SFG2386 V3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) DRAFT REPORT For PUBLIC WORKS ACTIVITIES ROAD MAINTENANCE ACROSS THE THREE SENATORIAL DISTRICTS OF EDO STATE (LOTS 64-108) By Edo SEEFOR SPCU Edo State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR) EDO STATE GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF BUDGET, PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT i THE WORLD BANK ASSISTED PROJECT MAY, 2017. ii Table of Contents Content Page Title Page i Table of Contents ii List of Tables iv List of Plates iv List of Maps iv List of figures iv List Boxes iv List of Appendices iv List of Abbreviations and Acronyms vi Executive Summary vii Chapter One: INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Proposed Intervention Work 2 1.3 Rational for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work 2 1.4 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan 3 1.5 Scope and Terms of Reference of the ESMP and Tasks 3 1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 4 1.6.1 Literature Review 4 1.6.2 Interactive Discussions/Consultations 4 1.6.3 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4 Chapter Two: Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 World Bank Safeguards Policies Triggered by SEEFOR and the Proposed Activity 5 2.3 Relevant Local and Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Administrative 5 Frameworks 5 2.3.1 State Legislations 5 2.4 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice 6 Chapter Three: Biophysical Environment 7 3.0 Introduction 7 3.1 Overview of the State 7 3.2 Topography 7 3.3 Climate 7 3.4 Ecology and Vegetation 7 3.5 Relief and Drainage 7 3.6 Soil Characteristics and Land Use 8 3.7 Land Use 8 3.8 Ecological Problems 8 Chapter Four: Socio-Economic Characteristics and Consultation with Stakeholders 9 4.1 Introduction 9 4.2 The People 9 4.3 Population 9 4.4 Settlements 8 4.5 Education 11 4.6 Religious Composition 11 4.7 Marriage and Family 11 4.8 Socialization and Social Organization 11 4.9 Economy 11 4.10 Occupation and Livelihood 11 4.11 Social and Economic Facilities 11 4.12 Infrastructures – Roads 12 4.13 Arts and Culture 12 iii 4.14 Poverty Index 12 4.15 Health Services 12 4.16 Medicine 12 4.17 Public Opinion - Réponses Survey Instrument (Questionnaire) 12 4.17.1 Age, Sex and number of Children of Respondents 14 4.17.2 Average Income of Respondents 14 4.17.3 Awareness of the Proposed Intervention Project 14 4.17.4 Perception of impacts of the project 14 4.18 Health Status Assessment 14 4.18.1 Respondents Common Health Problems 15 4.18.2 Respondents Opinion on Causes of Health Problems 15 4.18.3 Risk of Health Problem as a result of the Intervention Work 15 4.18.4 Other comments by the respondents on major socioeconomic issued envisaged 15 4.19 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns 15 4.19.1 The Objectives of Community Consultations 15 CHAPTER 5: Assessment of Potential Environmental and Social Adverse Impacts And Analysis of Alternatives 21 5.1 Introduction 21 5.2 Impact Identification and Evaluation 21 5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project 22 5.3.1 The Project Benefits 22 5.3.2 Negative Environmental and Social Impacts 22 5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes 22 5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Environmental and Social Impacts 22 5.3.5 Environmental Justice 22 5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives 23 5.4.1 No Project Option 23 5.4.2 Delayed Project Option 23 5.4.3 Go Ahead Option 23 CHAPTER 6 Environmental and Social Management Plan 24 6.1 Introduction 24 6.2 Mitigation Measures 24 6.3 Residual Impacts after Mitigation 24 6.4 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts 24 6.5 Environmental and Social Management Plan for the Corridors (Phase IV) 25 6.6 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing 27 6.7 Environmental Monitoring 27 6.8 Reporting Procedure 27 6.8.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents 27 6.8.2 Record keeping 28 6.9 Grievance Redress Mechanism 29 6.10 Institutional Arrangements 29 6.11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan 30 6.12 Institutional Capacity Building & Training 31 6.13 Review and Revision of the ESMP 31 6.14 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work 32 CHAPTER 7: Summary and Conclusion 33 References 34 Appendices 35 iv List of Tables Table Page Table 2.1: Triggered Safeguard Policies by SEEFOR Project 5 Table 4.1: Edo State Population Distribution 10 Table 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables 21 Table 6.1: Summary of Identified Potential Environmental and Social Impacts across the Corridors (Phase iv) 25 Table 6.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan per Lot 28 Table 6.3: Institutional Responsibilities 29 Table 6.4: Summary of Planned Stakeholder Engagement Scheduled by SPCU 30 Table 6.5: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management for the Entire Lots 31 Table 6.6: Budget and Schedule of Work 32 Table 6.7: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule 32 List of Plates Plate Page Plate 4.1: Some of the landlords/residents present during the Stakeholders’ Consultation List of Maps Map Page Map 1.1: Map of Edo State Showing The Distribution of Local Government Areas of Intervention. 37 List of Boxes Box Page Box 4.1: A Summary of the outcome of the consultation meetings held. 16 List of Figures Figures Page Figure 4.1: Age of respondents (years) 13 Figure 4.2: Marital status 13 Figure 4.3: No of children of respondents 14 Figure 4.4: Average Income of Respondents 14 Figure 4.5: Proposed Project Awareness among Respondents 14 List of Appendices Appendix Page Appendix 1: Detailed Description of the Proposed Activities 35 Appendix 2: Attendance of Stakeholders’ Met 37 Appendix 3- Details of the Consultation with Stakeholders Appendix 4: Pictures of some roads for Edo SEEFOR Phase IV Intervention Appendix 5- Environmental/Socioeconomic Assessment Questionnaire Appendix 6: Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2) v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BP Bank Policy CBO Community Based Organization CDD Community Driven Development CSO Community Support Organizations DO Dissolved Oxygen DS Dissolved Solids E(S)MP Environmental (and Social) Management Plan EA EnvironmentalAssessment EAR Environmental Audit Report EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas ESIA Environmental& Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FRDP Federal Roads Development Project GIS Geographic Information System HSE Health Safety and Environment HSE Health Safety and Environment IDA International Development Association IPM Integrated Pest Management LB Land Bureau LFN Laws of the Federation of Nigeria LGA Local Government Area MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies MDG Millennium Development Goals MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency MOE State Ministry of Environment MoH State Ministry of Housing N/A` Not Applicable NEEDS National Economic Empowerment & Development Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGO Non-governmental Organization NIWA National Inland Waterways Authority NS Not Specified OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank) OP Operational Policy PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPE Personal Safety Equipment RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RRC Road Rehabilitation Contractor SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency SMENV State Ministry of Environment SPM Suspended Particulate Matter TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulate vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS, Cont'd UNITS OF MEASUREMENT CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS cfu/ml Colony forming Al Aluminum unit per milliliter C Carbon cm Centimeter Ca Calcium dBA Decibel CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate ft Feet CCl4 Carbon Tetrachloride g Gramme Cd Cadmium k Kilogramme Cl Chloride g/cm Gramme per CO Carbon Monoxide Centimeter CO2 Carbon Dioxide Km Kilometer Cr Chromium m Meter Cu Copper m3 Meter Cube Fe Iron meq Milliequivalent H Hydrogen mg Milligramme H2O water mg/Kg Milligramme per H2S Hydrogen Sulphide Kilogramme Hg Mercury mg/l Milligramme per K Potassium Litre Mg Magnesium ml Millilitre Mn Manganese mm Millimetre N Nitrogen m/s Meter per Second Na Sodium NTU Turbidity Unit Na2PO4 Sodium phosphate o /oo Parts per thousand NaOH Sodium hydroxide oN Degree North NH3 Ammonia + PH Hydrogen ion NH4 Ammonium ion concentration NH4F Ammonium flouride ppb parts per billion Ni Nickel - ppm parts per million NO2 Nitrite ion - ToC Temperature in NO3 Nitrate ion degrees Celsius NOX Nitrogen Oxides �g Microgramme O2 Oxygen �S micro Siemen P Phosphorus �m micrometer Pb Lead % Percentage PO4 Phosphate SiO2 Silicate SO2 Sulphur dioxide SO4 Sulphate ion V Vanadium Zn Zinc vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES 1 Introduction The Federal Government of Nigeria is implementing the State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR) Project in four States, Edo, Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers. The project is financed by the World Bank through credit from the International Development Association (IDA) and grant from the European Union (EU). The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Budget & National Planning and Federal Ministry of Finance while that of state is the Ministry responsible for Budget and/or Economic Planning and/or Finance. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with state road maintenance/public works; collection, disposal, sorting and recycling of refuse & waste; grants to technical, vocational and agricultural training institutions and grants for community driven development (CDD) initiatives. The SEEFOR Project consist of three components: Component A: Youth Employment and Access to Socio-Economic Services Component A will support three main activity areas:  Sub-component A1: Youth employment through small public works contracts and institutional strengthening.  Sub-component A2: Grants to public technical, vocational and agricultural training institutions.  Sub-component A3: Grants for community driven development initiatives. Specifically, the intervention works which covers the three-senatorial district of the State shall include small public works such as drainage and culvert construction, concrete pavement, asphalt overlay, laterite filling, road cleaning/sweeping, cleaning/de-siltation of drains and vegetation control. ES 2 The Project Activities The project involves small public works which include drainage and culvert construction, concrete pavement, asphalt overlay, laterite filling, road cleaning/sweeping, cleaning/de-siltation of drains and vegetation control in the various locations. The Process flow of the various small public works include: select roads from the township in collaboration with Edo State Rapid Response Agency (EDRRA), advertise, public works/employment committee evaluate the bids and then select the most capable contractor per lot. The intervention sites (roads) are located in ten (10) Local Government Area (10) across the three Senatorial District of the State. The roads are bunched in different Lots within the districts. ES 3 Rationale and Objective of the ESMP In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities such as air pollution from dust particles generated by the project activities such as sweeping and civil work, noise pollution etcetera, it was considered expedient and necessary to prepare this site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed intervention work which is directed at protecting and minimizing any potential adverse environmental and social impacts. ES 4 Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental Management Guiding the ESMP In developing this ESMP, the 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies of the World Bank was consulted to eliminate adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making as summarized in table 2.1 of chapter 2. Similarly, extant laws as regards social and environmental impacts of developmental activities were consulted. Key among the relevant environmental laws of Nigeria that viii was consulted is the EIA decree 86 of 1992 which mandates the conduct of Environmental Impact Assessment for projects in categories 1 and 2. Thus for this ESMP, the Nig eria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were harmonized as far as possible. The study found consonance in several areas of the two-legal frame works. In event of dissonance between the World Bank Safeguards Policies and the extant environmental laws in Nigeria and or Edo State, the World Bank safeguards policies shall prevail. ES 5 Biophysical Description of Project Locations The proposed activities are within the three senatorial districts of Edo State. Edo State is located in the rain forest belt of Nigeria between longitude 5° E and 6° 42" and latitude 5° 45" N and 35" N. It is bounded by Kogi State to the North; by both Kogi and Anambra States to the East. Edo State shares border with Ondo State to the West and Delta State to the South. The State is generally low-lying except in the Northern part that is characterized by undulating hills. It experiences both wet and dry seasons; the wet season lasting from April to November while, the dry lasts from December to March. The South and Central parts lies in the forest belt while, the northern part is in the Guinea Savannah Zone. With a total land area of 19,281.93 square kilometres, the State has 18 Local Government Areas in three senatorial districts. ES 6 Potential Impacts and Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts & Mitigation Measures Generally, the biophysical assessment of the sites revealed that not all the lots have equal potential impacts. Majority of the roads for intervention are earth roads with very few corridors having existing drains. The drainages are uncovered and already silting up. The common potential risks observed are with respect to the SEEFOR worker’s protection. Some of the corridors are busy with traffic and fast moving vehicles. The risk of being knocked down reverberates in all corridors visited. Another potential negative impact is the quantity of dust raised by sweepers especially in commercial areas. This will be pronounced in the dry season. There is the social impact of obstruction to traffic during construction, sweeping and desiltation activities. Where these occur, the roads /road shoulders are completely inaccessible to motorists to drive through or pull over. PIUs needs to guide against elite capture in the location of civil works. Table 6.1 of the report presents details of the potential impacts envisaged. ES 7 Stakeholders Consultations The key stakeholders identified and consulted during the preparation of this ESMP include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected, business owners, LGA representatives etc. A list of those that have been met is shown in appendix 2 and their issues discussed. Plate 4.1 in appendix 3 shows some stakeholders met during the consultations. At the meeting, the overview of the proposed project was presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also told to the stakeholders. A summary of the issues/comments raised by the various stakeholders and how the issues were/are addressed at the meetings or by the Project are highlighted in Box 4.1. ES 8 ESMP Implementation and Management The successful implementation of the ESMP depends on the commitment of the sector and related institutions, and the capacity within the institutions to apply or use this ESMP effectively, and the appropriate and functional institutional arrangements, among others. Hence these key ESMP areas relevant to its successful implementation were included in the ESMP, namely: institutional arrangements, capacity building, environmental and social monitoring. In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness. ix The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to the project. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be conducted by trained individuals who can carry out the monitoring and record-keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment. Monitoring data shall be analysed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme, visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation will be conducted daily, for instance. ES 9 Institutional Arrangements Since one of the main purposes of ESMPs is to establish responsibility for the activities that have to be undertaken, arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the ESMP have been developed as outlined in Table 6.3 and Table 6.4.  Suffice it to say that EDO SEEFOR SPCU is the implementing authority, co-ordinates all policies, programmes and actions regarding the SEEFOR project and all issues relating to this ESMP. The Environmental and Social Safeguard Officer is in charge of ensuring compliance with this ESMP.  