confirm ownership of the asset with the landholder/asset owner. Information was recorded on a Census and Asset Inventory form which was developed prior to the valuation exercise. At the beginning Census data was collected for 99% of the PAPs only, due to absence of the remaining one percent of the households during the period of census survey despite several attempts. Gradually, in the course of time during the write-up of the report, the remaining census data was collected Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 25 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise from the remaining PAPs and incorporated in the report. Once filled with the required information the form was counter-checked and signed by the asset owner, and representatives of the Kebele leadership. For Salaysh-Segno Gebeya Gravel road Project, the cut-off date was 24 September 2012 – a date by which base line survey was completed and it has been communicated with PAPs. Assets, such as houses and structures, which are to be created or acquired by individuals or groups after this date will be ineligible for compensation. The process was guided by provisions of Proclamation No. 455/2005 that concerns the process of valuation; hence the Replacement Cost Method of Valuation formed the basis of valuation. Results of the survey provided data on: the PAPs’ (landholders’ and/or owners’) immovable assets in the areas affected by the infrastructure development of the Project; demographic characteristics of the affected households including: household size; age, gender, educational level, occupation, landholdings and land tenure types; inventory of the affected structures, and detailing the structures in terms of size, construction materials, and the state/grade of each, to assist in calculating replacement values; inventory of affected public services infrastructure and holdings. 4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY &IMPACT ANALYSIS The Socio-economic analysis is made by applying descriptive statistics using both primary and secondary data that was obtained through census survey, community discussion, key informant interview, and secondary data sources. The results of the socio-economy study covers, among others: current occupants of the affected area to establish a basis for the design of the resettlement program and to exclude subsequent inflows of people from eligibility for compensation and resettlement assistance; standard characteristics of displaced households, including a description of economic activities, labor, and household organization; and baseline information on livelihoods (including, income sources both formal and informal economic activities) and standards of living (including health status) of the displaced population; The magnitude of the expected loss—total or partial—of assets, and the extent of displacement, physical or economic; Information on vulnerable groups for whom special provisions have to be made. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 26 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 4.1 Demography of Households Socio-economic survey was carried out on all households directly affected by the project. Results of the survey analysis focused on household demographic characteristics including marital status, age and sex of household head; household composition in sex, age, and education level; and family size. The socio-economy survey indicates that the number of households affected by the project is 221 with a population of 1251. Table 4 Average Family Size and Total Population by Household Head Characteristics Male Household Head Female Household Head Total Mean Mean Mean Age Group of Family Family Family Household Head Size Population Size Population Size Population Adult Household Head 6.04 477 5.40 335 5.76 812 Elderly Household Head 7.55 302 6.23 137 7.08 439 Total 6.55 779 5.62 472 6.16 1251 From the total 221 households 159, (78 percent), of the household heads were married, 18 were widowed, 17 were unmarried, 9 were divorced, and the remaining 18 were widowed. Households mainly comprised nuclear family units consisting of a household head, spouse and children, with few extended family members such as siblings, parents and grandchildren of the household head. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 27 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Figure 4 Marital status of Household Heads 4.2 Education Level Out of the total project affected population about 11 percent were illiterate. There is a clear difference on the percentage of illiteracy between the female and male population implying the existence of gender disparity in education. The percentage of illiterate people was 15 percent for female population while it was only 8 percent for their male counterpart. Table 5 Population Distribution by Education Level Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 28 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Percentage of Population by Education Level Education Level Male Female Total Illiterate 8 15 11 First Cycle Primary 7 10 9 Primary School 22 27 25 Secondary School 46 38 42 Technical School 14 9 11 Religious School 1 0 1 Diploma Graduate 2 1 1 Degree Graduate 1 0 1 In general the education level of majority of the Project affected population is Secondary School accounting 42 percent of the population followed by Primary School which has 25 percent share. Technical school students also account 11 percent of the population. The percentage of higher education both secular and religious is relatively very small. The distribution of population by educational level is depicted in table 3 and graphically illustrated in figure 6. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 29 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Figure 5 Distribution of Affected Area Population by Educational Level 4.3 Household Income Out of the 229 affected households including Debals (1251 individuals) only 345 individuals earn income from various economic activities. Number of Income Earner Household Members varies among the households ranging from zero to eight people per family as shown in table 4. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 30 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Of the total population only 38.1 percent are engaged in income earning economic activities and the remaining 61.9 percent relies on them (see figure 7). In this case the dependency ratio is approximately 1.58 implying that more than three persons depend on the income earned by two family members. The percentage of the population that earns income is shown in figure 7. Figure 6 Percentage of People Engagement in Income Earning Activities The percentage of these people by type of income source and economic activities is shown in the following table. Day Laborers retired people which have the lowest income and more vulnerable relative to others account 12 and 9 percent of the income earning people respectively. Table 3 Percentage of People by type of Income Earning Activities Occupation Male Female Total Farmer 1% 2% 2% Government Employed 25% 25% 25% Traders 33% 26% 30% Transport 3% 0% 2% Teacher 4% 4% 4% House Rent Earner 1% 3% 2% Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 31 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Retired 8% 11% 9% Day Laborer 10% 14% 12% Other 15% 15% 15% Majority of the income earner population are local traders with share of 30 percent followed by government employee, day laborer, and retired with corresponding shares of 25%, 12% and 9% in respective order. Figure 7 Distribution of Income Earning People by Type of Economic Activities The statistical description of the income distribution indicates that households that have different private business at their house were relatively superior in average household income. Kiosks made of container also have better income relative to those households who are employed in governmental and private firms. Therefore the income of the employed people is relatively lower than others engaged in private small scale businesses. The number of households within the various ranges of income earning was used to indicate the comparative status of the kiosks, private businesses, employees’ incomes. As shown in the following figure the number of employment income earners is the largest of all for the lower Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 32 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise income group while the number of private businesses is the largest of all for the higher income groups. Figure 8 Household Income Category by Economic Activities The average monthly income of households is 1500.00 Birr for Kiosks, 3101.00 Birr for Private Business, and 901.97 Birr for Employed respectively and the overall average is 1908.80 Birr. The monthly income ranges 50.00 to 7500.00 Birr for Kiosks, 50.00 to 20,000.00 Birr for Private Business, and 70 to 7500.00 Birr for Employed respectively. 