THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE ENTITIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (LODA) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Report Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 - Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Final Report Revised by the WB P.O Box 5901 KIGALI-RWANDA Email: info@ecmnlimited.com Tel: +250788300628 June, 2021 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) FOR THE PROJECT TITLE SECOND RWANDA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (RUDP II) PHASE 3- WORKS – ROAD AND DRAINAGE CHANNELS IN RUBAVU SECONDARY CITY CLIENT LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE ENTITIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY  MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT (MINALOC)  MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING (MINECOFIN)  MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE (MININFRA)  LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE ENTITIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (LODA)  RWANDA TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (RTDA)  RWANDA HOUSING AUTHORITY (RHA)  MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT (MoE) KEY PROJECT  RWANDA ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY STAKEHOLDERS (REMA)  WORLD BANK  RUBAVU CITY  PRIVATE SECTOR FEDERATION (PSF)  RESIDENTS OF RUBAVU CITY AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC  EXPERTS FROM RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS AND UNIVERSITIES  NGOs  CONSULTANCIES CONSULTANT JV ECMN LTD & ECOLEAD CONSULTANT LTD REPORT ESIA VERSION FINAL REPORT DATE JUNE 2021 ii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AASHTO: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACHO: African Cultural Heritage Organisation ACNR: Association pour la Conservation de la Nature au Rwanda, ACNR AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome APHA: American Public Health Association ARAPs: Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand CBD: Central Business District CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity CBR: California Bearing Ratio CEDO: Cell Development Officers CFC: Chlorofluorocarbons CO: Carbon Monoxide CO2: Carbon Dioxide CoK: City of Kigali COP: Conference of the Parties COVID 19: Corona Virus Disease 2019 EA: Environmental Assessment EC: Electrical Conductivity ECOSAN: Ecological sanitation EDPRS: Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF: Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan ESIS: Environmental and Social Impact Statement ESS : Environmental and Social Standards ETEKA : Ecole Technique de Kabgayi EUCL: Electricity Utility Corporation Limited GBV: Gender Based Violence GCS: Graded Crushed Stone GEMS: Global Environment Monitoring System GIS: Geographic Information System GOR: Government of Rwanda GPS: Global Positioning System HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection I &AP: Interested and Affected Persons IDA: International Development Agency IFC: International Finance Corporation iii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City INMR: Institute of National Museums of Rwanda ISDS: Investor-State Dispute Settlement IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature JV: Joint Venture KOPs: Key Observation Points LODA: Local administrative Entities Development Agency Ltd: Limited MINALOC: Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN: Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MININFRA: Ministry of Infrastructure MIDIMAR: Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs MMI: Modified Mercali Intensity MOE: Ministry of Environment NGOs: Non-governmental organization NH3: Ammonia NMTs: Non-Motorized Transports NOX: Nitrogen Oxides NO2: Nitrogen Dioxide NST1: National Strategy for Transformation OSH: Occupational Safety and Health PAPs: Project Affected Persons pH: Potential of hydrogen PPE: Personal Protective Equipment RAPs: Resettlement Action Plans RDB: Rwanda Development Board REG: Rwanda Energy Group REMA: Rwanda Environment Management Authority RHA: Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA: Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RMB: Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RoW: Right-of-Way RPF: Resettlement Policy Framework RTDA: Rwanda Transport Development Agency RUDP II: Second Rwanda Urban Development Project RNP: Rwanda National Police RWB: Rwanda Water Resources Board RWFA: Rwanda Water and Forest Authority SACCOs: Savings and Credit Cooperative Organization SDA: Seventh Day Adventist SEP: Stakeholder Engagement Plan iv ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City SGI Ingénierie S.A: European group of consulting engineers specializing in the fields of Civil Engineering, Construction, Water and Environment. SOX: Sulphur Oxides SO2: Sulphur Dioxide STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases SWOT: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TA: Technical Assistance ToR: Terms of Reference UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme USGS: United States Geological Survey VEC: Valued Ecosystem Components VIP: Ventilated Improve Pit Latrines WASAC: Water and Sanitation Corporation WB: World bank WHO: World Health Organization v ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Consultancy Team greatly appreciates the support and cooperation rendered by Local Administrative Entities Development Agency (LODA) and Rwanda Development Board (RDB) during the course of compiling this Environmental and Social Impact Statement (ESIS). Special mention is made to the officials and people of the Rubavu City for their support to this assignment. vi ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.............................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xiii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... xv LIST OF PLATES ......................................................................................................... xvii TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS ......................................................................... xviii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... xxi 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project background ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ESIA Objectives and Scope........................................................................................ 2 1.3 Objective of the Project............................................................................................... 4 1.4 ESIA Content and Structure ....................................................................................... 4 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................. 6 2.1 Project Justification ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Project Development Objective .................................................................................. 6 2.3 Project scope .............................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Roads, Standalones and Ponds/Lagoons Geometric Design and components ....... 11 2.4.1 Road cross section options ............................................................................................................. 11 2.4.2 Cross drainage structure ................................................................................................................. 13 2.4.3 Lagoons .......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.4 Recommendations of the road cross-section options ..................................................................... 15 2.4.5 Road Pavement Design .................................................................................................................. 21 2.5 Description of project activities ................................................................................. 22 2.5.1 Pre- construction phase ................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.2 Construction phase ......................................................................................................................... 24 2.5.3 Operational phase ........................................................................................................................... 25 2.5.4 Decommissioning phase ................................................................................................................. 26 3. POLICY LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................... 28 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 28 3.2 Institutional Framework............................................................................................. 28 3.3 Policy Framework ..................................................................................................... 31 3.4 Legal Framework ...................................................................................................... 36 vii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 3.5 The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Process in Rwanda .................. 43 3.6 International Legislative Framework and World Bank Environmental and Social Standards ....................................................................................................................... 44 3.6.1 International Agreements ............................................................................................................... 44 3.6.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Framework ...................................................................... 45 3.6.3 Project Classification...................................................................................................................... 48 4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 50 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 50 4.2 Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 53 4.3 Determination of Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions ............................. 55 4.4 Water Quality Assessment ....................................................................................... 55 4.5 Noise level assessment ............................................................................................ 58 4.6 Air Quality Assessment............................................................................................. 59 4.7 Biological assessment (Flora, Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, and other fauna) ............. 61 4.8 Historical and Cultural heritage assessments ........................................................... 62 4.9 Landscape and Visual impacts assessment ............................................................. 62 4.10 Socio-economic assessment .................................................................................. 62 4.11 Environmental Standards ....................................................................................... 63 4.12. Identification and analysis of Potential Environmental & Social Impacts ............... 63 4.12.1 Impacts Identification ................................................................................................................... 63 4.12.2 Impacts Evaluation/ Characterization .......................................................................................... 64 4.12.3 Assessment of Impact Significance .............................................................................................. 66 4.12.4 Assessment of Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................................. 67 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC BASELINE ..................................... 69 5.1 Physical environment ............................................................................................... 69 5.1.1 Location of the project area ............................................................................................................ 69 5.1.2 Topography .................................................................................................................................... 69 5.1.3 Geology and Soils .......................................................................................................................... 69 5.1.4 Hydrography, Drainage and Water Quality ................................................................................... 72 5.1.5 Earthquake and seismicity hazard history ...................................................................................... 75 5.1.6. Air quality ..................................................................................................................................... 75 5.1.7 Land Use and Settlement................................................................................................................ 76 5.1.8 Climate and Rainfall....................................................................................................................... 77 5.1.9 Noise Level .................................................................................................................................... 77 viii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5.1.10 Key project component issues ...................................................................................................... 79 5.1.11 Existing road conditions ............................................................................................................... 82 5.2 Biological Environment ............................................................................................. 83 5.2.1 Flora ............................................................................................................................................... 83 5.2.2 Fauna .............................................................................................................................................. 85 5.3 Socio-economic environment ................................................................................... 87 5.3.1 Population ...................................................................................................................................... 87 5.3.2 Household size and composition .................................................................................................... 88 5.3.3 Project Affected Household ........................................................................................................... 88 5.3.4 Land Tenure and Project Impacts on Land Use ............................................................................. 91 5.3.5 Economic Activities of Project Affected Households and Household Income .............................. 91 5.3.6 Sources of Income for Project Affected Households ..................................................................... 92 5.3.7 Housing and Related Facilities ....................................................................................................... 94 5.3.8 Infrastructure and Housing utilities ................................................................................................ 96 5.3.9 Education........................................................................................................................................ 96 5.3.10 Water and Sanitation .................................................................................................................... 97 5.3.11 Health ........................................................................................................................................... 99 5.3.12 Gender Based Violence .............................................................................................................. 100 5.4 Cultural Heritage and tourism ................................................................................. 101 5.5 Sensitive Ecosystems ............................................................................................. 101 6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................... 104 6.1 Zero Scenario ......................................................................................................... 104 6.2 Alternative Roads and Drains location .................................................................... 104 6.3 Road width design .................................................................................................. 105 6.4 Design for the drainages......................................................................................... 105 6.5 Design for the drainage pond/ lagoon ..................................................................... 105 6.6 Construction technology and materials ................................................................... 106 6.7 Waste management options ................................................................................... 107 6.7.1 Human excreta.............................................................................................................................. 107 6.7.2 Solid Waste Management Alternatives ........................................................................................ 108 6.7.3 Dumpsites, Quarries and Borrow pits .......................................................................................... 109 6.8 Selected Options .................................................................................................... 110 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 112 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 112 ix ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2 Project impacts ....................................................................................................... 112 7.2.1 Positive impacts during construction ........................................................................................... 112 7.2.2 Negative impacts during construction period ............................................................................... 116 7.2.3 Negative impacts of the roads operation ...................................................................................... 143 7.2.4 Negative environmental impacts of decommissioning activities ................................................. 144 7.2.5 Cumulative impacts ...................................................................................................................... 145 7.3 Environmental and Social Management Plan ......................................................... 146 7.4 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (ESMP) ................................................ 165 7.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 165 7.4.2 Institutional arrangement and roles .............................................................................................. 165 7.4.3 Implementing Management Arrangements .................................................................................. 171 7.4.4 Environmental monitoring parameters and permissible standards ............................................... 173 7.5 Storm Water Management Plan ............................................................................. 180 7.5.1 Importance of a storm water management plan ........................................................................... 180 7.5.2 Storm water management measures ............................................................................................. 180 7.5.3 Road side Ponds/Lagoons Management....................................................................................... 183 7.6 Contingency Plan ................................................................................................... 186 7.6.1 Spills ............................................................................................................................................. 186 7.6.2 Damages to environment and properties ................................................................................. 189 7.7. Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan .................................. 190 7.8 Traffic Management Plan and Safety Signage ....................................................... 192 7.8.1 Issues and problems related to Traffic Management Plan............................................................ 192 7.8.2 Road safety signs.......................................................................................................................... 195 7.8.3 Diversions..................................................................................................................................... 198 7.9 Vegetation Restoration Plan ................................................................................... 198 7.9.1 Rehabilitation objectives .............................................................................................................. 198 7.9.2. Existing vegetation ...................................................................................................................... 198 7.9.3 Types and quantity of vegetation to be planted ............................................................................ 199 7.9.4 Weed Control ............................................................................................................................... 200 7.9.5 Revegetation Techniques ............................................................................................................. 200 7.9.6 Timing and Staging of Re-vegetation Works ............................................................................... 201 7.10 Chance find Procedure ......................................................................................... 201 7.10.1 Purpose of the chance find procedure ........................................................................................ 201 7.10.2 Responsibility ............................................................................................................................. 202 7.10.3 Scope of the chance find procedure ........................................................................................... 202 7.10.4 Induction/ Training..................................................................................................................... 202 x ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.10.5 Chance find procedure ............................................................................................................... 202 7.10.6 Additional information: Management options for archaeological site ....................................... 204 7.10.7 Management of replicable and non-replicable heritage ............................................................. 204 7.11 Training and capacity building plan ...................................................................... 206 8. CONSULTATIVE AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................................. 209 8.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 209 8.2 Procedure for Stakeholder’s engagement .............................................................. 209 8.3. Engagement methods and techniques .................................................................. 210 8.4 Stakeholder Analysis .............................................................................................. 213 8.4.1 Stakeholder Identification ............................................................................................................ 213 8.4.2 Stakeholder Analysis .................................................................................................................. 214 8.5 Stakeholder Engagement ....................................................................................... 217 8.5.1 Approaches ................................................................................................................................... 217 8.5.2 Outcomes of the Stakeholder Engagement Program .................................................................... 219 8.5.3 Attitudes of PAPS towards RUDP II phase 3 .............................................................................. 223 8.5.4 Enhancement measures for the social issues raised during the public consultation ............ 224 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................................................................... 227 9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 227 9.2 Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................ 227 9.3 Grievance Redress process ................................................................................... 228 9.3.1 Project Level Grievance Redress Mechanism: Grievance Redress Committee ........................... 228 9.3.2 Labor Related Grievance Mechanism .......................................................................................... 229 9.3.3 Judiciary Level Grievance Redress Mechanism .......................................................................... 231 9.4 Communication Plan ....................................................................................................................... 234 10. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CLAUSES FOR SUCCESSFUL BIDDERS FOR RUDP II PHASE 3 IN RUBAVU DISTRICT .................................................................. 236 11. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 261 LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 262 ANNEXES .................................................................................................................... 265 Annex 1: Road engineering design (Rugerero-Buhuru asphalt road) ........................... 265 Annex 2: Special distribution of seismicity events in and around Rwanda (with location of the proposed project area) ........................................................................................... 273 Annex 3: Social Survey Questionnaire for PAPs .......................................................... 274 Annex 4: Interview Guide - Project Key Informants ...................................................... 279 Annex 5: Interview Guide - Focused Group Discussion ............................................... 282 xi ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 6: Grievance Redress Mechanism Log Frame Template .................................. 284 Annex 7: Standardized Incident reporting format ............................................................. 286 Annex 8: List of people who participated in Public consultation ................................... 288 Annex 9: Minutes for the consultation meetings ........................................................... 291 Annex 10: Code of Conduct for Contractors and workers hired under RUDP II project.297 Annex 11: COVID-19 prevention and risk management plan preparation and monitoring template for RUDP II sub-project locations ................................................................... 307 Annex 12: Tolerance limits for discharged industrial wastewater ................................. 317 Annex 13: Tolerance limits for discharged domestic wastewater ......................... 318 Annex 14: Chance Find Procedure............................................................................... 319 Annex 15: Checklist for supervision .............................................................................. 322 Annex 16: Consultant Team ......................................................................................... 324 xii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2- 1: Location of the RUDP II Phase 3 in the Rubavu City (Rugerero-Byahi road) ............................. 9 Figure 2- 2: Byahi Sub-projects ...................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2- 3: Typical Street Cross Section Option 1 (width 13.80 m).............................................................. 11 Figure 2- 4: Typical Street Cross Section Option 2 (width 14.00m)............................................................... 12 Figure 2- 5: Typical Street Cross Section Option 3 (width 11.20m)............................................................... 13 Figure 2- 6: Typical cross section of drain with Rectangular or Trapezoidal masonry .................................. 14 Figure 2- 7: Typical cross section of drain with cover slab (a), without cover slab (b) .................................. 14 Figure 2- 8: Options for locations of bus stops ............................................................................................... 20 Figure 3- 1: ESIA process for RUDP II Phase 3 ............................................................................................. 43 Figure 4- 1: Sampling sites for water quality analysis in Rubavu City ........................................................... 57 Figure 4- 2: Places for Noise level measurement in the context of RUDP II in Rubavu City ........................ 60 Figure 5- 1: Location of Rubavu District in Rwanda ...................................................................................... 70 Figure 5- 2: Slope variation in the project in Rubavu City project area......................................................... 71 Figure 5- 3: Hydrology and Drainage in the project area ................................................................................ 73 Figure 5- 4: Monthly rainfall at Gisenyi Airport, Rubavu City ...................................................................... 77 Figure 5- 5: Noise level at along the project site: Rugerero Junction (a), Kagurira Village Centre (b), Rubavu Sector Office Junction (c), Karukogo Village Centre (d), UTB University (e) and Buhuru Centre (f). 78 Figure 5- 6: Household Heads Gender Distribution per Age Group ............................................................... 88 Figure 5- 7: Project Affected Persons Entitlement .......................................................................................... 91 Figure 5- 8: Project Affected Household Income ........................................................................................... 92 Figure 5- 9: Employment Status of the Project Affected persons ................................................................... 93 Figure 5- 10: Business Categories ................................................................................................................... 94 Figure 5- 11: Type of Roofing Materials for project affected persons............................................................ 94 Figure 5- 12: Type of Materials used for Walls .............................................................................................. 95 Figure 5- 13: Type of Materials used for Floors ............................................................................................. 95 Figure 5- 14: Access to Services and Infrastructure........................................................................................ 96 Figure 5- 15: Education Level ......................................................................................................................... 97 Figure 5- 16: Main Source of Water for Domestic Use .................................................................................. 98 Figure 5- 17: Type of Sanitary Facilities Used by Households....................................................................... 99 Figure 5- 18: Prevalent Chronic Ailments .................................................................................................... 100 Figure 5- 19: Location of Nationally protected species in Rubavu City project area ................................... 103 xiii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 6- 1: Proposed solid waste bins with different colour........................................................................ 108 Figure 6- 2: Principles of waste management ............................................................................................... 109 Figure 7- 1: Land parcels with/ without crops along the Byahi settlements road (example of crops: beans, maize, tomatoes, oignon) .............................................................................................................................. 121 Figure 7- 2: Land parcels with/ without crops along the Rugerero-Buhuru road (example of crops: beans, maize, banana, cassava, avocado) ................................................................................................................. 122 xiv ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City LIST OF TABLES Table 2- 1: Roads, standalones, ponds/ lagoons covered by RUDP II in the Rubavu City............................... 7 Table 3- 1: The roles and responsibilities of relevant Institutions .................................................................. 29 Table 3- 2: National Policies, Plan and Strategies .......................................................................................... 31 Table 3- 3: Relevant National legal framework applicable to RUDP II phase 3 ............................................ 36 Table 3- 4: WB Environmental and Social Standards relevant to this project ................................................ 45 Table 4- 1: Overview of tasks and approaches................................................................................................ 52 Table 4- 2: Water sampling sites and schedule in Rubavu City ...................................................................... 56 Table 4- 3: Air Emission limits specified World Health Organization ........................................................... 61 Table 4- 4: Identification of the Project impacts using a checklist table......................................................... 64 Table 4- 5: Impact Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................................ 65 Table 4- 6: Assessment of the project impacts using the Impact Prediction Matrix ....................................... 67 Table 5- 1: Water quality for water samples collected in Sebeya (Rugerero junction) and Lake Kivu (Rubavu City). Highlighted in red are parameters whose values exceed the maximum allowable guidelines. Grease, Oil & Lead and Cadmium were very low, below level of detection (ND). .................................................... 74 Table 5- 2: Air Quality in Rubavu City........................................................................................................... 76 Table 5- 3: Key Project Environmental and Social Issues in the Rubavu City ............................................... 80 Table 5- 4: List of plant species recorded along the proposed roads alignment ............................................. 84 Table 5- 5: List of Bird/Mammal/Reptile/Batracian/Invertabrate species ...................................................... 86 Table 5- 6: Interviewed Households and Business Premises per Village. ...................................................... 87 Table 5- 7: Vulnerable PAPs in the project area of RUDP II Phase 3 in the Rubavu City ............................. 90 Table 6- 1: Comparison of the RUDP II Phase 3 alternatives using a four (4) level rating criteria 0: No impacts, +1: low positive impact, +2: medium positive impact, +3: high positive impact, -1: low negative impact, -2: medium negative impact, -3: high negative impact .................................................................... 111 Table 7- 1: Impacts of the RUDP II phase 3 project activities ...................................................................... 118 Table 7- 2: Summary of PAPs Identified along the Project Sections............................................................ 119 Table 7- 3: Location of the protected Plants and Animals species................................................................ 124 Table 7- 4: Environmental and Social Management Plan during Designing/Planning Phase....................... 148 Table 7- 5: Environmental and Social Management Plan during Construction Phase .................................. 151 Table 7- 6: Environmental and Social Management Plan during Operational Phase ................................... 163 Table 7- 7: Re-vegetation Monitoring Guide .............................................................................................. 176 Table 7- 8: Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................. 177 Table 7- 9: Storm water management plan during Construction phase ........................................................ 182 Table 7- 10: Storm water management plan during operational phase ......................................................... 182 Table 7- 11: Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan for RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu . 190 Table 7- 12: Proposed countermeasures the Traffic issues ........................................................................... 194 Table 7- 13: Road safety signs to be used during the implementation (construction phase) ........................ 195 Table 7- 14: Indicative content of the RUDP II phase 3 capacity building training for Rubavu City .......... 207 Table 8- 1: Stakeholders consultation methods for the preparation of the RUDP-II ESIA in Rubavu City . 210 Table 8- 2: Stakeholders levels of consultation............................................................................................. 211 Table 8- 3: Stakeholders for RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City .................................................................... 213 Table 8- 4: Stakeholder Analysis for RUDP II phase ................................................................................... 215 Table 8- 5: Place and dates of the Public Consultations in Rubavu City ...................................................... 218 Table 8- 6: Schedule of Door to Door Interviews in the Rubavu City .......................................................... 219 Table 8- 7:Stakeholders perceptions on the implementation of previous RUDP phases in Rubavu City .... 219 Table 8- 8: Issues raised during consultation and their responses................................................................. 221 Table 8- 9: Enhancement measures for the project impacts .......................................................................... 224 Table 9- 1: Grievance Redress Process for the implementation of RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu District ... 232 Table 9- 2: Proposed Members of GRC and their roles, RUDP II Phase 3 ................................................. 233 Table 9- 3: Proposed members of the GBV task force for RUDP II Phase 3 ............................................... 234 xv ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 9- 4: Tools to be used to communicate with the project for communication and sending recommendations, claims, and observations ................................................................................................. 235 Table 10- 1: Environmental and Social Technical Clauses (ESTCs) to be incorporated in the Tender Document for RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City........................................................................................... 237 xvi ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City LIST OF PLATES Plate 2- 1: Typical roadside storm water retention pond................................................................................. 15 Plate 2- 2: Typical Mobile Campsites to be used in the RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City ............................ 23 Plate 5- 1: Residential houses (a) and farmlands (b) falling within the road Right of Way............................ 80 Plate 5- 2: Electrical poles and houses within the road Right of Way ............................................................ 81 Plate 5- 3: Flooding prone zone at Karukogo village centre (a), at junction to Rubavu sector office (b), near Rugerero village centre (c). ............................................................................................................................. 81 Plate 5- 4: Stagnant water ponds along Rugerero-Buhuru road where lagoons were proposed: Karukogo storm water pond (Children were swimming and bathing in the pond) (a); Stagnante storm water at Byahi (b) .................................................................................................................................................................... 81 Plate 5- 5: Poor road state at Byahi settlement roads with very narrow road (a) with potholes (b) ................ 82 Plate 5- 6: Poorly maitained road with potholes, encroached to houses (a) sometimes without drainages (b) along Rubavu-Buhuru road ............................................................................................................................. 83 Plate 5- 7: Patches of Erythrina abyssinica (Umuko) along the road Rugerero-Buhuru, between Rugerero and Rubavu Sector Offices.............................................................................................................................. 85 Plate 7- 1: Illustration of safety risks from hazard areas due to excavations in front of hosues and blind spot created with the machinery and materiales placed in the road ...................................................................... 140 Plate 8- 1: Public Consultation with local people in Gikombe Cell, Rubavu Sector, Rubavu District ....... 213 Plate 8- 2: Focus group discussion in Bambiro Village, Gikombe Cell, Rubavu Sector, Rubavu District .. 218 xvii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS Term Explanation Alternative A possible course of action, in place of another, that would meet the same purpose and need but which would avoid or minimize negative impacts or enhance project benefits. These can include alternative locations/sites, layouts, processes, designs, schedules and/or inputs. The “no-project” alternative constitutes the ‘without project’ option and provides a benchmark against which to evaluate changes; development should result in net benefit to society and should avoid undesirable negative impacts. Assessment The process of collecting, organizing, analysing, interpreting and communicating information relevant to decision making. Cumulative In relation to an activity, means the impact of an activity that in itself may not Impacts be significant but may become significant when added to the existing and potential impacts eventuating from similar or diverse activities or undertakings in the area. Effect/Impact Any change in the physical, natural or cultural environment brought about by a development Project. Effect and Impact are used interchangeably. Environment As defined in the organic law, Environment is a diversity of things made up of natural and artificial environment. It includes chemical substances, biodiversity as well as socio-economic activities, cultural, aesthetic, and scientific factors likely to have direct or indirect, immediate or long-term effects on the development of an area, biodiversity and on human activities. Environmental The information provided by a Developer to a Competent Authority on inter Information alia the Project and its environmental effects. Environmental and A working document on environmental and socio-economic mitigation Social Management measures, which must be implemented by several responsible parties during all Plan (ESMP) the phases of the proposed project. ESIA Team The team which carries out the Environmental Studies and prepares the Environmental information for submission to a Competent Authority. xviii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Term Explanation Evaluation The process of ascertaining the relative importance or significance of information, the light of people’s values, preference and judgments in order to make a decision. Hazard Anything that has the potential to cause damage to life, property and/or the environment. The hazard of a particular material or installation is constant; that is, it would present the same hazard wherever it was present. Mitigate The implementation of practical measures to reduce adverse impacts. Project The execution of construction works or of other installations or schemes and other interventions in the natural surroundings and landscape. Public Citizens who have diverse cultural, educational, political and socio-economic characteristics. The public is not a homogeneous and unified group of people with a set of agreed common interests and aims. There is no single public. There are a number of publics, some of whom may emerge at any time during the process depending on their particular concerns and the issues involved. Review The process of establishing whether an ESIA is adequate for the Competent Authority to use it to inform the decision on Development Consent. It is important to note that the decision will usually involve consideration of other information in addition to the environmental information, but the aim of review is to check that the environmental information is adequate. Scoping Process Process of identifying: issues that will be relevant for consideration of the application; the potential environmental impacts of the proposed activity; and alternatives to the proposed activity that are feasible and reasonable. Screening The process by which a decision is taken on whether or not EIA is required for a particular Project. Significant Effect / An impact that by its magnitude, duration, intensity or probability of Impact occurrence may have a notable effect on one or more aspects of the environment. Stakeholders A sub-group of the public whose interests may be positively or negatively affected by a proposal or activity and/or who are concerned with a proposal or activity and its consequences. The term therefore includes the proponent, xix ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Term Explanation authorities (both the lead authority and other authorities) and all interested and affected parties (I&APs). The principle that environmental consultants and stakeholder engagement practitioners should be independent and unbiased excludes these groups from being considered stakeholders. xx ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Abstract The Government of Rwanda (GoR) is implementing the Urban Development Project with financial support of the World Bank for civil works project in the six secondary cities and the City of Kigali. The civil works project has been divided into four (4) phases. Phase I was completed in 2018, Phase two is going on, while Phase 3 is in the design stage. In Rubavu Secondary City, the proposed RUDP II Phase 3 project activities comprise of two road networks, drains, two standalones and four (4) rainwater ponds/lagoons. The nature and scope of the project makes it to fall under those projects that require an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) as provisioned by the Article 30 of Rwanda Environmental Law No. 48/2018, the Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 and the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards on Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks (ESS 1). The proposed project roads consist of: (1) Rugerero-Buhuru asphalt road (5.7 km) that extends from Rugerero to Rubavu Sector, (2) Byahi settlement roads (4.4 km) located in Rubavu sector. Along with the above project roads, side drains and culvert exits will be constructed to ensure the proper drainage of the area. Standalones drains to be constructed include: (1) Rugerero standalone drain (0.8 km) with outlet to Sebeya River after crossing the NR2 at Rugerero; (2) Byahi standalone drain (0.61 km) with outfalls to Buhuru centre-Umuganda Stadium road. To ensure proper management of the storm water all around the project road, four ponds/lagoons were proposed at low land area/area with depression, along Rugerero-Buhuru road: One at the old quarry nearby Rugerero Centre, another at Rugerero-Buhuru road junction to Rubavu Sector office in Kibaya administrative village; another at Karukogo village centre in Karukogo administrative village, and another at the foot of Rubavu hill in Ngugu administrative village. The project main impacts are related to land take from road widening purpose and disruption and limiting utility services and access to places along the project roads alignment during construction. The appropriate mitigation measures were proposed: A fair compensation at full replacement cost of all affected properties and lands will be undertaken, based on the WB Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), National Expropriation Law and the Rubavu City xxi ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City expropriation procedures, with participation of owners and local administration in all compensation process. The project investment cost is 10,824,000,000 RwF and will generate employment for 350-500 persons mainly local people. The cost for implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan has been estimated at 1,968,041,044 RwF including 1,741,041,044 RwF for RAP implementation as specified in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)(see Table 1 for more details). Table 1: Cost summary for implementation of project ESMP (1 USD = 982.360577 RwF as per May 8, 2021)1 Environmental and Social Cost in local currency (RwF) Cost in USD Management Items RAP implementation as 1,741,041,044 1,772,303.45 specified in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Waste management including 40,000,000 40,718.25 dumping of soil spoil ESMP Monitoring and 40,000,000 40,718.25 supervision Landscaping and greening 35,000,000 35,628.47 (restoration) Health and safety 36,000,000 36,646.42 Provision of water, hand 10,000,000 10,179.56 washing points and eating areas Capacity building (training) 4,000,000 4,071.82 Miscellaneous 32,000,000 32,574.60 Cost contingency 30,000,000 30,538.68 Total 1,968,041,044 2,003,379.50 2. Background and Need for the Project The Rubavu City constitutes an important hub for the country socio-economy and tourist with high potentialities of commerce and infrastructural development. However, the city is connected to sub-standard roads that poorly facilitate transportation of goods and services is some informal settlements such as Buhuru/Byahi. It is in this regard that the Rubavu District has proposed to asphalt the roads with associated drains and rainwater ponds/lagoons in order to facilitate urban 1 https://www.bnr.rw/currency/exchange- rate/?tx_bnrcurrencymanager_master%5Baction%5D=list&tx_bnrcurrencymanager_master%5Bcontroller%5D=C urrency&cHash=4fb7571d4be4cafcb4dc2859ca4996ea xxii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City household’s access to livelihood, social, recreational, cultural and tourist assets in the Rubavu City. It is anticipated that the project will have very limited impacts on the land, water, animal, plant, humans as it will be passing on existing roads right-of-way. 3. Project Development Objectives and Scope The project aims to improve access to sustainable services and strengthen urban management and resilience in low income areas of the Rubavu City. The construction of the roads, drains, standalones and rainwater ponds/ lagoons will reduce constraints in transport within the urban and semi-urban areas of the Rubavu and Rugerero Sectors and; increase easy accessibility to markets (e.g. Byahi commercial centre), education institutions (e.g. UTB University), churches (e.g. EAR, ADEPR, SDA churches), medical centres (e.g. Byahi health centre and Ndengera VTC), administrative offices (e.g. Rubavu and Rugerero sector offices) and other facilities that would in turn boast the living standards of the community along the project lines and the country’s economy at large. Improved drains and construction of lagoons will collect road surface rainwater and prevent unplanned flooding that destroy crops and properties and influence water- borne diseases occurrence to communities nearby. The road Rugerero-Buhuru centre (5.81km) starts from Rugerero junction and stretches to Buhuru commercial centre, while the Byahi settlement roads (5.59 km) extend from Byahi health centre to Buhaza Cell in Rubavu Sector. Along with the project roads, the project will also construct two drains with a length of 1.39 km and four storm water lagoons (Table 2, Figure 1). The project investment cost is 10,824,000,000 RwF (11,018,357.47 USD). Table 2: Roads and drains covered by RUDP II in the Rubavu City Name Length (km) Width (m) Byahi settlement roads Byahi 1 0.35 11 Byahi 2 1 11 Byahi 3 0.5 10 Byahi 4 0.16 10 Byahi 5 0.16 10 Byahi 6 0.11 10 Byahi 7 0.12 10 Byahi 8 0.22 10 Byahi 9 0.2 10 xxiii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Name Length (km) Width (m) Byahi 10 0.16 10 Byahi 11 0.2 10 Byahi 12 1.1 10 Byahi 13 0.13 10 Byahi 14 0.11 10 Byahi 15 0.13 10 Byahi 16 0.14 10 Byahi 17 0.14 10 Byahi 18 0.17 10 0.17 Byahi 19 10 Byahi 20 0.06 10 Rugerero-Buhuru road Rugerero - Buhuru road 5.81 14 Total 11.14 Drains at Rubavu road project Drain 1 1.20 1.5 Drian 2 0.20 1.5 Total 1.39 xxiv ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 1: Location map of the project area 4. Methodology of the ESIA The assessment was guided by the terms of reference (ToR) provided by LODA and ToR approved by RDB and the project Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) instruments approved by the World Bank. The methodology was based on scientific qualitative and xxv ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City quantitative procedures required to conduct an ESIA with assurance to strict adherence to the relevant legislative framework and regulations governing the transport sector, construction, land, water, health and safety, cultural resources, pollution, mining (extraction of construction materials), labor and environment in Rwanda. The study methods included stakeholder consultations, questionnaire administering, site visits/physical inspections, baseline surveys, integration and assessment of this information. The ESIA also consider different alternatives for the works in the Rubavu City. 5. Roads and drainage cross sections The major road cross-section elements include the roadway, bus bays/bus-stops, curbs, greening space, street lighting, non-motorized transport (NMT) facilities (sidewalks and cycle lanes), drainage facilities, cut/embankment slopes, and space for utility services, depending on available right-of- way. With regard to broad cross section options, the project had four (4) options, and only two (2) were considered, all based on lowest expropriation cost and social displacement impacts: ● Option 1: Roadway (6.00m width), covered ditch extended with pavers for sidewalk (1.20m) and street lighting band (1.00m); right-of-way width 8.20m. ● Option 2: Roadway (6.0m width), sidewalk (1.00 m) and street lighting band (1.00m) and retaining and breast walls (2.00 m); right-of-way width 10.00m; ● Option 3: Roadway corridor of 11.20m width and 6m right-of-way (two-ways), walkways on both sides, side drain on one side with covered slabs (also acting as walkway), street lighting and provisions for utility services (1metre on each side): Byahi settlement asphalt roads; ● Option 4: Roadway corridor of 14.00m width and 7m right-of-way (two-ways), with cycle lane on one side, walkway on both sides, side drains on both sides with covered slabs acting as walkk way, street lighting and provisions for utility services (1 m on each side: Rugerero-Buhuru asphalt road (Figure 2). Based on consultations with the District, LODA and the Designing engineering team, option 2 (10 m) was selected for Byahi settlement roads where available right-of way was inadequate and xxvi ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City the cost for expropriations for additional right-of-way was high. For Rugerero-Buhuru road, option 4 (14 m) was considered the best as it will be able to accommodate heavy trucks and trailers to and from Rubavu City. Figure 2: Typical Street Cross Section Option 2 (width 14.00m) proposed for Rugerero-Buhuru Project Road The drainage system was designed to remove the highest volume of storm/ rainwater from the road surface and its surrounding. At places where there was any alternative drainage way out, lagoons were designed with the required capacity to retain and infiltrate the storm water from the road catchment (Figure 3). The pond will increase the groundwater recharge and reduce the storm water runoff and erosion inconveniences (flood, damage to infrastructures and high maintenance cost of drains). xxvii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 3: Typical cross section of drain with Rectangular or Trapezoidal masonry 6. Project Key impacts and Enhancement measures The study has shown the project will have both positive and negative impacts to the natural and social environment. The positive project impacts include the employment opportunities, income generating opportunities, ease of transportation of goods and persons and safe storm water evacuation and reduced risk of uncontrolled runoff hazards. The project tends to achieve the objectives of the Vision 2020, Seven (7) Years Government Programme (National Strategy for Transformation 2017–2024, Rwanda vision 2035 and 2050 related to developing infrastructure in urban and rural areas. The project will be implemented in Rubavu City where natural vegetation disappeared long time ago due to human activities and settlements, hence the project impacts to flora and fauna will be limited to the clearance of some wild grasses. Instead, road civil works, drainage works and dumping of the soil spoils and wastes will lead to (1) loss or damages on land and properties thereon during land acquisition for access roads, quarry/borrow sites and dumpsites; (2) vegetation clearance and associated risks of erosion, landslide and pollution risk to water resources, (3) emission of dust, gas and wastes to the surrounding environment and (4) noise and traffic congestion; (5) safety issues to workers and local people during site clearance, excavation and civil works. xxviii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Prevention, mitigation and compensation measures to minimize the project negative impacts have been proposed in Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan. As part of mitigation measures, LODA, Rubavu District and the contractor will: Pre-construction period  Ensure fair compensation at full replacement cost of properties and lands to be affected by the project, be based on the WB policy and National Expropriation Law and districts expropriation procedures. Ensure participation of owners and local administration in all compensation process;  Ensure the recommendations from this ESIA are incorporated in the project design and incorporate standardized environmental and social clauses in tender documentation and contract documents so that potential bidders are aware of environmental and social performance requirements expected from them, are able to reflect that in their bids, and required to implement the clauses for the duration of the contract; Construction period The contractor will implement the standardized environmental and social clauses and all enhancement and mitigations measures for all project impacts. These include:  Adopting proper mitigation measures with minimum impacts (sharing construction materials, dumpsites to minimize dust, noise, carbon emissions, waste generation);  Education of construction workers to minimize social disturbance and cultural conflict;  provision of temporary access to local traffic; timely compensation for the lost items;  Proper maintenance of the existing community access roads, timely relocation of water pipes, communication lines and other utilities and timely restoration/strengthening of project sites upon completion of construction. Operation period Rubavu District will ensure:  Increased tree-planting by adding new native tree species in appropriate locations;  Established and maintained the signboards near sensitive receptors like schools, places of worship, centres, etc.; xxix ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Installed and maintained speed humps at selected places (e.g. near settlement, schools, university, markets, health centre, sharp curves or other accident hotspots) to slow down the traffic at those critical locations;  Provision of adequate lighting facilities in project area;  Local people are ssensitized about best practices for the management of wastewater and solid wastes and are educated on avoiding discharging wastewater and scattering trashes on road pavements and drains;  Provision of regular maintenance works of road and drainage infrastructures with regular services of cleaning and repairs 7. Public Involvement Community participation and consultation were undertaken among people living within the project areas of influence and relevant district and sector road engineers. Training of the locals on public consultations and survey methods was conducted simultaneously between 09th and 11th November 2020 in Rubavu and Rugerero Sectors along the project sites (road, drains and drains outlets ponds). The trained locals then assisted in conducting the public consultation exercise, which was divided into three phases:  The first phase entailed to conduct public awareness meetings with all Project Affected Persons (PAPs) in Rugerero and Rubavu Sectors;  The second phase was the one by one interviews of the PAPs or what is often referred to as a door-to-door survey. PAPs were grouped in women, men, vulnerable, youth and road users;  The third phase is the validation workshops where all PAPS assemble to validate the data collected during the door to door interviews. All consulted persons had high expectations from the project in terms of jobs, business and income opportunities, ease transport and connectivity to livelihood, social and commercial areas in the City. However, they insisted on the need for fair discussed and agreed on compensation and the need to give the priority to local people especially those affected in the selection of employees. Male and female should be given equal chance during recruitment and payment should be done in due time. xxx ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City As part of RUDP implementation, the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) was implemented, but with different success stories according to phases. In RUDP I, although the Grievance Redress Committees were put in place but they were not operational, mainly due to the lack of the budget plan and incentives. In the ongoing phase (RUDP I Phase 2), the GRM is operational with regular monthly activities and reporting as a result of contractors’ mobilization, regular monitoring and supervision by the safeguards team at LODA and other project implementers. The ESIA for this phase under preparation (RUDP II Phase 3) makes compulsory provisions of clauses related to the operation of the GRM in the tender document and bills of quantity to ensure the contractor understand and quote for the GRM activities. 8. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The purpose of the this ESIA and ESMP is to ensure the application of country regulation (EIA, labor, biodiversity, water, etc) and the World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Standards to reduce environmental and social impacts during the construction and operational phases of the financed works under RUDP II (such as roads, drains and standalone proposed to build) in the Rubavu City. The ESMP therefore sets out the methods by which proper environmental, social, health and safety planning, measures and controls are to be implemented by the District and LODA and, the contractor based largely on the prevention, mitigation and compensation measures which are mandatory for the works to be financed. The ESMP is mandatory for all contractors and sub-contractors during construction and it also includes measures to be developed by the District and ensure that mitigation and enhancement measures continue throughout the operating life of the project. The ESMP implementation will be evaluated in future environmental audits to be done by the project. Thus, the ESMP ensures that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with design by taking appropriate mitigation measures to minimize impacts on the environment during construction and operation phases. It emphasizes how the development may impact on relevant environmental factors and how these impacts may be mitigated and managed according to National regulations and the approved ESF instruments by the World Bank that includes: ESMF, ESCP, SEP, LMP, RAP and applicable guidelines. xxxi ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 10 Environmental and Social Monitoring plan For the successful implementation of the project ESMP, it is mandatory to undertake periodic monitoring of the project activities to assess the project compliance to environmental and social parameters/indicators and ensure corrective actions are taken. Table 3 shows the monitoring parameters, time and locations, methods, responsibility and cost. xxxii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 3: Environmental Monitoring Plan Parameter/ Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency Cost Activity Implemented Supervised by estimate by (RfW) During Project Implementation Stone/Sand At borrow Ecological ( Biophysical) inspection of the Weekly Contractor Consultant/ 2,500,000 Collection pits/quarries sites/ sites before extraction activities of the Environmental rivers stone/sand start Specialist Sediment Any place in river or Laboratory analysis for metals (lead, cadmium, Before sand Contractor at Consultant/ 3,000,000 quality for stream for extraction chromium, copper, manganese, mercury and extraction recognized Environmental heavy metals of construction zinc) and oil/grease national Specialist material (sand) laboratory Soil Construction sites, Visual inspection at filling area that no Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A pollution Campsites, Material effluent/spills to soil/land/agricultural lands Environmental storage sites; Water Specialist drainage channel; Stability of Cut, Filled, Visual inspection of erosion prevention Monthly District N/A slopes Embankment sites; measures, Retaining walls, Compacted area; Engineer Hydrocarbon At campsite, yards Visual inspection at storage facilities Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A and Environmental Chemical Specialist storage Traffic Construction sites, Visual inspection of traffic signs/ flags persons Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A Safety Access roads, placed/used for traffic management; Environmental Pedestrian walkways, Specialist Air Quality Construction and Visual inspection to ensure dust suppression Daily/ Contractor Consultant/ N/A (dust, smoke) extraction sites/ measures (e.g., spraying of waters) are in Monthly Environmental Material storage sites; place, equipment/machinery in use are in good Specialist standard/ condition; Sensitive receptors Continuous monitoring using appropriate Quarterly Contractor Consultant/ 3,000,000 (homesteads, schools, instruments and analyzers ( for particulate Environmental health centre, church, matter, Carbon dioxide, Sulphur, Nitrogen Specialist local administrative oxides) offices,…) along the xxxiii ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Parameter/ Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency Cost Activity Implemented Supervised by estimate by (RfW) road corridor; Noise Construction and Noise measurement (Noise levels on dB); Weekly Contractor Consultant/ 2,500,000 extraction sites; Work restriction between 6:00 a.m.-17:00 p.m. Environmental close to sensitive sites; Specialist Surface Sebeya River and Lake Water sampling and analysis (Turbidity, pH, Quarterly Contractor at Consultant/ 25,000,000 Water Kivu (at drainage Electrical Conductivity (EC), Biological recognized Environmental Quality and outlets). For Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen laboratory Specialist Groundwater groundwater samples Demand (COD), Chloride, Copper, Zinc, quality will be collected at Cadmium, Lead, Grease and Oil, and Fecal tube-well installation coliforms) (for workers camp), Water-wells (for contractor) for drinking; Tree- Cleared/tree cut sites, Visual inspection for planted trees and taking Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A planting/ Water drainage slopes, care of them; Environmental revegetation Specialist Biodiversity Natural sensitive sites: Sites monitoring in terms of biodiversity taxa; Once the Biodiversity Consultant/ 2,000,000 Sebeya river, Lake proposed consulting Environmental Kivu roads firm Specialist construction is approved; Waste Construction and Visual inspection that solid waste is properly Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A management extraction sites, camp disposed at construction and camp sites Environmental sites Specialist Drinking Construction and Visual inspection that workers are provided Daily Contractor Consultant/ N/A water and extraction sites, with clean water and sanitation facilities (e.g., Environmental sanitation campsites, Laboratory, toilet paper, hand sanitizer,…); Specialist Restoration Work/ Cleared sites Visual inspection of restored sites (e.g. by tree After Contractor District N/A of work sites planting, filling of open borrow pits); completion Engineer; of works Consultant/ Environmental Specialist xxxiv ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Parameter/ Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency Cost Activity Implemented Supervised by estimate by (RfW) Safety of At work sites Inspection of use of Personal protective Monthly Contractor Environmental 2,000,000 workers equipment (PPEs) and implementation of and Social Monitoring Occupational Health and Safety to workers; Specialist and reporting accidents Grievances Buhuru-Byahi- Number of grievances registered and addressed Monthly Protection Environmental N/A (environment Rugerero Project area implementatio Social al issues) n Unit (PIU) Specialist Stability of Slope sites, Visual inspection of erosion control Monthly RUDP II Protection N/A protection Resettlement sites implementatio works n Unit (PIU) Total 40,000,000 xxxv ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project background Road infrastructure development is one of the prerequisites for socio-economic development all over the world. In fact, an efficient road transport infrastructure facilitates trade, tourism, agriculture, health, education, and other sectors of the economy. The benefits from efficient road transport are felt at all levels of the society, directly or indirectly through easy access of people to road network, basic services such as schools, health centres, cultural and recreational sites administrative offices, as well as improved delivery of merchandise and commodities to market. The Government of Rwanda is implementing the Second Urban Development Project with financial support of the World Bank. The civil works in the six secondary cities of Phase one were completed in 2018, that of Phase two are going on, while Phase three is under design stage. The current project aims to improve access to sustainable infrastructure and services and strengthen urban management and resilience in low income areas of Rubavu City, where the project activities will comprise of two roads, two standalones and four (4) rainwater ponds/lagoons (Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2 and Table 2-1). The project roads are: (1) Rugerero-Buhuru asphalt road (5.7 km) to be developed in Rugerero and Rubavu sectors and, (2) Byahi settlement roads (4.4 km) in Gabiro and Dufatanye villages of the Buhaza cell in Rubavu sector (Table 2-1, Figure 2-1 and 2-2). Along with the above project roads, side drains and culvert exits will be installed to ensure the proper drainage of the area. Standalones include: Rugerero standalone drain (0.8 km) with outlet to Sebeya River after crossing the NR2 at Rugerero junction; Byahi standalone drain (0.61 km) with outfalls to Buhuru centre-Umuganda Stadium road. To ensure proper collection and management of roads surface rainwater, four ponds/lagoons will be installed along with Rugerero-Buhuru road, one nearby Rugerero Centre (old quarry), another at Rugerero-Buhuru road junction to Rubavu Sector office in Kibaya administrative village; another at Karukogo village centre in Karukogo administrative village, another at the foot of Rubavu hill in Ngugu administrative village. This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is prepared as a requirement of the Article 30 of Rwanda Environmental Law No. 48/2018, the Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 and the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards on Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks (ESS1). 1 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City The World Bank Environmental and Social Framework is not new to the project proponents. RUDP II builds on the work done in RUDP I, whose sub-projects involved Rubavu District, LODA and the Government of Rwanda (GoR). The lessons learnt and experience from RUDP I will be integrated into future best practice for RUDP II Phase 3. Moreover, trainings on the WB ESF will be provided to the project proponents (key project staff from Rubavu District, Contractor and Consultant) to get familiar with the RUDP II Framework. As specified in the RUDP II ESMF, the Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards requires the Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts (ESS1). To this end an Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for RUDP II Phase 3 is prepared to describe the project baseline conditions\, assess the impacts, propose mitigation measures and develop an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). This will allow the project to comply with local and national EIA regulations and the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards applicable to the Project. The preparation of this ESIA ensured the effective environmental and social management, including involuntary resettlement (ESS4). Moreover, this ESIA will set up a proper monitoring and recording of impacts during project construction and will ensure that the Rubavu District is prepared for avoiding and preventing unnecessary impacts of the project. In carrying out this assignment, the Consultant took into consideration the nature of the proposed project development as well as the Environmental, Health and Safety and waste management regulations of Rwanda. In addition, the project has followed the application of the World Bank Environmental and Social Management Framework and its 8 Environmental and Social Standards relevant to RUDP II as agreed in the legal agreement with the government of Rwanda. 1.2 ESIA Objectives and Scope The aim of this ESIA is to provide decision making information on environmental and social consequences of the proposed roads, standalones and ponds construction in the Rubavu City and, contribute to sustainable urban development through the identification of enhancement measures to positive impacts and mitigation measures to adverse impacts. Specifically, the main objective is to develop an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for construction of roads with associate drains, standalones and ponds civil works for RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City. 1 2 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City This ESIA was conducted based on Terms of Reference by the client (LODA) and Rwanda Development Board (RDB), REMA guidelines for EIA and views and concerns from the key stakeholders (Rubavu District and potential affected people). Special attention was paid to ensure the EIA comply with World Bank Environmental and Social Standards. Figure 1-1 shows steps involved in the preparation of the EIA for this project. As defined in the ToRs provided by LODA the ESIA aims to: i. Identify potential adverse environmental and social impacts of the investment sub-projects and propose measures for eliminating, minimizing, offset or compensate them; must apply the mitigation hierarchy as described in the ESS1, ESS2, ESS3, ESS4, ESS5, ESS6, ESS8 and ESS10. ii. Apply the ESMF, SEP, RPF, ESCP measures and protocols as agreed and approved by the Bank in the appraisal of the project. iii. Analyze, interpret, and communicate information to decision making and local community about the impacts of the proposed project before decision for implementation is made; iv. Ensure the planning, evaluation and implementation of investment projects comply with National environmental and social legal framework as well as World Bank Environmental and Social Standards; v. Generate baseline data for monitoring, auditing and evaluation of how well mitigation measures were implemented during project implementation phases; include a monitoring plan as part of the ESMP. vi. Define safe mechanism for stakeholders to participate in project supervision or implementation (need to comply with ESS4 and ESS10) activities so as to stimulate sense of ownership of the project among local community; vii. Conduct public consultations involving project affected people, beneficiaries, local leaders in affected and neighboring communities to ensure their views and concerns about proposed investment projects are shared and considered as agreed in the SEP and the ESMF approved by the project; viii. Evaluate various alternatives to the project (when possible) because all works have been requested by the communities and district - the alternatives will be on locations but in technical solutions to the issues. 1 3 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ix. Prepare an ESIA report in accordance with National general guidelines and procedures for EIA and relevant World Bank Environmental and Social Standards and the approved ESMF, SEP, ESCP, RPF and other disclosed documents for the project by the Bank by appraisal of the project. The ESIA is carried out in compliance with: i) Government of Rwanda’s Law on Environment N°48/2018 of 13/08/2018 alongside Ministerial Order establishing the list of projects that must undergo EIA, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct EIA and other national guidelines, ii) Labor, Health, Safety, waste management and pollution regulations; iii) World Bank Environmental and Social Standards. 1.3 Objective of the Project The project aims to improve access to sustainable infrastructure and services and strengthen urban management and resilience in low income areas of Rubavu City. The project will construct asphalt roads (11.14 km) and drains (1.39 km) in Rubavu City to ensure their operational condition and facilitate the socio-economic and cultural development and improve living standard of people. The specific objectives of the project include:  To construct and manage the asphalt roads (11.14 km) and drains (1.39 km) in Rubavu City;  To contribute to the socio-economic and transport development by creation of jobs and income generating activities (operation of taxi services, establishment of shops, restaurants, construction of modern residential houses, …) along the roads;  To significantly reduce the cost and facilitate easy access to livelihood assets and potential markets, health centres, schools, churches... of the Rubavu City. 1.4 ESIA Content and Structure The ESIA report integrates the project impacts, mitigation measures, management and monitoring plans. It tackles the environmental and social concerns and provides the practical advice on the mitigation of any potentially adverse social and environmental impacts of the project. The report highly considered comments, issues, views and concerns from the different project stakeholders. This report has /or is arranged in the following sections: 1 4 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Chapter 1: Introduction  Chapter 2: Description of the Project  Chapter 3: Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework  Chapter 4: Approach and Methodology  Chapter 5: Environmental and Socio-economic Baseline  Chapter 6: Analysis of Alternatives  Chapter 7: Environmental and Social Impact Identification and Management  Chapter 8: Public Consultation  Chapter 9: Grievance Redress Mechanisms  Chapter 10: Environmental and Social clauses for Contractors  Chapter 11: Conclusion  References  Annexes 1 5 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The Government of Rwanda is implementing the RUDP II with financing from the World Bank through the Local Administrative Development Entities Authority (LODA) under the Ministry of Infrastructure. The main objective of the Second Rwanda Urban Development Programme (RUDP II) is to provide basic infrastructure through strategic identification, selection, and implementation of the identified investments in Rubavu City. This also aims at promoting inclusive Rubavu District through effective approaches to upgrading of unplanned settlements in addition to supporting the District to create enabling environments for local economic and social development. A number of investments programmes were identified in Rubavu City through a study conducted in 2016 namely the Feasibility Study and Preliminary Engineering Design of Rubavu City-RUDP Phase 1. Some of selected projects were already under way in the project cities. The Rubavu District Officials have since implemented the Phase 1 projects and proceeded to identify current investment priorities for implementation under RUDP II Phase 3 such as construction of asphalt roads, drains, standalones and rainwater ponds/ lagoons. 