1 M e a s u r i n g t h e R e s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k L e n d i n g i n t h e E n e r g y S e c t o r 2014/6 85376 A KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES FOR THE ENERGY PRACTICE THE BOTTOM LINE Measuring the Results of World Bank This note is the first report of energy-sector results indicators Lending in the Energy Sector reflecting the World Bank’s broad lending patterns during FY 2000–13. To compile it, Why is this issue important? What challenges were faced in the effort to measure energy projects back to FY 2000 The need for accountability has made it critical for the results? were manually screened for Energy Practice to measure results Data back to FY 2000 had to be retrieved and aligned results data comparable with the standardized indicators The World Bank tracks the outcomes of its projects in order to with the new CSIs now used in the Bank’s understand how well they are advancing the goals of ending poverty Previously, each project in the energy sector had devised its own Corporate Scorecard. In the and promoting shared prosperity. For some years now those indicators of results, which made it difficult to report the Bank’s future, automation will make outcomes have been reported in a Bank-wide Corporate Scorecard achievements in terms that were both broad and precise. With the it easier to collect, aggregate, based on a set of so-called core sector indicators (CSIs) that measure advent of the Corporate Scorecard, however, the clear advantages of and analyze data on project impact at the project level and permit aggregation of standardized being able to demonstrate results led the Energy Practice to examine outcomes. data across the Bank. Each CSI is an indicator of output or outcome the Bank’s energy projects back to FY 2000 and, to the extent that is strategically relevant to a particular sector or theme, such as possible, to retroactively harmonize or align the indicators used in the energy sector. those projects with those devised for the Corporate Scorecard. The Three CSIs are particularly central to the Bank’s Energy Practice, results of this “archaeological” exercise are reported in this note. because they reflect its engagement in every step of the energy The results reported here for the fiscal years 2000–13 are the Sudeshna Ghosh value chain—from generation to transmission and distribution (T&D) first such report of energy-sector indicators reflective of the broad Banerjee is a senior to “last mile” customer connections. The three indicators are: lending patterns of the World Bank during this period. energy specialist in the • The number of people provided with access to electricity through To compile the report, all World Bank projects approved in the World Bank’s Energy household connections energy space between FY 2000 and FY 2013 (approximately 70–80 Practice (sgbanerjee@ • T&D lines constructed or rehabilitated, measured in kilometers projects per year on average) were screened to extract those worldbank.org) (km) that had adopted indicators similar enough to those used in the Ruchi Soni (rsoni@ Corporate Scorecard that they could be mined for comparable data. worldbank.org) is an • Generation capacity constructed, measured in megawatts (MW). energy analyst in the Information was extracted from two types of project documents: same practice. More recently, additional indicators have been developed cov- the Implementation Completion and Results Report (ICR) for ering measurement of energy efficiency in heat and power (lifetime closed projects and the most recent Implementation Status and Elisa Portale (eportale@ savings, captured in MWh). Results Report (ISR) for active projects. In some cases, information worldbank.org) is an energy consultant, also was referred back to project staff for confirmation or, where in the Energy Practice. discrepancies had been spotted, for correction. In a few cases where indicators were not explicitly mentioned in the ICR or ISR, 2 M e a s u r i n g t h e R e s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k L e n d i n g i n t h e E n e r g y S e c t o r Figure 1. World Bank Financing for projects in the energy sector, FY 1995–FY 2013 (US$ millions) 11,000 10,000 9,000 Energy lending (in US$ millions) 8,000 “World Bank-supported 7,000 programs provided 6,000 42 million people with 5,000 new access to electricity 4,000 3,000 between 2000 and 2013— 2,000 most of them in South Asia 1,000 and Africa.” 