Other stakeholders shall come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected by or implicated by the projects. E S 10 Institutional Capacity Building & Training Based on the field assessment, to enhance the respective roles and collaboration of the relevant stakeholders, the following broad areas for capacity building have been identified as deserving of attention for effective implementation of the ESMP. Specific areas for effective institutional capacity needs are given in Table 6.5. ES 11 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures, necessary budgetary provisions has been made for this ESMP which includes the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. The cost of each measure has been included and included in the overall ESMP budget which is estimated at N65,150,000.00 (Sixty-Five Million, One Hundred and Fifty Thousand Naira only) (Table 6.6). The key elements of the implementation schedule are also shown as provided in Table 6.7. Table 6.6: Budget and Schedule of Work S/No Element Responsible No of Lot Rate Per Lot N 1 Mitigation SPCU ESSO, 45 850,000.00 38,250,000.00 Measures Contractor, MH, EDRRA & MOW 2 Stakeholder SPCU 45 240,000.00/Year 10,800,000.00 Engagement Plan 3 Monitoring Contractors/Site 45 320,000.00/Year 14,400,000.00 Committee members/SPCU 4 Training SPCU, Contractor / 45 38,000.00/Year 1,700,000.00 HSE Officer, consultant, management Grand total 65,150,000.00 ES 12 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project. It should also be disclosed at the Federal Ministry of Environment and the World Bank Info Shop. x ES 13 Grievance Redress Mechanism A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been designed by the Project and will be operational during implementation. The main objective of the GRM is to investigate complaints received by the Contractors, Edo SEEFOR SPCU, and Edo State Rapid Response Agency (EDRRA), and provide an early, transparent and fair resolution ES 14 Summary and Conclusion The proposed intervention work is to enhance youth employment and access to socio-economic service whilst improving the public expenditure management systems in the state. The intervention works which covers ten (10) LGA across the three Senatorial District of the State include public works such as drainage & culvert construction, concrete pavement, asphalt overlay, road cleaning/sweeping, cleaning/desiltation of drains and vegetation control in the various locations will require to great extent the use of raw manpower with the engagement of youths, who for instance, had dropped out of school but need to be meaningfully engaged. In conclusion, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will not severely impact negatively on the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the people. xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Federal Government of Nigeria is implementing the State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR) Project in four States, Edo, Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers. The project is financed by the World Bank through credit from the International Development Association (IDA) and grant from the European Union (EU). The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Budget & National Planning and Federal Ministry of Finance while that of state is the Ministry responsible for Budget and/or Economic Planning and/or Finance. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with state road maintenance/public works; collection, disposal, sorting and recycling of refuse & waste; grants to technical, vocational and agricultural training institutions and grants for community driven development (CDD) initiatives. The SEEFOR Project consist of three components: Component A: Youth Employment and Access to Socio-Economic Services Component A will support three main activity areas:  Sub-component A1: Youth employment through small public works contracts and institutional strengthening.  Sub-component A2: Grants to public technical, vocational and agricultural training institutions.  Sub-component A3: Grants for community driven development initiatives. Component B: Public Financial Management Reforms Component C: Project Implementation Support and Coordination Specifically, the direct beneficiaries of Component A – Youth Employment and Access to Socio-Economic services – are mainly youths who are unemployed and/or seeking to be trained in vocational and technical courses in order to find jobs or set up on their own, the technical and vocational training institutions themselves and the state ministries of education and agriculture. In addition, the state agencies responsible for public works and waste management will be provided with technical assistance for their oversight function on the sub-component for youth employment. The beneficiaries of the CDD sub- component are community groups and associations in the four participating States, including farmers, women groups and youths in the rural areas. The PFM component will provide technical assistance to support reforms and capacity building in MDAs that deal with State public finance. These will include offices and staff of Ministries of Budget and/or Economic Planning, Finance, Due Process/Public Procurement, Board of Internal Revenue and State Houses of Assembly. Achievement of the PDO will be measured by the following key performance indicators: (a) Number of people employed under SEEFOR youth employment program in participating states (disaggregated by self-employed, formal employment, and gender); (b) Number of people with access to services supported in targeted communities (disaggregated by specific services: water points, classrooms, electricity connections, improve sanitation facilities, etc.); (c) Percentage deviation of actual aggregate expenditure from budgeted expenditure in the participating states; and (d) Percentage of public contracts above threshold awarded through competitive process in each participating state. 1 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Despite being the second largest economy in Africa, unemployment of the youths in Nigeria is a vital issue that needs urgent intervention. Overall unemployment rate is about 21.4% and youth (15- 24 years) unemployment is about 25.2% and has been rising (NBS, 2011). The SEEFOR Project seeks to ensure that interventions through the various sub-projects address the unemployment issue in the various project states where the project will be implemented. Specifically, the intervention works which covers the three Senatorial Districts of Edo State include small public works such as asphalt overlay, spot improvement, drainage / culvert construction, laterite filling sweeping, vegetation control and desilting of drains in the various locations that have been identified. Towards ensuring the adequate management of environmental and social impacts, this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared by Edo State SEEFOR for the specific roads of interventions. 1.2 The Proposed Intervention Work Essentially, the intervention works which covers the three senatorial district of the State include small public works such as drainage construction, concrete pavement, asphalt overlay, laterite filling, road cleaning/sweeping, cleaning/de-siltation of drains and vegetation control in the various locations that have been identified across the State. Most of the activities shall be done manually (appendix 1) Edo State is located in Nigeria between longitude 5° E and 6° 42" and latitude 5° 45" N and 35" N. It is bounded by Kogi State to the North; by both Kogi and Anambra States to the East. Edo State shares border with Ondo State to the West and Delta State to the South. The intervention sites (roads) are located in ten (10) LGA across the three senatorial districts of Edo State, Nigeria (See appendix 1). 1.3 Rationale for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work During the preparation of the project, two instruments Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) were prepared for managing the project nationally without any specific location or magnitude of impacts in mind. Based on the identified impacts in the specific project location, these framework instruments need to be translated into specific costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for specific intervention sites through the preparation of site-specific management and action plans with this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities such as air quality degradation (dust), obstruction of traffic during work, risk of accidents to workers by vehicles, noise from heavy tractor, site incidents and accidents such as Trip, slip and fall by workers amongst others, it was considered expedient and necessary to prepare this site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed intervention work which is directed at protecting and minimizing any potential adverse environmental and social impacts. ESMP is ‘a tool that ensures undue or reasonably avoidable adverse impacts of a project are prevented and during the construction, operation and decommissioning’. It provides an essential tool for ensuring that the mitigation of negative impacts and enhancement of positive impacts is carried out effectively during the project life-cycle. The Project's ESMP consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be undertaken during implementation and operation in order to eliminate adverse environmental impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures. The ESMP is prepared and shall be implemented in line with World Bank Policy and Nigeria Policies and Laws. 2 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 1.4 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMP is intended to document the actions necessary to prevent or minimize predicted negative impacts, and to provide a framework for systematic management of environmental responsibilities, impacts and risks. ESMP contributes greatly to the success or failure of the sustainability of a project since it is designed to mitigate negative impacts of developments and includes monitoring which measures compliance to established requirements. With all intent and purpose, the main objective of this Environmental and Social Management Plan is to document the actions necessary to prevent or minimize predicted negative impacts of the construction projects. Also it stands to provide a framework for systematic managing of the responsibilities associated with the works are well mitigated with a view to ensuring environmental friendliness of the proposed project. Specifically, this ESMP shall be designed to ensure the following:  Compliance with relevant legislative requirements;  Achievement, enhancement and demonstration of sound environmental performance built around the principle of continuous improvement;  Provision of standards for overall planning, operation, audit and review;  Encouragement and achievement of the highest environmental performance and response from individual employee and contractors;  Rationalizing and streamline environmental activities to add value in term of efficiency and effectiveness;  Enabling management to establish environment priorities;  Integrating environment fully into the various activities of the proposed project and ensuring inclusion of environmental requirements into tender documents, continuing management and evaluation of the environmental performance of the project.  Providing detailed design criteria for specific mitigation measures to be implemented.  Tracking to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures at meeting the discharge standards.  Specifying appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to projects. 1.5 Scope/Terms of Reference of the ESMP and Tasks Specifically, the Scope of the ESMP includes: Preparation of site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for small public works activities such as construction, rehabilitation/maintenance of selected priority roads in 45 lots across the three senatorial districts of Edo State. The ESMP consists of a well-documented set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional actions to be taken before and during implementation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The ESMP also includes the measures needed to implement these actions, addressing the adequacy of the monitoring and institutional arrangements for the small public works activities. Tasks include the following: a) Describe the proposed activities to be funded /implemented by SEEFOR; b) Identify the significant environmental and social issues/risks associated with the proposed project activities; c) Develop a plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with construction and operation of the proposed activities; d) Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels; e) Develop a time-bound plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with the proposed activities f) Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels; 3 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV g) Identify monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the impacts assessed and the mitigation measures described above(in a-e); h) Provide a specific description of institutional arrangements: the agencies responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting, and staff training) and the contractual arrangements for assuring the performance of each implementing agency; i) Define technical assistance programs that could strengthen environmental management capability in the agencies responsible for implementation; j) Provide an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and k) Provide the expected capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of funds for implementing the ESMP and inform accordingly the design consultants so that these costs are duly taken into consideration in the feasibility report. 1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) This ESMP has been prepared in accordance with standard procedures for environmental assessment including the applicable World Bank Safeguard Policies and Nigerian Environmental Assessment Guidelines. The main approach/activity for preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) include the following: 1.6.1 Literature Review Review of the existing baseline information and literature material was undertaken. This assisted in gaining a further and deeper understanding of the project and the environmental and social conditions that exist in the intended states. Among the documents that were reviewed in order to familiarize and deeply understand the project included: Nigeria’s National Laws and/or Regulations on Environmental Assessments, World Bank Safeguards Policies, Project Appraisal Document, Project Implementation Manual and other relevant literature. 1.6.2 Interactive Discussions/Consultations As a process of initiating the process of continual consultation and involvement of the public in the project, various discussions were held with some resident/landlords of the public in the location. See chapter 4 for details of this interactive session. 1.6.3 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures The potential impacts were identified through generic and specific assessment of the sites for anticipated changes that could result in the light of the socio-environmental conditions (project-environment interactions) Mitigation measures have been proffered to either eliminate or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of specific actions, projects or programs while also enhancing positive effects. The approach to mitigation has been primarily preventive principles of anticipated impacts based on well-known negative outcomes of project-environment interactions. 4 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV CHAPTER TWO: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2.1 Introduction This chapter presents a concise discussion of the World Bank Safeguard Policies triggered by SEEFOR and the proposed activity. It also provides a summary of relevant local and federal policy, legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks. The national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the operation of the SEEFOR have already been discussed in Section 3 under Policy and Regulatory Frame Work of the national instrument, ESMF prepared for the overall project. As may be needed, for more details, cross references should be made to the ESMF for the institutional and regulatory framework for this ESMP. 2.2 World Bank Safeguards Policies Triggered by SEEFOR and the Proposed Activity The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making which are summarized in Appendix 2.1. Of these Safeguard Policies, the intervention work at the proposed site triggers Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) as indicated in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Triggered Safeguard Policies by SEEFOR Project Safeguard Policies Triggered by Triggered by Edo SEEFOR Project SEEFOR Project Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01) [X]Yes [ ] No per [ ] No Triggered as [X]Yes contained in this ESMP Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [X]Yes [ ] No NA Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [X]Yes [ ] No NA Pest Management (OP 4.09) [X]Yes [ ] No NA Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)5 [X]Yes [ ] No NA Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) ]Yes [X] No NA Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) X]Yes [ ] No NA Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ]Yes [X] No NA Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [ ]Yes [X] No NA Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) ]Yes [X] No NA NA= Not applicable to Lots in the Report 2.3 Relevant Local and Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Frameworks Federal Ministry of Environment (1999 Presidential Directive) The Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) was established by Decree No. 58 of 1988 and subsequently amended by Decree 59 of 1992 with further amendment by Decree 14 of 1999. FEPA was absorbed into the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) in 1999 by a presidential directive and its functions among others are now the responsibility of the new Ministry. The FEPA Act has now been repealed in the NESREA Act No 25 of 2007. The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act No 25 of 2007 5 