2.1 Project Justification The Rubavu City constitutes an important hub for the country socio-economy and tourist with high potential of commerce and infrastructural development. However, some informal settlements (such as Buhuru/Byahi) are connected to sub-standard roads that poorly facilitate transportation of goods and services. It is in this regard that the Rubavu District has proposed to upgrade the roads to bitumen standards with associated drains and rainwater ponds/lagoons in order to facilitate urban household’s access to livelihood, social, recreational, cultural and tourist assets in the Rubavu City. The construction of the proposed roads will make them more operational by responding to existing poor transport services. It is anticipated that the project will have very limited impacts on the land, water, animal, plant, humans as it will be passing on existing right-of-way. However, in case some activities will interfere with properties of local residents, and compensation measures will be considered. 2.2 Project Development Objective The project aims to improve access to sustainable infrastructure and services and strengthen urban management and resilience in low income areas of Rubavu City. The construction of the roads, drains, standalones and rainwater ponds/ lagoons will reduce constraints in transport, commerce and 1 6 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City health sectors within the urban and semi-urban areas of the Rubavu City (in Rubavu and Rugerero Sectors) and will facilitate socio-economic development opportunities. The roads will increase easy accessibility to markets (e.g. Byahi commercial centre), education institutions (e.g. UTB University), churches (e.g. EAR, ADEPR, SDA churches), medical centres (e.g. Byahi health centre and Ndengera VTC), administrative offices (e.g. Rubavu and Rugerero sector offices) and other facilities that would in turn boast the living standards of the community along the project lines and the country’s economy at large. Drains and lagoons aims at collecting rainwater from the road surface (and paved areas nearby the road) by avoiding unplanned flooding that cause water borne diseases, destroy crops and properties (dampness of houses) of community around them. 2.3 Project scope The proposed project roads, drains and ponds/lagoons construction will be developed within the semi-urban areas of the Rubavu City in Rubavu and Rugerero administrative Sectors. The road Rugerero-Buhuru centre (5.81km) starts from Rugerero junction and stretches to Buhuru commercial centre, while the Byahi settlement roads (5.59km) extend from Byahi health centre to Buhaza Cell in Rubavu Sector. Along with the project roads, the project will also construct two drains with a length of 1.39 km and four storm water lagoons (Table 2-1, Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2). The project investment cost is 10,824,000,000 RwF, equivalent to 11,018,357.47 USD as per May 10, 20212 exchange rate. Table 2- 1: Roads, standalones, ponds/ lagoons covered by RUDP II in the Rubavu City Name Length (km) Width (m) Byahi 1 0.35 11 Byahi 2 1 11 Byahi 3 0.5 10 Byahi 4 0.16 10 Byahi 5 0.16 10 Byahi 6 0.11 10 Byahi 7 0.12 10 Byahi 8 0.22 10 Byahi 9 0.2 10 Byahi 10 0.16 10 Byahi 11 0.2 10 2 https://www.bnr.rw/currency/exchange- rate/?tx_bnrcurrencymanager_master%5Baction%5D=list&tx_bnrcurrencymanager_master%5Bcontroller%5D=Curre ncy&cHash=4fb7571d4be4cafcb4dc2859ca4996ea 1 7 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Name Length (km) Width (m) Byahi 12 1.1 10 Byahi 13 0.13 10 Byahi 14 0.11 10 Byahi 15 0.13 10 Byahi 16 0.14 10 Byahi 17 0.14 10 Byahi 18 0.17 10 Byahi 19 0.17 10 Byahi 20 0.06 10 Rugerero - Buhuru Rd 5.81 14 Total 11.14 km Rubavu Road Projects Name Length (km) Width (M) Drain 1 1.20 1.5 Drain 2 0.20 1.5 Total 1.39 Source: Consultant, 2020 1 8 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Location of the RUDP II Phase 3 in the Rubavu City (Rugerero-Byahi road) Figure 2- 1: Source: Consultant, 2020 1 9 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 2- 2: Byahi Sub-projects Source: Consultant, 2020 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 2.4 Roads, Standalones and Ponds/Lagoons Geometric Design and components As discussed in the above section, the project intends to upgrade two roads, two standalones and four ponds/lagoons for management of urban and semi-urban settlement in the Rubavu City. The major road cross-section elements include the roadway, bus bays/bus-stops, curbs, greening space, street lighting, non-motorized transport (NMT) facilities (sidewalks and cycle lanes), drainage facilities, cut/embankment slopes, and space for utility services, depending on available right-of- way. 2.4.1 Road cross section options The following typical street cross sections options have been considered based on available right-of way and associated expropriation costs: ● Option 1 (Figure 2-3): Two-way roadway street with cycle lane on one side, walkway on both sides, side drains on both sides with covered slabs acting as walkway, street lighting and provisions for utility services (1 meter on each side); right-of-way width 13.80m. Figure 2- 3: Typical Street Cross Section Option 1 (width 13.80 m) Source: LODA, 2020 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ● Option 2 (Figure 2-4): Two-way roadway street with cycle lane on one side, walkway on both sides, side drains on both sides with covered slabs acting as walkways, street lighting and provisions for utility services (1 meter on each side); right-of-way width 14.00m. Figure 2- 4: Typical Street Cross Section Option 2 (width 14.00m) Source: LODA, 2020 ● Option 3 (Figure 2-5): Two-way roadway street, walkways on both sides, side drain on one side with covered slabs (also acting as walkway), street lighting and provisions for utility services (1 meter on each side); right-of-way width 11.20m. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 2- 5: Typical Street Cross Section Option 3 (width 11.20m) Source: LODA, 2020 The evaluation and recommendations of the four cross-section options are summarized in the project alternative chapter. 2.4.2 Cross drainage structure Drainage system was proposed to remove water from the road surface and its surrounding. The proposed typical cross section of road side covering storm water drain is shown in Figure 2-6 and 2-7. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 2- 6: Typical cross section of drain with Rectangular or Trapezoidal masonry Source: LODA, 2020 Figure 2- 7: Typical cross section of drain with cover slab (a), without cover slab (b) Source: LODA, 2020 2.4.3 Lagoons Four lagoons were proposed around Rugerero-Buhuru at points where there was any alternative drainage way out. Lagoons will be designed with the required capacity to retain and infiltrate the storm water from the road catchment. The pond will increase the groundwater recharge and reduce the storm water runoff and erosion inconveniences (flood, damage to infrastructures and high maintenance cost of drains). The ponds will be designed with sediment and trash traps and protection fence. Special attention will be paid to the proper pond management and greening to keep it aesthetic 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City and its water quality good. Plate 5-1 shows a typical lagoon designed to collect the storm water runoff from the road. Plate 2- 1: Typical roadside storm water retention pond Source: https://roads.maryland.gov/mdotsha/pages/Index.aspx?pageid=119, 2020 2.4.4 Recommendations of the road cross-section options 2.4.4.1 Road width Considering safety and comfort of drivers, the Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) recommends lane width of between 2.7 to 3.6m (APWA, 2011). Based on consultations with the Client, RTDA and the World Bank, the desirable standard roadway width in Rwanda is 7.0m (lane widths 3.5m), however; the standard roadway width was reduced to 6.0m (lane widths 3.0m) where available right-of way was inadequate and the cost and environmental and social impacts of expropriations for additional right-of-way were high. Although some road 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City alignment (e.g. Byahi road settlement at the foot of Rubavu hill) passes through an area with informal settlement where standard roadway widths are not feasible, the proposed road width options (6.0m, with lane width of 3.0m) fit with urbanized area. The road width shall enable movement of vehicles and pedestrians using road sidewalks. Roads and their reserves within dense informal settlements are used for:  Accessibility, and especially for service vehicles such as ambulances and fire extinguishers;  Opening up the settlements for greater investments;  Early morning and evening open air market informal businesses;  Social meeting places, especially where there is no open spaces;  Collection points for garbage/refuse;  Petty light industrial activities;  Temporary commercial cooking and eating spaces;  Playgrounds or open spaces for children;  Courtship, especially at night; amongst many others. In future, therefore, such roads need to be wider and could be implemented in phases and on an incremental approach, funds allowing. 2.4.5.2 Cross slope Based on AASHTO guidelines and considering the high rainfall intensities in the project area, a typical unidirectional cross slope of 2.5% was provided across the entire standard width of the roadway to facilitate drainage from the pavement surface to the side drains. A typical cross slope of 1.5% was adopted for one-way local urban access roads in the informal settlements. Higher rates of cross slopes were avoided as intermittent impacts of cross winds prevalent in the hilly terrain of the project area on vehicles moving along the roads may affect the steering of the vehicles. 2.4.5.3 Curbs Curbs are provided for purpose of optimizing utilization of available right-of-way width, delineation of the roadway, walkways and cycle lanes, aesthetics, control of drainage, and reduction of maintenance operations. Three types of curbs will be applied as follows:  Barrier curbs/vertical curbs shall be provided at limits of roadways and cycle lanes to provide barrier preventing encroachment of vehicles or cycles into pedestrian walkways. ● Mountable curbs/sloping curbs, with sloping faces and reduced heights that allow vehicles 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City to encroach on them without discomfort or damage to tires and wheels, shall be placed at depressed portions on driveway locations. ● Combined curb and gutter consisting of barrier curb with an apron or gutter section attached provided to facilitate drainage. The curbs shall be made of precast concrete units manufactured locally. The curbs adjacent to the travelled way shall be offset by 0.3m with road marking. Reflectorized paints shall be applied to curbs along roadway to enhance their visibility and improve road safety. Periodic maintenance by cleaning or repainting will be required to keep the reflectorized curbs effective. 2.4.5.4 Greening Space Green spaces on the road reserve help to beautify the streets, contribute to a clean, greener local environment and help to address issues relating to climate change. As is the present practice with most streets in Rwandan cities, a combination of turf and trees shall be established on the green spaces, with due regard to required sight distances. 2.4.5.5 Non-Motorized Transports (NMT) Facilities The none-motorized transport (NMT) facilities include sidewalks and crosswalks for pedestrian access and cycle lanes, provided along the roadway, either on both sides or only on one side of the roadway depending on available width of right-of-way. The NMT facilities are separated from the roadway with curbs and raised greening spaces of width of 0.6m, to allow for maintenance activities. 2.4.5.6 Pedestrian Sidewalks The sidewalks cover restricted border widths of the right-of-way, typically 1.3m, and were provided along adjoining commercial developments, multiple-residential complexes, schools and other pedestrian generators, where there are potential vehicle- pedestrian conflicts. The Sidewalks are to be paved with all-weather surfaces comprising of concrete paving blocks to ensure their intended use. Without all-weather surfaces, pedestrians may choose to use the roadway and increase vehicle- pedestrian conflicts. Sidewalk curb ramps of width 1.5 m are to be provided at strategic locations to accommodate persons with disabilities. 2.4.5.7 Pedestrian Crossings Pedestrian crossings were provided at strategic regular locations across the streets. Formal crossings include: 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ● Zebra crossings; ● Light controlled crossings. Majority of pedestrians crossing the road do so near intersections and three out of four use formal crossings point where they are available (O’Flaherty, 2005). Factors considered in provision of pedestrian crosswalks included safety, conflicts and policy objectives. The conflict approach is based on the PV2 where P=pedestrian flow (ped/hr) centered at the crossing location while V=number of vehicles on the road in both directions. A formal crossing was justified if the PV2 > 108 (O’Flaherty, 2005). For pedestrian crossing at junctions controlled by traffic-lights, the design should provide enough vehicle-holding time (red light time) to enable the pedestrian to cross the road before a vehicle enters the vicinity of the crossing point. In this context, an average walking speed at free flow was assumed at 1.6m/sec for normal pedestrians and at 0.5m/sec for pedestrians with disabilities. 2.4.5.8 Drainage System Drainage in built up urban or semi-urban areas is important because of rapid rates and large volumes of runoff and costly potential damage to adjacent property by flooding. Surface flow from adjacent tributary areas will be intercepted by the roads, collected within the roadway by curbs, gutters, culverts and channels, and conveyed through exit/outfall drains to the natural drainage system. Careful attention needs for adequate drainage and protection of the roadway from floods in all phases of location and design reduces costs in both construction and maintenance. 2.4.5.9 Cut/Embankment Slopes – Erosion Control The design of road will include considerations for preservation of natural ground cover and desirable growth of shrubs and trees within the road corridor, seeding mulching, sodding, or other acceptable measures of covering slopes and other erodible areas will be incorporate in the roads design. 2.4.5.10 Utility Space Street improvements, whether upgraded within the existing right-of-way or entirely on new right- of-way, generally entail adjustment of utility facilities. The utilities involved included: (1) WASAC’s water supply lines; (2) overhead power cables; (3) underground communications lines including fiber optic cables for various communication companies; and (4) underground service ducts for building connections. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City In designing utility provisions, full consideration was given to measures needed to preserve and protect the integrity and visual quality of the streets, its maintenance efficiency, and the safety of traffic. The desirable locations selected for the underground utilities, and appurtenances to the underground installations, such as vents, drains, markers, manholes, and shutoffs, were near the right-of-way line, behind the sidewalk, cycle lane or side drain, so as not to interfere with the safety or maintenance of the streets. However, existing development and limited right of- way widths in some streets precluded location of some or all utility facilities as desired outside the roadway of the streets. The greening spaces separating the roadway and the NMT facilities were reserved for overhead power lines/ communication lines. 2.4.5.11 Bus Stops Bus stops are a critical component of the transit system. On a single round trip a bus rider will typically use at least four different bus stops for boarding and alighting, and being able to get to a bus stop easily and wait for the bus in a comfortable environment are significant aspects of every transit customer’s experience. The main considerations made in design of the bus stops included: ● Space availability. ● Convenient locations including concentrations of residences or workplaces and major destinations such as social services (schools, health facilities, etc.), shopping destinations. ● Safety and comfort of people boarding, alighting, and waiting for the bus. Far-side stops (after the intersection) were preferred since this would encourage pedestrians to cross behind the bus and not in front of it. The bus stop design included provision of necessary amenities including shelters with benches for waiting riders to sit away from other pedestrian flow and street traffic, adequate lighting, motorcycle parking facilities and trash cans. ● Visible and easily identifiable locations for both bus riders to easily find them and drivers to clearly see whether there are waiting passengers. ● Good pedestrian access to the surrounding area, especially to the other side of the street, including well-defined and contiguous pathways to and from the stop, as well as crosswalks. ● Accessibility and facilities for persons with disability. ● Integration with other road design elements. Location of Bus stops 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City The decision on locations of bust stops involved consultations with Rubavu City stakeholders, the transit users (the public) and bus service provider groups for their local knowledge, input and feedback on recommendations made by the Consultant, which were incorporated into the designs. The outreach included transit users and service providers whose experience would be directly affected and also the surrounding communities which will be impacted. Typical concerns from public included walking distance to stops and the impact on direct abutters. While universal consensus on exact locations was rare, the Consultant attempted to balance the conflicting interests, resulting to general acceptance of the final designs by all the stakeholders and the community. Determining the proper location of bus stops involved choosing between near-side, far-side and mid-block stops, defined as follows and as illustrated in Figure 2-8. Figure 2- 8: Options for locations of bus stops Source: LODA, 2019 Near-side bus stops are located before an intersection, allowing passengers to load and unload while the vehicle is stopped at a red light or stop sign. Far-side bus stops are located after an intersection, allowing the bus to travel through the intersection before stopping to load and unload passengers. Mid-block bus stops are located between intersections, 300 feet (90m) or more beyond or before an intersection. The decision of bus stop location involved the following sequence: ● Step 1: Stops at major generators: the first consideration for possible locations for stops were those adjacent major trip generators including high density residential units, public institutions (schools, hospitals, etc.), office buildings, commercial centres,etc. ● Step 2: Stops at transfer points: the next consideration for possible locations for stops was at intersections to facilitate transfers for riders connecting to different routes. Hassle- free transfers are an important element of a successful transit system. The maximum walking distance between two bus stops serving connecting routes should be no more than 300 feet (90m) ● Step 3: stops at signalized intersections: the next set of stops was stops at signalized 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City intersections. The far-side bus stops would be convenient for buses to use the gaps in the stream of traffic created by the signal to pick up and discharge passengers and to reenter traffic. ● Step 4: intermediate stops: Once possible stops were identified at transfer points, major generators and signalized intersections, additional stops were added to complete the set of stops for the route or street. The additional stops for areas of low to moderate passenger demand in the project areas were established by applying standard bus stop spacing criteria. A standard in the transit industry suggests that most riders would not want to walk farther than one quarter-mile (400m) to a bus stop. Generally, bus stops were located after (far-side of) intersections to facilitate bus and traffic operations. Where far-side stops were impractical due to factors such as land use (e.g. conflict with commercial developments), bus routing, and other factors, the use of near-side bus stop was considered. Streets with long distances between intersecting streets required mid-block stops. 2.4.5 Road Pavement Design A pavement design of 20 years for new construction works was adopted. Pavement structure design was based on the traffic loading from the traffic survey analysis and existing site conditions established from geotechnical investigations. Based on the geotechnical investigation of the alignment soils, the California Bearing Ration (CBR) values indicated that the existing subgrade was predominantly class S1 with slight elements of class S2. The following factors were adopted in pavement design; ● Traffic class adopted in the design is T4; ● Subgrade class designed is S3; ● Improved subgrade; With regard to the above classifications and availability of materials, the recommended road pavement structure comprises of: ● A wearing Surface-50mm of AC type 1; ● A base-150mm of Graded Crushed Stone (GCS); ● A subbase-200mm of Neat Gravel; ● A subgrade-300mm Improved subgrade. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 2.5 Description of project activities The project work is scheduled to complete in four phases comprising design, construction, operation, and decommissioning phases. In these project phases, the main activities will include detailed roads and lagoons designs, construction, operation /maintenance of road and footpaths and decommissioning. During the detailed designs, a number of studies were carried out including the geo-technical surveys, RAP/ARAP and the EIA to inform/ improve the design process. Construction of the proposed sub-project roads and lagoons will involve various activities including site clearing, transport of construction materials, earth works, pavement, curbs, shoulders and lateral drainage works, construction of culverts, development of quarries, borrow pits, stockpiles and disposal sites. Once project activities come to an end, there is need to systematically decommission of the civil works by implementing a comprehensive rehabilitation program. 2.5.1 Pre- construction phase 2.5.1.1 Land and property acquisition Land and property acquisition will be also acquired to accommodate the project works (e.g. roads widening and creation of diversion road, campsites and lagoons). 2.5.1.2 Transport of material to sites Construction materials sourced outside of the study area will be transported to the sites by roads. The existing roads, secondary and farm roads will be utilized as a means of delivering these materials. 2.5.1.3 Establishment of construction camp sites/yards The roads project will require yards for storage of machinery and equipment, processing and storage of materials. This will involve clearing of the vegetation, fencing of camps and the construction of houses, workshops, store-rooms and vehicle parking areas. Camps should be provided with water supply, sanitary facilities and electricity. Additional construction sites such as separate construction sites may be established for the larger concrete structures required, i.e. culverts. These sites might have a stockpiling area for sand, stone, reinforcing steel and cement as well as a batching plant to mix concrete. Prior to the establishment of the construction campsites, the contractor will prepare a plan for the management and rehabilitation of the campsites. The plan shall be approved by the consultant, Rubavu District and LODA. The following parameters will be considered prior to establishment of camp sites: 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  The camp sites of the works will be small and mobile since the contractor will move from area to another. The materials to be used for camp areas could be trailers cargos, modular type or other materials that can ensure, health and safety. No informal-shacky camp areas will be accepted by the supervision (see example below observed in Rwanda construction site); Plate 2- 2: Typical Mobile Campsites to be used in the RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City  The contractor’s storage and camp area will not include accommodations for sleeping or living, since the majority of workers are local communities. These storage and camp areas – are small and main purpose is to offer, storage areas for materials, latrines and cleaning areas for workers, among others;  contractor will provide a plan detailing the layout of site facilities such as temporal pit latrines, portable toilets, and areas for stockpiling of materials, storage of hazardous materials and provision of containers;  Only day shifts work will be allowed;  Stockpiles for concrete materials will comprise side-restrained triangular bin-type structures. Bund walls (oil-tank casing) will be constructed. High quality materials with low dust generating characteristics will be used;  Fuel and gas will be stored in a secure area in a steel tank supplied and maintained by the 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City fuel suppliers. Fuel storage will generally occur in workshop areas of site camps, which is generally fenced and paved. A mobile tanker will be used to refuel vehicles on- sites;  Workshops will be equipped with grease traps in the drainage collection system. Used oil will be collected in drums from these traps and disposed of in approved sites;  Camps domestic wastes will be collected in drums and removed to the nearest waste site for disposal;  Suitable washing facilities and sanitary arrangements at site offices, workshops and construction sites will be provided. Sanitary facilities for the site camps will comprise of temporal pit latrines or portable latrines;  Water for human consumption will be available at the campsite and site offices and at other convenient locations; 2.5.2 Construction phase The construction works will involve various activities including site clearing, deployment of heavy machinery, transport of construction materials, earth works like cutting and embankments, pavement, shoulders and lateral drainage works, construction of culverts and drains. Other major activities include: development of quarries and borrow pits, operation of earth works like stockpiles and spoil sites and disposal areas. 2.5.2.1 Borrow pit establishment Existing borrow pits along the route will be used if any. New borrow pits (e.g. stone, gravel exploitation) may have to be established where existing borrow pit material is not suitable or enough. The establishment of new borrow pits will require preparation of a plan (by the contractor) and approval (by the consultant, Rubavu District and LODA) for the management and rehabilitation of the borrow pits. 2.5.2.2 Sourcing and transportation of building materials The project will require various building materials for the construction of the sub-projects. Those materials include a large quantity of stones, gravel, sand, water, cement, quarry stone aggregates and lateritic soil, bricks, wood, steel-enforcements and plastics. Other materials and equipment that may be needed include paints, solvents, electronic gadgets, wire and ropes, diesel, petrol, oils and food items, vehicles, biological materials, gases, energy, soldering equipment and other minor inputs. Building materials should be sourced as near as possible project area to reduce negative impacts of 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City transportation of the materials to the project site through reduced distance of travel by the materials transport vehicles. 2.5.2.3 Storage of construction materials Construction materials will be stored on site. Bulky materials such stones, sand and steel should be carefully stored at contractor ‘s yard and protected from elements of weather to avoid wastage due to weather conditions like wind and rain. Petroleum products will also be stored at site. 2.5.2.3 Excavation, Foundation works and Earthworks The road and footpaths project will involve excavation of the existing road foundation so as to compact way for new development and excavation will also be done at material sites. Roads construction will require earthworks involving earth cuttings using bulldozers and back actors to remove the softer material, and drilling and blasting of rocks. 2.5.2.4 Masonry, concrete work and related activities The project activities will involve a lot of masonry work and related activities including: stone and crushing, mixing by use of both manual and mechanical means. These activities are known to be labor intensive and a source of air pollutants. 2.5.2.5 Landscaping To improve the aesthetic value or visual quality of the site once construction ceases, the contractor will be required to carry out landscaping. This will include establishment of roadside tree planting, backfilling and vegetating of disused quarry sites. 2.5.2.6 Wastes and Storm water management Wastes to be generated by the project include excavated earth materials, construction debris, a diversity of solid wastes and human excreta. Excavated earth materials and construction debris will be reused or recycled by the project as much as possible. The remaining will be used to fill local earthen roads potholes or disposed in a very well designated site. Human excreta to be generated by workers at campsites or other working places will be handled using temporal or portable pit latrines. Special attention should be paid to not dig them in areas with shallow groundwater or nearby rivers. 2.5.3 Operational phase During the operational phase the main project activities involve proper use and maintaining road and drainage infrastructures, with routine maintenance staff and budget. Waste bins and well operated 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City and maintained latrines shall be placed at strategic points like centres to keep sanitary the road sides all along their length. 2.5.4 Decommissioning phase 2.5.4.1 Demolition works After the usefulness life of the roads, drains and lagoons, they will be reconstructed or decommissioned. The project components including the roads, culverts, pavements, drainage systems, lagoons and parking areas will be demolished. 2.5.4.2 Dismantling of equipment and fixtures All road materials and equipment including electrical installations, furniture partitions and pipe- work among others will be dismantled and removed from the site on decommissioning of the camp site, the roads and other project components. Priority will be given to the reuse of these materials in other projects. This will be achieved through their resale to other contractors or donation of this equipment to schools, churches and charitable institutions, rehabilitation of feeder roads etc. 2.5.4.3 Site restoration Once all the wastes resulting from demolition and dismantling works are removed from the sites; the sites (demolition and disposal sites) will be restored through stabilization and replenishment of the topsoil and re-vegetation using indigenous plant species or developed according to the development trend of the time. 2.5.4.4 Construction materials and Energy used The main sources of energy that will be required for decommissioning of the project will include electricity and fossil fuels (especially diesel). Electricity will be used for welding, metal cutting/grinding and provision of light. Diesel will run heavy trucks, machinery such as bulldozers and concrete mixers. The proponent should intend to promote efficient use of materials and energy through proper planning to reduce economic and environmental costs of excavating new materials. 2.5.4.5 Solid waste generated Large amounts of solid waste will be generated during decommissioning of the project. These will include construction material debris, metal cuttings, rejected materials, surplus spoil, excavated materials, paper bags, empty cartons, empty paint and solvent containers among others. The developer is advised to take steps to minimize the generation of such waste and to ensure proper 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City disposal procedures or recycling of generated wastes. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 3. POLICY LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Introduction The Republic of Rwanda has developed policy and strategies; legal instruments and institutional framework for environmental protection and conservation. The environmental policies are prepared by the Ministry of Environment (MoE) and regulated and enforced by the Rwanda Environmental Development Authority (REMA), while the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is reviewed and cleared by Rwanda Development Board (RDB). The Law on Environment No. 48/2018 in its Article 30 guides on the projects that must undergo an environmental impact assessment before they obtain authorization for their implementation. The Law also specifies the main points that an Environmental Impact Assessment must include. All institutions, policies and laws that have bearing with this project are discussed in this chapter. 3.2 Institutional Framework In the juridical system of the Republic of Rwanda, the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure is regulated by the Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment. This list includes physical infrastructure projects such as roads, water pipelines, etc. Table 3-1 highlights all relevant institutions related to this project. It shows each institution, its objectives and is roles and responsibilities. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 3- 1: The roles and responsibilities of relevant Institutions Institution Objectives Roles and responsibility Ministry of The Mission of MININFRA is to MININFRA is responsible for: Infrastructure ensure the sustainable development  Ensuring that the construction civil works in RUDP (MININFRA) of infrastructure and contribute to II comply with the master plan related to road economic growth with a view to infrastructure and urbanism in Rubavu District; enhancing the quality of life of the  Supervising the roads and drainages development as population. per the Rubavu District Development Plan;  Coordinating Ministry for RUDP and representing the Government of Rwanda. Ministry of MINECOFIN has the mission of MINECOFIN is responsible for: Finance and raising sustainable growth,  Mobilizing necessary funds to fund Government Economic economic opportunities, and living projects including RUDP II Phase 3 works; Planning standards of all Rwandans and  Disbursing the funds according to priorities and (MINECOFIN) develop Rwanda into a country free importance of projects. of poverty. Rwanda The main objective of RTDA is to Under this project RTDA is responsible for: Transport implement Government policy on  Ensuring and checking that roads and drainage Development roads, railways, cable cars as well as construction under RUDP II Phase 3 works comply Agency road and waterways transport with its established standards and norms and road (RTDA) infrastructures; building code;  Managing and controlling the roads network, drainages and lagoons construction with a view of achieving road safety and maintenance in the Rubavu City at construction and operation and maintenance phases of the project. Rwanda REMA has the objective to promote REMA is responsible for: Environment and ensure the protection of the  Auditing all phases of RUDP I and RUDP II in the Management environment and sustainable Rubavu District; Authority management of natural resources  Auditing the project compliance with the laws on (REMA) through decentralized structures of environment during its preparation and governance and seek national implementation phases. position to emerging global issues with a view to enhancing the well- being of the Rwandan people. Rwanda The main objective of RDB is to RDB is responsible for: Development transform Rwanda into a dynamic  Reviewing and approving the Terms of References for Board (RDB) global hub for business, investment, the ESIA RUDP II Phase 3; and innovation. It aims at fast  Reviewing and approving the submitted ESIA; tracking economic development in  Issuing the ESIA certificate for the RUDP II Phase 3 - Rwanda by enabling private sector Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu growth and infrastructure Secondary City. development promotion to enhance Rwanda to be a better touristic hub. Local The Local Administrative Entities LODA is responsible for: administrative Development Agency (LODA)  For the overall supervision for implementation of Entities mission is to contribute to the RUDP II under the ESF instruments agreed for the Development capacity building of the population project : ESMF, SEP, ESCP, LMP, RPF; 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Institution Objectives Roles and responsibility Agency and decentralized entities by  Providing support to the Secondary cities in their (LODA) outsourcing funding to finance the responsibilities with the ESMF socio-economic  Reporting, training, doing supervision visits development of decentralized  Coordinating and monitoring of performance of entities and reduction of extreme implementation of the respective sub-projects, risk poverty in Rwanda. management, monitoring & evaluation  Disclosing information, developing and putting in place performance agreements, and developing and implementing the communication strategy for the Second Urban Development Project. Rwanda Water Its role is to ensuring the availability RWB is responsible for: Resources of enough and well managed water  Ensuring sustainable use and protection of water Board (RWB) resources for sustainable resources in the project area development Rwanda The Traffic Police Department is  The Traffic Police Department is responsible for National dedicated to ensure that road ensuring road safety and protecting the road way and Police (RNP) accidents are prevented or its users and educating the citizens about the traffic maximally minimized. laws.  Contractors will work closely with Traffic Police during construction on issues related to traffic management.  LODA, the district and the supervision team are responsible to ensure road safety to prevent future accidents as the ones that have occurred in RUDP I Rubavu The Rubavu District has the The Rubavu District is responsible for: District objective of implementing  Selecting and contracting contractors for infrastructure projects especially implementation of the project; roads and drainage facilities to  Responsible to ensure implementation of all ESF facilitate transport for businesses and instruments approved by the project ESMF, SEP, services. ESCP, LMP, RPF  Ensuring the implementation of the project in Rubavu City complies with laws, policies, related to environment, social, health and safety requirements and programmes relating to protection, conservation and promotion of the environment;  Reporting any case of noncompliance related to environmental laws and policies. Grievance The GRC will ensure that The GRC will ensure that Redress complaints and grievances are  Record, categorize and prioritize the grievances; Committee addressed in good faith and through  Settle the grievances via consultation with all (GRC) a transparent and impartial process, stakeholders (and inform those stakeholders of the but one which is culturally solutions) acceptable.  Forward any unresolved cases to the relevant authority. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Institution Objectives Roles and responsibility Local Communities have to be involved Communities are responsible for: community in project  Lease the land in the project right of way; and identification, planning and  Providing information during census and surveys; community operation, as a matter of policy.  Participating in the grievance redress committees; verifiers  Checking, keeping track and reporting of any project related issue to the communities, including those related to GRM or GBV;  Participating in the construction during implementation as labor and protection of the infrastructure after completion maintaining the road and drainages. 3.3 Policy Framework The National Policies, Plan and Strategies relevant to this project are summarized in Table 3-2 Table 3- 2: National Policies, Plan and Strategies Policy, Plan, Objective Relevance Strategy Good Governance/Cross Cutting Rwanda To build a nation in which pressure on During the project implementation, the Vision 2020, natural resources, particularly on land, contractor and local communities will be revised water, biomass and biodiversity, has sensitized to efficiently manage natural 2012 significantly been reduced and the resources and environment; process of environmental pollution and degradation has been reversed; National The NST1 picks up from where the This project is in line with the NST1 as it Strategy for Economic Development and Poverty will transform the human development by Transformati Reduction Strategy (EDPRS 2) left off, giving jobs and improving roads, drains on (NST1, and continues in an effort to accelerate and lagoons. 2017-2024) the transformation and economic growth with the private sector at the helm. With this new strategy, Rwanda’s public policy will focus on developing and transforming Rwandans into a capable and skilled people ready to compete in a global environment. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Policy, Plan, Objective Relevance Strategy National The National Poverty Reduction This project is in line with the stated policy Poverty Strategy identifies the transformation as it will transform the human development Reduction of priority areas including human by improving living conditions of the poor Strategy, development which covers the actions and economic infrastructure such as roads 2013- of improving living conditions of and drainages. 2018 the poor, economic infrastructure, governance, development of the private sector and the institutional reinforcement. Rubavu The Rubavu District plans have the RUDP II Phase 3 project fits in the Rubavu District objective of supporting urban District Development plans. The roads and Development management for the delivery of basic drainage under this project will support the Master Plans infrastructure and services and achievement of the Rubavu District informal settlement upgrading. development plans. Environment, Natural Resources and Ecosystems National The main objective of the National The project will comply with this policy by Environment Environment and Climate Change ensuring health and safety standard on and Climate Policy is to make Rwanda a nation that environment and climate change; only Change has a clean and healthy environment, approved quarries and borrow pits by the Policy, 2019. resilient to climate variability and Rubavu District will be used and ensure change that supports a high quality of restoration plan are implemented at the end life for its society. of the project implementation. National This strategy defines the objectives and The project activities will avoid practices Biodiversity priorities for the conservation and that destroy the biodiversity and protected Strategy and sustainable management of areas and contribute with different Action Plan, biodiversity. The plan includes measures to support biodiversity 2016 hillsides and wetlands and protected conservation and restoration areas as some of the areas that need to be conserved. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Policy, Plan, Objective Relevance Strategy Rwanda The goal of this Policy is to conserve The project will avoid destruction of Biodiversity Rwanda‘s biological diversity, to natural resources through avoidance of Policy, 2011 sustain the integrity, health and vegetation clearance and prohibited productivity of its ecosystems and practices such as improper waste dumping ecological processes, whilst providing that may pollute the nearby Sebeya River lasting development benefits to the and Lake Kivu. nation through the ecologically sustainable, socially equitable, and economically efficient use of biological resources. National The overall objective of the national The project will respect mechanisms which Land Policy, land policy is to establish a land guarantee land tenure security. Where not 2004 tenure system that guarantees tenure possible, fair compensation will be security for all Rwandans and give provided. guidance to the necessary land reforms with a view to good management and rational use of national land resources. National The water policy aims at fair and The project activities will comply with this Policy for sustainable access to water, policy by installing storm water drains water improvement of the management of hence, improving the management of water resources water resources, etc. through resources through water catchment. managemen reforestation , water catchments areas t, 2011 and water collection Transport and Urbanization Public The policy includes all public The project will contribute to this policy by transport interventions within the framework of upgrading of unplanned settlements with policy and the urbanization process of Rwanda in the provision of adequate social strategy, 2012 order to constitute the urban structures infrastructure facilities such as roads, at national and provincial level, to drains and lagoons in the Rubavu City. improve urban management, control The project will contribute to the development, and the spatial expansion improvement of transport safety for all of cities, particularly urban centers modes ensure reduction of both number using effective planning tools and severity of accidents. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Policy, Plan, Objective Relevance Strategy National One of its objective is to improve the living The project will improve the living conditions Urbanization conditions of the population in existing of the population by providing basic Policy, 2006 precarious neighborhoods, and infrastructures such as roads and drains, restructuration and equipment of those standalones and lagoons. neighborhoods with basic infrastructure, and secure land tenure status. Urbanization The Urbanization and Rural Settlement The project is in line with the action plan as the and Rural Sector encompasses social, economic and management of ongoing urbanization requires Settlement environmental activities. It has relevance the establishment of infrastructures for Sector Strategy to both, urban and rural areas. According development planning, zoning and urban 2013-2018 to policies of Rwanda, access to a decent renewal, with the provision of adequate housing and favorable living conditions is infrastructure facilities. a fundamental right for all citizens. Smart City The project, through roads and drainage This Smart City Master plan provides a Rwanda Master construction, will increase and facilitate the framework to help Rwandan towns and Plan connectivity between different urban cities manage the transition of the 21st settlement areas of the secondary cities and city century and help ensure the future of Kigali. In addition, the livelihoods of the prosperity of all Rwandans and provides population will be enhanced, there will be an mechanisms for a higher quality of life to improvement of commercial activities, their citizens, businesses and visitors. transportation of goods and people due to the Health, Safety and Sanitation provision of basic and access infrastructure. National The policy provides for As part of the project, the construction of sanitation decentralization in line with the drainages and lagoons in the Rubavu City policy, national decentralization policy, will bring an answer to storm water 2016 institutional aspects, integrated management problems where the storm watershed management, monitoring water and run off will be collected and and assessment and participatory safely disposed to its recipient. approach to water and sanitation among other sectoral reforms in Rwanda. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Policy, Plan, Objective Relevance Strategy National One of the objectives of Rwanda Heath By providing good roads, RUDP II phase 3 Health Sector Policy is to improve the quality will contribute to ease transport of patients Policy, of life and demand for services in the to hospitals and health centers hence 2016 control of disease. The policy contribute to the improvement of the identifies the most common illnesses as quality of life and improved health a result of unhealthy living or working services. environment. The project will comply with this policy by ensuring health safety and the good working conditions and implement awareness programme on HIV Aids, STD, Malaria, Covid-19 and Ebola to workers and the public. National It aims at providing a framework for This policy will govern implementation of Occupational coordination of OSH activities among the project by establishing safety and Safety and public, private, employees health standards at workplace and ensure Health organizations and civil society compliance with occupational safety and Strategy, 2019 institutions health standards. Environment The overall objective of the This project will comply with this policy al Health Environmental Health Policy is by providing good environmental, social, Policy, 2008 provision of adequate environmental health and safety working conditions to health services to all Rwandans with workers and neighboring residents. their active participation. National This Strategy is the first attempt at This project will contribute to the Strategy for plotting a climate resilient and low achievement of the goals by achieving Climate carbon development pathway `for socio-economic development (roads and Change and Rwanda. It is the start of a continuous drainages in this project) that is resilient to Low Carbon process which is described in the economic, social and environmental Development, Enabling Pillars and it will be shocks related to population growth and 2011 implemented through the Programmes climate change. of Action Source: Consultant, 2020 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 3.4 Legal Framework A summary of the national legal framework applicable to RUDP II phase 3 is presented in Table 3-3. Table 3- 3: Relevant National legal framework applicable to RUDP II phase 3 Law/Regulati Objective Relevance on/Order Good Governance/Cross cutting The The Constitution makes clear the right to property, RUDP II phase 3 in the Rubavu Constitution that it will not be encroached upon except in public City will comply with the of the interest and in accordance with the provisions of Constitution by implementation Republic of the law. The constitution specifies that everyone of applicable laws (Law in Rwanda, 2003 has the right to live in a clean and healthy expropriation, labor, as revised in environment and everyone has the duty to protect, Environment) and will ensure 2015 safeguard and promote the environment. social economic development and comply with environmental laws. Environment, Natural Resources and Ecosystem Law on This Law determines modalities for protecting, Given the nature of this project and Environment, conserving and promoting the environment. The basing on this law, the RUDP II 2018 Article 5 of the Law institute the Polluter pays Phase 3 activities are classified principle aiming to deter activities impairing under project that must undergo an environment and punish any person who violates Environmental Impact Assessment regulations. Article 42 prohibits: before obtaining authorization for  to dump any solid, liquid waste or hazardous its implementation. The contractor gaseous substances in a stream, river, swamp, pond, will adhere with all requirements of lake and in their surroundings; the Law, avoiding the pollution to  to damage the quality of the surface or underground the environment water;  to dump, spill or deposit materials of any nature that may cause or increase water pollution;  to build in water sources, streams, rivers and lakes and in the buffer zone in a distance of ten meters (10 m) away from streams and fifty meters (50 m) away from lakes;  to pile soil and any other materials in wetlands; to compact or change the nature of the wetland;  to build in the swamp and in the buffer zone in a distance of twenty meters (20 m) away from the swamp boundaries;  to drain, divert or block the rivers without prior authorization of the competent authority;  to dump, make flow any hazardous waste, waste water, except after treatment in accordance with applicable guidelines (Annex 12 and 13). 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Ministerial order The order defines the Environmental Impact study In this report, the environmental, relating to the as a systematic way of identifying environmental, social and economic impacts of requirements and social and economic impacts of a project before a all activities in the Rubavu City is procedure for decision of its acceptance is made. The order undertaken before taking decision environmental specifies the application and review procedure and to comply with this ministerial impact schedule. order. Assessment (EIA), 2018 Wetlands Law: Wetlands and lakes are protected by levels of The project will carry out an ESIA Prime exploitation published in a list of swamp lands, which will among other, determine Minister’s order their characteristics and boundaries and determining the legal management level No 006/03 of modalities of their use, development and prescriptions of wetlands and/or 30/01/2017 management. The order prescribes three lakes that may be affected by sub- management levels for specific lakes and wetlands: project works and recommend “Full Protection”; “Use under Specific Conditions” mitigation measures. and; “Use without Specific Conditions” National Water This Law defines the applicable rules to the use, The project contractors will carry Law: Law conservation, protection and management of water out the construction of the civil n°62/2008 of resources. The law further defines water reserves, works while observing the 10/09/2008 public water domain of the State in the districts, applicable rules to the use, putting in place natural public water domain and provides conservation, protection and the use, modalities of compensation for damage to a water management of water resources. In conservation, resource and penalty on water polluting case the water utility services are protection and to be relocated or damaged, the management of contractor will be responsible for water resources expenses for relocation by the regulations utility providers and compensation. Ministerial Order This Order determines the list of plains on which RUDP II phase 3 will comply with determining the construction is prohibited and stipulated that this ministerial order by not list of prohibited whenever appropriate studies establish the need for approving any construction on the plains to other plains not on this list to be protected from areas provided on the list of constructions, construction, the Minister in charge of Environment prohibited plains to construction. 2005 may order that construction be prohibited on those The ESIA did not find any plain in plains. proposed areas in all the Rubavu City. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Law governing This Law determines modalities for preservation of As per this law, the project will the preservation air quality and prevention of air pollution in implement measures aimed at the of air quality and Rwanda. preservation of air quality as well prevention of air as all elements or activities likely pollution in to affect air quality or pollute the Rwanda, 2016 atmosphere in the project areas by watering roads in dry season and ensure the use of equipment with low gas emissions. Regulations These regulations aim to protect public health and In case hazardous wastes are Governing the environment by regulating hazardous waste generated by the project activities, Hazardous management and shall apply to any person engaged a license for collection, storage and Waste in the generation, storage, collection, transportation, disposal will be acquired to Management, treatment or disposal of hazardous waste. Regulatory Authority for suitable 2018. Regulation prohibits persons from generating packing, safe handling, storage, hazardous waste without a valid Environmental transport and labelling is done. The Impact Assessment Certificate, and requires the project implementation will ensure segregation of hazardous waste. open and unlabeled storage of hazardous waste is avoided. Law N049/2018 The law determines guidelines principles aiming at As per this law, the project of the preventing pollution of water (through dumping, activities will implement 13/08/2018 spilling or depositing hazardous chemicals on measures aimed at carefully determining the water) and rational use of water resources. handling and store hazardous use and liquids to avoid incidence of management of spills or dumping of chemicals on Water soil, river banks and water resources in surface. Rwanda Regulations These regulations establish a framework for liquid The project implementing governing waste collection and transportation in Rwanda; contractor will ensure proper Liquid Waste management of produced liquid Collection and wastes by signing contract with a Transportation, refuse collection and November 10 transportation and disposal 2016 No: company; 005/R/SAN/EW S/RURA/2016 Regulations This regulation aims at protecting the public health The management of solid wastes governing solid and the environment by encouraging the diversion will be considered during the wastes recycling and recovery of recyclable materials. project implementation by in Rwanda, implementing the re-use and 2015 recycle waste management principles. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Law governing This Law determines modalities for management The management and biodiversity in and conservation of biological diversity within conservation of biological Rwanda,2013 Rwanda. diversity in the project areas will be considered during the project implementation where necessary by implementing the ESMP if this report. Rwandan law N° The Law applies to the activities of exploration, Quarries and borrow pits will be 58/2018 of mining, trading and processing of minerals and required for the project 13/08/2018 on quarry. The Law specifies that the quarry construction of roads and mining and operations are conducted only by a person who has drainage. The project will require quarrying been granted a license in accordance with this Law contractors to comply with this operations. law and forced to request the required permits and ensuring quarries are approved by the Rubavu District and borrow pits and quarries are remediated and restoration plans are implemented at the end of the project. Law Governing The purpose of this Law is to regulate the road The project will comply with Roads in network in Rwanda and determines its reserves, regulations related to roads Rwanda, 2011. classification and management. construction and follow the road building code. National Land This Law determines modalities of allocating, The project will affect lands and Law, 2013 acquisition, transfer, use and management of land in involve resettlement and Rwanda. It also establishes the principles applicable compensation, The project will to rights recognized over all lands situated on ensure rights on lands are Rwanda‘s national territory and all rights united or considered. incorporated with land, whether naturally or artificially. Labour and Social Equity Law relating to This Law determines procedures relating to Since the project is in the public expropriation in expropriation in the public interest. interest, this law will be applied the public during expropriation exercise of interests, 2015 PAPs by RUDP II phase 3. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Law The Law regulate the employment in the public RUDP II phase 3 will abide in Regulating and private sector and specifies many issues good conducive working Labor in including those related to occupational health and conditions during the Rwanda, 2018 safety, Occupational accident or disease, right to implementation of the project. salary, social security, protection against The district will ensure workplace discrimination, protection from forced contractors comply with Labor labor, etc law to ensure good working conditions and wellness of workers. All forms of discrimination will be avoided during recruitment of workers (male and female workers). Law N° The Law determines the organization, functioning In RUDP II Phase 3, the 48/2015 Of and management of health insurance schemes in contractor shall be required to 23/11/2015 Rwanda. Article 4 of this Law specifies that the contribute to the payment of Governing the Employer’s contribution to the payment of health his/her employees‟ work and Organization, insurance contributions for employees Any health insurance. Functioning employer, whether public or private, shall be and required to contribute to the payment of his/her Management employees‟ health insurance contributions in a of Health recognized insurance scheme satisfying conditions Insurance required by law. Each employer shall furnish proof Schemes in of having subscribed to insurance for his/her Rwanda employees Safety, Health and Sanitation Ministeri This Order determine the general and specific As required by this law and the al Order rules and regulations relating to health and safety LMP of the project, health and determini at workplace in order to secure the safety, health safety will be given a priority by ng and welfare of persons at work and protect them ensuring PPE is given to workers condition against risks to safety and health arising from daily, regular toolbox meetings s for work on health and safety during occupatio construction, insurance and nal health compensation ensured in case of and accidents or death. Health and safety, safety committees will be 2012 established by contractors and governed by this ministerial order during project implementation. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Law/Regulation/ Objective Relevance Order Urban development and Construction Rwanda Building Code, The purpose of this Code is to establish The project is classified as a building 2019 the minimum requirements to safeguard project hence will be in compliance with the the public health, safety and general Rwanda building Code welfare. This is done through regulating, controlling, and monitoring the design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, sanitation, lighting and ventilation, energy conservation, and safety including measures to protect life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment, for all buildings and related non-building structures in Rwanda. Law governing urban This Law governs the RUDP II phase 3 in the Rubavu Secondary planning and building urban planning and building in Rwanda. City will comply with this law during in Rwanda, 2012 implementation by ensuring the roads are constructed to the standards and norms stated in this law. Rwanda building The Building Control Regulations is a The project is classified as a building control regulation, nationally recognized document, which project hence will be in compliance with the 2012 will serve as a standard reference for the Rwanda building control regulation; regulation of building design and construction. Sector guidelines for These guidelines help in ensuring that This ESIA has considered these sector EIA for Roads the lessons learned from these guidelines as compliance during development projects experiences are integrated into future implementation of RUDP II phase 3 in in Rwanda, 2009 best practice in relation to EIA for road Rubavu City. projects. National road projects, by their nature, tend to be large, high profile projects extending over a substantial geographical area, and involving huge funding 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Ministerial order N° The ministerial order provides urban The project implementation will ensure the 04/Cab.M/015 of planning and building principles as well quality of road construction materials and, 18/05/2015 as the building Code with minimum emphasize on the use of locally produced determining urban requirements. It also determines the road construction materials that do not planning and traffic and transport planning. compromise the natural ecosystem. building regulations Smart City Rwanda This Smart City Master plan provides a The project, through roads and drainage Master Plan framework to help Rwandan towns and construction, will increase and facilitate the cities manage the transition of the 21st connectivity between different urban century and help ensure the future settlement areas of the Rubavu city. In prosperity of all Rwandans and provides addition, the livelihoods of the population mechanisms for a higher quality of life will be enhanced, there will be an to their citizens, businesses and visitors. improvement of commercial activities, transportation of goods and people due to the provision of basic and access infrastructure. Rwanda Green Building Green building minimum standards The project activities and construction of Minimum Standards recommend the reduction of the GHG civil works will promote energy saving and (2017) and Ministerial emission from the building sector water efficiency. The project will adopt the order N° 04/Cab.M/015 through the reinforcement of the Green climate-resilient design standards and of 18/05/2015 Building Minimum Compliance System. determining urban The ministerial order provides urban ensure the quality of construction materials planning and building planning and building principles as well and emphasize on the use of locally regulations as the building Code with minimum produced building materials that do not requirements compromise the natural ecosystem. Access LAW N°to information Provides the public with right to 04/2013 The project will avail information and relating to access to information. This law enables the public involve the public and project stakeholders in information to access information possessed by public assessing activities, documents or records organs and some private bodies. It also related to the project activities. The project sets out the methods for promoting the documents will be disclosed to public in in publication and sharing of information. any electronic form or print outs copies. These ESF documents will be disclosed on websites of MININFRA, LODA, REMA and City of Kigali Cultural Heritage Law nº 28/2016 on the The project will protect and preserve the preservation of cultural Defines tangible cultural heritage, historical area, building, visual heritage and traditional provides classification criteria , organs in representation, and monuments showing knowledge charge of classification and stresses on artistic talent. the preservation of cultural heritage and traditional knowledge Source: Consultant, 2020 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 3.5 The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Process in Rwanda The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is a planning tool that permits the integration of environmental concerns into the project planning process at the earliest possible planning and design stages and helps provide management of the project with practical advice on the mitigation of any potentially adverse environmental impacts of the project (Figure 1-1). In Rwanda, the ESIA is regulated by Law on environment N°48/2018 of 13/08/2018 and Ministerial Order No 001/2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment. This ESIA was conducted according the process shown in Figure 3-1. Figure 3- 1: ESIA process for RUDP II Phase 3 Source: Adapted from ESIA Process in Rwanda 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City The Procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment have been prepared to contribute to improvement of EIA practice in Rwanda and, they aim to serve agencies and individuals taking part in the EIA process. The target groups include developers, EIA experts, staff of REMA, environmental committees at all local government levels (province, Rubavu City, sector and cell), lead agencies, experts from research institutions and universities, NGOs and the general public. The guidelines are designed to ensure that participants in the EIA process understand their roles and that laws and regulations are interpreted correctly and consistently (Figure 3-1). 3.6 International Legislative Framework and World Bank Environmental and Social Standards 3.6.1 International Agreements Rwanda has signed and ratified various international conventions relevant to general environmental protection and, the following conventions and protocols are relevant to the present study: i. The international Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its habitat signed in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil on 5 June 1992, as approved by Presidential Order No 017/01 of 18 March 1995; ii. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, signed in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil on 5 June 1992, as approved by Presidential Order No 021/01 of 30 May 1995; iii. The Kyoto Protocol to the framework on climate change adopted at Kyoto on March 6, 1998 as authorized to be ratified by Law No 36/2003 of December 2003; iv. The Ramsar International Convention of February 2, 1971 on Wetlands of International importance, especially as water flows habitats as authorized to be ratified by Law No 37/2003 of 29 December 2003; v. Paris Agreement/Paris Climate Agreement or COP 21 of December 2015 on reduction of the emission of gases that contribute to global warming. This agreement was signed by Rwanda on 22/04/2016 and ratified on 06/10/2016; RUDP II Phase 3 will comply with the above international agreements by ensuring vegetation clearance is limited as much as possible and by avoiding destruction of habitats for endangered species if any. This project will also ensure low emissions from the project cars, trucks and machineries. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 3.6.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Framework The project RUDP II is financed by the World Bank and the Government of Rwanda agreed to follow the World Bank Environmental and Social Management Framework and 8 of the Environmental and Social Standards (WB ESS) relevant for the implementation of the RUDP II project. The objective of the 10 World Bank's ESS is to prevent any harm and mitigate or compensate any impact caused by the project to the people and their environment during the construction and operation of the financed activities3. There are 10 ESS which defines the procedures and expected management by the Bank and the Borrower in the identification, preparation, construction, operation and implementation of financed programs and projects. The ESS defines the mechanism for addressing environmental and social issues since the project design, implementation and operation, and they require actions for consultation with affected communities and public disclosure of the ESIA, ESMP and monitoring reporting. 3.6.2.1 WB Standards relevant for RUDP II project. The World Bank Environmental Standards triggered for RUDP include: ESS1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; ESS2: Labor and working conditions; ESS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management; ESS4: Community Health and Safety; ESS5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement; ESS6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources; ESS8: Cultural Heritage and ESS10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure (Table 3-4). Table 3- 4: WB Environmental and Social Standards relevant to this project Environmental and Relevance to the project Social policy Assessment and The ESIA generates and prepare an Environmental and Social Management Plan Management of (ESMP) to prevent, mitigate and compensate negative impacts to people and the Environmental and environmental in both the construction and operational phases of all civil works. Social Risks and The ESIA also follows the national regulations in environment, health, safety, Impacts (ESS1) labor, land and social participation to ensure that the project activities are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. 3 https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-policies 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Relevance to the project Social policy Labor and Working The ESMP formulates appropriate recommendations related to labor management, Conditions (ESS2) worker’s employment criteria (by avoiding child labour), worker’s camp management, gender based violence (GBV), workplace sexual harassment, working hours and health and safety measures, to be documented in labor management procedures. All workers shall sign a Code of conduct as part of their contract prior to start work. The ESMP also includes a grievance redress mechanism for workers to raise workplace concerns. The contractor and other parties shall: (1) inform workers about grievance mechanism at the time of recruitment and make it easily acceptable to them; (2) enhance development benefits of workers (such as sensitization in terms of community health insurance “mutuelle de santé” and SACCOs schemes). Resource Efficiency Since water and energy for construction purpose are scarce in the Rubavu City, and Pollution the project comes up with efficient approaches for natural resources (i.e. water, Prevention and energy, construction materials) consumption to preserve the scarce resources (e.g. Management (ESS3) water to be used at campsite will be complemented by harvested rain water). A waste management plan has been prepared as a measure and action to be implemented; use of raw materials, water and energy will be minimized). The project has also identified potential adverse impacts (both long term & short term) caused by different pollutants on Health and Environment during the entire life cycle of the project and prepared avoidance/ minimization measures. Community Health The project activities are expected to cause health and safety risks and impacts to and Safety (ESS4) local communities (e.g. traffic accidents due to transportation vehicles, transmission of communicable diseases, and pollution of drinking water sources/air due to chemicals/dust). The project design ensures that construction activities do not pose any unintended negative impact to community; that safety and health of affected community is enhanced. Also as result of the interruption of basic services like – electricity, road access, safe walking in the village, access to homes, access to schools, etc. Land Acquisition, Roads construction, drains, ponds and standalones infrastructures will affect Restrictions on Land people living in the areas and as well their houses, fences, and roadside businesses. Use and Involuntary The project will undertake a Resettlement Action Plan to alleviate the adverse Resettlement (ESS5) impacts on displaced persons/damaged properties by providing timely compensation and at-least restoring their livelihood and improving their living standard to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Biodiversity The ESIA addresses activity-specific screening procedures for biodiversity risks Conservation and and impacts likely to occur (e.g. soil erosion, sedimentation that may damage Sustainable terrestrial and aquatic life) from construction activities (e.g. earth moving, Management of Living excavation, transportation of materials, labors, machinery, borrow pits, waste Natural Resources disposal, etc). The project considers relevant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Relevance to the project Social policy (ESS6) services, especially focusing on species/habitat loss, habitat degradation, overexploitation, nutrient loading and pollution. It also takes into account the differing values attached to biodiversity and ecosystem services by local communities. Application of mitigation/ remedial measures shall involve REMA and RDB to avoid impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services on natural habitats, on legally protected plants/animals plus avoid introduction of invasive alien species. Cultural Heritage The project will perform excavations for the civil works that are likely to affect (ESS8) graves (or any tangible objects that embody traditional lifestyles) which are of social and cultural significance. A Chance find procedure has been included in this ESIA. The project will stop any work in case graves or other cultural resource is found until the local community and responsible agency provide clearance to the rescue plan or any other plan agreed to avoid impacting these resources. Stakeholder The Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) cleared and approved by the World Bank Engagement and will be fully implemented with all the different types of stakeholders, and the Information agreed timings and modes for communication and consultation. Disclosure (ESS10) 3.6.2.2 Project ESF instruments cleared by the World Bank for the project As part of the requirements of the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework4, the RUDP II Environmental and Social Review Summary Appraisal Stage (ESRS Appraisal Stage)5 and Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)6 has been prepared as umbrella instrument for the project Environmental and Social Standards (ESS2, ESS3, ESS4, ESS6, ESS8, and ESS10). Other four ESF instruments have also been prepared and approved by the bank o Project Appraisal Document o Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)7 to guide the development of site specific RAPs which will be prepared during project implementation; o Labour Management Procedures (LMP)8 which defines the procedures for labor, health and safety; 4 https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/document-detail/P165017 5https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/845901598651479210/appraisal- environmental-and-social-review-summary-esrs-second-rwanda-urban-development-project-p165017 6 http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/571311598032720851/pdf/Environmental-and-Social-Management-Framework- ESMF-Second-Rwanda-Urban-Development-Project-P165017.pdf 7 https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/490111598032724252/resettlement- process-framework-second-rwanda-urban-development-project-p165017 8 https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/353091598031382560/labor- management-procedures-second-rwanda-urban-development-project-p165017 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City o Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP)9 to guide the communication and consultation protocols and the grievances mechanisms; o Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP)10 which summarizes all obligations of the project for environmental and social management during project implementation. 