4.4 Inventory of Affected Houses A total of 229 households (1251 individuals) across the two Kebeles would be adversely affected by the project. In addition to the affected households, two offices owned by Ethio- Tele Com Company and Desie Zuria Woreda administration will be displaced by the project. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 33 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Electric, Tele Communication, and water pipe line infrastructures within the row of the project also will be affected. Table 1 Distribution of lost houses by Owner Purpose and Kebele Residential only Business only Residential and Business Kebele Kebele Kebele Grand Owner 01 02 Total 01 02 Total 01 02 Total Total Private 6 29 35 4 17 21 10 14 24 80 Kebele 24 48 72 7 10 17 9 10 19 108 Public - - - 2 0 2 - - - 2 infrastructure Container(kios - - - 14 17 31 - - - 31 k) Total 30 77 107 27 44 71 19 24 43 221 4.5 Value of Lost Structures and Assets In determining the replacement cost for affected houses and other structures, the following points are considered.  The current construction cost for replacement  The households who lose their house due to the project will receive full replacement cost at current price. Calculating of compensation for all kind of structures was made as per current market price at replacement cost. The affected structures are categorized as per the material that the house or the structure is constructed. Each item of house or structures categorized in 4 categories based on the material used for construction: A/ Categories of Mud houses Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 34 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 1. First class mud house has the following characters /external and internal wall is cemented and painted, have ceiling made of chip wood, floor area is cemented, covered with plastic tiles. 2. Second class mud house only external wall cemented and painted, cloth or ceiling made of Propylene(Madabria) , cemented floor 3. Third class mud house wall is not cemented, painted mud wall with no ceiling. 4. Fourth class mud house not cemented, not painted do not have ceiling. B/ Building/ bricks/ e.t.c, has four class as above In addition latrines, showers, kitchens are estimated based on their specific standards. All fences are categorized as a first standard and the compensation is calculated based on the current market price of the material used to construct the fence. After grouping the houses or other structures as per the standard, the price of the houses was calculated using area for houses and volume for masonry structure as per current market price. During calculating the compensation the cost to demolish the structure was considered and salvage material will be given to the PAPs. Table 2: Compensation cost of houses or property by standard as per current Market price 1 Type of houses Standards of structures and unit price per remarks Mud house square meter or metre cube 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1 Mud wall 2130 1870 1531 748 Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 35 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 2 Hallow block 3210 2910 2510 1434 3 Stone masonry 3636 3336 2936 1620 5 Toilet 10,000 5,000 ---- ---- 6 Septic tank 20,000 10,000 ----- 7 Fence/ 922 648 -- Stone masonry --- /corrugated sheet 8 Wooden fence 50 -- -- -- -- Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 36 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Table 3 Value of the Number of Houses and Other Structures that Will be Lost No of Quantity by Structure Kebele Total Cost/value of lost Assets s Unit Structure Kebele Price Kebele Kebele Lost Structures Standard 01 02 Unit in Birr 01 02 01 02 Total cost Corrugated Iron sheet 9064 Fences 1st 0 4 M 110 0 82.4 9064 House/latrine/kitchen made of iron sheet 3rd 1 21 M2 556 21.28 217.39 11831.68 120868.8 132700.5 House/latrine/kitchen 103894.2 made of iron sheet 2nd 1 2 M2 1112 55.89 37.54 62149.68 41744.48 House/latrine/kitchen 1827.43 made of mud and wood 4th 23 67 M2 748 416.02 5 311182.96 1366921 1678104 House/warehouse/ latrine/kitchen made of mud and wood 3rd 39 62 M2 1531 1554 3127.12 2379189.3 4787613 7166802 House/warehouse/ latrine/kitchen made of mud and wood 2nd 1 2 M2 1870 45.12 66.81 84374.4 124934.7 209309.1 Wall/ /floor made of stone, cement and 0 rd 3 concrete 3 0 9 M 480 182.58 87638.4 87638.4 Wall//floor made of stone, cement and 55.144 35730.72 nd 3 concrete 2 5 24 M 648 504.844 327138.9 362869.6 House made of stone, cement and concrete 2nd 0 1 M2 3336 0 80.19 267513.8 267513.8 st 2 Fence made of bricks 1 0 5 M 317 0 61.6 19527.2 19527.2 Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 37 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise No of Quantity by Structure Kebele Total Cost/value of lost Assets s Unit Structure Kebele Price Kebele Kebele Lost Structures Standard 01 02 Unit in Birr 01 02 01 02 Total cost with but not cemented Fence made of bricks with cement 1st 0 1 M2 402 0 51 20502 20502 House made of stone, bricks cement and concrete 3rd 0 1 M2 2936 0 66.4 194950.4 194950.4 House made of bricks and concrete 2nd 0 3 M2 2910 0 148.1 405211 405211 House made of bricks 0 and concrete 1st 0 1 M2 3210 32.43 104100.3 104100.3 Metal Gate 1st 3 1 M2 800 15 2.6 12000 2080 2080 HCB/ Brick Latrine 4th 0 2 M2 1434 0 13.27 19029.18 19029.18 1000 Septic tank 2nd 2 10 No 0 10 20000 100000 120000 2000 Septic tank 1st 0 7 No 0 7 140000 140000 8,138,837.7 11,055,296.4 Total 2,916,458.75 0 5 Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 38 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 4.6 Loss of Trees A total of 746 trees will be lost due to the project. The number and type of trees affected due to the project is detailed in the Table 9 below. The financial value for trees has been calculated based on the valuation principle by which the value is estimated by summing up discounted incomes each plant can give over years until a similar new tree comes to maturity. In this regard, the monetary value for each type of trees was estimated based on productivity of each tree and current market price of expropriation of landholdings for public purposes. The following table shows the summaries of the values of trees. Table 4 Type, Number and Replacement Cost of Trees along the road segment Type of Trees No. Unit Price (Birr) Total Value (Birr) Eucalyptus trees 56 70.00 3,920.00 Olei europaea 9 300.00 2,700.00 Caesalpinia ecapetala 25 300 7,500.00 Casvaria equisetifolia 19 150 2,850.00 Vernonia amygdalina 3 30 90.00 Arondo donax 300 5 1,500.00 Rhamnus prinoides 2 150 300.00 “wanza� 2 300 600.00 “Enset� 24 50 1,200.00 “Qundo Beribere� 4 300 1,200.00 “Yebereha Zaf� 6 300 1,800.00 Total 746 - 23,660.00 4.7 Impact on Livelihood The socio-economic status of the community found in the project area and sellers in the market can be categorized as low living standard. Small businesses are the key activities and dominant economic base and it is almost the only means of living for majority of the community around the project area. As understood from the community discussion and Keble administrators’ information economic activities of majority of the community in the surrounding depends on commercial businesses in the market place in the area. Therefore, the relocation process would affect the households directly due to the loss of business income till the business is re-established at the new settlement sites. On the other hand, the affected households may incur renting cost until the Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 39 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise house construction is completed in the new residential area. The monthly cost of residential rent they would incur during the relocation process is shown in the table below. Table 5 Temporary Monthly House Rent Cost for residential houses House Rent Cost (Birr) No of Kebele HHs Monthly 3 Months 01 49 49,000 147,000 02 101 101,000 303,000 Total 150 150,000 450,000 It is envisaged that the time required for the process of relocation to permanent settlement site requires a minimum of three months. Therefore the cost of residential rent the households would incur during the relocation process is estimated for these scenarios as shown in the above table. The budget formulation will be based on the three month scenario. For the business operators who reside in kebele structure and for those (private &kebele) who used their structure for both purpose the city administration has prepared a shade of 2.20mx3.75m at Segno Gebeya and it is ready to distribute for PAPs. This helps them to continue their business without interruption. For privately owned business structures the city administration and PAPs agreed to demolish their property after they construct their shop in the newly assigned area which is a long road side. Thus, there is no any disturbance in their livelihood. 