'4 Anos ELECTRICIDADE DE MO(AMBIQUE, E.P. MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI 400 KV INTERCONNECTION PROJECT RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) REPORT MOZAMBIQUE SECTION - FROM THE MATAMBO SUBSTATION TO THE BORDER WITH MALAWI (142 KM) Project No.: 161-07023-00 CONSULTEC MOZAMBIQUE-MALAWI 400 KV INTERCONNECTION PROJECT RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) REPORT MOZAMBIQUE SECTION - FROM THE MATAMBO SUBSTATION TO THE BORDER WITH MALAWI (142 KM) Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 July 2019 Report (final version) Proponent Anos Av. Filipe Samuel Magaia 368 MAPUTO, Mogambique *. wsP A Ts CONSULTEC Consultores Associados, Ldo REVISION HISTORY Version Date Description 01 07/12/2016 Preliminary Resettlement Policy Framework 02 06/02/2017 Preliminary - including EDM comments 03 12/06/2017 Draft Full RPF Report 04 12/06/2018 Final Full RPF Report 05 18/04/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 1 06 08/05/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 2 07 04/06/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 3 08 17/06/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 4 09 25/07/2019 Final Full RPF Report, revision 5 Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 iii SIGNATURES PREPARED BY Ghysl (P rv., EESA WSP REVISED BY Xan-Marc Evenat, M.Sc.Env. Project Director, Administrator Reference to mention: CONSULTEC & WSP 2018. Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project |Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report, Mozambique Section - from the matambo substation to the border with malawi (142 km). Report produced for Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P.Project No.: 161- 07023-00. Multiple pagination and appendices. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 V PRODUCTION TEAM WSP CANADA INC. (WSP) Project Director, Administrator Jean-Marc Evenat Deputy Project Manager Ghyslain Pothier Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Specialist Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Andr6anne Boisvert Specialist Social Development and Resettlement Specialist Antoine Moreau Social and Resettlement Specialist Marie-Andr6e Burelle Socio-Economist Christian Couette Communication and Community Development Francis Barbe Specialist GIS / Survey Expert Myl6ne L6vesque Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 vii ABBREVIATIONS ACSR Aluminium conductor steel reinforced CBO Community Based Organizations CCF Community Compensation Fund DPASA Direc9ao Provincial de Agricultura e Seguranga Alimentar (Provincial Direction of Agriculture and Food Security) DPRME Direc9ao Provincial de Recursos Mineiros e Energia (Provincial Direction of Mineral Resources and Energy) DPTADER Direcq5o Provincial de Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural (Provincial Direction of Land, Environment and Rural Development) DUAT Direito de Uso e Aproveitamento de Terra (Right toUse & Benefit from Land) EDM Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. EIA Environmental impact assessment EMP Environmental management plan EPDA Environment Protection and Development Authority ESIA Environmental Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GPS Global Positionning System ha Hectare HofH Head of household Ibid lbidem ICVL International Coal Ventures Private Limited IFC International Finance Corporation IRAP Implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan km Kilometre km2 Square kilometre kV Kilovolt m Metre m2 Square metre MICOA MinistOrio para a Coordenago da Ac9ao Ambiental (Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs) MF Minist6rio das Finangas (Ministry of Finances) MITADER Minist6rio de Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural (Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development) MOJ Minist6rio da Justiga (Ministry of Justice) Mt Megatesla Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 viii MVA Mega-Volt Ampere MW Mega watt NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OP Operational Policy (World Bank) PAP Project Affected Persons PIU Project Implementation Unit PPZ Partial Protection Zone PSES Physical and Socio-economic Survey RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SAPP Southern African Power Pool SEP Stakeholder Engagement Program SLF Sustainable Livelihood Framework TOR Terms of Reference USD United States Dollar WB World Bank WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report ix DEFINITIONS Eminent Domain. The right of the state to acquire land, using its sovereign power, for public purpose. National law establishes which public agencies have the prerogative to exercise eminent domain. Land Acquisition. The process of acquiring land under the legally mandated procedures of eminent domain. Grievance Procedures. The processes established under law, local regulations, or administrative decision to enable property owners and other displaced persons to redress issues related to acquisition, compensation, or other aspects of resettlement. Income and Livelihood Restoration Strategy. The approaches used to assist people in their efforts to improve (or at least to restore) their incomes, livelihoods, and standards of living in real terms after resettlement. The income and livelihood restoration strategy typically consists of payment of compensation at replacement cost, transition support arrangements, relocation to new sites (if applicable), provision of alternative income-generating assets (if applicable), assistance to help convert income-generating assets into income streams as well as measures taken for income restoration or economic recovery so that the affected population can improve or at least restore its previous standard of living. Resettlement Action Plan. A resettlement action plan [RAP] is the planning document that describes what will be done to address the direct social and economic impacts associated with involuntary taking of land. Resettlement Policy Framework. A resettlement policy framework [RPF] is the planning document that is prepared in projects for which the specific resettlement impacts cannot be known from a project appraisal. Its purpose is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to subprojects to be prepared during project implementation. Subproject resettlement plans consistent with the policy framework subsequently are submitted to the Bank for approval after specific planning information becomes available. Stakeholders. A broad term that covers all parties affected by or interested in a project or a specific issue-in other words, all parties who have a stake in a particular issue or initiative. Primary stakeholders are those most directly affected-in resettlement situations, the population that loses property or income because of the project and host communities. Other people who have an interest in the project-such as the project authority itself, the beneficiaries of the project (e.g., urban consumers for a hydro-power project), and interested NGOs are termed secondary stakeholders. Displaced Persons. The people or entities directly affected by a project through the loss of land and the resulting loss of residences, other structures, businesses, or other assets. Relocatees, Relocated Communities, or Resettlers. Those groups of people who have to physically move to new locations as a result of a project. Host Community (Hosts). The population in the areas receiving resettlers is called the host community or the hosts. Project-Affected Family. Any family (household) that loses a home, land, or business interests because of land acquisition. Project-Affected Person. Any member of a family (household) that loses a home, land, or business interests because of land acquisition. Eligibility. The criteria for qualification to receive benefits under a resettlement program. Resettlement Entitlements. Resettlement entitlements with respect to a particular eligibility category are the sum total of compensation and other forms of assistance provided to displaced persons in the respective eligibility category. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 x Population Census. A complete and accurate count of the population that will be affected by land acquisition and related impacts. When properly conducted, the population census provides the basic information necessary for determining eligibility for compensation. Asset Inventory. A complete count and description of all property that will be acquired. Socioeconomic Survey. A complete and accurate survey of the project-affected population. The survey focuses on income-earning activities and other socioeconomic indicators. Initial Baseline Survey. The population census, asset inventory, and socioeconomic survey together constitute the baseline survey of the affected population. Economic Rehabilitation. Economic Rehabilitation implies the measures taken for income restoration or economic recovery so that the affected population can improve or at least restore its previous standard of living. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Mozambique is part of the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP), which aims to meet the electricity needs of its member countries, ensuring that its production is based on renewable natural resources, without any unsustainable effects on the environment. SAPP's priority is to ensure that all member countries are interconnected and therefore, in its 2013 Annual Report, the Interconnection between Mozambique and Malawi has been identified as a high priority project On April 3rd, 2013, the Governments of Malawi and Mozambique signed a power interconnection agreement that includes two phases: (i) the construction of the Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV Transmission Line from the Matambo substation in Tete, Mozambique, to the Phombeya substation in Balaka, Malawi; and (ii) the construction of a second transmission line from Balaka to Nacala, Mozambique. The current report only considers the first phase of this interconnection agreement and concentrates on the Mozambique section of the proposed interconnection line. The Project proponent is Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. (EDM). Hence, EDM commissioned WSP Canada Inc. to conduct the RPF, which sub-contracted Consultec for the physical and socio- economic surveys. This study refers only to the Mozambique section. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is located in the province of Tete and, more specifically in the districts of Moatize, Changara and City of Tete (see Table 1). The Mozambique section starts in Matambo in Tete, to near Cantxusse community, on the border with Malawi. The proposed 400 kV transmission line has a total extend of 218 km, of which 142 km will be deployed in Mozambique (about 65% of the total length of the project). The proposed line alignment which is not yet finalized is expected to begin at the Matambo substation and extend towards the east for approximately 4 km and then turns slightly toward the northeast after crossing the EN7. The identified corridor is then parallel (80 m distance from center line to center line) to the Matambo-Vale 220 kV for approximately 9 km, that is, up to the western shore of the Zambezi River. At this point, it shifts slightly to the south, crossing the Zambezi River in such a way that on the eastern shore it is now located some 330 m south of the Matambo-Vale line. After crossing the river, the line turns to the southeast and then back gradually towards the east following the southern limit of the Vale concession for 24 km. It then turns again towards the northeast for 5 km and then again towards the northwest for 15 km completing the southeastern and northeastern bypass of the Vale concession and crossing the Sena Railway. Just before crossing the Nacala Railway, the alignment turns to the northeast following the south side of the railway for 35 km until reaching the Cana-Cana to Caldas Xavier Road. It continues in the same direction and crosses the Nacala Railway after 4.6 km and the EN7 after 17 km. It continues towards the northeast through a hilly area for another 16 km following the EN7 in a more or less parallel fashion. At this point it crosses the 223 Road and veers a bit more towards the east for 10 km crossing a second time the EN7 at the level of Canhungue and reaching the Malawian border just north of Mussacama. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 xii Table 1 Characteristics of the Global Proposed 400 kV Transmission Line Technical Aspect 400 kV Line Total Estimated Length 218 km Length in Mozambique 142 km Typical ROW 100 ml Type of Towers Self-supporting towers Tower Spacing 450 m Height of the Towers 44 to 53 m Width of Base 18 to 23 m Type of Conductors Term ACSR conductor Capacity of transport required at this time 1 200 MVA per circuits Height of line from ground (Minimum) 10 to 12 m GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RPF Based on the nature of the project envisaged, it is inevitable that activities will lead to either land restriction or loss of access to economic assets and resources and therefore, ultimately to compensation and resettlement of people. At this stage, the Project is not required to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan because the exact route of the Transmission Line is not yet finalized. A corridor of 2 kms has been identified as the approximate route of the TL. The exact route will be determined after the design studies are completed. However, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared based on a 55m proxy alignment located on the central axis of the 2km wide corridor mentioned above, to be disclosed as a separate and stand-alone document. The RPF establishes the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the project. The RPF is prepared and implemented to the standards of the Government's own policy on resettlement, expropriation and compensation and to those of the World Bank, OP 4.12. Prior to initiating construction of the new 400 kV Transmission line, a Resettlement action plan must be prepared in compliance with this policy framework and submitted to MITADER and the Bank for approval before any land acquisition, compensation, resettlement, or any other impact on livelihood occurs. The purpose of the RPF is to establish the mechanisms (steps and institutions involved) by which the appropriate tools (questionnaires, etc.) and screening checklists (list of PAPs available, etc.) that will be implemented to produce a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT According to the primary survey conducted for the RPF, the project will impact households located in the area. Not all households will need to be relocated but only those located within the wayleave. In addition, houses that are to be rebuilt will be accompanied by a kitchen and a toilet. Similarly, crops and trees are also expected to be impacted. COMPENSATIONS The replacement houses must provide to PAPs with minimum, sustainable living standards, which is considered the case of a house of 70 m2 with three (3) bedrooms and made of conventional material (price estimated at 40,000 USD for this type/model of house). The project must not go lower than this standard. If possible, affected houses will be rebuilt a few meters from their current location (outside the wayleave). The structures will have to be moved on another land parcel that belongs to the same household or on a new land that will be found by EDM. In each case, the new parcel must be located A 55 m corridor was used as a proxy. Given the legally imposed PPZ, the actual wayleave is likely to be 100m and will be defined in the RAP and used as the basis for its preparation. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xiii near the project area. A moving allowance will be allocated to displaced households. The amount necessary to compensate the primary structures is estimated at 96,960,000 Mt (1,616,000 USD). According to the Decree 31/2012 every reconstruction of new houses (40) must include a kitchen and a toilet. Therefore, 40 new toilets and 40 new kitchens will have to be built for the 40 displaced households. This will be discussed with PAPs. The compensation allocated for harvest loss during the construction phase will vary depending on whether or not people have time to harvest. Compensation for crop losses will be calculated during the project implementation phase, based on harvests. Some of the households in the project area have fruit trees. Where the fall within the wayleave when it is identified, all trees will need to be cut and compensated, and cannot be replanted in the area of the line. This will be a permanent loss over the years. INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION STRATEGIES To limit impoverishment risk (especially for PAPs), adequate compensation level and implementation conditions are essential. The conditions include: - Sufficient time to find and evaluate their option and possible replacement land and organize the resettlement; 4 Support for all legal aspects of the transaction; - All "transaction costs" (Land Use Right) such as registration fees, transfer taxes, or customary tributes are to be compensated by the project developer; 4 Adequate control of PAPs' use of compensations by project authorities through different mechanisms like progressive verification of land purchase will be taken. Additionally, technical assistance will be provided for at least a three-year (3) period to help the impacted households improve their situation. The PIU specialists will assess concerns, needs and the most relevant aspects of livelihood improvement with PAPs and local administration as well as it will propose improvement and support activities. This help could include the following: 4 Practical training courses on improved agricultural techniques; - Improved crop varieties; 4 Fertilization; - Small scale irrigation; 4 Animal traction and related equipment; - Post-harvest grain conservation; 4 Agroforestry, other relevant techniques. A moving allowance shall be included in the resettlement package as well as a disturbance allowance to cover time lost from other efforts in addressing moving and other activities associated with resettlement. Moreover, a special focus must be given to the livelihood improvement of vulnerable groups prior to the construction of the project. Vulnerable groups include low income families, and woman, elderly, child or handicap headed households. Vulnerable households will be consulted at the onset of the operation to evaluate their concerns and needs. Special help that could be provided include, amongst others: 4 Support to open bank account; - Help for administrative transactions (land titling); 4 Relocation logistics and other support for the physically resettled households such as: Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 xiv . Transport assistance; . Reconstruction advice (on materials, type of structures, etc.) to ensure the quality of construction. - Psychological support (information, counseling, discussion); 4 Special transitional funds specific to vulnerable households. The project will have many impacts on land use and on many households and the positive impacts of the communities are limited to jobs during construction. It is therefore required to dedicate some funds to general development objectives, with communities taking the lead in determining which project they wish to prioritize and implement as well as how the project will be implemented. It is proposed that the equivalent of 1% of the project's total cost of construction (line and substation) in Mozambique be added to the cost of the project to finance the CCF. The CCF amounts to 918,460 USD, which is 1% of 91,846,000 USD. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT A public information and consultation process was implemented to support the development of the Project's ESIA and RPF studies. General objectives of this process were to: 4 Ensure the early and informed consultation of stakeholders at key stages of the ESIA and RPF, in order to improve their results and increase the credibility of the process. 4 Ensure compliance with national and international requirements for stakeholder engagement and public consultation during ESIA studies for major projects. - Ensure the ESIA and RPF helps to consolidate the efforts made by EDM in order to establish lasting relationships with affected communities and other stakeholders. Stakeholder groups that were engaged through the development of the ESIA and RPF are relevant ministries and agencies at national level, provincial and district governments, customary authorities, affected communities, affected households and commercial stakeholders. Three stakeholder information and consultation rounds were conducted through the development of the studies. Those were planned according to key stages, or decision moments, throughout the study where the informed participation of stakeholders was expected to make the most significant contribution to the on-going analysis, namely the environmental and social scoping stage (1st round), the assessment of the preliminary line route and of PAPs' needs and preferences (2nd round) and the disclosure of the EIA, ESMP and RPF draft reports (3rd round). Consultation formats have included Public Hearings (1st and 3rd rounds) and direct exchanges with community representatives and heads of affected households (2nd round), in addition to individual meetings with concerned authorities and other key informants. Through these events, stakeholders have highlighted the following concerns and expectations: 4 Affected communities must benefit from the project, either through job opportunities, access to electricity or community development assistance (education, water and sanitation); - Provincial and district services expect to be involved in next phases of Project development; 4 Need for a reforestation program to compensate for vegetation losses; - Fair and timely compensation to affected households; - Resettlement and livelihood restauration assistance; - All efforts should be made to avoid affecting the recently-resettled households from other projects (around Vale's mining concession and along the new railway). WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report XV GRIEVANCES MANAGEMENT The objective of the grievance redress mechanism proposed is to respond to the complaints of PAPs in a fast and transparent manner, and to ensure that they have avenues for presenting and redressing their grievances related to any aspect of the RPF/RAP. All grievances related with non-fulfilment of contracts, levels of compensation, or seizure of assets without compensation must be brought to the attention of relevant officers within the District Resettlement Committee including local authorities (at the community and neighborhood levels) and, be dealt with. The general process is that a PAP must raise a grievance with his/her village leader for immediate review and solution. This is the first level of the process. If the PAP is not satisfied with the first level's decision, the case must be forwarded to the Technical Committee for Monitoring and Supervision of Resettlement at the district level with a preliminary report prepared by the witness NGO. The report must have the details of the grievance, a preliminary assessment by village leaders, a hearing date and the decision. If the PAP is not satisfied with the second level's decision, the case must be forwarded to the Technical Committee for Monitoring and Supervision of Resettlement at the provincial level with, again, a preliminary report prepared by the witness NGO who will act as the focal point. If all avenues have been exhausted without success, then the matter will be brought before the existing local court system for the administration of justice by the PAP with the help of the witness NGO. IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING The RPF will be implemented by EDM. However, other stakeholders such as NGOs and local administration will also be involved. In this context, and to encourage the coordination of decisions as well as application of the various measures in an appropriate way, EDM will consider the possibility of setting up an Environmental and Social Management Unit within the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to be responsible for the RPF. Furthermore, provincial and districts committees must be put in place and a witness NGO will be invited to participate to the process. Monitoring activities will be implemented and ensure that compensations were paid before construction began, moves were normal, adequate assistance has been provided to vulnerable groups, all complaints were reviewed and resolved, the timetable for the process has been met, the resettlement has not resulted in any new negative impacts or that these are well controlled and the displacement and resettlement of people outside the line are well integrated in their villages without land conflicts and in conditions that respect the environment, and other accompanying measures have been implemented. Monthly performance monitoring reports, at the beginning of the RPF/RAP implementation process and then quarterly, will be prepared by the PIU and presented to EDM's Environmental and Social Management Unit. BUDGET The indicative resettlement budget outlined comprises costs to be borne by EDM for implementing resettlement, based on results of data collected. While the actual budget of the RAP will be determined at its preparation, it is estimated at 241,016,344 Mt, or 4,016,939 USD in Mozambique based on a baseline survey of a 55m wide corridor. The final RAP budget will be revised to cover the Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 xvi actual ROW, expected to be 100 m, but the current budget was prepared based on survey of the proxy 55m proxy corridor. SCHEDULE EDM will produce and implement a full RAP once the alignment of the TL is known and prior to the project's implementation. The RAP implementation schedule covers a period of twenty-four (24) months in order to include all planned activities, including implementation of the CCF. It is important that all structures be rebuilt and payments for compensation completed before project construction begins. This can be done progressively so construction can start on one end. This is to ensure that all possible barriers and encumbrances to the project implementation will have been dealt with. The only RAP activities that are planned for a longer period (about three (3) years) are the monitoring and evaluation activities which are scheduled to be done once a year after completion of major RAP activities. MONITORING AND EVALUATION The arrangements for monitoring the resettlement and compensation activities will be aligned to the overall monitoring and evaluation of the proposed project and will be the responsibility of the PlU at EDM. The PIU and District Councils will have responsibility for continuous monitoring within their jurisdiction and report to the PIU. Annual evaluations will be made in order to determine that PAPs have been paid in full prior to commencement of construction works, rehabilitation measures have been implemented, and PAPs have the same or higher standard of living than before. Objectively verifiable indicators shall be used to monitor the impacts of compensation and resettlement activities. These indicators will measure the physical and socio-economic status of the PAPs. In addition, an independent audit will take place at the completion of RAP implementation. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xvii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................1-1 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT .................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RPF.................................................. 1-1 1.3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................ 1-1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................2-1 2.1 EFFORTS TO REDUCE IMPACTS AND RESETTLEMENT....................... 2-2 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEW ORKS ..............................................3-1 3.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK .............................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 NA TIO NA L LA N D PO LIC Y ..........................................................................................3-1 3.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK................................................................................ 3-1 3.2.1 LAND USE AND PLANNIN .......................................................................................3-1 3.2.2 C O M P E N SA T IO N S ..................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2.1 RESETTLEMENT PROCEDURES .............................................................................3-3 3.3 INTERNATIONAL FUNDING POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES .................................................................................................................... 3-6 3 .3 .1 W O R LD BA N K .............................................................................................................3-6 3.4 GAP ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 3-11 4 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................4-1 5 POTENTIAL RESETTLEMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEAS URES ........................................................................................5-1 5.1 GENERALSUMMARY ................................................................................ 5-1 5.2 PROJECTIMPACTS ................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 PR IM A RY STR U C TU R ES ...........................................................................................5-1 5.2.2 SECONDARY STRUCTURES....................................................................................5-2 5.2.3 COMMUNITY SITES AND STRUCTURES.................................................................5-2 5.2.4 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND TREES ..............................................................5-2 5.3 WOMEN ...................................................................................................... 5-2 5.4 IMPACTS ON VULNERABLE GROUPS..................................................... 5-3 5.5 RISKS.......................................................................................................... 5-3 6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DESCRIPTION OF AFFECTED AREAS...........6-1 6.1 COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS............................................................ 6-1 6 .1.1 D E M O G R A P H IC S .......................................................................................................6-1 6.1.2 INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES ................................................6-2 6.1.3 AFFECTED COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND SITES.............................................6-5 Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 xviii 6.2 HOUSEHOLDS CHARACTERISTICS......................................................... 6-5 6.2.1 HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD .......................................................................................... 6-5 6.2.2 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION ...................................................................................6-6 6.2.3 INCOME AND PROPERTY ......................................................................................... 6-8 6.2.4 VULNERABLE PAPS ................................................................................................6-16 6.3 ASSETS IN THE ARE ............................................................................. 6-18 6 .3 .1 S T R U C T U R E S ..........................................................................................................6-18 6 .3 .2 P A R C E L S ..................................................................................................................6 -19 6.3.3 CROPS AND TREES ................................................................................................6-19 7 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS I STAKEHOLDER ENG AGTEMEN ...................................................................................7-1 7.1 OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 7-1 7.2 STAKEHOLDER GROUPS ......................................................................... 7-1 7.3 CONSULTATION PROGRAM ..................................................................... 7-1 7.4 RESULTS FROM INITIAL CONSULTATIONS (CONSULTATION ROUND 1) ....................................................................................................................7-2 7.5 CONSULTATIONS ROUND 2 - ON COMMUNITIES AND PAPS' CONCERNS, NEEDS AND PREFERENCES..............................................7-5 7.5.1 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED .........................................................................................7-5 7.5.2 CONCERNS, EXPECTATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS EXPRESSED BY CUSTOMARY CHIEFS, COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVES AND HEADS OF H O U S E H O L D ............................................................................................................7-6 7.5.2.1 CUSTOMARY CHIEFS ...............................................................................................7-6 7.5.2.2 COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE ...........................................................................7-7 7.5.2.3 HEADS OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS ....................................................................7-7 7.6 CONSULTATIONS ROUND 3 - ON DRAFT ESIA AND RPF REPORTS ....7-8 7.6.1 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PUBLIC MEETINGS .....................................................................................................................................7 -9 7.6.2 CONSULTATION MEETINGSHELD ..........................................................................7-9 7.6.2.1 OPEN PUBLIC MEETINGS SUMMARY ...................................................................7-11 7.6.2.2 MEETINGS W ITH THE COMMUNITIES...................................................................7-12 7.6.3 KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS RAISED ................................................................7-12 7.7 CONSULTATIONS AT RAP STAGE......................................................... 7-13 7 .7 .1 O B JE C T IV E S ............................................................................................................7-13 7.7.2 STAKEHOLDER GRO1UPS .......................................................................................7-14 7.7.3 CONSULTATION PROGRAM...................................................................................7-14 8 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ...................................................................... 8-1 8.1 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA .............................................................................. 8-1 8.2 CATEGORIES OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS ............................... 8-1 8.3 ENTITLEMENT AND COMPENSATION MATRIX....................................... 8-2 9 VALUATION AND COMPENSATION METHODS..............................9-1 WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xix 9.1 COMPENSATION FORHOUSES ............................................................... 9-1 9.2 COMPENSATION FOR SECONDARY STRUCTURES .............................. 9-1 9.3 COMPENSATION FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ......................... 9-2 9.4 COMPENSATION FOR TREES .................................................................. 9-2 9.5 ACCESS ROADS AND WORKERS CAMPS..............................................9-2 10 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION STRATEGIES..........10-1 10.1 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT.............................. 10-1 10 .1.1 LA N D B A S E ...............................................................................................................10-2 10 .1 .1 .1 T R E E S .......................................................................................................................10-2 10 .1.2 S T R U C T U R E S ..........................................................................................................10-3 10.1.3 M O V IN G A LLO W A N C E ............................................................................................10-3 10.1.4 DISTURBANCE ALLOW ANCE .................................................................................10-3 10.1.5 V U LN ERA BLE G R O U PS ..........................................................................................10-3 10.1.6 ADDITIONNAL MEASURES: NON-FARM COMPONENTS.....................................10-4 10.1.6.1 EMPLOYMENT AND OTHER BENEFITS ................................................................10-4 10.1.7 COMMUNITY MEASURES: COMMUNITY COMPENSATION FUND (CCF)...........10-5 11 ESTIMATED RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND SCHEDULE ..........11-1 11.1 RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND SCHEDULE......................................... 11-1 12 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................12-1 12.1 ACTORS INVOLVED AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE................12-1 12.2 PROCEDURES AND RESPONSIBILITIES............................................... 12-1 12.2.1 THE GOVERNMENT OF MOZAMBIQUE ................................................................. 12-1 12.2.2 ELECTRICIDADE DE MOQAMBIQUE, E.P. (EDM) .................................................12-1 12.2.3 MINISTERIO DE TERRA, AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL (MITADER) AND DIRECQAO NACIONAL DE ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL & R EA S S E N TA M E N TO ................................................................................................12-2 12.2.4 RESETTLEMENT MONITORING AND SUPERVISION TECHNICAL COMMITTEE AT TH E P R O V IN C IA L LEV EL ........................................................................................ 12-2 12.2.5 MONITORING AND SUPERVISION TECHNICAL COMMITTEE AT THE DISTRICT L E V E L ........................................................................................................................12 -3 12.2.6 RELEVANT DISTRICT SERVICES...........................................................................12-3 12.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT........................................................... 12-3 12.3.1 EDM'S ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT UNIT............................12-4 12.3.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (PIU)..............................................................12-5 12 .3 .3 W IT N E S S N G O .........................................................................................................12-6 12.3.4 C O N T R A C T O R S .......................................................................................................12-6 12.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM.......................................... 12-7 12.5 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY REINFORCEMENT..................................... 12-7 13 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM ............................................................13-1 13.1 O BJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 13-1 Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 XX 13.2 GENERALPRINCIPLES ........................................................................... 