3.6.3 Project Classification During the project appraisal (PAD, 2019), the World Bank has classified the RUDP-II with a “Substantial Risk” rating based on the ESS1 and expected potential environmental and social impacts and risks (GoR-RUDP II, ESMF, 2020). 3.6.4 World Bank Group (WBG) Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines The World Bank Group has prepared the Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines 1112 to ensure the borrowers apply accepted standards for the Bank13 in the construction and operation of the financed infrastructure. In cases where government do not have regulations (air quality, water discharge standards), the borrowers will use the standards describe in this guideline. Under these guidelines, LODA and the Rubavu District contractors are obliged to implement all reasonable precautions to protect the health and safety of workers and local inhabitants. They provide guidance and examples of reasonable precautions to implement in managing principal risks to occupational health and safety. These measures must be followed for the construction, operation and decommissioning activities. Contractors should have the technical capability to manage the occupational health and safety issues of their employees, extending the application of the hazard management activities through formal procurement agreements. 9 https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/117101598651415132/stakeholder- engagement-plan-sep-second-rwanda-urban-development-project-p165017 10 https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/101861601658735820/environmental- and-social-commitment-plan-escp-second-rwanda-urban-development-project-p165017 11 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/Topics_Ext_Content/IFC_External_Corporate_Site/Sustainability-At- IFC/Policies-Standards/EHS-Guidelines/ 12 https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-framework 13 https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-framework/brief/environmental-and- social-framework-resources 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City For this project, the contractors will follow these preventive and protective measures:  Eliminating the hazard by removing the activity from the work process. Examples include substitution with less hazardous chemicals, using different manufacturing processes.  Controlling the hazard at its source through use of engineering controls. Examples include local exhaust ventilation, isolation rooms, machine guarding, acoustic insulating.  Minimizing the hazard through design of safe work systems and administrative or institutional control measures. Examples include job rotation, training safe work procedures, lock-out and tag-out, workplace monitoring, limiting exposure or work duration.  Providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in conjunction with training, use, and maintenance of the PPE. The application of prevention and control measures to occupational hazards should be based on comprehensive job safety or job hazard analyses. The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards. 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Introduction Different techniques were used to collect data required for this ESIA study and these include a comprehensive literature review, field visits, investigation and direct observations, field surveys and interview with key stakeholders. Before undertaking a detailed ESIA study, the team undertook kick-off meeting and a reconnaissance tour that led to the ESIA Scoping, a precursor and an important part of the initial phases of the ESIA process. After detailed fieldworks were undertaken to gather the required data and information from both field and document review. Having gathered the required information, the consultants consolidated the findings into this comprehensive ESIA report. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data collection involved site assessment surveys with appropriate survey tools such as camera, observation, questionnaires (Annex 3, 4 and 5) to identify and evaluate perceived impacts of the project on (1) roads and surrounding infrastructures; (2) land-use conflicts, (3) vegetation cover of the area; (4) existing sensitive environmental receptors including surface and ground waters; (5) on people living within and around the project area; animal breeding sites, feeding grounds. The evaluation of different road stretches and drains was carried out with a specific focus on (1) physical environment (topography and soil, climate and rainfall, water quality and noise level); (2) biological environment (flora and fauna); (3) socio-economic and cultural environment (population, land use, sources of income, employment, goods and services, cultural/ historical sites). Secondary data collection involved the review of relevant policies, strategies and regulations related to buildings, infrastructures, national socio-economic surveys and environmental impact assessment. The RUDP II phase 3 Engineering feasibility studies and the Rubavu District Development and Masterplans were also reviewed. Table 4-1 describes tasks and approaches used to conduct this study. The identification of key stakeholders (individual, a group of people, or an organization who can affect or be affected positively or negatively the proposed project) was undertaken using 50 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City literature review of the institutional setup and consultative interactions with the public. The analysis of stakeholders involved placing them in categories (Central Government, Local Government, NGOs, PAPs and local communities) and assessing the impacts of each group of stakeholders on the project (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats-SWOT Analysis). According to WB ESS1 “Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts” and the ES10 “ Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure” , and the Ministerial order relating to the requirements and procedure for environmental impact Assessment (EIA), 2018, it is required the project to hold public hearings on the project to seek the views of the people in the communities which may be affected by the project. Public involvement is necessary to collect views and concerns of: a) Local communities; b) Project affect local people; c) Local authorities including the Rubavu District officials; d) Central government institutions (LODA, RTDA, REMA, WASAC, REG). Methodologies for involving the public were designed and implemented in a flexible manner adapting and responding to the local communities and conditions. They were chosen with the concept of cost-effectiveness so as not to cripple the environmental assessment budget. Public involvement activities were carried out openly and transparently. Public involvement consisted of three stages: information dissemination; consultation; and stakeholder participation as per the directives from project ESMF and SEP. A summary of the consultations performed and their outcomes in this ESIA is provided in Chapter 8. The list of people who participated has been attached to this ESIA (Annex 8). Special attention was paid to the Bank’s ESSs and other ESF instruments prepared for RUDP II (PAD, ESMF, ESCP, SEP, LMP, RFP and ESRS). The review of these documents helped to formulate the specific measures for the management of the project environmental and social risks. 51 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 4- 1: Overview of tasks and approaches Task & Activities Approach Task 1: Project site Fieldwork, observation and mapping reconnaissance Task 2: ESIA Application to Desk work of analyzing and compiling the information from RDB the field and literature review, preparation of the ESIA project brief and TORs Task 3: Preparation and Desk work to discuss the methodological approaches presentation of an to the assignment (ESIA for of RUDP II Phase 3 in inception report the Rubavu City Task 4: ESIA Scoping Desk work, field surveys, interviews to identify key issues for the ESIA, preparation and approval of ToRs Task 5: Review of policies, Desk work to review national and international policy, laws, regulatory framework treaties and agreements relevant to this project. applicable to ESIA and the Rubavu District; Task 6: Analysis of the Field surveys, mapping, interviews and questionnaires to project components LODA, the Rubavu District and local people and activities Task 7: Collection of the Physical, chemical, biological and social-economic biophysical and social- investigations (field surveys, observations, mapping, economic baseline interview, questionnaires, literature review) to identify the information background environment in terms of soil type, erosion, drainage, slope, water resources, wetlands, climate and meteorology, pollution, traffic, patterns, basic services, biological environment, socio-economic and cultural environment Task 8: Impact identification, Field work and desk work, identifying, analysis and impact analysis and impact mapping the project impacts and their significance to the significance and occupational communities and environment. Safety & Health concerns Task 9: Analysis of mitigation Field work and desk work to identify and analysis of the measures project mitigation measures Task 10: Analysis of Desk work, field surveys to analyze the project alternatives alternatives (alignments, in terms of the policy, plans, programme, projects, material, construction construction technologies or management and work technology, waste schedule management techniques) 52 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Task & Activities Approach Task 11: Environmental Desk work compiling together according to the project and Social Management activities, the project impacts, mitigation measures, and Monitoring Plan management and monitoring indicators, responsibility, (ESMP) and frequency and cost. The ESMP will also detail the Environmental and Social management for the storm water, waste, topsoil, dumping Monitoring Plan including areas, quarry, campsites and borrow sites. plans for traffic, work health & safety, storm water & wastes, labor and greening. Task 12: Preparation Desk work compiling all together all ESIA chapters and and Disclosure of the disclosure to the client (Rubavu District, LODA and other Draft Report key project stakeholders). Task 14: Preparation and Desk work, revising the draft report according to the input presentation of the final report from the client and key project stakeholders Task 15: Submission of final Submission of the Final ESIA Report to RDB for final report and issuance of a review and approval and issuance of the Clearance certificate of approval by the Certificate. Rwanda Development Board Source: Consultant, 2020 4.2 Literature Review Literature relating to Feasibility Study and Preliminary Design Report of Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) in the Rubavu District was reviewed. Other documents reviewed include:  World Bank Environmental and Social Standards: Bank's Environmental Assessment and Management and Social Risks and Impacts - ESS1; Labor and Working Conditions - ESS2; Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management - ESS3; Community Health and Safety - ESS4; Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement - ESS5; Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources - ESS6; Cultural Heritage - ESS8; Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure - ESS10.  The instruments prepared for the project including the Environmental and Social Review Summary – publications in the internet 14 and, the ESIAs for the previous 14 https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents- reports/documentdetail/845901598651479210/appraisal-environmental-and-social-review-summary-esrs-second- 53 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City phases;  The RUDP webpage in the World Bank website including ESF instruments for RUDP II (PAD, ESMF, ESCP, SEP, LMP, RFP and ESRS).;  The supervision reports of the of RUDP I;  The bidding documents of the of RUDP I;  Environmental supervision reports form the Rubavu District, LODA and Contractors;  Rwanda vision 2020, 2015 and 2050 and 7-Years Government Programme: National Strategy for Transformation (NST1)2017–2024;  The Environmental New Law (No. 48/2018 of 13/08/2018) determining the modalities for protecting, conserving and promoting the environment;  Ministerial Order No 001/2019 of 15/04/2019 Establishing the List of Projects that Must Undergo Environmental Impact Assessment, Instructions, Requirements and Procedures to Conduct Environmental Impact Assessment, 2019;  Ministerial order relating to the requirements and procedure for environmental impact Assessment (EIA), 2018;  Ministerial Order determining modalities of establishing and functioning of occupational health and safety committees, 2012;  Law Governing Roads in Rwanda, 2011;  National Land Law, 2013;  Law n° 13/2014 of 20/05/2014 on Mining and Quarry Operations ;  Law relating to expropriation in the public interests, 2015;  Law Regulating Labor in Rwanda, 2009;  Law governing the preservation of air quality and prevention of air pollution in Rwanda, 2016;  Law governing biodiversity in Rwanda, 2013;  Law governing urban planning and building in Rwanda, 2012;  Ministerial Order determining conditions for occupational health and safety, 2012;  Rwanda building control regulation, 2012;  Sector guidelines for EIA for Roads development projects in Rwanda, 2009 rwanda-urban-development-project-p165017 54 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Land use, topographic and geological maps of the various project areas, and other documents that were deemed as being of fundamental importance to the assignment were also reviewed. A list of all references used is provided under the Reference section of this report. 4.3 Determination of Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions Environmental and social baseline surveys were conducted within the project area to establish prevailing biophysical and socio-economic conditions that served as basis for impacts assessment and future monitoring. Baseline conditions were established based on literature review and field biophysical and social surveys as well as consultations with relevant stakeholders. a) Field visits and detailed studies were conducted along the proposed sub-projects (roads and drains), key ecosystems, water bodies and their adjacent territories. The site visits started in September 2020, continued in October - November 2020. During the site visits, the different biodiversity features, habitat, vegetation, climatic parameters and landscape units present were identified and recorded. Walk-through-surveys were conducted across all the proposed RUDP II phase 3 and all observed plant and animal species were recorded. Active searches for protected species (fauna and flora) were also conducted within habitats likely to harbor or be important for such species. The presence of sensitive ecosystems such as Lake Kivu and Sebeya River were given due attention. b) Review of existing information and data on environmental parameters like rainfall and temperature; c) Review and reference to the existing laws, regulations, policies and working documents relating to biodiversity features to verify how the project conforms to them; and d) Consultations with the relevant stakeholders (LODA, REMA, RDB, Rubavu City, local communities) on the key issues that need special attention and Expert judgment. 4.4 Water Quality Assessment To have the baseline information on the water quality in the project area, in the period of November 2020, water samples were taken in Sebeya River (2 samples) and Lake Kivu (1 sample) and the water quality was analyzed in terms of Turbidity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chloride, 55 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Grease and Oil, and Fecal coliforms. Figure 3-1 shows the sampling sites, while sampling details are shown in Table 4-2. It is worth to highlight that the two sampling sites were strategically located (one upstream at Sebeya River-Rugerero centre; another downstream of the sub-projects at exit of the Sebeya River to Lake Kivu) to capture the contribution of the project to the Lake and River (Figure 4- 1). Table 4- 2:Water sampling sites and schedule in Rubavu City Date City Places Number and Type of Geographic coordinates Samples X Y Z th 27 Rubavu Lake Kivu Lake Kivu at: 0751593 9811368 1465m November City  Outlet of the Sebeya 2020 River to Lake Kivu;  Drain exit to the Lake (at 0751183 9811710 1465m Hill View Hotel) Sebeya Sebeya River (upstream of 0755437 9812796 1645m River the existing drain exit) Source: Consultant, 2020 56 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 4- 1: Sampling sites for water quality analysis in Rubavu City Source: Consultant, 2020 Sample collection followed the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 2005). EC (μS cm-1) and pH were measured onsite using a multimeter (18.50.SA Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, The Netherlands). The turbidity was determined using a Portable colorimeter DR/890 (HACH, Colorado, USA). Samples for other water quality analyses were preserved using cooler box with ice packs whose temperature was maintained at 4oC and transported to the Laboratory of Water and Sanitation Corporation (WASAC) and analyzed the following day as follows:  Grease & oil (GO) was determined by extraction into a non-polar, hydrocarbon-free solvent followed by measurement of the infrared absorption spectrum of the extract. The absorption between 3000 and 2900 cm -1 by C-H groups in the OG is correlated to the concentration of OG; 57 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) was determined by completely filling an airtight bottle of 300 mL and incubates it in darkness at 20oC for 5 days. BOD5 was calculated as the difference between the initial dissolved oxygen and the dissolved oxygen after incubation by using Oximeter.  The Chemical Oxidation demand was determined using the strong oxidizing agents (Cr2O72- or (Cr IV) to oxidize the organic matter. The solutions of Ag2SO4, H2SO4 were used as catalyst and CaCrO7 was used as the oxidizing agents. The reading of absorbance is done at 600 nm using colorimeter.  Heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were determined by digesting the unfiltered samples with Nitric Acid during sampling. Digested samples were filtered using Glass Fibre Filters (pore size 0.45 μm, 47 mm) to avoid the clogging of the AAS aspirator pipe. The concentrations of these metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS Perkin Elmer model Analyst 200) with air/acetylene flame method (Agilent, 2012; Perkin Elmer Corporation, 1996).  Water samples for total coliform (TC) analysis were filtered on through sterile membrane filters (0.45 μm, 47 mm) with a vacuum pump. Filters for HPC were placed on solidified Yeast Extract Agar and all colonies were counted within 24 and 48 hours of incubation at 37oC. Filters for TC were incubated on Chlomocult Coliform Agar at 37oC for 24 hours. Pink to red colonies and blue colonies were counted for TC (APHA, 2005) The results for the measured water quality and applicable standards are reported in the chapter of baseline information (Chapter 5). 4.5 Noise level assessment Noise level was measured nearby the most noise pollution sensitive area using a decibel meter application installed in a smart phone (Techno Pouvoir 3). Noise monitoring points are Buhuru Centre, University of Tourism Technology & Business Studies (UTB), Karugogo Centre, Junction to Rubavu Sector office, Kaguriro Village and Rugerero at the junction with the National Road Musanze-Rubavu (Figure 4-2). Decibel levels and applicable standards are reported in Chapter 5 of Baseline information. 58 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 4.6 Air Quality Assessment Air quality was assessed based on the existing information (REMA 2018 and https://www.accuweather.com). Based on the project activities the most important air quality parameters to be affected are:  Particulate matter (including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 microns (PM10) and 2.5 microns (PM2.5), from smoke and dust emissions;  Nitrogen oxides (including oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from vehicles, trucks and machinery emissions;  Sulphur dioxide (SO2) from vehicles, trucks and machinery emissions;  Carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from vehicles, trucks and machinery emissions;  Ozone (O3) from the combination of different emissions resulting from photochemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic contents, and other atmospheric constituents. Air emissions limits are shown in Table 4-3. 59 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 4- 2: Places for Noise level measurement in the context of RUDP II in Rubavu City Source: Consultant, 2020 60 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 4- 3: Air Emission limits specified World Health Organization Parameters Averaging period Emission Limits (μg/m3) Sulphur oxides (SOx) 10 minutes 500 24 hour 125 Nitrogen 1 hour 200 Dioxides Annual 40 PM10 24 hours 50 Annual 20 PM2.5 24 hour 25 Annual 10 Ozone 8-hour daily maximum 100 Carbon monoxide 15 minutes 100,000 Cadmium Annual 0.005 Lead Annual 0.5 Manganese Annual 0.15 Mercury Annual 1 Source: Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, 2nd Edition, WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91, 2000. WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, Global update 2005, WHO 2006 4.7 Biological assessment (Flora, Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, and other fauna) A terrestrial ecological and avifaunal study was undertaken. As part of this study, a desktop study was carried out of publicly available scientific publications to investigate the ecology and biodiversity of the affected project area (ACNR, 2011). Walk-through-surveys were conducted across the proposed project site, and all plant and animal species observed were recorded. A special attention was paid to trees and water bodies with sensitive ecosystems that can be directly impacted by the proposed project. A Non-Random Sampling Procedure―Convenience sample was therefore used for flora and fauna data collection all around the project area. Efforts were also made to find the existence of protected species known to be threatened, endemic, endangered and rare, based on national conservation importance and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conservation status. Searches for listed and protected plant species at various sites were conducted and the location of all listed species was recorded. The presence of sensitive ecosystems such as Lake Kivu and Sebeya River were noted. This aimed at determining the nature of likely impacts of the project and recommendations on mitigation. 61 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 4.8 Historical and Cultural heritage assessments A desktop study (ACHO 2009; GoR, Minispoc 2015), field surveys (observations and public consultations) were carried out of publicly available scientific publications to determine the archaeological, paleontological, heritage history and location including tombs, burial sites and genocide memorials of the affected project area. The focus was to illustrate and determine the nature of likely impacts and mitigation recommendations of the proposed development. 4.9 Landscape and Visual impacts assessment A landscape and visual impact assessment study was undertaken. Site visits were undertaken where visual features and the landscape setting of the proposed RUDP II phase 3 sites were recorded. An assessment was also made on the degree of usage of these locations (e.g. by people from nearby homes, centres and institutions) that would be (in their views) sensitive to change (s), due to the proposed project. These receptors were then identified, as well as Key Observation Points (KOPs) (those sensitive receptors who had views of the Project) particularly those relating to intersections of major roads, arterial and scenic routes, as well as urban areas, settlements and farmsteads. The landscape character was then surveyed in terms of scenic quality (landscape significance) and receptor sensitivity to landscape change (of the site) in order to define the visual objective for the project sites. Photomontages using panoramic photographs were used to determine the degree of visibility of the Project and change in views of the surrounding landscape. The impact assessment phase involved the determination of the nature of likely impacts of the development and recommendations on mitigation. 4.10 Socio-economic assessment The socio-economic survey started with the compilation of a baseline description. The baseline description was derived from a range of secondary data (including but not limited to census data, existing reports, development plans and other strategic planning documents) and primary data collection. The primary data used for the baseline was based on information provided by the directly-affected landowners, other project affected persons (PAPs) and issues raised through the public consultation process. The impact assessment phase incorporated the identification and assessment of socio- economic impacts (direct, indirect and cumulative) that may result from the construction to operation phases of the project. Mitigation measures that address the local context and needs 62 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City were recommended as the final phase of the study. 4.11 Environmental Standards Environmental standards are maximum or acceptable concentrations of particular parameters recommended to support or maintain healthy the ecosystem functions. The most important environmental parameters considered in RUDP II phase 3 include water quality (pH, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nitrate, phosphate, total coliforms and E.coli), noise level and air quality (Sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen dioxides, particulate emissions (PM10 PM2.5), ozone, carbon monoxide, cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury. The water quality and noise level results and applicable maximum allowable levels are reported in the chapter of baseline information (Chapter 5). Despite that the Bank has the Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines15, the Banks also accepts the National standards and those of international agencies like the World Health Organization. 4.12. Identification and analysis of Potential Environmental & Social Impacts 4.12.1 Impacts Identification For the identification of the project impacts, Table 4-4 was first used as a guideline. Further, the outcomes from field baseline data collection and consultation with the project stakeholders helped to identify more impacts. 15 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at- ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines 63 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 4- 4: Identification of the Project impacts using a checklist table Local employment Local population Flora and Fauna Receptor Infrastructures Surface water Groundwater Archaeology Atmosphere Economics Landscape Transport Land use Geology Utilities Soil Activities Planning and design phase Resettlement Private land acquisition Construction phase Workforce mobilization Ground clearing, earth moving and grading and cutting Modification of existing services Excavation of drainage systems (side exit and standalone drains Construction of sites (campsite, and work site) facilities, utilities, etc. Operation and maintenance phase Life condition improvement Reduction of erosion rate Improved road facility Source: Adapted from Lohani and Halim, 1983 4.12.2 Impacts Evaluation/ Characterization The potential environmental and social impacts (adverse and positive) of the RUDP II phase 3 activities during the Design, Construction and Operational Phases were identified by means of a significance Matrix (Table 4-5), where the interactions between relevant project activities and the natural/physical environmental components and the social components were considered to determine whether or not the interaction may create potential impacts. The potential impacts on the baseline conditions were then evaluated according to the following criteria: 64 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 4- 5: Impact Evaluation Criteria Criteria Indicative Assessment Thresholds used for each Rating Criteria: Threshold Typical Descriptions Characterizatio Positive Impact is an improvement on the current situation or is desirable n of Impact Negative Impact is a worsening over the current situation or is not desirable Type of Direct Project results in a direct impact upon aspect/ receptor/ resource (i.e. Impact generally within the Project footprint with a relevant buffer). Indirect Indirect effect upon aspect/receptor/resource. Cumulative Cumulative effect upon receptor. Reversibility Reversible The effect is reversible. Irreversible The effect is potentially permanent and not reversible. Geographic Localized Impact is limited to specific individuals or communities or Extent environmental receptors at or close to the RUDP II phase 3 Regional Impact extends across the whole Rwanda National or Impact extends to neighboring countries like in our case DRC, Transboundary Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, etc. Time when Immediate Effect occurs immediately following the RUDP II phase 3 project the impact activities. occurs Delayed Effect delayed and occurs sometime after project activity/action. Duration Very short term Impact is expected to last in the short term (0-1 year) (e.g. less than two years). Short Impact is expected to last in the short term (1-5 years) Medium term Impact is expected to last in the medium term (5 – 10 years) (e.g. between two and ten years). Long term Impact extends throughout the project operation phase and beyond (e.g. beyond 10 years) Permanent Impacts that cannot be remedied Probability Unlikely The impact can be considered to be unlikely to occur (<20% chance of occurring) Probable The impact can be considered to have likelihood of occurring (40% - 70% chance of occurring) Certain The impact can be considered to have a high likelihood of occurring (>90% chance of occurring) Magnitude Negligible Does not have a measurable impact. 65 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Criteria Indicative Assessment Thresholds used for each Rating Criteria: Threshold Typical Descriptions Low Has a distinguishable low level impact on environment or communities For Negative Impacts: Some measurable change in resource or its quality or vulnerability; minor loss of, or alteration to, one (maybe more) key characteristics, features or elements. For Positive impacts: Minor benefits to, or addition of, one (maybe more) key characteristics, features or elements; some beneficial impact on resource or reduced risk of negative impact occurring. Moderate Impacts are both distinguishable and measurable and affect the majority of the local population/social aspects or environment. For Negative Impacts: Loss of resource, but not adversely affecting the integrity; partial loss of/damage to key characteristics, features or elements. For Positive Impacts: Benefit to, or addition of, key characteristics, features or elements; improvement of receptor/resource quality. High Has a measurable and sustained positive or negative impact on social or environmental aspects. For Negative Impacts: Loss of resource and/or quality and integrity of resource; severe damage to key characteristics, features or elements. For Positive Impacts: Large scale or high improvement of resource quality; extensive restoration or enhancement; major improvement in receptor/resource quality. Source: RTDA, 2017 Furthermore, for certain topics quantitative thresholds/limit values (e.g. air quality, water quality, noise levels etc.) have been considered in determining the Magnitude of Impact. 4.12.3 Assessment of Impact Significance The significance of the project impacts was quantified Using the Impact Prediction Matrix (Table 4-6), whereby the impact risk is proportional to its extent, duration, magnitude and probability (Risk = (Extent + Duration + Magnitude) x Probability). 66 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 4- 6: Assessment of the project impacts using the Impact Prediction Matrix Category of Impact Significance Level Assigned Score MINOR Very Low 1 Moderately Low 2 Low 3 MEDIUM Low Medium 4 Medium 5 High Medium 6 MAJOR High 7 Moderately High 8 Very High 9 Extremely High 10 Source: Ramakrishna, 2015 4.12.4 Assessment of Cumulative Impacts Cumulative impacts are changes to the environment caused by an action (project or project activity) in combination with other past, present, and future human actions. In practice, assessment of cumulative impacts requires consideration of other assessment concepts, which are different from the conventional approaches used in EIA. Cumulative impacts occur as interactions--between actions, between actions and the environment, and between components of the environment. These pathways between a source and an effect are often the focus of an assessment of indirect or cumulative impacts. The magnitude of the combined effects along a pathway can be equal to the sum of the individual effects (additive effect) or can be an increased effect (synergistic effect). In many cases, individual sub-projects produce environmental effects that are not significant. However, when combined with the effects of other project components or other projects and activities, these small effects may become a concern, as they may cause a cumulative effect. They are usually neither measured nor accounted for before they cause significant damage through accumulation. In this study efforts were made to predict the cumulative impacts based on our experience on similar projects in similar environment (road projects in urban areas). Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) VECs are the main objects of the cumulative impact assessment process. VECs are defined as any part of the environment that is considered important by the proponent, public, scientists, and government involved in the assessment process. 67 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City In RUDP II phase 3, the main VECs to be affected include:  Closest residential areas (noise and air pollution);  Downstream Ecosystem (Water quality in waterbodies); Strict adherence to environmental and social management and monitoring plan with special focus on noise, air and water quality as proposed in ESMP will help minimize these impacts. 68 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC BASELINE 5.1 Physical environment 5.1.1 Location of the project area Rubavu District is one of the seven districts comprising the Western Province of Rwanda (Figure 5-1). The District borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the West and North, Rutsiro District in South, and Nyabihu District in the East. The District (388 km2) comprises 30 administrative Sectors, 80 Cells and 525 Villages (GoR, 2013). The proposed roads project stretches through two (2) administrative sectors namely Rubavu and Rugerero within the City of Rubavu. The City of Rubavu lies in the western part of the District, at 152 km from Kigali and, represents the point of entry to DRC in Northern Rwanda. The RUDP II phase 3 sub-projects for Rubavu are shown in Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2 and Table 2-1. 5.1.2 Topography The City of Rubavu is generally flat. It is surrounded by Rubavu hill in East, Lake Kivu in South and the City of Goma in West. The northern part of the City of Rubavu features lava formations from the eruptions of nearby Nyiragonga Volcano. The average elevation in the project area is 1556m above the sea level, the slope ranges between 2% to 7%, which is less susceptible to erosion (Figure 5-2 and Figure 5-3). 5.1.3 Geology and Soils The geology of Rubavu District, as well as in the project area is dominated by volcanic rocks, lava, gap/breach and tuffs created during both tectonic and volcanic activities. The soil is predominated by lava stones, which are porous and thus, permitting movement of fluids or gas through them by ways of pores. More attention would be paid on storage and disposal of waste materials containing hazardous substances that may negatively affect the soil, ground and surface water and human health. 69 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Location of Rubavu District in Rwanda Figure 5- 1: Source: Consultant, 2020 70 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Slope variation in the project in Rubavu City project area Figure 5- 2: Source: Consultant, 2020 71 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5.1.4 Hydrography, Drainage and Water Quality The hydrography in Rubavu City is dominated by the Lake Kivu (Southern) and Sebeya River (East-Southern). Sitting on volcanic soil, there are no streams or wetlands in the project area. Despite a small area that has no drainage outlet (where lagoons were proposed), all sub-projects will drain to the Lake Kivu and Sebeya river which is main tributary to the Lake in the region. Care should be taken to appropriately drain storm water from the flood-prone areas of Byahi, Karukogo and Rugerero. 72 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 5- 3: Hydrology and Drainage in the project area Source: Consultant, 2020 73 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City As most of the sub-projects drain to the Sebeya River and Lake Kivu, these are the water bodies to be affected by the project activities. As a result, water samples were taken in Sebeya River and Lake Kivu (see Figure 4-1 and Table 4-2). The water quality results for samples taken in Sebeya and Lake Kivu are shown in Table 5-1. Table 5- 1: Water quality for water samples collected in Sebeya (Rugerero junction) and Lake Kivu (Rubavu City). Highlighted in red are parameters whose values exceed the maximum allowable guidelines. Grease, Oil & Lead and Cadmium were very low, below level of detection (ND). Parameters /site Unit Sebeya Sebeya Lake East African upstream downstream Kivu Community Water Standards (EAS 12, pH - 7.27 7.02 9.03 2014) 6-9 Total coli-forms MPN/100 5.1 x 104 3.3x 105 8.3 X 105 4 x 102 Turbidity ml mg/l 2065 1755 2 30 Electrical uS/cm 68.6 67.5 1019 <1,500 Conductivity Salinity (‰) 0.03 0.03 0.14 0.5 Total Dissolved mg/l 33.5 33.2 502 500 Solids Chloride mg/l 7.34 10.51 31.3 45 Biological mg O2/l 17 19.65 6 30 Oxygen Demand Chemical mg O2/l 31 35.21 11 50 Oxygen Demand Oil and grease mg/l ND ND ND 2.5 Lead mg/l ND ND ND 0.01 Copper mg/l 0.021 0.027 0.074 1 Zinc mg/l 0.5948 1.0097 0.0578 5 Cadmium mg/l ND ND ND 0.6 Source: Consultant, 2020 The main issue of water quality at the sampling sites was related to high levels (beyond the maximum allowable concentration) of total coliforms, and turbidity (Sebeya River). Total Dissolved Solids and Electrical Conductivity were also very high in Lake Kivu but not exceeding their maximum allowable concentrations. Other variables were below their maximum allowable concentration. While high turbidity was caused by erosion in the Sebeya catchment, higher levels of total coliforms and chloride indicated poor sanitation, lack of appropriate drainage/sewage system and use of pit latrines in the area. 74 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City As part of the project implementation, Rubavu District should train the local people about hygiene and sanitation, and plan for the development of the more improved water supply and sanitation infrastructure in the project area. The monitoring of water quality should also be conducted during and after the project implementation (construction, operation and decommissioning) to ensure no significant water quality deterioration caused to the project activities. 5.1.5 Earthquake and seismicity hazard history Rwandan is earthquake and seismicity prone areas and, earthquake hazard distribution maps (Annex 2) show that twenty-four percent (24%) of the total area of the country are likely to feel the MMI V (with moderate shaking) (GoR-MIDIMAR, 2015) including the project area. Several severe earthquakes of magnitude exceeding 6 have been noticed in the recent historical times in Rubavu District. On 17 January 2002 and on 20 March 2003, two (2) earthquakes of magnitude (Mw) 6+ occurred in Rubavu and its environs, with Mw=6.0. The earthquake events resulted in loss of people and infrastructures (including roads) were partially destroyed (GoR- MIDIMAR, 2015). Based on the distribution of epicentres and tectonic setting of our region, the project area is located nearby the epicentre zone one (1) depth of 10 km, at about 20 km in Lake Kivu (Annex 2), with very high seismic activities. The project activities shall be designed for seismic load to reduce damage of structures in the event of a major earthquake. The relative recommendation is provided in the Chapter 10 (Contractor’s Environmental and Social Clauses). 5.1.6. Air quality The status of air pollution in Rwanda shows indications of air quality deterioration from 1990 to 2012. Recent air pollution data generated by the UNEP-GEMS Water Program shows that the Rwandese population-weighted exposure to particulate matter since the year 2000 (Boys et al., 2014). Major causes of air pollution in Rubavu City are:  Rapid urbanization with an increase in motorized used cars in the city;  Use of fossil fuel, in thermal power plants, generating almost 50% of the electricity production in the country;  The high rate of the use of charcoal and fire woods for domestic cooking. Due to the relative high price of electricity provided by the Rwanda Energy Group (REG) and relatively low- 75 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City income levels about 60% of the population in Rubavu use firewood as a source of energy for cooking;  Use of old fashioned cook stoves is common in the city. The AccuWeather website (https://www.accuweather.com) that monitors air quality shows that particulate matter is the most serious air quality concern in Rubavu City. The observation done on Friday 12th/ to 10 January 2010, showed that hourly mean particulate matter PM2.5 was 41 µg/m3, and PM10 was 58 µg/m3. This the air quality is poor and above World Health Organization) (Table 5-2). In terms of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), the air quality data from the project area is excellent, considering (WHO emission limits) (Table 5-2). The combination of these data sources shows that only pollution from particulate matter is concerning. Some risk for inhalation of air pollutants, which may cause respiratory diseases. This means that the population of Rubavu City may sometimes be exposed to elevated concentrations of particulate matter during their stay outdoor, particularly in the city business center and near junctions of paved roads. During project implementation, mitigations measures should be implemented to avoid aggravating particulate matter emissions, these measures are described in section 7.2.2.9, 7.2.2.15 and 7.2.2.22. Table 5- 2: Air Quality in Rubavu City Indicator Hourly Observed WHO Air Emission Concentration (µg/m³) limits (µg µg/m³) PM 2.5 41 25 Poor PM 10 58 50 Poor SO 2 12 125 Excellent NO 2 3 400 Excellent CO 497 Excellent Source:https://www.accuweather.com/en/rw/ruhengeri-airport/113280_poi/air-quality- index/113280_poi 5.1.7 Land Use and Settlement The proposed roads, standalone drains and lagoons projects in the Cicy of Rubavu will be established into urbanized and semi-urbanized areas. The land uses in this secondary city are 76 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City dominated by residential housing and small scale commercial businesses. The RUDP II phase 3 projects will connect these residential areas to key social infrastructure such as the stadium, Churches, markets, Schools, local administrative offices, health centres and main highway road. 5.1.8 Climate and Rainfall Rubavu City has an equatorial climate. The average temperatures range from 20 ° C at the edge of Lake Kivu, at 15 ° C on the vertices, where night time temperatures can drop to 6 ° C. This area offers an alternative of two wet seasons and two dry seasons. Rainfall in Rubavu District varies between 1200 mm and 1500 mm per year; and is fairly well distributed throughout the year except for the period of long dry season which extends from June to mid- September (Figure 5-4). Monthly rainfall at Gisenyi Airport, Rubavu City Figure 5- 4: Source: Rwanda Meteorological Agency, 2019 5.1.9 Noise Level The noise levels at different sites (see Figure 4-2) of the project construction area show different levels of exposures and risk to the noise pollution the range 25-84 dB (Figure 5-5). Firstly, higher values averaged at 50-57 dB were observed at the junction point of the National road Musanze-Rubavu and Rugerero-Buhuru (Figure 5-5a) and at Buhuru Centre (Figure 5-5f) respectively, reflecting high and busy road traffic flows of the areas. Secondly, the noise level was relatively low at the other noise monitoring points (University of Tourism Technology & Business Studies (UTB), Karugogo Centre and 77 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Kaguriro Village, reflecting low road traffic flows at those sites. At any case the maximum noise level reached 85 dB. That means noise level is acceptable and below the intolerable levels of 85 dB. During the project implementation, the contractor and the sub-contractors will ensure the noise level is kept within the acceptable noise level. (a) (b)  MIN: 42 MIN: 25  AVG: 57 AVG: 50  MAX: 84 MAX: 76  TIME: 00:03:06 TIME: 00:03:00 MIN: 27 (c) AVG: 52 (d) MAX: 77 TIME: 00:03:02 MIN: 25 AVG: 48 MAX: 81 TIME: 00:03:01 (e) (f) (f) MIN: 25 MIN: 30 AVG: 50 AVG: 54 MAX: 75 MAX: 76 TIME: 00:03:00 TIME: 00:03:08 Figure 5- 5: Noise level along the project site: Rugerero Junction (a), Kagurira Village Centre (b), Rubavu Sector Office Junction (c), Karukogo Village Centre (d), UTB University (e) and Buhuru Centre (f). Source: Consultant, 2020 78 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5.1.10 Key project component issues The key project component issues in the Rubavu City are presented in Table 5-3. There is land use incompatibility between the sub-projects and its surrounding. For example, the Buhuru- Byahi-Karukogo-Rugerero road drains storm water to flooding prone areas at Byahi, Karukogo, Rubavu sector, Rugerero centre among others. The stagnant water may allow mosquitoes breeding, causing malaria spread and other hygiene problems. In addition, the road construction will disrupt water supply infrastructure, electrical lines and public light poles. This report presents measures to avoid affecting the properties (homes), improve drainage conditions, and reduce risks related to damage to utilities. Measures related to the avoid the impacts affecting properties (homes) are presented in section 7.2.2.1 and shall be implemented by LODA and Rubavu District. Sections 7.2.22 and 7.5.2 present measures to improve drainage condition reduce storm water impacts on properties whereas 7.2.2.19 presents measures to mitigates the interference of construction activities on businesses and communities daily routines in terms of access to properties and homes. These measures will be implemented by the contractor. With regard to risks related to utilities services (water and electricity), section 7.2.2.6 presents measures to reduce these risks. The measures will be implemented by the districts after coordination with the utilities agencies (WASAC for water and REG for electricity). 79 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 5- 3: Key Project Environmental and Social Issues in the Rubavu City RUDP II Phase 3 Key Environmental and Social Issues investments Rugerero-Buhuru  Land take in the road Right of Way and potential risk of traffic accidents road by road users due to small road cross section (Plate 5-1);  No roadside drainage and, existing drains are poorly maintained, causing dampness to closely houses;  Some utilities (electrical poles, water pipelines) cross and installed within the Right of Way; Buhuru  Some utilities (e.g. electrical poles) fall within the Right of Way; settlement roads  Land/property take to closely related residential houses that fall within the road Right of Way and, potential risk of accidents; (Plate 5-2);  No roadside drainage and, existing drains are poorly maintained, causing dampness to closely houses; Rugerero-  Flooding prone zone at Karukogo village centre, at junction to Rubavu Rubavu- sector office and near Rugerero Sector office. Collected rain water Karukogo-Byahi damages houses and agricultural lands (Plate 5-3); unplanned ponds/  Existing unplanned roadside pond/ lagoon at Karukogo village centre and lagoons Byahi are poorly maintained, with potential risks of mosquitoes development, health and accidental hazards (such as children bathing and drinking the water, Plate 5-4) and contamination to closed inhabitants; Source: Consultant, 2020 Plate 5- 1: Residential houses (a) and farmlands (b) falling within the road Right of Way Source: Consultant, 2020 80 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Plate 5- 2: Electrical poles and houses within the road Right of Way Source: Consultant, 2020 Plate 5- 3: Flooding prone zone at Karukogo village centre (a), at junction to Rubavu sector office (b), near Rugerero village centre (c). Source: Consultant, 2020 Plate 5- 4: Stagnant water ponds along Rugerero-Buhuru road where lagoons were proposed: Karukogo storm water pond (Children were swimming and bathing in the pond) (a); Stagnant storm water at Byahi (b) Source: Consultant, 2020 81 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5.1.11 Existing road conditions The current state of the existing roads is not satisfactory due to irregular and poor roads maintenance practices.  Byahi settlement roads: the road’s width has narrowed enough to efficiently accommodate vehicle traffic (Plate 5-5a). This is due to improper settlement with fences and house walls falling with the road alignment. There is a need to enlarge the road’s width, install additional pipe culverts at sections where drainage was noticeably poor, as well as significant stripping and embankment. The road is also poorly maintained and has many potholes (Plate 5-5b).  Rugerero-Buhuru road: the road is characterized by potholes and slightly deep crossing flows that has cut the road pavement (Plate 5-6). At many road sections, the drainage systems are considered as not existing at all or, where side drains and culverts exist, they are overgrown and poorly maintained road (Plate 5-6). Most pipe culverts have been washed away by storm water, while obstructed culverts cannot enable large water flow during heavy rainy season. (a) (b) Plate 5- 5: Poor road state at Byahi settlement roads with very narrow road (a) with potholes (b) Source: Consultant, 2020 82 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City (a) (b) Plate 5- 6: Poorly maintained road with potholes, encroached to houses (a) sometimes without drainages (b) along Rubavu-Buhuru road Source: Consultant, 2020 5.2 Biological Environment 5.2.1 Flora Along the proposed roads alignment and their surroundings, the prevailing pattern of farming activities has influenced wild vegetation and animal diversity. Vegetation is dominated by agro- ecosystem with bananas, maize and beans as main crops in Rubavu District. Other vegetation types are characterized by patches of Eucalyptus and herbaceous plant species. None of recorded species is globally endangered or threatened. In total, 48 different plant species were identified (Table 5-4). The species belong to 26 families and 47 genera. The most dominant families were Poaceae (22.8%) and Euphorbiaceae (11.6%), Asteraceae (8.5%), while Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Dracaenaceae and Solanaceae (6.2% each). Other families were less represented and comprised 2.2% each. A total of twenty-one (21) non-native species were recorded. Eucalyptus sps (Intusi), Alnus sps and Cypres were most common along the roads alignment. The absence of the natural vegetation cover in the project area has attracted the exotic vegetation, currently dominating the project area. 83 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 5- 4: List of plant species recorded along the proposed roads alignment No Species names Family Vernacular Plant Use/ Other information names (in life Kinyarwanda) 1 Markhamia abtusifolia Fabaceae Umusave Tree Construction 2 Grevillea robusta Proteaceae Gereveliya Tree Construction, Exotic species 3 Erythrina abyssinica Fabaceae Umuko Tree Agroforestry, NPS 4 Manguifera indica Anacardiaceae Umwembe Tree Fruit, Exotic species 5 Cypressus sp. Cupressaceae Cypres Tree Construction, Exotic species 6 Alnus sp., Betulaceae Arnusi Tree Agroforestry, Exotic species 7 Pinus patula Pinaceae Pinusi Tree Construction, Exotic species 8 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Ipera Tree Fruit, Exotic species 9 Eucalyptus maidenii Myrtaceae Intusi Tree Construction, Exotic species 10 Persea americana Lauraceae Avoka Tree Fruit, Exotic species 11 Aeschysomena Fabaceae Umunyegenyege Tree Medicinal schimperi 12 Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Ikibonobono Tree Medicinal 13 Archontophoenix sps Arecaceae Palm/ Umukindo Tree Ornamental, Exotic species 14 Annona cherimola Annonaceae Umutima Tree Fruits, Medicine, Bee Forage w’Ipfizi 15 Spathodea campanulata Bignoniaceae - Tree Construction 16 Euonymus japonica Celastraceae Indabo Shrub Ornamental, Exotic species 17 Dracaena steudnerii Dracaenaceae Umuhate Shrub - 18 Acanthus pubescens Acanthaceae Igitovu Shrub - 19 Dracaena afromontana Dracaenaceae Umuhati Shrub - 20 Euphorbia tirucalli Euphorbiaceae Umuyenzi Shrub - 21 Discopodium Sapindaceae Ikijojo Shrub Firewood, Farm tools, penninervium Fodder 22 Manihot esculenta Euphorbiaceae Umwumbati Shrub Food, Exotic species 23 Citrus aurantifolia Rutaceae Indimu Shrub Fruit, Exotic species 24 Citrus aurantium Rutaceae Ironji Shrub Fruit, Exotic species 25 Lanthana camara Verbenaceae Mabyiyakuku Shrub Exotic 26 Musa sapientum Musaceae Intoki Herb Food, 27 Agave sisalana Asparagaceae Umugwegwe Herb - 28 Solanum esculantum Solanaceae Tomate Herb Food, Exotic 29 Solanum tuberosum Solanaceae Ikirayi Herb Food, Exotic 30 Bambusa vulgaris Poaceae Umugano Herb Exotic 31 Ocimum lamiifolium Lamiaceae Umwenya Herb Medicinal 32 Bidens pilosa Asteraceae Inyabarasanya Herb Medicinal 33 Erythrococca fisheri Euphorbiaceae Umucundura Herb - 34 Zea mays Poaceae Ikigori Herb Food, Exotic species 35 Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthaceae Dodo Herb Vegetable 36 Crassocephalum Asteraceae Igifuraninda Herb Medicinal montuosum 37 Tageta minuta Asteraceae Kinuka Herb - 38 Crassocephallum sp. Asteraceae Isununu Herb - 39 Centella asiatica Apiaceae Gutwikumwe Herb - 40 Miscanthus sinensis Fabaceae Urubingo Herb Forage 41 Phaseolus vulgaris Fabaceae Ibishyimbo Herb Food, Exotic species 42 Allium cepa Amaryllidaceae Igitunguru Herb Food 84 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City No Species names Family Vernacular Plant Use/ Other information names (in life Kinyarwanda) 43 Cucurbita pepo Cucurbitaceae Igihaza Herb Food, Exotic 44 Cystopteris montana Aspleniaceae Fern/ Igishihe Herb - 45 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Umucaca Grass Forage 46 Eragrostis racemose Poaceae Umutsina Grass Forage 47 Digitaria sp Poaceae Urwiri Grass - 48 Paspalum sps Poaceae Pasparum Grass Ornamental, Exotic species NPS: Nationally Protected Species Source: Consultant, 2020 Plate 5- 7: Patches of Erythrina abyssinica (Umuko) along the road Rugerero-Buhuru, between Rugerero and Rubavu Sector Offices Source: Consultant, 2020 5.2.2 Fauna Bird species: In total, 7 different bird species were identified (Table 5-5). The species belong to 7 families and 7 genera. Each family was represented by about 14.3%. Mammals: A total of 2 different mammal species were identified (Table 5-5). The species belong to 2 families and 2 genera. Each family was represented by 50% each. Larger mammals were not observed in the area. Herpetofauna (Amphibians and Reptiles): A total of four (4) different reptile species were 85 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City identified along the project area and at the expected drainage emptying point to the Lake Kivu and Sebeya River (Table 5-5). The species belong to 3 families and 4 genera. The most dominant species were Gekkonidae (50%). Other families were less represented and comprised about 25% each. For batricians, only two (2) different batrachians species were identified (Table 5-5). A total of two (2) different fish species were identified at the expected drainage emptying point to the Lake Kivu and Sebeya River. The species belong to one family and 2 genera (Table 5-5). Invertebrate Species: Seven (7) different invertebrate species were identified (Table 5-5). The species belong to 7 families and 7 genera. Other family was represented by 14.2% each. Table 5- 5: List of Bird/Mammal/Reptile/Batracian/Invertebrate species 0 N Scientific names Family Common name/ Vernacular name IUCN Threat (in Kinyarwanda) Category Bird species 1 Hieraaetus spilogaster Accipitridae African hawk-eagle/ Agaca LC 2 Colius striatus Coliidae Speckled mousebird/ Umusure LC 3 Streptopelia Columbidae Red-eyed dove/ Inuma - semitorquata 4 Corvus albicollis Corvidae White-necked raven/ Icyiyoni LC 5 Estrilda astrild Estrildidae Wax bill/ Ifundi - 6 Ploceus sp Ploceidae Black-necked weaver/ Isandi - 7 Alethe poliophrys Turdidae Red-throated alethe - 8 Gallus domesticus Phacianidae Hen/Inkoko - Mammal species 1 Mus bufo Rodentia Western Rift Pygmy Mouse/ Imbeba - 2 Bos taurus Bovidae Cow/ Inka - 3 Capra aegagrus Bovidae Goat/ Ihene - 4 Ovis aries Bovidae Sheep/ Intama - 5 Canis familiaris Canidae Dog/ Imbwa - Fish species 1 Haplochromis Cichlidae Indugu - thereuterion 2 Tilapia rendalli Cichlidae Isamaki - Reptile species 1 Acanthocercus atricollis Gekkonidae Tree agama/ Igihangara LC 2 Gekko gecko Gekkonidae Gecko/ Igihangara - 3 Trachylepis striata Sciaenidae Striped skink/ Umuserebanya - Amphibian species 1 Bufo terrestris Bufonidae Southern toad/ Igikeri - 2 Xenopus laevis Pipidae African clawed frog/ Umutubu LC Invertebrate species 1 Lombricus terrestris Lumbricidae Umunyorogoto - 2 Achatina fulica Achatinidae Snail/ Ikinyamushongo - 3 Apis mellifera scutellata Apidae Bee/ Uruyuki - 4 Culex and Anopheles sps Culicinae Mosquito, Umubu - 86 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City N0 Scientific names Family Common name/ Vernacular name IUCN Threat (in Kinyarwanda) Category 5 Formica sps Formicidae Ant/ Ikimonyo - 6 Musca domestica Muscidae Fly/ Isazi - 7 Papilio sps Papillonidae Ikinyugunyugu - LC: Least Concern (by IUCN) Source : Consultant, 2020 5.3 Socio-economic environment 5.3.1 Population The Rubavu City has 143,019 total urban resident population and 3,195 urban sector population density (GoR-SEP, 2020), that is 35% of the total population of Rubavu District (408,000 people) (GoR-ESMF, 2020). During the socio-economic census exercise in the project area, a total of 502 households and businesses were identified (Table 5-6) The same exercise established that three (3) institutions will be affected (a health centre facility, a school and religious facilities). A breakdown of identified PAHs and businesses in terms of numbers (per village) is summarized below: Table 5- 6: Interviewed Households and Business Premises per Village. Villages Number of Project Number of project Total affected Households affected Businesses Bugesera 2 0 2 Buhaza 69 54 123 Byahi 73 24 97 Gabiro 2 0 2 Gikombe 51 16 67 Gisa 9 9 18 Mubuga 1 0 1 Murara 63 28 91 Ngugu 3 0 3 Rugerero 15 18 33 Rukoko 38 27 65 Total 326 176 502 Majority of project affected Households (22.4% and 21.2%) were from Byahi and Buhaza administrative Cells along the Rugerero-Buhuru road. Similarly, Buhaza and Murara Cells constituted majority of affected Businesses. Knowledge of the geographical spread of the PAHs and businesses was key in developing grievance resolution mechanism that was all inclusive. 87 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5.3.2 Household size and composition The project traverses in three (3) Sector (Rubavu, Rugerero and Buhaza), eleven (11) Cells and nineteen (19) Villages. A total of 326 households were interviewed with 184 of the respondents being household heads. The rest of the respondents were family members who were interviewed due to absentia of the heads during the survey exercise. More than hundred percent of the household heads interviewed were either between 20-30 years or above 50 years (Figure 5-6). Of these, more than fifty percent were persons between the ages of 20-30 years. This is an indication that more than half of the breadwinners of affected households were in active Labor force. Household Heads Gender Distribution per Age Group Figure 5- 6: Source: Field Survey, 2020 5.3.3 Project Affected Household 5.3.3.1 Characteristics of Affected Households Results from the socio-economic survey established that the average age of the project affected household members is 22 years. This is indicative of households with youthful household members. In terms of relationships, census data shows that majority of the household members are biological children (72.1%), while others were spouses (15.1%) and other relatives (7.9%) living together indicating relatively higher levels of dependence within the PAP households. In terms of education, 80.8 % of household members obtained at least or still enrolled in primary 88 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City education with slightly less than 50% of the sibling either enrolled in high school/ or have already completed. This implies that majority of household members can be considered to be literate. In terms of access to source of income, 40.2 % of PAP households had members participate in businesses and small-scale farming. Average household size is 4.7 persons per household. 5.3.3.2 Vulnerable Project Affected Persons The assessment critically assessed the various vulnerability categories to propose different kinds of assistance for the different vulnerability groups according phases of the project. The vulnerable categories include, among others:  Vulnerability based on age (elderly, youth, children, OVCs);  Vulnerability based on gender;  Vulnerability based on disability (Physical disability, hearing impairment and visual impairment);  Vulnerability associated with livelihoods;  Vulnerability based on Ill health (chronic illness, infirmity, frailness/immobility) Based on these indicators, the assessment identified only one Vulnerable PAP having probed all vulnerability indicators. Table 5-7 shows the Vulnerable PAPs identified in the project site and proposes the vulnerability mitigation measures. In addition to measures proposed for vulnerable project affected people, the contractor will ensure provision of the disability accessibility (e.g. footpaths and access with railings and handrails) along the project road to ensure access and safety to all including disabled persons. 89 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 5- 7: Vulnerable PAPs in the project area of RUDP II Phase 3 in the Rubavu City PAP Profile Road Affected Resettlement Entitlement Vulnerability Special/Supplementary Actor Monitoring Property Impacts Category Assistance and Evaluation Indicators Name: Rugerero Land and Partial Cash HH headed by Rubavu Afforded  The sons and daughter to Nkundizanye - Buhuru Crops - Expropriation compensation a woman District opportunity Rosalie Road More than (657,489.00 for the piece have priority considered for 30% of the RWF)- of land and Disabled for employment in RUDP employment Gender: Female total Land (partially crops affected. With Chronic Phase 2 to sons and Holding affected/no illness daughter  Waive construction Position: HH relocation 5% Head necessary) disturbance No income statutory fees during Waived HH Size: 3 allowance means and low reconstruction reconstruct Sector: Gisenyi living statutory fees  Priority to all other Cell: Gikombe standards. mitigation and Village: PAP was able development assistance Bambiro Elderly(above to access  Sensitization to better the age of 50 grievance understand project UPI No: years) redress Grievance redress 3/03/11/04/180 mechanism procedures and ID NO: membership of GRCs. 11954 Priority in hearing and 70020802056 determining any Tel: None grievances logged by the household Source: Consultant, 2020 1 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City In terms of religion, the majority of the PAPs households’ heads were Christians (5% protestants and 29% Catholics). Muslims accounting for 5% of the household heads. Religion has an implication for implementing compensation and resettlement activities, with Friday and Sunday being less favourable for compensation and resettlement activities. 5.3.4 Land Tenure and Project Impacts on Land Use Property owners comprised the majority of the PAPs (79%) of whom, all of them had formal land ownership documents (land certificates). Tenants formed (19%) of the respondents (Figure 5-7). The Rubavu District administration (project proponent) shall ensure all the PAPs have valid personal identification documents to facilitate compensation verification, and avoid possible delays in compensation. Figure 5- 7: Project Affected Persons Entitlement Source: Field Survey, 2020 5.3.5 Economic Activities of Project Affected Households and Household Income While the Rubavu urban poverty rate is 20.0 (GoR-SEP, 2020), the Social economic revealed that a majority of PAHs earned below 50,000 RWF per month (Figure 5-8). Very few households earned a monthly income above 350,000 RWF. Household income is a very good indicator of PAHs economic profile, especially ability to cope with resettlement impacts due to involuntary resettlement. 91 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City HouseHold Income 250_000_350_000 __350_000 150_000_250_000 Total 50_000__150_000 __50_000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Project Affected Household Income Figure 5- 8: Source: Field Survey, 2020 Most of the household income is spent on household expenditure items; food, school fees, telephone airtime, toiletry, health, scholastic material, hard energy (fuel and Electricity) and water. During implementation of the project, the Rubavu District should coordinate with the World Bank Social Safeguard team to discourage diversion of compensation payment towards consumption-based expenditure. Instead, the PAPs shall be encouraged to invest compensation awards in replacement of lost assets. 5.3.6 Sources of Income for Project Affected Households Findings of the socioeconomic studies established that PAPs had multiple sources of income. Salary and wages from employment and casual jobs, proceeds from urban farming and small-scale business ventures were the main sources of income in a majority of the households. a) Employment Income Household income from Salary and wages from formal and casual jobs was the highest source of income for majority of households consulted. Under this category, 41% of the PAPs were self- employed while another 17% had formal jobs earning a monthly salary or wages according to agreed contractual terms (Figure 5-9). A significant number of the PAPs consulted (41%) were however unemployed. 92 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City During the project implementation phase, the contractor should benefit from this high employment rate by hiring all unskilled labourers. Engagement of locals in the project would reduce influx of non-locals seeking employment thus ease project implementation and minimise or eliminate conflicts associated with infrastructure projects. HouseHold Income Unemployed 41% Self_Employed 41% Total Employed 17% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Figure 5- 9: Employment Status of the Project Affected persons Source: Field Survey, 2020 b) Agribusiness Income Farming activities are mostly limited to subsistence urban agriculture mainly food crops and food trees. Similarly, very small strips of land were set to be hived off and expropriated (mostly less than 10% of the total land holding). The project proponent shall ensure fully compensation for agricultural inputs such as seeds, seedlings, fertilizer, and physical preparation of destroyed farm land (due to clearing, levelling, creating access routes and soil stabilization) (Figure 7-1, 7-2). c) Business Income The census established that 155 of the total affected business PAPs (177) are informal traders mostly selling fresh farm produce for households while the other category of these traders are airtime vendors and those dealing in confectionery and General Grocery. Most of the women in this kind of business that were interviewed indicated that they don’t engage in the trade on a regular basis , as it depends on what is available in their farms for sell. The improvement of the roads to asphalt standards is beneficial because of anticipated human and vehicular traffic increase. 93 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 5- 10:Business Categories Source: Field Survey, 2020 5.3.7 Housing and Related Facilities According to the SEP 2020, 29.6% of the population in Rubavu City live in informal settlement. With regard to housing services, the ESMF (2020) shows that metal sheet roofed houses were 72.3%, while 27.4% were clay and 0.4% thatch. 53.2% of the houses were built with mud bricks, while 24.4% used cement to plaster the mud brick walls. 15.1% used tree trunks with mud while 3.2% used oven fired bricks. 74.2% used mud-betten flooring while 24.1% were made out of cement. The socio-economic study identified that majority of the affected residential properties (85%) were constructed using corrugated iron sheet roofing (Figure 5-11), 53.9% brick walls (Figure 5-11), 5-12 and 69% had cemented floors (Figure 5-11). Figure 5- 11: Type ofRoofing Materials for project affected persons Source: Field Survey, 2020 94 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Wall Materials Wood Mud Concrete Brick 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Figure 5- 12:Type of Materials used for Walls Source: Field Survey, 2020 Type of Materials used for Floors Figure 5- 13: Source: Field Survey, 2020. Compensation process should ensure none of the affected properties has been left behind (due to some damage such as cracks), including repair of damage or compensation at full replacement cost in cases of any identified structural instability. 95 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5.3.8 Infrastructure and Housing utilities In terms of infrastructure, the project area is dominated by earthen roads, commerce and social infrastructure such as Buhuru centre market, churches such as Byahi ADEPR, Byahi EAR, as well as education institutions such as UTB University, health centres such as Byahi and Ndengera and local government offices such as Rubavu and Rugerero Sector offices. Considering the road infrastructures, the project area is main thoroughfare used intensively by cars, motorcycles, trucks, bicycles and pedestrians circulating within the unplanned areas or entering and leaving the Rubavu City and DRC. The implementation of the RUDP II phase 3 will allow for the expansion potentialities in roads and footpaths infrastructural development. Result for field survey identified that 70% of the affected structural houses were connected to electricity while 54% had access to piped water (Figure 5-14). The upgrading of project roads as envisaged under this project is paramount to improving living conditions of the residents of the project area Rubavu City. Supporting Infrastructure Vehicular_road Electricity piped_water_vehicular road Electricity piped_water Electricity 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Access to Services and Infrastructure Figure 5- 14: Source: Field Survey 2020 5.3.9 Education Filed survey identified that male gender had the highest education levels as compared to the female. Majority of the people in the project area (42%) had attained at least basic primary education while 24% and 7% had attained secondary and tertiary level respectively (Figure 5-15). Nine (9%) of the respondents had not attained any level of education. 96 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City In this study, the level of education was one of the parameters used to determine vulnerability of PAPs for consideration for extra support. Vulnerable households (low literacy level and limited ability to qualify for employment and low income) were identified and recommended for support. During implementation of the project, a financial literacy training shall be conducted to help the beneficiary PAPs to save money and link up to local co-operatives. In addition, the illiterate and semi illiterate will need assistance to understand the contents of the report and therefore the project has set aside a budget for translating the report (the executive summary) to Kinyarwanda. Figure 5- 15:Education Level Source: Field Survey, 2020 5.3.10 Water and Sanitation Rubavu District is challenged by provision of clean and sufficient water supply for domestic use, water for agricultural and industrial uses. About 75.2% used public standpipes, while 0.4% of households were not using the nearest clean water source, claiming it was too far (GoR, ESMF, 2020). The field survey revealed that the main source of water for domestic use by a majority (84%) was piped water. However, a good number of the households (16%) still lacked access to piped water from within their plot thus depended on water vendors (Figure 5-16). The project should ensure that during relocation of water service mains, the pipelines are quickly restored, as the dependency on piped water is very high. 97 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City The water utilities relocation will involve coordination between the contractor, the Rubavu District, the Utilities Agency and representative from the Grievance Redress Committee on different phases of relocation planning and implementation. During the planning, the contractor must prepare a relocation plan, detailing the locations, types of infrastructures, and potentially affected communities. The plan will be accompanied by maps developed through a Geographic Information Systems. The inventory (plan) shall inventoriate and specify reimbursable and non-reimbursable facilities. Reimbursable facilities include those privately owned by individual households such as individual households or institutions’ connection pipes and taps. The contractor will send the report to Districts and the utilities agency (WASAC). The report will be discussed through meetings between the contractor, the district engineers and representative of Grievance Redress Committee. After the reception of the report WASAC or the District will inform the affected communities through letters or other communication (radio), small posters or public meetings. After this process, reparation of water utilities should be conducted on time to avoid the services disruption. Main Source of Water for Domestic Use Figure 5- 16: Source: Field Survey, 2020. 98 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Majority of the households (75%) utilized pit latrines as their sanitary facilities. Type of Sanitary Facilities Used by the HHs 25% Pit_latrine Septic_tanks 75% Figure 5- 17:Type of Sanitary Facilities Used by Households Field Survey, 2020. 5.3.11 Health The most prevalent diseases in the project area according to PAPs were Hypertension and Diabetes (Figure 5-18). Disability is also considered a key indicator of general health of an individual. However, from findings of the social-economic surveys, 90% of the PAPs were stable with no form of any illness or disability. For those with partial loss of hearing (hypoacusis), a sign interpreter would be used to ensure they are fully participating in all project activities. Malaria prevalence in Rubavu district is very negligible compared to national level (2.2%). For instance, it represents 0.4% among adults whereas it is 0.0% among children (NISR, 2015). With regard to COVID-19, the compilation of daily data from 1st January to 12th March 2021 from the Ministry of Health, totalised to 268 cases. The daily average number of cases is 3.77 cases. The daily recorded maximum number of cases is 12 whereas the minimum is 0 cases. It is difficult to find the number of deaths because patients in serious conditions are treated in Nyarugenge Hospital (Kigali), which is equipped with COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit). Deaths are recorded in this units. The high number of COVID-19 contaminations id due to cross-border trade and other exchanges that take place between Rubavu City (Rwanda) and Goma (Democratic Republic of Congo). During the implementation of the project, the contractor should ensure that COVID-19 protection guidelines are 99 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City stringently enforced. With the recent launch of vaccination programme, it would be better if the project starts with the vaccination of workers. Pravalent Chronic Illness by category of HH Head Father_Heade Mother_Head Hypertension 12 Hiv_Aids_Hypertension 1 ed Diabetes_Hypertension 2 Diabetes 2 Hypertension 7 Hiv_Aids 2 d Diabetes_Hypertension 1 Diabetes 3 Hypertension Child_Headed Hiv_Aids_Hypertension Hiv_Aids Diabetes_Hypertension Diabetes 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Figure 5- 18:Prevalent Chronic Ailments Source: Field Survey, 2020. 5.3.12 Gender Based Violence Although the social-economic survey did not record any case of Gender Based Violence (GBV) in the project area, it is likely that the GBV may happen during different stages of the project implementation (RAP implementation or civil works). The project implementation will strictly adhere to the GBV Action Plan prepared by the Government of Rwanda as per the Government Commitment Plan16. The plan details measures and actions to assess and manage the risks of gender- based violence (GBV) and sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA). GBV preventive measures will refer to the Rwandan Law 2 of N°59/2008 of 10/09/2008 on prevention and punishment of GBV in all project formations and particularly GRMs procedures. The contractors and sub-contractor’s workers will sign a GBV and SEA code of conduct as part of their contracts. All contractors and supervision consultant will have GBV Specialists as part of the key staff of the team. More measures against GBV are discussed in section 7.2.2.5.5. 