0 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 this information was extracted from the base document (Project closed projects. Bank support has made possible 13,500 megawatts Appraisal Document). (MW) of new generation capacity and 98,362 circuit kilometers (km) In the future, of course, such laborious manual data collection of T&D lines (table 1). Downstream, Bank-supported programs have and manipulation will not be necessary, since the CSIs have been provided some 42 million people with new access to electricity, standardized and programmed into operational reporting to support 17.5 million with direct access and 24.4 million through inferred automated aggregation. access (that is, access assumed to have been created through the The results reported for the fiscal years 2000–13 correspond addition of new generation capacity, as discussed below). largely to projects approved in FY 2000–08 (shaded in figure 1), reflecting the fact that results for most projects show up only after Indicator 1: Number of people provided with access four to five years of project implementation. The earlier half of the Direct access is defined as the number of people who benefited decade that began in FY 2000 corresponds to a period of relatively from new grid-based or off-grid household connections—a total low energy sector lending, antedating the steep scale-up in the late of 17.5 million, roughly equivalent to the population of Cameroon. 2000s. This relatively low volume of lending also constrains the scale Of these, at least 5.8 million, or about one-third, gained access of the ensuing results. through Bank support for off-grid projects, a large portion of whom were added through an innovative solar home system program in What do the results reveal? Bangladesh. During FY 2000–13, the World Bank approved 34 projects in 25 The substantial scale of results in countries of countries that reported this indicator for direct connections. A hand- particular operational focus ful of countries were responsible for the bulk of the results (figure 2). The three energy CSIs—on number of people provided with access In Bangladesh, sustained Bank engagement in both rural grid and off- to electricity, T&D lines, and generation capacity—provide a cumu- grid solar home systems resulted in 9.7 million people gaining direct lative snapshot of results between FY 2000 and 2013 for active and access. In Cambodia, Kenya, Mali, and Rwanda, a total of more than 3 M e a s u r i n g t h e R e s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k L e n d i n g i n t h e E n e r g y S e c t o r Table 1. Summary of cumulative results from World Bank projects by region FY 2000–13 Transmission and distribution lines People provided Total access Generation capacity constructed or People given direct with inferred access (direct + inferred) Region (in MW) rehabilitated (in kms) access (in million) (in million) (in millions) “A total of 17.5 million Africa 1,434 6,240 5.25 9.20 14.44 people received direct East Asia and Pacific 4,475 55,187 1.57 0.02 1.59 access from World Bank Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2,886 2,864 n.f. n.f. n.f. Latin America and the Caribbean 582 758 0.61 n.f. 0.61 energy access projects, of Middle East and North Africa 1,192 199 n.f. n.f. n.f. which at least 5.8 million— South Asia 2,930 33,115 10.08 15.19 25.27 or about one third— Total 13,499 98,362 17.51 24.4 41.92 received off-grid access.” n.f. = none found in course of project review. Source: World Bank CSI database, 2013. Figure 2. Number of people in selected countries who gained direct electricity connections through World Bank funding, FY 2000–13 Senegal 0.28 LaoPDR 0.29 SriLanka 0.42 Honduras 0.43 Cambodia 0.59 Mali 0.83 Rwanda 1.20 Kenya 2.53 Bangladesh 9.67 Vietnam 20.00 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 8 Millions of people gaining direct access to electricity Note: Although approved in FY 1999, the Vietnam project was included in the analysis because it is such a notable example of an access project and came just before the start of the period under study. 5 million gained direct access to electricity through Bank-supported number in Bangladesh. The government’s broader rural electrification projects. In the remaining countries, the scale of engagement was program raised access from 50.7 percent of rural households in 1996 smaller, providing electrification to a total of 2.7 million people. to 90.7 percent in 2005 and 94.5 percent by the end of 2008. By way of comparison, figure 2 also reports access results for The indicator also aims to capture inferred access. Inferred what was probably the Bank’s largest-ever engagement in energy access is the number of people who benefited from Bank-funded access in Vietnam, a project approved in FY 1999, that is, just before generation capacity, a proportion of the output of which is assumed the period currently under consideration. This project delivered to be powering new household connections. (See box 1 for the meth- first-time energy access to 20 million people, or about twice the odology used in the computation of inferred access.) The number 4 M e a s u r i n g t h e R e s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k L e n d i n g i n t h e E n e r g y S e c t o r Box 1. Methodology for calculating inferred access The steps described below were followed to estimate the number of global consumption per capita