33878




       
               


      
                              




                               2004.




_____________________________________________________
    
 
,  

             
                         

           



                               

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 1:      
       .................................................................................... 33
 2:       1990,
   1995  2000. ().............................................................................................. 34
 3:      
     .................................................................................. 35
 4:   17 , 1998   
    ,      
          Error!
   Bookmark not defined.
 5:       
    :   21 , 2000. ........................................ 41
 6:       
    :      
        1911-2000..... 44
 7:       
    :  ..........Error! Bookmark not defined.
 8:       ........ 60
 9: Scope for Carbon Emission Trading Revenues to Uzbekistan ............. 62




                                           i

:
1.     ,  «»  «»   
             .
2.     ($)       .

      ( ),
 ,  ,    
.  .   .  .




            ii

     


    ,    
       
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        1

      

            




         


         
- ,     
1990-      ,   
,       ,  
        . 
        ,  
    ,     
      . ,    
  ,    , 
      
.

  1970- ,     ,   
      
         
  ,  , , ,  
     .                
       
 ,       , 
2 870 .   413  1984   
,    75%      
     (-),    (-
)   180 3/      25%. 
,  ,   
        
.       
,         
,         
.

     ,               
    .   
     ,      


             2

.       
     , 
    .    
        
       ,    
     .    ,   
        , 
 ­     ,    
 ,        , 
       
   .  1990-2000   
  45%,      55%   .

     (   )
  ,      
 1992       
.  ,        
        
     
  ,       
   7.2      1998 ,
     5.5   .   1998
,   ,     
  ,    ,          
       ,           
       
     . ,  
  ,   
   ,  ,   
 2002        7.5 
 ,         
. ,      
,       
   ,      
        
       
. ,       
,       , 
      .  
 ,    ,    
     ,      
       
 .  ,     
       .




          3

           
  ,    , ,
       ,  
 .    145 ,    ,
   .      2000  
       
        . , 
    :                     (a) 
          
     ,   , 
       ; (b) 
       , 
   ;  (c)      
     ,   
    ,      
 .   ,     
   ,   , 
     ,  
 .        
      .

    ,    
          
        ( 
     )    ( 
     )  ,  
        
      :

                 
                        
                  13.4    48.5    35.1
(.)
   (.)            10.5    46.3    35.8
   (.)            8.4     39.9    31.5
                  18.9    86.2    67.3
                  5.5     37.7    32.2
(.)

    ,   ,  
      , 
          
 35.1     67.3   . 
    2001   48      
 ,     29    
  .       
    ,  20 



               4

 ,        ­
         
      ,  
 .   , ,  80%  
, 10%   10% .    
    ,        
      .    
          
     :

                             
                           (.
            (.              )
   (.        )     (.
     )              )
      20      6      22      48
      20      7      30      57
      20      4      10      34

      
 .      
         ,  
        6     
  (,           )            ,  
     .    
            
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.     , 
 ,            
 .

        
 ,    ,
   .   
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,     , 
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        .  
        
     ,                   
        
      
     ,   .



              5

         ,
        
       ,
        
      ,   
          
.

  ,        
   I (1900 )   II (360 ),
    1.5   ,
        
,        
 . ,       
 ,        
.    ,   
     , 
       
,      ,  
    ,   
 ,       
   .

       ,  
       
     () 
      
       
   .    
      .   
        
     .




       6

           1. 




1.         2.2 
 ,     35   
 , , ,   
.        ,  
,       ,   ,
     .   2200  
   37    (   21
    54   )  
   -   ,            
,         .1 
      
   ,    ,
 ,        
  ,    ,  
 ,        
        (.
1).

2.    ,        
  2000 ,         
    ,   
,  , ,    
     , ,  
.      ,  
     .   
       ,   
 .     ,
            .

1         ,  , 
            ,
   .  ,  2450 ,     78.5
   (   47     108
  )   , ,  
  ,     .      ,
    .


              7

          
.           
 .