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV The Agency, shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have responsibility for the protection and development of the environment, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of Nigeria’s natural resources in general and environmental technology, including coordination and liaison with relevant stakeholders within and outside Nigeria on matters of enforcement of environmental standards, regulations, rules, laws, policies and guidelines. With regard to sewage and domestic effluent control there are Federal Regulations and State Sanitation Laws. Some of these regulations include: • The National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution control in Nigeria (March, 1991), which is the basic instrument for monitoring and controlling industrial and urban pollution; • The National Environmental Protection (Effluent Limitation) Regulation s S.I.8 of 1991, which makes it mandatory for industrial facilities to install anti-pollution equipment, makes provision for effluent treatment and prescribes maximum limits of effluent parameters allowed for contraventions. It also provides that all industries in Nigeria should be operated on the basis of Best Available Technology (BAT); • The National Environmental Protection (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Wastes) Regulations S.I.9 of 1991, which imposes restrictions on the release of toxic substances • The National Environmental Protection (Waste Management) Regulations S.I.15 of 1991, which regulates the collection, treatment and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes from municipal and industrial source. • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act Cap 131 LFN 1991; This law makes it mandatory to have an EIA study for any major development project likely to have adverse effects on the environment and seeks to encourage the development of procedures for information exchange, notification and consultation between organs and persons when proposed activities are likely to have significant environmental effects on boundary or trans-state or on the environment of bordering towns and villages. The law prescribes the procedure for conducting and reporting EIAs. Sectoral 2.3.1 State Legislations In consonance with the need to protect public health and safety, and to restore and enhance environmental quality, and sustain economic vitality through effective and efficient implementation of environmental programmes, the State Government has set up State Ministry of Environment (MoE) that takes charge of Environment affairs in the State. Inter alia, the Ministry is empowered to give direction to all issues concerning the environment, monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the states. Some of the functions of the State Ministry of Environment include: (i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMERV to achieve a healthy or better management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment (ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance of environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry (iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards, (iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and (v) Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for all development projects in the State. Some of the regulations operational in the State include the following; 1. Edo State Waste Management Board (EWMB) The EWMB is a board under the direct supervision of the Edo State Ministry of Environment and Public Utilities (MEPU). Its functions include: compilation, transporting, processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials. Waste materials include solid, liquid and gaseous substances. Other responsibilities include the development of guidelines, standards and regulations for pollution control and waste management as well as examination and compliance monitoring of industrial facilities (Nigerian Government, 2011). 2. Edo State Ministry of Local Government regulations The Ministry of Local Government amongst others is charged with the responsibility of: 6 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Co-ordinating the activities of Local Government Councils; Resolving Local Government and Communal Boundary Disputes; Maintenance of Law and Order in Local Government Areas in collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies; 3. Edo State Rapid Response Agency Edo State Rapid Response Agency was established under the Edo State Rapid Response Agency Law CAP. E30 0f 31st August 1999. It is an intervention body set up by Government to meet with emergencies that require urgent intervention without undue delay associated with the normal bureaucracy. Some of the functions of the Agency include:-  Emergency maintenance of Roads and drainages  Emergency provision of Potable Water and Electricity  Emergency reconstruction and rehabilitation of Public Infrastructure (Movable or Immovable)  Emergency provision of Shelter.  These functions are discharged through direct labour as far as practicable to avoid undue delay. 2.4 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice In order to make the ESMP responsive to the objectives of good practice, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank Environmental Assessment were harmonised as far as possible. The principles inherent in the environmental and social standards of the World Bank Safeguard on Environmental Assessment are in tandem with the FMENV EIA procedures and processes. For instance, World Bank categorization of EA as A, B, & C corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of impacts associated with a given project. There are significant similarities between World Bank Safeguards Policies and the EIA Act of Nigeria. However, in the event of dissonance between World Bank Safeguards Policies and the EIA Act and or any other extant laws in Nigeria, The World Bank Safeguards Policies shall supersede. 7 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV CHAPTER 3: BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.0 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the environmental characteristics of the project location and area of influence, particularly those elements of the environment that may be impacted upon by the project and which should be included in the monitoring programme. The environment in this context includes the biophysical components. 3.1 Overview of the State Edo State has a total land area of 19,281.93 square kilometers. The state has three senatorial districts, 9 Federal House of Representative Seats, 24 State House of Assembly seats, 18 local government areas (LGAs) and 192 political wards. The 3 senatorial districts are roughly delineated along the main ethno- cultural lines of the state. The local government areas are grouped into three senatorial districts. The Edo South Senatorial District, which has 7 LGAs and constitutes 57.54 per cent of the population, is made up of Edo (Bini) speaking people. The Edo North Senatorial District has 6 LGAs and constitutes roughly 25 per cent of the population. It is made up of the Afemai and Akoko-Edo people. The Afemai include the Etsako (12.19 per cent) and Owan (7.43 per cent) while the Akoko-Edo speaking people constitute 5.70 per cent of the state population. The Edo Central Senatorial District has 5 LGAs and home to the Esan people that constitute 17.14 per cent of the state’s population. Several minority ethnic groups such as the Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo, Igbirra and Ika-Igbo are also found in some LGAs in the state. Most of the ethnic groups however share cultural similarities, which stem from their historical affinities to the ancient Benin Kingdom (Cleen Foundation, 2012). 3.2 Topography The State is low lying except towards the north axis where the Northern and Esan plateaus range from 183m of the Kukuruku Hills and 672m of the Somorika Hills characterized the landscape. 3.3 Climate The State experiences both wet and dry seasons; the wet season lasting from April to November while, the dry lasts from December to March. The state is however not homogeneous with respect to local climate. The rainfall distribution pattern range from 2900 mm per year in the south and as low as 350 mm per year in the north, The rainfall patterns is characterized by double maximum pattern in each given year as observed from the twenty- year data from the Benin synoptic station. The annual mean rainfall averaged over a twenty (20) year period indicated that Benin had 2,147.36 mm. 3.4 Ecology and Vegetation Characteristics Edo State is typified by low land rain forest ecosystem. The South and Central parts lies in the forest belt while, the northern part lies in the forest belt while, the northern part is in the Guinea Savannah Zone Thus while, fresh water swamp, mangrove and riverine areas abound in the Southern part, Savanna ecosystems dominate the far northern part. Human interference especially subsistence and large scale farming have reduced many naturally occurring forests to secondary ones as well as tree crop plantations and bush fallow lands. Cash crops especially plantations of Elaeisguineensis and Heveabrasiliensis as well as the cultivated annuals form the agro-ecological systems of Edo State. Based on the vegetation types, this environment can now be divided into the following distinct vegetation areas: Secondary lowland rain forest; Swamp forest strip along the flood plains; and Patches of farmlands and fallow lands. Human interference has however, led to the presence of plantations for rubber and oil palms as well as forest reserves. Extensive exploitation of forest resources, cattle grazing and persistent bush fires have combined to reduce areas of forest vegetation to derived degraded savannah. The exploitation of these resources must be controlled through deliberate state interventions to ensure that our forestry reserves remains sustainable over time. 8 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 3.5 Relief and Drainage: The distinct relief regions in the state include: the swamps/creeks, the Esan plateau, Orle valley and the dissected uplands of AkokoEdo Local Government Area. There are six types of physical features which constitute the landscape of Edo State. In the Benin lowlands is found a sandy coastal plain and alluvium clay with some hills in the east. Slopes are tilled in the southwest direction. Rivers Osse, Orihionmwon and lkpoba drain the area. With the exception of River Osse that has a wide flood plain, the other rivers are characterised by steeply incised valleys in their upper courses; they become broad as they enter River Ethiope in Delta State. The Esan Plateau ranges from 213 to 305m. It is characterised by sandstone hills, numerous dry valleys, steep slopes in the northern and southern portions but gentle slopes in the west. The Orle valley is developed on sandstone and runs in an east west direction with Rivers Owan and Orle as the main drainage outlets westwards and eastwards, respectively. The dissected uplands of AkokoEdo on the other hand, range from 183m to 305m. Outstanding features of the uplands include granite peaks, which rise above 610m and sandstone in the south. In addition, erosional and stable land sur faces are predominant. 3.6 Soil Characteristics and Land Use Soil type in the state is generally the red yellow kind of ferralsols. Variation in Akoko-Edo consists of shallow/stony reddish clay at the feet of inselbergs in the higher parts, lateritic clay and fine grained to sandy soils in the upper slope/lateritic tablelands and ferruginous soils on the crystalline acid rocks of the basement complex. In Orle valley, the soil is lateritic/gravelly sandy, while on the Esan Plateau, the soil is either clayey sand or porous red sand. Soil type in the Benin low land; ranges from loose poorly productive sand in the southeast to fertile clayey soil in the northeast Close to the Niger, the Osse and the Benin Rivers are alluvial and hydromorphic soils. Soil textural classification is the relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay present in a soil. The texture of a soil affects the water absorption/infiltration rate, and water holding capacity owing to the different pore spaces that are characteristic of the different soil fractions. Thus, the soil texture also determines the amount of soil aeration, ease of tilling, and soil fertility (Udo, 1986). The soils of Edo state are largely clay and silk, but tend to sand towards the coastal areas. They are characteristically red and brown in colour. The Harmonised World Soil Database of the various zones show that each zone has soil physical parameters that are different from other zones. 3.7 Land Use Land Use refers to the various uses to which land is put in the State. Land use pattern in the most areas were ascertained by observing directly in the site, the various uses to which is been utilized by the inhabitants and activities in the communities. A significant portion of the land in the area is put into agricultural use. Other significant sections of the land support forest growth, fallow lands and rivers. Roads, communal dwelling places and other infrastructures occupy land areas in the State. 3.8 Ecological Problems The main ecological problems in Edo State are soil erosion, scarcity of water and outcrops of basement rocks. Erosion is acute in Auchi and its environs as well as in Egor and lgueben on the Esan Plateau. Rainfall and the removal of vegetal cover are the main causes of the problem. Scarcity of water is widespread during the dry season. The period of acute water shortage, varies from three months in the Benin lowlands, about five months on the Esan Plateau and sever months in the remaining northern parts of the state The depth of the water table and the absence of large storage facilities are mainly responsible for the prolonged period of water shortage on the Esan Plateau. 9 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV CHAPTER FOUR: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS 4.1 Introduction This chapter present the socioeconomic characteristic of the people within the project sites and the report of consultation held with relevant stakeholders. 4.2 The People The main ethnic groups in Edo State are: Edos, Afemais, Esans, Owans and AkokoEdos. A lot of communities and indeed the ruling dynasties in all the clans trace their roots to the ancient kingdom of Benin. Virtually all the groups traced their origin to Benin City hence the dialects of the groups vary with their distance from Benin City. The Bini speaking people who occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas of the state constitute 57.54% while others Esan (17.14%) Afemai compirising of Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%). However, the Igbira speaking communities exist in Akoko Edo as well as Urhobos, Izons, Itsekiris communities in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas especially in the borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke in Orhionmwon LGA. 4.3 Population The 2006 census Edo State has a population of 3,218,332. The population figure consisted of 1,640,461 males and 1,577,871 females. However, the current population projection of the State is about 5 million. and a population density of 168 persons per square kilometre. The categorization of the urban centres is shown in Table 4.1. 18 or 75% of the urban centres are local government headquarters while 6 or 25% of other centres that evolved as urban due to other factors such as natural increase, agricultural and commercial activities. Table 4.2 shows the population distribution by local government and the number of house hold as at 2006. With respect to distribution of population and household numbers, while it is expected that the capital city would be the most dense, the northern senatorial district appears to be more populated than the central. Table 4.2 further clarifies the distribution including the number of house hold per local government area. 4.4 Settlements: Edo State is made up of several settlements most of which are rural. Like many other settlements in Nigeria, settlements in Edo State are also fast urbanizing. The major urban centres include Benin City, Auchi and Uromi. Other urban settlements include all local government headquarters, a status that was conferred on them by government. All these settlements are on the priority list of government for settlement development. However, there are medium sized settlements such as Ibillo, Ososo, Jattu, Okpella, lgueben and Fugar that have also received government attention in terms of the provision of social services. 10 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Table 4.1: Edo State Population Distribution 11 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 4.5 Education In Nigeria, Edo State has one of the highest rates of school enrolments (primary and secondary levels) for young adults and adolescents compared to anywhere in Nigeria (76% of boys and 71% of girls are in school). School enrolments for girls are significantly less than for boys (71% of girls in school compared to 76% of boys in school). There is a high dropout rate between the ages of 16 and 19 years, with only 50% school enrolment recorded during this period. This dropout occurs between the primary and secondary levels and also between secondary and tertiary levels. 4.6 Religious Composition Edo State is a multi-religious state. It has a good mix of adherents of Christianity, Islam and Traditional religions. One remarkable thing about religion in the state is that many people, especially the Binis, are very proud of their Christianity and openly practice it. Traditional religion can be said to be the official religion of the Bini monarchy. To this day the Benin monarch, his Chiefs, Enogies and other traditional title holders still dress like catholic priests, alongside other varieties of Benin royal dresses. 