of 685 Kwh in the same year, countries new household connections that could have been supported by capacity were classified as “low” or “high” in terms of access and in terms of generated by World Bank projects. consumption, based on whether they were below or above the global average). First, the amount of generation capacity (in MW) was converted into total “The World Bank supported annual energy in kWh. For each technology, a technology-specific capacity If a country’s access rate was below the global average and its the construction or factor was used to calculate the gross available energy. The data source consumption per capita below the global average, it was assumed that 50 for capacity factors is ESMAP (2007). percent of new power generated was directed to new connections and 50 rehabilitation of more than percent to existing users. Second, the gross annual energy consumption was disaggregated 98,000 km of transmission between residential and nonresidential consumption based on the pattern If a country’s access rate was below the global average but its appearing in IEA’s national energy balances for the project’s approval year consumption per capita above the global average, it was assumed that all and distribution lines, (IEA 2013). Gross energy was converted to net energy by subtracting T&D new power generated was directed to new connections. enough to circle the earth technical losses (assumed to be 10 percent). If a country’s access rate was above the global average but its twice.” Third, the resulting net energy was allocated between new connections consumption per capita below the global average, it was assumed that and increased consumption by existing consumers. The allocation was all new power generated was used to increase consumption of existing based on the level of access to electricity in each country and the level of users. residential consumption per capita (Banerjee and others 2013; IEA 2013). With an average global access rate of 83 percent in 2010 and an average Note: KWh = MW x 1000 x capacity factor x total hours per year. Figure 3. Top ten countries in terms of customers connected to electricity through inferred access made possible by World Bank support, FY 2000–13 Senegal 0.5 The inferred access was provided in 26 projects Eritrea 0.5 spanning 19 countries with low rates of access to Sierra Leone 0.7 Tanzania 0.8 electricity—mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Afghanistan 0.9 Africa (see table 1). In South Asia, Bank-supported Botswana 1.2 generating capacity was estimated to have opened Uganda 1.3 Bangladesh access to electricity for approximately 12.1 mil- 1.7 Congo, DR 3.4 lion people in India. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the India 12.1 Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda led the 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 10 11 12 way, with new generating capacity inferred to have Customers connected through Inferred Access (in million) offered connections to 3.4 million and 1.3 million people, respectively (figure 3). Estimating the Bank’s contribution to inferred of people assumed to have gained access through national and access is important because, in many countries regional programs supported by the Bank is 24 million, equivalent to governments finance the last-mile connections themselves or the population of Ghana. Inferred access is a conservative estimate through consumer contributions rather than by borrowing. The of the new connections that could have been supplied as a result of Bank’s efforts have most often involved upstream investments to power generation projects supported by the World Bank. ensure that capacity is available for access expansion. 5 M e a s u r i n g t h e R e s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k L e n d i n g i n t h e E n e r g y S e c t o r Figure 4. Top ten countries in terms of T&D lines (in km) constructed or rehabilitated with World Bank support, FY 2000–13 Honduras 618 Mozambique 721 Afghanistan 769 Turkey 1,300 Kenya 1,435 “Bank-constructed Kazakhstan 1,440 Rwanda 1,700 generation capacity for the Lao PDR 2,791 India 32,346 period was equal to the Vietnam 51,856 entire installed generation – 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 30,000 50,000 capacity of Colombia.” Kilometers of T&D lines constructed or rehabilitated Note: Although approved in FY 1999, the Vietnam project was included in the analysis because it is such a notable example of an access project and came just before the start of the period under study. Figure 5. Top ten countries in terms of generation capacity installed (in MWs) with World Bank support, FY 2000–13 Dominican Republic 252 Uganda 294 Congo, DR 330 Sri Lanka 333 Morocco 472 Romania 510 Egypt, Arab Republic of 720 Turkey 1815 India 2180 China 4407 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1500 2500 3500 4500 Megawatts of generation capacity installed Indicator 