13-1 13.3 PRO C ESS ................................................................................................. 13-2 13.3.1 FIR ST LEV EL: V ILLA G E ...........................................................................................13-2 13.3.2 SECOND LEVEL: TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR MONITORING AND SUPERVISION OF RESETTLEMENT AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL..........................13-2 13.3.3 THIRD LEVEL: TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR MONITORING AND SUPERVISION OF RESETTLEMENT AT THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL...............................................13-3 13.3.4 FOURTH LEVEL: TRIBUNALS AND/OR COURT SYSTEM ....................................13-3 14 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ..................................................14-1 14.1 M O NITO RING ........................................................................................... 14-1 14.2 EVALUATION ........................................................................................... 14-3 14.3 MONITORING RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING............................ 14-3 14.4 EXTERNALSUPERVISION ...................................................................... 14-4 14.5 RAP COMPLETION AUDI ....................................................................... 14-5 15 TOR FOR THE RAP .........................................................................15-1 15.1 RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN ............................................................. 15-1 16 REFERENCES ..................................................................................16-1 WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report xxi FIGURES FIG URE 2-1 O PTIM IZED CO RRIDO R ....................................................................................... 2-3 FIGURE 11-1 ESMP AND RAP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ............................................11-3 FIGURE 12-1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ESMP AND RPF/RAP IM P LE M E N TA T IO ..............................................................................................M12-4 FIGURE 13-1 GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS ...................................................................13-4 TABLES TABLE 2-1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GLOBAL PROPOSED 400 KV TRANSMISSION L IN E ........................................................................................................................2 -1 TABLE 6-1 NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT.............................6-1 TABLE 6-2 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS INTERVIEWED BY ADMINISTRATIVE POST .....6-1 TABLE 6-3 ETHNIC GROUPS IN VILLAGES LOCATED WITHIN THE PROXY WAYLEAVE6-2 TABLE 6-4 OCCUPATIONS IN THE VILLAGES COVERED BY THE PROXY WAYLEAVE..6-2 TABLE 6-5 RELIGIONS IN VILLAGES LOCATED IN THE PROXY WAYLEAVE ...................6-2 TABLE 6-6 COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE SURVEYED VILLAGES...................6-3 TABLE 6-7 WORKFORCE IN THE SURVEYED VILLAGES ...................................................6-4 TABLE 6-8 SERVICES PROVIDED IN THE SURVEYED VILLAGES.....................................6-4 TABLE 6-9 HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS..................................................6-6 TABLE 6-10 AGE AND GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS....................................6-7 TABLE 6-11 AGE AND EDUCATION LEVEL DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS..................6-8 TABLE 6-12 LAND PARCELS CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................6-9 TABLE 6-13 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION -ANNUAL AND PERMANENT CROPS .........6-10 TABLE 6-14 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIO N ................................................................................6-12 TABLE 6-15 SECONDARY SOURCES OF INCOME ..............................................................6-13 TABLE 6-16 PROPERTY OF HOUSEHOLDS .........................................................................6-14 TABLE 6-17 CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIN RESIDENCE .....................................................6-14 TABLE 6-18 HOUSEHOLD ENERGY AND WATER SOURCES.............................................6-15 TABLE 6-19 AMOUNT SPENT FOR COOKING AND LIGHTING ...........................................6-16 TABLE 6-20 FREQUENCY OF DRINKING WATER FETCHES..............................................6-16 TABLE 6-21 HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY..........................................................................6-17 TA BLE 6-22 FO OD CO NSUMPTIO N .......................................................................................6-18 TABLE 6-23 PRIMARY STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE SURVEYED AREA.....................6-19 TABLE 6-24 LAND PARCELS IN THE SURVEYED AREA .....................................................6-19 TABLE 6-25 CROPS IN THE SURVEYED AREA ....................................................................6-20 TABLE 6-26 TREES IN THE SURVEYED AREA.....................................................................6-20 TABLE 7-1 TARGET STAKEHOLDER GROUPS ....................................................................7-1 Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 xxii TABLE 7-2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES, TARGET GROUPS, MEETING FORMATS AND TIMELINES FOR THE DIFFERENT CONSULTATION ROUNDS ........................7-2 TABLE 7-3 CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS HELD AND KEY ISSUES RAISED RELATIVE TO THE COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT PROCESS.................................7-3 TABLE 7-4 CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS HELD AND KEY ISSUES RAISED RELATIVE TO THE COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT PROCESS.................................7-4 TABLE 7-5 LIST OF MEETINGS WITH CUSTOMARY CHIEFS .............................................7-5 TABLE 7-6 LIST OF COMMUNITIES CONSULTED................................................................7-6 TABLE 7-7 MAIN REQUESTS AND NEEDS EXPRESSED BY COMMUNITIES....................7-7 TABLE 7-8 PREFERENCES OF HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD ABOUT REPLACEMENT HOUSES AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF VULNERABILITY TO ECONOMIC D IS P LA C E M E N T ....................................................................................................7-8 TABLE 7-9 PUBLIC MEETINGS HELD DURING CONSULTATION ROUND 3....................7-11 TABLE 8-1 PRELIMINARY ENTITLEMENT AND COMPENSATION STRATEGIES FOR THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOSSES AND CATEGORIES OF PAPS.......................8-3 TABLE 11-1 ESTIMATED RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING COST (55M PR O XY W AY LEAV E)..................................................................................11-2 TABLE 11-2 ESTIMATED RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING COST (oom1 P PZ) ..........................................................................................................11-2 TA BLE 12-1 TRAIN IN G PRO G RA M ......................................................................................... 12-8 TABLE 14-1 RPF/RAP MONITORING INDICATORS..............................................................14-2 TABLE 14-2 RPF/RAP EVALUATION INDICATORS...............................................................14-3 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLDS QUESTIONNAIRES APPENDIX 2 SIGNED CONSENT FORMS (COMMUNITIES AND PAPS) AND PHOTOS (SEE CD) APPENDIX 3 DATABASES OF COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS (SEE CD) APPENDIX 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES APPENDIX 4-A STAKEHOLDER LIST APPENDIX 4-B PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES (CONSULTATION ROUND 1) APPENDIX 4-C ADDITIONAL MEETINGS (CONSULTATION ROUND 2) APPENDIX 4-D CONSULTATION ROUND 2 APPENDIX 4-E CONSULTATION ROUND 3 APPENDIX 5 COMPENSATION RATES WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 1-1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT Mozambique integrated the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) at the time of its creation in 1995. At this time, only the utilities of nine of the twelve members (countries) were already interconnected, that is, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The remaining member countries to connect were Angola, Malawi and Tanzania. Ensuring that all member countries are interconnected is a high priority for the SAPP and this is why, in the SAPP's 2013 Annual Report, the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection was identified as a high priority project. On April 3rd, 2013, the Governments of Malawi and Mozambique signed a power interconnection agreement that includes two phases: (i) the construction of the Mozambique-Malawi 400 kV transmission line from the existing Matambo substation in Tete - Mozambique, to the projected Phombeya substation in Balaka - Malawi; and (ii) the construction of a second transmission line from Balaka - Malawi, to Nacala - Mozambique. The current report only considers the first phase of this interconnection agreement and concentrates on the Mozambique section. 1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RPF Based on the nature of the project, it is inevitable that activities will lead to either land acquisition or loss of access to economic assets and resources and therefore, ultimately to compensation and resettlement of people. At this stage, the Project is not required to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan as the exact route of the transmission line has not been finalized. However, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared, to be disclosed as a separate and stand-alone document from the ESMP. A complete RAP will be prepared upon completion of the transmission line route selection, based on geotechnical and topographical studies to be completed. The RPF establishes the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the project. The RPF is prepared and implemented to the standards of the Government's own policy on resettlement and compensation and to those of the World Bank, OP 4.12. Prior to initiating construction of the new 400 kV transmission line, a Resettlement Action Plan must be prepared in compliance with this policy framework and submitted to MITADER and the Bank for approval before any land acquisition, compensation, resettlement, or any other impact on livelihood occurs. The purpose of the RPF is to provide detailed guidance on RAP preparation and implementation. 1.3 METHODOLOGY The methodology employed to prepare the RPF is described in chapter 4. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 2-1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION On April 3rd, 2013, the Governments of Malawi and Mozambique signed a power interconnection agreement that includes notably the construction of the Mozambique-Malawi Interconnection Transmission Line from the Matambo substation in Tete, Mozambique, to the Phombeya substation in Balaka, Malawi. This Project will link the Cahora Bassa hydropower systems of 2075 MW to the 282 MW hydropower systems installed in the Shire River, in Malawi. The proposed alignment was initially evaluated through the analysis of a 2-km wide corridor originating from the initial ESIAs of 2003 and 2004. This corridor was first identified between 2005 and 2016 prior to the initiation of the current ESIA and again, following a preliminary site survey conducted in July 2016 at the beginning of the Scoping phase of the current ESIA process. Finally, an optimized alignment emerged based on an on-site technical survey and on the results of the Public Consultations Round 1, completed during the Scoping phase. A RPF was prepared at this stage since the final transmission line route selection, based on geotechnical and topographical studies, was not available. A practical approach for the RPF and ESIA was applied by using the center of the 2 km wide corridor as a proxy alignment to conduct the baseline social survey. The actual alignment and tower locations will be determined as an outcome of the geotechnical and topographical surveys leading to the preparation of a detailed design that will define the positioning of the tower footings. However, the exact alignment of the TL is not yet finalized. The proposed 400 kV transmission line has a total extend of 218 km, of which 142 km will be deployed in Mozambique (about 65%). This study refers only to the Mozambique section, starting in Matambo in Tete, to near Cantxusse community, on the border with Malawi. The project is located in the province of Tete and, more specifically in the districts of Moatize, Changara and City of Tete (see Figure 2-1). The proposed 400 kV transmission line alignment begins at the Matambo substation, extends towards the east for approximately 4 km and then turns slightly toward the northeast after crossing the EN7. The corridor is then parallel (80 m distance from center line to center line) to the Matambo-Vale 220 kV for approximately 9 km, that is, up to the western shore of the Zambezi River. At this point, it shifts slightly to the south, crossing the Zambezi River in such a way that on the eastern shore it is now located some 330 m south of the Matambo-Vale line. After crossing the river, the line turns to the southeast and then back gradually towards the east following the southern limit of the Vale concession for 24 km. It then turns again towards the northeast for 5 km and then again towards the northwest for 15 km completing the southeastern and northeastern bypass of the Vale concession and crossing the Sena Railway. Just before crossing the Nacala Railway, the alignment turns to the northeast following the south side of the railway for 35 km until reaching the Cana-Cana to Caldas Xavier Road. It continues in the same direction and crosses the Nacala Railway after 4.6 km and the EN7 after 17 km. It continues towards the northeast through a hilly area for another 16 km following the EN7 in a more or less parallel fashion. At this point it crosses the 223 Road and veers a bit more towards the east for 10 km crossing a second time the EN7 at the level of Canhungue and reaching the Malawian border just north of Mussacama. The following table (2-1) summarizes the main characteristics of typical 400 kV transmission lines. Table 2-1 Characteristics of the Global Proposed 400 kV Transmission Line Technical Aspect 400 kV Line Total Estimated Length 218 km Length in Mozambique 142 km Typical ROW 100 m2 Type of Towers Self-supporting towers 2 A 55 m corridor was used as a proxy. Given the legally imposed PPZ, the actual wayleave is likely to be 1 00m and will be defined in the RAP and used as the basis for its preparation. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 2-2 Tower Spacing 450 m Height of the Towers 44 to 53 m Width of Base 18 to 23 m Type of Conductors Term ACSR conductor Capacity of transport required at this time 1 200 MVA per circuits Height of line from ground (Minimum) 10 to 12 m 2.1 EFFORTS TO REDUCE IMPACTS AND RESETTLEMENT The transmission line alignment (the project site) was chosen to avoid areas where settlements, businesses or industries were located. This measure helped decrease the project's potential impacts as entire areas were deemed unavailable and therefore avoided. Also, after negotiations with the City of Tete, the proposed transmission line route was modified to: 4 Avoid private estates; 4 Aligns with an existing ROW within the proposed Mpadwe Urban Development in Tete, and; 4 Avoid mining concessions by following the exterior limits of their concession. The proposed expansion area for the Cateme community has been also avoided. All these modifications were made to minimize the negative effects of the power line and to decrease the project's potential impacts as dense urban areas were circumvented. Furthermore, areas occupied by individuals that have already been resettled in previous projects were also avoided. Concerning the cultural and archaeological heritage, project components were designed and redesigned to avoid or minimize impacts on known physical cultural heritage resources based on input from cultural heritage specialists. In some instances, towers and the line alignment were adjusted to avoid cultural and archaeological sites. Furthermore, general design parameters were followed for road and railway infrastructure crossings. Towers were located at least 30 m from existing roads and whenever possible crossings were designed at 90-degree angles. As for railway infrastructure, a minimum distance of 40 m was respected between the tower and the rail's ROW and angle crossing recommendations of 60 and 90 degrees were respected. The towers were implemented to follow a minimal 14 m height for the line cables passing over the railway. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 600000 650000 LI LilongweC Lusaka hown Belo /Harare Antananarivo Indian Ocean i Gaborone I Pretoria Maputo 0 350 km Mozambique nb o la o o Malawi o 0 * Chingozi 2 MOD Airport 0 oN, 0 TCataxa , ,' O -A SProposed IIn 0 6 12 24km River * - - 1:600 000 Project Component Projection: WGS84, UTM Zone 36S Proposed Line Route N o Infrastructures Affected Community Assets Existing Substation B Cemetery Map 2-1 () Benga Mine 0 School Project Location and Affected Vale Coal Mine Human Environment Community Assets in Malawi Primary Road 0 City Source: Basemap : ESRI Wotid Street Map Secondary Road Airort Intematfonal Bondaries: Map Ubrary, SecondaryP wwdwmror aplbraryorg Railroad DistictBoundaries OCHA 2007 iDistict Pmposedinterconexion Line. Lahmeyertntenational ----- Existing Transport Line, 220 kV 2017-05-23 r=iln200), Mozam7iqu e-MalawTransmission - - - - - Existing Transport Line, 66kV International Boundary 161-07023-00 ProposedSubstalons. Millenium challengeAccunt Exitn - - L(2015-12-17) and Lahmeyerinternational 3-1 3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS 3.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK 3.1.1 NATIONAL LAND POLICY National Land Policy (Resolution No 10/95, of October 17th) was approved in 1995, and serves as the policy framework within which the 1997 Land Law operated. The stated goal of the Policy was "to safeguard the diverse rights of the Mozambican people over the land and other natural resources, while promoting new investment and the sustainable and equitable use of these resources". The policy states that the State shall guarantee land so that every household has or builds a house, being accountable for its physical planning and use, even if plans are undertaken by the private sector. The most important principles regarding Mozambique land policy are as follows: 4 The State owns all land in Mozambique. Land use and access, by the population and investors, are provided, recognizing customary rights to land access and management by rural population, promoting social and economic justice. 4 Ensuring that women have the access and the right to use land. 3.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK In terms of the Constitution in Mozambique there is no land market as such. The land belongs to the state and people and other entities may acquire the right to use it. The principles and objectives guiding land acquisition, loss of assets or impact on livelihoods and resettlement in Mozambique are embedded in the relevant policies and regulations, which remain largely dispersed. Among others, the guiding principles include: 4 There should be compensation upon land acquisition, resettlement, loss of assets and impact on livelihood. 4 There should be no distinction between compensation for land with formal title deed and customary land. 3.2.1 LAND USE AND PLANNING Land Law, No.19/1997 provides the basis for defining people's land use rights, providing the details of rights based on customary claims and the procedures for acquisition of titles for use and benefits by communities and individuals. The law recommends a consultation-based process that recognizes customary rights as the means for identifying the claims of communities and individual members of communities without titles. After the passage of the 1997 Land Law, regulations were established to govern the market for long- term leases (DUATs - Direitos de Uso e Aproveitamento dos Terras), as well as the procedures for delineating rights obtained by statutory or customary means. The most important principles regarding the Land Law are as follows: - The state is the owner of all land in Mozambique. 4 Individuals, communities or entities may obtain long-term rights to use and benefit from the land. These rights are called DUATs. It does not confer full ownership but it is a secure, renewable, and long-term user right that covers a period of up to 50 years. 4 Land cannot be sold, mortgaged, or otherwise encumbered or alienated/transferred. - The DUATs however can be transferred by inheritance. It can also be sold or, otherwise, alienated or encumbered. Certain restrictions are applicable in those cases. The customary rights of local communities to their lands are intact and valid; rights obtained under customary norms, or by virtue of good-faith occupancy for at least 10 years, are equivalent to tights granted by the government. - Women's rights to land are equivalent to those of men. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 3-2 3.2.2 COMPENSATIONS Territorial Planning Law has the purpose of ensuring the organization of national land and sustainable use of its natural resources; observing legal, administrative, cultural conditions; and providing favorable conditions for the socio-economic development of the country; the promotion of quality of life of the population; and environmental protection and conservation. This law is applicable at all levels, from national to district levels, and requires the preparation of territorial (national, provincial, district, municipal/town) master plans in line with actual conditions at each level. Among others, this law confirms that expropriation for the public interest shall give rise to the payment of fairly calculated compensation in order to compensate for the loss of tangible and intangible goods and productive assets as well as for the disruption of social cohesion. Ministerial Diploma 181/2010, approved in November 2010, is also meant to govern this process of compensation. In the Territorial Planning Law (Decree No.23/2008), Article 68 (NO 2a) establishes that expropriation for purpose of territorial planning is considered to be in the public interest when the final objective is safeguarding the common interest of a community through the installation of economic or social infrastructure with large positive social impacts. Although, Article 70 (No.1-3) specifies that fair compensation must be paid before the transfer or expropriation of property and assets, and should cover the real value of expropriated assets, as damage and loss of profit. As mentioned above specific aspects related with compensation are also governed by Ministerial Diploma 181/2010. This diploma also reiterates the provision in Chapter 10 of Decree No.23/2008 in that land taking for the fulfillment of public interests should be made public by the Cabinet under the proposal of the developer. After many years of a relative vacuum in this area, the last 5-6 years have brought new and significant developments in the Regulation of compensation for agricultural and infrastructure assets. "Regulation No.66/98 of the Land Law" recommends compensation resulting from the transfer of losses, with basic guidelines for compensation in the form of tables produced and updated by Provincial Directorates of Agriculture, covering average values (market value) attributed to several annual crops and trees, but these were rarely available and in most cases, they were never up to date when needed. In 2010 the National Directorate of Agrarian Services, in the Ministry of Agriculture, produced new tables for temporary and permanent crops, which also require updating, but no concise criteria has been offered for such a process. The Regulation of the Land Law also indicates that the approval of the construction of public infrastructures, including underground water works, will result in the automatic creation of Partial Reservation Areas i.e. right-of-way (ROW) of 50 m, that borders them. One can neither acquire the rights to use and benefit from that land nor develop activities without a license. In practice, this provision is not followed and, with poor law enforcement in many parts of the country, the encroachment of the ROW tends to become the norm. The Regulation of the Land Law also identifies the fees to be paid by holders of land titles, before demarcation and authorization are completed, as well as the annual fee for rights of land use and benefits. These fees have recently been updated. The Regulation also recommends compensation resulting from losses by transfer, with basic guidelines for compensation in the form of tables produced and updated by Provincial Directorates of Agriculture. These tables cover the average values (the market value) attributed to several temporary and permanent arboreal crops. In 2010, the National Directorate of Agrarian Services, within the Ministry of Agriculture, produced and updated these tables for the entire country. According to national regulations, for infrastructures and crops, the Ministries for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA), Finances (MF) and Justice (MOJ) approved the Ministerial Decree No.181/2010 on "Expropriation Process Related with Territorial Planning" in November 2010. In addition to putting into practice important aspects of the Territorial Planning Law (Law No.19/2007) and the regulation of that law (Decree No.23/2008), this Decree gives important steps in filling the gap that existed on the calculation of values for compensation. In its point "4.2.1 Terms for calculating infrastructure" the diploma covers terms for calculating infrastructures and crops. The Diploma does WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-3 not necessarily revoke the provisions