4.8 Social Institutions The customary local social institutions like Idir and Iqueb exist in the two kebeles, 01 and 02. These social institutions and interaction are important social capitals affecting the livelihood of the society as a whole. Therefore, any disturbance on the social order including settlement arrangement will affect livelihood through its impact on the social fabric. Idir and Iqueb are the most prominent social institutions that contribute to the social and economic well-being of a community but susceptible to social impacts. Almost all of the PAPs are beneficiaries of these institutions and relocating them far away from their original location would affect them. If the PAPs are relocated in remote areas they will be forced to join other Idirs to meet their social obligations which takes time and some money for registration of membership which is difficult since they are in struggle of settling their livelihood that is disturbed by the relocation. On the other hand their participation in Iqueb and other social institutions also will deteriorate till they are well introduced with the host community and are customized to their customs if that occurs at all. By considering this issue the city administration in consultation with PAPs has selected a new resettlement area with a shorter distance (0.5km) from the existing area. In addition all project affected people from each Keble are going to resettle in the same place. Hence, the impact on their social interaction will be at minimal level and can continue their social life as before. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 40 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 4.9 Relocation Cost of Public Utilities This road construction project affects public infrastructures including electric, telephone, and water lines that fall within the road path. The impact on these infrastructures includes the cost of restructuring and temporary interruption of these public services with the concomitant impact on businesses, residents, and different offices of government and non-government organizations. Table 6 Summary of Estimated value of Lost Public Utilities Item/Structure lost Owner Unit Quantity Unit price (birr) Replacement Cost Tele poles ETC Number 84 4166.66667 350,000.00 Electric poles EEPCo Number 106 258.9 27,443.4 Electric Transformer EEPCo Number 2 13985.05 27,970.1 Total 405,413.5 There are electric and telephone poles, water lines, and electric transformers located within the row of road construction which requires relocation. Water tankers within the row which are used for water supply also need relocation arrangement. All of the electric and telephone poles that are to be displaced and relocated are wooden poles. It is estimated that two electric transformers, 106 electric poles, and 84 telephone poles, will be relocated. Ethiopian Electric power Corporation (EEPCo), Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation (ETC), and Desie City Water and Sewerage Authority (WSA) are owners of the electric and telecommunication infrastructures respectively that claim the compensation for the losses and responsible for relocation and maintenance activities. 4.10 Summary for Estimated Value of Lost Asset The loss of the assets is quantified in kind and in monetary values based on the ease of analysis. In these regard loss of land and loss of Keble owned rental houses are quantified in kind since these assets are not compensated in monetary values rather they are to be replaced. The owners that claim the compensation for the loss include, among others, private owners and public organization. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 41 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Table 7 Summary of Lost asset Value Lost Assets or Properties Number of Affected properties Estimates of Loss in Birr Kebele Kebele 01 02 Total Kebele 01 Kebele 02 Total Houses/ Structures 21 60 81 2,916,458.75 8,138,837.70 11,055,296.45 Trees - - - - - 23,660.00 Temporary house rent 49 101 150 147,000 303,000 450,000 Tele poles - - - - - 350,000.00 Electric poles - - - - - 27,443.4 Electric Transformer - - - - - 27,970.1 11,934,370.0 Total Value of Lost Assets Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 42 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 5 LEGAL ISSUES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 5.1 Legal Framework This Chapter presents a review of legal and regulatory framework applicable to the project since a clear understanding of the legal issues involved in resettlement is necessary to design a feasible resettlement plan. Hence, an analysis is made to determine the nature of the legal framework for the resettlement envisaged. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) formulated based on these provisions for the entire project and the entitlement framework worked out for the impacts relating to Desie Road project is detailed below. The 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia, Article 40(2), 40(4), 40(5) and 40(8) includes provisions that protect the Ethiopian citizen’s rights to private property and set conditions for expropriation of such property for state or public interests. For immovable property built on land, the Constitution states that “Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds on the land and to the improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital.� According to Article 40(8) of the Constitution, the State may expropriate private rights over land: “without prejudice to the right to private property, the government may expropriate private property for public purpose� with prior payment of adequate compensation. Again, Article 44(2) of the 1995 Constitution stipulates that all people who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of State programs shall have the right to receive adequate monetary or other alternative compensation, including transfer with assistance to another locality. Proclamation No 455/2005 Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation establishes the legal principles and framework for expropriation and compensation. Council of Ministers Regulations No. 135/200, on the Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes provide the procedures for application of Proclamation No 455/2005. 5.1.1 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement The Bank’s policy recognizes that involuntary resettlement may cause severe long -term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement are the following: Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 43 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs.  Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs.  Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre- displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. The OP describes World Bank policies and procedures on involuntary resettlement as well as conditions that borrowers are expected to meet during operations involving resettlement of affected groups. It requires an entitlement framework aimed at restoration of affected livelihoods, replacement, and participation of and consultation with affected groups. A detailed social assessment and development of an action plan having list of measures for betterment/ restoration of lost assets/ income is required to be submitted to bank before start of project work. Further it requires that appropriate monitoring and evaluation be carried to ensure achievement of project objectives. There are some differences between the national Ethiopian legislation and the World Bank Policy OP 4.12. These relate to the general principles for resettlement, eligibility criteria, the notification period for expropriation and resettlement, and the procedures required throughout the resettlement process. The first main difference is that according to OP 4.12, resettlement should be avoided whenever possible, while national legislation states that ‘expropriation of land will be done when deemed necessary for public purposes’. The second difference relates to eligibility, that OP 4.12 entitles those who have formal rights, claims to land and no recognizable legal right, to compensation, while national legislation entitles only those who are ‘landholders’ with legal possession of the land and who own property thereon. Another key difference is the notification period required. National legislation requires that property must be handed over 90 days after compensation has been paid, while OP 4.12 requires that displacement must not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 44 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 5.2 Eligibility and Entitlement Eligibility for compensation is discussed in Article 44(2) of the 1995 Constitution and Proclamation No 455/2005. These give entitlement only to those who have formal legal rights over their land holdings (properties). Proclamation No 455/2005, Article 2 (3) stipulates that “Landholder means an individual, government or private organization or any other organ which has legal personality and has lawful possession over the land to be expropriated and owns property situated thereon. � According to Article 7(1) and (2), “.a landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and for permanent improvements he made to the land�. “The amount of compensation for property situated on the expropriated land shall be determined on the basis of the replacement cost of the property�. Eligible PAPs are those PAPs, with clear possession of land in the land holding book and therefore are fully eligible to: a) Land for land compensation; b) Compensation in relation to other properties/assets on the land; c) Other relevant rehabilitation measures/assistance as per the Entitlement Matrix; In addition the 2008 RPF of the Federal ministry of urban development and construction developed for ULGDP states that city administrations should support and ensure the livelihood restoration for PAPs who have no legal title. However, all PAPs of this project have legal title for their holding and are eligible for full compensation for their property and city administration shall provide a replacement land at new site. The entitlement provisions listed below for the entire RAP substantively address the requirements as per the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the project. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 45 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Table 8 Entitlement Matrix Category of Type of entitlement Unit of entitlement Details of entitlement loss Trees, Land improvement investment, and crops Loss of Cash Compensation Title holder Compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the level of growth of the tree and the Eucalyptus Landholder current local price per tree. The owner of trees may, in lieu of compensation, cut and Trees collect the trees within the period fixed by law. Compensation for the tree at medium level Family of development stage shall be multiplied by its productivity, which means the number of plantlets emerging from the cut root, and the number of harvest in ten years period. (This comes from the fact that Eucalyptus tree when cut once brings forth 3-5 viable trees and gives harvest two times in subsequent 10 years period.) (No. of beam x unit price) + (No. of ridges x unit price) + (No. of poles x unit price) + (No. of bunches x unit price) + (No. of transferred and grown seedling x unit price) + (No. of roots x unit price) Loss of Natural Cash Compensation Title holder Family Compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the level of growth of the tree and the Trees Kebele current local price per tree. The owner of trees may, in lieu of compensation, cut and administration collect the trees within the period fixed by law. Structures Loss of houses Full compensation Title holder to rebuild a Family For Kebele-owned rented residential houses and other buildings, compensation shall be similar/better house, paid to respective Kebeles so that they can reconstruct similar or better structures and Kebele inconvenience costs rent to the households at the same rate they pay to the previous structure. Administration Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 46 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Category of Type of entitlement Unit of entitlement Details of entitlement loss and other The households are also entitled to displacement compensation as mentioned above transaction costs The families will be allowed to use salvage material of the original structure Removal of debris and rubbish materials Land loss of land Replacement of Title holder Land will be replaced as per the minimum standard size of the city administration. Land to rebuild/ Landholder However if the land holders holding is larger than the minimum standard she/he will get restructure the the same size of land. Family residence or business buildings in similar or better condition Rental service from Kebele owned Houses Loss of rented Replacement of Title holder Replacement of rent Kebele’s Houses will be provided to Compensate. The new kebele’s Kebele’s Rental Houses at Family houses should be at least as comparable as the displaced house in terms of site value Houses the same Rate as and quality. the pre- displacement rate Temporary House rent during relocation Temporary Cash Compensation Title holder Compensation will be paid for the rented residential houses till they are relocated to the Residential Landholder permanent settlement site, if it occurs at all. The compensation shall be estimated based Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 47 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Category of Type of entitlement Unit of entitlement Details of entitlement loss House Rent Family on the current market rental value for similar structure they lost . Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 48 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 6 VALUATION OF ASSETS AND COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES 6.1 Compensation for Land Land loss will be compensated through a land replacement. Thus, the city administration with the assistance of kebeles prepared the land in keble 01 and 02. The site plan for the new residential area is under preparation by the two kebles. The process of resettlement to be followed to allocate land for each and every evicted person will be handled by the land redistribution committee guided by the Urban Land Redistribution Directive under a close follow up of government and other stakeholders. 6.2 Land Redistribution for Commercial Businesses According to the design document of the gravel road at there will be a total area of around 1500 sqm free space and the identified vacant place which is found at Segno gebeya and 1000 sqm around Menafeshia. Both sites are along the road side and are good places to conduct for commercial activities. Thus, the City Administration in consultation with the PAP agreed to allocate this vacant land for those PAPs that have been engaged in businesses. The land redistribution will be carried out by the city administration. The PAPs will construct shops for different businesses. The size of the land to be redistributed could be as per the standard size of the city. Each PAP will have a legal title for their holing in the new business area. 6.3 Compensation for Loss of Assets Compensation for assets lost due to the road infrastructure development project including trees buildings and other structures will be paid one-time to the project affected households as per entitlement matrix. For structures, payment estimation is made at replacement costs at current price. The compensation for each affected household is found by summing up the value of each structure. Accordingly, the summaries of estimated costs of compensation for houses/structures along the road segment are expressed mathematically as follows: RC= Q* P Where: RC= Replacement Cost of a structure or other asset Q = Quantity of lost structure or other asset P= Unit price required for the construction or replacement of one unit of the lost asset 6.4 Compensation for Temporary Rental Houses If the households to be relocated to other sites will temporarily reside in rental houses then the cost will be covered through compensation payment. The compensation committee evaluated the needed compensation on the basis of current market rental value for similar standard of Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 49 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise housing for three months time with an average renting cost of 1000 birr per household the detail presented on page 45 under table 5. 