2: Transmission and distribution lines constructed project. Around 32,300 km of lines were built in India with the Bank or rehabilitated support, with around 19,801 km coming from the Rajasthan Power The second indicator measures the length (in km) of transmission Sector Restructuring Project alone. lines and distribution lines constructed or rehabilitated under World Bank–supported projects. During FY 2000–2013, the Bank approved Indicator 3: Generation capacity 65 projects that reported this indicator. A total of 98,362 kms of T&D Sixty-two World Bank energy projects during the period FY 2000–13 lines were constructed or rehabilitated during this period, enough to included an indicator on generation capacity (MW). The amount of circle the earth twice. Most of the construction occurred in East Asia generation capacity installed was approximately 13,500 MWs, equiv- (Vietnam) and South Asia (India), as shown in figure 4. alent to the installed generation capacity of Colombia. East Asia and Five projects in Vietnam accounted for about 51,900 km of trans- South Asia accounted for most of the new capacity during the period mission lines, with the Rural Energy Access project contributing the (figure 5). India’s Renewable Energy Project alone added 2,180 MW, majority. The spike seen in 2005 is also attributable to the Vietnam while three projects in China contributed 3,370 MWs. 6 M e a s u r i n g t h e R e s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k L e n d i n g i n t h e E n e r g y S e c t o r What have we learned? References Automation will make it easier to collect, aggregate, Banerjee, Sudeshna, Mikul Bhatia, Gabriela Elizondo Azuela, Ivan and analyze data on project outcomes Jaques, Ashok Sarkar, Elisa Portale, Irina Bushueva, Nicolina Angelou, and Javier Gustavo Inon. 2013. Global Tracking The fact that indicators of results historically were defined for Framework (vol. 3). Working Paper 77889, World Bank, “The usefulness and individual projects made it difficult to aggregate results across Washington, DC. May. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ reliability of the automated multiple projects for purpose of analysis. Henceforth, CSI data will be en/2013/05/17765643/global-tracking-framework-vol-3-3- system depends critically systemically captured and compiled for all ISRs. The standardization main-report and automated compilation of indicators will greatly increase the ESMAP . 2007. “Technical and Economic Assessment of Off-grid, on accurate system entry ability of the Bank’s Energy Practice to report on results in real time. Mini-grid and Grid Electrification Technologies.” ESMAP Technical of core sector indicators by The usefulness and reliability of the new capability depends, of Paper 121/07. Energy and Mining Sector Board, World Bank, task team leaders.” course, on accurate entry of CSIs into the ICR/ISR data system by Washington, DC. December. http://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap task team leaders. The hope is that as task team leaders come to .org/files/Technical%20and%20Economic%20Assessment%20 see the benefits of comparable and aggregatable data for their work, of%20Off-grid,%20Minigrid%20and%20Grid%20Electrification%20 they will be motivated not only to see that accurate data from their Technologies_Report%2012107.pdf. projects is fed into the system but also that data from that system IEA (International Energy Agency). 2013. “Energy Balances.” http:// are used in the design of their future projects. www.iea.org/statistics/topics/energybalances/. The CSIs will be fine-tuned as Bank operations evolve in response to clients’ new priorities. The suite of indicators has already been The peer reviewers for this note were Dana Rysankova (senior energy expanded to include measures of energy efficiency in heat and specialist) and Avjeet Singh (senior operations officer), both in the World power and the possibility of breaking down new generation capacity Bank’s Energy Practice. resulting from renewable vs. conventional sources of energy. In the meantime, the historical data compiled for this report reflect the significant impact of World Bank investments in the energy sector, particularly countries where there was a sustained engage- ment in the energy sector. 7 Get Connected to Live Wire Get Connected to Live Wire Live Wires have been designed for easy reading on the screen and for The Live Wire series of online knowledge notes is a new initiative of the World Bank Group’s downloading and self-printing “Live Wire is designed Energy Practice, reflecting the emphasis on knowledge management and solutions-oriented in color or black and white. knowledge that is emerging from the ongoing change process within the Bank Group. for practitioners inside Professional printing can and outside the Bank. Each Live Wire delivers, in 3–6 attractive, highly readable pages, knowledge that is immediately also be undertaken on relevant to front-line practitioners. 