that already existed, but provides them with greater consistency. Yet it seems that it does not overcome the shortcomings of "updating prices", and it is also void on infrastructures built using precarious (local) materials, which are usually the most affected when resettlement is also associated with poor land use planning and poor law enforcement in rural areas, as it will be in most cases under this Project. However, World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12), requires that compensation be made at current replacement cost, i.e. without depreciation for age of a structure or type of building material. Therefore, in the Project, the standard from OP 4.12 will be applied. Regarding infrastructures, particularly, a factor which tends to result in lower prices when using the legal mechanisms is depreciation, which the existing laws and regulations require to be considered. In all cases the existing laws and regulations do not give straight forward answers and are open to different forms of interpretation which tends to lead to different results when applied by different resettlement practitioners. Experience has shown that for the agricultural sector and for the public works and housing, prices/rates are rarely available and when available are often outdated. Moreover, for various reasons, the Mozambican market rarely provides reliable, consolidated information about prices of comparable assets or acceptable substitutes. This has led practitioners of resettlement actions and project developers to look for alternative ways and arrangements to make calculations and valuation that refer only to the costs of tangible assets (i.e. direct/tangible). Intangible aspects (e.g. sentimental attachment to the affected assets, proximity to neighbors or relatives, sacred sites, aesthetic values, etc.) should be treated (negotiation/valuation) separately in consultation with all relevant stakeholders. From 0% to 20% foreseen in the Decree 181/2010, the Project will need to decide on the applicable percentage (%) factor to be used as disturbance factor to compensate for a certain number of assets and situations. Finally, other than stating that compensation should be paid when land is expropriated in the public interest, both the Constitution and the Land Law do not expand on issues related to compensation, in terms of the principles, forms, eligibility, valuation, adequacy, procedures, timing and responsibilities; (iii) the safety of access and use of the land by the population and the investors (...), recognizing the rights of customary access and administration of the land by rural resident populations, promoting the social and economic justice; (iv) the safeguard of the rights of women to access and use of the land; and (v) the sustainable use of natural resources, to guarantee quality of life for the actual and the future generations, ensuring that the areas of total and partial protection maintain their environmental quality and the specific intentions they were established for. 3.2.2.1 RESETTLEMENT PROCEDURES Directive on the Expropriation Process for Purpose of Spatial Planning (Ministerial Decree No.181/2010, of 3 November) establishes rules and procedures for expropriation processes resulting from territorial planning, including procedures for the issuance of a declaration of public interest, compensations for expropriation (including calculation methods) and the expropriation process itself. Regulation for the Resettlement Process Resulting from Economic Activities (Decree No.31/2012) defines rules and basic principles for resettlement processes from the implementation of public or private economic activities. Article 15 states that the Resettlement Plan is part of the EIA process and that its approval precedes the issuance of the environmental license. This regulation states that if a project results in physical or economic resettlement, a Resettlement Plan needs to be developed as part of the EIA process and approved as defined by this regulation. The Regulation predicts the establishment of a Technical Committee for Monitoring and Supervision of the Resettlement Process, revised and complemented in Ministerial Decree No.155/2014, of September 19th. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 3-4 The District Government is responsible for approving Resettlement Plans following an opinion by the sector responsible for Spatial Planning after consultation with the Agriculture sector, Local Administration, Public Works and Housing. Resettlement is not allowed in (i) areas with significant environmental impacts such as erosion, floods, and (ii) protected areas in accordance with a specific legislation (Article 17). For the definition of the size of the residential plot, the following criteria must be considered (article 18): - appropriate for construction, with a slope less than 10%; - areas with low groundwater levels; - in urban areas, no plot shall be below 800 M2; - in rural areas, no plot shall be below 5,000 M2; - front access to the road; - natural ventilation; - access to water and other facilities; - access to social infrastructure. If physical and natural conditions do not allow for installation of a water supply system, improved latrines must be constructed at a minimum distance of 10 metres from the house. In rural areas, physical spaces must be provided for horticulture, poultry farming and other animal breeding. The Regulation stipulates that the District Government is responsible for allocating the area required for resettlement. In 2014, the Government approved two Ministerial Diplomas to support the Decree No.31/2012, namely: - Internal Regulations for the Operation of the Monitoring and Supervision Technical Committee of Resettlement, Ministerial Decree No.155/2014 of September 19th. - Technical Directive on the Elaboration and Implementation Process of Resettlement Plans, Ministerial Decree No.156/2014 of September 19th. Internal Regulations for the Operation of the Monitoring and Supervision Technical Committee of Resettlement, Ministerial Decree no 155/2014 of September 19th - establish the organization and functioning of all those involved in the monitoring and supervision of resettlement. Committees are set up at the province and district levels. Committees have the following responsibilities: - Supervise the resettlement process at their level, and ensure the observance of the rights of persons affected by the process. - Communicate to the competent authorities, of any irregularities or illegalities detected during the resettlement process. - Treat complaints from the affected persons, and forward to competent bodies, the cases that, by force majeure, do not have local solutions set between the proponent and the affected persons. - Prepare resettlement process monitoring and evaluation reports, taking into account previously approved plans. - Propose notices to the proponent for clarification during the resettlement process. - Mobilize and sensitize the population on the resettlement process. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-5 4 Intervene at all stages of the resettlement process, including its supervision. 4 Make the population aware for their rights and obligations under the resettlement process. - Review the Public Consultation reports and give their opinion on the resettlement issue. Technical Directive on the Elaboration and Implementation Process of Resettlement Plans, Ministerial Decree No 156/2014 of 19 September- aims to operationalize the Regulations on the Resettlement Process (Decree No.31/2012) and facilitate greater involvement and rapprochement between all parties involved, so that the resettlement does not become of socially destructive character, but take the opportunity to develop new housing centres, well-structured and standardized, according to the principles set out in Article 4 of the Regulation in reference (Decree No.31/2012). The Directive standardizes the resettlement plans, through the formulation of a reasoned and coherent conceptual framework based on theoretical principles and practical experience. The Directive presents guidelines of the process and identifies the different steps that characterize the development and implementation of the resettlement plan, and sets out the contents and the results required for each phase. Three (3) phases for development of the Resettlement Plan were set: 4 Physical and Socio-economic Survey (PSES); - Resettlement Plan (RP); 4 Implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (IRAP). This directive establishes that the choice of the host area must be previously agreed upon with all the affected people and stakeholders, included in a minute meeting, duly signed by the parties concerned, and disclosed in local places. Ministerial Diploma- Technical Guideline of Planning and Implementation Process of Resettlement Plans (No.156/2014) covers the operation of the Regulations on the Resettlement Process and facilitates greater involvement and rapprochement between all parties involved, so that the resettlement does not have a social destructive character, but takes the opportunity to develop well-structured and standardized new housing centres. The Directive standardizes the resettlement plans, through the formulation of a reasoned and coherent conceptual framework, based on theoretical principles and practical experience. The Directive presents guidelines of the process and identifies the different steps that characterize the development and implementation of the resettlement plan, and sets out the content and the results required for each phase. This regulation states that if a project results in physical or economic resettlement, it is necessary to develop a Resettlement Plan, as part of the EIA process, and approved as defined in this Regulation. This plan identifies all potential affected by the Project and characterizes all the affected improvements. The Article 15e of the Regulation on Body Exhumation (Decree No.42/90, of December 29th) states that in urban areas, funeral services are associated with municipalities responsible for managing urban areas; these shall be responsible for organizing and authorizing exhumations, transfer or burial of bodies. Clause 2 of article 1 states that burial of bodies in rural areas may be in cemeteries or other duly authorized locations by appropriate authorities but it does not determine who those authorities are. The Regulation does not state anything regarding exhumation and burials in rural areas for the implementation of development projects. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 3-6 3.3 INTERNATIONAL FUNDING POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES 3.3.1 WORLD BANK RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN The World Bank has adopted several policy objectives in relation to involuntary resettlement: - Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. - Resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the Project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. 4 Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation; whichever is higher. According to the World Bank, a resettlement action may include: (i) the loss of land or physical structures on the land, including business; (ii) the physical movement; and (iii) the economic rehabilitation of project affected persons (PAPs) in order to improve (or at least restore) the levels of income or life prevailing before the action causing the resettlement has taken place. Where resettlement is unavoidable, the bank has provided the following guiding principles in order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives: a) Preparation of a resettlement policy framework and resettlement action plan that ensures that displaced people are: 4 Informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement. 4 Consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives. + Provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets attributable directly to the Project. 4 Provided assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation. 4 Provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, locational advantages, and other factors are at least equivalent to the advantages of the old site. + Offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on areas on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living. 4 Provided with development assistance, in addition to compensation such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities. The policy also advocates that: - Particular attention should be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaced, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation. 4 Implementation of resettlement activities should be linked to the implementation of the investment component of the Project to ensure that displacement or restriction of access does not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. These measures include provision of compensation and of other assistance required for relocation, prior to displacement, and WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-7 preparation and provision of resettlement sites with adequate facilities, where required. In particular, taking of land and related assets may take place only after compensation has been paid and, where applicable, resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to the displaced persons. 