3.  1960-           
 ( 30   ),    
  ,       . 
    
      ,   
,           
        ,  
,     .     
      .  
         
      ,
  .      
,      2870. 
       1975 ,   
    (19.5    )
  1988 2.


     1:       




2         
  1980- .


              8

4.           
  ,    (,
, ,   )     
       ,   
      (.
 1:     ).  , 
 75%    3   
   25%.     
 




        1:     

             
 .   ,  1970  1989 ,   
    ,  , 
    ( ),        
 ,         , 
   50%,      .
    , , ,
,       .   
      150%       130% - 
   (. 1      
  ).          
 . ,  1999      11%
  , 19%   , 27%  , 33%  
 38%   .    20-40%  .
       .

         3.4
 , 56%       24%   .
 2000    35%    ,  30% -
,  12% -   ,  9% - , 5%     9% 
. , ,      
.       ,
   .

   .     
  12 900  /,     21%  
.  79%  ,     
    .    
    60%   .




3    15     1976  1990 .    
8.09    ( 3.6     11.2 
 ),     2.68    ( 1.2
    4.4   ).


                 9

     33%  , 60%   
 45% .       
,    ,     
.      , ,
    .    . 
      .   
,    ,  ,       
     .  20%
   ,     
 ,   .   ,    
.     ,
     .

 ,    11%    14%  .  
  90%      . 
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       .
        -
         . 
        
         .   
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      .

   ,     . ,
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.

 

5.         ,
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   ,   



         10

 4, ,     .   
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  ,        ,  
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 )       
     (. 2:  
   ).


       1:      
                        
                                     

        . ..     1,100     5.5       1.7          75          82     1,264
        . ..     1,500      5         5         2,252        1,476   5,237
        . ..     24,300    580       500     Insignificant   2,851  28,231
        . ..     26,900    591       507        2,327        4,409  34,732
%                 77.4     1.7       1.5         6.7         12.7    100


         /       27,000   163,000   317,000     2,000       15,000  524,000
        . ./      2.3       14       27.3        0.2         1.3     45.1
%           %     5.2      31.1      60.5        0.4         2.9     100
     :     BP,   


 6.   ,  1990    
         
        
     . ,   10-
   1991  2000        45.6%
     ( 75%    15 ),  
   




 4      10% .


                        11

           2:     

   , , , 
      
  ( )   .   
   500 ,     
 .        220  
   ( ).      
  ,      
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.           
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 .   52     
,  ­ 16 ,   ­ 15 ,  ­
11 ,    ­ 6 .    
     ,
         
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  ,     .

        70%  
 1990  2000 ,   ,       
80%   1990 .       
  ,     ,
       (. 
 2).

        ,
 .     3 015 ,   82%
    18% -       .
     .                        
   1998-2002 ,    6.5  (
      ,     ). 
    3.1 ,   1.0    
,       ,   
 99       .  
   9.6 ,      7.3, 
     24%.    2000   2,079
     .     61.5%   .
  ,  85%  90%    , 
     18  . 
         ,
       
,               .
     .   
   0.5  1.0 /.    
 0.4/.   /  18 



                    12

   1.4   2.6 ,     
2.2 .

     3 713 ,  
79.5% (2 950 )   ,  20.5% ( 763 ) 
 ,       ()  
 .         , 
  ,  97%    , 
78%    .      1998-
2002 ,     12.9 ,   11.7  
91%   ,       .
   2.0       ( 
 )   316    (188 ) 
 (115 ).       11.2 , 
      7 ,    
  37%.      15%  1990   60% 
2000        
        
       .  
   ,   2000   2 609 .  
  1 456 ,   55%   .            
     ,     
       
       2 ,   
       ,  
 ,       .
       ,
      . 
    .    
  ,    .
    2002   1.2 /.