6.5 Compensation award and Public grievance redress Each identified PAP will be issued with a letter of award or Entitlement Certificate in Annex I for their acceptance or otherwise before payment is made. In the event of a dispute or grievance, the grievance committee will handle the issue and settle within a period of one month. No construction should commence before public grievance is settled. An Amharic version of Entitlement Certificate, containing details of the project area, compensation for lost assets/property, and the date by which the PAP must vacate the location or surrender rights to the property shall be prepared and displayed appropriately within the kebeles and also the city administration offices. In case of illiterates, the city shall provide assistance to ensure PAP understanding of the document. Once the Entitlement Certificate has been signed, all payments will be made directly to the bank accounts of the PAPs or by cheque. 7 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation 7.1 Site selection The new site for private land owners has been identified at kebele 01&02, in consultation with PAPs. For Kebele tenants the city administration agreed to provide houses in two scenarios. The first scenario is replacing old houses on the existing area by assessing vacant houses in both kebles (01&02). This option is for those who are vulnerable (old and disabled). Accordingly the city administration prepared twenty vacant houses in keble 01 and five vacant houses in keble 02 a total of twenty five free houses has been identified. All the vacant houses identified are similar in size and all will have two rooms. The seventy four new houses which have 24 sqm areas for each house will be constructed by the city administration in a new place identified by consulting PAPs. As it is presented earlier eight debals (16 household heads) are identified as eligible to have their own separate house during resettlement. Thus, all debals get separate house from the new houses which will be constructed for all kebele tenants. The construction of new houses will take three months time and planned to be conducted from April-June/2013. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 50 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise For both Keble tenants and private houses the selected new residential area (01&02) has necessary infrastructure services (road, electric light and water supply). In addition since the new residential area is in a shorter distance from the existing (500m) there is no any disturbance of social services such an s health and education and PAPs can use the service as it was before. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 51 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise New resettlement area site Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 52 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 7.2 Site Preparation, and Relocation The city municipal office will undertake site clearing, leveling and other necessary land preparation activities to make it ready for construction and other engineering works before the resettles take delivery of the land. Those households who lost kebele owned rental houses will be provided with other rental houses from the kebeles either for residential or business purposes that correspond to the earlier purpose of the rented kebele houses used by the PAPs. Procedures for physical relocation under the project, including timetables for site preparation and transfer and legal arrangements for regularizing tenure and transferring titles to resettles has been explained for the resettles and other concerned stake holders. City and kebeles administration provides all the necessary support in transportation, relocation, and livelihood recovery of the settlers. The resettlement sites is equipped with all necessary infrastructures including electric power supply, water supply, feeder roads, and telecommunication services as well as social services such as schools, and health services. Therefore, the city administration is responsible to facilitate the settlers to get these facilities and services individually from the concerned bodies. With close follow up support of the city administration kebele administrations will construct houses to replace for affected PAPs that have been beneficiaries of rental houses from the kebeles. The houses will be constructed within three months time (April- June/2013) and no project affected tenant will dislocate before the new houses are fully constructed.. 7.3 Housing, Infrastructure and Social services Delivery at new site Since the new residential resettlement area is in a short distance from the existing area it is equipped with basic infrastructure such as water, Electricity and social services such as School and health centers, PAPs can get these facilities as they accessed it before. Comparison of Services at the new site and existing site Services at the existing site  Some keble PAPs are living as “Debal� (Two households live in one house)  The settlement is very crowded  Poor internal road network,  Since the existing road is narrow problem to access fire tracks and vacuum tracks  For Keble tenants limited communal toilet , some of them are dysfunctional Services at new site Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 53 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  No more “Debal� way of living (each household will have one house)  Presence of feeder roads which help easy access of fire tracks and other sanitary tracks.  Kebele tenants will have communal toilet of better in quality and more in number as compared to the existing one, thus, the new residential area is better than the existing residential area. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 54 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 8. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Consultation refers to the two-way transfer of information or joint discussion between project proponent and the community in concern. It helps to build a rapport with the community and helps to provide certain details on the area that planners cannot often foresee. It helps identify impacts, the vulnerable groups, their source of vulnerabilities and the people and groups that are likely to be affected. Besides, information provided during such consultations helps allay fears and builds trust – a key aspect to the successful implementation of any project. Most crucially, it helps to identify potential initiatives that can be developed to restore and rehabilitate their livelihood lifestyles. Attempts were also made to elicit their views, needs and priorities of PAPs regarding compensation, land redistribution and other impacts, etc. The stakeholders’ consultations for preparation of RAP were made at city and kebele administration levels. At a city administration level: Dessie City Services Manager, Infrastructure Development Team Coordinator, and Infrastructure Development Team environmental Protection Expert, and At Kebele level: Kebele Administrator; Kebele experts relevant for the Project; Kebele authorities, and kebele communities such as, youth and women; and project affected people were involved in the consultation. Key issues and concerns have been raised during the consultation time are the following:  How compensation will be determined and paid?  The compensation may be low to construct a new house in the new residential area  When and how their houses will be demolished?  When the compensation will be paid?  Where and how they will stay until their houses erected in new residential area?  The new residential area may be far from the center and may lack infrastructure and may be far from other social services.  Private holders and keble tenants who use for business and residence including petty trade  They fear that their livelihood will be discontinued as a result of their displacement in the new residential area. Keble tenants for business and kiosks owners  They raised their concern that the city administration may not give them another house which is convenient for business.  