16 http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/337781598651390841/pdf/Environmental-and-Social-Commitment- Plan-ESCP-Second-Rwanda-Urban-Development-Project-P165017.pdf 100 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 5.4 Cultural Heritage and tourism Rubavu city has many cultural and attraction sites for tourism. These include views of Kivu Lake from the lake shore and from the Rubavu hill, Nyamyumba hot springs located 9 km from Gisenyi town center. The 1918 First World War graves, known as a burial place for Belgian soldiers who died fighting against the Germans, located at 2 km from the town centre, along the main Kigali – Rubavu road. There are also a Genocide memorial and cemeteries including the Mbugangari and the Muslim cemetery all located in Rubavu city. While these sites and the rest of Rubavu City will be positively impacted by the project output through improved and efficient road transportation and easy access of people to road network, the study did not identify any project negative impact to those sites as none of them is located within or in vicinity of the project corridor. If by chance, a new cultural site is discovered within the project RoW, a chance find procedure will be implemented (see Section 7.10 and Annex 14). 5.5 Sensitive Ecosystems The most visible sensitive ecosystem in the project area is Lake Kivu. Due to volcanic hydrological network, this lake does not have a dense hydrological network of tributaries (from the project area) a part from Sebeya river. Lake Kivu plays very important economic and ecological role in the project area. In terms of economy, the lake constitutes a tourist attraction for the city due to its beach and scenery, water sport such as swimming, kayaking and motor boat sport. This lake also provides electricity to national grid through the use of methane gas. In terms of biodiversity, the lake provide habitat to fish (Ndagara species) which are of nutritional importance. Another observed sensitive ecosystem was that of Sebeya River, which is the sole Lake Kivu tributary nearby the project area. The river is threatened by siltation and level fluctuation which pose danger to human safety due to flood. This river is used for urban water supply (Gihira water supply) and hydropower production; two hydropower stations are installed along the course of this river namely Gisenyi/Gihira and Keya. With regard to conservation and aesthetic values in the project area, there are no natural forests observed in the project area. However, the revegetation of Rubavu hill by native species has provided a good scenery and refuge for birds and reptiles. Special attention shall be paid during construction to avoid soil piling and inappropriate disposal of excavated soil materials that could be washed to 101 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City the Lake during rain periods. On the other hand, the Umuko (Erythrina abyssinica) tree was identified along Rugerero-Buhuru road section (abundant between Rubavu and Rugerero Sector offices) and Byahi road settlement. The tree is native to Rwanda and has been playing a big role in Rwandan culture and rituals. The cutting of the tree will be avoided. Otherwise, the contractor and project developer should work hand in hand to comply with article 4 of the Ministerial Order N°007/2008 of 15/08/2008 establishing the list of protected animals and plant species in Rwanda. During field survey, least concern species by IUCN has been also observed. These are bird species such as Hieraaetus spilogaster (Agaca), Corvus albicollis (Icyiyoni) and Colius striatus (Umusure), as well as an amphibian Xenopus laevis (Umutubu). The animals have been evaluated by IUCN but not assigned any conservation status. They do not qualify as threatened, near threatened or conservation dependent. However, disturbance of their habitats as a result of the proposed project activities may lead to their migration, death or extinction. These bird species survive in modified habitat dominated by urban settlements, agricultural land, Rubavu Mountain Forest (planted recently), agricultural shores of lack Kivu and Sebeya River. 102 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 5- 19: Location of Nationally protected species in Rubavu City project area Source: Consultant, 2020 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES The feasibility study and the ESIA considered the analysis of alternatives to ensure that the best among all possible options is selected. The analysis entailed identifying alternative forms of development and considering the environmental and social implications of these alternatives to demonstrate that the proposed scheme is environmentally preferable. The process involved consultation with community and various stakeholders where different suggestions and solutions were proposed for upgrading the roads and standalones/ drains. 6.1 Zero Scenario The option of doing nothing was considered, i.e.: no construction of the roads and drains against the upgrade of existing roads and construction of drains. A number of positive impacts would be missed if this option is taken. Positive impacts include job opportunities, increased incomes as well as provision of easy access to road networks, easy transportation of persons and goods. The do nothing option would seem an irresponsible move towards sustainable development and was therefore rejected. The do nothing option is the least preferred from the socio-economic, cultural, and partly environmental perspective due to the following factors:  The socio-economic status of the beneficiaries and the residents in the project area of the Rubavu City would remain unchanged;  The local skills would remain under-utilized as no employment opportunities will be created for some Rwandese who would have otherwise worked at the project areas;  Reduced local interaction and business development due to lack of roads infrastructure;  Soil erosion and environmental deterioration due to lack of proper drainages. From the analysis above, it becomes apparent that the “do nothing option” is the worst option to the local people, the government of Rwanda and region as a whole. 6.2 Alternative Roads and Drains location There were various alternatives for roads and drainages in the Rubavu City. The City applied a number of criteria to come up with the roads and drainages based on the objective of improving the living conditions of the people. The roads and drainages were selected to serve a wide coverage of the study area and, were ranked highly by the community as a priority economic activity. The project is expected to provide a link between various public facilities that are within and outside the study area. It is anticipated that the project will have positive economic development impacts 104 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City and, will also consider the socio-cultural aspects of the community and its cost implication. 6.3 Road width design The proposed roads width in the Rubavu City took into consideration whether or not the planned roads fall within the existing road boundaries, including the road reserves and will thus not require considerable expropriation cost or will not involve the destruction of natural habitats, including existing vegetation and trees. The proposed roads also considered the carriage way, green space, cycle lane, pedestrian walk-ways and street lights. In this respect, various road widths options (6.00m width roadway) were considered:  Option 1 (Figure 2-3): Two-way roadway street with cycle lane on one side, walkway on both sides, side drains on both sides with covered slabs acting as walkway, street lighting and provisions for utility services (1 meter on each side); right-of-way width 14.00m.  Option 2 (Figure 2-2): Two-way Roadway Street with cycle lane, greening and walkway on both sides, complete with drain, street lighting and provisions for utility services; right- of-way width 13.80m.  Option 3 (Figure 2-4): Two-way Roadway Street with walkway, greening on both sides, cycle lane on one side, complete with drain, street lighting and provisions for utility survives; right-of-way width 11.20m. Option 2 and 3 were selected. Regardless the medium expropriation cost for the road Rugerero- Buhuru, option 2 was selected as the road is considered as main diversion for the NR 2 road (Kigali- Musanze-Rubavu) in Rubavu City. On the other hand, option 3 has the lowest social displacement impacts, low expropriation cost and low impacts on the environment. The option is the most favorable in very congested informal resettlement of the project area (in Byahi settlement), as it minimizes land take and displacement of people (27 households for Byahi 2). 6.4 Design for the drainages The key considered alternative in the design of the drainage was whether to have open or covered drains. On most drains that are running along the road sides, the covered design option was preferred and this was based on the need to have the drainage systems double as pedestrian walkways without reducing the road width to create separate drainage and walkways. 6.5 Design for the drainage pond/ lagoon The first option was that of draining the storm rainwater into roadside vegetated spaces or within 105 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City existing unplanned drainage pond/ lagoon (such as the Karukogo lagoon). This option was not selected as heavy storm rainwater would overpass the road surfaces, flood and damp dwelling houses or damage crops. This alternative could also lead to community complaints/grievances during operational phase of the road. An option of creating modern and efficient roadside lagoons was considered at different road points that do not allow natural drainage design. The lagoons shall be well designed to hold the heaviest storm rain water and, be protected from people/children or animal reach. This option was selected as the lagoon will be large and deep enough and, constructed with durable materials with a fence to avoid accidental fall in or submersion of people or animals. Operation and Maintenance of the drainage Basic operations and maintenance needs to be performed to ensure proper functioning and a long system life. These include: Proper handling of screenings:  Roadside rain water should always be allowed to pass through screens at the inlet. No screenings should be allowed to enter the ponds;  Collected screenings should not be left on the ponds banks, as they may be blown into the ponds again;  Floating screenings can be collected using a rake and/or a scooping net (i.e. a pool scoop); Public safety:  The ponds sites should be fenced and the gate kept closed. A 2m high razer mesh type of fence is recommended as vandalism may occur;  Animals and unauthorized people should be kept out of the ponds site;  No animals should be deliberately kept on-site for grazing and drinking;  Put up “No entry” signs on the fence or gate; Rainwater reuse: the rainwater from ponds has considerable benefit to farmers during the dry seasons. The water can be reused for (1) vegetable and fruit growing in Akarima k’igikoni; (2) making adobe bricks as local construction materials. 6.6 Construction technology and materials There were different alternative materials such as lateritic, sand, grave, stone or asphalt that shall be used while upgrading the project roads, drainages and lagoons. While earthen roads are cheaper, 106 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City they are less durable. The use of stone is increasingly being opposed due to damages incurred to vehicles. The option of using asphaltic materials that provides a spacious surface, adequately stable due to its adequate strength structure and durability was selected. It is worth noting that construction using durable materials like asphalt is the priority of the government of Rwanda. The roads will be constructed using national and internationally accredited materials (e.g. stones, gravels, sand, cement, steel and bitumen) to comply with technical/security, public health/safety and environmental aesthetic requirements. Equipment and technologies that save resources and energy will be given first priority without compromising on cost or availability factors. This project will also use water. Rainwater should be harvested and be used in construction activities and supply to construction camps for flushing toilets and other non-domestic activities. Heavy use of timber shall be discouraged to minimize destruction of natural resources. The exotic tree species should be preferred to indigenous species in the rehabilitation where need will arise as they can be replanted with ease. Crushers and other construction equipment and machineries shall be incorporated with pollution control devices like dust arrestors/precipitators, emission control, noise abatement devices and desulfurization devices. The equipment and vehicles with the highest levels of combustion efficiency and with capability to use cleaner fuels like bio-diesel shall be used for enhanced safety features and regularly inspected. 6.7 Waste management options 6.7.1 Human excreta There were a wide range of sanitation systems to be considered for handling and treating wastes to be generated by the project workers during the construction phase. Sanitation systems to handle human excreta include pit latrines, VIP Latrines, ECOSAN Latrines and flushing toilets. Based on local context (temporal activities), temporal pit latrines or portable latrines are considered the best sanitary systems to be installed at campsites and other temporarily working sites. During the operational phase, pit or portable latrines should be located at strategic points like centres or bus stops to serve the road users. However, special attention should be paid to not locate them nearby water bodies (Lake Kivu and Sebeya River) or in areas within the storm water course. Otherwise portable toilets will be considered. 107 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 6.7.2 Solid Waste Management Alternatives A lot of solid wastes will be generated by the proposed project. During construction, wastes to be generated include excavated material and construction debris. We recommend reducing waste production as much as possible and by reusing/recycling generated wastes. The remaining will be disposed in approved and recognized dumpsites. The dumpsites should be located in low value land with low lying landscape, away from water bodies. During the operational phase, a wide range of wastes are expected to be produced by road users all along the road length. Those wastes include biodegradable, less biodegradable, plastics, metals, glasses, ceramics, chemicals (oil, grease, drugs, etc) and e-wastes. The Rubavu City should avail solid waste bins at different road centres and the producer should be educated on placing garbage in waste bins with clear labels (biodegradable, less biodegradable, plastics, metals, glasses, ceramics, chemicals (drugs) and e-wastes (Figure 6-1). Each class of wastes shall be appropriately managed using The Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) approach. This approach takes an overall approach to creating sustainable systems that are economically affordable, socially acceptable and environmentally effective. To be effective, the Rubavu City should conduct campaigns on ISWM. The approach is summarized in Figure 6-2. The first priority will be given to waste reduction from the source. Recycling, reuse and composting of the waste will be the second alternative in priority. This will call for a source separation program to be put in place. The waste will be sold to waste buyers within the project area or be collected by a private waste management company. The third priority in the hierarchy of options is combustion with energy recovering and low emissions. Finally, sanitary land filling will be the last option for the proponent in areas provided with the facilities. Figure 6- 1: Proposed solid waste bins with different colour Source: https://www.123rf.com/photo_6701345_big-containers-for-recycling-waste-sorting-plastic-glass- metal-paper.html, 2020. 108 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Prevention techniques shall be applied by the contractors as the 4Rs: reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery. Special attention will be paid to e-wastes (telephone, computer, etc), pharmaceutical and chemical products. These will be collected separately and kept aside for advanced processing to be ordered by REMA or other competent institutions. Figure 6- 2: Principles of waste management Source: https://www.recyclespot.org/Get-Started/Why-Recycle.aspx, 2020. 6.7.3 Dumpsites, Quarries and Borrow pits Nengo dumpsites was considered to be used as disposal sites for cut and excavated earth material from RUDP II in Rubavu. The contractors shall conduct site investigations all around the sub- projects to ensure these sites have the required capacity to handle all earth material. Otherwise, the contractor will look for new dumpsites. Selected dumpsites will not be located near Lake Kivu or Sebeya River or any storm water runway. Preferably they will be located in areas of depression and of low land use value, where they cannot be washed into downstream ecosystems. Wherever possible, spoiled materials can be placed in low-lying parts of the topography or be used for filling exaction holes or road potholes and should be appropriately compacted. Existing borrow pits along the route will be used if any. New borrow pits (e.g. stone, gravel exploitation) may have to be established where existing borrow pit material is not suitable or 109 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City enough. Prior to commencement of use of the borrow pits, dumping sites and quarries an environmental and social management plan shall be prepared and approved by the Rubavu District and LODA and, a rehabilitation plan shall also be prepared and implemented after completion of construction works. As good environmental practices, it is proposed that existing borrow pits, quarries and dumping sites are given priority. 6.8 Selected Options The concept of alternatives aims at ensuring that the best among all possible options is selected. For this purpose, a multi-criteria analysis was used to select the preferred alternatives in terms of road width, construction technology (asphalt, chip seal, murrum), drain exit extension or not to the storm water recipient, options for sanitation & waste management and rehabilitation of dumpsite & campsites; with regard to their impacts on people (displacement impact), cost (affordability), transport efficiency, Health and Safety to road users and local people and Environmental impacts on land, water, Air Quality (Table 6-1). The multi-criteria analysis considered a four weight level (0: No impacts, +1: low impact, +2: medium impact, +3: high impact) for both positive (+) and negative effects (-). The outcomes from the analysis are showed in Table 6-1. Alternatives highlighted in green can be adopted while those in red have been rejected. Alternatives highlighted in green can be adopted (they have lower social disturbance and environmental impacts) while those in red have been rejected. Therefore, this study recommends any of the road cross section provided the right of way is available. It is highly recommended to (1) cover drains, (2) extend them to the storm water recipient; (3) rehabilitation & greening of the road buffer zone, borrow sites, dumpsites, quarries; and (4) to implement best practices in waste management involving sorting, disposal of wastes use of mobile toilets. It is worth noting that although the analysis rejected option 1 (14 m), this option will be implemented at Rugerero-Byahi Road (typical semi urban area) where land acquisition is not very expensive and to fulfil the road width requirements for heavy tracks and long trailers. 110 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 6- 1: Comparison of the RUDP II Phase 3 alternatives using a four (4) level rating criteria 0: No impacts, +1: low positive impact, +2: medium positive impact, +3: high positive impact, -1: low negative impact, -2: medium negative impact, -3: high negative impact Environment& PAPs Construction Connection Health & Safety Environmental Sustainability Cumulative Decision Social Displacement cost impacts to road to users and footprint rating Factors impacts (affordability) network local people Project alternatives Zero Scenario 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 Rejected Road Option 1 (14.00 m RoW) -3 -3 +3 +3 -3 +3 +0 Rejected Road Option 2 (13.80m RoW) -3 -3 +3 +3 -2 +3 +1 Adopted Road Option 3 (11.20 m RoW) -2 -2 +3 +2 -1 +2 +2 Adopted Murrum option 0 -1 +1 0 0 0 0 Rejected Chip seal option 0 -2 +2 +2 -1 +2 +3 Adopted Asphalt option 0 -3 +3 +2 -1 +3 +4 Adopted Drain exits not extended to the 0 +1 0 -3 -3 -3 -8 Rejected recipient Drain exits extended to the recipient -1 -1 0 +3 +3 +3 +7 Adopted Non-covered drains -3 -3 +3 +3 -3 +3 0 Rejected Covered drains -2 -2 +3 +3 +3 +3 +7 Adopted Collected roadside rainwater into -3 0 -1 -3 -2 -2 +1 Rejected unplanned pond/ lagoon Collected roadside rainwater into -1 -1 +2 +3 -1 +2 +2 Adopted planned/ modern pond/ lagoon Rehabilitation & greening of the road 0 -1 0 +1 +3 +3 +6 Adopted buffer zone, borrow sites, dumpsites, quarries No rehabilitation & greening of the -1 +1 0 -1 -3 -3 -7 Rejected road buffer zone, borrow sites, dumpsites, quarries Best practices in Waste management 0 -1 0 +3 +3 +3 +8 Adopted involving sorting, disposal of wastes use of mobile toilets Inefficient practices in waste 0 +1 0 -3 -3 -3 -8 Rejected management without waste sorting & disposal nor use of mobile toilets Source: Consultant, 2020 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT 7.1 Introduction This chapter presents the potential positive and negative impacts and risks that will be associated with the implementation of the RUDP II Phase 3 Project roads in Rubavu Secondary City. The analysis of impacts will be related to activities carried out during:  Construction phase; ● Operational phase; ● Maintenance phase; ● Decommissioning of the facilities such as construction camps, equipment and materials used for construction, operation and maintenance of the roads. The impact during each project life cycle phase can be categorized into: impact on biophysical environment, socio-economic environment and health and safety impacts. 7.2 Project impacts The project activities will have potential positive and negative impacts and risks on the biophysical environment (air, water, aquatic and terrestrial ecology, soil) and on socio-economic and cultural environment (land use, finance, employment, hazard and health, security, etc.). 7.2.1 Positive impacts during construction 7.2.1.1 Road safety impacts 7.2.1.1.1 Improved roads safety in the project area The upgrading of the roads will increase their width to allow two passage carriage ways and pedestrian walkway. Housing standards will be increased and informal houses, which are safe haven for bandits reduced. Side road drains will be equipped with concrete block access bridges to homes and businesses. The provision of the public lights along the roads will increase human safety in the unplanned settlement. Home owners will be also sensitized to avoid dumping litter and other waste in the drains and this will reduce pollution and spread of diseases. Enhancement measures The Rubavu District and LODA shall:  Implement traffic management at construction sites to enhance traffic flow and safety and public road safety awareness activities along roadside communities; 112 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ● Place traffic signs at all necessary sites in the construction area to reduce traffic congestion and safety problem associated with haulage of materials; ● Set up a grievance mechanism. 7.2.1.1.2 Impact on safety and security in the project area The upgrading of roads will increase their width to allow two passage carriage ways (for the roads) and walkways. Side drains with concrete block will constitute access bridges to homes and businesses. The provision of the public lights along the roads will increase human safety and decreases the theft in the unplanned settlements. In addition, the upgrading of the roads will increase housing standards and business standards. Home owners will be also sensitized to avoid dumping litter and other waste in the drains and this will reduce pollution and spread of diseases. Enhancement measures The contractor shall: ● Respect the design criteria to put in place measures that would enhance road safety like: provision of sealed shoulders, improved road signs and markings and speed humps; ● Put in place proper traffic signs at all necessary sites in the construction area to reduce traffic congestion and safety problem associated with haulage of materials and the construction works. 7.2.1.1.1.3 Access to homes and services Settlements in project areas have infrastructures and services. However, due to the poor status of the roads, it takes time to residents to have access to hospital, clinics and markets, and banks. There will be improvement in the living conditions of people specifically women by improving access to home, health facilities, schools, churches, workshops and other services. 7.2.1.1.1.4 Impact on pedestrian traffic The most important consequence of the construction of the roads is improvement of travel conditions, especially in terms of safety and comfort for pedestrians is the construction of NMTs and walkways. The construction will also facilitate travel during rainy seasons blocked by the formation of mud and ruts largely due to the passage of heavy vehicle. In addition, the construction 113 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City of streetlight will ensure the safety of pedestrian and their belonging since the visibility will scare away thugs or gangsters. The establishment of road signs and other traffic safety signs will protect pedestrian from accidents. 7.2.1.1.1.5 Reduced maintenance and fuel Consumption costs of vehicles It is estimated that during the roads operation, there will be significant total gasoline consumption reduction by cars and motorcycles. Similarly, the number of car damages will be reduced, thereby reducing operational and maintenance costs of vehicles. 7.2.1.2 Improved drainage and its environmental benefits The improved road sides and exit drainage system and, reconstruction of culverts will reduce erosion rate, disaster and non-sanitary condition and erosion related disasters such as flooding in downstream areas, and properties destruction, and safety. The asphalting of the roads will reduce dust emission from existing road especially during the dry season where passing vehicles raise the dust that spread in residential areas and spoils roofs, clothes and food and thus causing respiratory disease. Construction, lining, covering of drains and construction of stilling basin will reduce health risks related to malaria, waterborne disease and odour from stagnant water. In addition, better storm water management will contribute to biodiversity protection. Enhancement measures The contractor shall: ● Ensure drainage systems have scour checks; ● Ensure drainage systems are covered with concrete blocks; ● Ensure drains are extended to the receiving waters ● Construct sediments, silt and litter trapping infrastructure at the exit of the drains to avoid sediments spreading the receiving water (e.g. at Sebeya River or Lake Kivu); ● Establish permanent roads and drain cleaning especially along inlets; ● Establish an efficient system of waste collection and management; The Rubavu District shall ● Regularly monitor solid and waste water management to avoid illegal discharge in the new constructed drain; 114 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2.1.3 Socio economic improvement The project will improve the social and economic status of people living in Rubavu City by opening up the settlements to the other areas for investments and facilitating the people access to employment sites such as schools and universities, health centres and a wide range of social services including churches, markets, lodges, education and local administrative premises of the city. Employment and income opportunities, improved delivery of goods and services will also be increased. The road projects will facilitate poverty alleviation. Thus, the direct impact on land loss will be counterbalanced by the benefits of the upgraded roads and associated drainages and lagoons. 7.2.1.3.1 Improved income generation and livelihoods The positive impact during the construction phase is the creation of direct and indirect jobs as works will be performed by local or regional companies (supplies and supply of materials, etc.). The improved roads infrastructure in and the investment expenditure injected into the local economy via for example salaries and wages and raw material purchase, will both have a multiplying effect from which additional jobs and incomes will be generated. The project will contribution to increase in value of land and properties and this will be additional income to the communities that will be invested in the other businesses. Enhancement measures The Contractor shall: ● Give preference to local people for casual laborers. Officials from cells and villages of the road corridor may be involved in recruitment processes basing on Ubudehe categorization. LODA shall:  Make contractual obligation for the road contractor to hire a specific percentage of women;  Make a contractual obligation for the road contractor not to hire children for any work to be performed within the campsite or on the site. 7.2.1.3.2 Improved well-being and increased business opportunities The improvement and development of means of communication, urban development and live ability are essential for development. The upgrading of the roads in the Rubavu City will actively contribute to: 115 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ● Opening up settlements areas to new investments in housing and businesses and other infrastructures such as schools, markets, workshops, churches, workshops, public halls; ● Initiate the development of trade across the settlements; ● Opening up and upgrading of informal areas with an untapped potential of the Rubavu City to benefits of businesses and housing; ● Improve the economic conditions and the wellbeing of populations and health and hygiene and sanitation of population in the area; ● Improving traffic conditions, the safety and security of users of the roads and reduce travel time and transport and repairing costs; ● Increase the value of construction land and properties (rent and sale values). 7.2.1.3.3 Promote and Attract New Investments The project is likely to promote and attract businesses and investments along the upgraded roads due to the improvement and reliability transport services which are comparatively cost effective. Shopping and business opportunities are likely to increase all along the upgraded roads. 7.2.1.3.4 Increased Land Value In the long-term, land values along the upgraded roads will gradually increase as a result of successful operation of the project. 7.2.1.3.5 Increase of tourism The implementation of RUDP II phase 3 will increase the attraction to touristic destinations across the Rubavu District (see touristic places in Section 5-4). 7.2.2 Negative impacts during construction period Potential environmental impacts associated with the project area and construction works include: loss of land and assets, soil erosion and compaction, sedimentation of rivers, contamination of soil and water sources, disruption of surface and sub-surface drainage patterns, changes to soil moisture and fertility, edge effect on plants adjacent to cleared areas, deposition of airborne road dust and 116 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City airborne emissions from vehicles and construction equipment, accidental fires, loss and/or conversion of wildlife habitat, proliferation of invasive plants, disturbance to heritage resources, salvage and disposal of timber, noise and aesthetics (Table 7-1). The proposed sub-project will be primarily confined to public land (the existing Right-of-Way (ROW) but on some area it will require the widening of the existing ROW. This will lead to land take or damage of land and other properties thereon (residential houses, churches, schools, transmission line, water supply, trees and crops). This will also cause disruption of existing environment and social set up and direct economic loss for asset losers and their families in the process. The main adverse impacts as identified during such discussion include:  Loss of agricultural, residential and business properties such as land and houses;  Loss of trees, garden and crops and other natural resources;  Disruption of public utilities and common property resources i.e. water supplies, drinking water tap points, water tanks, power lines and churches respectively;  Disruption of infrastructure facilities such as schools, electricity and communication installations;  Traffic and access to home and public utilities (schools, health centre, churches, etc.).  Impacts associated with materials sourcing areas such as quarries;  Increase in pollution from sites preparation, campsite sitting, dumpsites, material sources, water drainage, increased erosion and sediments, hazardous materials;  Air quality deterioration, Noise and vibration pollution;  Impacts on the cultural and religious values;  Occupational health and safety risks (HIV, GBV, prostitution, drug abuse, Covid-19, etc.); 117 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 7- 1: Impacts of the RUDP II phase 3 project activities Impact on Earth works Laying of Vehicle & Concrete & Sanitation & Project Improper including pavement machine operation crusher and waste operation disposal of quarrying & maintenance asphalt plants (construction liquid and and fueling camps) solid waste Air Dust Dust PM, COx, NOx, Dust, PM, Odor / smoke PMs, COx, SOx, smoke NOx, Sox Dust Odor, smoke Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise Noise pollution and and pollution pollution vibration vibration Water Erosion, Contamination Contamination by Contamination Contamination Contamination by Turbid water, siltation, from hydrocarbons and by concrete, (BOD, COD, hydrocarbons & Siltation of asphalt plant heavy metals aggregates and Fecal heavy metals water (hydrocarbons hydrocarbons & pathogens) & heavy heavy metals metals) Soil Erosion, Contamination by Contamination Contamination Possible soil landslide hydrocarbons and by hydrocarbons (Fecal contamination heavy metals and heavy metals pathogens) Vegetation Loss of Degradation of Lower Tree cutting Toxicity of and local of fauna and Flora and fauna productivity vegetation fauna flora use as fuel wood Local Disturbance Disturbance Disturbance Diseases, Poaching and Collision with community (properties, conflict health & social traffic traffic, etc) incidents Worker’s Increase of Asphalt Collisions with Impact on Impact on Increase in Collisions with health and stagnant odor and dust vehicles, Accidental health due to health due to communicable pedestrians safety water and injury/death inhalation of inhalation of diseases disease dust dust ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2.2.1 Impacts on land and properties Impacts on agricultural land, crops and properties are one of the most serious impacts of the planned roads reconstruction project. Widening and extension of access trucks will traverse semi- urban area of the project area. Any crops alongside the roads will be cleared, while houses within the road right of way will be demolished during roads widening and construction works. Houses along the part roads that will undergo re-construction may also develop cracks from vibrations caused by the construction works. 7.2.2.1.1 Project affected People and Properties This project will affect 22 formal business, 293 residential buildings, 76 agricultural land and 3 institutional facilities. More details about categories, distribution and location of affected properties are shown in Table 7-1, Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2. Table 7- 2: Summary of PAPs Identified along the Project Sections Project Formal Residential Agricultural Institutional Partial Fully Land Land and subcomponent Business Affected affected and Structures Crops Rugerero- 19 174 47 1 239 2 171 115 Buhuru road Byahi Roads Group 1 Byahi 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Byahi 2 2 27 13 42 0 32 27 Byahi Roads Group 2 Byahi 3 0 0 7 0 7 0 Byahi 4 0 2 1 0 3 0 1 6 Byahi 9 0 8 0 0 8 0 6 4 Byahi 10 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 Byahi 11 0 6 1 0 7 0 2 5 Byahi 12 1 53 6 2 60 2 24 49 Byahi 14 0 3 0 0 2 0 1 3 Byahi 16. 0 4 0 0 4 0 4 2 Byahi 17 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 1 Byahi 18 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 Byahi 19 0 5 1 6 0 4 3 Byahi 20 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Drain 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 22 293 76 3 390 4 254 221 Source: Fieldwork, 2020 119 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Formal Businesses: A total of 22 formal businesses affected, 19 of which were affected along Rugerero-Buhuru road with 2 and 1 affected along Byahi 2 and Byahi 12 respectively; Informal Businesses: A total of 155 informal business owners (34 with semi-permanent structures) are affected (access, trading area and/or structure) by the project implementation road (Table 7-1). Residential Properties: A total of 293 residential asset owners (land, fences and structures) are affected by the project implementation, 174 of which are located along Rugerero-Buhuru road, 28 along Byahi Group 1 Roads and 92 along Byahi Group 2 (Table 7-1); Agricultural Properties: A total of 76 Agricultural properties (land/land and crops) are affected by the project implementation, 47 of which are located along Rugerero-Buhuru road, 13 along Byahi Group 1 Roads and 16 along Byahi Group 2 (Table 7-1); Public Sector Utilities/Assets: Only three institutions, one health centre, one education facility and one religious institution (church), are affected by the implementation project subcomponents one located along Rugerero-Buhuru road and the other two along Byahi 12. Affected Properties: Land Only: The land parcels with land as the only asset earmarked for expropriation are as shown in Figure 7-1 overleaf. In terms of frequencies affected, 140 out of 394 parcels affected have only land as the only affected asset. Land Parcels with Crops: The spatial location of land parcels earmarked for expropriation with land and crops as the only assets to be foregone due to for expropriation are as shown in Figure 7-2. As shown on the spatial map, 254 of the 394 parcels fall under this category. Land Parcels with Buildings: The location of land parcels with land and structures (House and/or boundary wall etc) as the only properties earmarked for expropriation are as shown in Figure 7-1 and 7-2. 120 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 7- 1: Land parcels with/ without crops along the Byahi settlements road (example of crops: beans, maize, tomatoes, onion) Source: Consultant, 2020 121 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Figure 7- 2: Land parcels with/ without crops along the Rugerero-Buhuru road (example of crops: beans, maize, banana, cassava, avocado) Source: Consultant, 2020 122 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Mitigation measures Rubavu District and LODA shall implement the resettlement measures detailed in RAP which include:  Undertaking field surveys to identify and record the status of buildings and properties that can be affected by the ground induced vibration from the project activities;  Assess damages to properties and determine the extent of the damage whether it is repairable or a new property if required all together;  Undertake a temporary measure of giving temporary shelter to the affected family as valuation is on-going, if the property is adversely affected that it’s not usable.  Implementing the population resettlement plan in consultation with the effected persons, the services of the districts and the Ministry of Local Government;  Early identification of entitlement for compensation planning of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan to compensate the losses;  Project affected persons (PAPs) are compensated according to the official compensation rates. The acquisition of the land and private properties will be carried out in accordance with Rwanda Expropriation law for public interests, World Bank ESS 5;  Displaced persons are compensated before their actual moving and start of construction activities;  Compensation for expropriated population is done in accordance with the Land Law No.43/2013 of 16/06/2015 and the expropriation law (32/2015 of 11/06/2015 and WB ESS 5 (Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement). 7.2.2.2 Environmental impacts 7.2.2.2.1 Clearance of vegetation It is expected that vegetation will be cleared during roads widening at most of all the project roads sections. Roads widening will lead to disruption of small animal’s ecosystems, death of animals among others. Mitigation measures The contractor shall: 123 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Ensure that clearance of vegetation during road widening remains within footprint of the project development;  Avoid unnecessary destruction of the surrounding vegetation, and ensure reforestation of cleared or degraded sites by indigenous species;  Before cutting any trees, count them and show them to the District forestry/environmental officer and the project Environmental and Social Risk Management Specialist for assessment and approval;  For every cut tree, replace it by planting 3 trees (native species);  Preserve (or stockpile) excavated topsoil for future site restoration procedures;  Plant trees in the road reserve and ensure cut trees are replanted elsewhere to improve the green of the site and its environment;  Locate borrow pits in less vegetated areas, far from water bodies, and rehabilitate borrow pits after road work activities;  Appropriately dump the earth material taking into consideration the site future use (e.g. playground or green space). 7.2.2.2.2 Disruption of protected plants and animal habitats The proposed roads project activities will pass nearby natural habitats for some plants or animals of national and international importance (Table 7-2). Disturbance of their habitat or displacement of the species is expected during construction period, given that the construction activities will be short-term in nature, moving from one end of the road to the other. Table 7- 3: Location of the protected Plants and Animals species Species Status Location GPS location: X / W/ Z (in m) Plant species Erythrina abyssinica NPS At Rugerero road rainwater drain outlet to 0755335/ 9812844/ 1643m (Umuko) Sebeya River; Along the project road, between Rugerero 0755118/ 9813660/ 1642m and Rubavu Sector Offices; 0755081/ 9813752/ 1653m 0754958/ 9813840/ 1649m 0754758/ 9813988/ 1647m 124 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Species Status Location GPS location: X / W/ Z (in m) At Paroisse EAR Byahi (in Dufatanye 0752001/ 9815980/ 1569m Village, Buhaza Cell, Rubavu Sector) 0752278/ 9816386/ 1612m 0752373/ 9816400/ 1619m Bird species Hieraaetus LC Dufatanye Village, Buhaza Cell, Rubavu 0755118/ 9813660/ 1642m spilogaster Sector; (African hawk-eagle/ Agaca) Colius striatus LC Along the project road, between Rugerero 0752278/ 9816386/ 1612m (Speckled mousebird/ and Rubavu Sector Offices; Umusure) Corvus albicollis LC At Paroisse EAR Byahi; 0752001/ 9815980/ 1569m (Icyiyoni) Reptile species Acanthocercus LC At UTB University 0752002/ 9816294/ 1611m atricollis (Tree agama/ Igihangara) Amphibian species Xenopus laevis LC Karukogo unplanned roadside pond 0752721/ 9816360/1616m (African clawed frog/ Umutubu NPS: Nationally Protected Species LC: Least Concern by IUCN Source: Consultant, 2020 However, it has been observed that the trees occupy already degraded lands by crops and livestock farming activities. The trees are not located within their pristine habitats; instead, they set limits from one farm plots to another and thus, do not have significant cultural values and rituals for the local people. Mitigation Measures: The contractor shall:  Where these species cannot be avoided, they will be relocated to other suitable locations that will not be disturbed, under the supervision of qualified specialists from RDB;  Revegetation will incorporate native/ indigenous trees and shrubs of local provenance and aim to maintain, enhance and/ or restore habitat connectivity; 125 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Where possible, areas to be cleared will be worked from one side to another, or from the centre out, to prevent animals becoming trapped;  Avoid wherever possible the habitats used by animal species with conservation interest. Areas used for breeding, nesting, feeding, migration and congregation shall be demarcated and clearly signposted. Access to these areas is prohibited. 7.2.2.2.3 Impact on degraded natural habitats to the protected animals The proposed roads construction activities may affect natural habitats to plants and animals. Destruction to these habitats may lead to migration of animal species, lack of food and nest. Restoration of the habitats can be accomplished by passive or active means or combination of both. Passive restoration enhances natural restoration processes, while active restoration involves planting seeds/saplings and taking care of them to avoid predators and disturbances.  Passive restoration measures create conditions for natural regeneration such as limit grazing practices by banning, fencing, placing safety nets or other protective means around the stems of the tree species;  remove invasive species or competitive vegetation by cutting or breaking undesired species; create conditions for periodic watering;  taking actions to prevent wild animals grazing in the afforested areas. Active restoration measures (best option)  remove any sprouts and invasive plants that can compete the growth of the afforested plants;  preserve selected indigenous plant seedlings and saplings to the habitat;  take action to prevent wild animals grazing by fencing, placing safety nets around each seedling, sapling, etc.  maintain a favorable water balance (in dry periods of June–August, January-Mach);  undertake aftercare felling (letting the light in) until the stands develop a good canopy. 7.2.2.2.4 Impacts generated by improper extraction of materials from quarries and borrow pits and dumping activities Sand, gravel, crushed stone and sand stones are needed for the road base and concrete structures. 126 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Potential quarries and borrow pit sites exist nearby the Rubavu City. However, final sites will be determined based on a closer comparison of environmental and social impacts. These impacts generated at these sites include visual intrusion because of the landscape change, noise (and its associated impacts on wildlife and people), sedimentation (and associated impacts on water quality) and impacts associated with the transport of material to worksite. Mitigation measures Contractor shall:  Prepare and get the approval of the management and rehabilitation plan for the borrow pits and dumpsites;  Avoid disposing wastes in wetlands and waterways.  Careful plan sequential exploitation of quarries and borrow pits allowing the exhausted section of the quarry to be reinstated, while starting the exploitation of a new section.  Stockpile the top soil to be used re-vegetation. Re-vegetation shall be done with the previously existing vegetation;  Rehabilitate the borrow pits and dumpsites to the satisfaction of the supervising firm, district and LODA environmentalists, and in conformity of the agreed environmental mitigation plan. 7.2.2.2.5 Extraction and use of materials Roads and drainages construction materials such as stones, gravel, sand and water will be required for the construction activities and will be obtained from quarries, rivers and land. Since substantial quantities of these materials will be required for the construction of road, the availability and sustainability of such resources at the extraction sites will be negatively affected, as they are not renewable in the short term. In addition, the sites from which the materials will be extracted may be affected in several ways including landscape changes, risk of displacement of people, animals and vegetation, poor visual quality and opening of depressions on the surface leading to destruction of agricultural crops, injuries to human and animal. 127 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Mitigation measures The contractor shall ensure that new extraction sites:  Are not located in the vicinity of settlement areas, cultural sites, water resources or any other valued ecosystem component, or on high or steep ground or in areas of high scenic value, and shall not be located less than 1 km from such areas;  Are not located adjacent to stream channels wherever possible to avoid siltation of river channels;  Are not located in forest reserves. However, where there are no other alternatives, permission shall be obtained from the appropriate authorities and an environmental impact study shall be conducted;  Shall be easily rehabilitated. Areas with minimal vegetation cover such as flat and bare ground, or areas covered with grass only or covered with shrubs less than 1.5m in height, are preferred.  Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimize vegetation clearing.  Vegetation clearing is restricted to the area required for safe operation. 7.2.2.2.6 Increasing soil erosion and sedimentation Soil erosion is likely to occur during slope cuts and excavation works. Erosion is often caused by failing to keep water off road surfaces. Clearing of vegetation cover during roads expansion, construction of culverts and site drains, detours for collecting construction materials from quarries/borrow areas will expose soils during rainy seasons and may result in incremental soil erosion and sedimentation of river courses. Therefore, structures need to be developed to reduce soil erosion that may lead to sediments loading and silting of water resources. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Appropriately drain water from excavations and transfer it to the sediment retention pond for sedimentation before discharging to the environment;  Break the runoff velocity using ditches, series of rock check dams or other arrangements 128 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Maintain the natural hydrological flow direction unless diverted for protecting buildings, farms or other properties;  Cover stock piled materials with fabric;  Select and implement sediment control devices such as: i) site fencing; ii) straw bales; iii) sediment basins or traps; iv) storm inlet traps; vi) rock check dams and vii) interception berms/swales;  Re-vegetate with trees and grass indigenous to the sites all sites with bare soil along RUDP II phase 3 sub-projects to avoid further erosion. 7.2.2.2.7 Impact on surface water Construction activities during the rainy season will increase the amount of sediments running in to water resources as trenches/drains will be excavated and culvert constructed to increase the conveyance of water. Dumping of soil waste has been observed in existing drains. Excavation of drains, cutting, clearing of the top earth and widening of the road will expose the soil to erosion which will range from rills, to gully depending on the season in which these works will be undertaken. This will threaten not only the agricultural production, but also siltation will pollute the Lake Kivu or Sebeya River. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Install drainage systems with scour checks;  Cover drainage systems with concrete blocks;  Extend drainages to the receiving water resources;  Redesign the road side drainage and extend them downstream to the recipient. 7.2.2.2.9 Gas emissions The main pollutants that will be produced by these construction activities including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulphur oxide (SOx), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), ammonia (NH3), odors, radioactive pollutants and fine particulates along the way as a result 129 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City of diesel combustion. Other secondary pollutants include: (1) particulate matter formed from gaseous primary pollutants and compounds in photochemical smog such as nitrogen dioxide, (2) ground level ozone formed from NOx and volatile organic compounds. Such emissions can lead to several environmental impacts including global warming and health impacts. Mitigation Measures The contractor shall:  Use the cleanest fuels (e.g. on‐road grade diesel) within technically feasible possibilities;  Use of low-sulphur diesel for fuel-powered machinery to minimize oxides of sulphur emissions;  Properly maintain vehicles and machineries to comply with relevant emission standards and the Prime Minister’s Instructions n°004/03 of 27/12/2013;  Avoid unnecessary idling of construction vehicles at the construction sites to reduce the emission of exhaust fumes. This should be enforced through a penalty system, where offenders are warned, then fined. Additionally, all construction idling equipment or machinery should be turned off;  Avoid peak traffic hours or routes with heavy traffic. 7.2.2.2.11 Decline in scenic quality Upgrading of the existing roads may adversely affect view sheds. Cumulative effects of poorly managed quarries and borrow pits supplying building materials for road projects may also cause loss in scenic values. Clear and proper diversions should be put in place to enable people reach their intended destinations. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Ensure proper and progressive restoration of the borrow area site after gravel extraction and dumpsite after closure through remediation of borrow pits, landscaping, and grass planting where appropriate.  Ensure that proper drainage system to handle storm water run-offs is put in place so that 130 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City soil/land erosion and deposition of materials originating from the Borrow area or dumpsite in areas surrounding area site is controlled.  Ensure that he concerns of any such community regarding the operation of the Borrow area or dumpsite, are addressed frequently and in consultation with the Rubavu District Environment Officers, LODA, REMA and other relevant lead agencies.  Work with the grievance committee involving the executive secretary of the village, elders, and district officers is set up to deal with complaints of the community. 7.2.2.3 Health, Safety and Sanitation impacts 7.2.2.3.1 Risks of accidents and injuries to workers Because of the intensive engineering and construction activities including grinding and cutting, masonry and excavation works, transportation, car and truck accidents among others, construction workers will be exposed to risks of accidents and injuries. Such injuries can result from accidental falls from high elevations, injuries from hand tools and construction equipment cuts from sharp edges of metal sheets, failure and collapse of machines. Open ditches, unfinished works and improper storage of materials can lead to accidents to both the public and workers. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Provide to all workers all relevant personal protective equipment (PPEs) including safety gear and ear masks, nose masks, ear muffs, helmets, overalls, industrial boots, etc.  Ensure that all equipment are in good working conditions to prevent occupational hazards;  All accidents should be reported to LODA within 12 hours which shall then be reported to the WB within 24 hours after occurrence;  Enforce wearing the PPEs at all times while at work;  Establish and implement a health and safety plan;  Provide regular trainings to the workers and community. 131 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2.2.3.2 Spread of Communicable diseases Increase in income for the local workers may attract sex workers and other forms of sexual behaviors, and this will lead to increased public health risks (including an increase in prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS) as the project will be implemented in urban area where informal sex workers are found. In addition, local climate and hygiene conditions may create mosquitoes breeding sites, as well as contamination of infectious respiratory secretions (e.g. Covid-19 virus) that is becoming pandemic in Rwanda. The contractor shall:  Establish HIV-AIDS campaign awareness mechanism since improved human mobility and income on the transport sector especially go in tandem with increased HIV transmission. Initially, a strong awareness campaign shall be undertaken (media, rural radio, campaigns, theatres forum, sketch, etc.);  Be encouraged to use local labor force Robust measures to address the risk of gender- based violence will be implemented through: a) training of workforce about refraining from unacceptable conduct, b) informing workers about national laws, c) introducing a Worker Code of Conduct as part of the employment contract, d) introducing sanctions for non-compliance (e.g., termination) e) cooperation with law enforcement agencies and will provide workers opportunity to spend their time off away from the host community;  Provide workers with mouth masks (at least two-2 per day) to lower risks of transmission of Covid-19 virus when speaking, coughing, sneezing;  Avail an infrared digital thermometer to read forehead temperatures of workers (370C/ 98.6 F, core body to) before and after works;  Enforce physical distancing practice at site as Covid-19 spreads mainly among people in close contact for a prolonged period;  Avail clean and sufficient water, container of hand soap/sanitizer for hand washing;  Avail a registration book at main entrance (specifying names, tel. number, village, cell, sector, district of every one) for future tracking in case a Covid-19 victim is found at site. 132 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2.2.3.3 Accidental Oil and fuel Spills and Leaks The Project will involve use of equipment diesel oils. In the event that these oils accidentally leak into the environment, they could result to significant contamination of soil, surface and underground water resources. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Checking and regular servicing of his construction eequipment.  Re-fueling at safe locations,  Use of spill kits and applications of emergency spill procedures.  Provision of a 20 cm layer of sand and ballast at the machinery storage area and diesel tank section, this layer act as sink to potential oil spills and will be replaced when saturated.  No vehicles should be serviced/maintained on site – they should use licensed garages. 7.2.2.3.4 Sanitation problem at working sites Construction workers will require sanitary facilities for their primary needs at worksites. Working conditions with no proper sanitation may result in sanitation hazard with open defecation or conflicts the local residents on the use of toilets or transmission of poor hygiene diseases from pollution of the environment. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Install the sanitation facilities (portable pit latrines at the workers sites and clearly distinguish between female and male with labels;  Avail solid waste bins and sort garbage according different categories (e-wastes, chemicals, plastics, metals, glasses papers/wood and biodegradable wastes); 133 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Liaise with the licensed garbage disposal companies existing the city and agree to pay waste collection fee;  Provide sufficient and separate toilets for men and women with toilet papers and water points. 7.2.2.4 Waste generation impacts Large quantities of solid waste will be generated by various project activities at the site. Inappropriate solid waste disposal could lead to contamination of soil, ground water, and streams and the spread of pests and communicable diseases. Such waste will consist of excavated materials, vegetation, metal drums, rejected materials, surplus materials, surplus spoils, paper bags, empty cartons, and waste oil among others. Such solid waste materials can be injurious to the environment through blockage of drainage systems, choking of water bodies and negative impacts on human and animal health. Human excreta are also expected to be produced by workers all along the roads during the construction activities. Appropriate sewage and solid management measures will be put in place. Mitigation Measures The contractor shall:  Develop a solid waste management plan;  Collect, recycle or dispose to approved sites all waste lubricants and oils;  Have central locations for refueling of vehicles and fuel powered machinery;  Place plastic sheeting under hazardous material and their storage areas to collect and retain leaks and spills;  Collect the contaminated runoff from oil storage areas for disposal in approved sites;  Collect and into drums and transported to approved disposal sites;  Well pack and transport the bitumen to avoid spillages;  Avoid scattering empty bitumen drums along the construction or campsite. A central place for storage of empty bitumen drums awaiting disposal to appropriate sites should be got;  Regularly service and maintain vehicles and construction machinery that are likely to 134 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City spill fuel and oils;  Acquire permits/ approvals for fuel storage and transportation;  Provide mobile toilets for workers. 7.2.2.5 Social Impacts 7.2.2.5.1 Impacts in construction yards The contractor will have a mobile construction and workshop yards for construction material. a) Insecurity in and around the storage yards These yards could attract up thieves who will be motivated to steal different items available in the camps. Mitigation measures The contractor shall ensure: The construction yards/camps should be fenced for the safety and security purpose of the construction material. 7.2.2.5.2 Social Evils: Slums, Alcoholism and Prostitution There would be an increasing of public health risks such as increasing prevalence of HIV&AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) due to workforce from workers. There could also be increased drug and alcohol abuse mainly during construction period that can place stress on social, cultural and family structures. The sources of stress may include (1) problems associated with the compensation process and potential community discord such as (2) risk of impoverishment relating to difficulties in adapting to new livelihood systems; (3) potential exploitation by others in the relocation/compensation process; (4) possible conflicts within or between communities, or with government agencies. Mitigation Measures The contractor shall:  Carry the Sensitization programmes targeting the project workers through radios, films, 135 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City meetings and other means of media about the likely the social evils arising from the presence of the project should be undertaken by the contractor to prevent such evils as alcoholism, prostitution;  Increase the awareness related to health problems arising from social promiscuity. Contractors should collaborate with health officials to sensitize workers about social, and health safety. Gambling and consumption of illicit alcohol within camps used by construction crews should be strictly prohibited;  Prohibit gambling and consumption of illicit alcohol within camps used by construction crews. 7.2.2.5.3 Impact related to dust and particulate emissions The impacts of emissions of gas and dust will be felt at the immediate vicinity of the working. They may be caused by the operative gear in restricted areas and for a limited time. In areas of extractions of materials such as stones for crushing and masonry, and stone crushing site, the air quality may be deteriorated by the emission of dust by the particular asphalt production plants. Emanation of bad smells due to the preparation of the tar (bitumen) may also be experienced. The intensity of these impacts can be described as medium. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Suppress dust emissions to dust prone areas (such as quarries and borrow pits) by regular sprinkling water or by covering stockpiles;  As much as practical cover the material stock piles to reduce dust;  Use protective clothing like helmets and dust masks on construction sites;  Limit the speed of haulage trucks to reduce dust levels. To ensure this, speed humps shall be introduced along construction routes, and the drivers of construction vehicles shall be obliged to adhere to speed limits through a penalty system;  Regular maintenance of plants and equipment. 136 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2.2.5.4 Noise and vibration pollution During construction and decommissioning, traffic movements, compaction and earth moving, loading and unloading of materials, will generate noise increase that will affect residential and public places (see Figure 4-2 and Figure 5-5) for the location of sensitive infrastructures to the noise). The impacts associated with such activities include: a) Potential disturbance to residential, social and commercial and institutional premises along the proposed construction roads; b) Noise and vibrations caused by heavy machinery could potentially cause damage to buildings along the construction areas and materials sites; c) Non-observance with the occupational health and safety to the construction workers; Mitigations measures The contractor shall:  Inform the neighboring communities of any unusual construction activities with extraordinary noise levels such as to include time, expected duration and any safety precautions;  Undertake structural integrity assessment of existing buildings and other structures along the road as control for damages from vibrations;  Utilize low noise machinery for the construction to the extent possible (Noise levels be below 90 dB to the nearest receptors by days);  Undertake assessment of building structures within the work areas with respect to their capacity to withstand compaction vibrations;  Provide all construction workers with relevant safety gear including ear masks;  Avoid use of explosive in quarries;  Install the stone crushing plants according to manufacturer’s specifications (if possible at least 2 km away from any sensitive receptors such as residential areas, religious places, health centres, schools);  Instruct drivers to limiting the speed of haulage vehicles to a level that will produce the least amount of noise, can help to minimize the increase in noise levels. 137 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2.2.5.5 Gender aspects Women will be more impacted by the project disruption of water and power supply than men as women are usually victims for inadequate home water supply and power services. It will be important to avoid disconnection to drinking water and power supply to maximize tangible benefits for the local population including women. Other impacts related to gender are related to the fact that women may not benefit equally from employment as contractor tend most of the time to recruit men considering experience and physical capabilities. Moreover, some project activities (disruption of utility services like water, loss of land and properties and job/income to men) may put women at high risk for Gender Based Violence (GBV). Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Recruit a GBV Specialist as a key contractor’s staff;  Ensure women get employment in the project at the same level and with the same payment as men (consider a gender quota of at least one-third (1/3) female17 as per national policy);  Ensure equal payment to men and women. If compensation payment is paid to a bank account, both men and women need to have access to it;  Give priority in staff recruitment to households headed by women and that are particularly vulnerable. Women workers will be given same PPE as men- helmet, gloves, vest, masks, water provisions, toilets for women, toilet paper, first aid, etc;  Plan relocation of utilities well to avoid disruption that may affect the local communities;  Strict adherence to Rwandan Law 2, N°59/2008 of 10/09/2008 on prevention and punishment of GBV in all project formations and particularly GRMs procedures;  All workers to sign a Code of Conduct;  Prepare a GBV Action Plan which will form part of the contractor’s ESMP;  In case of a grievance emanating from GBV, a special GBV task force will be established 17 ESMF, 2020 (Article 9 of the Rwandan Constitution of 2003 introduces a mandatory women’s quota of 30% in all decision-making organs) 138 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City and will be in charge of receiving, assessing and handling all cases of sexual harassment and GBV. The taskforce will also handle GBV throughout the project implementation stage. The task force includes project staff namely: Human resource officer and social safeguards specialist from the contractor, Social Safeguards Specialist from the concerned PIU (LODA, Rubavu district administration), Gender Monitoring Officer and Environmental and Social Management Specialist from the District , Social Safeguards Specialist from the supervising firm, Women representative from the GRC at cell level and GBV service provider in the area of GBV prevention and handled referral pathways for the GBV survivors. 7.2.2.5.6 Impacts on mobility and road safety The land preparation and excavations will lead to a temporary disruption of traffic, normal access to property, housing plots, schools and churches, etc. The scope of these impacts can be characterized as significant as the project activities related to the execution of the works will affect the normal transit in rural areas, and the population living in the immediate environment of the project sites. The impacts on road safety will be high. Hazard areas due to excavations in front of houses, and blind spot will be created with the machinery, materials placed in the road. Lack of clarity of safe pedestrian zones, See some photos below (Plate 7-1). 139 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Plate 7- 1: Illustration of safety risks from hazard areas due to excavations in front of houses and blind spot created with the machinery and materials placed in the road Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Ensure roads and drainages safety is improved through good engineering design i.e. improving sight distance and visibility, especially approaches to bends, junctions, bridges, etc, and at roadside settlements;  Install clear road signs including road furniture;  Install shoulders throughout the length of the road to discourage parking on the road; 140 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Provide appropriate road signs and road markings in locations where standards are compromised to warn drivers of safety hazards. 7.2.2.5.7 Interference with business and daily activities during excavation and construction Demolition of structures on the road reserves will lead to interference with business activities and basic earning. Most of these businesses acquire loans from relatives and micro finance, banks operating in the country to stock merchandise. Traders, pharmacists, informal markets, mobile money stands, and motorcycles parking sites will be affected. Mitigation measures Contractor shall:  Provide the access road/facilities to all buildings especially those accommodating business activities and people’s homes;  Provide alternative temporary spaces for informal businesses (mobile credits selling stands, motorcycles parking sites);  Engage with formal businesses owners in dialogue on potential periods of disruption;  Conduct the construction works in phases so as to allow some businesses to continue;  Provide temporal access bridges to the businesses during construction works and permanent durable access to both business features and community’s homes;  Provide appropriate information to potentially affected local communities prior to the beginning of any works in order to allay fears, complaints or potential risks due to lack of information or awareness about the project activities.  Ensure provision of the disability accessibility including footpaths and access with railings and handrails. 7.2.2.6 Disastrous impacts 7.2.2.6.1 Fire outbreak Risks to human safety are related to fire and handling of construction material including fuel asphalts and other substances. The scope of these impacts is limited; they are for the workers and depend on compliance with safety requirements normally expected. 141 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Mitigation Measures The contractor shall:  Put in place and implement a fire prevention and fighting plan;  Provide adequate number of fire extinguishers at the workshops, fuel and bitumen storage areas, asphalt plants and all campsites, duly serviced and located at easily accessible points.  Have part of the work sites designated as a fire evacuation/assembly area.  Have some staff adequately trained in fire fighting operations.  Provision of safety signage such as “No smoking” at workshops, fuel and bitumen storage areas, workers’ camps, asphalt plants and all work sites where fire hazards are likely to occur.  Ensure the availability of a health centre/ hospital and transport emergency vehicles (ambulance). 7.2.2.6.2 Impact on utilities The construction of the existing roads will involve its considerable widening. The widening of these roads and drainages will necessarily necessitate relocation of power lines, water supply pipes and communication cables. Relocation of power lines would cause temporary disruption of supply to consumers, public inconvenience and financial loss to utility operators. Mitigation measures The contractor shall:  Obtain from the utilities agencies definition and details of all public utilities sites within 50 m of the works, prior to undertaking any work;  Accurately locate all services to reduce risks of damage to power line, water pipelines and telecommunication lines;  Fix the damage to the satisfaction of the utility agency at the his cost and; reparation work shall be treated as an emergency and undertaken without undue delay;  Design and construct adequate and appropriate under or over passage crossing structures 142 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City at the existing roads and major paths crossings to allow easy/free and safe movements of people with their goods/ and some of which also for motorized traffic. 7.2.3 Negative impacts of the roads operation 7.2.3.1 Increased accidents and death to human, domestic and wild animals If appropriate speed regulating measures and signage are not used along the road and if road ethics and adherence are not enforced, the upgraded road will result in increased accidents to humans and domestic animals roaming the area especially around very dense settlement of Byahi, public places such as Byahi Health Centre, Buhuru Market and UTB (see Figure 2-2) and all along Rugerero-Buhuru road (see Figure 2-1). The traffic jams may occur and this could also lead to inconveniences to traders and commuters along the road or those using the road. Mitigation Measures: The district and Traffic police shall:  Install road signage posts, zebra crossing, provide speed humps near villages, markets, schools to warn the public about danger and other critical location;  Ensure pedestrians have adequate footpaths along roads, through villages or near community facilities;  Implement road safety education and training to local people and drivers on the code of conduct at construction sites; 7.2.3.2 Interference with the traffic flow The well upgraded road may lead to increased traffic wanting to use the road and this may even lead to traffic jams especially at junctions. Humps could be erected to safeguard the school children of adjacent schools or for those using the hospital. The traffic jams could also lead to inconveniences to traders and commuters along the road or those using the road. Mitigation Measures The district and Traffic police shall:  Install road signs for maintenance activities;  Ensure pedestrians have adequate footpaths along roads, through villages or near 143 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City community facilities;  Implement road safety education and training to local people and drivers on the code of conduct at maintenance sites;  Provide road signage posts, zebra crossing at critical locations.  Indicate diversion routes during construction; 7.2.4 Negative environmental impacts of decommissioning activities 7.2.4.1 Solid waste Although demolition waste is generally considered as less harmful to the environment since they are composed of inert materials, there is growing evidence that large quantities of such waste may lead to release of certain hazardous chemicals into the environment. Demolition of the project will involve dismantling camps, equipment and fixtures at contractor’s yard and related infrastructure will result in large quantities of solid waste. The waste will contain the materials used in construction including concrete, metal, cement, oil, bitumen, sealants and fasteners. Mitigation measures The contractor in decommissioning shall:  Reuse, recycle the removed materials for other purpose otherwise disposed to a licensed waste disposal site;  Donate reusable demolition waste to charitable organizations, individuals and institutions 7.2.4.2 Generation of wastewater Demolition of supply lines will also lead to increased waste water and interference with other community members. This wastewater may join existing rivers networks and that will lead, especially in rainy season, to increase in pollution. Mitigation measures The impacts related to waste generation will be mitigated as described previously in the section of waste generation (7.2.2.4.1) and sanitation problem (7.2.2.3.3). 144 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.2.4.3 Dust emission Potential dust emission will be generated during demolition works. This will affect demolition staff as well as the neighboring residents. Mitigation measures Mitigation measures as described above in the section 7.2.2.2.7 shall be implemented by the contractor. 7.2.4.4 Increased in noise and vibration The demolition works will lead to the potential deterioration of the acoustic environment within the project site and the surrounding areas. Mitigation measures The impacts on the acoustic environment will be mitigated as described previously in the section (7.2.2.2.9). 7.2.5 Cumulative impacts Cumulative impacts are possible considering the project site (mainly urban) with many projects taking place there and in its surroundings. These project include but not limited to other development projects such as construction of roads, buildings, schools, shopping malls and hotels in the Rubavu City. This will cause key impacts such as:  Increased construction and renovation due to the attractiveness of the areas (informal settlements) to businessmen, residents and tourists travelling to the sites;  Increased pressure on agricultural land and natural resources such as trees and wildlife due to urban expansion;  Increased frequency and severity of vehicle accidents;  Some improvement in poverty reduction especially in informal settlements that will be upgraded progressively to formal ones;  Considerable expansion of businesses, hotels and settlements characterized by lack of planning (urban sprawl); 145 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Larger land acquisition and resettlement, community disturbance, dust and noise during construction and larger noise impact during operation.  