    11 580 ,   85% ( 9 870
)     (      ,
     ),  15% ( 1 700 )   31 .
      ,  
   7 800      
,     ,     
  .      1998-2002 ,
   47 ,   41  ( 87%)  
 ,    -  . 
    ,     
,          .
      674 ,  505   
 188    ,        1.3 ,
  1.1     ,     
 . ,       
47.7 ,       38.4 ,   
  20%.      ,      




                 13

(6,882 )   (7,551 )  ,    
 90%  5.        
 .     2%  ,   
     .    
   1.3 /,    
.      
,           15
 .       .

25%  55.4%   .      
 ,   , 
    ,   
.6         
 ,         
,        , 
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      . ,   
,  7.   ,   , 
        
,       
.




5   2000 .
6 ,   ,     .  ,
      ,      
 .
7       3   
,      9    .


                     14

      2.    

7.     ,     
   ,   
 (  )     
    , 
   ,  1990-      
 .        
        413  7
 1984 .   46%      
22.7     , 44% - , 8%
-   2% -  .    
,   , ,   .  
        
 9.43   .  75%  
   ,   25% - . , 
      180     
2.85   .     
       , 
     ,
       1991 .


8.   18  1992        
       
     ,  
 413. (. 3).    
    ()   
     .   ,
 ,    ,   
       . ,  
   ,    ,
 . ,     
       
  .   ,    
     : (a)   
,   , ,    
     ;  (b) 
     , 
,    ,     



                  15

    ,   
 .  ,    ,  
      .
        
  . ,   
        
  , ,    
   7.2     
1998         5.5  
       19.5   8. 
 ,         
 . ,      
       
   ,    
       .


9.       1990-  ,    ,
   ,                
      
        
  ,    ,   
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  ,     
9              ,
   ,    .
        
.       , 
       .
 ,       
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   .   
       ,
  10      
17  1998       
  (. 3).    
        
 ,  ,     


8 ,          7.5 
     2002 .
9, ,    .
10       1999 .



                16

    .   
   : (a)   
  ; (b)   
      
       , 
      ; (c) 
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       ; (d)
       
 ,   , ,     
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 ; (e)    ,
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   17  2003 .

10.       17  1999  
      
        500, 220 
    .      
        
   .                   ,  
          
 .

11.   ,     1998  
       
 ,                
       .
     . 
          
        ,
   ,  ,   
    1998    .
      
,         
   7.5      2002 .  
  2      
                       
  ()    1999  2002 .




                 17

        2:     1999-2002.
                  1999.       2000.      2001.         2002.
                                                   
                                                      3/14/02

               29 , 1999.3 , 2000.20 , 2001.       
                                                  .-.5/6/02
                                                   
                                                  .-.7/9/02
     1             13.5       14.5        11.9          10.4
     1             10.4        11         8.7           7.5
  1
         . 3       16.3       13.7        12.1          17.4
               .  .  .  .                                  
  

         . 3    6.5   5.06  6.5   6.5  5.9    5.9   6       3.6

 
  
                1100 585.3 580   673.6 1100 912.4 1100     422.7
           
        /           2           1          1             1
                1100  970  1905 1925.6 1100 1038.1 1100    523.3
           
        /          3.34       3.34        3.34          3.34
  
          .3    500   331  422   430.6 700   593.9 490     360
        $/        54.174     54.174      54.174        54.174
         000'  566.7  572  362.5 331.1 618   466.5 500     165.3
        $/         30          16         16            21


    , :
  ·         
     .     1999  2002 , ,
       ,      
      ,      
        .     
            
       ,    
     ;
  ·   ,    ,  
            
    ,      
    ;
  ·       . ,   
     ,  ,    




                    18

       ,    11, 
        ,     
            .
     ,    , ,  
            ,
         ,  
       ;
  ·  2001 ,   ,    
       ,     
        ,  
     ,   -   -   
        ;
  ·        , 
      .     
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       ,      
    ;
  ·        
          
     ,     
    ,      ,
    12  .   ,  
        ;
  · ,      
            , 
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    ,        7.5
         2002 .