Kiosk owners raised their concern that the city administration may not provide them suitable place to relocate their container. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 55 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise In responding to their concerns the city administration agreed to do the following:  Compensation will be provided based on current market price at replacement cost.  In addition for private land holders the city administration agreed to provide land of similar size in keble 01, 02 &10. The site has been chosen in consultation with PAPs. The distance from the existing area is 0.5 - 06km and it has all infrastructures (water, electricity feeder road etc)  For keble tenants the city administration agreed to resettle by categorizing the PAPs in to two. . First category  Old and vulnerable  Disabled  Poor female headed households Identification of vulnerable PAPs has been selected in consultation with PAPs. Second category  All Keble tenants who are out of the first category After the identification of Keble tenants who are old and disabled (vulnerable) the city administration arranged a replacement house in the old residential area by assessing vacant houses. For the rest Keble tenants the city administration agreed to construct new house in a place that has chosen in consultation with PAPs. Consultations among the Community have created an opportunity to solicit their feedback; and, to obtain the cooperation and participation of PAPs and other stakeholders in resettlement planning and implementation. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 56 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Figure 9 Kebele 01 and 02 Public consultations 8.1. Consultations with Dessie City Administration Service Office The following issues were discussed with the Dessie City Administration in meetings during the survey and post-survey period. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 57 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  Possibility to avoid or minimize the need for resettlement; if resettlement is unavoidable, on the formulation of feasible RAP;  the organizational arrangement of the City and its capacity to implement the RAP (in terms of input resources);  level of public awareness and public attitude towards the Project;  possible problems related to land administration issues (land redistribution, substitution and consolidation) and envisaged solutions;  establishment of valuation/compensation and grievance committees at city level and treatment of vulnerable groups within the context of the Project;  Perception of the city/kebeles about the project regarding possible advantages and disadvantages of the Project; and  The need for having detour road during construction. 8.2. Consultations with Kebele Administration Discussions held with Kebele administration during the period of survey work. More emphasis was given for administrative activities related with the project impact, resettlement and compensation. In general the following issues were raised: Capacity limitation: the implementation capacity of kebeles with regards to resettlement is limited therefore the kebeles need support of technical staff, since some of the issues are pretty complex in their nature. Therefore, the city Administration should provide technical assistance for the preparation of land use plans. 8.3. Integration with Host Populations Since the PAPs are limited in number and resettle in small distance from the exsiting area they know each other with the neighborhood in the new residential area and no need to consult the host community. However during this RAP preparation process consultation with the whole community (both affected and host community) has been conducted to smoothly integrate the resettles (PAPs) with the host community both keble tenants and private land holders. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 58 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 9. PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS APPEALS AND GRIEVANCE 9.1. Grievance Redressal Mechanism A grievance redressal mechanism independent of the compensation committee and implementing bodies is essential to allow affected individuals to voice concerns and seek redressal. A dedicated project-specific Grievance redress committee has been established to sufficiently address the grievances of the PAPs. PAPs have chosen their representative in the grievance committee. Thus, two out of six members of the grievance committee is allocated for PAPs representatives. Any dis-satisfied party shall present his /her cases to the grievance redress committee. The committee examines the case and responds within a period of 15 days. A party not satisfied with the decision of the grievance redress committee can appeal a case to a court of law which will be the final decision. Affected persons will be exempted from all administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to the grievance redress procedures. All complaints should be received in writing will be documented. Talbe 9. Members of grievance committee No Name Representation position 1 Utant Debebe City service Chair person 2 Yimere Adem City service Member 3 Abdurkadir hueeien City service Member 4 Mohammed Tegegn PAP Member 5 Getahun yimer PAP Member 6 Yimer Endris City service Secretary Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 59 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 10. Institutional framework and Capacity Assessment for the RAP implementation The effective and successful implementation of the RAP depends upon the institutional and organizational arrangements made for its implementation. The project management system for this RAP implementation is led by Dessie City Administration. The city Administration has a responsibility to manage, coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation of this resettlement action plan (RAP). It has the Project coordination office which is responsible for overall coordination and management of the project in collaboration with other concerned core processes (departments) under close supervision of the City Administration Mayor and Manager’s Offices. Accordingly, the city administration had assigned the project Coordinator, Environmental and Social Management Focal Person for day to day management of the project implementation. The city administration has experience in dealing with issues of resettlement due to its prior involvement in implementation of liquid waste treatment project in the city. Thus, the city administration will implement this RAP by using the previous experience for the mentioned project. The following department will work to effectively implement this RAP:  Dessie City Mayor and Manager’s Offices;  The ULGDP Project Coordination office(concerned with overall project coordination & management);  Land Administration and Construction Permission core process(concerned with resettlement issues)  Infrastructure Improvement Core process(concerned with Road construction and related issues);  Office of Finance and Economic Development; and  Two Keble administrations (01&02) Dessie City Administration has overall responsibility for controlling overall quality and timeliness of the RAP implementation and compliance with all aspects of the ULGDP Operational Manual will be ensured. The City Administration office, the concerned Kebele Offices, PAPs and community representatives are the major institutional organs to implement the RAP. Partnership with external stakeholders would also be important for resource mobilization and successful completion of RAP implementation. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 60 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise The Ministry of Urban Development and Construction can provide technical support and guidance during and after resettlement process for impact evaluation 11. Implementation Schedule of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) The RAP process has been developed in previous sections beginning from data collection and analysis. This section describes procedures to be followed while implementing Resettlement Action plan for restoration of affected people’s livelihoods. It takes into account the income restoration activities, institutional arrangements, implementation schedule, grievance redress mechanisms, costs and budget as well as monitoring and evaluation of the Resettlement Action Plan implementation. 