Increased traffic, loss of vegetation, civil air-borne dust, waste generation, community disturbance. Mitigation measures With effective implementation of good construction management measures, the cumulative impacts can be adequately mitigated to acceptable levels. These cumulative impacts could be effectively managed by:  Adopting proper mitigation measures with minimum impacts (sharing construction materials, dumpsites to minimize dust, noise, carbon emissions, waste generation);  Education of construction workers to minimize social disturbance and cultural conflict;  provision of temporary access to local traffic; timely compensation for the lost items;  Proper maintenance of the existing community access roads, timely relocation of water pipes, communication lines and other utilities and timely restoration/strengthening of project sites upon completion of construction. 7.3 Environmental and Social Management Plan An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been developed for RUDP II phase 3 to assist the developer (LODA) and the project management team (the Rubavu City, contractor and supervisor) in mitigation and managing environmental and social impacts and risks associated with life cycle of the project (Table 7-4, 7-5 and 7-6)). Other relevant project partners are Rwanda Development Board (RDB) in charge of the issuance of ESIA Certificate and Rwanda Environmental Management Authority (REMA) in charge of monitoring of the implementation of the project ESMP. This ESMP defines the measures to reduce, prevent and mitigate potential safety, health, social and environmental risks associated with the project and detail all the necessary mitigation measures, their financial costs, as well as the persons responsible for their implementation and 146 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City monitoring. This EMP also improves environmental performance while ensuring compliance with applicable National regulations and the World Bank environmental and Social standards during the construction, operational and eventual decommissioning phases of the project. The ESMP is mandatory for all contractors and subcontractors during construction and it also includes measures to be developed by the District and ensure that mitigation and enhancement measures continue throughout the operating life of the project. The ESMP include a Monitoring plan that is also mandatory and includes certain parameters to be measures during both the construction and operational phases of the works to ensure that impacts are fully monitored and that necessary mitigation measures are applied. The ESMP implementation will be evaluated in future environmental audits. Thus this ESMP ensures that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with design by taking appropriate mitigation measures to minimize impacts on the environment and people during construction and operation phases. It emphasizes how the development may impact on relevant environmental factors and how these impacts may be mitigated and managed according to National regulations and the approved ESF instruments (ESMF, ESCP, SEP, LMP, etc) as approved by the World Bank. 147 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 7- 4: Environmental and Social Management Plan during Designing/Planning Phase Project Negative impacts/ Prevention and Mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate activities Environmental in Rfw Implementation Supervision and Social Standards Land Loss of land and Limit where possible the project activities within the project existing RoW Contractor; Environmental 1,741,041,044 acquisition for destruction of and avoid the agricultural land/properties, social/religious institutes and Social road widening, properties and fish habitat during finalization of siting/ alignment infrastructure. specialists; diversion, (houses) Avoid the housing and commercial structure during the finalization extraction of Affected people of the road alignments and location of water drainages Supervision firm; construction are underpaid; system/culverts; material, Prior to start road construction activities, a fair compensation at full disposal of ESS5, ESS1 replacement cost of properties and lands shall be conducted based on spoil materials, the WB policy and National Expropriation Law and districts campsite expropriation procedures; installation; Ensure participation of owners and local administration in all compensation process; Loss of Ensure that clearance of vegetation remains within footprint of the project Contractor; REMA; 3,000,000 vegetation/ trees/ development; LODA; animal habitats Avoid unnecessary destruction of the surrounding vegetation; District; Landscaping along the road Before cutting any trees, count them and show them to the District Supervision firm; specialist; alignment due to forestry/environmental officer and the project Environmental and road widening, Social Risk Management Specialist for assessment and approval; creation of For every cut tree, replace it by planting 3 trees (native species); diversions, Avoid encroachment into rivers, flood plains and banks; borrowing Preserve (or stockpile) excavated topsoil for future site restoration activities, camp procedures; sitting; Locate borrow pits, dumping sites and quarries in less vegetated areas, ESS1; ESS6; far from water bodies and, rehabilitate them after road work activities; Appropriately dump earth material, considering the site future use (e.g. playground or green space); Re-vegetate each side of the road, borrow dumping sites with ornamental grasses, fruit or indigenous tree species, according the Re-vegetation Plan in section 7.9 (plant three trees for one tree cut) 148 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project Negative impacts/ Prevention and Mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate activities Environmental in Rfw Implementation Supervision and Social Standards Extraction of Competition/ Over Extract required construction materials through accurate budgeting and Contractor; Supervision firm; 2,000,000 construction use of resources in estimation of actual construction requirements to ensure that materials; the project area materials are not extracted or purchased in excessive quantities; (e.g. gravel, sand Ensure that wastage, damage or loss (through runoff, wind, etc) of and hard core); materials at construction sites is kept minimal, as these would lead to additional demand for and extraction/ purchase of the materials; ESS3 Consider reuse of excavated materials and use of recycled materials to reduce the amount of raw materials extracted as well as reducing impacts at the extraction sites; All exhausted quarries and borrow pits should be protected to usable state. Excavation, Disruption of Prepare procedures for rapid notification to the Public Utilities Board and Contractor; Environmental Part of the cutting and utilities (electric assistance with re-instatement, in the event of any disruption; and Social BoQ related to movement of and tele- Prior to start construction, the utility services (electrical cables, tele- specialists; relocation of heavy communication communication line, water supply pipeline) should be shifted with the public utilities construction cables, water pipe) consultation of the relevant organizations; Supervision firm; machinery; and damaged Inform local community before starting excavation and cutting, work; utilities; ESS1 Carefully remove the utilities that are connected to any structures; All Dust and Noise Notify the adjacent community before starting the construction work; Contractor; Environmental 2,000,000 construction pollution at Spraying of water in the dry land or from where there is a possibility to and Social works construction sites; generate dust; specialists; Vibration effects Proper Health and Safety measures for the workers such as using of to structures along appropriate PPE (helmet, Earplug, musk, safety shoes, hand gloves Supervision firm; road alignment; etc.) should be taken to avoid any accidents at work place; Surface water Construct noise barrier around the dismantling sites; contamination and Stop the engine when it is not required; impacts on aquatic Ensure that earth wastes, sediment and stockpiles are safe enough fauna; ESS3 disposed not to contaminate water bodies and aquatic diversity; 149 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project Negative impacts/ Prevention and Mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate activities Environmental in Rfw Implementation Supervision and Social Standards All Dust and Noise Notify the adjacent community before starting the construction work; Contractor; Environmental 2,000,000 construction pollution at Spraying of water in the dry land or from where there is a possibility to and Social works construction sites; generate dust; specialists; Vibration effects Proper Health and Safety measures for the workers such as using of to structures along appropriate PPE (helmet, Earplug, musk, safety shoes, hand gloves Supervision firm; road alignment; etc.) should be taken to avoid any accidents at work place; Surface water Construct noise barrier around the dismantling sites; contamination and Stop the engine when it is not required; impacts on aquatic Ensure that earth wastes, sediment and stockpiles are safe enough fauna; ESS3 disposed not to contaminate water bodies and aquatic diversity; Setting up Land Construction camps shall not be constructed within a distance of 50 m Contractor; Environmental; Cost covered construction encroachment; from the water bodies; in the site camps waste from the Avoid productive land and away from the settlement during the selection Supervision firm; installation construction of land for the setup of construction camp; budget camp; ESS3; No solid and liquid waste discharge into the water bodies; ESS1; Instruct workers to maintain clean environment in the camps. Total : 1,750,041,044 Source: Consultant, 2021 150 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 7- 5: Environmental and Social Management Plan during Construction Phase Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Road widening, Destruction of Undertaking field surveys to identify and record the status of buildings Contractor; MININFRA; Covered in construction, houses, and properties that can be affected by the ground induced vibration Social REMA; Expropriation Excavation, commercial from the project activities; specialist in LODA; fee; cutting; business structures Avoid affecting the number of housing and commercial structure during case District; Compaction; that may lead to the alignment and location of road works and drains; compensation Supervision extraction of loss of livelihoods Undertaking reparation of damages (e.g. cracks in buildings) from the is needed; firm; borrow and and income; ground induced vibration at the satisfaction of the owners early on quarry material ESS5 to avoid irreversible damages. In case of irreversible damages, the and Transport owners will be compensated following ESS5 requirements. of Logistics Consider providing job opportunities for the affected people; Traffic and /or Preparation of a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) for each subproject – Contractor REMA; 11,000,000 construction contractor will be prepared this plan before the starting of LODA; related accident construction and follow it strictly; District; and Implement road safety measures such as speed breakers/ humps, Supervision inconveniences warning signs/lights, road safety signs, flag-persons (divert traffic to firm; due to reduced follow alternative routes) near villages, schools, university; traffic area used churches, markets, health centre to warn the public about dangers by construction and ensure uninterrupted traffic; vehicles, road Establish and implement a health and safety plan; uses including Provide regular trainings to the workers and community; students, women, Report immediately (before 24 hrs) the incidence/accident to the client; children; Implement road safety education and training to local people and drivers on the code of conduct at construction sites; ESS4 Workers will not use their mobile phones during driving and when operating equipment; Avoid/ restrict as possible the obstruction of normal traffic and road use; In case it proves unavoidable, alternative route to be availed for road user; Emergency vehicles must be available for use by ambulance, police or fire vehicles; Implement all measures detailed Sections 7.7 (Community Health, 151 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Safety and Security Management Plan) All workers to sign a Code of Conduct. Road widening, Interference with Provide the access road to all buildings especially those accommodating Contractor REMA; Covered construction, business and daily business activities; LODA; elsewhere Excavation, activities as well Provide alternative temporary spaces for informal businesses (mobile District; cutting; as disruption of credits selling stands, motorcycles parking sites); Supervision Compaction; Engage with formal businesses owners in dialogue on potential periods firm; access to people’s extraction of of disruption; borrow and homes during Conduct the construction works in phases so as to allow some quarry material excavation and businesses to continue; and Transport of construction Provide temporal access bridges to the businesses during construction Logistics works and permanent durable access after the construction activities; Provide appropriate information to potentially affected local communities prior to the beginning of any works in order to allay fears, complaints or potential risks due to lack of information or awareness about the project activities. Ensure provision of the disability accessibility including footpaths and access with railings and handrails. Worker’s Ensure all staff in construction activities have protective equipment Contractor REMA; 28,500,000 accidents leading (e.g. helmets, dust masks, gloves, safety glasses, boots); LODA; to injuries, Avail first aid kit on-site, train some people techniques of handling District; illness or death; injured people; Supervision Transport means to be always present and ready to transport injured to firm; ESS4 nearest clinic; Health insurance for the personnel; Ensure machinery, equipment, personal protective equipment, appliances and hand tools do comply with prescribed safety and health standards; Implement all measures detailed Sections 7.7 and 7.8 (Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan and Traffic Management Plan) 152 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Road widening, Degradation of air Prepare a dust management plan (DMP) with the fooling measures: Contractor REMA; 3,000,000 construction, quality (dust and watering frequency, monitoring of visual LODA; Excavation, particulate impacts, inspection, records keeping, responsibility, training, District; cutting; emissions) by complaints response and corrective action Supervision Compaction; construction Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control firm; extraction of vehicle traffic, due devices; borrow and to earth excavation Use stone crushers and mixing machines with wet scrubbers to arrest quarry material and dust emission evolved dust; and Transport from stockpiles Maintain vehicles and construction equipment in good working of Logistics during dry period condition including regular servicing; Impose speed limits at 30 km/hour on vehicle movement at the ESS3 worksite to reduce dust emissions; Control the movement of construction traffic in the access road; Water spray to the dry earth/ material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils as and when required to minimize the potential for environmental nuisance due to dust; Increase the watering frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. high winds); Cover stockpiles of fines on windy days and, enclose gravel screening section to reduce dust propagation; Provide masks to workers in very dusty environment; Air quality Use low sulfur fuel in diesel engines (graders, excavators and trucks and Contractor REMA; 5,000,000 deterioration due to this will reduce Sulfur Dioxide emissions LODA; exhaust emission Enforce use of new and gas emission complying vehicles, trucks and District; and combustion of machinery; Supervision fuel (Sulphur, Install emission control devices in non- complying machines, vehicles, firm; Carbon, and trucks; Nitrogen,.) Sensitize drivers to avoid unnecessary racing of vehicle engines at loading/offloading points and parking areas; ESS3 Develop an engine maintenance plan (program) to control pollution from diesel powered engines) Plant trees at the road sides according the re- vegetation plan detailed in section 7.9 153 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Road widening, Noise and Use machines with minimum noise and vibration; Contractor REMA; 1,500,000 construction, vibration pollution Sensitize vehicle drivers, machinery operators to switch off engines not LODA; Excavation, of machinery/ being used; Work only during day time (7:00-17:00); District; cutting; heavy trucks to Avoid gunning of vehicle engines when passing through sensitive Supervision Compaction; local people; areas (e.g. schools, churches, health centres); firm; extraction of Keep in good condition machinery to reduce noise generation; borrow and ESS3 Advise local people, hospitals, hotels, school, churches on the planned quarry material activities that cause unavoidable noise and Transport Engage in consultations with the district authorities and the hospital of Logistics management on the noise and vibration management (noise) The consultant shall reschedule noise and vibration generating activities around the schools in the weekend during school holidays; Impacts from Avoid carrying out any blasting during excavation and other Contractor REMA; Part of civil and blasting operations project work. Should unavoidable the blasting (e.g. LODA; quarrying work using explosives quarrying) the contractor will request and get approval from District; ESS3, ESS4 the competent authority. As per national regulations the Supervision blasting site should not be within a radius of 600 m of firm; residential area and shall always take place during day’s hours. The methods and the means for the storage and the handling of the explosive should strictly adhere to national law national law, regulations and mining standards provided by the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMPGB). Recruit a person with a valid explosives manager's certificate as explosives manager. Ensure that activities that involve explosives, accessories or precursor substances are: (a) managed by a certified explosives manager; (b) carried out only by competent and certified persons; and (c) carried out only if the licenses and permits required are in place. Ensure use or fitting high efficiency mufflers to noisy construction equipment and provide PPE protection to workers (masks, ear protection) exposed to the noise level 154 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards above 85 dB to ensure compliance of the noise management measures, Monitor the vibration and noise level and impacts to buildings and local people within a radius of 1 km. Excavation, Surface and Determine dumping location with government officials, local landowners Contractor MININFRA 40,000,000 cutting and Ground water Stockpiles, parking yards to be located far away from rivers, marshlands, REMA; disposal of pollution due to at least a minimum of 100m from these ecological zones; LODA; earth spoils, discharge/disposal Stockpile topsoil at designated area, surrounding them with perimeter District; of earth materials, drains, and place geotextile silt traps on the stockpiles to avoid Supervision sedimentation in erosion and sedimentation; Cover stockpiles during rainy season firm; water bodies; to prevent erosion and sediment runoff; Handling and storage of the potential contaminants has to be organized Water and soil under strict condition to avoid water pollution during construction pollution by works; Strict management and regulation construction activities, to accidental spills of minimize sedimentation, prevent and control fuel/chemical spills; hazardous liquid Avoid concrete works close to water courses; from machinery Machinery and equipment working near water courses should be and human excreta properly serviced to avoid oil spilling; due to lack of Petrochemicals and other hazardous liquids should be stored in mobile toilets; contained areas, surrounded by concrete containment; Monitor water quality against its background (Table 5-1, Figure 3-1, ESS3 Table 3-2); Any spills on open roads should be cleaned-up within 24 hours; Collected waste water/runoff to be contained, disposed; Ground water quality monitoring to be carried out by the contractor following the national water quality standards (Standard RS 109:2017 stipulating tolerance limits for discharged industrial wastewater and RS 110:2017 stipulating tolerances limits for discharged domestic wastewater) (Annex 12); Excavation, Land/ Soil Avoid the productive/agricultural land, cultural sites, natural habitat etc.; Contractor MININFRA 22,400,000 cutting and pollution due to Land/soil quality should be ensured by the contractor to fill the abutment REMA; disposal of solid, liquid and area and approach road; LODA; earth spoils, hazardous wastes; Re-vegetation exposed area as early as possible to reduce the soil erosion; District; Due to organic Create barrier for reducing the sedimentation into the water bodies; Supervision 155 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards waste such as The Land or soil quality tests should be carried out by the contractor firm; remaining foods, The contractor will minimize the generation of sediment, oil and grease, leafs, papers, straw, excess nutrients, organic matter, litter, debris and any form of waste fruit cover etc; due (particularly petroleum and chemical wastes); to inorganic waste Any wastes should not be thrown into the river/stream/drainage channels such as polythene, other than dump in to the designated waste dumping area; glasses, synthetic Handling of hazardous liquid should be done carefully by a designated paper, plastic etc.; experienced person; due to hazardous Organic waste should be managed by composting method. A concrete waste such as chamber with 3 rooms is needed to be provided. In one room organic paint, fuel, waste should be dumped and another room inorganic waste will be chemicals, oil, dumped. When the room will be filled then covered by earth. Then petroleum dump to the third room. After 6 months, organic waste will be products, bitumen converted into fertilizer and will be used by the farmers; Inorganic waste should be given to the authorized vendor for free of cost ESS3 for recycling; Accidental spillage of hazardous waste should be managed by spreading sawdust on the oil surface and sawdust mixed with oil must be stored in a designated concrete room; Provide appropriate PPE to construction personnel for handle materials; Make sure all containers, drums and tanks that are used for storage are in good condition; Take all precautionary measures when handling and storing fuels and lubricants, avoiding environmental pollution; Wastewater monitoring should be carried out by the contractor, following the national standard on waste management. Road widening, Destruction or Implement change finds protocols (section 7.10) and avoid land take or Contractor Social 3,000,000 diversion, disturbances of destruction of areas of historic interest (Cemeteries, Genocide memorials, Specialist; construction; newly identified recreational areas), rather change the road alignment to preserve them; District; cultural sites; Supervision ESS8 firm; 156 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Excavation, Loss of aquatic Ensure that earth waste, sediments and stockpiles are safely enough Contractor REMA; Cost covered cutting, and biodiversity due to disposed to safeguard terrestrial and aquatic diversity; LODA; elsewhere disposal of spoils stockpiling of Ensure disposal of soil spoil are not carried within the buffer zone (50, District; construction 10 and 5 m away from Lakes, Rivers and Streams respectively); Supervision materials near a Immediately remove all the construction debris from the construction firm; river/ drainage site as well as near water bodies in a planned way; channel; Protect water bodies from sediment loads by silt screen or bubble curtains or another barrier; ESS3 Construction activity should be recommended during the dry season; ESS6 Construction workers shall be instructed to protect water resources; Monitoring of aquatic habitats will be done in the water bodies in the project area; Rehabilitate the road sides, and dumpsites according the re-vegetation plan detailed in section 7.9 Sites clearance Soil erosion and Install erosion control measures e.g. check dams, storm water drainage Contractor MININFRA 30,000,000 and restoration siltation from channels; Put in place a storm water management plan that REMA; works; clearance and minimizes impervious area infiltration by use of recharge areas; LODA; restoration works; Site excavation works to be planned such that a section is completed, District; ESS3 constructed or rehabilitated before another section begins. Supervision ESS6 Concentrate construction activities to dry season to the extent possible; firm; Place geotextile on stockpiles to avoid erosion through runoff; Re-vegetate the road buffer area, dumpsites, borrow sites and other areas where bare soil is created due to construction works; Sensitize people in the hillside to plant trees and protect land from erosion and landslide; Excavation, Increased noise Create noise barrier around the construction sites; Contractor MININFRA Covered in blasting at and vibration Stop unnecessary engine operation in the construction site; REMA; BoQ quarries, borrow pollution from Maintain vehicles and construction equipment in good working LODA; pits and road blasting for condition including regular servicing; District; compaction; excavation, road Control the movement of construction traffic in the access roads; Supervision compaction that Ban construction equipment causing excess pollution/visible smoke; firm; can damage houses Water spray to dry earth/ material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils/ and properties and when required to minimize environmental nuisance due to dust; impact local Stored materials such as excavated earth, dredged soil, gravel and sand residents; shall be covered and confined to avoid their wind drifted; 157 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards ESS3 Restore disturbed areas as soon as possible, preferably by local plants; ESS4 For any blasting, a protocol has to be prescribed with acceptable methods for mechanical excavations; All construction Risk of partial Tiff road structures (e.g. culvert, drainage) should be built to Contractor MININFRA Covered in works roads failure as a withstand at least a magnitude 6 seismic event; REMA; BoQ result of Monitor seismicity of the area, either in collaboration with Kigali LODA; catastrophic Seismicity Centre or Seismic-monitoring network, or through District; Supervision seismic events; a consultant, whichever option is deemed to be the best; firm; Routine preventative maintenance of road components (e.g. culverts, drainages,…) to ensure their damage to immediately repair them; All construction Risk of labor Local residents will be given the priority during workforce selection/ Contractor LODA; N/A works influx; recruitment; REMA; Conflict over jobs Sitting construction camp away from existing settlements, and camp District; between local should be furnished with all necessary services; Supervision people and Identify construction workers by wearing uniforms and even firm; external workers; identity tags; ESS2 Employing under Only people with above 18 years shall be recruited as per the labor Contractor LODA; N/A age workforce law; REMA; and school drop The contractor shall engage in consultation with local parents and District; out authority to make sure that all children go to school; Supervision Female under The district shall hold local authorities responsible and parent accountable firm; Employed; for failing to properly educate their children; Female shall be encouraged to work for the project (a quota of at least ESS2 30% female shall be respected); Social welfare Avail onsite canteen to supply food and potable water to all Contractor LODA; 10,000,000 workers at all the construction sites; Rubavu ESS4 Provide portable toilets at the construction sites, if about 25 people District; are working the whole day for a month. Location of portable Supervision firm; facilities shall be at least 6 m away from storm drain system and surface waters; 158 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Provision and hand washing points; These portable toilets shall be cleaned four times a day and all the sewerage shall be pumped from the collection tank once a day and shall be brought to the septic tank for further treatment or disposal. Increase of Prepare a GBV action plan which will include but not limited to, the Contractor LODA; Pre-estimated HIV/AIDS, following activities: REMA; Other STDs; Action 1: Gather information to understand how violence directly District; and unwanted impacts the project workers and communities around and the Supervision pregnancies availability of services for victims and survivors of violence and firm; and Gender exploitation in the project area Based Action 2: Develop strategies and plans to address GBV, sexual Violence; exploitation and other abuse among the project participants (workers and communities). Consider interventions for the short ESS4 term (six months to one year) and medium term (project duration) Action 3: Equip the project team (GBV specialist, ESS Specialists) to respond appropriately to support those seeking assistance Action 4: Include violence prevention and response activities in weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual work plans; Develop a sensitization campaign to the staff on HIV&AIDS and other STDs; Establish a voluntary testing to determine HIV status; counseling at existing medical facilities; Install a sensitization campaign during Umugoroba w‘Ababyeyi (Village Roundtable Programme) will be done to teach young girls and women on changes to be brought by the project and their implication on their social and sexual life The contractor and consultant will have GBV Specialists as part of the key staff of the team in addition to the Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialists; The client shall ensure that the contractor sign a contract with provision related to monitoring of the sexual behaviors of the workers; The 159 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards contractor shall pursue workers who have impregnated local women; Strict adherence to Rwandan Law 2 of N°59/2008 of 10/09/2008 on prevention and punishment of GBV in all project formations and particularly GRMs procedures; In case of a grievance emanating from GBV, a special GBV task force will be established and will be in charge of receiving, assessing and handling all cases of sexual harassment and GBV. The taskforce will also handle GBV throughout the project implementation stage. The task force includes project staff namely: Human resource officer and social safeguards specialist from the contractor, Social Safeguards Specialist from the concerned PIU (LODA, Rubavu district administration), Gender Monitoring Officer and Environmental and Social Management Specialist from the District , Social Safeguards Specialist from the supervising firm, Women representative from the GRC at cell level and GBV service provider in the area of GBV prevention and handled referral pathways for the GBV survivors (see Annex 10 for more guidance). All construction Increased Provide workers with mouth masks (at least two-2 per day) to lower Contractor LODA; Covered in works contamination of risks of transmission of Covid-19; REMA; BoQ Covid-19 virus; Avail an infrared digital thermometer to read forehead temperatures of District; workers (370C/ 98.6 F, core body to) before and after works; Supervision ESS4 Enforce physical distancing practice at site as Covid-19 spreads firm; mainly among workers and people in close contact for a prolonged period; Avail clean water, container of hand soap/sanitizer for hand washing; Avail a registration book at main entrance (specifying names, tel. number, village, cell, sector, district of every one) for future tracking in case a Covid-19 victim is found at site; 160 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Occupational Ensure that all plans and equipment to be used are certified by the Contractor; LODA; Covered in health and safety relevant authority; REMA; BoQ risks; Provide well stocked first aid box to be easily accessible within the District; Incidents, premises; Supervision Accidents and Fire-fighting equipment e.g. fire extinguishers and hydrant systems to be firm; Dangerous provided at strategic locations (e.g. stores) occurrences; Regular inspection and servicing of the equipment must be undertaken by a reputable service provider; ESS2 Provide signage indicating works in progress, communicate to public on ESS3 segments to be worked on, alternative routes; ESS4 Circuits must not be overloaded; Electrical fittings near all potential sources of ignition should be flame proof; All electrical equipment must be earthed; Keep a record of all hazardous chemicals used at construction sites; No eating or drinking in areas where chemicals are stored or used; Develop suitable system for safe collection, recycling and disposal of chemical wastes. If needed, look for advises from REMA. Provide workers in areas with elevated noise and vibration levels, with suitable ear protection equipment such as ear muffs; Ensure that construction workers are provided with adequate supply of wholesome drinking water; Implement all measures detailed Sections 7.7 (Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan); All workers to sign a Code of Conduct. Campsite Fire outbreak at Ensure availability of emergency vehicles for fire-fighting (with Fire Contractor LODA; 5,000,000 operation campsites, at fuel Extinguishers, Fire hydrant, sand) in nearby the project site; District; storage sites; Ensure the availability of a health centre/ hospital and transport Supervision ESS4 emergency vehicles (ambulance); firm; 161 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Project activities Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate Environmental Implementation Supervision (Rwf) and Social Standards Increased Energy Ensure electrical equipment, appliances and lights are switched off when Contractor MININFRA; 2,600,000 consumption; not being used; LODA; Install energy saving fluorescent tubes at all lighting points instead of District; ESS3 bulbs which consume higher electric energy; Supervision Explore use of renewable energy like solar photovoltaic cells; firm; Competition over Harness rainwater for construction and domestic use to avoid conflicts Contractor LODA; 6,000,000 access to water; over water with communities; District; Install water conserving taps that turn-off automatically when water is not Supervision ESS3 being used; and sensitize staff to conserve water by avoiding firm; unnecessary toilet flushing; Install a discharge meter at water outlets to determine and monitor total water usage; Promptly detect, repair water pipe, tank leak; Increased Implement 3 R principles (Reducing, reusing, recycling wastes); Contractor LODA; 6,000,000 generation of solid Dispose waste more responsibly by dumping at designated dumping sites; REMA; wastes and Avail solid waste bins and sort garbage according different categories (e- District; generation of wastes, chemicals, plastics, metals, glasses papers/wood and Supervision sewage; biodegradable wastes); firm; Construction materials left over at the end of construction are used in ESS3 other projects rather than being disposed of; ESS1 Use of durable, long-lasting materials that will not need to be often replaced; Install pit latrines at campsite and portable toilets at working sites Being temporal, pit latrines shall be connected to the soak away pits; Sewage from portable toilets will appropriately disposed in soak away pits Avoid digging pit latrines in area with shallow groundwater. Insecurity of Cooperate with administration to appoint security personnel operating 24 Contractor LODA; 5,000,000 workers on sites hours where needed; REMA; or camp site; Body-search to workers to avoid getting weapons on site, nothing is stolen; District; Ensure only authorized personnel get to site Security alarms will be Supervision ESS2 installed in vehicles and other appropriate devices or areas. firm; Total : 188,000,000 162 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Source: Consultant, 2021 Table 7- 6: Environmental and Social Management Plan during Operational Phase Project Negative impacts/ Prevention and mitigation measures Responsibility Cost estimate activities Environmental and Implementation Supervision (Rwf) Social Standards Vehicle traffic Air pollution Increase tree-planting by adding new native tree species in Contractor; MININFRA; Inclusive in From increasing appropriate locations after consultation with concerned District; Maintenance vehicles traffic, authority; Environmental BoQ; dust emission Enforce use of new and gas emission complying vehicles, machinery and Health and burning of Install emission control devices in non-complying machines, officer; fuels; vehicles and trucks; Sensitize drivers to avoid unnecessary racing of vehicle engines; and ESS3 to switch off engines if not needed; Noise pollution due Necessary instruction for drivers; Contractor; MININFRA; Inclusive in to faulty engines that Establishment of signboards near sensitive receptors like schools, District; Maintenance may increase noise places of worship etc.; Environmental BoQ; level; ESS3 Health officer; Road traffic and Install speed humps at selected places (e.g. near settlement, Contractor; District; Inclusive in accidents due to road schools, university, markets, health centre) to slow down Social Maintenance infrastructure traffic at critical locations; specialist; work, BoQ; improvement that Provide road signage and pavement markings; may encourage Avail pedestrian walkways on both sides on the roads; drivers to over speed; Keep provision of adequate lighting facilities in project area; ESS4 Sensitize drivers to avoid using mobile phone during driving and while crossing the road; Surface and ground Conduct regular monitoring and inventory of risks for erosion and Contractor; MININFRA; 6,000,000 water pollution due to drainage problems; District; accidental hazardous Conduct routine maintenance like grading, drain clearing, pothole Environmental chemical spill in soil patching and shoulder repairs; and Health or river banks; due to Cover the bare surface by tree planting to reduce soil erosion; officer; soil erosion; Ensure river bank protection works from chemical and erosion 163 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ESS3 sediment contamination; Inform to the concern authority to take necessary action to reduce the contamination of groundwater. Erosion Change in hydrology Conduct regular monitoring and inventory of risks for erosion and PIU MININFRA; 5,000,000 control; and flood pattern due drainage problems; Coordinators Environmental to increase flood and Conduct routine maintenance of water drainage system; assisted by and Social erosion water logging Construction sites to be cleaned properly after completion of Environmental officer; in drainage system; construction activities so that the natural drainage system may Specialists ESS3 not hampered; A separate and details hydro-morphological study should be conducted before starting construction activities; Waste Solid waste Remaining construction materials will be completely removed Contractor; MININFRA; 4,000,000 management; generation at from the streets, garden, impacted area of project sites and District; different village placed in the certified final disposal site agreed with the Environmental centres along the district environmental officer and the supervisor; and Health roads; Clean-up operation of construction sites will require restoration/ officer; re-vegetation actions by local plant species; ESS3 Avail solid waste bins and sort garbage at different important ESS1 centres along the roads to collect garbage according different categories (plastics, metals, glasses papers/ wood and biodegradable wastes); Ensure that solid wastes generated at different garbage collection sites are regularly & appropriately disposed of at authorized dumping sites. Private company may be contracted to collect and dispose solid waste on regular intervals; Sensitize nearby people about best solid management practices (3R principles: Reducing, Reusing or Recycling wastes) and principle of sorting wastes from the source; Total : 15,000,000 Source: Consultant, 2021 164 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.4 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (ESMP) 7.4.1 Introduction The benefits of environmental and social monitoring plan fall in three general categories: to audit mitigation measures, to refine impact assessment methods, and to improve project outcomes through adaptive environmental management. First, monitoring determines whether responsible agencies implemented the promised mitigation measures and whether these measures were effective. Second, monitoring compares the actual effects of a project to its predicted effects. Third, monitoring improves project outcomes through adaptive environmental management. 7.4.2 Institutional arrangement and roles For this project MININFRA is designated as the overall coordinating Ministry and represents the Government of Rwanda. The MININFRA will be the project executing Ministry with the key role of coordinating the implementing agencies (LODA and the Rubavu District) and other key players including RHA, RTDA, WASAC and REMA among others. LODA, RHA and RTDA will have an oversight role over the implementing agencies which include the Rubavu City. The oversight will include coordination and monitoring of performance of implementation of the respective sub-projects, risk management, monitoring & evaluation and disclosure of information, developing and putting in place performance agreements, and developing and implementing the communication strategy for Urban Development Project. It is worth noting that the Contractor as the project implementer and Consultant as the project supervisor will play a key role in the implementation of the project ESMP. The success in implementation of the project ESMP of RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City will highly depend on their joint efforts. The Contractor and Consultant shall have permanent staff (environmentalist and health and social safeguard officers), with the required skills and experience. 7.4.2.1 Local Administrative Entities Development Agency (LODA) LODA will have an oversight role over the implementing agencies which include the Rubavu City. Apart from the responsibilities discussed above, LODA will be responsible for: a. Managing of funds, and will host the Project Management Unit; b. Managing and oversee the implementation of the sub-projects by the beneficiary Rubavu District; c. Contracting of supervision and other consultancies, according to agreed procurement procedures; 165 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City d. Managing sub accounts according to agreed financial arrangements; e. Providing quarterly financial reports on physical and financial progress; f. Support supervision of the Environmental and Social Standards and ESF instruments Implementation g. Informing and engaging the Rubavu District; h. Providing technical assistance and trainings to the Rubavu City and other stakeholders; 7.4.2.2 Rwanda Development Board (RDB) The role of RDB is to review and approve the ESIA Reports and issue EIA certificate. 7.4.2.3 Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) REMA shall: a. Supervise the environmental impact assessment implementation, environmental audit, and any other environmental study. b. Supervised and assess development programs to ensure compliance with the laws on environment during their preparation and implementation; 7.4.2.4 Contractor The Contractor shall: a) Be responsible for developing the ESMP (Contractor's ESMP) to achieve the environmental specifications contained herein and the relevant requirements contained in the Certificate of Approval, issued by RDB; b) Be responsible for the overall implementation of the ESMP in accordance with the provisions of ESMF, ESIA and conditions of Approval, issued by RDB; c) Ensure that all third parties who carry out all or part of the Contractor‘s obligations under the Contract comply with the requirements of this ESMP; and work closely with LODA, Districts and Supervisors/Consultant. d) Develop ESMP and Rehabilitation Plans for borrow pits, dumping sites and quarries e) Contracting the staff and provide them with protection equipment/ Gender sensitive; f) Ensure the Health and safety of the communities g) Restore the borrow pits and quarry to the near previous condition h) Conduct awareness programmes for HIV Aids, STD, Malaria, Covid-19 and Ebola prevention; 7.4.2.4.1 Environmental and Social Supervision and Monitoring by Contractors The client will require that contractors monitor, keep records and report on the following environmental and social issues for their subproject. The application of this requirement will be 166 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City proportionate to the activities and to the size of the contract, in manner acceptable to the World Bank:  Safety: hours worked, recordable incidents and corresponding Root Cause Analysis (lost time incidents, medical treatment cases), first aid cases, high potential near misses, and remedial and preventive activities required (for example, revised job safety analysis, new or different equipment, skills training, and so forth);  Environmental incidents and near misses: environmental incidents and high potential near misses and how they have been addressed, what is outstanding, and lessons learned;  Major works: those undertaken and completed, progress against project schedule, and key work fronts (work areas).  E&S requirements: noncompliance incidents with permits and national law (legal noncompliance), project commitments, or other E&S requirements.  E&S inspections and audits: by contractor, engineer, or others, including authorities— to include date, inspector or auditor name, sites visited, and records reviewed, major findings, and actions taken.  Workers: number of workers, indication of origin (expatriate, local, nonlocal nationals), gender, age with evidence that no child labor is involved, and skill level (unskilled, skilled, supervisory, professional, management).  Training on E&S issues: including dates, number of trainees, and topics.  Footprint management: details of any work outside boundaries or major off-site impacts caused by ongoing construction—to include date, location, impacts, and actions taken;  External stakeholder engagement: highlights, including formal and informal meetings, and information disclosure and dissemination—to include a breakdown of women and men consulted and themes coming from various stakeholder groups, including vulnerable groups (e.g., disabled, elderly, children, etc.).  Details of any security risks: details of risks the contractor may be exposed to while performing its work—the threats may come from third parties external to the project.  Worker grievances: details including occurrence date, grievance, and date submitted; actions taken and dates; resolution (if any) and date; and follow-up yet to be taken— grievances listed should include those received since the preceding report and those that were unresolved at the time of that report.  External stakeholder grievances: grievance and date submitted, action(s) taken and date(s), resolution (if any) and date, and follow-up yet to be taken—grievances listed 167 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City should include those received since the preceding report and those that were unresolved at the time of that report. Grievance data should be gender-disaggregated.  Major changes to contractor’s environmental and social practices.  Deficiency and performance management: actions taken in response to previous notices of deficiency or observations regarding E&S performance and/or plans for actions to be taken—these should continue to be reported until UNOPS determines the issue is resolved satisfactorily. 7.4.2.5 The Rubavu District The Rubavu District will have the role of implementation of their respective sub-projects. They shall be responsible for the implementation of environmental laws, policies, strategies, objectives and programmes applicable to RUDP II phase 3. a) Monitor the compliance to the national guidelines for protection, conservation and promotion of the environment. b) Contracting of the contractor c) Participate in grievance redress process d) Organize consultation process. 7.4.2.6 Supervising Firm/ Consultant The consultant will be responsible for issuing instructions to the contractor and where environmental considerations call for action to be taken. The consultant Environmental Specialist shall submit regular written reports to districts and LODA on a monthly basis (in case of emergency, there should be a direct report). The Supervising Consultant will be responsible for the monitoring, reviewing and verifying of compliance with the ESMP (the plan) and conditions of the Certificate of Approval by the Contractor. His / Her duties in this regard will include, inter alia, the following: a) Confirming that the Certificate of Approval and all permits required (ESIA Certificate, permits for establishment of borrow pits, dumpsites, quarries, crusher and asphalt plants, etc) in terms of the applicable legislation have been obtained prior to the activity commencing; b) Monitoring and verifying that the ESMP (the plan), Conditions of Authorization in the Certificate of Approval and Contract are adhered to at all times and taking action if specifications are not followed; c) Monitoring and verifying that environmental impacts are prevented or kept to a 168 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City minimum. d) Reviewing and approving method statements, in order to ensure that the environmental specifications contained within this ESMP (the plan) and Certificate of Approval are adhered to. e) Inspecting the site and surrounding areas on a regular basis with regards to compliance with the ESMP (the plan), Certificate of Approval and Contract. f) Monitoring the undertaking by the Contractor of environmental awareness training for all new personnel on site during construction and for maintenance activities during operation. g) Ensuring that activities on site comply with all relevant environmental legislation. h) Ordering the removal of, person(s) and/or equipment not complying with the specifications of the ESMP and/or Certificate of Approval. i) Undertaking a continual internal review of the ESMP (the plan) and submitting any changes to LODA and/or REMA or RDB and the concerned Lead Agencies (in case of major changes) for review and approval. j) Checking the register of complaints maintained and ensuring that the correct actions are/were taken in response to these complaints. k) Checking that the required actions are/were undertaken to mitigate the impacts resulting from non-compliance. l) Reporting all incidences of non-compliance to the management of LODA. m) Conducting monthly environmental performance audits in respect of the activities undertaken relating to the project. n) Keeping a photographic record of progress on site during construction from an environmental perspective. o) Recommending additional environmental protection measures, shall this be necessary. p) Providing report back on any environmental issues at site meetings. q) Submit the status of the ESMP implementation on monthly, quarterly bases and at the end of the project. 7.4.2.7 Local community and community verifiers Local communities will be negatively impacted by the project activities during implementation as some of the services such as utility provision will be temporally interrupted. Community will also benefit also positively from this project through improved accessibility. Community participation is a basic human right and fundamental principle of democracy (RUDP II, SEP, 169 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 2020). The local community shall: a) Help to prevent or mitigate problems/complaints that may arise and hinder project progress in the next phases; b) Intervene in acquisition to agree on fair compensation of the loss caused by the project; c) Be useful agents in collection of data that will be vital in monitoring and as such they will play a role in the monitoring framework; d) Participate in and provide information on the effectiveness of grievance resolution. Community Verifiers will also support the project implementation by checking and keeping track of any issues caused by the contractors, impacts caused to the communities and reporting GRM or GBV issues. 7.4.2.8 Independent External Environmental Auditor An independent external environmental auditor shall be appointed by LODA to ensure compliance with the ESMP (the plan). The intervals at which environmental audits shall be undertaken shall be agreed upon by LODA, the Contractor, Supervising Consultant, districts and REMA. The environmental audit programme shall at least include the following: a) A comprehensive environmental audit will be undertaken at the completion of the construction phase to verify compliance with the ESMP, Certificate of Approval and all applicable environmental legislation. An audit report shall contain recommendations on environmental management activities which are required to be implemented within the subsequent phase. The external auditor shall report concurrently to Contractor and LODA. b) Periodic environmental audits to be undertaken during operations phase in order to verify on-going satisfactory environmental management performance. These audits must be followed up with appropriate remedial and, corrective actions when the audit findings demonstrate any non-conformance or non-compliance with specifications of ESMP (the plan). c) Compile and agree on (together with LODA) a template for the appointed Supervising Consultant‘s monthly reports essentially meaning that an Independent Environmental Auditor (IEA) will need to be appointed right at the commencement of the project. 170 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.4.3 Implementing Management Arrangements 7.4.3.1 Project performance up to date LODA Team: The main implementing agency of the project has a dedicated team of three people (an environmental specialist, a social specialist and a civil engineer) to provide support to the local government of the Rubavu District. The Rubavu District: The District has an Environmental Specialist, Social Specialist and Road engineer whose responsibilities include supervising all civil works being developed in the Rubavu City. However, this task has been challenged with the multiple issues:  Limited staff for the project supervision;  Limited stakeholder’s engagement;  Contractors and supervising firms with limited attention to social and environmental issues;  Resettlement issues have delayed works and compensation to affected people;  Basic services like water, electricity, have been interrupted for periods longer than expected and created more impacts to local inhabitants;  Slopes cutting left very high slopes in front of vulnerable houses;  Access to houses have been a major impact of the project and putting provisional and safe access should be a priority in the new project;  Dumping of construction debris or soil have been an issue with some contractors;  Restoration of borrow pits and camp areas not well done;  Drainage works not taking into account the recipient;  Contractors without adequate facilities for eating, drinking water, resting and washing, first aid kits to treat minor cuts or burns; As result of the lessons learned, for this project, the ESIA will detail all requirements to overcome these challenges and improve the overall environmental and social management of the project. Also the Bidding documents and contracting documents will include the environmental clauses, requirements in the Bill of quantities. LODA and Rubavu District will be responsible to include in all ESIAs the Environmental and Social technical clauses for the bidding documents and contracts to ensure that the contractor has a mandatory duty to apply all environmental, health and safety and social prevention, mitigation and compensation measures included in the ESIA. The details about Environmental, Health and Social Clauses for bidding document are given in Chap. 10. 171 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.4.3.2 Project Safeguard Management Capacity For the successful implementation of the project ESMP, the project key actors (client, consultant and contractor) should have staff with required capacity for environmental and social safeguard as detailed below: o The Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA) will be responsible for the overall project coordination through the Project Coordination Unit (PCU). It has the overall responsibility for infrastructure development in the country. It has the mandate for policy and coordination on urbanization. MININFRA has implemented various Bank funded operations and has experience in safeguards application, but has limited experience with the ESF. MININFRA has two environmental and social specialists in the Division of Urbanization, Human Settlement and Housing Development but they will not have time to participate in the project. It has been agreed to hire an Environmental and Social Coordinator for RUDP II to coordinate the work with all implementing agencies. o At REMA level: REMA has been implementing WB supported projects and is currently implementing LAFREC. However, it has limited eexperience working with WB Bank projects and new ESF. REMA reserves the legal mandate for national environmental protection, conservation, promotion and overall management. Its participation in the project will be very beneficial to bring up environmental compliance and performance at a higher interest. REMA staff from the environment compliance and enforcement division should inspect and audit the project compliance to Environmental regulations. o At LODA level: LODA through a Single Project Implementation Unit (SPIU) will be responsible of project implementation. LODA has experience working with the Bank and is currently implementing four Bank funded operations which are following the World Bank safeguards policies. LODA has two permanent staffs (Environmental Specialist and Social safeguard specialist) to inspect the project compliance to the environmental and social/health/safety standards and report to WB Environmental and Social Risk Management Team; o At Rubavu District level: The Districts have a staff with the role of environmental officer. The environmental officer is in charge of several duties and projects. At the moment there is no position of social specialist at the District level. The project will hire two project staff: Environmental and social safeguard expert and project engineer to enforce environmental and social compliance, and report to LODA Environmental 172 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City and Social Risk Management Team. The District through the Labor Inspector will also enforce the project compliance with the Law Regulating Labor in Rwanda, 2018; o At the level of the consultant firm: The consultant will hire two staff: Eenvironmental Specialist and Social, Health and Safety ssafeguard Specialist to monitor the implementation of the ESMP and issue the instructions for the actions to be taken for the proper implementation of the ESMP. The consultant will be reporting to Rubavu District and or LODA; o At the Contractor’s level: Hire 3 specialists: (1) Environmental Specialist; (2) The Social Risk Management Specialist; (3) The Safety, Health and First Aid Specialist, to implement the project environmental, social, health and safety standards as described in the ESMP. The team will be reporting to the consultant firm. While the LODA staff have the required capacity (they got various trainings on environmental and social risk management) for the monitoring and supervision of this project, the staff of other project key actors (MININFRA and REMA) and the staff to be hired at the district, consultant and contractor’s level may not have the required experience with the WB ESF instruments. Before the commencement of the project work, it is of prime importance to train all key staff to be involved in the project implementation. Details about trainings are shown in section 7-10 and Table 7-14. 7.4.4 Environmental monitoring parameters and permissible standards Environmental monitoring of environmental parameters (noise levels, water quality, air quality, erosion/wastes, vegetation clearance, work and traffic safety, among others) is required for all works financed under RUDP II and for the proposed works in Rubavu. 7.4.4.1 Water quality The contractor shall monitor the water quality in terms of Turbidity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chloride, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Grease and Oil, and Fecal coliforms at different sites shown in Figure 4-1 and Table 4-2, to check the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures. 7.4.4.2 Noise Levels Monitoring Noise during construction is expected to be a problem within the project area, hence periodic sampling of the contractor equipment and at work sites should be undertaken to check the effectiveness of the mitigation measures are in place. Noise level will be checked against the 173 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City baseline levels reported in chapter 5 (Figure 5-5). For consistency purpose, the noise levels will be measured at sites shown in Figure 4-2. 7.4.4.3 Air Quality The contractor shall monitor dust levels during earthmoving and excavation activities. The contractor shall also monitor gas emissions from the project vehicles to check the compliance with the air quality standards (Table 4-3). 7.4.4.4 Storm water monitoring plan This storm water monitoring plan is intended to ensure that all the mitigation measures proposed are addressed in the management plan. The purpose of an environmental monitoring plan is to: ● Define the mitigation monitoring and execution requirements associated with the construction and operation phase of this project; ● Define the indicators and processes used to identify and execute mitigation actions related to the project; ● Ensure that any other impacts that may arise out of the project during implementation can be identified from indicators set and appropriate mitigation measures are taken; ● Establishing roles and responsibilities and implementing procedures for effective execution of the mitigation process; This plan describes the mitigation monitoring and execution approach, responsibilities, and procedures associated with the Project. The storm water monitoring plans for the different project phases (construction and operation) are given according to the proposed mitigation measures (Table 7-9, Table 7-10). 7.4.4.5 Soil Erosion Monitoring The excavation of earth for the construction of roads, work camps and storage facilities will exacerbate soil erosion. It will, therefore, be the responsibility of the Contractor ‘s environmentalist to ensure the implementation and effectiveness of erosion control measures. Focus should be given to work sites where soil is disturbed and its immediate environ during and after vegetation clearing. 7.4.4.6 Monitoring Rehabilitation of campsites The Contractor ‘s environmental, health and safety inspection team should ensure that areas used as temporary campsites for workers and storage of hazardous materials during construction are 174 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City progressively rehabilitated as they are no longer required. Once a site is rehabilitated it should be signed off by REMA or the Rubavu District environmental officer. 7.4.4.7 Monitoring of Accidents/Health The Contractor ‘s environmental, health and safety inspection team must make sure that appropriate signs are posted at appropriate locations/positions to minimize/eliminate risk of accidents. In addition, the environmental inspectors should monitor the following: a) All the workers are adequately provided with Personal Protective Equipment‘s/gears depending on the nature of assignment; b) Measures to create awareness regarding sexually transmitted diseases, primarily HIV/AIDS, and other diseases such as malaria retaken; c) Preventive measures to reduce/eliminate malarial, infections where/when ever appropriate are put in place; d) Periodic health surveys are carried out along the transmission route; LODA will have overall responsibility to oversee that all environmental measures are put in place and that regulations are enforced. The construction supervision consultant should assist LODA in this process in order to make sure that contractors fulfil the environmental requirements. The following parameters could be used as indicators: a) Presence of posted visible signs at construction sites; b) Presence of sanitary facilities at construction sites; c) Level of awareness of communities pertaining to dangers/risks associated with asphalt road project; d) Accidents and incidents reports. 7.4.4.8 Waste Management Monitoring The Construction Contractor shall regularly monitor the management of wastes through the following parameters:  Quantity of waste generated  Metric tons of earth waste  Location and status of the dumpsite  Frequency of waste collection from the generation sites. 7.4.4.9 Oil Spillage Monitoring Oil spills, along the project site and within workshop premises, to be one of the key issues for 175 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City monitoring. Specify parameters to monitor will include oil, greases and surface water (of Sebeya River and Lake Kivu). 7.4.4.10 Re-vegetation maintenance and monitoring After rehabilitation activities are undertaken, rehabilitated areas will be inspected in the period of six months for up to 2 years to assess rehabilitation performance against the completion criteria outlined below. Monitoring of the rehabilitation activities will determine if follow up seeding will be required. Monitoring will essentially involve visual assessment to ensure the rehabilitation works have been implemented as planned. Table 7-7 shall be used as the monitoring guide to assess the success or otherwise of the re-vegetation/ rehabilitation plan. Table 7- 7: Re-vegetation Monitoring Guide Criterion Target After six After one year After two months years Ornamental grass foliage >90 50 90 >90 cover (%) excluding weeds Ornamental trees 1 stem per 5 m 1 stem per 5 1 stem per 5 m 1 stem per 5 spacing per road m spacing per spacing per m spacing per side road side road side road side Mean weed foliage cover <5 <20 <10 <5 (%). Amount of bare soil areas <5 <50 <10 <5 (%). 7.4.4.11 How to monitor Monitoring will be done through site inspection, review of grievances logged by stakeholders and ad hoc discussions with potentially affected persons. For each monitoring visit, a discussion with a chairperson of the local grievance committee of the area’s local leadership at District level could provide insight into grievances a given community has about the project. Monitoring will be undertaken by an interagency committee involving local government offices and key institutions mandated for these roles including RTDA and LODA Implementing Unit. Monitoring will be undertaken at different frequency (daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly) over the construction period. Detailed monthly monitoring reports with clear illustrations of implementation of mitigation measures shall be compiled by the contractor ‘s environmental officer under oversight of the supervising engineer. The reports will be based on records kept as per requirements of the General Specifications of the Road & Bridge Works. These detailed reports with evidence of compliance shall be prepared and appended to summary monthly reports. Table 7-8 presents the environmental Monitoring Plan, including monitoring parameters, location, means, frequency, responsibility and cost. 176 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 7- 8: Environmental Monitoring Plan Parameter/ Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency Cost estimate Activity Implemented by Supervised by (RfW) During Project Implementation Stone/Sand At borrow pits/quarries Ecological ( Biophysical) Weekly Contractor Consultant/ 2,500,000 Collection sites/ rivers inspection of the sites before Environmental extraction activities of the Specialist stone/sand start; Sediment quality Any place in river or Laboratory analysis for metals Before sand Contractor at Consultant/ 3,000,000 for heavy metals stream where (lead, cadmium, chromium, extraction recognized Environmental construction materials copper, manganese, mercury national Specialist (sand) will be extracted and zinc) and oil/grease laboratory Soil pollution Construction sites, Visual inspection at filling area Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A Campsites, Material that no effluent/spills to Environmental storage sites; Water soil/land/agricultural lands Specialist drainage channel; Stability of Cut, Filled, Visual inspection of erosion Monthly District N/A slopes Embankment sites; prevention measures, Retaining Engineer walls, Compacted area; Hydrocarbon At campsite, yards Visual inspection at storage Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A and Chemical facilities Environmental storage Specialist Traffic Safety Construction sites, Visual inspection of traffic Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A Access roads, signs/ flags persons placed/used Environmental Pedestrian walkways, for traffic management; Specialist Air Quality Construction and Visual inspection to ensure dust Daily/ Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A (dust, smoke) extraction sites/ suppression measures (e.g., Environmental Material storage sites; spraying of waters) are in place, Specialist equipment/machinery in use are in good standard/ condition; Sensitive receptors Continuous monitoring using Quarterly Contractor Consultant/ 3,000,000 (homesteads, schools, appropriate instruments and Environmental health centre, church, analyzers ( for particulate Specialist local administrative matter, Carbon dioxide, ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Parameter/ Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency Cost estimate Activity Implemented by Supervised by (RfW) offices,…) along the Sulphur, Nitrogen oxides) road corridor; Noise Construction and Noise measurement (Noise Weekly Contractor Consultant/ 2,500,000 extraction sites; levels on dB); Environmental Work restriction between 6:00 Specialist a.m.-17:00 p.m. close to sensitive sites; Surface Water Sebeya river and Lake Water sampling, analysis (TDS, Quarterly Contractor at Consultant/ 10,000,000 Quality Kivu (at drainage Turbidity, pH, dissolved recognized Environmental outlets) oxygen, biological and chemical laboratory Specialist oxygen demand) Groundwater At tube-well Depth of tube-well to be more During drilling Contractor at Consultant/ 15,000,000 quality installation, Water- than 30m; of wells; recognized Environmental wells for drinking; Test water for arsenic iron and laboratory Specialist manganese before installing of casing. If the quality is found After not suitable further deepening development of will be done. Laboratory wells analysis of all drinking water parameters specified in national standards Tree-planting/ Cleared/tree cut sites, Visual inspection for planted Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A revegetation Water drainage slopes, trees and taking care of them; Environmental Specialist Biodiversity Natural sensitive sites: Sites monitoring in terms of Once the Biodiversity Consultant/ 2,000,000 Sebeya river, Lake biodiversity taxa; proposed roads consulting firm Environmental Kivu construction is Specialist approved; Waste Construction and Visual inspection that solid Monthly Contractor Consultant/ N/A management extraction sites, camp waste is properly disposed at Environmental sites (small areas for construction and camp sites Specialist storage, office, cleaning areas for workers) ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Parameter/ Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency Cost estimate Activity Implemented by Supervised by (RfW) Drinking water Construction and Visual inspection that workers Daily Contractor Consultant/ N/A and sanitation extraction sites, are provided with clean water Environmental campsites, Laboratory, and sanitation facilities (e.g., Specialist toilet paper, hand sanitizer,…); Restoration of Work/ Cleared sites Visual inspection of restored After Contractor District N/A work sites sites (e.g. by tree planting, completion of Engineer; filling of open borrow pits); works Consultant/ Environmental Specialist Safety of At work sites Inspection of use of Personal Monthly Contractor Environmental 2,000,000 workers protective equipment (PPEs) and Social Monitoring and and implementation of Specialist reporting Occupational Health and Safety accidents to workers; Grievances Buhuru-Byahi- Number of grievances Monthly Protection Environmental N/A (environmental Rugerero Project area registered and addressed implementation Social issues) Unit (PIU) Specialist Stability of Slope sites, Visual inspection of erosion Monthly RUDP II Protection N/A protection works Resettlement sites control implementation Unit (PIU) Total 40,000,000 Source: Adapted from ESMF, 2020 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.5 Storm Water Management Plan 7.5.1 Importance of a storm water management plan The purpose of a storm water management plan is to protect, maintain and enhance the public health, safety, and general welfare of humans and the environment by establishing minimum requirements and procedures to control the adverse impacts associated with increased storm water runoff. Proper management of storm water runoff will minimize damage to public and private property, reduce the effects of development on land, control stream channel erosion, pollution and sediment deposition, reduce local flooding, and, in some instances, maintain the pre-development runoff characteristics. This project appreciates the importance of managing storm water, understands and shall abide by the ruling that discharge of any storm water, non-treated drain waters and waste from any plot area to the surface bodies or on the surrounding land is forbidden. The proposed storm water management measures to curb any predicted storm water run-off from this project, either at the construction or operation phases are presented below. 7.5.2 Storm water management measures The kind of management measures for adaptation at the project site during roads, standalones and ponds construction in the Rubavu City can be categorized as: ● Non-structural storm water management measures and, ● Structural storm water management measures. Non-structural storm water management measures Non-structural storm water measures are preventative actions that involve managerial planning and source controls. The following are non-structural storm water management practices that shall be applied at both the construction and operation phases of the project to minimize increases in new development runoff: Construction phase ● Establishment of a temporary storm water collection pond made of impervious material, positioned at probably the lowest points of the road alignment and drainage based on the project area contours. This will hold water which may be used for construction of the 180 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City road and drainage and also serve other purposes. ● Phased excavation to avoid opening big chunks of land at once, ● Fast tracking of the project works to avoid stockpiles open for long, ● Compacting of excavated area to minimize erosion effect from storm water. During operation phase ● Natural area conservation- Green areas and other vegetation cover shall be provided for the road and drainage side and surrounding the project area to reduce run-off, through planting of grass and trees; ● Disconnection of rooftop runoff- rain collection gutters along the roof top of the offices or camp sites shall be directed into water tanks from which water shall be sourced for equipment washing and pavement cleaning. Structural storm water management measures Structural storm water measures are physically constructed controls that may remove pollutants from runoff, limit the rate of runoff, prevent contact between runoff and pollutants, and stabilize pollutants. The following structural storm water management practices shall be designed to satisfy an applicable minimum control at both the construction and operation phase. ● Well networked surface drainage open channels covered by grills shall be built within alongside the roads and along the access roads. ● Water drains shall be built to channel surface water into a planned storm water collection pond at the construction stage. ● Physical buffering through well planned landscaping of the project site is planned for, to reduce the run-off velocity thereby reducing soil erosion, sedimentation or any other adverse effects of storm water. Vegetative buffers (such as grass growing), to allow for storm water management infiltration, shall assist in ground infiltration of the likely storm run-off and thereby improving the ground water re-charge. Table 7-9 and 7-10 present the plan for the management of the storm water during construction and operational phase. 181 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 7- 9: Storm water management plan during Construction phase Activity Requirements Procedure Implementation Responsibility Cost estimate schedule (in RFw) Storm water Site plans Phased Road and drainage, Contractor management indicating the excavation of the campsites clearing area to be road corridor to time. excavated avoid opening big chunks of land at Work once. Fast tracking of Excavation for Contractor implementation the project works drainage and road. Cost covered in schedules to avoid keeping civil works excavated areas related to open for long. Drainage Ground Compacting of Foundation Contractor compacting excavated area to backfilling time. equipment minimize erosion Levelling of site effect. after construction. Work Physical Foundation Contractor implementation buffering through backfilling time. schedules well planned Levelling of site/ landscaping of roads/ drainage the project site. after construction. Table 7- 10: Storm water management plan during operational phase Activity Requirements Procedure Implementation Responsibility Cost estimate schedule (in RFw) Storm water Provision of Green areas and At the end of the District or its 5,000,000 management green areas. other vegetation construction, when Contractor cover are provided preparing the road for alongside the and drainage for roads and drainages commissioning. to prevent erosion and beautify the developed areas. Paving of side Pavement of At the end of the District or its 5,000,000 and cycle walkways and construction, when Contractor lanes cycle lanes thus preparing the road/ minimizing erosion drainage for and dust effect and commissioning. reduce road usage conflicts. Periodic Removal of silt, During the project District or its 5,000,000 per drainage trashes and deposits operation Contractor year maintenance in the drains including cleaning and repairs of damaged drains 182 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.5.3 Road side Ponds/Lagoons Management The roadside storm water retention ponds/lagoons are engineered devices intended to moderate flood surges, reduce storm rainwater pollution mainly to the surrounding community and, prevent roadside damage. The ponds are designed to collect the highest water volume since the ponds would not discharge water through an outlet structure which releases water to natural water drains in the project area. Roadside consideration for storm water pond/lagoon include (NCDT-HSP, 2010): a) Sedimentation: Since storm water pond traps sediments, they shall be designed to accumulate sediment trash and debris and shall need to be regularly dredged when the pool volume is half-filled with sediment. b) Inspection: the inlet of the ponds shall be inspected regularly (with screenings) to prevent solid wastes entry and blockages. Large trees and shrubs should not be allowed to grow around the inlet to allow for maintenance access. c) Security and Safety: typical hazards related to storm water ponds include drowning, entrapment in the confined spaces of inlet, slips and falls on steep embankment slopes or slippery surfaces. The pond/lagoon shall be fenced to avoid individual pond access and use. Roadside signs placement and community awareness education shall also be conducted to be aware of any possible liability issues related to the hazards posed by storm water ponds. Storm water ponds/lagoons require two types of maintenance: (1) routine maintenance and (2) emergency maintenance. 