4.7 Marriage and Family Polygamy is the preferred form of marriage, although in the twentieth century monogamy has come to be favored by some Christians and the educated. Up to 40% of families in Edo State are polygamous. This has unfavourable effects on the sexual and reproductive health of young adults. Indeed, polygamy is associated with high dropout rates from schools and unemployment among youths. High number of unplanned pregnancies with high number ending in abortion (46% of sexually active girls have ever been pregnant, 66.6% of pregnancies are unplanned and 49.6% of these ended in abortions). 4.8 Socialization and Social Organization In Benin the extended family is the unit of socialization within which the individual learns the necessary social and occupational skills. Babies are cared for by their mothers, grandmothers, and elder sisters. The basic organizing principle within both the village and the urban ward is the division of the population into age sets. Every three years, boys who reach the age of puberty are initiated into the age grade (iroghae), whose main duties within the village include such tasks as sweeping open spaces, clearing bush, and fetching water. After the age of 25 to 30, they pass into the ighele grade, which executes the decisions made by the senior age set, the edion. The elders are exempted from physical labor and constitute the executive and judicial council of the village, led by an elected senior elder ( odionwere ). Generally, factors such as the extent of one's Western education and the nature of one's employment —or lack thereof—play a role in determining one's position in the multidimensional system of social stratification. 4.9 Economy Edo State is an agrarian State as depicted in the proportion of land area used for agriculture which plays a critical role in the economy of Edo State. With good vegetation, soil types, adequate rainfall and diverse ecology, over 2 million hectares of land is available for arable cropping. Edo State is also richly endowed with wood and forestry resources. In livestock development, the state has a great potential for commercial production own in the proportion of land area that is forested. 4.10 Occupation and Livelihood Farming is the dominant economic activity for both the males and females who are involved in food crop production and in trading which is the second most important source of income. For men, hired labour ranked third, while artisan works ranked fourth. Females regarded artisan works as third most important income source in the community. Ethnically, the people are widely known to be very resourceful, hardworking, sociable, friendly, accommodating and peace loving. They are highly enterprising and are reputed for their farming acumen as the dominant occupation of the people is agriculture. Secondary and tertiary activities such as commerce, industry, social services are also being engaged in the urban area. 4.11 Social and Economic facilities Several social and economic facilities are located, including electricity, industries, health and educational facilities, markets and transportation. However, most of these are located in the local government headquarters which are the major urban centres in Edo State and other few centres some of which are 12 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Ibillo, Otuo, Ihievbe, Agbede, and Okpella. Notable infrastructure established especially in local government councils headquarters includes hospitals, health centres, schools, markets, roads, drainages, electricity and water. The presence of these infrastructures has transformed these centres to become centres of growth and development. 4.12 Infrastructures-Roads Edo State is trans versed by a network of Federal (Trunk A and E), State (Trunk B), township and rural earth roads (Edo State, 1999). Consequently, the State is well linked to other parts of the country, particularly Lagos, Abuja, Warri, Onitsha, lbadan, et cetera. Good township roads are found in Benin, Ekpoma, Igarra, Ibillo and Ubiaja; the roads aid intra-settlement movements. The construction of dual carriage and state of the art roads and the rehabilitation of existing ones are meant to ease the movement and enhance economic activities in every part of the State. Every part of the State is now easily accessible from Benin City, the State capital. 4.13 Arts and Culture Edo State is a foremost centre for arts, crafts and festivals in Nigeria. Benin City, the State capital is known worldwide as a famous treasury of works of art, plaques, masks etc. Handicrafts like pottery, utility carvings, mats, jewelries, clothes and iron works are also economically valuable works of arts in the state. The major religions of the people are Christianity, tale Islam and African Traditional Religion 4.14 Poverty Index In a study of Landscape of Poverty in Nigeria based on the significance of spatial contiguity using Senatorial Districts – level, Edo State spatial association was found to be composed into three components, viz: ■ Senatorial districts with low concentration of poverty with similar neighbours: low-low. – Edo South ■ Senatorial districts with high concentration of poverty with low concentration of poverty neighbours: high-low. Edo Central ■ Senatorial districts with low concentration of poverty with high concentration of poverty neighbours: low-high. Edo North 4.15 Health Services The state's health care delivery system comprises three teaching hospitals (two in Benin City and one in Irrua), government hospitals, maternity centres and dispensaries. Notable private hospitals in Edo State are Osula and Ekpen in Benin City, Nazareth in Fugar, Faith and Notre Dame in Jattu in Etsako and Alafia Clinic in Igarra, Auchi and Ibillo. 4.16 Medicine The Edo distinguishes between common and serious illnesses. The former can be treated at home or by Western-trained doctors; the latter must be treated by specialists in traditional medicine, whether priests or diviner/healers. Serious illnesses (childhood convulsions, smallpox, etc.) are believed to be caused by witches or by deities angered over the violation of a taboo. Traditional medical practice centers around belief in osun, the power inherent in leaves and herbs that grow in the bush. Most adults have a basic knowledge of herbalism which help them to care for their immediate families, but there are also specialists, both priests and diviner/herbalists, who treat a variety of illnesses. Edo today distinguish between "White man's medicine," for the treatment of diseases such as measles, and "Edo medicine," which is still used for problems such as barrenness or illness created by witches. 4.17 Public Opinion - Réponses Survey Instrument (Questionnaire) In order to create awareness and elicit comments on the proposed intervention work from the nearest would-be affected persons and other stakeholders beyond the stakeholders’ consultations held, administration of structured questionnaires and oral interviews of persons were carried out in the various zones. A sample-size of 5 respondents per corridor was randomly selected to sample the people’s opinion of the situation in the respective areas. 13 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 4.17.1 Age, Sex and number of Children of Respondents In Figure 4.1, the age distribution of the respondents is presented. It reveals 5% within the age of 11 to 20, 17 % within the age of 21 to 30, 24% of the respondents within the age group of 31 to 40 years, 15% within the age of 41 to 50 while 39% are aged 51 above. Most of the respondents are elderly people living within the project corridors. 11 - 20 years; 21 5% - 30 years; 17% 51 years and above; 39% 41 - 50 years; 15% 31- 40 years; 24% 11 - 20 years 21 - 30 years 31- 40 years 41 - 50 years 51 years and above Fig. 4.1: Age distribution of the respondents in percentage. Figure 4.2 presents the marital status of the respondents. The schema below shows majority of the respondents, 67% were married, 29% single, 1% separated, 0% divorced, 3% widowed. Figure 4.3 reveals that 29% of the respondents have no children while 60% have 5-6 and above 6 children respectively. 11% of them have 1 to 2 children. 80 67% 70 % of respondents 60 50 40 29% 30 20 10 1% 0% 3% 0 Married Single Separated Divorced Widowed Fig. 4.2: Marital status of the respondents No children 29% 5- 6 children and 1 - 2 children above 11% 60% No children 1 - 2 children 5- 6 children and above Fig. 4.3: No of children of the respondents 14 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 4.17.2 Average Income of Respondents In figure 4.4, 46% of the respondents earns below N11,000, while 23% of them earn between N11,000 and N20,000 and only 31% of the respondents earn above N40,000. 50 46% 40 % of respondents 31% 30 23% 20 10 0% 0 N 1,000 - N 10,000 N 11,000 - N 20,000 N 31,000 - N 40,000 N 40,000 and above Fig. 4.4: Average Income of Respondents 4.17.3 Awareness of the Proposed Intervention Project From the responses, it was observed that larger percentage of respondents had awareness of the proposed SEEFOR intervention. 78% of the respondents in the area agreed to the response of being aware of the proposed intervention site, while only 22% of the respondents claimed not to have prior awareness of the intervention projects. No awareness 22% Have Awareness 78% Have Awareness No awareness Fig 4.5: Proposed Project Awareness among Respondents 4.17.4 Perception of Impacts of the Project All respondents interviewed agreed that the service will bring significant positive impacts to the community rather than negative impacts. None indicated negative impacts. The comments ranged from the fact that the project will bring convenience to the people while also presenting opportunities for improved commercial activities, more income and better means of livelihood on the long run. Precisely 89% of respondents expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the interventions while the 11% were indifferent. 4.18 Health Status Assessment This sub-section presents the baseline health data of communities in the zones. It is comprised mainly of information (perception) generated from sampled groups around the project site and members of the communities. 15 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 4.18.1 Respondents Common Health Problems Majority of the respondents (94%) indicated that Malaria was the most prevailing health problems, followed by typhoid fever and other health problems. 42% of the respondents indicated that typhoid was next to malaria, 34% indicated respiratory disorders such as cough was also very common. They indicated that most people visit the hospital when they are indisposed 4.18.2 Respondents Opinion on Causes of Health Problems Again about 93% associated health problems such as malaria to poor sanitary conditions of the environment rather than lack of basic infrastructures such as good roads. Although some commented that the poor drainage has indirect bearing in health issues in the proposed project areas. The response was overwhelmingly in support of poor sanitary conditions including exposure to causal factors such as mosquito bite are the root causes of sicknesses. 4.18.3 Risk of Health Problem as a result of the Intervention Work Majority of the respondent are of the opinion that they are not at risk of any health problem as regards the intervention work. The remaining are not sure or feels they are at risk of health problems or other deleterious effect of the project. 78% of respondents felt the construction aspect of the project will create some level of noise and air pollution during project execution but they felt it will not necessarily be sustained after the construction. They however do not feel the project would create significant negative effect with respect to erosion, disturbance of road side traders, alteration of aesthetic beauty of the environment and accidents. 80% felt some noise and dust or smoke could be generated, 48% felt accidents could occur, 8% felt the project could generate soil erosion, only 3% indicated that the aesthetic beauty of the environments could be compromised. 4.18.4 Other comments by the respondents on major socioeconomic issued envisaged Majority of the respondents (97%) saw the intervention from SEEFOR as a tool that will improve the status of their community’s socio-economic status. From the comments, many felt the project is the best thing that could happen at this time. Specifically, the road rehabilitation and drainage construction will improve traffic and transport situation attract more people into the communities and improve economic situations through free movement of goods and services. Some felt the multiplier effect is reduction of youth restiveness; since many of them will be employed. The respondents were interviewed on the support they feel they should give to the project and the response ranged from safeguarding the project, cooperation with the contractors, supply of required information and participation in the project by providing labour during the construction and after. 4.19 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns It is recognised that one key factor that exists in all successful approaches to project development and implementation is participation by relevant stakeholders. The more direct involvement of the local level people in the planning and management processes, the greater the likelihood that resource use and protection problems will be solved as well as the likelihood of development opportunities occurring in a balanced way and to the broad benefit of all communities in the project. Thus, Community Participation was considered in the entire process as a fundamental tool for: managing two-way communication between the project proponent and the public, building understanding and improving decision-making by actively involving relevant stakeholders, especially the project affected persons, groups and organizations with a stake and reducing the likelihood for conflicts. 4.19.1 The Objectives of Community Consultations 1. Canvass the inputs, views and concerns; and take account of the information and views of the public in the project design and in decision making. 2. Obtain local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision-making; 3. Facilitate consideration of alternatives, mitigation measures and trade-offs; 4. Ensure that important impacts are not overlooked and benefits maximized; 5. Reduce conflict through the early identification of contentious issues; 6. Provide an opportunity for the public to influence the designs and implementation in a positive manner; 16 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 7. Improve transparency and accountability in decision-making; and 8. Increase public confidence in the project. The key stakeholders identified and consulted during the preparation of this ESMP include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected and business owners, etc. A list of those that have been met is shown in Appendix 2 and their issues discussed. Plate 4.1 of appendix 3 shows some stakeholders present during the consultations. At the meeting, the overview of the proposed project was presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also told to the stakeholders. A summary of the issues/comments raised by the various stakeholders and how the issues were/are addressed at the meetings or by the Project are highlighted in Box 4.1. Box 4.1: A Summary of the outcome of the consultation meetings held. Issues/Comments Raised by Communities Response/How Addressed EDO SOUTH 1. A community member from Okaeben Street 1. The Project Engineer said that the street is a very short expressed his appreciation and admonished road and is being given the necessary attention. He also that the project must be executed to engage assured him that their youths will be gainfully employed for their youths. He further promised that they one year. will ensure the safety of workers and equipment on site during project execution. 2. We want to know the scope of construction 2. The scope of work covers asphalt overlay, drainage plan for ovoranmwen road so that we can construction, sweeping, desilting of drains and vegetation give our intellectual support. control amongst others. SPCU team + RRA team + the contractor’s team shall always be on ground to ensure proper execution of plan. SEEFOR project engages in small public works activities and have a budget constrain. However, your intellectual support is welcome. 3. Opinions of the people must be made to 3. This stakeholder meeting and others being conducted are count by utilizing suggestions provided. geared towards eliciting the people’s opinion in order to enrich the entire process of SEEFOR in her project 4. A stakeholder from Friendship Street execution. Everyone’s opinion counts. expressed her gratitude towards the 4. The area is ravaged by erosion and requires government proposed project on her road. According to intervention. The project shall intervene by laying of her, “our road have been in a total bad shape asphalt and constructing drain/laterite filling on the road in and abandoned for long� she stated. She order to make the road motorable. therefore pledged the community support towards the execution of the project. 