4 Displaced persons and their communities, and any host communities receiving them, are timely provided with relevant information, consulted on resettlement options, and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement. Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms are established for these groups. 4 In new resettlement sites or host communities, infrastructure and public services are provided as necessary to improve, restore, or maintain accessibility and levels of service for the displaced persons and host communities. Alternative or similar resources are provided to compensate for the loss of access to community resources (such as fishing areas, grazing areas, fuel, or fodder). 4 Patterns of community organization appropriate to the new circumstances are based on choices made by the displaced persons. To the extent possible, the existing social and cultural institutions of resettled people and any host communities are preserved and the preferences of the resettled people with respect to relocating in pre-existing communities and groups are honored. b) The policy also sets out the following guiding principles on which to base the criteria for determining eligibility for compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance measures for PAPs: 4 Persons that have formal legal rights to land, including customary and traditional; and religious rights recognized under the laws of Mozambique. 4 Persons who do not have formal legal rights to land or assets at the time the census begins; but have a recognized claim to such land or assets through the national and customary laws of Mozambique. This class of people includes those that come from outside the country and have been given land by the local authorities to settle, and/or to occupy in matrimonial society. and 4 Persons who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying, using or getting their livelihood from. This class of people includes those that settle at a place on semi-permanent basis, or those settling at a place without any formal grant or authority. PAPs classified under paragraph (i) and (ii) shall be provided compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance for the land, buildings or fixed assets on the land and buildings taken by the Project. The compensation shall be in accordance with the provisions of this RPF and if PAPs occupied the Project area prior to the cut-off date (date of commencement of the census). Persons covered under sub-paragraph (iii) above are to be provided with compensation for the improvements on the land. In addition, they have to be given the necessary assistance to satisfy the provisions set out in this Project, if they occupy the Project area prior to the established cut-off date. Communities including districts, towns, neighborhoods and villages permanently losing land, resources and/or access to assets shall be eligible for compensation. Compensation to communities will include for example: public toilets, market places, car parks and health posts or other appropriate compensation chosen by the community. Compensation measures shall ensure that pre-resettlement socio-economic status of the communities are restored or improved. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 3-8 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK According to the World Bank OP 4.12, the RPF3WiIl cover the following elements: (a) A brief description of the Project and components for which land acquisition and resettlement are required, and an explanation of why a resettlement plan as described in paras. 2-21 or an abbreviated plan as described in para. 22 cannot be prepared by project appraisal. (b) Principles and objectives governing resettlement preparation and implementation. (c) A description of the process for preparing and approving resettlement plans. (d) Estimated population displacement and likely categories of displaced persons, to the extent feasible. (e) Eligibility criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons. (f) A legal framework reviewing the fit between borrower laws and regulations and Bank policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps between them. (g) Methods of valuing affected assets. (h) Impact Mitigation and the Entitlement Matrix; (i) Organizational procedures for delivery of entitlements, including, for projects involving private sector intermediaries, the responsibilities of the financial intermediary, the government, and the private developer. (j) A description of the implementation process, linking resettlement implementation to civil works. (k) A description of grievance redress mechanisms. (1) A description of the arrangements for funding resettlement, including the preparation and review of cost estimates, the flow of funds, and contingency arrangements. (m) A description of mechanisms for consultations with, and participation of, displaced persons in planning, implementation, and monitoring. (n) Arrangements for monitoring by the implementing agency and, if required, by independent monitors. OP. 4.12 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT The main objectives of the WB Resettlement Policy (OP 4.12) are to: i) Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement whenever feasible. ii) Develop resettlement activities as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the displaced persons to share in project benefits. iii) Meaningfully consult displaced persons and give them opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. iv) Assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. This policy is usually applied for projects that require international financing. The World Bank OP 4.12, Appendix A (Paragraphs 17-31), describes the scope (level of detail) and the elements that a resettlement plan should include. These include objectives, potential impacts, socio-economic studies, legal and institutional framework, eligibility, valuation and compensation of losses, resettlement measures, relocation planning, 3 The new policy of the World Bank (2016) concerning the Resettlement Policy Framework has not really changed. Only few precisions and details have been added to some requirements. However, it should be noted that the current Project will not be subject to the new policy. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 3-9 community participation, grievance management procedures, implementation schedule, costs and budgets, and monitoring and evaluation. WB OP 4.12 (6a) requires that the resettlement plan include measures to ensure that displaced persons are (i) informed about their options and rights, (ii) consulted and offered choices among technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives, and (iii) provided prompt and effective compensation of full resettlement costs. WB OP 4.12 (8) requires that particular attention be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaced such as: those below the poverty line, landless, elderly, women and children, indigenous populations, ethnic minorities. WB OP 4.12 (13 a) stipulates that any displaced persons and their communities and any host communities receiving them should be provided with timely and relevant information. They also should be consulted on resettlement options and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing and monitoring the resettlement. WB OP4.12 (12a) states that payment of cash compensation for lost assets may be appropriate where livelihoods are land-based but only when the land taken for the Project is a small fraction (less than 20%) of the affected asset and the residual is economically viable. WB OP4.12 Para (6 b & c) state that in case of physical relocation, displaced persons should be (i) provided assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation; and (ii) provided with residential housing, or housing sites, and, if required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, locational advantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the old site. In addition, displaced persons should be offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living. This development assistance comes in addition to compensation measures such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities. WB OP4.12 Para 13 (a) requires that appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms be established to sort out any issues arising. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 3-11 3.4 GAP ANALYSIS In case of conflict between national legislation of Mozambique and World Bank safeguards policies, the latter will prevail. EVALUATED COMPONETS NATIONAL LEGISLATION OP 4.12 OF THE WORLD BANK' REQUIRED MEASURES TO BRIDGE THE GAP COMPONENTS The public participation process should provide all directly and indirectly parties the opportunity to receive and have access to the information, be able to ask for clarification and to formulate Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and Develop a Stakeholder Engagement Plan as part of the RPF, and questions and recommendations. should have opportunities to participate in planning and undertake consultations which will be updated for key project stages of (i) The public participation must be performed accordingly with the implementing resettlement programs. PAPs should be RAP preparation; (ii) implementation and (iii) monitoring & evaluation. guidance from Ministerial Diploma No. 130/2006 General cnsulte t teprest Directive on Public Participation Process in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process. Minimization of No reference to minimizing resettlement in national regulations. Requires that resettlement be avoided, and where not Include line optimization measures to minimize displacement in project displacement possible, minimized to the extent possible. design and document them in RPF. The Physical and Socioeconomic Survey Report must inform Comprehensive baseline census survey of PAPs and their A household census and socio-economic surveys of affected households interested parties about the objectives, relevance and impacts income & assets for RAP are required detailing within a 55m proxy alignment using meaningful indicators, together with of the resettlement process. It must also present and discuss demographic and socio-economic characteristics of asset surveys is done here for the purpose of developing appropriate alternatives for resettlement sites (Decree no. 54/2015, Article communities and households, as well as asset inventories, resettlement and livelihood restoration measures at the RPF stage. The 11) for the development of appropriate compensation, census will be updated and expanded to the full wayleave/Partial Protection resettlement and livelihood measures, as well as M&E. Zone (PPZ) for RAP implementation. Census will be conducted and cut-off date will be established will be Requrestha a ut-Of Dte s ieall ageedbeteen established at the beginning of census & agreed upon with PAPs at the Entitlement cut-off-date No reference to entitlement cut-off-date in national regulations. parties and enacted following the inventory of all assets. Rstage. the ut-off dt des pred cont fAn an thi Normllythiscutoffdateis he dte he ensu beins RAP stage. The cut-off date does not preclude continued farming, and this Normally this cut-off date is the date the census beginsbe early communicated. In-kind compensation is preferred to ensure PAPs are The RAP will include consultation with PAPs on potential in-kind Decree No.31/2012, on the Resettlement Process induced by adequately rehoused and re-established, due to the risks replacement as an option for housing. An analysis will be undertaken for Compensation choices Economic Activities, emphasises on in-kind compensation for associated with cash compensation. proportion of land impacted per landowner/farmer. Where this is significant, dwelling units, as it provides instruction on the required Cash compensation may be appropriate when impacts are efforts will be made to offer replacement land and/or develop characteristics of replacement dwelling units and plots, minimal (less than 20% of land holdings). comprehensive livelihood assistance. Fair compensation must be paid before the transfer or rel pensation should be paid before resettlement, and Payment of compensation will occur before relocation, but timed so as not Payment of compensation expropriation of property and assets, and should cover the real Pns should be p bfr rstlmnt, an to force early relocation before all livelihood and vulnerable assistance and moves value of expropriated assets, as damage and loss of profit PAPs sho.aied to opn. anaccount a measures are in place. (Decee o.2/200, Atice 68No.a).required, accompanied by financial management training. (Decree No.23/2008, Article 68 No.2a). Expropriated people must have the opportunity to contest the Complaints & Grievance mechanisms should be put in The RFP detail a grievance procedure which will be accessible to all PAPs compensation terms in case of disagreement and must be Grievances management informed of the deadlines to do so (Decree No.23/2008, Article places which are accessible, without cost and restitution and allow grievances in relation to all aspects of the Project at all stages, 71, No 3). free. while ensuring compatibility with national law and traditional mechanisms. The Regulation for the