7.5.3.1 Routine maintenance of roadside lagoon Routine and infrequent maintenance tasks including:  periodic maintenance of grasses, shrubs and trees;  removal of undesirable plant species;  removal of sediments, trash and debris;  Upkeep of mechanical and structural components. 7.5.3.2 Periodic maintenance of grasses, shrubs, trees a) Turf-type Grasses: Turf-type grasses are used to stabilize the areas surrounding a pond/lagoon. The grasses provide soil stability, reduce water flow velocities, and help maintain the structural integrity of storm water controls. They also serve as pretreatment for storm water controls by slowing the overland runoff and filtering out sediment and pollutants. 183 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City The list of the turf-type grasses that can be used are: Cynodon dactylon (umucaca), Eragrostis recemosa (Umutsina), Settaria sps (Urwiri) and Paspalum notatum (pasiparumu). b) Herbaceous Plants: A mixture of grasses and herbaceous native plants is essential for effective operation and function of stormwater pond/lagoon. The plants do not only stabilize the soil and prevent erosion, but also remove nutrients, metals, and other pollutants from stormwater runoff. The following herbaceous plant can be used: Cyperus latiforius (Igikangaga), Cyperus papyrus (Urufunzo), Hyparrhenia filipendula (Umukenke), Miscanthus sinensis (Urubingo), Yushania alpine (Umugano) and Caesalpinia decapetale (Umufatangwe). c) Shrubs and Trees: shrubs and trees are often used on the floor of wet detention basins to provide valuable shade which helps regulate water temperatures. High water temperatures can be harmful to aquatic animals and direct sunlight upon the water’s surface and this can cause an increase in algal blooms. Shrubs and trees are also used to enhance the aesthetic appeal of stormwater controls enabling them to blend into the landscape. The following shrubs and trees can be used: Triumfetta cordifolia (Umunaba), Croton macrostachyus (Umubonobona), Rubus apelatus (Umukeri), Lanthana trifolia (Umuhengeri), Iboza riparia (Umuravumba), Ocimum lamiifilium (Umwenya), Erythrococca fisheri (Umucundura), Vemonia amygdaline (Umubirizi), Acanthus pubescens (Igitovu), Cassia sps (Umucyuro), Erythrina abyssinica (Umuko), Markhamia lutea (Umusave), Aeschysomena schimperi (Umunyegenyege), Cassia occidentalis (Umwicanzoka) and Polycias fulva/kikuyensis (Umwungo) among others. 7.5.3.3 Removal of trash and debris Trash and other debris can pollute surface waters and damage storm water control devices (pond). The removal of floating trash and other debris do not only improve water quality, but also improve the overall aesthetic appeal of a pond/lagoon surface. Trash should be removed on a routine basis as part of the maintenance activities. 7.5.3.4 Mechanical/structural components maintenance Mechanical/structural components need to be maintained regularly in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure that they remain functional at all times. All mechanical components, including drainage, fence, gate, trash racks should be operated during each inspection to ensure that they function properly. Check security components such as fences, 184 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City gates, and locks for soundness and; repair any fence, gate, or lock found damaged in a timely manner in order to restore site security and safety. 7.5.3.5 Emergency Maintenance Emergency maintenance is a non-routine repair performed to correct a problem and restore the pond/lagoon system to its proper working order. Emergency maintenance require both structural repair and soil stabilization works and, immediate action is carried out to correct the problem(s) or alert the responsible parties of maintenance/ repair. Care should be taken to avoid using equipment that can cause soil compaction in or around the pond that may result in reduced infiltration and damage to underdrain systems. Safety considerations must be a constant focus when conducting routine maintenance. Tasks associated with emergency maintenance include, but are not limited to:  Sediment removal  Structural repair  Erosion repair/bank stabilization. 7.5.3.6 Sediment removal The degree to which sediment accumulates will depend on the upstream sediment source, rainfall intensity, and the amount of runoff that the pond receives. Any sediment found blocking the inlet of pond should be removed. If sediment buildups are allowed to block inlets, storm water may be diverted to surround areas and, causes erosion or flooding. In general, sediment should be removed when it exceeds 50% of the fore bay’s storage capacity or the original design sediment storage depth. The removed sediment must be transferred to a waste pile company that is protected from storm water run-on. Other management measures include:  Increase community awareness of the benefits of the ponds/ lagoons at roadside and participate in its management;  Fence the entire pond/lagoon surface to avoid people/ children and animal encroachment to the lagoon banks and water;  Identification of enforcement hotspot areas within the lagoon to guide surveillance and enforcement activities;  Ensure screening of solid wastes is done before runoff reaching the pond/lagoon. 185 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.6 Contingency Plan 7.6.1 Spills 7.6.1.1 Petroleum/Gasoline spills Petroleum/Gasoline may be stored on-site for use by machinery and vehicles during construction of the roads in the Rubavu City. Petrol/gasoline spill is: a) Highly flammable b) Explosive when in vapor foam c) Easily ignited by flame or spark; lighter than water (floats on water) d) Toxic to humans by ingestion e) Toxic to aquatic organisms The initial response to petrol/gasoline spill will be: a) Stopping the flow at the source if possible. b) Eliminating all possible sources of ignition (e.g. extinguish cigarette, shut off motors, generators) c) Evacuating danger area d) Carefully considering the hazards and merits of trying to contain the spill if it is safe to do so and obvious benefits of containment is apparent (e.g. contain if flowing towards a water course.) otherwise leave gasoline to spread and evaporate e) Meeting at the emergency assembly point f) Notifying the Supervising consultant. In the event of fire, the response will be: a) Using CO2 , dry chemical, foam or water spray(fog); b) Using jet streams to wash away burning gasoline. c) Diverting the gasoline to an open area and let it burn under control. d) Using water to cool the tank surfaces. e) Being aware of re-ignition if the fire is put out before all the gasoline is consumed. Petrol/gasoline can be recovered in the following manner: a) Unburnt gasoline can be soaked up by sand or pit moss or by commercial sorbets. b) If necessary, contaminated soil will be excavated, 186 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City c) Gasoline entering the ground can be recovered digging sumps or trenches and pumping from below water table. d) Petrol/ gasoline can be disposed of in the following manner. e) Evaporation incineration under controlled manner. 7.6.1.2 Other Fuels and Oil Products Fuel and Oil products spills will be contained using local earth material and /or sand bags. Spill clean-up equipment specifically designed for other fuel and Oil products are to be located at the construction camp areas and at other detached storages. Dangers associated with fuel oil spills include: a) Risks associated with flammability. b) Mildly toxic by ingestion, highly toxic if aspirated. c) Moderately toxic to aquatic organisms. d) Harmful to water fowl e) Floats on water. Spills or leaks of all light and medium oils, including fuel oil at storage facilities will be responded to by the following steps: a) Identifying the source of the leak or spill b) Stopping flow if possible c) Eliminating open flame ignition processes. d) Containing the spill. e) Notifying the Supervisor's Representatives f) Initiating Spill Response Plan. In the event of tank rapture, the containment berm is designed to contain the full capacity of the tank. This will allow the oil to be contained and pumped out into salvage tanks. Contaminated soil from the site will be excavated, and transported to a treatment facility or treated on site by air sparging. Spilled diesel fuel can be covered by commercial sorbents or by sand straw or peat moss. If necessary, contaminated soil will be excavated. Digging sumps or trenches and pumping from below water table can recover diesel fuel saturated soil. Fuel spills on land will be responded to by 187 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City the following procedures: a) Construction of earth berm down slope of the running or seeping fluid. b) Plastic taps may be placed at the base of the berm to allow the fuel pool on the plastic tarp for easy capture with absorbent pads, c) Pads may be squeezed into empty drums and re-used. d) Larger pools may be pumped back into the drums. e) Special care will be taken to prevent the fuel from entering the water body or water where it will have greater negative impact. f) Contaminated soil and vegetation may have to be removed and disposed off at well designated dump site in each district. Fire Response methods for Diesel Fuel includes: a) CO2, dry chemical, form, or water spray. b) Water to cool tank surface. c) Diversion of the diesel to an open area and let it burn of under control. d) Awareness of re-ignition if the fire is put before all diesel fuel is consumed Fuel spills on water will be contained immediately to restrict the extent of the floating fuel. The methods, which may be used to contain the fuel include: a) Booms deployed to contain the spill. b) Absorbent pads used to capture small spills on watercourse. c) A skimmer to recover oil contained by boom and then pumps the recovered fuel into empty fuel drums. 7.6.1.3 Acid Spills These occur mainly from vehicle batteries and other materials with acidic chemical properties. Spills of acid will be contained using sand bags and neutralization can be accomplished using either soda ash or lime. Both the sand bags and lime will be stored at equipment maintenance yards‘/service areas. Following neutralization, the area will be carefully flushed with water. Any water used for flushing a spill shall be contained, recovered and disposed of in an approved manner. 188 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.6.1.4 Concrete During any course of concrete pour in the storm water pathways but mainly in the water courses, carbon-dioxide cylinders will be ready for use to neutralize the effect of the concrete. 7.6.1. 5 Plan Review and Training The Spill Contingency and Response Plan will be monitored periodically by the Supervising consultant, Environmental officer (Contractors side), the Contractor's Project Manager and the District Environmentalist. Reviews will include updates to the products on site, suggested amendments to the plan, and reviews of handling and spill mitigation measures and other relevant information. The Spill Contingency and Response Plan will be a key component of Environmental Awareness Training Programs. All personnel on site will receive training in the use of the plan, prevention, expected reporting of spills, reporting structure, response, and follow-up. 7.6.2 Damages to environment and properties The construction and civil works will involve intensive works and heavy trucks and machineries that may lead to unexpected damages to the different components of environment (water, air, land) including buildings and utilities. The construction works may lead to unexpected pollution to water resources, air quality, destabilization of cuts and embankment leading to erosion and landslide. When happens, the contractor, and the client (LODA and Rubavu District) will  Assess damages to water resources, air quality and land; and undertake the remedial actions;  Assess damages to properties or utility services and determine the extent of the damage whether it is repairable or a new property if required all together;  Undertake a temporary measure of giving temporary shelter to the affected family as valuation is on-going, if the property is adversely affected that it’s not usable.  Ensure the Project affected or damaged properties and services are fixed otherwise compensated at full replacement cost. 189 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.7. Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan This plan provides potential community health, safety and a security risk associated with the implementation of RUDP II Phase 3 and helps to provide guidance that respond and mitigate the identified risks. Under this plan all applicable laws and standards stated in legal and institutional framework shall apply. Table 7-11 summarizes the Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan. Table 7- 11: Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan for RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu Potential Risk Mitigation Measures Responsible Increased pressure on health  Health services of the new workers shall be Contractor services and infrastructure. provided especially the medical Community New workers from outside insurance―Mutuelle de santé and where possible, Liaison and areas to the project area will the contractor may assist with the improvement Health Officer increase demand on existing of healthcare infrastructure. health services Spread of Communicable  Awareness campaigns on hygiene and Contractor diseases. New workers to sanitation and how these diseases spread. Community the area could bring with it Liaison and an increase of Health Officer communicable diseases. Dust from transport and  Control speed limits; Contracto vehicles and machineries on  Haul truck transporting volatile construction r roads materials Environm  Ensure haul trucks are not overloaded and are ental covered where necessary; Officer  Control of moisture content on haul road via sprinkling;  Monitoring to ensure all dust emission are within national and international best practice limits. 190 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Potential Risk Mitigation Measures Responsible Work’s accident  Ensure all staff in construction activities Contracto have protective equipment (e.g. helmets, r dust masks, gloves, safety glasses, boots); Environm  Avail first aid kit on-site, train some ental people techniques of handling injured Officer people;  Transport means to be always present and ready to transport injured to nearest clinic; Health insurance for the personnel;  Ensure machinery, equipment, personal protective equipment, appliances and hand tools do comply with prescribed safety and health standards;  Implement all measures detailed Sections 7.7 (Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan) Road accidents  Control speed limits; Contracto  Ensure haul trucks are not overloaded and are r Safety covered where necessary; Officer  Investigate reasons and implement stricter or new measures if need it.  Erect speed control signs  Community awareness  All measures are written in separate Traffic Management Plan Diffuse run-off from roads,  Ditches will channel surface water runoff to the Contracto construction areas and other designated safe areas r disturbed areas may contain  Safe disposal of wastewater; Environm elevated concentrations of  Water quality (see section 4-4) ental suspended solids or Officer monitoring will be conducted at sites pollutants. indicated in Table and Figure 4-1 and Table 4-2 191 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Potential Risk Mitigation Measures Responsible Potential noise pollution  Construction activities will be limited in Contractor during construction. day’s hours; Community  Speed restrictions at noisy sensitive area Liaison and  Workers exposed to noise will wear high Health Officer efficiency mufflers.  Monitoring of noise will be conducted at sites indicated in Figure 4-2 Potential Economic  Local residents will be hired where possible Contractor impact on household  Implementation of a Livelihood Restoration Community livelihoods Programme in the project area Liaison and Health Officer Loss of properties due to  Ensure expropriation and compensation are Contractor road upgrading carried out as per the ARAP and expropriation Community Law Liaison and  All compensations and expropriation should be Health Officer paid prior to commencement of works Gas emissions from project  Constant preventative emission control; Contracto vehicles, trucks and  Ensure all project vehicles and trucks have valid r Safety construction machineries vehicle inspection certificates, Officer  Good design of plant and use of modern machineries and plant;  Air quality monitoring. Dust from construction  Open pit engineering design to ensure less Contracto activities including quarries dust escapes and is captured in the void; r and borrow pits  Consider the meteorological conditions; Environm  Water sprays on excavators, ental  Workers provided with appropriate PPE. Officer 7.8 Traffic Management Plan and Safety Signage This proposed traffic management plan provides measures to avoid accidents during the implementation of RUDP II Phase 3 activities in the Rubavu City. 7.8.1 Issues and problems related to Traffic Management Plan The following issues can be identified: 192 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Lack of traffic discipline i. Trucks or construction machineries stop near intersections and in all lanes just in front of intersection without any consideration of traffic flow or stop in the middle of the road, ii. Trucks and construction machineries drive at high speed in the project road and can cause serious accidents, iii. Vehicles stop near intersections and in all lanes just in front of intersection without any consideration of traffic flow or stop in the middle of the road to pick up and/or drop passengers, iv. Motorized vehicles are parked along roads, even if parking is forbidden. Poor pedestrian facilities and behavior i. Pedestrians walk on the roadway because sidewalks are being upgraded, closed or occupied by unauthorized parking, ii. Pedestrians cross the road under construction everywhere and any time even if trucks, construction machineries or vehicle are passing through. iii. In roundabouts, pedestrians are waking anywhere and anytime when they want. Poor Traffic Operation i. The flag-person directs traffic against traffic/safety signals, ii. The flag-person uses sign posts which are not visible at distance or during darkness periods to direct traffic. iii. Many obstructions such as construction materials, construction equipment, construction wastes are occupied in road spaces. Poor traffic management facilities i. Road markings are non-existent or out of paint and lanes are not marked on the roadway, ii. Very few or poorly made road signs are installed on the road construction corridor and junctions; Poor traffic Signals 193 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City i. No truck, construction machineries and vehicle drivers follow traffic signal; ii. Some of the traffic signals are malfunctioning. Poor compliance for drivers Most of people do not follow traffic rules properly because most of drivers are not well- trained or are reluctant to abide by the traffic rules. Table 7-12 proposes the countermeasures of the Traffic issues. Table 7- 12: Proposed countermeasures the Traffic issues Problem Cause Countermeasure Responsible Lack of Trucks or construction All trucks and machineries Contractor; Health and safety traffic machineries stop near should not stop near Officer; Flag-person discipline intersections intersection Trucks and construction Speed limit sign posts should Contractor; Health and safety machineries drive at high speed be installed and a flag-person officer; Flag-person to ensure compliance Vehicles and construction Vehicle should be prohibited Contractor; Health and safety machineries stop in the middle of to stop in the middle of road officer; Flag-person the road when not at duty Motorized vehicles are parked A parking should be provided Contractor; Health and safety along roads officer; Flag-person Poor Pedestrians walk on the Ensure sidewalks are not Contractor; Health and safety pedestrian roadway occupied by unauthorized officer; Flag-person facilities parking and behavior Pedestrians cross the road under Pedestrians should be guided Contractor; Health and safety construction everywhere and any when crossing the road under officer; Flag-person time even construction Pedestrians are waking in Pedestrian should be stopped Contractor; Health and safety roundabouts, anywhere and from walking in the round or officer; Flag-person anytime when they want guided when construction activities are being carried out Poor Traffic The flag-person directs traffic The flag-person should follow Contractor Operation against traffic/safety signals the safety signals provided Health and safety officer; Flag-person The flag-person uses sign posts New and visible sign posts Contractor; Health and safety which are not visible at distance or should be provided officer; Flag-person during darkness periods to direct traffic 194 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Problem Cause Countermeasure Responsible Many obstructions such as All obstruction should be Contractor; Health and safety construction materials, removed on the road space officer; Flag-person construction equipment, and corridor construction wastes are occupied in road spaces. Poor Road markings are non-existent or Ensure all required sign posts Contractor; Health and safety traffic out of paint and lanes are not are installed or marked on the officer; Flag-person manage marked on the roadway roadway ment Very few or poorly made road Ensure worn out sign posts Contractor; Health and safety facilities signs are installed on the road are removed and replaced by officer; Flag-person construction corridor and new ones junctions. Poor No truck, construction machineries Ensure all drivers comply Contractor; Health and safety traffic and vehicle drivers follow traffic with traffic signs. Failure to officer; Flag-person Signals signal comply sanctions should be provided Some of the traffic signals are Ensure malfunctioning sign Contractor; Health and safety malfunctioning. posts are replaced officer; Flag-person Poor Most of people do not follow Toolbox meetings about Contractor compliance traffic rules properly most of traffic rules should be Health and safety for drivers drivers are not well-trained or provided to all workers and officer are reluctant to abide by the drivers Flag-person traffic rules. 7.8.2 Road safety signs Road safety signs to be used in this project are classified basing on the purpose and message intended as: regulatory signs, warning signs and advisory signs and temporary signs as detailed in the Table 7-13. These signs shall be installed to avoid accidents, injuries and fatalities. Table 7- 13: Road safety signs to be used during the implementation (construction phase) SIGN TYPE PURPOSE EXAMPLE MEANING REGULATORY Regulatory road sign are signs Vehicles should that are used to indicate or stop before reinforce traffic laws, regulations crossing or or requirements which apply continuing to a either at all times or at specified given direction times or places upon a road, street Strictly prohibited to or highway under use or enter. construction the disregard of which may constitute a violation, 195 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City SIGN TYPE PURPOSE EXAMPLE MEANING or signs in general that regulate No parking public. allowed at this point. One way sign. Not allowed to use the lane. Hooting not allowed. Slow down. Warning about students/ pedestrians crossing a road Speed limited at 30 km/h. Risk of stones falling on the road. Road closed to users. WARNING Warning sign is a type of sign Working place. which indicates a potential hazard, obstacle or condition requiring special attention. Some 196 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City SIGN TYPE PURPOSE EXAMPLE MEANING are traffic signs that indicate Narrow road hazards on roads that may not be ahead. readily apparent to a driver. The warning signs usually contain a symbol Humps ahead Informing that trucks and heavy machineries use the road. Area close to many users of the road. Zebra crossing ADVISORY Advisory sign posts are often seen Speed limit near a under a warning sign and typically turn. placed at sharp curves, exits, or exit ramps. Risk sliding or slippery area. Slope of 10 % ahead 197 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City SIGN TYPE PURPOSE EXAMPLE MEANING Speed limit to 40 km/h due to works. Source: adapted from https://in.pinterest.com/pin/814729388820637445/, 2020. 7.8.3 Diversions In order to carry out the construction works, it may be necessary to close or divert certain specified roads, either permanently or temporarily during the construction period. The contractor should arrange diversions for providing alternative route for transport and/or pedestrians. After breaking up, closing or otherwise interfering with any street or footpath to which the public has access, the Contractor shall make such arrangements as may be reasonably necessary so as to cause as little interference with the traffic in that street or footpath during construction of the rehabilitation works as shall be reasonably practicable. Wherever the construction works interfere with existing public or private roads or other ways over which there is a public or private right of way for any traffic, the Contractor shall construct diversion ways wherever possible. 7.9 Vegetation Restoration Plan 7.9.1 Rehabilitation objectives The purpose of the re-vegetation plan is to identify effective re-vegetation practices that help accelerate the natural succession processes that occur following the clearing of native vegetation and soil disturbance. The re-vegetation objectives are to:  Ensure roadside stability and minimize maintenance;  Ensure that conservation values and biodiversity are protected; and  Ensure local amenity and aesthetics are enhanced. 7.9.2. Existing vegetation The project area is the urban and semi-urban areas and has limited vegetation number/species along the road. The main vegetation along the road has been reported in Table 5-2. In general 198 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City vegetation in the project area is dominated by herbs (Digitaria sp., Bidens pilosa, Commelina africana, Ocimum lamiifolium, Cynodon dactylon, Settaria sp ), fruit trees (Citrus aurantium, Psidium guajava, Passiflora incarnate, Psidium guajava, Persea americana, Carica papaya, Manguifera indica) and wood trees (Acacia abyssinica, Eucalyptus sp., Pinus patula, Bambusa vulgaris, Grevillea robusta) and crops (Musa sapientum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Zea mays, Ipomoea batatas, Beta vulgaris, Brassica oleracea). 7.9.3 Types and quantity of vegetation to be planted Ideally, the reinstated roadside vegetation should be similar in structure and content to comparable naturally occurring vegetation in the local area and would reflect the vegetation communities present in the road reserve and adjacent bushland. However, as discussed in 7.9.2, the project area is typical urban and semi-urban areas and has limited natural vegetation. Our field investigations and desk works came up with a list of trees and grasses more adaptive to the Rubavu City climate and altitude and having good canopy and ornamental values. While trees shall be planted with spacing of 5 m, grasses shall be planted as many as possible with the aim to have grass foliage cover of over than 50%. The Rubavu District officials will have the right to select one or more of the native trees in the list below:  Umwungo (Begoniameyeri johannis),  Umuremere (Kigelia africana),  Umufu (Podocarpus usambarensis),  Umugo (Acacia polyacantha),  Umugwampore (Ficus glumosa),  Umuhere (Ficus ovata),  Umuhumuro (Maesopsiseminii),  Umukerenke (Ozoroareticulata),  Umukoli (Markhamia obtusifolia),  Umukongwa or Umukwa (Dombeya bagshawei),  Umumena or Umuremampango (Pappea capensis), 199 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Umurangara or Umubonobono (Croton macrostachyus),  Umusasa (Sapium ellipticum),  Umusebeya (Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia gummifera),  Umushikiri (Eucleas chimperi).  Umucaca (Pennisetum clandestinum)  Umunyinya (Acacia sieberana var. vermoesenii)  Umunyarugera (Acacia sieberana var. kagerensis)  Umugeshi (Hagenia abyssinica) However, the experience has shown that native species are sometimes hard to grow, require considerable effort to re-adapt to the disturbed environment in the short period of time. It is under the client responsibility to invest more effort in the maintenance of the restored natural green space along the project area. The reinstatement of dumpsites, borrow pits, quarry sites and campsites shall be done using adaptive vegetation preferably of fruit trees (Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantifolia, Psidium guajava, Passiflora incarnate, Psidium guajava, Persea americana, Carica papaya, Manguifera indica) and wood trees (Eucalyptus sp., Eucalyptus maidenii, Acacia abyssinica, Pinus patula, Bambusa vulgaris, Grevillea robusta or other adaptive trees, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus vulgaris. 7.9.4 Weed Control All along the road side weeds that can out-compete the local native species will be controlled. Adequate control measures will be incorporated to ensure weeds are removed and disposed to an approved dump site. 7.9.5 Revegetation Techniques The following rehabilitation works shall be undertaken on areas of disturbed earth requiring rehabilitation: • Topsoil will be uniformly spread to a minimum depth of 100 mm over the area; and • Area to be ripped to a minimum depth of 200 mm deep with rip lines approximately 300 mm apart. Where slopes are present, rip lines shall be along contours. 200 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City The following rehabilitation work shall be undertaken at borrow/gravel pits: • Overburden and then topsoil shall be uniformly and evenly spread over the disturbed areas of the pit. Depending on the slope of drainage lines within the pit, it may be necessary to form small swales from the topsoil to reduce erosion velocities and encourage the deposition of seeds. • The existing pit floor shall be ripped to a depth of 300 – 500 mm deep with rip lines between 500 – 800 mm apart, if the material in the floor of the pit is able to be ripped. The whole area of the pit, including drainage lines, shall be ripped. • All stockpiled vegetation shall be spread along the contour and pit floor to help promote seed deposition and further reduce erosion velocities. 7.9.6 Timing and Staging of Re-vegetation Works As soon as the construction activities end, re-vegetation works will start. Topsoil and vegetative material will be spread over disturbed areas and re-vegetation will start. The project area will be monitored over most of the wet season, primarily to investigate any further scour in the area, but in addition to observe the regeneration success of native seed and potential weed spread. All weeds will be either manually removed and disposed of in a quarantined area or sprayed with herbicide. 7.10 Chance find Procedure 7.10.1 Purpose of the chance find procedure As per the requirements of the WB ESS8 related to cultural sites and the RUDP II ESMF directives, a chance find procedure for this project will be put in place. The chance find procedure is a project- specific procedure that outlines actions required if previously unknown heritage resources, particularly archaeological resources, are encountered during project design, construction or operation. A Chance Find Procedure, as described in IFC Performance Standard 8, is a process that prevents chance finds from being disturbed until an assessment by a competent specialist is made and actions consistent with the requirements are implemented. 201 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 7.10.2 Responsibility The project Implementation Unit is responsible for siting and designing the project to avoid any damage to cultural heritage. When the proposed location of a project is in areas where cultural heritage is expected to be found, either during construction or operations, the client will implement chance find procedures established through the Social and Environmental Assessment. The client will not disturb any chance finds further until an Assessment by a competent specialist is made and actions consistent with the requirements of this Performance Standard are identified. 7.10.3 Scope of the chance find procedure This procedure will be applicable to all activities conducted by the personnel, including contractors that have the potential to uncover a heritage item/site including bodies of victims of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsis. The procedure details the actions to be taken when a previously unidentified and potential heritage item/site is found during construction activities. Procedure outlines the roles and responsibilities and the response times required from both project staff, and any relevant heritage authority. 7.10.4 Induction/ Training All personnel, especially those working on earth movements and excavations, are to be inducted on the identification of potential heritage items/sites and the relevant actions for them with regards to this procedure during the Project induction and regular toolbox talks. 7.10.5 Chance find procedure If any person/worker under this project discovers a physical cultural resource, such as (but not limited to) archaeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, or a cemetery and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the following steps shall be taken: 1) Stop all works in the vicinity of the find, until a solution is found for the preservation of these artefacts, or advice from the relevant authorities is obtained especially the Institute of National Museums of Rwanda (INMR); 2) Immediately notify the foreman. The foreman will then notify the Site engineer and the Environment Officer of the contractor; 202 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 3) Record details in Incident Report and take photos of the find; 4) Delineate the discovered site or area; secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities takeover; 5) Preliminary evaluation of the findings by archaeologists. The archaeologist must make a rapid assessment of the site or find to determine its importance. Based on this assessment the appropriate strategy can be implemented. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage such as aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values of the find; 6) Sites of minor significance (such as isolated or unclear features, and isolated finds) should be recorded immediately by the archaeologist, thus causing a minimum disruption to the work schedule of the Contractor. The results of all archaeological work must be reported to the INMR, once completed. 7) In case of significant find the INMR, will be informed immediately and in writing within 7 days from the find, 8) The onsite archaeologist provides INMR with photos, other information as relevant for identification and assessment of the significance of heritage items. 9) The INMR will investigate the fact and provide response in writing. 10) Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities which is INMR . This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archaeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; 11) Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible authorities. 12) In case no response received, this will be considered as authorization to proceed with suspended construction works. One of the main requirements of the procedure is record keeping. All finds must be registered. 203 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Photolog, copies of communication with decision making authorities, conclusions and recommendations/guidance, implementation reports are kept. 7.10.6 Additional information: Management options for archaeological site o Site avoidance. If the boundaries of the site have been delineated attempt must be made to redesign the proposed development to avoid the site. (The fastest and most cost-effective management option); o Mitigation. If it is not feasible to avoid the site through redesign, it will be necessary to sample it using data collection program prior to its loss. This could include surface collection and/or excavation(The most expensive and time-consuming management option). o Site Protection. It may be possible to protect the site through the installation of barriers during the time of the development and/or possibly for a longer term. This could include the erection of high visibility fencing around the site or covering the site area with a geotextile and then capping it with fill. The exact prescription would be site-specific. 7.10.7 Management of replicable and non-replicable heritage Replicable heritage Where tangible cultural heritage that is replicable (Replicable cultural heritage is defined as tangible forms of cultural heritage that can themselves be moved to another location or that can be replaced by a similar structure or natural features to which the cultural values can be transferred by appropriate measures. Archaeological or historical sites may be considered replicable where the particular eras and cultural values they represent are well represented by other sites and/or structures and not critical is encountered, mitigation measures will be applied. The mitigation hierarchy is as follows: i. Avoidance; ii. Minimization of adverse impacts and implementation of restoration measures, insitu; iii. Restoration of the functionality of the cultural heritage, in a different location; Permanent removal of historical and archaeological artefacts and structures; 204 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City iv. Compensation of loss - where minimization of adverse impacts and restoration not feasible. Non-replicable heritage Most cultural heritage is best protected by in situ preservation, since removal is likely to result in irreparable damage or even destruction of the cultural heritage. Nonreplicable cultural heritage (Nonreplicable cultural heritage may relate to the social, economic, cultural, environmental, and climatic conditions of past peoples, their evolving ecologies, adaptive strategies, and early forms of environmental management, where the (i) cultural heritage is unique or relatively unique for the period it represents, or (ii) cultural heritage is unique or relatively unique in linking several periods in the same site. Examples of non-replicable cultural heritage may include an ancient city or temple, or a site unique in the period that it represents.) must not be removed unless all of the following conditions are met: i. There are no technically or financially feasible alternatives to removal; ii. The overall benefits of the project conclusively outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal; and Any removal of cultural heritage must be conducted using the best available technique advised by relevant authority and supervised by archaeologist. Human Remains Management Options The handling of human remains believed to be archaeological in nature requires communication according to the same procedure described above. There are two possible courses of action: i. Avoid. The development project is redesigned to completely avoid the found remains. An assessment should be made as to whether the remains may be affected by accumulative impacts associated with the development, and properly addressed by a comprehensive management plan. ii. Exhume. Exhumation of the remains in a manner considered appropriate by decision 205 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City makers. This will involve the predetermination of a site suitable for the reburial of the remains. Certain ceremonies or procedures may need to be followed before development activities can recommence in the area of the discovery. Emergency Contacts Institute of National Museums of Rwanda (INMR) Adresse : KN 90 St2, Kigali Téléphone : 0730 741 09 Email:info@museum.gov.rw Website:www.museum.gov.rw 7.11 Training and capacity building plan The effective implementation of the ESMP requires that all persons working for the project are aware of the importance of environmental requirements for the project and their roles and responsibilities in the implementation of the ESMP. They should also be aware of the significant actual or potential environmental impacts of their work activities; the benefits of improved performance and the consequence of not complying with environmental requirements. In addition, the local communities must be made aware of their rights and obligation, and informed on the project benefits in terms of employment opportunities and increased livelihoods outcome. The implementation of this plan shall build the skills and capacity assessment conducted by the ESMF. This plan sets out that the following entities shall need to be trained:  Contractor‘s Project manager, Senior staff, Environmentalists and officer in charge of Health and Safety;  Contractor‘s casual workers and drivers;  Consultant’s Resident Engineer, Consultant ‘s Environmentalists and officer in charge of Health and Safety.  Community representatives (Community Verifiers and or Opinion Leaders), road users, material suppliers and women. Table 7-14 outlines the training recipients, environmental and social aspects to be covered in the training and capacity building conducting agencies. 206 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 7- 14: Indicative content of the RUDP II phase 3 capacity building training for Rubavu City SN Training Mode of Environmental and social aspects Training conducting Budget in recipients Training agencies RWF 1 MININFRA Lecture System  World Bank Environmental and Social Framework; Specialists from 1,000,000 and REMA Workshops  Rwanda Environmental and social protection laws and policies RDB, REMA, staff to be Group (e.g. Environmental Law, labour Law, expropriation Law, etc); LODA and World involved in the Discussion Bank  Relevant ratified treaties, conventions and protocols on project; Visit to Case Environment and social protection; Staff in charge Study of environment,  Project (RUDP II phase 3) Environmental and Social social, health Management Plan implementation; and safety at  Environmental pollution associated with roads and urban District, development and management projects; Contractor,  Best practices for environmental and social standards; Consultant  Grievance redress mechanisms. level 2 Contractor and Seminar  World Bank Environmental and Social Framework; Environmental and 1,000,000 consultant Workshop  Rwanda Environmental and social protection laws and policies Social Specialists senior staff Lectures (e.g. Environmental Law, labour Law, expropriation Law, etc); from LODA, Consultant and  Relevant ratified treaties, conventions and protocols on Contractor Environment and social protection  RUDP II phase 3 Environmental and Social Management Plan implementation  Environmental pollution associated with roads and urban development and management projects;  Best practices for Environmental and Social Standards  Grievance redress mechanisms; 207 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City SN Training Mode of Environmental and social aspects Training conducting Budget in recipients Training agencies RWF 3 Contractor‘s Seminar  Best practices for Environmental and Social Standards Environmental and 1,000,000 Staff and Workshop  Environmental pollution associated with road and Social Specialists workers Lectures and on urban development and management projects; from LODA, site meetings Consultant and  Project’ Environmental and Social Management Plan implementation; Contractor  Dealing with complaints – to maintain good relationship with stakeholders; understanding the needs, traditions and behavior of local communities.  Social right and responsibility of the company personnel  Training on grievance handling and reporting  Training of Local Government Officials on screening for land acquisition, impact on assets and livelihoods and on vulnerable groups  Environmental impacts and social and economic benefits of the project including employment opportunities  Training on HIV-AIDS  Training on GBV including sensitization on gender constraints and priorities related to the project activities  Grievance redress mechanisms; 4 Local Site debates,  Environmental impacts and social and economic benefits of the Environmental and 1,000,000 community and meetings, project including employment opportunities Social Specialists community posters, banners  Training on HIV-AIDS from LODA, and brochures Verifiers  Training on GBV including sensitization on gender constraints Rubavu District, Radio and TV and priorities related to the project activities Consultant and spots  Grievance redress mechanisms; Contractor Source: Consultant, 2020 208 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 8. CONSULTATIVE AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 8.1 Background As per the requirements of the WB ESF (ESS10 and RUDP II Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), the stakeholder consultation was undertaken to engage local and affected people, disseminate activities, outputs and results to all relevant stakeholders, to ensure that stakeholders are provided with sufficient opportunity to voice their opinions and concerns that may influence project decision (RUDP II SEP, 2020). The objectives of the ESIA public consultation process were to:  Make the ESIA study participatory and transparent;  Share the potential positive and negative environmental and social impacts and their proposed mitigations;  Inform the PAPS about their right and how they will be put in actions;  Explain and make the compensation process transparent;  Determine the attitudes of PAPS towards the proposed project components; and finally  Provide a platform for future consultation by: o reducing conflicts through early identification of contentious issues; o improving transparency and accountability of decision making; o facilitating participation to increase public confidence in the ESIA process; o identifying stakeholders with who further dialogue will be constructive in subsequent stages of the project. 8.2 Procedure for Stakeholder’s engagement As per the provisions of the RUDP II SEP, stakeholder’s engagement involved the appropriate, culturally consultation methods. Prior to any engagement event, the following steps were followed: a) Preparation of standard ‘question and answer’ sheets tailored for specific stakeholder types (based on ‘lessons learnt’ analysis and common issues raised in previous engagement); b) Planning/design of engagement action (s) with Project Implementation Units and Rubavu Districts; c) Agree on the roles of parties during stakeholder engagement activities; d) Selection of individual/group stakeholders with whom engagement will occur; 209 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City e) Selection of methods for engaging and disclosure of information (including such topics as format, language, and timing); f) Selection of location and timing for engagement activities, for PAPs, avoiding busy work times when special activities may be occurring); g) Agreeing mechanisms for ensuring stakeholder attendance at engagement activities (s); 8.3. Engagement methods and techniques The stakeholder’s engagement techniques used in this ESIA were borrowed from the RUDP-II SEP and ESMF and involved the methods presented in Table 8-1 and Table 8-2. Table 8- 1: Stakeholders consultation methods for the preparation of the RUDP-II ESIA in Rubavu City Engagement Method Appropriate application of the method Correspondances (Phone,  Invite stakeholders to meetings Emails, text messages)  Consultation with stakeholders and follow-up One-on-one meetings  Seeking views and opinions;  Enable stakeholder to speak freely about sensitive  issues;  Build personal relationships;  Record meetings Formal meetings  Present the Project information to a group of stakeholders;  Allow groups to comment – opinions and views;  Build impersonal relation with high level stakeholders;  Disseminate technical information;  Record discussions Public meetings  Present Project information to a large group of stakeholders (local community and community verifiers);  Allow the group to provide their views and opinions;  Build relationship with the communities, especially those impacted and vulnerable/disadvantaged;  Distribute non-technical information;  Facilitate meetings with presentations, PowerPoint, posters etc.;  Record discussions, comments, questions. Focus group meetings  Present project information to a group of stakeholders (young, female, road users);  Allow stakeholders to provide their views on targeted baseline information;  Build relationships with communities;  Record responses 210 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Engagement Method Appropriate application of the method Workshops  Present project information to a group of stakeholders;  Allow the group of stakeholders to provide their views and opinions;  Use participatory exercises to facilitate group discussions, brainstorm issues, analyze information, and develop recommendations and strategies;  Recording of responses Surveys  Gather opinions and views from individual stakeholders  Gather baseline data  Record data  Develop a baseline database for monitoring impacts Website  Present project information and progress updates;  Disclose findings of ESIA, ESMP, ESMF, RAP and RPF and other relevant project documentation Direct communication  Seek PAPs participation during social economic survey and with owners of affected valuation exercise; properties, land,  Share findings of valuation report, seek PAPs approval and crops/asset signature;  Communicate cut-of-date Source: Adapted from RUDP II SEP, 2020 Table 8- 2: Stakeholders levels of consultation Stakeholder group Communication technics LODA and Rubavu  Telephone / email / text messaging District  One-on-one meetings  Formal meetings Project Affected  Print media, text messaging and radio/TV announcements People  One-on-one interviews/meetings  Public meetings  Focus group meetings  Surveys  Information boards 211 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Local community  Print media, text messaging and radio/TV announcements including vulnerable  One-on-one interviews/meetings or disadvantage  Public meetings groups.  Focus group meetings  Surveys  Information boards Non-Governmental  Phone / fax / email / text messaging Organization  One-on-one interviews (CSO,  Focus group meetings religious groups.  Information boards  Phone / fax / email / text messaging Print media and radio announcements Private Sector  Workshops (environmental  Focus group meetings professional  Surveys organization, institute of engineers) Source: Adapted from RUDP II SEP, 2020 For this project, the public consultations were conducted by the ESIA consultants, assisted by trained local people. The training of the locals on public consultations and survey methods was conducted simultaneously between 09th and 12th November 2020 in Rubavu and Rugerero Sectors along the project sites (road, drains and drains outlets ponds). In some case, road users such as moto taxi were joined at their parking site. The trained locals then assisted in the conducting of the public consultations that were divided into three phases: o The first phase entailed the conducting of public awareness meetings with all PAPS in Rugerero and Rubavu Sectors o The second phase was the one on one interviews of the PAPs or what is often referred to as a door-to-door survey. PAPs were grouped in women, men, vulnerable, youth and road users o The third phase will be the validation workshops where all PAPS assembled to validate the data collected during the door to door interviews. 212 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Plate 8- 1: Public Consultation with local people in Gikombe Cell, Rubavu Sector, Rubavu District 8.4 Stakeholder Analysis 8.4.1 Stakeholder Identification To enhance maximum participation and achieve a better output, the project stakeholders were identified and informed about the proposed project. In this regard, two broad categories of stakeholders were identified, depending on their level of interest or the magnitude of impacts on the project (Table 8-3):  Primary stakeholders: those directly affected, either positively or negatively, by the project, decisions, or actions.  Secondary stakeholders: those that are indirectly affected by the project, or decision, or actions. Table 8- 3: Stakeholders for RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City Primary Stakeholders Secondary Stakeholders MINECOFIN RTDA MININFRA WASAC MINALOC REG, REMA Rubavu District The private sector federation 213 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City WB Civil society organizations (religious groups, NGOs) International NGOs in the field of environmental protection: IUCN, ARCOS, WCS Local community and RTDA community verifiers Project Affected People (PAPs) WASAC Others Development Partners Academia, university of Rwanda, Center of Excellent and Biodiversity The private sector federation RTDA WASAC Source: Adapted from RUDP II SEP, 2020 8.4.2 Stakeholder Analysis The project stakeholder's analysis of the RUDP II Phase 3 in terms of strength, weakness, opportunities, threats is shown in Table 8-4. 214 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 8- 4: Stakeholder Analysis for RUDP II phase Stakeholder Interests Opportunities Threats Linkages/Involvement with the proposed project Central  Guidance and  Institutional  Limited resources  Give guiding policies and Government and coordination of the project support and for monitoring government regulations Government  Input to environment coordination  Bureaucracy that  Monitoring of works entities management plans may delay progress  Technical support to District (MININFRA,  Monitoring of of operations thus staff s MINALOC, environmental and social costing the project  Issue LODA, RTDA, issues more time and approvals/permits/certificates RHA, RDB, and money to the project REMA) Local Government  Responsible for the  Can provide  Political interference  Share information on entities (Rubavu planning and development information about  Lack of resources compensation modalities District, Gisenyi of infrastructure (roads, population trends and skills to  Witness the land acquisition Sector, Rubavu water supply) and dynamics participate fully and compensation process Sector, Rugerero  Representing project  Political support  Facilitate the communication Sector) affected persons and mobilization among the stakeholders, can  Technical  Can be utilized as participate in project progress  guidance during data the contact and site meetings collection persons in the  Can take up the role of liaising  Accountability for project area with the local communities. development in their areas  Can help in the district can take on the role of jurisdiction spreading of environmental monitoring information from in collaboration with sensitization consultants meetings ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Stakeholder Interests Opportunities Threats Linkages/Involvement with the proposed project Local community  Project benefits to the  Assistance in  Misinterpret project  Good channel for information (mainly PAPs PAPs and surrounding information intentions and transfer and sharing including women, residents. transfer therefore sabotage  Need for compensation youth, vulnerable  Good source of  Labour supply which eventually  Supply chain linkages people, elderly) information on the trends (Unskilled) results in project  Participate in the grievance and Community and dynamics within the delays redress mechanism representatives project area  If not sensitized, (Verifiers and or  Casual labour to be they might disrupt Opinion Leaders) recruited from the PAPs THE project and surrounding residents. activities ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 8.5 Stakeholder Engagement 8.5.1 Approaches Stakeholders were engaged through public meetings (Plate 8-1) that took place at the office of Gikombe Cell in Rubavu Sector. The purpose of the consultation was:  To gather information on the experience and lesson learned during the implementation of past RUDP project phases in Rubavu City  To gather information on the expected positive and negative impacts of project RUP II Phase  To discuss and clearly explain the proposed projects in RUDP II Phase 3 to all the PAPs;  To inform the PAPS about the forthcoming socio-economic surveys, and to discuss the importance and relevance of such surveys to all project affected persons;  To prepare the PAPS and inform them about the date when the socio-economic (one to one) interviews were to be carried out in their homes or premises. In addition, to really persuade the potentially affected persons to be available during the questionnaire survey and others discussions related to matter concerning their livelihoods, compensation and other grievances would be addressed as well. For effective performance, the consultant team (both RAP and ESIA organised public meetings and focus group discussions with the participation of Sector and Cell Executive Secretaries, Sector Land Manager, Cell Development Officers (CEDO) and the land valuers from the Kigali City One Stop Centre. Due to this collaboration, many people attended such meetings. The team recommended the participants to spread the message to others who were not present. The photo 7-2 shows a session of focus discussion with a group of women. 217 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Plate 8- 2: Focus group discussion in Bambiro Village, Gikombe Cell, Rubavu Sector, Rubavu District Table 8- 5: Place and dates of the Public Consultations in Rubavu City City /District Sector Cell Village Date Rubavu District/ City Rubavu Gikombe Cell Bambiro Village 9/11/2020 Source: Field Survey, 2020 218 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 8- 6: Schedule of Door to Door Interviews in the Rubavu City District/City Sector Cell Village Date Rubavu City Rubavu Sector Gikombe Bambiro 9/11/2020 Source: Field Survey, 2020 8.5.2 Outcomes of the Stakeholder Engagement Program From the stakeholders’ participation, stakeholders exchanged with the consultant team on the perception of the previous phases of RUDP in Biryogo and Rwampara neighbourhood to learn lessons. The latter can serve for improved implementation of RUDP II Phase 3. Overall, stakeholders (residents and road users) have a good appreciation on the outcomes of the previous phases of RUDP project, especially on their contribution to the ease of transport and safety in the area where road have been built. They also expressed their appreciation with regard to reduction of cost of transport on moto-taxi. However, the explained concerns on compensation delay, accidents related to the lack of safety signage, especially humps. Table 8-7 provides details on the lessons learned from the implementation of previous phases of RUDP. Table 8- 7:Stakeholders perceptions on the implementation of previous RUDP phases in Rubavu City Issues/concerns/ Description opportunities and benefits Safety issues The lack of safety signage especially hump cause accidents, as car and moto-cycle move faster and can hit children, and disable people Compensation The compensation money was enough The value of properties bought by relocated families was higher than that of the former properties The value of rent has increased, the area (quarter) has attracted the renters from other areas People increased the value of their houses through renovation Opportunities and benefits New businesses such as pharmacies were installed in the quarter Security increased due to streetlight, theft considerably reduced. Drug abuse reduced because security agents (police, district security officers and community security agents can easily access the area thank to street light and road accessibility Better road facilitate the movement of disabled people who do daily businesses between Rubavu and Goma City (DRC) Accessibility was facilitated as taxi and moto-taxi can reach in the area where RUDP I road were built 219 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Issues/concerns/ Description opportunities and benefits Accessibility was facilitated as taxi and moto-taxi can reach in the area where RUDP I road were built The drainage issues were resolved, no stagnant water pools are found in the area where road were built Driving and commuting comfort (using motorcycles, bicycles) was improved because previous roads were bumpy and stony and rolling on motorcycles, car and bicycles could cause pains to the back and body in general Source: Consultant, 2020 During consultations, the residents raised a number of issues. Most of these issues concerned the destruction of the properties and related compensation, the nature of compensation (money or properties), school dropout, influx of people and increase in prostitution and HIV-AIDs. Table 8-8 provides the details on these issues and their responses. 220 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 8- 8: Issues raised during consultation and their responses Issues/concerns Point of concerns and issues Responses Response / Answer/ outcome Properties that will be affected by  Affected Peopleof roads all of this potential impact are In the planning the machines considered and shall be taken into consideration during the valuation process  It will be better to involve the Grievance Redress Committee in the case of properties destruction by compactors vibration For people whom their land and  It will be better to stabilise the road cuts to avoid house boundaries walls will be destroyed, destruction from cut slumps. how are they going to live in  The planning must consider the construction of the houses without anything separating retaining wall them with the road?  In case essential parts of properties such as toilets (external pit latrines) are marked for demolition without sufficient land for reconstruction/ relocation, it will be necessary to compensate the whole compound Many people wanted to know if  It will depend on what the government will see as the they will be paid in money or if best option and they will be consulted first in order to they will get another equivalent get a good option which will satisfy them. And during land or if there is another the survey the compensating option will be included. possibility.  It will be better to provide enough time for PAPs to relocated at least 30 days in order to facilitate them find decent accommodation and time to buy alternative properties When is the survey starting and the The survey schedule was communicated to all people and to expropriation? those affected by the project the process of expropriation shall be communicated. Local Leaders During the survey how shall we During the survey, enumerators were introduced and differentiate you and others who accompanied by district officials and LODA staff. might have other interests? Valuing affected assets (crops and They will be valuated too, and the owners will get their trees) compensation payment. What about properties with special Cultural heritages, cemeteries, graves and other cultural cases like graves and etc. assets shall be identified and avoided as per the national laws and World Bank Cultural heritage operational policies. 221 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Increase of, prostitution, More emphasize will be put into sensitization and awareness homosexuality, HIV/AIDS and raising on the impacts of STDs and how to prevent them. sexually transmitted diseases from Also condoms should be availed at the project site in order workers who will leave their wives to reduce the infection of HIV/AIDS and other sexually especially those from outside, it is transmitted diseases. Mosquito nets should also be given to anticipated that prostitution and workers to prevent malaria. homosexuality will increase. Increase of school dropout (selling Parents should be responsible. They have to make sure that small things, like eggs, fruits to get their children go to school regularly and appropriately. The money or because of distraction by communication between school teachers and parents is then the process of the construction. required to be able to help them. Also local authority will be School girls could also become responsible and hold accountable parents who fail to prostitutes as a result of being properly monitor and educate their children on the attracted by money from workers importance of education and end up dropping out from school. Road Users/ Neighbouring Residents When is the official project It was relied that an official launch of the project shall be starting? communicated by district officials. Given the influx of people from The majority of workers should be local people to avoid the different cultures, local people issue of influx of people from other districts. might be influenced by these cultures especially youth. Women and Women Representative How about employment The priority shall be given to PAPs and vulnerable people opportunities and recruitment? during the recruitment. However, the project recruitment process should only consider adult people. The use of children will be against both government and the World Bank and policies. Delay in payment for casual The contractors shall prepare and explain the terms of labourers. Contractors and sub- contract to the labourers. If the contractors defaults on contractors do not pay the casual payment, the district, the consultants (supervisory) team and labourers according to agreed the client should monitor and if possible enforce penalties instalments (normally 15 days). Some contractors can pay only one instalment. 222 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City The loss of these properties can Livelihood rehabilitation shall be planned by the districts for cause serious psychological people affected by the project by the loss of their property injuries, no matter how much is suggested in order to help them to build a new life by money they can benefit. coping with the situation Some women may not have a say The payment should be done to the family account or to on the family properties. The both wives and husbands together so that women can know money from the compensation how to claims their rights. Money should be deposited at might be the cause of GBV. their Bank account where they all have access to it. Divorce is likely to happen, Basic knowledge in reproductive health, laws, Rwandan especially because women will be culture should be provided to residents in the project area attracted with foreign workers who and workers so that they can behave accordingly. have enough money and leave their respective husbands for better life. Men would also be attracted by prostitutes and spend all their salaries from the project in prostitutions and leave their wives. Local Resident Large cuts on the steep slopes will Minimize the cut as much as possible and protecting the make more fragile the slope and fragilized slope by retaining walls lead to landslide The project will involve land take Compensation at the satisfaction of the effected people and loss of properties Source: Consultant, 2020 8.5.3 Attitudes of PAPS towards RUDP II phase 3 From the public consultations, interviews, stakeholders’ engagement, the beneficiaries and affected persons showed a positive attitude towards the proposed project and they were ready to cooperate in all aspects and project activities. This cooperation is reinforced by the fact that stakeholders expect more benefits from the project, especially the road. Most of them came to the conclusion that this was a development project that will increase the value of their properties and their respective villages will benefit as well. User of the roads such as motorcycles and bicycles taxi drivers expect their business to proliferate because costs incurred in repair are expected to reduce. Pedestrian expect both safety and cleanness; walking on proper footpath will reduce the cost of cleaning clothes and shoes. Residents expect the reduction of respiratory diseases during the dry season because, dust will not spread into their rooms, spoiling their 223 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City clothes, beds, water and food. In order to harness these benefits, the implementation of the project should avoid grievances related to the insufficient road size and lack of safety measures. 8.5.4 Enhancement measures for the social issues raised during the public consultation As discussed in the previous section, lessons learned from the implementation of previous RUDP II phases 3 in Rubavu City have raised good expectations on positive impacts that will result from the implementation of the RUDP II Phase 3. To harness these positive benefits, PAPs, road users and authorities proposed measures to enhance or consolidate these benefits (positive impacts). Table 8-9 presents the proposed enhancement measures proposed for the identified project impacts during the public consultation. Table 8- 9: Enhancement measures for the project impacts Positive Impacts Enhancement measures Employment Local people should be given priority for employment during the opportunities construction phase. Income generating People should be compensated at their satisfaction and get money opportunities before the project implementation. Compensation should be provided as earlier as possible at least 1 month before the project activities starts. People complained that activities start the same days as the compensation. Families spend the compensation money paying accommodation from hotels and lodge Business and income People should be given opportunities to sell services and items that generating opportunity will be needed by workers. Increased skills and Local people will get skills and knowledge, which will help them to knowledge get further employments in the future. Empowerment of Women should be encouraged to participate. women Installation of basic The district should facilitate investments into basic infrastructure such infrastructures as pharmacies, modern markets and health centres and expansion of Rugerero Market and installation of bus stop on newly constructed road 224 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Positive Impacts Enhancement measures Increased infrastructure Local people should be encouraged to invest in infrastructure such as accommodation and restaurants Increased traffic safety Road safety measures should be enhanced through building of humps, zebra crossings and traffics sign. Large enough footpath should be installed to avoid conflict between pedestrian, motorcycles and cars Increased hygiene and The contractors should be provided sanitation facilities to the project health site to avoid conflicts related to poor hygiene The contract should consider regular watering to reduce dust emission The district should enhance effort in fighting malaria because of installation of infiltration ponds Children should be forbidden to play in infiltration ponds to avoid contracting waterborne disease Controlling the urban Local authority (district, sector) should enforce construction sprawl regulation to avoid urban sprawl and spatial expansion of unplanned settlement; especially in Rugerero area Source: Field survey, 2020 The World Bank information disclosure standard states that whenever the Bank requires an environmental assessment (EA), the proposed borrower prepares an EA report as a separate, free-standing document. The EA report is made publicly available: a. After the borrower has made the draft EA report available at a public place accessible to project-affected groups and local NGOs in accordance with ESS 10 (Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure) b. After such EA report has been officially received by the Bank, but before the Bank begins formal appraisal of the project. RUDP Phase 2 Project shall have to comply with the World Bank Policy on the information disclosure and it is proposed that an Executive summary and the full ESIA report shall be posted on the websites of: the six secondary city districts, LODA, MININFRA and MINALOC. 225 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 226 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9.1 Introduction As per the requirement of the WB ESF (ESS2, ESS10), a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) was prepared based on the guidelines from the project ESMF, LMP and SEP. This grievance mechanism will ensure that all project related complaints and grievances are addressed in good faith and through a transparent and impartial process, but one which is culturally acceptable. All grievances raised by stakeholders shall be managed through a transparent process, readily acceptable to all segments of affected communities and other stakeholders, at no cost and without retribution. For RUDP II Phase 3, the types of grievances stakeholders may raise include, but are not limited to:  Negative impacts on communities, which may include, but not be limited to financial loss, physical harm and nuisance from construction or operational activities;  Health and safety risks;  Negative impacts on the environment such as pollution of water ways, soil, and air;  Relocation of utilities, and unacceptable behavior by staff or employees. 9.2 Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism The GRM will work within existing legal and cultural frameworks, providing an additional opportunity to resolve grievances at the local, project level. The key objectives of the GRM are: i. Record, categorize and prioritize the grievances; ii. Settle the grievances via consultation with all stakeholders (and inform those stakeholders of the solutions) iii. Forward any unresolved cases to the relevant authority. The appropriate signage will be erected at the sites of all works providing the public with updated project information and summarizing the GRM process, including contact details of the relevant Project Contact Person within the project implementation unit. Anyone shall be able to lodge a complaint and the methods (forms, in person, telephone, forms written in Kinyarwanda) should not inhibit the lodgment of any complaint. 227 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 9.3 Grievance Redress process 9.3.1 Project Level Grievance Redress Mechanism: Grievance Redress Committee As the GRM works within existing legal and cultural frameworks, it is organized in such a way that the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will comprise local community representative, PAPs representative, women representative, local authority representative at village and cell levels, contractor and supervising firm representative. The grievance redress process, and members of GRC and their roles and responsibilities are presented in Table 9-1 and 9-2. It is expected that many project related grievances will be site-specific. They will be related to impacts generated during construction such as noise, dust, vibration, contamination, workers dispute, grievances on land boundaries, or misunderstandings between affected households and the contractor regarding access arrangements, properties accidently damaged by construction activities, accidents on sites among others. These impacts will be resolved with the contractor committed to implement the CESMP and proper supervision by the implementing agencies and Rubavu District officials. The grievance procedure at project level will be simple and administered at the extent possible at the local levels to facilitate access, flexibility and ensure transparency, timely feedback and appeal. All the grievances will be channeled via the Grievance Resolution Committees purposely established for the project at Cell, Sector and District level. Stakeholders will be allowed to use any means easily accessible to them to voice their concerns and complaints such as filling a grievance form, sending an email, using phone etc. Complaints will be filled in a Grievance Register that will be distributed to PAPs free of charge. After registration of the complaint, an investigation will be carried out by the committee members to verify its authenticity. Thereafter a resolution approach will be selected based on the findings. The decisions of the action to be taken will be communicated to all involved parties mainly in written form. All measures will be undertaken to ensure that the grievance is solved amicably between the concerned parties. If the grievance is not solved at Cell level, Sector or District level courts will be the last resort. Efficiency in solving the grievances will be of paramount importance. The selection of members for the sub-project grievance committee will be at the discretion 228 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City of the PAPs to decide basing on information provided by the PIUs. In practice, not many complaints are expected. This is based on the assumption that all proposed works are within the road reserve areas and that a Resettlement Action Plan is concurrently prepared along with this ESIA. However, some complaints are likely to be associated with construction impacts. Most are received directly on site by the Contractor’s Site Manager/Engineer who will mandatory be responsible to resolve these issues on site. The CSM will inform the Grievance Committee (GRC) of these complaints and their outcomes, and of others not satisfactorily resolved that the GRC should take over. The GRC will log these in the Complaints Register and inform the concerned PIU (REMA, LODA, or Rubavu District). At each level of the project GRC, complaints will be solved within a period of 24-48 hours or otherwise handed to the next level. Once at judiciary level, due process as mandated by the law will be followed depending on what the courts will require. Through citizen engagement meetings the PAPs will be informed of the different grievance mechanisms in place for them to lodge their complaints and dissatisfactions. 