11,   3.34  /    ,  ,
  ,   ,  1.0 /.   
  30  /  1999   16  /  2000  2001 ,
 21  /  2002 .     .
12     .     
  ,      .


               19

    3.    


11.           
   1998        
   ,   ,  
    ,   
,     . ,
        
   ,       
    ,    
(      )  ,
    (   ).

12.        , ,     
   1998     
    ,     
     , ,    
,          
         .   
     .  145
,    ,   ( 30%) 
              
 .13    :

   ·        
        ,   1925 .    
       ,     , ,  
             ;
   ·        
          ,   
           .   
           1951 ,      
         1952    ;



13      :     
  ,  .   .,   
        . 
1997., 1998.


                20

  · -  ()   
        ,      ,
           (. 3 ).

 ,   ,     .
 2001       
       ,   
          
(. 3). ,    ,  
          
,    , ,   
.

        3:      ()
     ,     -
  ().      5 ,    
 70  /   .  1    1988 , 
 17  /  72       2.5
  .  1   12  /,
 ,     2005   1.1   .

 1986    30-     
 ,      .   
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 ,       ,  
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 .      ,  
   ,   ,   ,
    ,              
.

  1        
    ,      
     ( ­ ),  
 .

          
     (    ), 
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     ).

    1986       
 .          
   ,    .     56% 
   .

    , ,     
,           
   .      50-



             21

    6%.     1  
     6%      
.     ,   , 
           
.

     ,     
.   8.2   /   1995  
    1.     1  1  
37      4%    1995 .   
     3.7  /.

,         1998
    : (a)   ( 10 );  (b)
    ,   
,         ,
 ,    ,  ,  
    .    
  ,    14.
      
   ,        ,      
 ,   ICC, UNCITRAL  ..

13.   ,     ,
,       , 
    ,                   
    ,    ,
/     ,   
,    ,     
 .          
:

   ·      
        ,  
     ,        
            ;
   ·   ,  ,   
             
      ,    ,  
        ;
   ·     ,   
     ,      ;



14          
   , . «    :
    »      
»,  . ,   


           22

    ·     (  
            
          ),   
       ;
    ·      
           
          .

14.   ,    4,  ,
     ,   
 , ,     . 
  ,                       
       
    ,     
       .   
      
    .    
  90   1911  2000  (. 5),  
     9   15.
      6  
,     - 3   ,
,                180 
/.   ,     
     ,                        
    ,   10%  
 ,  10%    , 
 80%    .   
  ,    ,   :

                               
                                
                      6    7     4
 
                      3    3     3
 
                      9    10    7
 



159     20-   , 
   90 .      ,  
     1998 .   12  90     9
  .       , 9 
      ,  ,   
    8.7   ,   
.    9       
 .      
   .


                    23

15.      , 
                 ,
        
  . ,    ,
        
.         
.         
  ,          
,        
.     ,    , 
   ,      .
  ,     
,      , 
       . ,
       
     .   
        
 .       
        ,  
       , 
,       ,
   , ,  ,  
,     ,     
   . ,    
          
,       ,  
 ,     ,   
  ,       .

16.    ( 4)  ,  
        
         
 .  ,     
      3.6 ,   
    4.6 .     
 .     ,   ,  
   ,     
   .  ,    
         
  ,        
   .          
    ,   
       
    ..      
       .     
       (



          24

  ),                   
    ;      
      20  /  .
        
   ,     .
     
                                    
     .

17.         9 
    ,      6
        3 
  ,       
.         3
     6    , 
      
.           3 :




      3:       
       (    )
                               
                      
             13.4       48.5    35.1

             18.9       86.2    67.3

             5.5        37.7    32.2


     
                    ,                
 ,      
,    ,   
 .       35.1 
   67.3   .  ,   
35.1          
  ,   ,    67.3
  ,       
 .   51.2     
        
.          48




                  25

  ,     2001 16. 
    29   , 
   ,    ,
    ,   
.      , 
 ,   .