5. The workers that SEEFOR will employ, how will they be safe at work knowing well that 5. The workers/beneficiaries that will be employed for the their work activities is on the road? Is there purpose of the small public work activities shall be insurance for them? provided with relevant PPE, road signs and safety trainings on continuous basis. The beneficiaries engaged shall be made to work within their places of residence as part of safeguards measures put in place. Orientation on safety shall be given to them from the very onset of employment. The safety of workers is very important to World Bank and the SEEFOR project. There is no 6. One of the community members from insurance for them; however the contactors are Okokhuo Ema village road requested to know responsible for them. Divine safety belongs to God the nature of activities to be done in their Almighty! community. 17 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 7. We are very happy to see the project come out successful as we shall cooperate and 6. Project Engineer said that the project will carry out support the successful execution of the reclamation of failed portion with piling of rock boulder and project. According to him, “our roads have rock/stone base chipping. been abandoned for a long time and we hope that our youths shall be engaged too� he 7. SEEFOR project is designed to employ youths from stated. around the project location to reduce cost of transportation and other safety issues the Project Safeguards Officer stated. For your youths to be employed, they must be 8. Our road has been in a bad shape and there within the age bracket of 18-35yrs and must willingly is no easy access. register during the time of registration of eligible beneficiary. The employment is for a period of one year 9. One of the community members from Horny and their salary is N18,000 per month. Although, part of G. & Divine Street asked whether SEEFOR their salary will be saved but it will be handed over to them will intervene beyond Dominion Church. at the end of the project year. 10. When will the project be executed and what is the nature of intervention to be 8. The project will lay asphalt and construct drainage on the carried out by the project on our road. road and the pool of water will be removed. 9. The project will work up to Dominion church but cannot work beyond it because of budget constraint. 11. How will waste be managed on this project? 10. The Project Procurement Officer told them that the project will commence on or before July, 2017 and the Project Engineer said that drainage and asphalt overlay will be carried out on their road. 11. Arrangement has been made with the prospective Contractor in the Bid document and with Edo State Waste Management Board for prompt evacuation of resultant waste as a result of the project. EDO CENTRAL 12. One of the community members from 12. The Safeguards Officer told them that the proposed small Ikinago Ujosanle road complained about public work activities for the road is asphalt overlay, serious flooding in the area and pleaded that sweeping/cleaning, vegetation control amongst others. the project should help construct drainage “SEEFOR project cannot carry out some activities and culvert. because of budget constraint. This is why we are involved with small public work activities� she reiterated. However,� 13. We want to know when the employment we shall convey your request to the office� she concluded. of beneficiaries will begin so that we can apply and also, how many beneficiaries will be 13. The project has a mechanism put in place for the employed. employment of beneficiaries. A CSO shall be engaged to register eligible beneficiaries. There shall be advert publication made either on radio, TV and local newspapers etc. and selection will be made. As much as 100 youth shall be engaged in this area. 14. No, the community is not contributing any money. SEEFOR is an assisted project financed by the World Bank through the International Development Association 18 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 14. Is the community contributing any (IDA), with grant from the European Union and counterpart money? fund from Edo State Government. Your responsibilities are to take ownership of the project by protecting, preserving, defending and supporting it as much as possible in your domain. 15. We want the road leading to our health centre in Opoji road to be constructed. 15. We shall convey your request to the office. However, 16. We shall do our best to protect and there is a process for it and you will need to apply. render any assistant that will be required for 16. Thank you for their concern and your eagerness to the successful execution of the project. help. This is what the project is all about “ownership�. You 17. Can we bring our babies to work? must own the project because it belongs to you all. 17. You cannot bring your babies to work for SEEFOR small public work activities. This is because, PPE for babies are not put in place; they are very fragile and are easily exposed to danger, germs and diseases as their immune system are not fully developed. They can be 18. I want to know the initiator of the project. exposed to dust, heat, cold, knock down by vehicle, fall and injuries, amongst others things. It is not safe at all. 19. We appreciate the project for the good 18. Edo SEEFOR project is financed by the World Bank works. We also appeal for the construction of through credit from the International Development drainage along side with the asphalt because Association (IDA), grant from the European Union (EU) and our area is an erosion prone area. counterpart funding from Edo State Government 20. Can a civil servant apply for SEEFOR job? 19. SEEFOR project is a small public works activity that has a little envelop but your request shall be conveyed to 21. Is SEEFOR job a permanent? the office to know whether it can be considered in the next phase. 22. A community member from Ohue 20. The Safeguards Officer told them that a civil servant Oghene Street asks if the project can give cannot apply for SEEFOR job because it is meant for the support to an individual farmer. vulnerable and youths without means of livelihood. 23. I want to know the conditions for the removal of a proposed project. 21. The Safeguards Officer told them that it is for a period of one year. 22. The Safeguards Officer said “NO� through Small Public Works Activities but “Yes� through FADAMA III sub- component of the project . She however stressed that FADAMA III project support co-operative famers and not individual farmers. For more information, she concluded, “Please contact FADAMA III Project at ADP Office, Airport Road, Benin City�. 23. Proposed project can be removed when it is not environmentally and socially safe. In order words, when it pose a serious danger/threat to man and its environment 19 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV and did not meet the Safeguard Policies. EDO NORTH 24. One of the community members from 24. The road in question was executed by CSDP. For Igarra Girls Road requested to know why a further enquiries, please contact the officials of CSDP in particular road along Igarra Girls was not Benin City completed. 25. A community member from Igarra Girls 25. The Safeguards officer told them that the proposed road pleaded that the project should be projects will surely be executed once it is finalized. executed when approved. 26. How can our students and jobless 26. The Safeguards Officer said that the essence of this youths benefit from this project? project is to empower the people by engaging them in the small public works activities through road construction and maintenance, and the conditions are as follows: i. They must be between the ages of 18 – 35years; ii. They must reside within the area of intervention; iii. The students are to manage their time. 27. The project is for the vulnerable people that will 27. Please, increase the salary and age appreciate the salary. The World Bank is mainly limit of the beneficiaries. concerned about the youths/vulnerable within the age bracket of 18-35 years. If the salary is increased, it is very possible that the job will not get to the targeted audience as it can be hijacked by the elite in the society. 28. The Safeguards Officer said that the budget cannot carry the construction of drainage system in this phase. 28. We commend the project on the However, “I shall convey your request to the office� she intervention that was carried out in Momodu stated. Ajayi Road to Cocoa Spot (asphalt overlay). We are also requesting that drainage should go along with it so that it can stand the test of 29. The Safeguards Officer said that; time. i. The continuity/maintenance of such intervention is not 29. We thank the project for the proposed meant for SEEFOR Project only. You as a community project intervention and further request the have a role to play by taking ownership/ maintenance of project for: the project. SEEFOR is responsible for one year. ii. The contractors are responsible for the disposal of dirt as i. Continuity of the project like maintenance; provided for in their contract document and spelt out in our ii.Disposal of the dirt gathered by the workers; ESMP. Construction of speed bump; iii. iii. I shall convey your request for speed bump to the office. iv. Is the employment of the beneficiaries iv. The employment is not pensionable because every pensionable? vulnerable youth have a right to benefit and, it is for a period of one year. However, 15% savings shall be made from their monthly salary and given to them at the end of the intervention year (one year). 30. Is it possible for the project to award asphalt and drainage contract on a particular 30. It is possible to carry out drainage construction and road in the same phase? asphalt overlay on the same road but it depends on the length of road, nature of road, SEEFOR budget amongst 31. Do we have the right to report any others. SEEFOR Project does not attend to gully sites for issues to the project or police? example. They only intervene in small public work activities please. 20 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 31. Yes, you every right to report issues to the project but not to the police. We have a Grievance Redress 32. A community member from Father Mechanism in place to attend to all issues promptly. Piotin Street, off New road, Agenebode expressed their appreciation and promised to 32. The APC and the Safeguards Officer appreciated take ownership of the project. them for their concerns and promise. CHAPTER 5: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Introduction This chapter contains a summary of the impacts that are likely to result from the intervention work as a result of the interaction between the project components and the environmental elements. The method employed for impact identification and evaluation is also given in this chapter. 21 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 5.2 Impact Identification and Evaluation The identification and management of impacts associated with work activities were based on a risk assessment method which involves:  Identification of intervention activities that may interact with the site environment.  Implementing controls to reduce the risk of impacts.  Monitoring the effectiveness of the controls. The key activities of the proposed intervention work were identified and then interacted through the pathways (or events) that may cause impacts on the environment. The associated potential impacts where then identified and listed. The risk of the impacts occurring was analysed by determining the consequence severity of the impacts and the likelihood of consequences occurring. The severity of the consequences was determined using a Consequence Severity Table and the likelihood of an impact resulting from a pathway was determined with a Likelihood Ranking Table and then the level of risk was determined using a Risk Matrix (Table 5.1). To prevent or minimise the impacts, controls were placed on the pathways in this order of priority:  Elimination of the activity.  Substitution with a lower risk activity.  Best solutions (engineering and administrative) to reduce the impact of the event and/or control the activity.  Clean up or remediation measures to mitigate impacts after an event. Table 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables Consequence Severity Table Level Consequence 1 Insignificant No detectable impact to the existing environment 2 Minor Short term or localized impact 3 Moderate Prolonged but recoverable impact on the environment and commercial industries 4 Major Prolonged impact to the environment which may not be recoverable and threatens an ecological community, the conservation of species or the sustained viability of commercial industries. 5 Catastrophic Non-recoverable change to existing environment leading to loss of endangered species or creation of human health risk. Likelihood Ranking Table Level Likelihood A Almost The incident is expected to occur most of the time (i.e. every time). certain B Likely The incident will probably occur in most circumstances (i.e. regularly, weekly) C Moderate The incident should occur at some time (i.e. quarterly) D Unlikely The incident could occur at some time during the life of the project. E Rare The incident may occur only in exceptional circumstances and may never happen. Table 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables, cont’d Risk Matrix Table 22 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Where:  H (High impact) - Senior management involvement and planning needed  S (Significant impact) - Senior management attention needed and careful planning and implementation  M (Moderate) - Impact Management responsibility must be specified  L (Low impact) - Manage by routine procedures. 5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project 5.3.1 The Project Benefits The project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts. Some of these are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in which the project is designed to meet its objectives. 5.3.2 Negative Environmental and Social Impacts The proposed development unfortunately is also likely to exert adverse impacts on the social and physical environment within which it is executed. These impacts can be divided into short-term construction related impacts and long-term operation unavoidable impacts. The short-term impacts include construction traffic, dust, construction related noise, and disruption of vehicle and pedestrian traffic. A more project specific potential negative impacts and the level of impacts that could emanate from the projects are summarized in Table 6.1. 5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes The proposed project sites will neither consume nor alter significant land, environmental and socio- cultural resources. The proposed project will not generate other significant demands on natural resources of the immediate or surrounding area nor disturb archaeological sites. Thus no long-term losses of significant resources are anticipated during the intervention works. 5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Environmental and Social Impacts Cumulative impacts are changes to the environment that are caused by an activity in combination with other past, present and future human activities. The envisaged cumulative /secondary impacts arising from the intervention works is considered minimal. This is based on the fact that the project area is not located close to any environmental sensitive area; there is no known environmental degrading facility close to the project location. Most importantly, the project is an intervention work to rehabilitate devastated environment, per se. Thus, no environmentally disruptive impacts are associated cumulatively. 5.3.5 Environmental Justice The intervention activity serves the entire public based on the location. Thus, it is not meant for a particular section of the society. The neighbourhood within which the intervention will take place will rather be enhanced and not affected negatively by the physical environmental impacts more than other areas. 23 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives In the context of this ESMP, analysis of project alternatives refers to the performance of the natural and socio-economic resources with or without the project or with or without the implementation of the measures of this ESMP and/or another safeguard instrument considered appropriate. The need for analysis of project alternatives is based on being able to judge the sustainability in time, as a complement to the evaluation phase of the project, it is considered relevant to establish the behavior of the environment into the future. For this purpose, some alternatives are analyzed to evaluate the character, magnitude and time within which alterations are caused over each one of the environmental elements, considering or not the implementation of the ESMP for the project. For projects of this nature, there are usually a number of viable options that can be considered. These alternatives include: the no project option; delayed project; alternative site/location and project execution option. For this project, analysis of the various alternatives is presented as follows: 5.4.1 No Project Option The no project option implies that the proposed project shall not be executed; hence there is no need to carry out this study. This option though is environmentally friendly; nevertheless, it keeps every user of that road suffering the worsening conditions; In addition, the project is designed to mitigate any negative impacts that may arise during the life of the project. Therefore, choosing the no project option will mean a loss of preliminary investments made by the project proponents on the project, risk of loss lives and loss of job opportunity to Nigerians. The ‘no project option’ is therefore not considered a viable option. 