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Once a year, the Energy Practice takes stock of all notes that appeared, reviewing their quality and identifying priority areas to be covered in the following year’s pipeline. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org 1 U n d e r s ta n d i n g C O 2 e m i s s i O n s f r O m t h e g lObal energy seCtOr 2014/5 A KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES FOR THE ENERGY PRACTICE THE BOTTOM LINE Understanding CO2 Emissions from the Global Energy Sector the energy sector contributes about 40 percent of global 2014/4 emissions of CO2. three- Why is this issue important? xas The Case of Te renewable ene rgy T o T h eof quarters r i d : emissions gthose Mitigating climate change requires knowledge of the Figure 2. energy-related CO2 1 TransmiTTing come from six major Figure 1. CO2 emissions sources of CO2 emissions by sector emissions by country economies. although coal-fired LICs plants account for just Identifying opportunities to cut emissions of greenhouse gases 0.5% requires a clear understanding of the main sources of those emis- 40 percent of world energy Residential Other were Esions. N E R Carbon G Y P R A C T dioxideICE(CO2) accounts for more than 80 percent of 6% sectors Other MICs production, they S FOR T H E LEDGE NOTE SERIE 10% 15% A KNOW total greenhouse gas emissions globally, primarily from the burning 1 China responsible for more than Other HICs 30% of fossil fuels (IFCC 2007). The energy sector—defined to include Energy 8% 70 percent of energy-sector Energy to the Grid: fuels consumed for electricity and heat generation—contributed 41 Industry 41% Japan 4% emissions in 2010. if warming is Transmitting Renewable 20% Russia to be limited to two degrees percent of global CO2 emissions in 2010 (figure 1). Energy-related 7% USA THE BOTTOM LINE CO2 emissions at the point of combustion make up the bulk of such Other transport Road India 19% Celsius, therefore, steep 7% EU The Case of Texas emissions and are generated by the burning of fossil fuels, industrial 6% transport 11% states reductions will have to be made Texas leads the United 16% waste, and nonrenewable municipal waste to generate electricity with 9,528 mw of installed in the use of coal to generate face? and leakage emissions What challenge did they and heat. Black carbon and methane venting Notes: Energy-related CO2 emissions are CO2 emissions from the energy sector at the point wind power capacity—a electricity in the larger bunkers, domestic note. of combustion. Other Transport includes international marine and aviation ? are not included in the analysis presented in this level exceeded by only four Why is this case interesting economies. t was contingent on aviation and navigation, rail and pipeline transport; Other Sectors include commercial/public Transmission investmen yet needed to precede it tion, and other emissions not specified elsewhere; Energy = fuels consumed for electricity and and heat genera- services, agriculture/forestry, fishing, energy industries other than electricity countries. The state needed and accelerate more infrastructure to transmit Texas needed to prioritize Where do emissions generation come ents commitm from? HIC, MIC, and LIC refer to high-, middle-, wind sites tremendous needs for trans-heat generation, as defined in the opening paragraph. electricity generated from development of remote EmissionsTexas are faced the challenge of meeting concentrated in a handful of countries from and low-income countries. producer of generation renewable sources, but the century, Texas was a major e triggered by the scale-up Source: IEA 2012a. During much of the twentieth is now taking advantage and primarily mission come infrastructur from burning coal infrastructur e can take longer to regulator could not approve States. The state of petroleum in the United Vivien Foster is sector renewable sources. Transmission projects wind.for the Sus- leads It currently The geographical pattern of energy-related CO2 emissions closely transmission expansion a major renewable energy resource:manager only 0.5 percent by all low-income of power capacity middle-income countries, and in the absence of financially 9,528 MW of installed wind Depart- tainable Energy mirrors the distribution of energy consumption (figure 2). In 2010, To solve the United States with ment at the fifth World rank in wind Bank two zones energy with the countries put together. committed generators. were a country, would almost half of all such emissions were associated competitive renewable a (ERCOT 2011) and, if it (vfoster@worldbank.org). Figure 1. Texas’s five Coal is, by far, the largest source of energy-related CO2 emissions the problem, Texas devised largest global energy consumers, and more than three-quarters quickly generation worldwide. Daron program in 1999, it vowed to were associated with the top six emitting countries. Of