18.       
  ,    ( 
14  ,     ) 
 500   ,    40 
  1   ,     , 
  .  ,      , 20  
     ,   31.2 
  ­  .      
           
  ,    . 
,           
   1.0 /1,      
   3.34 /.

19.         
   ,    ,  
     :




     4:   ,    
           (  )

                  

                              
                        
                              
                        
        20    6     22    28   48
        20    7     30    37   57
        20    4     10    14   34




16   48    ,   ,
   ,    70%     
.      4.


               26

       4.  


20.   ,       
  ,           
 ,      
      .             , 
        
,   (a)   
      ,
     90 ,    
   30      
       ; (b)    17

        ; (c)   
          
,    ;  (d)   
   ,    ,
,    ,     .          
      ,  
  ,      ,   , ,
  .   ,     
        
   (   ),   
 ,      ,  
  .

21.       , 
,        
()       
  ,         
.           
   ,     
 .       
10 ,         
      ,   
    .

22.       
      ,   
    (  )    
 ,       
      .    
         
,       . 

17  9   ,      
,      .


          27

           
    , ,  
 ,      
  .         
       , 
        .

23.      
    .    
  ,     
 ,      ,   
  ,      
  .      
       (  
 )     
   ,   ,  
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   .    
 .    ,  
        
  (),      
     .     
   ,    ,   
       
         
 ,     ,    .
       
    .

24.        
                   ,
        ,  
,   .     
        
   (   ),   
    ,     .

25.  ,    ,  
 ,        .  
      , 
  ,         
  ,      .  , 
     ,             
     .
      
       



           28

18,         
   .                   
      
     ,   
      ( 1.0 /, 
),        (3.34 /1,
   ).    
        
  ,     
.         ,
 ,    . 
      1.77     2003
  11     2010  (. 7). 
        
          
,           
 .       
        
  .  ,     
   ,  :
   ·      ;
   ·          
          ;
   ·      ;
   ·     ; 
   ·         ,
        ,   .

26.    ,              
    ,  
        
    .     
          
   .

27.       
    .    
    

   ·         
         ;




18  7,500      11,580 
.


            29

   · ,     
          
     ;
   ·       , 
      ,  , ,   
     ; 
   ·        .

 ,         
       
     . 
  6716     1     
         ,  3.5
 ,   ,  20  ,     30  ,  
.    5895   1     
20   ,    .     
, ,  ,     
      
    .

28.       
.      ,  21% 
 ,  79%  .  
      .
      , 
   ,     
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 .            
         
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.            
     .    
        , 
        ,  
    .

29.   ,    ,
 : (a)     
          
        ; (b) -
      
    ,    
   (c)   -I             II,
      .  
        



            30

  ,   ,   
    .  
                  
      .           
 ,           
.

30.    I    1900, 
     4500 ;  
  -  1.2     1.76 
.     II  360 ,
    1260 ,   270
  .  ,       ,
       ;   
 .       
,      .
      
,    ,   
       .
    . 
    ,    
      .  ,
   ,     
       ,
      ,  
    .

31.      
   ,    
 .    ,   
 ,     . 
          
      .
      ,  
 ,      
,      , 
,    .

32.  ,     ,  
,      .  
:
   ·  ,     
                   
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          31

·        
  .         
   ;
·       ,    
         
 ,      
 ;
·       
  ,     .




        32

 1:         

                                                              




                                                                                                                                                                                          Proposed
                                                                                                                                                                                          Kambarata    I
                                                                                                                                            Proposed
                                                                                                                                            Reservoirs by                  Proposed
                                                                                                                                            Uzbekistan                     Kambarata      II
                                                                  Charvak     Res.               

                                                                                                                                                                    Toktogul      Res .
                                                                                                                             Big   Namangan    Canal
                                                                Parkent  Canal
                               Keles  Canal                      River
                                                                 Chirchik                               North  Fergana  Canal

                            Khanym    Canal                  Karasu   LB Canal                                                                                                    Naryn     River
                                                                                                                                                  Uchkurgan
                              ZakhCanal                                                                                                           barrage                  Left Bank    Naryn   Canal

                                                                                     Kairakum  Res.             Syr Darya     River                                Greater  Fergana    Canal

                          Chardara    Res.