5.4.2 Delayed Project Option This option implies that the planned project will be delayed until a much later date. Such option is usually taken when conditions are unfavourable to project implementation such as in war situation, or where the host community is deeply resentful of the project. Also, if the prevailing economic climate is not quite favourable to the project, then delayed project option may be feasible. None of these conditions is applicable. Indeed, both the economic and the political environment are most favourably disposed towards the project. Therefore, the implication of delayed project option will mean that all the preliminary work and associated efforts/ costs incurred would have come to nothing. Also, because of inflationary trends, such a delay may result in unanticipated increase in project costs, which may affect the final target from the project. These, and other related problems make impracticable to adopt the delayed option. 5.4.3 Go Ahead Option This option means going ahead with the intervention work. This also entails harkening to professional advice on the most practicable option such as spelt out in this ESMP and other relevant safeguard instruments and/or best practices relating to the execution of the proposed project. This will definitely reassure the road users of their safety. It will also aid in trade and commerce and create employment. The environmental threats from flooding as a result of bad or lack of drainage maintenance will be reduced drastically. This option is therefore considered the most viable and recommended for implementation. 24 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Introduction In order to ensure that environmental and social management objectives and actions are integrated into the project planning and design based on identified impacts, this chapter has been developed. It provides specific description of the impacts identified, mitigation measures as well as the institutional arrangements, i.e. who is responsible for carrying out the mitigating and monitoring measures (for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting and staff training). The ESMP is implemented throughout the project life-cycle. 6.2 Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures are activities aimed at reducing the severity, avoiding or controlling project impacts and where possible enhance environmental quality through the designed alternatives, scheduling or other means. Mitigation measure includes avoidance (alternative action taken to avoid impact), compensatory payment of money or replacement in kind for losses or recreation of lost/damaged habitat. The measures proposed are specific, measurable, achievable and relevant to the proposed and time based (SMART). The measures also took into account the environmental laws in Nigeria, and internationally and the principles of sustainable development and best available technology. Table 6.1 outlines a summary of the potential impacts associated with the project, together with corresponding mitigation measures and other institutional responsibility. 6.3 Residual Impacts after Mitigation Residual Effects can be considered as those that remain significant following the application of mitigation measures, although they are likely to have been reduced in magnitude as a result of the mitigation measure implemented. Overall, on balance, with the provision of the proposed mitigation measures as outlined in Table 6.1, the positive impacts of the scheme will considerably outweigh the negative impacts. The public as a whole will benefit from the completion of the scheme. Once the mitigation measures outlined are implemented, the residual impact of construction and operation on the different elements identified will not be significant. 6.4 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts. A Mechanism for Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts has been developed in relation to the  Project Concept and design,  Waste Management Plan  Work Schedule  Weather Conditions  Public Education and Public Relations  Cleaning, Personal Behaviour and Hygiene  Safety and Health  First Aid 25 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 6.5 Environmental and Social Management Plan for the Corridors (Phase IV) The summary of identified potential Environmental and Social Impacts across the corridors is shown in table 6.1 below. Table 6.1: Summary of Identified Potential Environmental and Social Impacts across the Corridors (Phase IV) Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Responsi Cost (N) Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring bilities indicators frequency Responsibilities Asphalt  Air quality degradation (Dust)  Stabilize the road surface with gravel & other rocky surfacing Contractor 280,000.00  Air quality Daily/Weekly Edo SEEFOR overlay / materials/ check air quality periodically / reduce dust by  HSE plans / Routinely Safeguards concrete wetting during the dry period, especially for untarred roads  Number of Officer pavement / liable to generate dust community reclamation  Obstruction of traffic during work &  Provide adequate warning signs such as ‘’men at work’’ / complaints to of failed risk of accidents to workers by traffic controller during work period local potions, vehicles authorities construction  Noise from heavy tractor  Check noise level periodically / provide ear protection/ limit about of drainage / construction works in built up areas/human habitations to day dust/noise drain time / while in highly commercialised areas, limit construction  Local amendment / activities to day time. complaints of laterite filling  Site incidents and accidents such as  Provide appropriate and adequate PPE and HSE training for excessive and use of Trip, slip and fall by workers workers waste and heavy  Contamination of ground water by  Regular maintenance of P&E, proper storage of chemicals and odour equipment diesel, grease, oil, asphalt etc or other oils, appropriate dispersants and surfactants  Quality of soil and hazardous harmful mechanical fluids  Lift heavy machines on low bed trucks / productivity materials  Damage to road by machine tracks,  Integrity of during compact soil, erosion from runoffs.  Preparation of proper waste management Plan of action. road structures construction  Workers exposed to hazardous  Accident due works materials  Provide temporary sanitation (e.g latrine), where this is not to erosion of  Contaminate surface water and possible instruct crews to employ soil mining (digging a pit for road generate trash due to lack of solid human waste and covering with soil immediately after use).  Occurrence of waste management Collect all solid waste from all site areas and dispose of by illness or working with the Edo State Waste Management Board for disease prompt evacuation.  Increased soil erosion leading to sediment in runoff and, possibly, gully formation from:  Construction material shall be sourced from government  Construction activities such as approved borrow sites/pits through government grading, excavations, and accredited/licensed borrow pit operators in the state. borrowing/quarrying  Drains should not be abruptly terminated rather they will be  Inadequate design of culverts and terminated in a natural body of water. drainage controls  Use of local labour/education on avoiding communicable  Social disruption during construction diseases/hygiene (e.g enhanced transmission of STDs and TB)  For Horny G & Divine St. (where the  Drainage construction work should be extended to termination street abruptly terminated at an of street at point of excavated pit/ditch with heavy concrete 26 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV excavated pit/ditch) work (stone pitched) to prevent further cave in.  For Ebo Street, Uselu (flood prone  Drain should be constructed at a gradient to control flood and area where street meet with Federal prevent silting up. road without adjoining drain)  For Agba Illekpi Road, Lampese (at a  Shedding off of some part of the building should be avoided point where the width distance and asphalt should be overlay on the available width distance between two houses is less than 6m) of road. Vegetation  Obstruction of traffic during work &  Provide adequate warning signs such as ‘’men at work’’ Contractor 150,000.00 Compliance to Daily/Weekly/ Edo SEEFOR control risk of accidents to workers by /traffic controller during work period and work at low traffic PPE provision Routinely Safeguards vehicles periods and use , HSE Officer plans/absence of  Use of cutlass  Provide cutlasses that are in good shape and sharp enough to injury do the work with ‘�filer� for the blade�  Injury from working tool  Provide HSE training and PPE  Insect bites  Provide insect repellents and appropriate PPEs during work Road  Air quality degradation (Dust)  Reduce dust by wetting during the dry period, especially for Contractor 220,000.00  Air quality Daily/Weekly/ Edo SEEFOR sweeping untarred roads liable to generate dust  HSE plans Routinely Safeguards  Obstruction of traffic during work &  Provide adequate warning signs such as ‘’men at work’’  Number of Officer risk of accidents to workers by /traffic controller during work period community vehicles complaints to  Site incidents and accidents such as  Provide appropriate and adequate PPE and HSE training for local Trip, slip and fall by workers workers authorities  Attack of female workers by  Schedule female workers around where they live and include about hooligans because of coming out too males as co-workers and create crèche-like facilities for dust/noise early and nursing mothers with babies nursing mothers for the hours they work.  Occurrence of on their back while work accidents  Waste generation  Work with the Waste Management Board for daily evacuation of the waste , especially early hours of the day when the sweeping have been completed and waste containers should be cleaned and sanitized daily after work to minimize contamination potential and this should be heavily enforced Drainage De-  Obstruction of road shoulders with  Work with Waste Management Board for daily removal of Contractor 200,000.00 HSE plans/ Daily/Weekly/ Edo SEEFOR siltation drainage debris rubbish as soon as they are brought out from the drains. absence of Routinely Safeguards  Obstruction of traffic during work &  Provide adequate warning signs such as “men at work’’ /traffic sediments Officer risk of accidents to workers by controller during work period removed from vehicles roadside,  Site incidents and accidents such as  Provide appropriate and adequate PPE, make first aid available frequency trip, slip and fall by workers and HSE training for workers  Health risk of contamination with dirt  Ensure workers are fit health-wise/make first aid available and also arrange for prompt transportation in case of emergency Cost per Lot   850,000.00 Total cost for   38,250,000. 45 Lots 00 27 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 6.6 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness Specifically, this shall help to:  Improve environmental and social management practices;  Check the efficiency and quality of the environmental management processes;  Establish the scientific reliability and credibility of the ESMP for the project and  Provide the opportunity to report the results on safeguards and impacts and proposed mitigation measures implementation. 6.7 Environmental Monitoring The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to the intervention works. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be conducted by trained individuals who can carry out the monitoring and record-keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment. Monitoring data shall be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme, visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation should be conducted daily, for instance. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in Table 6.2. 6.8 Reporting Procedure The nature of issues to report and manner of reporting are outlined below: 6.8.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents Any environmental or social incidents shall be documented (Appendix 5). The report shall be transmitted to the relevant Ministry of Environment and Waste Management Board or Critical Rescue Agency by the SPCU, where necessary/applicable. The reporting shall be with a view to taking appropriate mitigation measures. All complaints received should be investigated and a response (even if pending further investigation) is to be given to the complainant within 5 days. The following information must be provided: • Time, date and nature of the incident/report; • Type of communication (e.g. telephone, personal meeting); • Name, house location and contact telephone number of person making the complaint. If this person wishes to remain anonymous then “not identified� is to be recorded; • Details of response and investigation undertaken as a result of the incident/complaint; • Name of person undertaking investigation of the incident/complaint; • Corrective action taken as a result of the incident/complaint. The report shall be rendered for both internal (in-house) uses all phases of the project for internal and external (public) consumption through the regulators. Table 6.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan per Lot 28 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 6.8.2 Record keeping Activities & Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Monitoring Budget (N) Activity Impact Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsible Drainage/Asph  Air Quality, Wet ground before sweeping Contractor Level of Dust, Daily Safeguard 50,000.00 alt Overlay,  Noise Use of quality PPE noise, officer Cleaning /  Traffic  Work procedure compliance to Sweeping, obstruction  Work at low traffic PPE provision drainage de-  Trip, slip periods and use , HSE siltation and and fall  PPE/work procedure plans vegetation  Worker risk  Proper waste disposal control. knock down plan by vehicle  Warning signs/Work  Disturbance of when traffic is low people  Work before people come round Health & Safety : Carry out Hazard Contractor Responsible Before Supervising 50,000.00 Risk of accidents assessment, provide training HSE behavior Start of Engineer/ and incidents ( in proper work procedures and culture & work and Environmental trip, cut and fall, and use of PPEs and ensure HSE Plan by routinely safeguard contamination in proper work procedures and Contractor officer drains etc) provision and use of appropriate PPEs for given tasks Ground water, Regular maintenance and Contractor Oil and Grease Weekly Environmental 50,000.00 sensitive habitat proper storage and handling Specialist and soil oils for equipment contamination by oil/grease during drainage/asphalt overlay Waste Generation Evacuation Contractor Frequency, Routinely, SEEFOR 70,000.00 Visual Daily Environmental Assessment, Specialist General Aesthetics. Training Execute Contractor Responsible Routinely SEEFOR 50,000.00 HSE behavior and culture. Compliance Socio-economics Find opinions regarding Contractor/SEE Questionnaires, Once in a SEEFOR 50,000.00 benefit of program in FOR direct years relation to generation of observations employment, Lifestyle, state and interviews. of health and occupational activities, income, gender characteristics, no of women participating Cost of Monitoring per Lot 320,000.00 Total Budget for Monitoring for 45 Lots 14,400,000.00 Good records are the paper trail that will prove that this ESMP is working as intended. Keeping records of inspection of maintenance programme for mitigation measures, training programme, etc will be useful to demonstrate that the ESMP is being complied with or not .The type of records from the various management and monitoring programmes include: completed forms, checklists and maintenance logs, identified problems and corrective actions undertaken and monitoring data / results. Some other types of records will also be valuable for assisting with the implementation of the ESMP and/or ESMP Review such as: Incident forms (especially pollution incidents and response, accidents, etc.), Internal and external communications regarding the ESMP (e.g. with waste management) and results of internal or external assessments and compliance visits. 29 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 6.9 Grievance Redress Mechanism A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been designed by the Project and will be operational during implementation. The main objective of the GRM is to investigate complaints received by the Contractors, Edo SEEFOR SPCU, and Edo State Rapid Response Agency (EDRRA), and provide an early, transparent and fair resolution. The community members are aware that there are provisions for addressing complaints or grievances that they could arise in the course of project implementation. The grievance procedure will further be made available to the aggrieved persons through project implementation and shall be strengthened in order to ensure that all comments, suggestions and objections received from the stakeholders are dealt with appropriately and in a timely manner. Below is the flowchart of stages in the GRM: Flowchart of Stages in Grievance Redress Mechanism Complainant GRM Unit registers High risk? makes and categorizes complaint complaint Yes Referral to No Yes No implementing agency required? GRM Unit informs Implementing GRC and TTL complainant of False agency investigates notified outcome complaint True Complaint GRC reviews resolved? complaint outcomes Yes GRC recommends Annual Report on action No GRM 6.10 Institutional Arrangements Since one of the main purposes of ESMPs is to establish responsibility for the activities that have to be undertaken, this sub-section details below institutional arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the ESMP as outlined in Table 6.3. Table 6.3: Institutional Responsibilities Institution/Personnel Roles & Responsibilities EDO SEEFOR Overall Implementing authority to deliver and supervise the ESMP which includes the mandate to:  Co-ordinate all policies, programmes and actions of all road construction across the States  Ensure the smooth and efficient implementation of the project’s various technical programmes  Cooperate through a Steering Committee that provides guidance to the technical aspects of all project activities;  Maintain and manage all funds effectively and efficiently for the projects  Ensures project activities implemented comply with World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria By adequate Supervision of the contractors, supervisors and site engineer, training of contractors and workers, monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP etc. by the relevant SPCU officers Edo SEEFOR: Safeguard Officer  Ensure that World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with.  