9.3.2 Labor Related Grievance Mechanism In order to create a working environment that provides safety and security to all workers, contractors will be required to present a worker’s grievance redress mechanism that responds to the requirements of ESS2. For direct workers, the mechanism shall involve an appropriate level of management and address concerns promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that provides feedback to those concerned, without any retribution. The contractor will inform the workers of the grievance mechanism at the time of hiring, and make it easily accessible to them. i. For workers and labor contracting issues (i) Individual labor disputes: Article 102 of law n° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 regulating labor in Rwanda Workers will elect representatives who will form a committee that will act as the Workers Grievance Redress Committee. As mandated by article 102 of the law regulating labor in Rwanda, the employees’ representatives amicably settle individual labor disputes between employers and employees. If employees’ representatives fail to settle the disputes amicably, 229 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City the concerned party refers the matter to the labor inspector of Rubavu District where works are being implemented. If the Labor Inspector of the District fails to settle the dispute due to the nature of the case or conflict of interests, he/she refers the dispute to the Labor Inspector at the national level stating grounds to refer such a dispute. If amicable settlement fails at the national level, the case is referred to the competent court. In any case, the PIU will be informed from the beginning of any worker’s grievances and provide insight and mediation if possible. The matter will be referred to the labor inspector only if the PIU fails to do the mediation. ii. Collective labor disputes: LAW N° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 Regulating Labor in Rwanda The law requires that collective labor disputes be directly notified to the labor inspector of the area by the worker’s representatives. Within this framework, any collective labor disputes that will arise under RUDP-II Phase 3, will be addressed to labor inspector in Rubavu District for assessment and settlement. In case of escalation, the matter will be referred to the national level. Before escalating the collective labor dispute, the PIU though the Environmental and Social Management Unit will be alerted. Necessary investigations will be conducted and the contractor will be duly approached. The matter will be referred to the labor inspector only if the PIUs and worker’s representatives fail at amicable settlement. The PIU will elaborate a template to be use in all PIUS to report on labor issues to the Bank. iii. For worker’s safety issues All grievances related to worker’s safety will be addressed though the following channels: 1) The supervisor and environmental officer from the contractor, supervising firm or from the district or PIU will report any accidents within 24 hours; other health and safety issues; 2) The PIU coordinators will find solutions to the issues following the agreed ESF documents with the World Bank and National regulations 3) The PIU will consult the Occupational Health and Safety committee on the health and safety issue as required by Article 78 of the labor law. iv. Grievance process for non-labor related issues involving project workers In the project area there might be other conflicts related to relationships between the 230 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City workers and the local community. Depending on who is the aggrieved party, the following mechanism will be used:  A Worker- Against Another Worker: These grievances will be handled though the Workers Grievance Committee/representatives.  Community Member – Against A Worker: If there are any grievances from a community member against a worker, they will be handled though the Workers Grievance Committees/representatives.  Worker- Against A Community Member: The project will establish a project grievance committee at various levels of the local administration scheme in Rwanda from the Cell, Sector up to the District government. This grievance mechanism as described in the SEP and ESMF, will have the mandate of solving all complaints and grievances related to project activities and impacting local communities. Any grievance from a worker against a community member will be handled though this committee. v. Grievance Channel for Gender Based Violence (GBV) As GBV/SEA/SH requires timely access to quality, multi-sectoral services and involves confidentiality and informed consent of the GBV survivor. To address the issues related to GBV, the guidelines from the GBV Action Plan will be followed. The document details the Accountability and Response Framework, identifies the service providers with minimum package of services (health, psychosocial, legal/security, safe house/shelter, and livelihood). The successful bidder will prepare the Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) that will integrate provision from the GBV Action Plan, with enough details of handling GBV cases. Chapter 10 gives some provisions to be part of the bidding documents. 9.3.3 Judiciary Level Grievance Redress Mechanism The project level process will not impede PAPs access to the legal system. Local communities have existing traditional and cultural grievance redress mechanisms (Abunzi committees) established and regulated by law no 37/2016 of 08/09/2016 determining organization, jurisdiction, and competence and functioning of Abunzi committee. These are established at cell and Sector level to solve community based conflicts and grievances their regulatory body being the Ministry of Justice. This mechanism cannot be overlooked by the project. The 231 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City population can choose to use this channel instead of the project GRC. The escalation at this level leads to the court process. At any time, the complainant may take the matter to the appropriate legal or judicial authority as per Rwanda National Legal procedure. Table 9- 1: Grievance Redress Process for the implementation of RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu District Stage Process Duration 1a Since most of complaints during the execution of works involves directly the 24hours contractor, at first the Aggrieved Party (AP) will take his/her grievance to the Construction Site Manager (CSM) of the relevant project who will endeavour to resolve it immediately. The site Manager will inform the environmental officer or the appointed focal project at the district level. Where AP is not satisfied, the complaint will be transferred to the project Grievance Committee (GC) at cell level. For complaints that were satisfactorily resolved by the CSM, he/she will inform the GC and the GC will log the grievance and the actions that were taken. There is also a possibility that the AP directly takes his/her complainants directly to the GRC without going to the CSM first. In this case, the GRC will solve it working with the CSM. 1b The AP may choose to escalate the grievance to the Abunzi Mediation Not fixed Committee18 especially if she/he is not directly linked to the sub-project. 2 On receipt of the complaint, the GC at cell level will endeavour to resolve it 1-2 days at cell immediately. In case the GC at cell level fail to solve the complaint, it will be level escalated to the GC at Sector level. If unsuccessful, the GC or the 1-2days at complainant then notifies the Rubavu District Authority. sector level 3 Rubavu District Authority will endeavour to address and resolve the 1 – 5 days complaint and inform the aggrieved party. The District Authority will refer the complaint to the Project Implementation Unit (LODA, REMA) with other unresolved grievances for their consideration. 4 If it remains unresolved or the complainant is dissatisfied with the outcome 1 – 7 days proposed by the PIU, he/she is free to refer the matter to the court. 5 If the issue remains unresolved through the courts, then the ultimate step will Not fixed be for the ombudsman. The decisions at this level are final. 6 The dimension to be represented in purple will be strictly for GBV related Not fixed matters. The AP will approach directly the GBV task force to ensure her/his anonymity and safety. However, in case the complaint was addressed first to the Site Manager, the latter is required to immediately refer it to the task force. The GBV task force will work with competent authorities to ensure Source: Adapted from RUDP II SEP, 2020 18 The Abunzi Committee is statutory body responsible for conciliating parties in conflict with the aim of consolidating national unity and peaceful coexistence among Rwandans. 232 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 9- 2: Proposed Members of GRC and their roles, RUDP II Phase 3 No Member of GRC Roles and responsibilities 1 President(PAP - Chairing meetings; representative) - Give direction on how received grievances will be processed; - Assign organizational responsibility for proposing a response; - Referring cases to next level; - Speaks on behalf of GRC and s/he is the one to report to the cell or the sector 3 Village leader - Represents local government at village level; - Resolves and lead community level grievance redress - Sends out notices for meetings; - Records all grievance received and report them to next local level 4 Cell executive - Proposes responses to grievances and lead in resolving community secretary grievance unsolved from village level; - Records and reports all grievances received from village leaders; - Chairs sensitization meeting at the cell level during public consultations meetings; - Assists and guides in identifying vulnerable and disadvantaged groups within the cell. - Signs the valuations sheets for compensation facilitate a proper Resettlement Plan Representatives of - Represents the interests of aggrieved parties PAPs - Give feedback on the efficiency of GRM 5 Women and youth - Represent the interests of women and youth; representatives - Advocate for equity and equal opportunities; - Help in prevention of sexual harassment and promote wellbeing of the women and youth - Take part in resolution of any grievance related to sexual harassment and any gender domestic violence that may arise; - Mobilize women and youth to be active in income generating activities specifically for opportunities in the projects intervention areas. 6 Contractor - Receive and log complaints/grievances, note date and time, contact details, nature of complaint and inform complainant of when to expect response; - Handle complaints revolved around nuisance resulted from construction and endeavor to handle them satisfactory; No Member of GRC Roles and responsibilities 233 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City No Member of GRC Roles and responsibilities - Inform engineer (supervisor) and GRC of received complaints/grievances and outcomes and forward unresolved complaints/grievance to GRC - Attend community meetings, respond and react to PAPs complaints raised concerning the contractor. 7 Supervisor - Represent client/LODA; - Ensure that all grievances raised have been responded to, and that the contractor responds to the complaints raised concerning them, - attend community meetings respond to all concerns related to RUDP-II from community - Report on monthly basis the progress of GRM process Source: Adapted from RUDP II SEP, 2020 Table 9- 3: Proposed members of the GBV task force for RUDP II Phase 3 Institution Staff position PIU National level (LODA, REMA) Social Safeguards Specialist PIU (District level) Gender Monitoring Officer , Environmental and Social Management Specialist Contractor Human Resources Officer, Social Safeguards Specialist Supervisor Social Safeguards Specialist NGO in GBV prevention Designated representative Source: Adapted from RUDP II SEP, 2020 As mandated by the law on gender equality, women representation will make up at least 30% of the GRC. All PAPs representatives will be directly elected by their peers and the number of members may vary depending on the context and particularities of each sub-project site characteristics. 9.4 Communication Plan Along with or as part of the CESMP, the contractor will prepare a detail communication plan at the beginning of the project implementation to define and make arrangements to facilitate communities and project PIUs communication as with any other person external party (NGOs, associations, etc) to the project to communicate with the project, to provide or request for information or file a complaint. These arrangements are provided in Table 8-12. 234 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 9- 4: Tools to be used to communicate with the project for communication and sending recommendations, claims, and observations Project webpage The ESF documents including the ESIA Report will be disclosed in the implementing agencies of RUDP II Phase 3 containing project description, implementing arrangements, contact key persons (email, phone of Environmental Specialist or Social/Safety Specialist). The project webpage will be maintained updated and review by the ESS of the PIUs during the project implementation period Radio At least every 2 weeks a radio announcement will be shared with the communication communities on the progress of the project and the way the community can communicate with the project PIUS. Community In a community selection point or the district, a blackboard with project project information, timeline, and information of the works, contractor, areas of risks, blackboard announcements will be placed and box for comments will be placed with a lock so only the environmental or social officer can open and respond to any messages. Any complaint from a third party can be filed using this method. Facebook, PIU, Rubavu District, communities can form groups to share information, WhatsApp, other monitored progress and share photos, progress and completion and benefits of media the works. Email, Telephone, All contacts of the environmental and social management unit be it PIU at other media National level or at District level will be made public to be used by any stakeholder or third party willing to ask for information, provide suggestion or file a complaint or inform issues affecting the works. Source: Adapted from RUDP II SEP, 2020 235 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 10. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CLAUSES FOR SUCCESSFUL BIDDERS FOR RUDP II PHASE 3 IN RUBAVU DISTRICT Most environmental and social impacts of RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu will result from activities directly under the control of contractors and will be mitigated directly by the same contractors. As a consequence, ensuring that contractors effectively mitigate programs activities related impacts is the core of the Program’s mitigation strategy. This will be done by ensuring that the environmental and social management of programs activities are mandatory parts of activities works contracts. The client will incorporate standardized environmental and social clauses in tender documentation and contract documents, so that potential bidders are aware of environmental and social performance requirements expected from them, are able to reflect that in their bids, and required to implement the clauses for the duration of the contract. Prior to start implementing the project, the contractor must prepare and submit a Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) to the supervision firm and client for approval. The CESMP will provide a detailed explanation of how the contractor will comply with the project the EHS clauses for contractors and demonstrate that sufficient funds are budgeted for that purpose and sufficient capacity is in place to oversee, monitor and report on CESMP performance. The client will enforce compliance by contractors with clauses covering issues related to Environment, Health and Safety (EHS). As per the RUDP II ESMF recommendations, Table 10- 1 presents the environmental and social technical clauses (ESTCs) to be incorporated in the Tender Document and bill of quantities. 236 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Table 10- 1: Environmental and Social Technical Clauses (ESTCs) to be incorporated in the Tender Document for RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) ESTC 1: Solid Waste Management ESTC 1 :001  Avail solid waste bins, at least one bin for each category (e- Ensure the contractor has 5,000,000 Management of wastes, chemicals, plastics, metals, glasses papers/wood and hired a local licensed domestic solid wastes biodegradable wastes) (see Figure 6-1) and sort wastes at their company involved in waste sources accordingly; collection and disposal;  Ensure all solid wastes are handled by a licensed company Inspection of the campsites involved in refuse management that will be hired by the and work sites to ensure contractor; there are no trashes  Minimize the generation of wastes, segregate, reuse or recycle all the wastes, wherever practical;  Avoid burning of solid waste;  Do not allow ponding of water near waste collection/storage areas and construction camps;  Discard all the storage containers that are capable of storing of water, after use or store them in inverted position. ESTC 1 :002  Consider Nengo dumpsites which has been used as a dumping Conduct site surveys to 20,000,000 Management of site for cut and excavated earth material from the previous identify the alternative excavated soil spoil phases of RUDP II for its capacity to handle the project soil sites for dumping spoil. Otherwise, look for new dumpsites. Selected dumpsites Review and approve the will not be located near Lake Kivu or Sebeya River or any storm management and water runway. rehabilitation plan for the  Preferably they will be located in areas of depression and of low dumpsite land use value, where they cannot be washed into downstream ecosystems.  Wherever possible, spoiled materials can be placed in low-lying parts of the topography or be used for filling exaction holes or road potholes and should be appropriately compacted.  Prior to commencement of use of the dumping sites a plan of the management and rehabilitation of the dumpsite shall be prepared 237 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) by the contractor and approved by the Consultant and Rubavu District ESTC 2 : Wastewater Management ESTC 2 :001 Avail the adequate number of toilets and hand wash basins (one toilet Define the location and 8,000,000 Sewage Management for every ten persons with a minimum of a total of 10 toilets number of toilets and hand including at least 2 units at each active site (construction camp, wash basins and ensure borrow site, quarry site, dumpsite, etc) and separate latrines for safe disposal of the males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. sewage. The toilets, septic The sewage in the campsite will be handled using pit latrines and all tanks and soak away pits along the work site by mobile toilets. Hand wash basins will also will not be located in the be provided along with toilets. storm water run way or Provision of adequate treatment and disposal for the sewage (septic flooding area. tanks and soak away pits) ESTC 2 :002 Hazardous waste (including bitumen, oils, additives, grease, diesel, Define the location for the 7,000,000 Management of Fuels paints, etc) will be stored in appropriately labeled drums or waste storage sites away and Hazardous similar sealed container, be placed in approved storage sites water courses and ensure Substances surrounded by concrete containment to avoid leaks to the not spills or leaks to the environment environment Store all hazardous wastes appropriately in bunded areas away from water courses or provide absorbent and containment material (e.g., absorbent matting) where hazardous material are used and stored and personnel trained in the correct use. Make sure all containers, drums, and tanks that are used for storage are in good condition and are labeled with expiry date. Any container, drum, or tank that is dented, cracked, or rusted might eventually leak. Check for leakage regularly to identify potential problems before they occur. Store hazardous materials above flood plain level. Drums will safely be transported to an approved chemical waste depot; Return the emptied container of hazardous material (e.g. bitumen drums, gas cylinders, etc) back to the supplier. However, if they 238 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) are not empty prior to their return, they must be labeled with the name of the material they contained or contain and information on the supplier; Any spills should be cleaned-up within 24 hours; ESTC 3: Water Resources Management ESTC 3-001  Strictly adhere with the management guidelines proposed in Ensure the contractor Cost covered in Avoidance of pollution ESTC 1 and ESTC 2 complies with the ESTC 1 and to water resources  Ensure waste substances do not enter waterways, storm water management guidelines ESTC 2 systems or underground water tables. proposed for ESTC 3  Avail a water quality monitoring test kit for the water quality (Turbidity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chloride, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Grease and Oil, and Fecal coliforms);  Monitor and report (monthly) the water quality characteristics in the runoff from the project site to the point of the drain discharges to the receiving water (Sebeya River and Lake Kivu) (see site coordinates and maps in Table 4-2 and Figure 4-1). For compliance purpose compare the measured results with the background water quality characteristics shown in Table 5-1. ESTC 3-002  Stabilize the cleared areas not used for construction activities Ensure the contractor 4,000,000 Controlling storm with vegetation or appropriate surface water treatments as soon complies with the water, erosion and as practicable following earthwork to minimize erosion management guidelines siltation of water  Install temporary drainage works (channels and bunds) to avoid proposed for ESTC 3 bodies sediment and erosion from construction sites to the environment  Divert runoff from undisturbed areas and install sediment catch basins, where appropriate, to capture sediment-laden run-off from site  Stockpile materials away from drainage lines  Wash out ready-mix concrete agitators and concrete handling equipment at washing facilities off site or into approved bunded areas on site. 239 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs)  Ensure that tires of construction vehicles are cleaned in the washing bay (constructed at the entrance of the construction site) to remove the mud from the wheels. This shall be done in every exit of each construction vehicle to ensure the local roads are kept clean.  Ensure that roads used by construction vehicles are swept regularly to remove sediment;  Monitor and report the water quality characteristics in the runoff from the project site to the point of the drain discharges to the receiving water (2 sites in Sebeya River and one site in the Lake Kivu (see site coordinates and maps in Table 4-2 and Figure 4-1). For compliance purpose compare the measured results with the background water quality characteristics shown in Table 5-1. ESTC 4: Drainage Management ESTC 4-001 Implement the management guidelines related to provision of Ensure the contractor Part of the cost Drainage Management drainage proposed in ESTC 3-001 complies with the for site and Safe disposal of Ensure evacuation and safe disposal of the storm water from all management guidelines installation and the storm water project sites (excavation sites, road construction sites, campsites, proposed for ESTC 4-001 drainages borrow sites, quarry sites and dumpsites) to the recipient (road side drainage, Sebeya River or Lake Kivu) Establish local drainage line with appropriate trash and silt collector and screen for rainwater connecting to the existing established drainage lines; Rehabilitate road drainage structures immediately if damaged by contractors’ road transports.  Protect natural slopes of drainage channels to ensure adequate storm water drains. ESTC 4-002  Sediment traps/basins will be provided at the end or point of Ensure the contractor Part of the cost Runoff control and discharge of drains to reduce the storm water runoff velocity, complies with the for installation of Sediment Traps allow settling of silt, sediments and suspended particles including management guidelines drainages trashes before discharging the storm water into a river, stream, or proposed for ESTC 4-002 landscape 240 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs)  For security and safety purpose, the trap shall be fenced to avoid individual access and use and local communities will be educated to be aware of any possible liability issues related to the hazards posed by storm water ponds;  Where ponds cannot be installed, drains will be widened with baffles inside towards the end of drains (50 m), to slow down and calm the runoff velocity. ESTC 4-003  In areas where the storm water drainage/evacuation is not possible Ensure the contractor Part of the cost for Construction of Lagoons (parts of Rugerero-Byahi Road), provide the storm water complies with the installation of collection/infiltration ponds/lagoons and ensure they are safely management guidelines drainages proposed for ESTC 4-003 and aesthetically operated (fenced and appropriately maintained with periodic removal of trashes) ESTC 5: Soil Quality Management ESTC 5-001 Implement all waste management guidelines specified in ESTC 1 and Ensure the contractor Cost covered in Avoidance of ESTC 2 through good housekeeping of chemicals (grease, oil, complies with the ESTC 1 and contamination of soil bituminous, etc) and wastes to avoid chemical spillage and leaks or management guidelines ESTC 2 trashes that can pollute the soil. proposed for ESTC 5-001 ESTC 5-002 Limit the project activities and wastes within the project footprint Ensure the contractor 1,000,000 Management of (RoW, campsites, borrow sites, quarry sites and dumpsites) complies with the Construction material Protect the toe of all stockpiles, where erosion is likely to occur, with management guidelines stock piles silt fences, straw bales or bunds. proposed for ESTC 5-002 ESTC 6: Erosion and Sediment Control ESTC 6-001 Ensure evacuation and safe disposal of the storm water from all Conduct surveys and Part of the cost Erosion from project sites (excavation sites, road construction sites, campsites, identify the storm water for installation of construction material borrow sites, quarry sites and dumpsites) evacuation channels and drainages and stockpiles may Locate stockpiles away from drainage lines and protect the toe of all disposal sites excavation contaminate the soils stockpiles, where erosion is likely to occur, with silt fences, straw Ensure the contractor bales or bunds complies with the Remove debris from drainage paths and sediment control structures management guidelines proposed for ESC 6-001 ESTC 6-002 Reinstate and protect cleared areas as soon as possible. Carry out survey to Part of the cost 241 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) Cleared areas and Mulch to protect batter slopes before planting identify areas susceptible for installation of slopes susceptible forCover unused area of disturbed or exposed surfaces immediately with to erosion drainages and erosion mulch/grass turfings/tree plantations Ensure the contractor excavation Cover the loose sediments and water them if required complies with the Divert natural runoff around construction areas prior to any site management guidelines disturbance proposed for ESC-002 Install erosion protective measures on site prior to construction, for example, sediment traps Control drainage through a site in protected channels or slope drains Install ‘cut off drains’ on large cut/fill batter slopes to control water runoff speed and hence erosion Observe the performance of drainage structures and erosion controls during rain and modify as required. ESTC 7: Top Soil Management ESTC 7-001 Limit the project activities within the project footprint and avoid Carry out survey to Covered Land clearing and disturbance of soil outside the project site identify places where elsewhere earth works  Strip the top soil to a depth of 15 cm and store in stock piles of topsoil can be stored height not exceeding 2m. Ensure the contractor  Remove unwanted materials from top soil like grass, roots of complies with the trees and similar others. management guidelines  The stockpiles will be done in slopes of 2:1 to reduce surface proposed for ESTC 7-001 runoff and enhance percolation through the mass of stored soil.  Locate topsoil stockpiles in areas outside drainage lines and protect from erosion.  Construct diversion channels and silt fences around the topsoil stockpiles to prevent erosion and loss of topsoil.  Spread the topsoil to maintain the physic chemical and biological activity of the soil. The stored top soil will be utilized for covering all disturbed area and along the proposed plantation sites  Prior to the re-spreading of topsoil, the ground surface will be ripped to assist the bunding of the soil layers, water penetration and revegetation 242 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) ESTC 8: Topography and Landscaping ESTC 8-001 Undertake mitigation measures for erosion control/prevention Carry out survey of the 3,000,000 Land clearing and specified in ESC-001 and 002 area to identify the earth works Undertake landscaping (filling of pits, holes and depressions) and disturbed area for greening through grass-turfing and tree plantation (4,500 trees), landscaping where there is a possibility of rain-cut that will change the shape of topography. Ensure the contractor Ensure the topography of the final surface of all raised lands complies with the (construction yards, approach roads, access roads, bridge end management guidelines facilities, etc.) are conducive to enhance natural draining of proposed for ESTC 8-001 rainwater/flood water ESTC 8-002  Undertake systematic and sequential/staging greening of the Undertake consultation 20,000,000 Greening in the road road buffer zone, reinstated dumpsites, quarry and borrow site with the District and buffer zone, reinstated through grass-turfing (complete land cover) and tree plantation REMA to identify which dumpsites, quarry and (at least 4,500 trees whose species have to be approved by the species to be planted in the borrow site District) at both sides of the project roads road buffer zone  Undertake greening through grass-turfing (complete land cover) and tree plantation (at least 1 tree per 5m spacing) for dumpsites, Ensure revegetation starts borrow sites and quarry sites under reinstatement; as soon as works are completed at each section Ensure restoration has completed before the close of the project activities ESTC 9: Construction Material Extraction EHS ESTC 9-001 Avoid extracting sand from the river bed in long continuous stretches; Carry out survey of the Covered in the Sand extraction alternate patches of river bed will be left undisturbed to minimize area prior to sand cost of supply of the potentially negative impacts on the aquatic habitat. extraction and identify construction Not excavate deeper than 3 m at any single location. any sensitive material Not carry out sand extraction near chars that have sensitive Habitats receptors/habitats (e.g. Not carry out sand extraction during the night particularly near the bird colony) at or near chars the proposed sand Obtain approval from DSM before starting sand extraction from any extraction locations. location. Determine ‘no-go’ areas 243 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) Carry out sand extraction from sand bars to the extent possible. for sand extraction, Maintain record of all sand extraction (quantities, location shown on based upon the above map, timing, any sighting of key species) survey, Provide silt fences, sediment barriers or other devices around the Monitor the activity to extraction areas to prevent migration of sediment rich water in to ensure that the the river channels. contractor complies with the management practices for ESTC 9- 001.. ESTC 9-002 To consider existing dumpsite which is used as a disposal site for cut Carry out survey of the Construction material and excavated earth material from RUDP II Phase 3 in Rubavu. area prior to establish a from borrow pits and The contractors shall conduct site investigations all around the borrow or quarry site quarries sub-projects to ensure these sites have the required capacity to to identify any handle all earth material. sensitive The contractor will look for new dumpsites. Selected dumpsites will receptors/habitats (e.g. not be located near Sebeya river Lake Kivu or any storm water bird colony) at or near runway. Preferably they will be located in areas of depression and the proposed site. of low land use value, where they cannot be washed into Determine ‘no-go’ areas downstream ecosystems. Wherever possible, spoiled materials based upon the above can be placed in low-lying parts of the topography or be used for survey, filling exaction holes or road potholes and should be Monitor the activity to appropriately compacted. ensure that the Existing borrow pits along the route will be used if any. New borrow contractor complies pits (e.g. stone, gravel exploitation) may have to be established with the management where existing borrow pit material is not suitable or enough. Prior practices for ESTC 9- to commencement of use of the borrow pits, dumping sites and 002. quarries an environmental and social management plan shall be prepared and approved by the Rubavu District and LODA and, a rehabilitation plan shall also be prepared and implemented after completion of construction works. As good environmental practices, it is proposed that existing borrow pits, quarries and dumping sites are given priority. ESTC 9-003 Avoid carrying out any blasting during excavation or rock cut and  Assess the possibility Covered in the 244 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) Blasting using other project work. Should unavoidable the blasting (e.g. of avoiding use of cost of supply of explosive quarrying) the contractor will request and get approval from the explosive, otherwise construction competent authority. As per national regulations the blasting site ensure the contractor material or other should not be within a radius of 600 m of residential area and has the permit and related civil work shall always take place during day’s hours. adheres with the  The methods and the means for the storage and the handling of explosive the explosive should strictly adhere to national law national law, management practices regulations and mining standards provided by the Rwanda (ESTC 9-003) Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMPGB).  Recruit a person with a valid explosives manager's certificate as explosives manager.  Ensure that activities that involve explosives, accessories or precursor substances are: o managed by a certified explosives manager; o carried out only by competent and certified persons; and o carried out only if the licenses and permits required are in place.  Ensure use or fitting high efficiency mufflers to noisy construction equipment and provide PPE protection to workers (masks, ear protection) exposed to the noise level above 85 dB to ensure compliance of the noise management measures,  Monitor the vibration and noise level and their impacts to buildings and local people within a radius of 1 km ESTC 10: Air Quality Management ESTC 10-001 Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control Ensure the project 2,000,000 Management of devices. Maintain these devices in good working condition. Proof machinery and vehicles machinery and vehicle or maintenance register shall be required by the equipment compliance with the exhaust emissions suppliers and contractors/ subcontractors guidelines for the air Operate the vehicles in a fuel-efficient manner quality management for Service all vehicles regularly to minimize emissions machinery and vehicle’s Machinery causing excess pollution (e.g. visible smoke) will be emissions (ESTC 10-001) 245 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) banned from construction sites Limit the idling time of vehicles not more than 2 minutes. ESTC 10-002 Supply water and provide a mobile water tanker and suppress dust Ensure compliance of the 8,000,000 Management of dust and particulate emissions at the stone crusher plants, excavation project activities with the and particulates sites, borrow sites, etc. crushing of rocky and aggregate materials guidelines for the air shall be wet-crushed, or performed with particle emission control quality management for systems dust emissions (ESTC 10- Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the 002) construction site Impose speed limits on all vehicle movement at the worksite to reduce dust emissions Water construction materials prior to loading and transport Reschedule earthwork activities or vegetation clearing activities, where practical, if necessary to avoid during periods of high wind and if visible dust is blowing off-site Restore disturbed areas as soon as practicable by vegetation/grass- turfing Store the cement in silos and minimize the emissions from silos by equipping them with filters. Establish adequate locations for storage, mixing and loading of construction materials, in a way that dust dispersion is prevented because of such operations; Avail the air quality monitoring kit for particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and monitor/report (daily) the PM10 and PM2.5 level at quarry sites, asphalt plants, borrow sites, excavation and construction sites ESTC 11: Noise and Vibration Management ESTC 11-001 Maintain all vehicles in good working in accordance with Ensure the project N/A Traffic vehicles Noise manufactures maintenance procedures machinery and vehicles and vibration Ensure project drivers comply with the traffic codes concerning compliance with the management maximum speed limit, driving hours, etc. guidelines for Noise and Organize the loading and unloading of trucks, and handling Vibration Management operations for the purpose of minimizing construction noise on (ESTC 11-001) 246 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) the work site; Avail a noise measurement device, monitor and report noise level at the noisy sensitive areas (centres, school, health centres, etc).For consistency purpose, monitor the noise level at the sites shown in Figure 4-2 and compared the recorded values with the background noise level presented in Figure 5-5 ESTC 11-002 Not carry out any blasting during excavation or any other activity. Ensure the project 1,000,000 Management of Noise Should excavation be required (e.g. quarrying) the contractor will machinery/equipment from request and get approval from the competent authority. The compliance with the machineries/equipment blasting site should not be within a radius of 600 m of residential guidelines for Noise and area and shall always be take place during day’s hours. Vibration Management Use the quietest available plant and equipment or modify equipment (ESTC 11-002) to reduce noise (for example, noise control kits, lining of truck trays or pipelines). Install acoustic enclosures around generators to reduce noise levels. Concentrate the project noisy activities during day’s hours (7:00 am- 6:00) and notify adjacent landholders prior any typical noise events outside of daylight hours. Maintain all equipment in order to keep it in good working order in accordance with manufactures maintenance procedures. Equipment suppliers and contractors shall present proof of maintenance register of their equipment. Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment and provide PPE protection to workers (masks, ear protection) exposed to the noise level above 85 dB To ensure compliance of the noise management measures, monitor the noise level at the sites indicated on Figure 4-2 and compared the recorded values with the background noise level presented in Figure 5-5 ESTC 11-003 Undertake the field surveys to identify and record the status of Ensure all impacts from To be part of the Management of buildings and properties that can be affected by the ground ground induced vibration project civil vibration impact on induced vibration from the project activities from the project activities works and property during Compensate any damage (e.g. cracks in buildings) from the ground are compensated at the contingent cost 247 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) excavation, induced vibration at the satisfaction of the owners satisfaction of affected compaction, blasting Undertake investigations of seismicity on the prospective sources of persons and road operation the material including quarries/borrow pits for embankment fills, pitching, rip rap, concrete aggregates and other construction materials; Lower vulnerability of infrastructure by enhancing prior measures such as the reinforcement of works (road, bridges and culvert) Prepare an emergency response plan including response to earthquakes accidents (break, fall, fissures, landslip) that may occur during the construction works ESTC 12: Protection of Flora ESTC 12-001 Before cutting any trees, count them and show them to the District Ensure compliance of the 2,000,000 Vegetation clearance forestry/environmental officer and the project Environmental and project activities with the and revegetation Social Risk Management Specialist for assessment and approval; guidelines for Flora Reduce the disturbance to the surrounding vegetation especially those Protection (ESTC 12-001) with protection status shown in Figure 5-19 and Table 7- 3); For every cut tree, replace it by planting 3 trees (native species); Minimize the length of time the ground is exposed or excavation left open by clearing and re-vegetate the area at the earliest practically possible. Wherever possible (where vegetation can grow), plant the vegetation on cuts and embankments Provide adequate knowledge to the workers regarding nature protection and the need of avoid felling trees during construction ESTC 13: Protection of Fauna ESTC 13-001 Check the project site of the presence of sensitive habitats including Ensure compliance of the 1,000,000 Protection of animal of active nests or eggs of migratory birds. project activities with the habitat In case active nests are identified, shift the work to the other sections guidelines for Fauna and seek advice from or REMA Protection (ESTC 13-001) Minimize the release of oil, oil wastes or any other harmful substances to the environment especially in water ways. Provide adequate knowledge to the workers regarding protection of flora and fauna, and relevant government regulations and 248 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) punishments for illegal poaching ESTC 14: Protection of Fisheries ESTC 14-001 Implement the management guidelines for Waste Management Ensure compliance of the Cost covered in Fishery Protection (ESTC 1 and ESTC 2) and Waste Resources Management and project activities with the solid waste and (ESTC 3) guidelines for Protection of wastewater Minimize the release of oil, oil wastes or any other harmful fisheries (ESTC 14-001) management substances to water ways. (ESTC 1 and During abstraction of water in the nearby water bodies for ESTC 2) suppressing dust or use in other construction activities, install and maintain aquatic lives/fish screens at the water intake ESTC 15: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management ESTC 15-001 Prepare and submit a traffic management plan to the consultant for Conduct surveys to 10,000,000 Construction vehicular approval at least 30 days before commencing work on any project identify the traffic accident traffic component involved in traffic diversion and management. hotspots and road deviation Include in the traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic alternatives movement during construction: detailed drawings of traffic Review and approve the arrangements showing all detours, temporary road, temporary Contractor’s Traffic bridges temporary diversions, necessary barricades, warning Management Plan signs / lights, and road signs. Ensure compliance of the Avail traffic sign posts (at least 5 for each category shown in Table 7- project activities with the 13), warning tapes (at least 100 tapes) guidelines for the Provide road signs and warning tapes at strategic locations of the management of roads complying with the schedules of signs contained in the construction vehicular Rwanda Traffic Regulations. traffic (ESTC 15-001) Install and maintain a display board at each important road intersection on the roads to be used during construction, which shall clearly show the following information in Kinyarwanda: Location: Village name Duration of construction period Period of proposed detour / alternative route Suggested detour route map o Name and contact address/telephone number of the concerned personnel 249 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) o Name and contact address / telephone number of the Contractor o Inconvenience is sincerely regretted. ESTC 15-002 Restrict the transport of oversized loads, uncovered, unsealed Ensure compliance of the 2,000,000 Spillage of fuels and substances and overloaded trucks project activities with the chemicals Enforce on-site speed limit by strategically position the traffic sign guidelines for the posts and humps at those accidents hot spots management of Accidents Clean up all spills of substances/material and spillage of fuels and chemicals (ESTC 15-002) ESTC 16: Wetland use activities ESTC 16-001  Avoid as much as possible disruption of water bodies or other Ensure compliance of the N/A Earthworks and green wetland (e.g. dumping or illegal discharge of pollutants); project activities with the infrastructure  Respect the buffer zone regulation (avoid construction wetland and buffer zone construction activities within 10 m of water bodies or wetlands). protection guidelines activities in wetlands ESTC 17: Construction Camp Management ESTC 17-001 Submit to the consultant for approval a detailed layout plan for the Conduct surveys to Cost covered in Siting and Location of installment of construction camp showing the relative locations of identify the most the site construction camps all temporary buildings, including the management plan for the suitable locations for installation storm water, sewage and other wastes dumpsites Construction camps will be small, will not include dormitories, only Review and approve the areas for eating, hygiene and sanitation, storage of belongings, detailed layout plan for etc. the installment of Construction camps will be installed as far as possible from the construction camp communities in order to avoid social conflicts; Local authorities showing the relative responsible in the district for Environment health, social affairs locations of all and security shall be duly informed on the set up of camp temporary buildings, facilities so as to maintain effective surveillance over public including the health, social and security matters. management plan for the storm water, sewage and other wastes 250 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) ESTC 17-002 Provision of Safe and reliable water supply Ensure compliance of the Cost covered in Water Supply and Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. project activities with the site Sanitation Facilities Provision of the adequate number (one toilet for every ten persons) the guidelines for the installation & and separate latrines and bathing places for males and females management of Water operation with total isolation by wall or by location. Supply and Sanitation Provision of adequate treatment and disposal for the sewage Facilities (ESTC 17- 002) ESTC 17-003 Ensure harvesting of rain water from the campsite building roof using Ensure compliance of the Cost covered in Storm water water tanks (at least one tank of 5 m3); project activities with the site management Ensure safe drainage and disposal of all runoff generated from the the guidelines for the installation & campsite (soak away pits or drainage to the side of the roads management of the operation storm water (ESTC 17- 002) ESTC 17-004 Implement the management guidelines for Waste Management Ensure compliance of the Cost covered in Management solid of (ESTC 1 and ESTC 2) project activities with the the site wastes guidelines for the installation & management of wastes operation (ESTC 17-004) ESTC 17-005 Made available alternative fuels like natural gas or kerosene on ration Ensure compliance of the Cost covered in Management of to the workforce to prevent them using biomass for cooking. project activities with the the site Energy for cooking guidelines for the energy installation & management (ESTC 17- operation 005) ESTC 17-006 Provide first aid kit and maintain a stock of medicines in the facility Ensure compliance of the Cost covered in Health and Hygiene and appoint fulltime designated first aider or nurse. project activities with the the site Keep in contact with the ambulance to be used during emergency. guidelines for the installation & Initial health screening of the laborers coming from outside areas management of the storm operation Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care water (ESTC 17-006) issues and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work Provide HIV awareness programming, including COVID 19, STI (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV information, education and communication for all workers on regular basis 251 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) Complement educational interventions with easy access to condoms at campsites as well as voluntary counseling and testing Install drainage facilities throughout the construction camps and other project areas to ensure that disease vectors such as stagnant water bodies and puddles do not form. Regular mosquito repellant sprays during the wet seasons. Carryout short training sessions on best hygiene practices to be mandatorily participated by all workers. Place display boards at strategic locations within the project area containing messages on best hygienic practices ESTC 17-007 Post the campsite safety rules at the strategic places. Communicate Ensure compliance of the Covered in the Safety the roles and responsibilities of laborers in case of emergency in project activities with the safety best the monthly meetings with contractors guidelines for safety practices Provide appropriate security personnel (private security guards) and (ESTC 17-007) enclosures to prevent unauthorized entry in to the camp area. Maintain register to keep a track on a head count of persons present in the camp at any given time. Encourage use of flameproof material for the construction of housing / site office. Also, ensure that these houses/rooms are of sound construction and capable of withstanding storms with strong winds and installed with lightening protection. Provide appropriate type of firefighting equipment suitable for the construction camps Display emergency contact numbers clearly and prominently at strategic places in camps. ESTC 17-008 Dismantle and remove from the site all facilities established within Ensure compliance of the Cost covered in Site Restoration the construction camp including the perimeter fence and lockable project activities with the the site gates if build. guidelines for site decommissioning Maintain the noise levels within the national standards during restoration (ESTC 17-008) demolition activities or international standards (noise residential level cannot be more than 80 dB) Contractor should connect with NGOs or the community to see potential use of good material that can be use by others. 252 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) Dispose remaining debris at the designated waste disposal site. Handover the areas to land owner or district if agreement between both parties (contactor and land-owner) has been made and it will be signed an verify in a written report by the ESS that the area is clean of construction waste, hazardous waste (painting, diesel, oils, others). Restore the site to its condition prior to commencement of the works or to an agreed condition with the landowner. ESTC 18: Cultural and Religious Issues ESTC 18-001 Limit all construction activities within the foot prints of the Ensure compliance of the 3,000,000 Construction activities construction sites and avoid disturbance to cultural and religious project activities with the near religious and sites, wherever possible guidelines for Cultural and cultural sites Stop work immediately and notify the site manager if, during Religious Issues (ESTC construction, an archaeological, grave or burial site is discovered. 18-001) It is an offence to recommence work in the vicinity of the site until approval to continue is given by the DSM/PIU. Provide separate prayer facilities to the construction workers. Show appropriate behavior with all construction workers especially women and elderly people Allow the workers to participate in praying during construction time Resolve cultural issues in consultation with local leaders and supervision consultants Establish a mechanism that allows local people to raise grievances arising from the construction process. Ensure the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security are duly informed before commencement of civil works so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters ESTC 19: Environmental, Social, Health and Safety ESTC 19-001 Hire 3 specialists: (1) Environmental Specialist; (2) The Social Risk Ensure the contractor has 24,000,000 Health and Safety Best Management Specialist; (3) The Safety, Health and First Aid an environment, health and practices Specialist; safety manager to look Eliminating the hazard by removing the activity from the work after the health and safety 253 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) process. Examples include substitution with less hazardous of the workers chemicals, using different manufacturing processes. Ensure the contractor Controlling the hazard at its source through use of engineering complies with Worker controls. Examples include local exhaust ventilation, isolation Health and Safety rooms, machine guarding, acoustic insulating. Minimizing the hazard through design of safe work systems and administrative or institutional control measures. Examples include job rotation, training safe work procedures, lock-out and tag-out, workplace monitoring, limiting exposure or work duration. Avail the adequate number of a complete set of PPEs such as overall, safety boots, helmets, masks, gloves, goggles, full-face eye shields, and ear protection. (every worker must have a complete set of PPEs) and ensure workers get trainings on PPEs use and maintenance. The application of prevention and control measures to occupational hazards should be based on comprehensive job safety or job hazard analyses. The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards. Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security duly informed before commencement of civil works and establishment of construction camps so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters. ESTC 19-002 The contractor and consultant will have GBV Specialists as part of Inspect the work site and Covered Child and pregnant the key staff of the team; employee’s records to elsewhere labor and Gender Not hire children of less than 18 in accordance with the Law no check the contractor’s Based Violence (GBV) 66/2018 regulating labor in Rwanda. compliance to child and Prepare a GBV action plan which will include but not limited to, pregnant labour (ESTC 19- the following activities: 002) Action 1: Gather information to understand how violence directly impacts the project workers and communities around and the availability of services for victims and survivors of violence 254 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) and exploitation in the project area Action 2: Develop strategies and plans to address GBV, sexual exploitation and other abuse among the project participants (workers and communities). Consider interventions for the short term (six months to one year) and medium term (project duration) Action 3: Equip the project team (GBV specialist, ESS Specialists) to respond appropriately to support those seeking assistance Action 4: Include violence prevention and response activities in weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual work plans; Mandatory and repeated training and awareness raising (induction training and daily tool box talks to workers) about refraining from unacceptable conduct toward local community members, specifically women. Local people will also be sensitized against GBV and child labor before the start of the works and quarterly during the project implementation; Informing workers about national laws (e.g. Law 2 of N°59/2008 of 10/09/2008) that make sexual harassment and gender-based violence a punishable offence which is prosecuted; Introducing a Worker Code of Conduct (Annex 10) as part of the employment contract, and including sanctions for non- compliance (e.g., termination) including pursuing workers who have impregnated local women; During works, separate facilities for women & men, GBV-free zone signage. In case of a grievance emanating from GBV, a special GBV task force will be established and will be in charge of receiving, assessing and handling all cases of sexual harassment and GBV. The taskforce will also handle GBV throughout the project implementation stage. The task force includes project staff namely: Human resource officer and social safeguards specialist from the contractor, Social Safeguards Specialist from the concerned PIU (LODA, Rubavu district administration), Gender 255 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) Monitoring Officer and Environmental and Social Management Specialist from the District , Social Safeguards Specialist from the supervising firm, Women representative from the GRC at cell level and GBV service provider in the area of GBV prevention and handled referral pathways for the GBV survivors (see Annex 10 for more guidance). ESTC 19-003 Avail at least 3 units of appropriately equipped first aid stations19 Inspect the work site to 7,500,000 First aid facilities and (one at campsite and two moving stations); check the contractor’s health care facilities Document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents compliance to provision of within 24 hours using the format in Annex 7. First aid facilities and Prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, health care facilities or occurring in the course of work by minimizing, so far as (ESTC 19-003) reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards. In a manner consistent with good international industry practice. Identify potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life-threatening and provide necessary preventive and protective measures. Provide awareness to the construction drivers to strictly follow the driving rules ESTC 19-004 The Contractor shall implement the guidelines related to provision of First aid facilities and Cost e covered in Campsite facilities water supply and sanitation facilities in the campsite (ESTC 19- health care facilities site installation 002) including provision of safe and reliable water supply and hygienic sanitary facilities and those related to the storm water management (ESTC 19-003) ESTC 19-005 The contractor shall provide portable toilets at the construction sites, Inspect the construction 7,000,000 Water and sanitation if about 25 people are working the whole day for a month. site to check the facilities at the Location of portable facilities shall be at least 6 m away from contractor’s compliance to construction sites storm drain system and surface waters. provision of potable water These portable toilets shall be cleaned four times a day and all the and sanitation facilities at 19 The First Aid Kit should at least contain the Compression wrap, Antibiotic ointment, Tweezers, Antihistamine tablets, Hand sanitizer, Antiseptic wipes, Bandaids of various sizes and Eye wash 256 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) sewerage shall be pumped from the collection tank once a day the construction sites and shall be brought to the septic tank for further treatment or (ESTC 19-004) disposal. The contractor shall provide eating areas and drinking water to the construction workers at all the construction sites ESTC 19-006 Implement the guidelines for Waste Management (ESTC 1, ESTC 2), Ensure the compliance of Cost covered in Health risks to Water Resources Management (ESTC 3), Drainage Management the project activities to site installation workers and general (ESTC 4), Air Quality Management (ESTC 10), Noise and guidelines for the public Vibration Management (ESTC 11) and Road Transport and Road management of Health Traffic Management (ESTC 15) risks to workers and general public (ESTC 19- 005) ESTC 19-007 Conduct regular training (induction, daily tool box) to all construction Ensure workers get Cost covered in Trainings workers in environmental, basic sanitation and health care issues trainings on health and ESH-001 (see Table 7-14 for more details). safety (ESTC 19-006) Train all construction workers in general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work. Training shall consist of basic hazard awareness, site specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. Implement malaria, COVID 19, HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign targeting all workers hired, international and national, female and male, skilled, semi- and unskilled occupations, at the time of recruitment and thereafter pursued throughout the construction phase on ongoing and regular basis. This shall be complemented by easy access to condoms at the workplace as well as to voluntary counseling and testing ESTC 20: Social impacts ESTC 20-001 Avoid the disturbance of utility services, access to homes, businesses, Inspect the construction Cost covered in Best practices for agricultural fields or other natural livelihood assets, Noise, dust site to enforce the best site installation utility services, access and other nuisances practices for utility and civil works to homes, businesses, Maintain any existing right of way across the whole or part of the services, access to homes, 257 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) agricultural fields or construction site and public and private access to adjoining businesses, agricultural other natural frontages in a safe condition and to a standard not less than that fields or other natural livelihood assets, Noise, pertaining at the commencement of the contract. If requested by livelihood assets, Noise, dust and other the consultant or Rubavu District, the Contractor shall provide dust and other nuisances nuisances acceptable alternative means of passage or access to the (ESTC 20). satisfaction of the persons affected. Provide the access road to all buildings especially those accommodating business activities; Provide alternative temporary spaces for informal businesses (mobile credits selling stands, motorcycles parking sites); Engage with formal businesses owners in dialogue on potential periods of disruption; Conduct the construction works in phases so as to allow some businesses to continue; Provide temporal access bridges to the businesses during construction works; Provide appropriate information to potentially affected local communities prior to the beginning of any works in order to allay fears, complaints or potential risks due to lack of information or awareness about the project activities; Ensure provision of the disability accessibility including footpaths and access with railings and handrails; In case electricity and water supplies are to be disrupted, the PMU must inform affected households and businesses of the same at least 2 days in advance. Place wooden planks over constructed ditches which have not been reinstated to ensure access to the households along the construction route. Inform the street household businesses of the construction activities and their potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule at least 2 weeks before start of the construction. Set up construction and traffic warning signs at the construction site. 258 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) Provide safe and easy access to the household businesses putting clean and strong thick wood panels or steel plates over the open ditches. Avoid piling up materials and wastes within 20m from household businesses and shops. Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day at site. Clean up construction areas at the end of the day, especially construction areas in front of business shops. Provide night lighting system with luminously painted fence and night lamp. ESTC 20-002 Employ local casual labor and instruct them on environmental issues, Inspect the construction 20,500,000 Community health and safety and health before construction tasks are assigned. site to enforce the best safety risks due to lack Communicate to migrant workers on local customs, practices and practices Community of inadequate/ habits in order to avoid conflicts with local people. health and safety risks due ineffective Maintain open communications channels with the local government to lack of communication to local and concerned communities; the contractor shall coordinate with Inadequate/ineffective communities local authorities (leaders of Cells or Villages, leaders of Sectors) communication to local for agreed schedules of construction operations in areas nearby communities (ESTC 20). sensitive places or during sensitive times (e.g. religious; sports events). A grievance mechanism/grievance committee will be set to mitigate or mediate for any project related issue to the community. The GRCs will be trained by the contractor on a quarterly basis and will have regular monthly meetings and whenever there is an issue to solve (on training/meeting days, the contractor will provide facilitations to the GRC members who attend the training/meeting). Copies of Kinyarwanda versions of these Environmental and Social Technical Clauses and of other relevant environmental protection documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site. Project information will be disseminated to affected parties (e.g. 259 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Environmental and Management practices by the Contractors and sub-contractors Management practices by Cost (FRw) Social Technical the Consultant Clauses (ESTCs) local authorities, businesses and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before construction commencement. A contact address will be provided to the community. Community concerns and requested information are to be monitored as the project progresses. Inquiries must be responded by telephone and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner. Local residents/community verifiers must be informed about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, demolition operations, as appropriate. Technical documents and drawings will be provided to local authorities, especially the sketch of construction areas and the ESMP of the construction site. Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that affected people could have a channel to voice their concerns and suggestions Total 153,000,000 260 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 11. CONCLUSION The RUDP II phase 3 for the construction of roads, standalones and rainwater pond/lagoon in the Rubavu Secondary City is economically feasible in regard to local residents with easy access to roads network. The project also has the potential to increase social, cultural/historical services, as well as business activities in the area by effectively reducing the travel time. The scoping exercise has identified a number of issues pertaining to the proposed roads construction in the Rubavu City. The issues/impacts have been assessed and described in some detail to gain an adequate understanding of possible environmental effects of the proposed project – from design to decommissioning, in order to formulate mitigation measures in response to negative aspects which have emerged. Since roads upgrade, drainage and pond systems will largely follow existing alignments, ESIA findings indicate that direct impacts will be fairly benign and limited to the alignment areas where road and drainage works will be undertaken. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) identified mandatory prevention compensation and mitigation measures. The ESMP should be implemented as a prerequisite for a positive Record of Decision (RoD) by the appropriate authorities. The Environmental Monitoring Plan provides parameters to be monitored, responsibilities, frequency and associated budget. The consultant is recommending that the Project Implementing Agency assigns its technical team to undertake the monitoring of the mitigation measures for the project through its existence. This way the developer will achieve sustainable project implementation at reduced cost for undertaking the monitoring. The figures given are considered to be absolute maximum such implementation and monitoring could cost. However, regular internal monitoring shall be carried out by the project proponent. Given the nature and location of the project development activities, the conclusion is that the potential impacts associated with the proposed development are of a nature and extent that can be reduced, limited and eliminated by the application of the proposed appropriate mitigation measures hence the construction of the roads and drainages in the six secondary cities shall be successfully implemented with some recommendations. 261 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City LIST OF REFERENCES African Cultural Heritage Organisation, ACHO (2009). Cultural Heritage and the Law protecting immovable heritage in English-speaking countries of sub-Saharan Africa. ICCROM, UNESCO, CRATerre, CHDA. Maxtudio, Rome; American Public Works Association (APWA) (2011). 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Ministère des Ressources Naturelles. Service Géologique. Institut 263 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Géographique National de Belgique. Republic of Rwanda (2020). Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II), Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Kigali, pp266 Republic of Rwanda (2020). Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II), Labour Management Procedures, Kigali, August 2020, pp72 Republic of Rwanda (2020). Rwanda Urban Management Project (RUPD II): Stakeholder Engagement Plan, Kigali, August 2020, pp93 Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) (2018). Inventory of Sources of AirPollution in Rwanda. Determination of Future Trends and Development of a National Air Quality Control Strategy 19 January 2018 SGI Ingénierie SA (2009). Actualisation du plan directeur d’assainissement des eaux pluviales et eaux usées de la Ville de Kigali. Etude d’impact environnemental et social (EIES) de la tranche prioritaire (version définitive). UNCTAD; World Bank (2018). Environmental and Social Impact Assessments. Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI) Knowledge Into Action Note, no. 14;. World Bank, Washington, DC. WorldBank. US Geological Survey (2008) WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, Global update 2005 World Bank (2007). Environmental and Social Operational Policies.World Bank, IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines. World Bank 2016. World Bank Environmental and Social Framework.” World Bank, Washington, DC 264 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ANNEXES Annex 1: Road engineering design (Rugerero-Buhuru asphalt road) 265 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 266 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 267 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Road engineering design (Byahi settlement asphalt roads) 268 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 269 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 270 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 271 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 2: Retaining wall engineering design 272 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 2: Special distribution of seismicity events in and around Rwanda (with location of the proposed project area) Source: MIDIMAR: The National Risk Atlas of Rwanda: ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Program; 2015. 273 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 3: Social Survey Questionnaire for PAPs Questionnaire for Social Economic Survey of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) For Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II)–Phase 3 This questionnaire is designed for the communities living within or in the vicinity of the project right of way (Potential Project Affected Persons/PAPs) Information provided in this Questionnaire is Confidential for social research purposes and information provided shall not be used as a means of punishing the interviewee or for any selfish motive. PRE-INTERVIEW INFORMATION HH No--------------------------------------Date-----------------------------Province------------------------------------------------- District (Akarere) ---------------------------------Sector----------------------------Cell (Akagari) ----------------------------- Village (Umudugudu) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Ubudehe category…………………………………………………………… Note: Only the head of the household or his / her spouse should be interviewed. (Please circle the correct number) 1. INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION 1.1. Which form of communication is easily available to you? a) Landline telephone b) E-mail c) Mobile telephone d) Public phones e) Person to person f) None 1.2. Have you ever heard of RUDP or got any information regarding the RUDP phase 1, 2, 3? a) Yes b) No (if no, the Researcher/Research Assistant should explain the RUDP phase 1, 2 and their components). 1.3. If yes, what kind of information did you get? Note: The Researcher/ Research Assistant should explain the RUDP, its phases and their components 2. VIEWS AND EXPERIENCE FROM RUDP PHASE 1 AND 2 2.1 What are the positive impacts of the RUDP II Phase 1 and/ or 2/? a) Employment b) Upgrade of road infrastructure c) Upgrade of drains d) Increased value of land e) Increased value of business opportunity f) Increased traffic safety g) other (specify) ----------- 2.2 What are the negative impacts of the RUDP II Phase 1 and 2? a) Loss of land b) Loss of properties c) Disruption of utility services d) Disrupted traffic flows e) Disrupted access to places f) Traffic accident g) Work accident h) Air Pollution i) Land Pollution j) Water Pollution k) Erosion, landslide & storm water inconvenience j) other (specify) ---------------------------------------------- 2.2 Explain what should have been done to mitigate the negative impacts of the RUDP II Phase 1 and 2 a) Loss of land ………………………………………………………………………………. b) Loss of properties ………………………………………………………………………………….. c) Disruption of utility services …………………………………………………………………. 274 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City d) Disrupted traffic flows ………………………………………………………………………….. e) Disrupted access to places ………………………………………………………………………… f) Traffic accident ………………………………………………………………………………… g) Work accident …………………………………………………………………………………. h) Air Pollution i) Land Pollution j) Water Pollution i) Erosion, landslide & storm water inconvenience i) Other (specify) ---------------------------------------------- 3. INFORMATION, VIEWS AND CONCERNS ABOUT RUDP II PHASE 3 3.1 General Information 3.1.1 Have you ever got any information regarding the RUDP II Phase 3? ----------------------- 3.1.2. From whom did you get information about the RUDP II Phase 3 project from? (Multiple Answers) a) Village Committees b) Radio c) Newspapers d) Friends e) Relatives f) workers g) Religious gathering g) Other (specify) --------------------------------------- Note: The Researcher/ Research Assistant should now explain the RUDP II Phase 3 and its components) 3.1.3 Are you in agreement with the proposed RUDP II Phase 3 and its components? a) Yes b) No If no why? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.1.4. What suggestions would you put forward to agree on the project components? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.1.5. What social benefits do you foresee from the proposed RUDP II Phase 3? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.1.6. What recommendations do you have for the proposed RUDP II Phase 3 to increase your benefits from the project? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.2 TRADITIONAL/CULTURAL SITES 3.2.1 Is there any traditional or cultural ground in the corridor or nearby the RUDPII Phase 3 components? a. Yes b. No c. I do not know 3.2.2 If yes, which ones? a) Type of site b) Distance to the b) Who uses it? c) Is it possible to d) Explanation for (c) alignment surrender it? 1. Yes 2. No Burial grounds Genocide memorial Healing shrines Religious shrines Archaeological Other (specify) 3.2.3 If tombs exist, how many? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 275 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 3.2.4 What are your suggestions towards the integrity or improvement of the site? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.3 SENSITIVE ECOSYSTEMS AND AMMENITIES 3.3.1 Is there any sensitive ecosystem (unstable slope, flooding area, wetlands, water bodies, fishing grounds, woodland, quarry/mining, etc) within or around the RUDP II Phase 3 right of way? a. Yes b. No c. I do not know 3.3.2 If yes which ones? a) Community b) Name of c) Where is the d) Who owns e) Who uses property location where actual location of it? it? resource/facility the  Household  Youth is situated resource/facility?  