                                                                                                                                       Canal
                                             Dustlik  Canal                                                              Big  Andijan

      Syr Darya  River                                                                
                                                                                                       Greater  Fergana  Canal                   Kuiganyar                           Teshiktash
                                                                                                                                                 barrage
                                          South  Golodnyesteppe                                                                                                                      barrage

                                          Canal                                                                                            Karadarya      River

                                                                                                                                                                                                Andijan Res.




                                                                                                                                     




 :                                                                                                                                      

                  2:       1990, 1995,  2000  ()


                                                                                                                          1990.  1995.  2000.
                                                                                                                            0    1100.8 2224.3

             1990.     1995.     2000.                                         (SPS)          1990.    1995.       2000.
  9609.8              8399.2     8957.1           1990. 1995.  2000.                         18463.3  14774.6     9237.8
%                     -12.6%      6.6%              0     0     34.8          %                       -20.0%      -37.5%
             14567.4   9834.2    9845.9                                                      15664.9  10467.4     5725.9
             6066.0   2216.0      921.2                                                       587.0      0           0
              946.0    781.0      32.5                                          ..               0    1100.8      2224.3
                                                                                . 88.36.0             6082.4      1287.7


                    1990.   946.0          6066.0                                 310.0     8139.0 1990.
                    1995.   781.0          2216.0                                   7.2     5198.7 1995.
                    2000.   32.5           67.7                                       0       0    2000.



                                                                 1990.  1995.   2000.
1990.  0                                                        54070.8 46138.9 48121.3                  277.0       697.0  1990.
1995.  0                                   %                            -14.7%   4.3%                    2876.0      883.7  1995.
2000. 818.7                                                     56227.9 41429.3 46840.1                  0          1252.9  2000.
                                                                13012.0 9936.4   955.9
                                                                11103.2 8664.0  2237.3


                    1990.    3927.0        2344.2                                     0    2383.0  1990.
                    1995.    3724.5        2704.4            232.2                    0    3718.0  1995.
                    2000.     728.8        243.9                                  194.6    1925.6  2000.
                                                             


                   1990.    1995.   2000.        1990.   1995.    2000.                              1990.   1995.    2000.
                   19333.7 15421.2 15579.0        324.0  358.4    125.7                             9254.0   10915.6 11832.3
%                           -20.2%   1.0%                                      %                             18.0%     8.4%
                   18092.0 14759.5 14246.6         0       0      154.4                             13154.0 12283.3 14844.7
                   2668.2   3062.8   369.6                                                          3080.0   4602.1   3332.9
                   3927.0   3724.5  1701.9                                                           601.0   3234.4   320.3

         3:

      
    -     



        18 , 1992.
      ,  ,
  ,     
        
        


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              A.

  17 , 1998     ,
        
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        21 , 2000 


         
        
      
             

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                          4:  

                                                                                     Djana-Aryk Canal
Karakuygey Canal




                                                                            Toktogul                     TorkentRiver



Uzun-Akhmat    River




                                                              Toktogul Reservoir




  Toktogul HPP


                                     Karakul Town




Kurpsay HPP




                                               Tashkumyr
                                             Pumping Station

    Tashkumyr HPP




                                                    Kuduksay
                                                 Pumping Station




          Shamaldysay HPP



                                                Shamaldysay
                                                    Town
                                                                             Leftbank Naryn Canal




                                              Uchkurgan HPP
       Djeytybes Pumping
              Station




               Canal
          angan                 vier
    BigNam                      R
                           Naryn




                                          2:  

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 1991        .
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              Kyrgyzstan Electricity Consumption and                   
           Generation by Toktogul Cascade in Irrigation
                                                                      
                              Mode                                     
                                                                     
        GWh                                                      2000

    2000
    2000                                                         1500
    1500
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                                                                 1000
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     500                                                          500
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                 Aug    
           Jan  Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul      Sep Oct Nov Dec                    


    Electricity Consumption
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                                .                                         . 