11.1. Livelihoods Restoration Strategies The basic objective of income restoration activities is that no project affected persons shall be worse off than before the project implementation. Restoration of pre project levels of income or livelihoods is an important part of rehabilitating individuals, households and socio- economic and cultural systems in affected community. Income restoration schemes had been designed in consultation with affected persons and they were approved programs designed to benefit them through their representatives in resettlement steering committee Based on the information collected during the socio-economic study, strategies had been framed and detail activities were planned. Actions planned to be undertaken to assist the affected people:  Compensation for land, structures, and all other lost assets paid in full before relocation;  Compensation for temporary house rent payments till they finish construction of residential houses at the selected settlement site;  Free transport and costs removal for reestablishment and relocation  Special care and assistance in rebuilding houses and follow up will be undertaken only to help vulnerable group of people(old people and patients who cannot be assisted by relatives to erect their houses in the new residential area) during resettlement process besides compensation payment. This will be done by the project coordination office and various committees established for implementation of RAP; Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 61 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  Creation of Job opportunity for employment to daily laborers and unemployed PAPs in accordance with their skills and capabilities to be employed (enrolled) in the project which can be done by incorporating obligatory article in the contract agreement document for the civil work contractor. 11.2. Implementation Activities RAP approval and Public disclosure/workshop: Upon approval of the final RAP, the executive summary of the RAP shall be translated into Amharic a local language and posted to all accessible places for PAPs and the community. In addition a public consultation and the disclosure workshop will be conducted at a location in Desie City with the affected people and other stakeholders. Payment of compensation: All handing over of the property such as land, structures and compensation will be made in the presence of the affected party and the kebele and city compensation committees. No construction should commence until compensation of these items has been completed. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 62 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Table 10: RAP Implementation Schedule No. Activities Budget Source Implementer Place of Time framework for implementation implementation Remark 1 Raise awareness of the PAP on the project Not need City administration Dessie city March-September,2012 Final 2 Complete establishment of Various From project City administration Dessie city August,2012 " Committees for RAP implementation 3 Determine amount of Compensation for From project Property valuation Dessie city November –December ,2012 " houses & other properties Committee 4 Follow up of compensation payment From Project budget Property valuation Dessie city Ongoing " committee 5 Notification of PAPs to demolish their No need City Administration Dessie city April,2013 houses &fences 6 Construction of new keble houses From the city City Adminstration and Dessie city April -June/2013 administration the two kebles 6 Demolition of houses ’’ � Dessie city End of June,2013 " 8 M & E of resettlement process From Project budget City administration Dessie city per quarter " &UGCBB 9 Final report after completion of From Project budget Department assigned to Dessie city After completion of " resettlement process undertake resettlement resettlement process 11 Undertaking terminal evaluation(Social From Project budget City administration Dessie City A year After completion of Audit) &UGCBB Administration resettlement 12 Share feedback with the concerned City Administration Dessie City From completion of partners on lessons drawn Administration resettlement to completion of From Project budget impact evaluation Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 63 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 12. COSTS AND BUDGET Budget estimates for RAP implementation has been prepared considering the following costs: Compensation payments to individual households, public infrastructures, and kebeles for assets lost – trees, , and structures; livelihood restoration; cost of relocation and resettlement; and infrastructure restoration. Budget estimates have been prepared based on unit rates obtained from valuation committee. The total budget for RAP implementation is estimated at ETB 13,010,937.90. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 64 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise Table 11 Budget Estimate for RAP Implementation for Desie Road Project ITEM NO. COMPENSATION ITEM AMOUNT(Birr) A Compensation Business and residential houses, kitchens, stores and 1 other structures 11,055,296.45 Compensation of temporary house rent till permanent relocation 450,000.00 compensation of trees 23,660.00 Relocation and other Resettlement implementation costs(such as construction of new kebele houses) 452,000.00 Public Tele Infrastructures 350,000.00 Electric Infrastructures 55,413.50 Disclosure workshop 5,000.00 12,391,369.95 2 Sub Total Contingency (5%) 619,568.95 13,010,937.90 Grand Total 13. Monitoring and Evaluation a. Monitoring of the Resettlement Action Plan Implementation Monitoring of resettlement action plan involves periodic follow up and checking to ensure that activities are being undertaken according to the planned schedule. It is concerned both with timely completion of physical activities and proper utilization of inputs (financial, human, material and technical) resources during implementation. RAP implementation will be closely monitored to provide the project implementer with an Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 65 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise effective basis for assessing resettlement progress and identifying potential difficulties and problem areas. Monitoring will be carried out by Dessie City Administration ULGDP Coordination Office and Social Development Specialist at UGCBB. It would include reporting on performance, progress and problems encountered to the City Administration Manager Regularly. Monitoring during resettlement and relocation process would utilize the baseline established by the socio-economic study undertaken during preparation of this RAP to ensure that people are properly resettled, restored and recovered. Monitoring is an internal management function allowing the Core Process (department) responsible for implementation of RAP to measure physical progress against milestones established so far. b. Internal Monitoring The internal monitoring will be performed by the project Coordination Office. The objective of internal monitoring is to ensure that there is fairness and transparency while property valuation and compensation payment process take place. It would also concern with checking whether Resettlement Action Plan is performed as per its schedule. The main focuses in internal monitoring would be ensuring application of the resettlement policies and regulations specified in the resettlement action plan. Dessie City Administration mayor’s and Manager’s offices will undertake all basic supervision on completion of compensation payment, infrastructure development at new site, how access to social services, utility lines, and market ensured, how the required changes in livelihoods of PAPs ( income restoration, and degree of satisfaction of PAPs) ensured during implementation of resettlement action plan. The main source of data for internal monitoring would be the data base generated from the RAP implementation; for e.g. records on compensation for assets, periodic activity reports, the day- to-day observations by implementing staffs. The office will make a summary report starting from the commencement of the activities and special events will be reported on continuous basis. The project coordination office of the city administration would also undertake the monitoring of the resettlement implementing office. The main responsibility of project coordination office is to assess the performance of the Resettlement Action plan