Private  Women  In the RUDP individual  Men II Phase 3  Government  General corridor  Community public  In the vicinity 1. Unstable slope 2. Flooding area 3. Wetlands 4. Water resources 5. Fishing grounds 6. Woodland 7. Quarry/mining 8. Cemetery 9. Others (Specify) 3.3.3 Is there any spring water, medicine plant or other useful vegetation, playing ground, street parking site for motorcycle & Bicycles, street vending site for airtime and other stuff within or around the RUDP II Phase 3 to be affected? a. Yes b. No 3.1 If yes which ones? Community property Name of Where is the actual Who owns it? f) Who uses location where location of the Household it? resource/facility resource/facility? Private Youth is situated In the RUDP phase 3 individual Women corridor Government Men In the vicinity Community General public a. Playing ground b. Spring water c. medicine plant or other useful vegetation d. Street parking site for motorcycles 276 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City e. Street parking site for bicycles f. Street vending sites for airtime g. Street vending sites for other stuff h. Others (Specify) 3.4 HEALTH AND VULNERABILITY 3.4.1. Are there any physically challenged or chronically ill people in the household? YES NO If YES: a) Type of disability/illness: -------------------- b) Any involvement request to the project to improve your livelihood? : ------------------------ 3.4.2 What are the most common diseases that affect the family? Occurrence Treatment No. Disease Yes No Medical Herbal None Other 1 Malaria 2 Cough 3 Pneumonia 4 Cholera 5 Dysentery 6 Diarrhoea 7 Intestinal worms 8 Eye infections 9 Ear infections 10 COVID 19 11 EBOLA 12 HIV&AIDS 13 Other diseases (specify) – please write them outside the table No. Occurrence Resolution Disease Yes No Mediation Litigation ( use Reporting to the Other at Abunzi of court of law) Isange one stop centre 1 Polygamy 2 Concubinage 3 Unwanted and early pregnancies among young girls 4 Drug addiction among the young girls 5 Sexual violence against women 6 Physical violence against women 7 Family wealth squandering 8 Property conflicts in the family 277 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City No. Occurrence Resolution Disease Yes No Mediation Litigation ( use Reporting to the Other at Abunzi of court of law) Isange one stop centre 9 Women works longer than men (inequality in Employment) 10 Women earns less than men 11 Man are more employed than women 12 Prostitution and promiscuity 13 Drug abuse among adult people 14 Excessive drinking/ Alcohol abuse 3.5 WELFARE INDICATORS (encircle the right answer) 3.5.1. Where do you get drinking water from (encircle the right answer)? a) Rainwater harvesting at home b) Rainwater harvesting away from home c) Borehole d) Protected spring e) Unprotected spring f) Motorised borehole g) Well with pump h) River k) Other (specify) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.5.2. What fuel do you use in the household for cooking? a) Firewood b) Gas c) Charcoal d) Solar e) Paraffin/Kerosene f) Electricity g) Other (specify) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.5.3. Source of Energy for lighting a) Generator b) Paraffin lamp c) Paraffin candle d) Wax candle e) Solar panel f) Gas g) Electricity h) none i) other (specify) ------------------------------ 3.5.4 Excreta disposal system available a) Shared-neighbours b) Shared-public c) Private 3.6 What are the most common gender issues that affect the family? THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME 278 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 4: Interview Guide - Project Key Informants Questionnaire for Social Economic Survey of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) – Phase 3 This questionnaire is designed to collect information from the RUDP Key Informants (Contractors, District Road Engineers, Environmentalists, Social Safeguard officers, LODA Environmentalist and Social Specialists). Information provided in this Questionnaire is Confidential for research purposes and information provided shall not be used as a means of punishing the interviewee or for any selfish motive. PRE-INTERVIEW INFORMATION Contractor Company or District Official --------------------------------------Date----------------------------- Province -------------------------------------------------District (Akarere) ---------------------Sector---------------------------- Cell (Akagari) -----------------------------Village (Umudugudu) --------------------------------------------------------------- 1. VIEWS AND EXPERIENCE FROM CONTRACTORS, DISTRICT AND LODA FROM RUDP II PHASE 1 AND 2 1.1. Were you involved in RUDP II Phase 1 or 2? a) Yes [ ] b) No [ ] 1.2. If yes, what were the challenges you faced in the implementation of the RUDP II Phase 1 and /or 2 in terms of the following: (Note: Be as detailed as possible) a) Implementation of the Project Engineering Design …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. b) Implementation of the Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) including budget, staff, logistics, etc. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... c) Traffic Safety …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………. d) Work safety……………………………………………………………………………………................. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................ e) Labour management ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….. f) Gender and sexual abuse ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… g) Storm water management ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… h) Noise pollution and vibration ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 279 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ………………………………………………………………………. i) Utilities in the project right of way …………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… j) Disposal of soil spoil ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………. k) Disposal of oil, bitumen and chemical wastes……………………………………………………… ...……………………………..……………………………………………………………………………… ….…………………….……………………………………………………………………………………… l) Dust emission and pollution ……………………………………………………………………….................. ......... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … m) Sanitation facilities ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… n) Workers’ Access to drinking water …………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… o) Biodiversity, wetlands or other sensitive ecosystems in the project right of way …………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ....................................................................................................................................................................... ................. p) Tombs or cultural sites in the project right of way......................................................................... …............................................................................................................................ ....................................... .......................................... 1.2 Explain what should have been done to avoid the challenges mentioned above a) Implementation of the Project Engineering Design …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Implementation of the Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) in general including budget, staff or logistics. ................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... c) Traffic Safety …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………. d) Work safety……………………………………………………………………………………................. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................ e) Labour management ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….. f) Gender and sexual abuse ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… g) Storm water management ………………………………………………………………………… 280 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………. h) Noise pollution and vibration ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………. i) Utilities in the project right of way …………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… j) Disposal of soil spoil ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………. k) Disposal of oil, bitumen and chemical wastes……………………………………………………… ...……………………………..……………………………………………………………………………… ….…………………….……………………………………………………………………………………… l) Dust emission and pollution …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… m) Sanitation facilities ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………. n) Workers’ Access to drinking water …………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… o) Biodiversity, wetlands and other sensitive ecosystem in the project right of way …………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ....................................................................................................................................................................... ............ p) Tombs or cultural sites in the project right of way......................................................................... …............................................................................................................................ ....................................... .................................................................................................................................. 1.3: What issues do you expect to arise during the implementation of RUDP II phase? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.4 What improvements can you foresee in the implementation of RUDP II Phase 3 to mitigate the challenges mentioned above (the assistant repeat those challenges to the respondent)? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME 281 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 5: Interview Guide - Focused Group Discussion Questionnaire for Social Economic Survey of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) For Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II)– Phase 3 This questionnaire is guidance for focused group discussion (local communities, female/vulnerable/young/business person/drivers) about RUDP II Phase 3 Information provided in this Questionnaire is Confidential for social research purposes and information provided shall not be used as a means of punishing the interviewee or for any selfish motive. PRE-INTERVIEW INFORMATION Group (local communities/female/young/business person/drivers) ................................................... Date-----------------------Province------------------------------------District (Akarere) --------------------------------- Sector----------------------------Cell (Akagari) -----------------------------Village (Umudugudu) ---------------------- 1. INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION 1.1 Have you ever got any information regarding the RUDP II Phase 1, 2, 3? a) Yes b) No (if no, the surveyor should now explain the RUDP II Phase 1, 2 and 3 and their components) 1.2 If yes, what kind of information did you get? ....................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................ ............... 2. VIEWS AND EXPERIENCE FROM RUDP II PHASE 1 AND 2 2.1 What are the positive impacts of the RUDP previous phases to your family in general and to your group (local communities/female/young/business person/drivers female/young/business person/drivers) in particular? a. ............................................................................................................................................. b. .................................................................................................................................. c. ....................................................................................................................................... ...... d. .................................................................................................................................. e. ............................................................................................................................................. f. .................................................................................................................................. 2.2 What are the negative impacts of the RUDP previous phases to your family in general and to your group (local communities/female/young/business person/drivers female/young/business person/drivers) in particular? a. ............................................................................................................................................. b. .................................................................................................................................. c. ............................................................................................................................................. d. .................................................................................................................................. e. ............................................................................................................................................. f. .................................................................................................................................. 2.3 The surveyor will explain to the participants that now we have another chance (RUDP II phase 3), and then ask them a question on what should be done to maximize positive impacts to their families in general and to the groups they belong to (local communities/female/young/business person/drivers female/young/business person/drivers) in particular? a. ............................................................................................................................................. b. .................................................................................................................................. c. ............................................................................................................................................. 282 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City d. .................................................................................................................................. e. ............................................................................................................................................. f. .................................................................................................................................. g. 2.4 For RUDP II phase 3, what should be done to avoid negative impacts such as those observed in phase 1 and 2? a. ............................................................................................................................................. b. .................................................................................................................................. c. ............................................................................................................................................. d. .................................................................................................................................. e. ............................................................................................................................................. f. .................................................................................................................................. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME 283 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 6: Grievance Redress Mechanism Log Frame Template PROJECT: District Sector Cell Village ……………………… …………………… ………… ……………. …………….. Grievance number: …………………………………………. Name of the Title:………………………… recorder:……………………………………………. .. Date: …… / ………………/………… Complainant Names: Signature of Complainant………………… ………………………………………………… Date: ……/………………/………… … Province District Sector Cell Village ………………………… …………………… …………… …………… …………….. .. . Details of Complaint: ……………………………………………………………………….................. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Grievance Clouse Out Grievance number: …………………………………. Define immediate action required: ……………………………………………………… Define Long term action required (If necessary): ……………………… Corrective action plan taken Due date Responsible party (Filled in and signed by the complainant when she/he receives compensation or file closed): ……………………………………………………………………………………… 284 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Complainant Name:……………………………Date:…/…….../…… Signature………… Responsible Grievance Redress Committee 1. Title………………… Name…………………………..Date…/……../……. Signature……... 2. Title………………… Name…………………………..Date…/……../……. Signature……... 3. Title………………… Name…………………………..Date…/……../……. Signature…….. 285 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 7: Standardized Incident reporting format INCIDENT REPORT FORMAT To be completed by implementing agency/contractor staff within 24 hours of incident/accident Incident date: ………………………………………………………………. Incident Time: ……………………………… Incident’s place (District, Sector, Cell, Village: ………………………………………………………………………………. Injured/dead person name: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Address: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Phone number: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Male/Female: …………………………………………………………..Date of Birth Incident category: Category 1: "Minor or negligible, no one was injured" Category 2: Moderate, injuries with short term impairement Category 3: Critical/ major, susceptible to lead to serious illness or death Details of incident: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Who was injured person?: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Injury type: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 286 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Does injury require hospital/Physician?. Yes: …………………No: ………………………………………………………. Hospital name: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Address: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Hospital phone number: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Injured person/party signature/ date: ………………………………………………/……………………………………………. Important notes / instructions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… Prepared by: ……………………………………………, Signature: …………………………..Date and time: ………………. Approved by: ………………………………………….., Signature: ……………………………, Date and time: …………. 287 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 8: List of people who participated in Public consultation 288 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 289 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 290 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 9: Minutes for the consultation meetings 291 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 292 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 293 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 294 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 295 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 296 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 10: Code of Conduct for Contractors and workers hired under RUDP II project. General Code of Conduct to be inserted in the CESMP This project (RUDPP II Phase 3) in Rubavu will comply with ESS2 and ESS4 and the Environmental, Social Health and Safety Guidelines of the WB (ESHS) and the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and Labor regulations of Rwanda. The following is a general Code of conduct to be inserted in the contract of contractors for civil works. 1. Company Code of Conduct Company Code of Conduct Implementing ESHS and OHS Standards Preventing Gender Based Violence and Violence against Children The Contractor ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………is committed to ensuring that the project is implemented in such a way which minimizes any negative impacts on the local environment, communities, and its workers. This shall be done by respecting the environmental, social, health and safety (ESHS) standards, and ensuring appropriate occupational health and safety (OHS) standards are met. The company is also committed to creating and maintaining an environment in which gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) have no place, and where they shall not be tolerated by any employee, associate, or representative of the company. Therefore, in order to ensure that all those engaged in the project are aware of this commitment, the company (HNRB)commits to the following core principles and minimum standards of behavior that shall apply to all company employees, associates, and representatives including sub-contractors, without exception: General 1. The company ………………………………………………………………………………….. and therefore all employees, associates, and representatives—commits to complying with all relevant national laws, rules and regulations and the World Bank Enviromental and Social Standards which can read in the internet in this website: a. https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and- socialframework 2. The contractor is responsible to comply with the requirements defined in ESMP Environmental and Social Technical Clauses (ESTC) which are both integral part of the contract. 3. The company commits to full implementing its ‘Contractors Environmental and Social Management Plan’ (C-ESMP) which will be prepared based on the ESIA/ESMP prepared for this project. 4. The company commits to treating women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless of race, color, language, religion, political or 297 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. Acts of GBV and VAC are in violation of this commitment. 5. The company shall ensure that interactions with local community members are done with respect and non-discrimination. 6. Demeaning, threatening, harassing, abusive, culturally inappropriate, or sexually provocative language and behaviour are prohibited among all company employees, associates, and its representatives. 7. Respect to reasonable work instructions (including regarding environmental and social norms) 8. Protect and ensure proper use of property (for example, to prohibit theft, carelessness or waste) 9. Prohibite illegal activities by their wokers such as: polluting the soil, rivers, wetlands, hunting, poaching wildlfe, settigup up fires, spilling diesel, oils in the soil, cutting trees without permit. Health and Safety 10. The company shall ensure to hire professional in occupational health and safety to implement the ESMP and ESCT described in the bidding documents. 11. The company shall ensure that the project’s occupational health and safety (OHS) management plan is effectively implemented, including wearing prescribed personal protective equipment, preventing avoidable accidents and reporting accidents of all type within less of 24 hours or conditions or practices in the project sites that pose a safety hazard or threaten the environment and the people. 12. The company will: a. Prohibit the use of alcohol during work activities. b. The company shall prohibit the use of illegal substances, at all times. 13. The company shall ensure that adequate eating, changing and sanitation facilities are available on site and at any worker accommodations provided by the contractor. 14. The company will obey labor, contracting and health and safety regulation in case of accidents, death and incapacity of workers (skilled or no skilled) and pay the compenstation required by law. Gender Based Violence and Violence against Children 15. Acts of GBV or VAC constitute gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions, which may include penalties and/or termination of employment. All forms of GBV and VAC, including grooming are unacceptable, regardless of whether they take place on the work site, the work site surroundings, at worker’s camps or at worker’s homes. 16. In addition to company sanctions, legal prosecution of those who commit acts of GBV or VAC shall be pursued if appropriate. 17. Sexual contact or activity with children under 18—including through digital media—is prohibited. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child is not a defence. Consent from the child is also not a defence or excuse. 298 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 18. Sexual Harassment—for instance, making unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct, of a sexual nature, including subtle acts of such behavior, is prohibited. For example: Looking somebody up and down; kissing, howling or smacking sounds; hanging around somebody; whistling and catcalls; giving personal gifts; making comments about somebody’s sex life; etc. is prohibited. 19. Sexual favours —for instance, making promises or favourable treatment dependent on sexual acts—or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior are prohibited. 20. Unless there is full consent20 by all parties involved in the sexual act, sexual interactions between the company’s employees (at any level) and members of the communities surrounding the work-place are prohibited. This includes relationships involving the withholding/promise of actual provision of benefit (monetary or non- monetary) to community members in exchange for sex—such sexual activity is considered “nonconsensual” within the scope of this Code. 21. All employees, including volunteers and sub-contractors are highly encouraged to report suspected or actual acts of GBV and/or VAC by a fellow worker, whether in the same company or not. Reports must be made in accordance with GBV and VAC Allegation Procedures. 22. Managers are required to report suspected or actual acts of GBV and/or VAC as they have a responsibility to uphold company commitments and hold their direct reports responsible. Implementation To ensure that the above principles are implemented effectively the company commits to ensuring that: 23. All managers sign the ‘Manager’s Code of Conduct’ detailing their responsibilities for implementing the company’s commitments and enforcing the responsibilities in the ‘Individual Code of Conduct’. 24. All employees sign the project’s ‘Individual Code of Conduct’ confirming their agreement to comply with ESHS and OHS standards, and not to engage in activities resulting in GBV or VAC. 25. Displaying the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct prominently and in clear view at workers’ camps, offices, and in in public areas of the work-place. Examples of areas include waiting, rest and lobby areas of sites, canteen areas, health clinics. 26. Ensure that posted and distributed copies of the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct are translated into the appropriate language of use in the work site areas as well as for any international staff in their native language. 20 Consent is defined as the informed choice underlying an individual’s free and voluntary intention, acceptance or agreement to do something. No consent can be found when such acceptance or agreement is obtained through the use of threats, force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or misrepresentation. In accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the World Bank considers that consent cannot be given by children under the age of 18, even in the event that national legislation of the country into which the Code of Conduct is introduced has a lower age. Mistaken belief regarding the age of the child and consent from the child is not a defense. 299 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 27. An appropriate person is nominated as the company’s ‘Focal Point’ for addressing GBV and VAC issues, including representing the company on the GBV and VAC Compliance Team (GCCT) which is comprised of representatives from the client, contractor(s), the supervision consultant, and local service provider(s). 28. Ensuring that an effective GBV and VAC Action Plan is developed in consultation with the GCCT which includes as a minimum: a. GBV and VAC Allegation Procedure to report GBV and VAC issues through the project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM); b. Accountability Measures to protect confidentiality of all involved; and, c. Response Protocol applicable to GBV and VAC survivors and perpetrators. 29. That the company effectively implements the GBV and VAC Action Plan, providing feedback to the GCCT for improvements and updates as appropriate. 30. All employees attend an induction training course prior to commencing work on site to ensure they are familiar with the company’s commitments to ESHS and OHS standards, and the project’s GBV and VAC Codes of Conduct. 31. All employees attend a mandatory training course once a month for the duration of the contract starting from the first induction training prior to commencement of work to reinforce the understanding of the project’s ESHS and OHS standards and the GBV and VAC Code of Conduct. I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Company Code of Conduct, and on behalf of the company agree to comply with the standards contained therein. I understand my role and responsibilities to support the project’s OHS and ESHS standards, and to prevent and respond to GBV and VAC. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Company Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Company Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action. Company name: _________________________ Signature: _________________________ Printed Name: _________________________ Title: _________________________ Date: _________________________ 300 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 2. Manager’s Code of Conduct Manager’s Code of Conduct Implementing ESHS and OHS Standards Preventing Gender Based Violence and Violence Against Children Managers at all levels have a responsibility to uphold the company’s commitment to implementing the ESHS and OHS standards, and preventing and addressing GBV and VAC. This means that managers have an acute responsibility to create and maintain an environment that respects these standards and prevents GBV and VAC. Managers need to support and promote the implementation of the Company Code of Conduct. To this end, managers must adhere this Manager’s Code of Conduct and also sign the Individual Code of Conduct. This commits them to supporting the implementation of the C-ESMP and the OHS Management Plan and developing systems that facilitate the implementation of the GBV and VAC Action Plan. They need to maintain a safe workplace, as well as a GBV-free and VAC-free environment at the workplace and in the local community. These responsibilities include but are not limited to: Implementation 1. To ensure maximum effectiveness of the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct: a. Prominently displaying the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct in clear view at workers’ camps, offices, and in in public areas of the work-place. Examples of areas include waiting, rest and lobby areas of sites, canteen areas, health clinics. b. Ensuring all posted and distributed copies of the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct are translated into the appropriate language of use in the work site areas as well as for any international staff in their native language. 2. Verbally and in writing explain the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct to all staff. 3. Ensure that: a. All direct reportees sign the ‘Individual Code of Conduct’, including acknowledgmen t that they have read and agree with the Code of Conduct. b. Staff lists and signed copies of the Individual Code of Conduct are provided to the OHS Manager, the GCCT, and the client. c. Participate in training and ensure that staff also participate as outlined below. d. Put in place a mechanism for staff to: i. report concerns on ESHS or OHS compliance; and, ii. confidentially report GBV or VAC incidents to the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) e. Staff are encouraged to report suspected or actual ESHS, OHS, GBV or VAC issues, emphasizing the staff’s responsibility to the Company and the country hosting their employment, and emphasizing the respect for confidentiality. 4. In compliance with applicable laws and to the best of your abilities, prevent perpetrators of sexual exploitation and abuse from being hired, re-hired or deployed. Use background and criminal reference checks for all employees. 5. Ensure that when engaging in partnership, sub-contractor or similar agreements, these agreements: a. Incorporate the ESHS, OHS, GBV and VAC Codes of Conduct as an attachment. b. Include the appropriate language requiring such contracting entities and individuals, and their employees and volunteers, to comply with the Individual Codes of Conduct. c. expressly state that the failure of those entities or individuals, as appropriate, to ensure compliance with the ESHS and OHS standards, take preventive measures against GBV 301 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City and VAC, to investigate allegations thereof, or to take corrective actions when GBV or VAC has occurred, shall constitute grounds for sanctions and penalties in accordance with the Individual Codes of Conduct. 6. Provide support and resources to the GCCT to create and disseminate internal sensitization initiatives through the awareness-raising strategy under the GBV and VAC Action Plan. 7. Ensure that any GBV or VAC issue warranting police action is reported to the client and the World Bank immediately. 8. Ensure that any major ESHS or OHS incidents are reported to the client and the supervision engineer immediately. Training 9. The managers are responsible to: a. Ensure that the OHS Management Plan is implemented, with suitable training required for all staff, including sub-contractors and suppliers; and, b. Ensure that staff have a suitable understanding of the C-ESMP and are trained as appropriate to implement the C-ESMP requirements. 10. All managers are required to attend an induction manager training course prior to commencing work on site to ensure that they are familiar with their roles and responsibilities in upholding the GBV and VAC elements of these Codes of Conduct. This training shall be separate from the induction training course required of all employees and shall provide managers with the necessary understanding and technical support needed to begin to develop the GBV and VAC Action Plan for addressing GBV and VAC issues. 11. Managers are required to attend and assist with the project facilitated monthly training courses for all employees. Managers shall be required to introduce the trainings and announce the self- evaluations, including collecting satisfaction surveys to evaluate training experiences and provide advice on improving the effectiveness of training. 12. Ensure that time is provided during work hours and that staff prior to commencing work on site attend the mandatory project facilitated induction training on: a. OHS and ESHS; and, b. GBV and VAC required of all employees. 13. During civil works, ensure that staff attend ongoing OHS and ESHS training, as well as the monthly mandatory refresher training course required of all employees to combat increased risk of GBV and VAC. Response 14. Managers shall be required to take appropriate actions to address any ESHS or OHS incidents. 15. With regard to GBV and VAC: a. provide input to the GBV and VAC Allegation Procedures and Response Protocol developed by the GCCT as part of the final cleared GBV and VAC Action Plan. b. Once adopted by the Company, managers shall uphold the Accountability Measures set forth in the GBV and VAC Action Plan to maintain the confidentiality of all employees who report or (allegedly) perpetrate incidences of GBV and VAC (unless a breach of confidentiality is required to protect persons or property from serious harm or where required by law). c. If a manager develops concerns or suspicions regarding any form of GBV or VAC by one of his/her direct reportees, or by an employee working for another contractor on the same work site, s/he is required to report the case using the GRM. 302 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City d. Once a sanction has been determined, the relevant manager(s) is/are expected to be personally responsible for ensuring that the measure is effectively enforced, within a maximum timeframe of 14 days from the date on which the decision to sanction was made e. If a Manager has a conflict of interest due to personal or familial relationships with the survivor and/or perpetrator, he/she must notify the respective company and the GCCT. The Company shall be required to appoint another manager without a conflict of interest to respond to complaints. 16. Managers failing to address ESHS or OHS incidents or failing to report or comply with the GBV and VAC provisions may be subject to disciplinary measures, to be determined and enacted by the company’s CEO, Managing Director or equivalent highest -ranking manager. Those measures may include: f. Informal warning. g. Formal warning. h. Additional Training. i. Loss of up to one week's salary. j. Suspension of employment (without payment of salary), for a minimum period of 1 month up to a maximum of 6 months. k. Termination of employment. 17. Ultimately, failure to effectively respond to ESHS, OHS GBV and VAC cases on the work site by the company’s managers or CEO may provide grounds for legal actions by authorities. I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Manager’s Code of Conduct, do agree to comply with the standards contained therein and understand my roles and responsibilities to prevent and respond to ESHS, OHS GBV and VAC requirements. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Manager’s Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Manager’s Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action. Signature: _________________________ Printed Name: _________________________ Title: _________________________ Date: _________________________ 3- Code of Conduct to be signed by indivudal workers (skilled and unskilled, casual or no casual) RUDPP II will comply with ESS2 and ESS4 and the Environmental, Social Health and Safety Guidelines of the WB (ESHS) and the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and Labor regulations of Rwanda. The following is Code of conduct to be inserted in the contract of workers for civil works. 3. Code of Conduct to be signed by indivudal workers (skilled and unskilled, casual or no casual) Preventing Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Violence against Children (VAC) 303 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City I, ______________________________, acknowledge that adhering to environmental, social health and safety (ESHS) standards, following the project’s occupational health and safety (OHS) requirements, and preventing gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) is important. All forms of GBV or VAC are unacceptable, be it on the work site, the work site surroundings, at worker’s camps, or the surrounding communities. The company considers that failure to follow ESHS and OHS standards, or to partake in GBV or VAC activities, constitute acts of gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions, penalties or potential termination of employment. Prosecution of those who commit GBV or VAC may be pursued if appropriate. I agree that while working on the project I will: • Attend and actively partake in training courses related to ESHS, OHS, HIV/AIDS, GBV and VAC as requested by my employer. • Shall wear my personal protective equipment (PPE), in the correct prescribed manner, at all times when at the work site or engaged in project related activities. • Take all practical steps to implement the contractor’s environmental and social management plan (CESMP). • Implement the OHS Management Plan. • Adhere to a zero-alcohol policy during work activities, and refrain from the use of illegal substances at all times. • Consent to a police background check. • Treat women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless of race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. • Not use language or behavior towards women, children or men that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate. • Not participate in sexual contact or activity with children—including grooming or contact through digital media. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child is not a defense. Consent from the child is also not a defense or excuse. • Not engage in sexual harassment—for instance, making unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct, of a sexual nature, including subtle acts of such behavior. Ex. Looking somebody up and down; kissing, howling or smacking sounds; hanging around somebody; whistling and catcalls; giving personal gifts; making comments about somebody’s sex life; etc. • Not engage in sexual favors—for instance, making promises or favorable treatment dependent on sexual acts—or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior. • Unless there is the full consent21 by all parties involved, I shall not have sexual interactions with members of the surrounding communities. This includes relationships involving the 21 Consent is defined as the informed choice underlying an individual’s free and voluntary intention, acceptance or agreement to do something. No consent can be found when such acceptance or agreement is obtained through the use of threats, force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or misrepresentation. In accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the World Bank considers that consent cannot be given by children under the age of 18, even in the event that 304 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City withholding or promise of actual provision of benefit (monetary or non-monetary) to community members in exchange for sex—such sexual activity is considered “nonconsensual” within the scope of this Code. • Consider reporting through the GRM (Grievance Redress Mechanism) or to my manager any suspected or actual GBV or VAC by a fellow worker, whether employed by my employer or not, or any breaches of this Code of Conduct. With regard to children under the age of 18: • Wherever possible, ensure that another adult is present when working in the proximity of children. • Not invite unaccompanied children unrelated to my family into my home, unless they are at immediate risk of injury or in physical danger. • Not sleep close to unsupervised children unless absolutely necessary, in which case I must obtain my supervisor's permission, and ensure that another adult is present if possible. • Use any computers, mobile phones, or video and digital cameras appropriately, and never to exploit or harass children or to access child pornography through any medium (see also “Use of children's images for work related purposes” below). • Refrain from physical punishment or discipline of children. • Refrain from hiring children for domestic or other labor which is inappropriate given their age or developmental stage, which interferes with their time available for education and recreational activities, or which places them at significant risk of injury. • Comply with all relevant local legislation, including labor laws in relation to child labor. Use of children's images for work related purposes When photographing or filming a child for work related purposes, I must: • Before photographing or filming a child, assess and endeavor to comply with local traditions or restrictions for reproducing personal images. • Before photographing or filming a child, obtain informed consent from the child and a parent or guardian of the child. As part of this I must explain how the photograph or film shall be used. • Ensure photographs, films, videos and DVDs present children in a dignified and respectful manner and not in a vulnerable or submissive manner. Children should be adequately clothed and not in poses that could be seen as sexually suggestive. • Ensure images are honest representations of the context and the facts. • Ensure file labels do not reveal identifying information about a child when sending images electronically. Sanctions I understand that if I breach this Individual Code of Conduct, my employer shall take disciplinary action which could include: • Informal warning. • Formal warning. • Additional Training. • Loss of up to one week’s salary. 305 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City • Suspension of employment (without payment of salary), for a minimum period of 1 month up to a maximum of 6 months. national legislation of the country into which the Code of Conduct is introduced has a lower age. Mistaken belief regarding the age of the child and consent from the child is not a defense. • Termination of employment. • Report to the police if wanted. I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that the environmental, social, health and safety standards are met. That I shall adhere to the occupational health and safety management plan. That I shall avoid actions or behaviours that could be construed as GBV or VAC. Any such actions shall be a breach this Individual Code of Conduct. I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Individual Code of Conduct, do agree to comply with the standards contained therein and understand my roles and responsibilities to prevent and respond to ESHS, OHS, GBV and VAC issues. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Individual Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Individual Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action and may affect my ongoing employment. Signature: _________________________ Printed Name: _________________________ Title: _________________________ Date: _________________________ Contractor____________________ Supervisor____________________ Date______________________ 306 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 11: COVID-19 prevention and risk management plan preparation and monitoring template for RUDP II sub-project locations In order to prevent and manage the risks associated to Covid-19 pandemics or other zoonotic diseases outbreaks, a Covid-19 prevention and risk management plan has been prepared, following the guidance of the ESMF-Annex17 (and Labor Management Procedures) and the GoR measures. The most effective approach to addressing COVID-19 at project site include to establish procedures to address the issues, and then to ensure that the procedures are implemented systematically. Procedures should be clear and straightforward, improved as necessary, and supervised and monitored by the COVID-19 focal point(s). Procedures should be documented, distributed to all contractors, and discussed at regular meetings to facilitate adaptive management. The issues set out below include a number that represent expected good workplace management but are especially pertinent in preparing the project response to COVID-19. a) Assess workforce characteristics Since most construction sites have a mix of workers (e.g. workers from the local communities; workers from a different part of the country; workers from another country), the contractor will assess different aspects of the workforce to help in identifying appropriate mitigation measures:  The Contractor should prepare a detailed profile of the project work force, key work activities, schedule for carrying out such activities, different durations of contract and rotations (e.g. 4 weeks on, 4 weeks off).  This should include a breakdown of workers who reside at home (i.e. workers from the community), workers who lodge within the local community and workers in on-site accommodation. Where possible, it should also identify workers that may be more at risk from Covid-19, those with underlying health issues or who may be otherwise at risk.  Consideration should be given to ways in which to minimize movement in and out of site. This could include lengthening the term of existing contracts, to avoid workers returning home to affected areas, or returning to site from affected areas.  Workers accommodated on site should be required to minimize contact with people near the site, and in certain cases be prohibited from leaving the site for the duration of their contract, so that contact with local communities is avoided.  Consideration should be given to requiring workers lodging in the local community to move to site accommodation (subject to availability) where they would be subject to the same 307 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City restrictions.  Workers from local communities, who return home daily, weekly or monthly, will be more difficult to manage. They should be subject to health checks at entry to the site (as set out above) and at some point, circumstances may make it necessary to require them to either use accommodation on site or not to come to work. b) Entry/exit to the work site and Checks on commencement of work Entry/exit to the work site should be controlled and documented for both workers and other parties, including support staff and suppliers. Possible measures may include:  Establishing a system for controlling entry/exit to the site, securing the boundaries of the site, and establishing designating entry/exit points (if they do not already exist). Entry/exit to the site should be documented.  Training security staff on the (enhanced) system that has been put in place for securing the site and controlling entry and exit, the behaviors required of them in enforcing such system and any COVID -19 specific considerations.  Training staff who will be monitoring entry to the site, providing them with the resources they need to document entry of workers, conducting temperature checks and recording details of any worker that is denied entry.  Confirming that workers are fit for work before they enter the site or start work. While procedures should already be in place for this, special attention should be paid to workers with underlying health issues or who may be otherwise at risk. Consideration should be given to demobilization of staff with underlying health issues.  Checking and recording temperatures of workers and other people entering the site or requiring self-reporting prior to or on entering the site.  Providing daily briefings to workers prior to commencing work, focusing on COVID-19 specific considerations including cough etiquette, hand hygiene and distancing measures, using demonstrations and participatory methods.  During the daily briefings, reminding workers to self-monitor for possible symptoms (fever, cough) and to report to their supervisor or the COVID-19 focal point if they have symptoms or are feeling unwell.  Preventing a worker from an affected area or who has been in contact with an infected person 308 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City from returning to the site for 14 days or (if that is not possible) isolating such worker for 14 days.  Preventing a sick worker from entering the site, referring them to local health facilities if necessary or requiring them to isolate at home for 14 days. c) General Hygiene Requirements on general hygiene should be communicated and monitored, to include:  Training workers and staff on site on the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, how it is spread, how to protect themselves (including regular handwashing and social distancing) and what to do if they or other people have symptoms (for further information see WHO COVID-19 advice for the public).  Placing posters and signs around the site, with images and text in local languages.  Ensuring handwashing facilities supplied with soap, disposable paper towels and closed waste bins exist at key places throughout site, including at entrances/exits to work areas; where there is a toilet, canteen or food distribution, or provision of drinking water; in worker accommodation; at waste stations; at stores; and in common spaces. Where handwashing facilities do not exist or are not adequate, arrangements should be made to set them up. Alcohol based sanitizer (if available, 60-95% alcohol) can also be used.  Review worker accommodations, and assess them in light of the requirements set out in IFC/EBRD guidance on Workers’ Accommodation: processes and standards, which provides valuable guidance as to good practice for accommodation.  Setting aside part of worker accommodation for precautionary self-quarantine as well as more formal isolation of staff who may be infected (see paragraph (f)). d) Cleaning and Waste disposal Conduct regular and thorough cleaning of all site facilities, including offices, accommodation, canteens, common spaces. Review cleaning protocols for key construction equipment (particularly if it is being operated by different workers). This should include:  Providing cleaning staff with adequate cleaning equipment, materials and disinfectant.  Review general cleaning systems, training cleaning staff on appropriate cleaning procedures and appropriate frequency in high use or high-risk areas. 309 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Where it is anticipated that cleaners will be required to clean areas that have been or are suspected to have been contaminated with COVID-19, providing them with appropriate PPE: gowns or aprons, gloves, eye protection (masks, goggles or face screens) and boots or closed work shoes. If appropriate PPE is not available, cleaners should be provided with best available alternatives.  Training cleaners in proper hygiene (including handwashing) prior to, during and after conducting cleaning activities; how to safely use PPE (where required); in waste control (including for used PPE and cleaning materials).  Any medical waste produced during the care of ill workers should be collected safely in designated containers or bags and treated and disposed of following relevant requirements (e.g., national, WHO). If open burning and incineration of medical wastes is necessary, this should be for as limited a duration as possible. Waste should be reduced and segregated, so that only the smallest amount of waste is incinerated (for further information see WHO interim guidance on water, sanitation and waste management for COVID-19). e) Adjusting work practices Consider changes to work processes and timings to reduce or minimize contact between workers, recognizing that this is likely to impact the project schedule. Such measures could include:  Decreasing the size of work teams.  Limiting the number of workers on site at any one time.  Changing to a 24-hour work rotation.  Adapting or redesigning work processes for specific work activities and tasks to enable social distancing, and training workers on these processes.  Continuing with the usual safety trainings, adding COVID-19 specific considerations. Training should include proper use of normal PPE. While as of the date of this note, general advice is that construction workers do not require COVID-19 specific PPE, this should be kept under review (for further information see WHO interim guidance on rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19).  Reviewing work methods to reduce use of construction PPE, in case supplies become scarce or the PPE is needed for medical workers or cleaners. This could include, e.g. trying to reduce the need for dust masks by checking that water sprinkling systems are in good working order 310 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City and are maintained or reducing the speed limit for haul trucks.  Arranging (where possible) for work breaks to be taken in outdoor areas within the site.  Consider changing canteen layouts and phasing meal times to allow for social distancing and phasing access to and/or temporarily restricting access to leisure facilities that may exist on site, including gyms. At some point, it may be necessary to review the overall project schedule, to assess the extent to which it needs to be adjusted (or work stopped completely) to reflect prudent work practices, potential exposure of both workers and the community and availability of supplies, taking into account Government advice and instructions. f) Project medical services Consider whether existing project medical services are adequate, taking into account existing infrastructure (size of clinic/medical post, number of beds, isolation facilities), medical staff, equipment and supplies, procedures and training. Where these are not adequate, consider upgrading services where possible, including:  Expanding medical infrastructure and preparing areas where patients can be isolated. Guidance on setting up isolation facilities is set out in WHO interim guidance on considerations for quarantine of individuals in the context of containment for COVID-19). Isolation facilities should be located away from worker accommodation and ongoing work activities. Where possible, workers should be provided with a single well-ventilated room (open windows and door). Where this is not possible, isolation facilities should allow at least 1 meter between workers in the same room, separating workers with curtains, if possible. Sick workers should limit their movements, avoiding common areas and facilities and not be allowed visitors until they have been clear of symptoms for 14 days. If they need to use common areas and facilities (e.g. kitchens or canteens), they should only do so when unaffected workers are not present and the area/facilities should be cleaned prior to and after such use.  Training medical staff, which should include current WHO advice on COVID-19 and recommendations on the specifics of COVID-19. Where COVID-19 infection is suspected, medical providers on site should follow WHO interim guidance on infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected.  Training medical staff in testing, if testing is available. 311 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Assessing the current stock of equipment, supplies and medicines on site, and obtaining additional stock, where required and possible. This could include medical PPE, such as gowns, aprons, medical masks, gloves, and eye protection. Refer to WHO guidance as to what is advised (for further information see WHO interim guidance on rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19).  If PPE items are unavailable due to world-wide shortages, medical staff on the project should agree on alternatives and try to procure them. Alternatives that may commonly be found on constructions sites include dust masks, construction gloves and eye goggles. While these items are not recommended, they should be used as a last resort if no medical PPE is available.  Ventilators will not normally be available on work sites, and in any event, intubation should only be conducted by experienced medical staff. If a worker is extremely ill and unable to breathe properly on his or her own, they should be referred immediately to the local hospital (see (g) below).  Review existing methods for dealing with medical waste, including systems for storage and disposal (for further information see WHO interim guidance on water, sanitation and waste management for COVID-19, and WHO guidance on safe management of wastes from health- care activities). g) Local medical and other services Given the limited scope of project medical services, the project may need to refer sick workers to local medical services. Preparation for this includes:  Obtaining information as to the resources and capacity of local medical services (e.g. number of beds, availability of trained staff and essential supplies).  Conducting preliminary discussions with specific medical facilities, to agree what should be done in the event of ill workers needing to be referred.  Considering ways in which the project may be able to support local medical services in preparing for members of the community becoming ill, recognizing that the elderly or those with pre-existing medical conditions require additional support to access appropriate treatment if they become ill.  Clarifying the way in which an ill worker will be transported to the medical facility, and checking availability of such transportation. 312 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Establishing an agreed protocol for communications with local emergency/medical services. • Agreeing with the local medical services/specific medical facilities the scope of services to be provided, the procedure for in-take of patients and (where relevant) any costs or payments that may be involved.  A procedure should also be prepared so that project management knows what to do in the unfortunate event that a worker ill with COVID-19 dies. While normal project procedures will continue to apply, COVID-19 may raise other issues because of the infectious nature of the disease. The project should liaise with the relevant local authorities to coordinate what should be done, including any reporting or other requirements under national law. h) Instances or Spread of the Virus WHO provides detailed advice on what should be done to treat a person who becomes sick or displays symptoms that could be associated with the COVID-19 virus (for further information see WHO interim guidance on infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected). The project should set out risk-based procedures to be followed, with differentiated approaches based on case severity (mild, moderate, severe, critical) and risk factors (such as age, hypertension, diabetes) (for further information see WHO interim guidance on operational considerations for case management of COVID-19 in health facility and community). These may include the following:  If a worker has symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g. fever, dry cough, fatigue) the worker should be removed immediately from work activities and isolated on site.  If testing is available on site, the worker should be tested on site. If a test is not available at site, the worker should be transported to the local health facilities to be tested (if testing is available).  If the test is positive for COVID-19 or no testing is available, the worker should continue to be isolated. This will either be at the work site or at home. If at home, the worker should be transported to their home in transportation provided by the project.  Extensive cleaning procedures with high-alcohol content disinfectant should be undertaken in the area where the worker was present, prior to any further work being undertaken in that area. Tools used by the worker should be cleaned using disinfectant and PPE disposed of.  Co-workers (i.e. workers with whom the sick worker was in close contact) should be required 313 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City to stop work, and be required to quarantine themselves for 14 days, even if they have no symptoms. Family and other close contacts of the worker should be required to quarantine themselves for 14 days, even if they have no symptoms.  If a case of COVID-19 is confirmed in a worker on the site, visitors should be restricted from entering the site and worker groups should be isolated from each other as much as possible.  If workers live at home and has a family member who has a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19, the worker should quarantine themselves and not be allowed on the project site for 14 days, even if they have no symptoms.  Workers should continue to be paid throughout periods of illness, isolation or quarantine, or if they are required to stop work, in accordance with national law.  Medical care (whether on site or in a local hospital or clinic) required by a worker should be paid for by the employer. i) Continuity of supplies and project activities Where COVID-19 occurs, either in the project site or the community, access to the project site may be restricted, and movement of supplies may be affected.  Identify back-up individuals, in case key people within the project management team (PIU, Supervising Engineer, Contractor, sub-contractors) become ill, and communicate who these are so that people are aware of the arrangements that have been put in place.  Document procedures, so that people know what they are, and are not reliant on one person’s knowledge.  Understand the supply chain for necessary supplies of energy, water, food, medical supplies and cleaning equipment, consider how it could be impacted, and what alternatives are available. Early pro-active review of international, regional and national supply chains, especially for those supplies that are critical for the project, is important (e.g. fuel, food, medical, cleaning and other essential supplies). Planning for a 1-2 month interruption of critical goods may be appropriate for projects in more remote areas.  Place orders for/procure critical supplies. If not available, consider alternatives (where feasible).  Consider existing security arrangements, and whether these will be adequate in the event of interruption to normal project operations. 314 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City  Consider at what point it may become necessary for the project to significantly reduce activities or to stop work completely, and what should be done to prepare for this, and to re- start work when it becomes possible or feasible. j) Training and Communication with workers Workers need to be provided with regular opportunities to understand their situation, and how they can best protect themselves, their families and the community. They should be made aware of the procedures that have been put in place by the project, and their own responsibilities in implementing them.  It is important to be aware that in communities close to the site and amongst workers without access to project management, social media is likely to be a major source of information. This raises the importance of regular information and engagement with workers (e.g. through training, town halls, tool boxes) that emphasizes what management is doing to deal with the risks of COVID-19. Allaying fear is an important aspect of work force peace of mind and business continuity. Workers should be given an opportunity to ask questions, express their concerns, and make suggestions. Training of workers should be conducted regularly, as discussed in the sections above, providing workers with a clear understanding of how they are expected to behave and carry out their work duties.  Training should address issues of discrimination or prejudice if a worker becomes ill and provide an understanding of the trajectory of the virus, where workers return to work.  Training should cover all issues that would normally be required on the work site, including use of safety procedures, use of construction PPE, occupational health and safety issues, and code of conduct, taking into account that work practices may have been adjusted.  Communications should be clear, based on fact and designed to be easily understood by workers, for example by displaying posters on handwashing and social distancing, and what to do if a worker displays symptoms. k) Communication and Contact with the community Relations with the community should be carefully managed, with a focus on measures that are being implemented to safeguard both workers and the community. The community may be concerned about the presence of non-local workers, or the risks posed to the community by local workers presence on the project site. The project should set out risk-based procedures to be followed which 315 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City may reflect WHO guidance (for further information see WHO Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) Action Plan Guidance COVID-19 Preparedness and Response). The following good practice should be considered:  Communications should be clear, regular, based on fact and designed to be easily understood by community members.  Communications should utilize available means. In most cases, face-to-face meetings with the community or community representatives will not be possible. Other forms of communication should be used; posters, pamphlets, radio, text message, electronic meetings. The means used should take into account the ability of different members of the community to access them, to make sure that communication reaches these groups.  The community should be made aware of procedures put in place at site to address issues related to COVID-19. This should include all measures being implemented to limit or prohibit contact between workers and the community. These need to be communicated clearly, as some measures will have financial implications for the community (e.g. if workers are paying for lodging or using local facilities). The community should be made aware of the procedure for entry/exit to the site, the training being given to workers and the procedure that will be followed by the project if a worker becomes sick.  If project representatives, contractors or workers are interacting with the community, they should practice social distancing and follow other COVID-19 guidance issued by relevant authorities, both national and international (e.g. WHO). 316 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 12: Tolerance limits for discharged industrial wastewater S/N Parameter Permissible limits Test methods 1 pH 5-9 ISO 10523 2 Temperature increase °C <3 Thermometer1 3 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 ISO 11923 4 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 2000 ISO 7888 5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 ISO 9377 6 BOD5 mg/l (20°C) 50 ISO 5815 7 COD mg/l 250 ISO 6060 8 Faecal Coliforms cfu /100ml 400 ISO 4831 9 Ammonia (as N) mg/l 20 ISO 6778 10 Phosphates mg/L <10 Analytical tests (capillary electrophoresis) 11 Free chlorine mg/L <1.0 ASTM D1253-14 12 Arsenic mg/l 0.01 ISO 11969 13 Benzine mg/l 0.1 ISO 11423 14 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 ISO 5961 15 Hexavalent Chromium mg/l 0.05 ISO 23913 16 Copper mg/l 3 ISO 8288 17 Cyanide mg/l 0.1 ISO 6703 18 Iron mg/l 3.5 ISO 6332 19 Lead mg/l 0.1 ISO 8288 20 Mercury mg/l 0.0002 ISO 5666 21 Nickel mg/l 3 ISO 8288 22 Phenol mg/l 0.2 ISO 8165 23 Sulphide mg/l 1.0 ISO 13358 24 Zinc mg/l 5 ISO 8288 25 Selenium mg/L <0.02 ASTM D3859-15 26 Pesticides mg/L Not detectable ASTM D8025-16 Note 1 The total amount of heavy metals shall not exceed 10.0 mg/l Note 2 The thermometer used should be calibrated according to National Measurement Law. Source: GoR: Rwanda Standard: Water Quality-Discharged domestic industrial wastewater- Tolerance limits, 2017 (RS 109:2017) 317 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 13: Tolerance limits for discharged domestic wastewater S/N Parameter Permissible limits Test methods 1 pH 5-9 RS ISO 10523 2 Temperature increase °C <3 Thermometer (1) 3 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 RS ISO 11923 4 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 2000 RS ISO 7888 5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 ISO 9377 6 BOD5 mg/l (20°C) 50 RS ISO 5815 7 COD mg/l 250 RS ISO 6060 8 Faecal Coliforms cfu /100ml 400 RS ISO 4831 9 Ammonia (as N) mg/l 20 RS ISO 6778 10 Phosphates mg/L 10 Analytical tests (capillary electrophoresis) 11 Free chlorine mg/L 1.0 ASTM D1253-14 12 Arsenic mg/l 0.01 ISO 11969 13 Benzine mg/l 0.1 ISO 11423 14 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 ISO 5961 15 Hexavalent Chromium mg/l 0.05 ISO 23913 16 Copper mg/l 3 ISO 8288 17 Cyanide mg/l 0.1 ISO 6703 18 Iron mg/l 3.5 RS ISO 6332 19 Lead mg/l 0.1 ISO 8288 20 Mercury mg/l 0.002 ISO 5666 21 Nickel mg/l 3 ISO 8288 22 Phenol mg/l 0.2 ISO 8165 23 Sulphide mg/l 1.0 ISO 13358 24 Zinc mg/l 5 ISO 8288 25 Selenium mg/L 0.02 ASTM D3859-15 26 Pesticides mg/L Not detectable ASTM D8025-16 Source: GoR: Rwanda Standard: Water Quality-Discharged domestic wastewater-Tolerance limits, 2017 (RS 110:2017) 318 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 14: Chance Find Procedure Purpose of the chance find procedure The chance find procedure is a project-specific procedure that outlines actions required if previously unknown heritage resources, particularly archaeological resources, are encountered during project construction or operation. Scope of the chance find procedure This procedure is applicable to all activities conducted by the personnel, including the contractor and sub-contractors that have the potential to uncover a heritage item/site. The procedure details the actions to be taken when a previously unidentified and potential heritage item/site is found during construction activities. Procedure outlines the roles and responsibilities and the response times required from both project staff, and any relevant heritage authority. Induction/Training All personnel, especially those working on earth movements and excavations, are to be inducted on the identification of potential heritage items/sites and the relevant actions for them with regards to this procedure during the Project induction and regular toolbox talks. Chance find procedure If any person discovers a physical cultural resource, such as (but not limited to) archaeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, or a cemetery and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the following steps shall be taken: 1) Stop all works in the vicinity of the find, until a solution is found for the preservation of these artefacts, or advice from the relevant authorities is obtained; 2) Immediately notify a foreman. The foreman will then notify the Construction Manager and the Environment Officer (EO); 3) Record details in Incident Report and take photos of the find; 4) Delineate the discovered site or area; secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities take over; 5) Preliminary evaluation of the findings by archaeologists or other relevant expert. The archaeologist must make a rapid assessment of the site or find to determine its importance. Based on this assessment the appropriate strategy can be implemented. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage such as aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values of the find; 6) Sites of minor significance (such as isolated or unclear features, and isolated finds) should be recorded immediately by the archaeologist, thus causing a minimum disruption to the work schedule of the Contractor. The results of all archaeological work must be reported to the relevant Ministry/Agency, once completed. 7) In case of cultural find the Agency/Ministry (Agency for Protection of National 8) Heritage or Archaeological Research Centre, hereinafter referred to as Heritage team) should be informed immediately and in writing within 7 days from the find (ref.law on heritageprotection). 9) The onsite archaeologist provides the Heritage team with photos, other information as relevant for identification and assessment of the significance of heritage items. 10) The Ministry must investigate the fact within 2 weeks from the date of notification and provide response in writing. 11) Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or 319 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City archaeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; 12) Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible authorities. 13) In case no response received within the 2 weeks period mentioned above, this is considered as authorisation to proceed with suspended construction works. One of the main requirements of the procedure is record keeping. All finds must be registered. Photolog, copies of communication with decision making authorities, conclusions and recommendations/guidance, implementation reports ± kept. Additional information Management options for archaeological site Site avoidance. If the boundaries of the site have been delineated attempt must be made to redesign the proposed development to avoid the site. (The fastest and most cost-effective management option) Mitigation. If it is not feasible to avoid the site through redesign, it will be necessary to sample it using data collection program prior to its loss. This could include surface collection and/or excavation. (The most expensive and time-consuming management option.) Site Protection. It may be possible to protect the site through the installation of barriers during the time of the development and/or possibly for a longer term. This could include the erection of high visibility fencing around the site or covering the site area with a geotextile and then capping it with fill. The exact prescription would be site- specific. Management of replicable and non-replicable heritage Different approaches for the finds apply to replicable and non-replicable heritage. Replicable heritage Where tangible cultural heritage that is replicable22 and not critical is encountered, mitigation measures will be applied. The mitigation hierarchy is as follows:  Avoidance;  Minimization of adverse impacts and implementation of restoration measures, in situ;  Restoration of the functionality of the cultural heritage, in a different location;  Permanent removal of historical and archaeological artefacts and structures ;  Compensation of loss - where minimization of adverse impacts and restoration not feasible. Non-replicable heritage Most cultural heritage is best protected by in situ preservation, since removal is likely to result in irreparable damage or even destruction of the cultural heritage. 22 Replicable cultural heritage is defined as tangible forms of cultural heritage that can themselves be moved to another location or that can be replaced by a similar structure or natural features to which the cultural values can be transferred by appropriate measures. Archaeological or historical sites may be considered replicable where the particular eras and cultural values they represent are well represented by other sites and/or structures. 320 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Nonreplicable cultural heritage23 must not be removed unless all of the following conditions are met:  There are no technically or financially feasible alternatives to removal; x The overall benefits of the project conclusively outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal; and  Any removal of cultural heritage must be conducted using the best available technique advised by relevant authority and supervised by archaeologist. Human Remains Management Options The handling of human remains believed to be archaeological in nature requires communication according to the same procedure described above. There are two possible courses of action:  Avoid. The development project is redesigned to completely avoid the found remains. An assessment should be made as to whether the remains may be affected by accumulative impacts associated with the development, and properly addressed by a comprehensive management plan.  Exhumate. Exhumation of the remains in a manner considered appropriate by decision makers. This will involve the predetermination of a site suitable for the reburial of the remains. Certain ceremonies or procedures may need to be followed before development activities can recommence in the area of the discovery. Emergency Contacts Institute of National Museums of Rwanda (INMR) Adresse : KN 90 St2, Kigali Téléphone : 0730 741 09 Email:info@museum.gov.rw Website:www.museum.gov.rw 23 Non replicable cultural heritage may relate to the social, economic, cultural, environmental, and climatic conditions of past peoples, their evolving ecologies, adaptive strategies, and early forms of environmental management, where the (i) cultural heritage is unique or relatively unique for the period it represents, or (ii) cultural heritage is unique or relatively unique in linking several periods in the same site. Examples of non-replicable cultural heritage may include an ancient city or temple, or a site unique in the period that it represents. 321 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 15: Checklist for supervision 1. Environmental parameters for monitoring purposes Environmental parameter Milestone/ Situation at Way expected site Remarks forward Soil Construction debris and other solid wastes Hazardous waste (explosives, chemicals, bituminous waste, etc.) Excavated soils Erosion Borrow pits and quarry sites Contamination of Soil by Fuel and Lubricant Water and sanitation -Potable water at construction sites and camp (including water quality parameters) -Water (water sources, River, stream, lake) pollution -Sanitation facilities and waste water disposal at construction sites/camps Air Pollution Generation of dust Concrete mix plants and batching plants Odor from construction camps Pollution from crusher Noise pollution Noise/vibration from vehicles, machinery, plants and equipment Flora and Fauna Loss or damage of vegetation Loss, damage or disruption to fauna Disruption to Users Loss of access Traffic jams and congestion in road crossing areas Traffic control and safety Workers' accident risks Risk from operations Risk from electrical equipment Risk at hazardous activity First aid Rehabilitation of construction camp Damage and loss of cultural properties Conservation of religious structures Chance found archaeological property Environmental enhancement Sites landscape/rehabilitation 322 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City 2. Social Safeguards issues no: Issues Milestone/ Situation at site Remarks Way forward expected 1 Number of affected Persons on site 2 Compensation paid 3 Compensation Eligibility and Entitlements: outstanding issues 4 Vulnerable groups 5 Number of Properties Affected by construction activities 6 Public Consultation/stakeholders engagement activities 7 Grievance redress Mechanism: GRC activities, complaints. 8 Gender Issues 9 Employment: number of workers by gender, contracts, working conditions etc 10 Record Keeping 11 Health issues: HIV / AIDS Mitigation Measure; Covid-19 Mitigation Measure; PPEs, toilets and hand washing stations, clean drinking water etc 12 Any other incidence on site 323 ESIA for the Second Rwanda Urban Development Project (RUDP II) Phase 3 Works – Road and drainage channels in Rubavu Secondary City Annex 16: Consultant Team Name Position on Study Team Ms. Helen NZAINGA Team Leader Dr. Abias UWIMANA ESIA Lead Expert Mr. Sylvere HATEGEKIMANA Assistant to ESIA Lead Expert Mr. Ruhinda UWIMANA Associate ESIA Expert Ms. Marie Ange INGABIRE Sociologist Mr. Nelson KISANYA GIS Expert 324