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              1:      
                                                        
   (000 )                                      281.4      688.2
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                                     1 r     2        > 4 

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    : Haskoning (2001.)


 
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27       1998    .

 

 

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  7:        
                                            
                                               
                            
               48.6          13.5                 35.1
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              .  11.00       8.00   36.74  20.87   47.74
   

 
            . 3               658.2  368.8  658.2
            
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                  618   466.5                618
            
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                  10.99 8.00  36.74  20.87  47.73
         * ; + 

   :

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      10:         
             
             
                             


            
                 3      3       6

    
            
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                1100   1100    2200

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    11:         
           
            
                               
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                500     500     1000

           /1    1       1
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29  ,     . / 
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               1500   1500   3000

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                      5:

       
              1911  2000 


                                              
          (.3)               (.3)               (.3)
1911.      10.827  1941.      11.282  1971 .     13.008
1912.      11.197  1942.      12.869  1972 .     10.817
1913.      11.500  1943.      10.157  1973 .     14.226
1914.      11.428  1944.       9.193  1974 .      8.479
1915.      10.233  1945.      10.606  1975 .      8.839
1916.       8.873  1946.      10.529  1976 .      9.207
1917 .      6.524  1947.       8.159  1977 .     10.700
1918 .      8.690  1948.      10.555  1978 .     11.717
1919 .     10.690  1949.      11.369  1979 .     12.597
1920 .     10.918  1950.      11.328  1980 .     10.634
1921 .     20.722  1951.      10.548  1981 .     11.952
1922 .     13.004  1952.      16.376  1982 .      8.442
1923 .     12.605  1953 .     14.602  1983 .     11.043
1924 .     13.390  1954 .     14.954  1984 .     10.838
1925 .      9.746  1955 .     12.429  1985 .     10.303
1926 .      9.355  1956 .     12.966  1986 .      9.425
1927 .      7.476  1957 .      9.497  1987 .     14.979
1928 .     12.186  1958 .     13.167  1988 .     16.487
1929 .     10.945  1959 .     15.020  1989 .     10.081
1930 .     11.328  1960 .     14.315  1990 .     12.465
1931 .     13.872  1961 .      9.556  1991 .     10.737
1932 .      9.551  1962 .      9.666  1992 .     12.019
1933 .      8.893  1963 .     12.040  1993 .     13.612
1934 .     12.900  1964 .     14.124  1994 .     15.302
1935 .     11.416  1965 .      9.689  1995 .     10.805
1936 .     10.696  1966 .     15.636  1996 .     13.111
1937 .     10.177  1967 .     10.961  1997 .     10.701
1938 .      8.015  1968 .     12.583  1998 .     14.505
1939 .      8.368  1969 .     18.555  1999 .     15.173
1940 .      8.913  1970 .     14.747  2000 .     12.660

      6:     
                      



        
     ,   .30 
       ,    
 (          ), 
  -   ,     
      (     0.81 /
 ).         .
        
   1 .



      1:        
                                                  

                                                  
                                                   
               /.3    /3      /      /       /     /

               35      8,190    -       -      54    9,450
               39.6    8,190    16    3,900    54    9,940
               35      8,090    24    3,350    54    9,520



            35 
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               1967-1976  0.0004        0.0155  0.0159  2800   0.03  -
 
  -  - 200     1961-2000  0.0055 0.0065 0.0003  0.0123  2779   0.41 0.57

 1)            1958-1964  0.0015 0.0153 0.0038  0.0207  2940   0.07 0.7
- ,   #1-5     1981-1988  0.0007 0.0166 0.0018  0.0192  2716   0.06 0.82

         
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  2001 .          
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              48,421 49,051 49,680 50,309 50,939 51,568 52,198 52,827 53,457 54,086

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(CO2)   1
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           .
           
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