Ensure that the ESMP is fully implemented by the supervision of the contractors, supervisors 30 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV and site engineer, training of contractors and beneficiaries, monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP, etc. M&E officers  Monitoring and evaluation of project implementation State Ministry of Work  Site assessment and monitoring of works and engineering activities EDRRA, State Government  Lead role to ensure adherence to this ESMP and applicable standards, environmental and social MDAs, liability investigations, monitoring and evaluation process and criteria Edo State Ministry of Environment and Public Utilities Other MDAs  Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected by or implicated projects such as utility. World Bank  Provision of oversight, capacity building of the proponent as needed.  Provides overall supervision and guidance on implementation of safeguards in the project  Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework and implementation performance. Contractor/Supervisors/Site  Ensure that World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied Engineers with on site.  Develop and implement contractors ESMP consonance with project ESMP,  Ensure that workers consistently use PPE, adequate signage's are in place, traffic is managed, waste generated by the project are collected, transported and disposed off at government approved sites for such wastes etc. Local government  Support in monitoring project execution within their domains to ensure compliance with this ESMP and other relevant requirements Local Community  Promote environmental awareness  Assist and Liaise with other stakeholders to ensure proper siting and provision of approval for such sites  Support with provision of necessary infrastructures and engage/ encourage carrying out comprehensive and practical awareness campaign for the proposed projects, amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups. CDA/CDOs  Ensure Community participation by mobilizing, sensitizing community members and providing third party oversight NGOs/CSOs  Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, conducting scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques, Organizing, coordinating and ensuring safe use of volunteers in a response action, and actually identifying where these volunteers can best render services effectively & providing wide support assistance helpful in management planning, institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter, project impacts and mitigation measure, awareness campaigns etc. 6.11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project. It should also be disclosed at the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank Info Shop by the SPCU. A key element of sustaining stakeholders’ support in any project execution is to consult and communicate with the stakeholders effectively and to engage them as early as possible with the project which has been done in the course of preparation of the intervention work and further enhanced during the preparation of this ESMP. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement needs to be managed and driven by a well-defined strategy. Table 6.4 provides a Summary of the stakeholder engagement plan. Table 6.4: Summary of Planned Stakeholder Engagement Scheduled by SPCU Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline based on Needs Project email, postal address and contact All stakeholders Once-off establishment details Fact Sheet and FAQ sheets All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project Briefings State Government, Local Government, Site As required, subject to the approvals process committee, World Bank Newsletters, Media and Advertising All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project Site tours Regulators, Site Committee, community, As required World Bank, etc Personal meetings Targeted stakeholders As required 31 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Community Sessions Residents of affected areas/ community and As required, subject to approvals route and interest groups feedback from the community Develop and disseminate feedback and All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project complaints mechanism and communications procedures Briefings, site tours and community Government authorities, local communities, Prior to Work Plan approval sessions - for development of the • Additional relevant stakeholders rehabilitation and closure Plan Advertising / media release (update on All stakeholders Regular milestones) Operations Ongoing community liaison Local community Ongoing Project updates All stakeholders Monthly (last working day) Responding to issues and inquiries as per All stakeholders Ongoing / as required feedback and complaints mechanism Annual reporting All stakeholders Annually Budget to be determined based on profile of stakeholders, duration, location and size (a 60,000.00/Lot/Quarter = (60,000 x 45 x 4) = provisionary sum is provided) N10,800,000.00 6.12 Institutional Capacity Building & Training Based on the field assessment, to enhance the respective roles and collaboration of the relevant stakeholders, the following broad areas for capacity building have been identified as deserving of attention for effective implementation of the ESMP. Specific areas for effective institutional capacity needs are given in Table 6.5. Table 6.5: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management for the Entire Lots Programme Description Participants & Location Form Of Duration/Loca Training Conducting Cost (N) Training tion Agency Module 1  ESMP and its integration in Engineer, Lecture and ½ Working World Bank 500,000.00 project execution Contractors/MOE, and Field Visit Day Environmental Specialist,  Pollution monitoring during other relevant MDAs in SEEFOR Safeguard operation SEEFOR Office Benin Specialist /External  Waste management and need Agency engaged for PPE and adherence to the use. Module 2  Relevance and use of PPE Contractors & workers in Lecture and ½ Working SEEFOR Safeguard 300,000.00  First Aid management the field at various lots Field Visit Day Specialist /External  Managing security issues Agency engaged Module 3  Safety during construction Workers in Lecture Two hours External Agency 300,000.00 drainage/asphalt overlay lecture +SEEFOR Safeguard locations Specialist Module 4 Contractors –Supervisors Lecture Two hours SEEFOR Safeguard 300,000.00  Waste management, cleaning & Workers in each lot lecture Specialist and sanitizing, personal hygiene and sanitation Module 5  Monitoring and reporting Engineers, MoE, & Lecture and ½ Working SEEFOR Safeguard & M 300,000.00 system relevant MDAs, Field Visit Day and E Specialists  Community participatory Community /External Agency monitoring and evaluation leaders/CDOs/NGOs at engaged each Senatorial District TOTAL 1,700,000.00 6.13 Review and Revision of the ESMP As the need arises, this ESMP may be reviewed and updated to reflect the current information about the sites should changes that are considered significant, environmentally speaking, occur since this first version. The changes could be in the project description or new requirements/legislation coming into effect in the course of the project execution. Any changes to the ESMP need to be reflected in the information in the ESMP about the site, pollution controls and/or programmes and systems. Each of these will therefore also need to be updated. A copy of the revised version will be sent to relevant regulatory authorities as the case maybe. 32 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 6.14 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures, necessary budgetary provisions has been made for this ESMP which includes the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The cost of each measure has been included and included in the overall ESMP budget which is estimated at N65,150,000.00 (Sixty-Five Million, One Hundred and Fifty Thousand Naira only) (Table 6.6). The key elements of the implementation schedule are also shown as provided in Table 6.7. Table 6.6: Budget and Schedule of Work S/No Element Responsible No of Lot Rate Per Lot N 1 Mitigation Measures SPCU ESSO, Contractor, 45 850,000.00 38,250,000.00 MH, EDRRA & MOW 2 Stakeholder SPCU 45 240,000.00/Year 10,800,000.00 Engagement Plan 3 Monitoring Contractors/Site Committee 45 320,000.00/Year 14,400,000.00 members/SPCU 4 Training SPCU, Contractor / HSE 45 38,000.00/Year 1,700,000.00 Officer, consultant, management Grand total 65,150,000.00 Table 6.7: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule S/N Activity Description Responsible Operation (Month) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Disclosure of ESMP Report SPCU 2. Allocating Budget for ESMP SPCU 3. Appoint of Safeguard Officer SPCU by Contractor 4. Review and Approval of SPCU Contractor’s ESMP Waste & Safety Plan 5. Finalisation of Engineering SPCU/Contractor Designs 6. Implementation of Mitigation SPCU/Contractor Measures 7. Supervising ESMP SPCU/Contractor Implementation 8. Monitoring & Reporting on SPCU /Contractor ESMP Implementation 9. Environmental Training Contractor/HSE Consultant 10. Total 33 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The public work activity is to enhance youth employment and access to socio-economic service whilst improving the public expenditure management systems in Edo state. This is the project development object. The intervention works which covers the three senatorial district of Edo State include public works such as drainage construction, concrete pavement, asphalt overlay, laterite filling, road cleaning/sweeping, cleaning/de-siltation of drains and vegetation control in the various locations that have been identified across the State require to great extent the use of manpower with the engagement of youths, who for instance, are vulnerable or dropped out of school but need to be gainfully employed for a source of livelihood. Thus the main benefits of the intervention identified include employment opportunities, poverty reduction, asset creation, national reputation and cultural promotion, among others. Some negative impacts during implementation have been identified. The negative impacts include dust raising, noise and traffic disturbance of the neighbourhood which have been identified as transient, lasting only during the intervention work. In conclusion, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will not severely impact negatively on the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the people. 34 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV References  Commonwealth of Australia (1999): National Water Quality Management Strategy, Effluent Management Guidelines for Intensive Piggeries in Australia  CSIR. 2002. Guidelines for standardised Environmental Management Plans for projects within the water resource management component of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. CSIR Report ENV-P-C 2002-032. Prepared for DWAF, Directorate: Social and Ecological Services, Pretoria.  Civil Contractors Federation (,2011):ENVIRONMENTAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE GUIDELINEs EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL  Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEAT). 2004b. Environmental Management Plans, Integrated Environmental Management Information Series 12. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.  Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999): Summary of The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Second National Fadama Development Project (NFDP II)  Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (2003): Third National Fadama Development Project (Fadama III), Rural Infrastructure, Manual No. 4, August  Hill R.C. (2000): Integrated Environmental Management Systems in the implementation of projects. South African Journal of Science 96: 50-54.  Lochner, P. (2005): Guideline for Environmental Management Plans. CSIR Report No ENV-S-C 2005-053 H. Republic of South Africa, Provincial Government of the Western Cape, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning, Cape Town.  Ministry Of Agriculture And Animal Resources (Minagri) (2010): Environmental Management Plan (EMP) For Nyanza 23 Sub Project , Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting And Hillside Irrigation Project (LWH) Prepared by Green and Clean Solution Ltd  Multiple Development Services (MDS )(2010): Environmental Management Plan for Infrastructure (a Multi-level Office Building Complex in Lekki, Lagos  Ramsay , J. (2006): Compendium on Relevant Practices on Improved Decision-Making, Planning and Management of Dams and their Alternatives, Key Issue – Environmental Management Plans, Final Report , United Nations Environment Programme Dams and Development Project, November  UNEP (1988): Environmental Impact Assessment , Basic procedures for developing Countries.  World Bank (1999 ): Environmental Management Plan , OP 4.01 - Annex C January  World Bank (2013): Project Implementation Manual For State Employment and Expenditure For Results (SEEFOR) Project, Annex 42 , March  Okpoko, E, EgbokaB., Anike, L & Okoro, E.(2013): Rainfall Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply in Water Stressed Communities in Aguata-Awka Area of Southeastern Nigeria in Environ. Eng. Res. 2013 June,18(2) : 95-101  J. Poesena, J., Nachtergaelea, J., Verstraetena, G., & Valentinb, C (2002): Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs, Catena 50 (2003) 91–13, www.elsevier.com/locate/catena  Umec Associates, a Consulting Civil, Structural and Water Resources Engineering firm, is one of the consultants engaged by the Anambra State Ministry of Environment to study and design appropriate erosion control structures for St. Thomas Aquinas/Neros Plaza gully gully erosion site, 35 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV  Uzoije, A.P, onunkwo, A, A, Ibeneme, S.I and Obioha, E.Y (2014): Hydrogeology Of Nsukka Southeast, – A Preliminary Approach To Water Resources Development, in American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320- 0936 Volume-03, Issue-01, pp150-162  Otti V. I., Ejikeme, I. R., Nwafor, A.U. (The Environmental Effects of the Drainage System and Flood Control in Awka Urban City  International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 3 No. 1, January, 2013 ISSN: 2049-3444 © 2013 – IJET Publications UK. All rights reserved. 28 APPENDICES Appendix 1: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES EDO SEEFOR PUBLIC WORKS ACTIVITIES-PHASE IV (LOTS 64-108) Location and Description of Project Activities S/N LOT LOT LOCATION LGA DESCRIPTION OF NO WORK 1 64 Asemota Street, off Airport Road, Benin City Drainage/Asphalt Overlay OREDO 2 65 Okaeben Street, off James Watt Road, Benin City Drainage/Concrete OREDO Pavement 3 66 Miller to Ogunweyin road, Ugbor. OREDO Asphalt Overlay. 4 67 Prisons - Ohuoba Street road off Sapele road, Benin OREDO Drainage/Asphalt Overlay City. 5 68 Justin Okonoboh Drive off Solomon Eghianruwa off OREDO Asphalt Overlay/culvert Edosomwan street Ugbor, Benin City 6 69 Akpofa/Nwaka Road off 2nd Ugbor OREDO Drainage/Asphalt overlay 7 70 National Open University road off Ekenhuan Road, Drainage/Asphalt overlay Benin City OREDO 8 71 1st Ofunwengbe New Benin OREDO Concrete/Drainage 9 72 Okokhuo Ema village road from Okokhuo no dugbo to OVIA NORTH Reclamation of failed Ema, Ovia North East. EAST LGA Portion using Concrete Pavement. 10 73 Alhaji Yero Lecky Street, Auchi ESTAKO WEST Asphalt Overlay 11 74 Phillip Agbaje road besides Godom Motel, Ososo, AKOKO- EDO Asphalt Overlay Akoko-Edo. 12 75 Horny G & Divine Street, off Airport Road, Benin OREDO Drainage/Laterite Filling City to Dominion Assembly Church 13 76 Horny G & Divine Street, off Airport Road, Benin City OREDO Asphalt overlay to Dominion Assembly Church. 14 77 Father Piotin Street off New Road, Agenebode ETSAKO EAST Asphalt Overlay 15 78 Ovoranmwen Street, between Igun and Old Western OREDO Drainage/Asphalt overlay Road Benin City 16 79 Ofumwengbe street between Iwehen and 2nd Ibiwe OREDO Drain /Asphalt overlay 36 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV road, Benin City 17 80 Friendship Street off Okhoro, Benin City EGOR Drainage/Laterite Filling 18 81 Friendship Street off Okhoro, Benin City EGOR Asphalt overlay 19 82 Ikinago Ujosanle Road, Opoji Esan Central ESAN CENT. Asphalt Overlay LGA 20 83 Ohue Ogene Street off Idumebo road, Irrua, Esan ESAN CENTRAL Asphalt Overlay Central 21 84 Chris Mary road, Off Textile Mill Road EGOR Drainage/Laterite filling 22 85 Chris Mary road, Off Textile Mill Road EGOR Asphalt Overlay 23 86 Okpe Post Office road, (from Express to IgarraGirls) AKOKO EDO Asphalt Overlay Igarra. LGA. 24 87 Okpe Post Office road, (from Igarra Girls to Momodu AKOKO EDO Asphalt Overlay Ajayi Junction) Igarra. LGA 25 88 Old Police Station building Road , off Old Lagos UHUNWONDE Asphalt Overlay Ehor, Uhunwode LGA /Drain/Culvert construction 26 89 Igbinosa Street, off Irhinrhin, OREDO (Asphalt Overlay) 27 90 Ibienafe Township Road, South Ibie, Etsako West ESTAKO WEST Asphalt Overlay 28 91 Ebo Street, Uselu. EGOR Drainage Construction 29 92 Ebo Street, Uselu EGOR Asphalt Overlay 30 93 Ayanyor Omoigui street off 2nd Ugbor Road OREDO Asphalt Overlay/Drainage Construction 31 94 Abttaoir Road by slope, Ikpoba Okha. IKPOBA OKHA Concrete Pavement/Culvert LGA. /Drain Completion. 