the remaining Bedrosyan globally, accounting for more than 70 percent of the total (figure 3). planning process that When Texas reformed its energy works energy mix. It now uses a energy-related CO2 emissions, about 8 percent were contributed for London This reflects both the widespread use of coal to generate electrical connects energy systems increase the role of renewables in its Toronto. to increase Economics in utilities power, as well as the exceptionally high CO2 intensity of coal-fired to the transmission system. portfolio standard to require energy by other high-income countries, another 15 percent by other the renewable Previously, he was renewable sources. an To minimize power (figure 4). Per unit of energy produced, coal emits significantly The system is based on their energy generation from eligible energy analyst with the energy program created more CO2 emissions than oil and more than twice as much as natural designation of “competitive the state’s renewable Practice. Greenhouse Gas Inventory costs to the taxpayer, World Bank’s Energy rely on the private sector United Nations Framework Convention 1 on Climate Change, gas. renewable energy zones. energy zones that Data—Comparisons By Gas (database). http://unfccc.int/ghg_data/items/3800.php competitive renewable and trans- e and operations for generation to provide infrastructur and regulation provides planning, facilitation, mission, while the state (figure 1). electricity pro- standard mandated that The renewable portfolio by 2009. 2,000 MW of additional renewable energy viders generate and was followed Marcelino Madrigal met in just over six years (mmadrigal@worldbank This 10-year target was and mandated 20, which raised the targets .org) is a senior energy up in 2005 by Senate Bill reach 5,880 energy generation must specialist in the World that the state’s total renewable Furthermore, the 2015 and 2025 respectively. Bank’s Energy Practice. MW and 10,000 MW by energy target 500 MW of the 2025 renewable With Rhonda Lenai Jordan legislation required that sources other than wind. (rjordan@worldbank.org) be derived from renewable in is an energy specialist Source: ERCOT 2008. the same practice. 8 D o y o u h av e s o m e t h i n g t o s ay ? S ay i t i n L i v e W i r e ! Contribute to If you can’t spare the time to contribute to Live Wire, but have an idea for a topic, or case we should cover, let us know! Do you have something to say? We welcome your ideas through any of the following Say it in Live Wire! channels: Via the Communities of Those working on the front lines of energy development in emerging economies have a wealth of Practice in which you are technical knowledge and case experience to share with their colleagues but seldom have the time to active write for publication. 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It’s a chance to model good “knowledge citizenship” and participate in the ongoing change process at the Bank, Texas 2014/4 d: The Case of rgy To The gri where knowledge management is becoming everybody’s business. renewable ene 1 TransmiTTing ENERGY PRACTICE E SERIES FOR THE A KNOWLEDGE NOT Energy to the Grid: Transmitting Renewable gy sector 2014/6 1 s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k l e n d i n g i n t h e e n e r M e a s u r i n g t h e r eLINE THE BOTTOM The Case of Texas states Texas leads the United with 9,528 mw of installed face? wind power capacity—a What challenge did they level exceeded by only four G Ethis E S Einteres case ting? was contingent on A KNOW WhyL E D is NOT RIES FOR THE ENERGY PRACTICE Transmission investment countries. The state needed Texas needed to prioritiz e and accelerate yet needed to precede it more infrastructure to transmit generation commitments wind sites for trans- electricity generated from development of remote faced the challenge of meeting tremendous needs Measuring the Results of World Bank Your Name Here THE BOTTOM LINE producer Texas of generation from renewable sources, but the century, Texas was a major mission infrastructure triggered by the scale-up During much of the twentieth e take longer to regulator could not approve States. The state is now taking advantag sion infrastructure can renewable sources. Transmis Lending in the Energy Sector petroleum in the United this note is the first report of leads n projects resource: wind. It currently of energy-sector indicators transmission expansio of a major renewable energy ly power capacity Become an author in the absence of financial 9,528 MW of installed wind reflecting the World Bank’s the United States with rank fifth in wind zones committed generators. To solve were a country, would the effort ive renewable energy to measure broad lending patterns during (ERCOT 2011) and, if it What challenges were faced Figure 1. in Texas’s five competit the problem, Texas is this a Whydevised issue important? fy 2000–13. to compile it, generation worldwide. 