for the gravel Road Construction project based on periodic report from resettlement action plan implementing office and its staff. The Project coordination office would submit comprehensive report to the city administration to take corrective measures in case of problems. Monitoring would check whether the following issues are achieved or not:  Public meetings held;  Completion of asset inventories, impact assessments, and socioeconomic studies; Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 66 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  Grievance redress procedures in place and properly functioning;  Compensation payments disbursed on time;  PAPs’ Income& livelihoods restoration and development activities initiated;  Monitoring and evaluation reports submitted  Community awareness raising and capacity building trainings conducted;  Formation of various committees to assist resettlement process completed;  Launching programme done at appropriate time;  Installation of facilities and utility lines started;  Allocation of necessary resources to complete resettlement action plan as per its schedules;  Community participation in resettlement action plan implementation ensured;  Task assignments and implementation arrangements done on time;;  Logistics for demolition of houses made available; &  Resettlement of people commenced and completed. c. External Monitoring External monitoring is the responsibilities of Ministry of Urban Development and Construction. The major external monitoring areas include;  Checking whether the project implementation is on its right truck or not.  The overall fairness and transparency of the property valuation, and compensation payment procedure followed, process, and Progress in RAP implementation;  Progress of compensation payment;  Appropriateness of grievance redress mechanisms; and  Problems encountered and measures taken. d. . Evaluation Evaluation is concerned with assessing whether planned activities actually achieved the intended goals in terms of inputs, outputs, outcomes and impacts. Impact evaluation is needed to determine that recovery has indeed taken place on time and succeeded. The indicators for achievement of the objectives under the resettlement and restoration program are of three kinds:  Process indicators-indicating project inputs, expenditures, staff deployment, etc.  Output indicators- indicating results in terms of numbers of affected people compensated and resettled, training held, credit disbursed, etc. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 67 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise  Impact indicators-related to the long term effects of the project on people’s lives. e. Impact Evaluation Impact e v a l u a t i o n gauges t h e effectiveness o f the RAP and its implementation in meeting the need of the affected population. The purpose of impact evaluation i s to provide the project executing agency& donor (The City Administration and the World Bank) with an assessment of the effects of resettlement, to verify internal performance monitoring, and to identify adjustments in the course of the RAP implementation as required. f. Completion Audit The key objective of this external evaluation or completion audit is to determine whether the project executing agency’s efforts to restore the living standards of the affected population have been properly conceived and executed. The audit will verify that all physical inputs committed i n the RAP have been delivered and all services provided. In addition, the audit will evaluate whether the mitigation actions prescribed in the RAP have had the desired effect or not. The completion audit will be undertaken after all RAP activities—including development initiatives have been completed, the result of completion audit thus, enables the donor agency to undertake corrective action, if any, as recommended by the auditors before the project is completed. The completion audit will help to measure the City Administration efforts for resettlement, compensation, livelihood restoration, and development support.. g. Conclusion We could conclude that the project has both beneficial and unintended impacts. As far as beneficial impacts are concerned, it would contribute to increased access to social services and communication in Peripheral zones of the city as well as connecting the city to western werda and minimizing vehicle overcrowding and consequent emission in the city. We could also learn that the proposed project has negative impacts on landholdings, housing structures, and trees of the PAPs and physical displacement of the project affected people. It would also have indirect impacts on vulnerable groups like female headed household and aged household heads specially those who are living in Keble houses. The implementation of this project would have indirect impact on social network of affected people to indigenous community institutions like Iddir, as they will be separated from membership and services. However, all these impacts can be addressed by the city administration if this RAP is properly implemented. 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REFERENCES 1. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 1997. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) in collaboration with the Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation. Environmental Policy 2. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, EPA and the UN Industrial Development Organization, 2003a. Guideline for Ambient Environment Standards for Ethiopia Prepared under the Ecologically Sustainable Industrial Development (ESID) Project. 3. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, EPA, November 2003b. Environmental Impact Assessment Procedural Guideline: Series 1. 4. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, EPA, November 2003c. Guidelines for Social, Environmental and Ecological Impact Assessment and Environmental Hygiene in Settlement Areas: Draft. 5. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2004. Central Statistical Agency (CSA). Welfare Monitoring Survey.\ 6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, EPA, 2005b. Social Impact Assessment Guideline (Training Manual). Environmental Economics and Social Affairs Department. 7. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, MoWE, November 2009e. Task One and Task Two Reports, for the Preparation of RAP: Ribb Dam Project. Prepared by BEZA Consulting Engineers 8. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, MoWE, 2010. Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan for About 20,000 Ha Road and Drainage Schemes at Desie Pump (at Seraba) and Ribb. Draft Final Inception Report. Prepared by SMEC International 9. RAP for Koga Road scheme, Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) in association with Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise, 2005 (no document); and comments on the RAP prepared by MOWE and other stakeholders, 2009 (provided by the NPC). Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 89 Dessie City Services Office Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise 10. The World Bank’s Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (1991), Updates to the Sourcebook, Operational Policies, and the Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook: Planning and Implementation in Development Projects (2004). 11. Proclamations of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: 12. Proclamation No 165/1960, Civil Code of the Empire of Ethiopia 13. Proclamation No 94/1994, The Forestry Laws 14. Proclamation No 1/1995, The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 15. Proclamation No 47/2000, Establishment of BOEPLAU 16. Proclamation No 299/2002, Environmental Impact Assessment 17. Proclamation No 295/2002, Environmental Protection Organs Establishment Proclamation 18. Proclamation No 455/2005, Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment for Compensation Proclamation 19. Proclamation No 456/2005, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation 20. Council of Ministers Regulations No 135/2007, Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Use 21. Proclamation No 59/2001: The Revised Constitution of the Amhara National Regional State Approval Proclamation 22. Amhara National Regional State, 2009. Guideline for the Procedure of Clearing Landholding for Public Interest and Compensation Payment. BOEPLAU. Resettlement Action Plan for Salayish- Segno Gebeya gravel Road Project Page 90