32 95 Powerline Road off Eweka Road, and Part Uwa road IKPOBA OKHA Asphalt Overlay and Part off Maria Gorreti, Upper Sakponba. Drain 33 96 Unueru Street, off Sakponba OREDO Drainage/Asphalt Overlay 34 97 Imuetinyan street, between St Stephen and 3rd, Benin OREDO Asphalt Overlay City 35 98 Agba Illekpi Road, Lampese, Akoko Edo. AKOKO EDO Asphalt Overlay. LGA 36 99 Oliha Street off Sapele OREDO Concrete /Drain Construction 37 100 Iyobanosa Street, Uselu EGOR Asphalt Overlay 38 101 Old Auchi road from Ewan round to Afekhai Junction, AKOKO EDO Asphalt Overlay Igarra. LGA 39 102 Evbuomwan/Nesta Street, off Irhinrin Benin City. OREDO Drainage/Asphalt Overlay 40 103 Ogene Street between Second and Third East Circular, OREDO Drainage/Asphalt Overlay Benin City 41 104 Benson Idahosa University Access Road Okha IKPOBA OKHA Asphalt Overlay 42 105 Benson Idahosa University Access Road Okha IKPOBA OKHA Asphalt Overlay 43 106 Enogie Road, off Sapele Road, Etete from Chainage OREDO Asphalt Overlay 00m to chainage 715m 44 107 Enogie Road, off Sapele Road, Etete from chainage OREDO Asphalt Overlay 715m to chainage 1430m 37 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 45 108 Bishop Ekpu Street, Uromi (Drainage\Asphalt Esan North East. Asphalt Overlay Overlay)Esan North East Total Beneficiaries In addition to the above type of work, other small public work activities to be carried out are; sweeping, vegetation control and desilting of drains. 38 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Local Government Areas of intervention Map 1.1: Map of Edo State Showing the Distribution of Local Government Areas of Intervention. 39 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV APPENDIX 2: ATTENDANCE OF SOME STAKEHOLDERS MET It was discovered that the attached document in this section was rather too heavy. It shall reworked and attached again please. 40 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV APPENDIX 3- DETAILS ON THE CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS PHOTOS SPEAK........ OLD AUCHI ROAD (FROM Ewan round about to Afekhai junction), IGARRA. 41 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV IGARRA GIRLS GRAMMER SCHOOL ROAD, IGARRA IGARRA GIRLS GRAMMER SCHOOL ROAD, IGARRA 42 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV AFEKHAI ROAD (from Momodu Ajayi road to Askjam event centre), IGARRA. 43 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV AFEKHAI ROAD (Askjam Event Centre to Ewan), IGARRA. EDO SOUTH STATKEHOLDERS MEETING (A cross section of some men) 44 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV EDO SOUTH STATKEHOLDERS MEETING (A cross section of some women) 45 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV EDO SOUTH STATKEHOLDERS MEETING (WOMEN) 46 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV EDO SOUTH STATKEHOLDERS MEETING (MEN) 47 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV EDO SOUTH STATKEHOLDERS MEETING (MDAs) 48 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV IKI OKHORE OPOJI 49 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV IKI OKHORE OPOJI 50 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV OHUE OGENE STREET 51 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV OHUE OGENE STREET 52 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV FATHER PIOTIN STREET OFF NEW ROAD AGENEBODE ST 1 OFUNMWENGBE STREET, NEW BENIN 53 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV POWERLINE RD, OFF EWEKA ROAD, AND PART UWA RD OFF MARIA GORETTI. UPPER SAKPOBA, B/C 54 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV UNUERU STREET, OFF SAKPONBA ROAD, BENIN CITY STAKEHOLDERS’ MEETING IN EDO NORTH Plates 4.1: Some of the SPCU, MDAs, Trade Unions and Host Communities/Community Leaders/ Landlords/Residents present during the stakeholders’ meeting. 55 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV APPENDIX 4: Pictures of some roads for Edo SEEFOR Phase IV Intervention... IGARRA GIRLS GRAMMER SCHOOL ROAD, IGARRA 56 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV IGARRA GIRLS GRAMMER SCHOOL ROAD, IGARRA IGARRA GIRLS GRAMMER SCHOOL ROAD, IGARRA IGARRA GIRLS GRAMMER SCHOOL ROAD, IGARRA 57 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV OLD AUCHI ROAD (From Ewan round about to Afekhai junction), IGARRA. ALHAJI YERO LECKY STREET, AUCHI. 58 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV FATHER PIOTIN STREET OFF NEW ROAD AGENEBODE 59 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV FATHER PIOTIN STREET OFF NEW ROAD AGENEBODE IKI OKHORE OPOJI 60 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV IKI OKHORE OPOJI 61 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV OHUE OGENE STREET ASEMOTA STREET, OFF AIRPORT ROAD, BENIN CITY. 62 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV HORNY G & DIVINE STREET, OFF AIRPORT ROAD, BENIN CITY. 63 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV HORNY G & DIVINE STREET, OFF AIRPORT ROAD, BENIN CITY. 64 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV OKAEBEN STREET, OFF JAMES WATT ROAD, BENIN CITY. 65 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV FRIENDSHIP STREET OFF OKHORO, BENIN CITY. 66 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV OKOKHUO EMA VILLAGE ROAD (from Okokhuo no dugbo to Ema), OVAI NORTH EAST. EBO STREET, USELU 67 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ROAD, OFF EKENHUAN ROAD, BENIN CITY. 68 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV CHRIS MARY ROAD, BENIN CITY. APPENDIX 5: Environmental/Socioeconomic Assessment Questionnaire Edo State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR) Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Public Works Activities -Phase IV in Edo State Introduction The Edo State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR) is embarking on Public Works (drainage construction, asphalt overlay, concrete pavement, vegetation control, road cleaning/sweeping and cleaning/distillation of drains) of selected priority roads in Edo State. To ensure adequate management of the environmental and social impacts, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is being prepared for the specific roads of interventions. The ESMP is a management tool that presents strategies and procedures for managing potential environment and social impacts associated with the proposed small intervention works. In order to develop a robust ESMP, this questionnaire is geared towards finding out your view/opinion on the proposed activities. The information you provide will assist the study team to appreciate your concerns/fears and also proffer better operative procedures and ensure sound environmental and social management practice in the course of the execution of the project. Please, kindly answer honestly and complete the question contained herein. Please, be assured that all information provided will be kept strictly confidential and used in combination with other opinions gathered. Please, simply tick (x) or write in a brief detail, where appropriate, DATE: ………… Number………………Location (Town)......................... Lat…………………….N Lon ………………….E SECTION A – BIO-DATA (a) Name (Optional) ………………………………………Address: …………………………………………………………… (b) Sex: Male [ ] Female [ ] (c) Marital status: Married [ ] Single [ ] Separated [ ] Divorced [ ] (d) No of Children: None [ ] 1-2 [ ] 3–4 [ ]5-6 [ ] Above 6 [ ] (e) Age:10–20 [ ] 21–30[ ] 31–40 [ ] 41–50 [ ] > 50 [ ] (f) Level of Education: No formal Educ [ ] Primary [ ] Secondary [ ] Post Secondary [ ] Others [ ] (pls specify) ……………………………………………..………………………………......................................................................................... How long have you lived here? ……………………………………………………………… (g) What do you do for a living (your Primary Occupation/ nature of business)? Farmer [ ] Civil servant [ ] Self-employed [ ] Student [ ] others [ ] (Specify)………………… 69 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV (h) Your Average income in Naira/month:1000-10000 [ ], 10001-20000 [ ], 20001–30000 [ ], 30001-40000 [ ], > 40000 [ ] SECTION B: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-HEALTH CUM ECONOMIC ISSUES 1. Are you aware of the Drainage/Asphalt overlay, Vegetation control, Road Sweeping/Distillation of Drains by SEEFOR in your area? Yes [ ] No [ ] 2. Do you agree that the activity should be encouraged in this area? Yes [ ] No [ ] b) Whether yes or no 2, Please give reasons to your answers……………………………………...………… 3. Do you think the activities of the small works in this location will impact on the environment? Yes [ ] No [ ] 3b. If Yes to 3, how? Positively [ ] or Negatively [ ] please provide explanation to your answer ...........................................………………………………………………........................................................... 3c. What benefits do you think the activities of the public works will bring in this location? ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4. Please, outline the problems that you know could emanate from the activities listed in question 1 above ...............………………………………………………………………………………............................................. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4b. What are the major health, safety and environmental issues/threats that you know will be associated with listed in question 1?……….…………………………………………………………….................................................... 4c What are the major socioeconomic issues/threats that you know could be associated with this kind of activity?……….…………………………………………………………………..…….…………………………… ………......................................................................................................................................................... 5. What solution can you suggest to solve the problems identified above?................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………………......................................... 6. What are the important thing(s) in this area, you feel should be protected during the project life? SN Important things for protection Yes No 1 Shrine 2 Mosque/church 3 Water/River 4 Property 5 Farm land 6 People 7 Nothing 8 Others (road, etc.) 10. What are the common health problems occurring in this area that you know HEALTH PROBLEMS Yes No Malaria Typhoid fever Tuberculosis and Cough Yellow fever Rheumatism Pile Measles Head ache Chicken Pox/ Small Pox Cholera Jaundice Dysentery Asthma Influenza/common cold Ringworm Elephantiasis Others, Specify 70 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV 11. What do you think are the likely cause of the various health problems? CAUSES OF ILLNESS Yes No Poor Sanitary Conditions/Mosquito bites Lack of basic infrastructure e.g. good roads electricity etc Lack of potable water supply Bad weather condition Hard work in farm/stress Lack of good drainage/bad roads Lack of good food/poor dietary intake Poor ventilation in homes Cigarette & Hemp smoking habits No response/Don’t know 12. How do you take care of your health problems or that of your relations? STEPS TAKEN Yes NO Visit to Hospital Self medication Nothing done Other (Traditional means) No response 13 Do you agree that the activity can bring up the under listed socioeconomic and safety issues STEPS TAKEN Yes NO Noise/Air pollution Soil erosion/Flooding Disturbance to road side traders/pedestrians Traffic jam Disruption of aesthetic beauty of the environment Accidents (trip/slip/fall/vehicle knock down) No response I do not know 14. Do you see the intervention as improving the status of your community socio-economically? a. Yes b. No 15 Whether Yes or no to Q 13, why do you so answer? ………………………………................................................ 16. What support do you think members of you/your community can give to this Small Works in your area? ……………………........................................................................................................................................................ 17. Is there any other issue that is not mentioned in this questionnaire that you consider relevant to mention, please add................................................................................................................................................................................. APPENDIX 6: Appendix 4:Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)  Use of Country Systems (OP 4.00). The Bank's environmental and social ("safeguard") policies are designed to avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of projects supported by the Bank.  Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process..  Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs.  Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and environmentally sound pest management. 71 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Appendix 4:Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2) It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management.  Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The ESMF and RPF reports discuss the applicability of this policy in detail.  Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples. Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves.  Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects: (a) projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately or communally owned.  Physical Cultural Properties (OP 4.11). Assist in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes resources of archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance.  Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status.  Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of riparians is essential for the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparians making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part thereof.  Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur the Bank and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries.  Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50).Supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. Mandated by six safeguard policies that have specific requirements for disclosure in country (Before project appraisal in local language and in English) and World Bank INFO-Shop (Before project appraisal in English). Documents can be in draft but must meet WB standards). 72 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV Box 4.1: A Summary of the outcome of the consultation meetings held. Issues/Comments Raised by Response/How Addressed Communities 1. A stakeholder from Friendship 1. The area is ravaged by erosion and requires government Street expressed her gratitude intervention. The project shall intervene by laying of asphalt and towards the proposed project on constructing drain/laterite filling on the road in order to make the her road. According to her, “our road motorable. road have been in a total bad shape and abandoned for long� she stated. She therefore pledged the community support towards the 2. The workers/beneficiaries that will be employed for the purpose execution of the project. of the small public work activities shall be provided with relevant 2. The workers that SEEFOR will employ, PPE, road signs and safety trainings on continuous basis. The how will they be safe at work knowing beneficiaries engaged shall be made to work within their places of well that their work activities are on the residence as part of safeguards measures put in place. Orientation road? Is there insurance for them? on safety shall be given to them from the very onset of employment. The safety of workers is very important to World Bank and the SEEFOR project. There is no insurance for them; however, the contactors are responsible for them. Divine safety belongs to God Almighty! 3. We are very happy to see the project 3. SEEFOR project is designed to employ youths from around the come out successful as we shall project location to reduce cost of transportation and other safety cooperate and support the successful issues the Project Safeguards Officer stated. For your youths to be execution of the project. According to employed, they must be within the age bracket of 18-35yrs and him, “our roads have been abandoned must willingly register during the time of registration of eligible for a long time and we hope that our beneficiary. The employment is for a period of one year and their youths shall be engaged too� he stated. salary is N18,000 per month. Although, part of their salary will be saved but it will be handed over to them at the end of the project 4. How will waste be managed in this year. project? 4. Arrangement has been made with the prospective Contractor in the Bid document and with Edo State Waste Management Board 5. Can we bring our babies to work? for prompt evacuation of resultant waste as a result of the project. You cannot bring your babies to work for SEEFOR small public work activities. This is because, PPE for babies are not put in place; they are very fragile and are easily exposed to danger, germs and diseases as their immune system are not fully developed. They can be exposed to dust, heat, cold, knock down by vehicle, fall and injuries, amongst others things. It is not safe at all. 73 Edo SEEFOR ESMP for Small Public Work Activities-Phase IV