1999, it vowed to inresults? energy projects back to fy 2000 planning The need for accountability process that quickly has made When Texas reformed it critical its energyfor the program of Live Wire and energy mix. It now uses a to be retrieved and aligned for connects energy systems results of renewab les in its Data back to FY 2000 had were manually screened Energy Practice to measure increase the role utilities to increase results data comparable with to the transmission system. renewable portfolio standard to require energy with the new CSIs the tracks the outcomes on Bank of its projects in order to le sources. To minimize the standardized indicators The system is ThebasedWorld n from eligible renewab their energy generatio poverty le energy endingrenewab program created project in the energy sector had devised its own “competitive the goals of state’s each contribute to your how well they are advancing Previously, now used in the Bank’s designation of understand costs to the taxpayer, the zones. shared prosperity. For some years now those on the private sector which made it difficult to report the Bank’s corporate scorecard. in the renewable energyand promoting competitive renewab le energy zones that rely indicators of results, Corporate Scorecard s for generatio n and trans- in terms that were both broad and precise. With the outcomes have been reported in a Bank-wide and operation achievements future, automation will make to provide infrastructure that measure and n,of n Corporate Scorecard, however, the clear advantages of regulatio based on a set of so-called core sector indicators (CSIs) provides planning, facilitatio advent the it easier to collect, aggregate, mission, while the state practice and career! impact at the project level and permit aggregation of standardized being able to demonstrate results led the Energy Practice to examine and analyze data on project (figure 1). pro- data across the Bank. Each CSI is anrenewab indicator of output or outcome d that energy projects back to FY 2000 and, to the extent electricity Bank’s outcomes. The le portfolio standard mandate the to a particular sector or theme, such as l renewab le energy possible, to by 2009. retroactively harmonize or align the indicators used in that is strategically relevant MW of additiona Madrigal viders generate 2,000 years and was followed with those devised for the Corporate Scorecard. The Marcelino the energy sector. was met in just over six those projects (mmadrigal@worldba nk This 10-year target Energy Practice, targets and mandated exercise are reported in this note. Three CSIs are particularly central to the Bank’s Bill 20, which raised the results of this “archaeological” .org) is a senior energy up in 2005 by Senate must reach 5,880 here for the fiscal years 2000–13 are the because they reflect its engagement state’s in every step of the energy generationThe results reported specialist in the World that the total renewable energy the value chain—from generation to transmission and distribution (T&D) by 2015 and 2025 respectiv ely. first Furtherm such reportore, of energy-sector indicators reflective of the broad Sudeshna Ghosh With Bank’s Energy Practice. MW and 10,000 MW are: renewable energy target the World Bank during this period. customer connections. The to “last mile”Jordan three indicators that 500 MW of the 2025 lending patterns of Banerjee is a senior Lenai legislatio n required energy specialist in the Rhonda of people provided with access to electricity le sources other than wind. through To compile the report, all World Bank projects approved in the • The number (rjordan@w orldbank.o rg) be derived from renewab World Bank’s Energy specialist in connections energy space between FY 2000 and FY 2013 (approximately 70–80 household is an energy Source: ERCOT 2008. Practice (sgbanerjee@ same practice. projects per year on average) were screened to extract those the• T&D lines constructed or rehabilitated, measured in kilometers worldbank.org) that had adopted indicators similar enough to those used in the (km) Ruchi Soni (rsoni@ Corporate Scorecard that they could be mined for comparable data. worldbank.org) is an • Generation capacity constructed, measured in megawatts (MW). Information was extracted from two types of project documents: energy analyst in the More recently, additional indicators have been developed cov- the Implementation Completion and Results Report (ICR) for same practice. ering measurement of energy efficiency in heat and power (lifetime closed projects and the most recent Implementation Status and Elisa Portale (eportale@ savings, captured in MWh). Results Report (ISR) for active projects. In some cases, information worldbank.org) is an was referred back to project staff for confirmation or, where energy consultant, also discrepancies had been spotted, for correction. In a few cases in the Energy Practice. where indicators were not explicitly mentioned in the ICR or ISR,