Resettlement Process Resulting from M a e Economic Activities predicts the establishment of a Technical Moirngadelutnacvteshudbenertd EcommictieevforMitring ndic Serisohement ofaTechnical into the overall project management process, and the RAP This RPF detail an M&E Plan involving participation of stakeholders, which Monitoring and evaluation Process (Decree No.155/2014, of September 1th). Committees must provide a coherent monitoring plan that identifies will continue for the duration of implementation and livelihood restoration Proess(DereeNo.55/014 ofSepembr 1th) Comiteesorganizational responsibilities, methodology, and the measures. are set up at the province and district levels and have clear ognztl reoni ties ethgy responsibilities to fulfil. schedule for monitoring and reporting. According to the land act 19/97 of October 1st, Article 3: The Compensations in kind are required. Assistance should be land belongs to the state and cannot be sold, mortgaged and provided for the restoration of productivity and achieving No compensation since the ROW can be used for farming (no trees are Cultivated lands pawned in any form. productionallowed). However, any missed crop cycle should be compensated for. The cash compensation is possible if the affected lands Therefore, land is compensated in kind. account for less than 20% of the household's land. Compensation in-kind or full replacement value, for all In-kind replacement (according to established legal minimums with Land in general Substitution in-Kind PAPs with legally recognised rights, and home and infrastructure land and DUAT. If suitable land is not available and PAPs subsistence plots are required for PAPs even without legal agree, cash compensation option at full replacement cost for PAPs with rights. legally recognised or recognisable rights. According to the Decree 31/2012 of August 8th. Houses are Compensation in kind based on the full replacement value with compesate in ind.PAP's can choose between receiving compensation in compensated in kind. PA' a hoebtenrciigcmesto n improvement to reach minimum standards (cement floor, tin roof, earth and Buildings (houses, annexes The houses need to be: cash or in-kind. Compensation should be based on the cement or concrete block walls, separate cement latrine) as well as all and other affected property) * 3 bedrooms replacement cost without depreciation, as well as all cementior conte blo wall prate t latrine) aswlas all * erostransaction costs (taxes, permits, etc.). transaction costs. The customer will provide to physically displaced people * 70 m2 a choice of options for adequate housing (with minimum legal requirements) Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 3-12 EVALUATED COMPONETS NATIONAL LEGISLATION OP 4.12 OF THE WORLD BANK' REQUIRED MEASURES TO BRIDGE THE GAP COMPONENTS * Built with conventional material (stonework) and according with security of tenure on an infrastructure land. to an approved design. The PAP may receive cash compensation for reconstruction through * Must follow the social and cultural characteristics of the carefully planned installments at each step of the self-reconstruction resettlement place. process. * Plot of 5,000 m2 for rural and 800 m2 for urban. Community structures should also be replaced at full market value without depreciation. If shrines and graves are encountered, the promoter will pay for necessary ceremonial and resettlement costs. Crop compensation at replacement cost of the lost production. For perennial crops, compensation shall take into account For perennial crops and trees, compensation considers the production Crops andfruit trees can b compensationlihed mvncDetary acon the production delivery time. For annual crops, the land delivery time (period required to reach maturity for trees, or production for Crops and trees to a compensation list given by the Provincial Department of ofedascmnatnalwshertrtinfprnilcos) Agricuture.offered as compensation allows the restoration of perennial crops). Agriculture. production. For annual crops, the land offered as compensation is fertile enough to allow restoration of production. Resettlement program that allows the owner to gain full trade income flow. Compensation offered for the recovery cost of commercial activities elsewhere, the loss of net income during the transition period; and transfer The resettlement decree 31/2012 of August 8th, does not make fees and relocation of the plant, machinery or other equipment, as Economic Impact (loss of a provision for economic impact. Resettlement program that allows the owner to gain full applicable. income) But it is customary to compensate for the value of the trade income flow (replacement of infrastructure, working Provide replacement property of equal or greater value, or cash infrastructure and for the loss of income for a period that it site, lost profit and any other transition losses). compensation at full replacement cost to all persons except for person with takes for the reconstruction of the affected structure. no legal rights or right to claim on the land which are recognized or recognizable under national laws, land compensation is not applicable, but it may be necessary to provide alternative work sites to restore their livelihoods. A restoration of livelihood plan must accompany the PAPs should, in addition to the relocation allowance, PAPs should, in addition to the relocation allowance, receive assistance in Assistance to resettled resettlement plan, which will assist the affected people in receive assistance in their resettlement and monitoring their resettlement and monitoring thereafter to improve their standard of PAPs restoring at least the same level of life they had before and thereafter. living on another suitable site. monitoring thereafter. Displaced persons shall be offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to Directly affected people have the right to livelihood restauration restore their livelihood and standards of living; and Provision of different restoration packages for each of the various categories Livelihood restoration, to a level that is equivalent or superior to previous conditions. provided with development assistance, such as land of PAPs and will depend on the type and magnitude of loss suffered, the additional assistance and They also have the right to be provided with areas with to preparation, credit facilities, training, in addition to the vulnerability level of the PAP's household, the indicated preferences vulnerable assistance. practice their subsistence activities (Decree No.21/2012, Article compensation they receive. They be given assistance for associated to their family characteristics and other relevant circumstances. 10, al. b and e). their efforts to improve their living standards or to at least See chapter 10 for details on eligible groups. restore them to the highest standard between pre- displacement or standards prevailing prior to the beginning of the project implementation. Legal or customary owners Eligible. Eligible. of land and titled land Eligible. Relocation assistance and compensation for loss of assets Relocation assistance and compensation for loss of assets (other than Illegal occupants Not eligible. (other than land), and support for the resumption of land), and support for the resumption of activities, if any. activities, if any. Tenants Does not make provision. They must be compensated, whatever type of legal Compensation whatever the type of legal recognition of the land tenure, and recognition of their land tenure (formal or informal). support for the resumption of activities, if any. 1-World Bank, Operational Policies 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement, Revised 2013 2-African Development Bank, Involuntary Resettlement Policy, 2003 3-European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Environmental and Social Policy, 2014 Note: Where there is a conflict between National Legislation and World Bank Operational Policies, the latter takes precedence WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 4-1 4 METHODOLOGY The preparation of the RPF commenced with a literature review (technical reports, legal documents, scientific literature, etc.) where the key elements for the development of the report were assessed. Subsequently, the RPF was conducted through: 4 Consultations with a number of key stakeholders at the national, regional and local levels (see chapter 7); 4 The presentation of a provisional RPF report, including a preliminary assessment of the legal and institutional context, a project valuation and compensation framework, proposed options for income and livelihood restoration strategies, institutional arrangements for the eventual implementation of a resettlement action plan (RAP), grievances and monitoring mechanisms. 4 The presentation of the above mentioned provisional RPF report to EDM for comments; 4 The completion of socio-economic surveys of communities and households whose land will be crossed by the 55m wide proxy wayleave. The baseline social survey took a two-pronged approach - a focused survey and a survey of surrounding areas. The focused survey took place inside the corridor located in the middle of the 55m wide proxy TL route. This survey covered 80% of the households in the area. It consisted of two (2) separate surveys. The first baseline survey was meant to assess the affected households' assets and circumstances and the second survey assessed the community's characteristics and assets that would be affected by the project implementation. The two (2) questionnaires are presented together in Appendix 1 and the signed consent forms (communities and PAPs) and photos are presented in Appendix 2. To gather information on socio-economic characteristics of the surroundings, a control group of households living outside the 55m wide proxy corridor and representing no less than 10% of the total number of households was also interviewed. The baseline survey was undertaken from March 29 to April 24, 2017. A final census will be done at RAP stage and additional PAPs coming from project area or the wider wayleave may be eligible to the resettlement until the end of the final census. The impact presented here is thus an estimate (based on a proxy alignment) that needs to be revised at the RAP stage. The RAP census needs to target all affected households and communities, as well as a property survey and valuation of private and community assets affected by the project. These field investigations (100% of the affected land and property) should identify the structures, parcels of land, crops, fruit and natural trees, tombs and sacred sites, and any other property to be affected by the project, within the 100-metre wayleave of the transmission line4. These community and private surveys should be conducted by specialized social and economic teams, and supported by certified evaluators. GPS devices should be used to establish the location and sizes of the land, structures and other assets likely to be affected. For this purpose, a demarcation work (mark stations) should be carried out by a surveying team before and during the surveys, facilitating the delimitation of the wayleave. Photographs of affected structures and their owners need also to be captured. The information gathered through undertaking the steps discussed in the methodology above is presented in the sections below. 4 A 55 m corridor was used as a proxy for preparation of this RPF. Given the legally imposed PPZ, the actual wayleave is likely to be 100m and will be defined in the RAP and used as the basis for its preparation. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 5-1 5 POTENTIAL RESETTLEMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES This section presents a summary description of the project's estimated impacts on the human population. Potential environmental impacts are described in the ESIA report of the project, but this chapter will focus on social impacts of resettlement. These potential impacts were assessed using data collected from field investigations, relevant documents and consultations with various stakeholders and PAPs located in the 55m proxy alignment. As stated previously a RAP, with detailed actual resettlement impacts for the full wayleave which is expected to be 100m will be prepared upon completion of the transmission line route selection, based on geotechnical and topographical studies to be completed and final definition of the Project wayleave and PPZ. 5.1 GENERAL SUMMARY The project will require the construction of a 400 kV line pylon over a total length of about 142 km. The construction, operations and maintenance or repair activities of the ROW and transmission line will involve periodic access to the structures. For the project affected households and communities, negative impacts planned to occur related to resettlement during the construction phase include the impacts below, as inventoried in the baseline survey and described in following sections: 4 Loss of Land: 781 ha affected by the wayleave, all belonging to the State of Mozambique; 4 Crops: 454,553 m2 of agricultural land belonging to 204 households within the wayleave; 4 Loss of Livelihoods: 204 households affected at varying levels depending on assets affected; 4 Trees: 179 fruit trees belonging to 16 households; 4 Household Structures: 40 houses belonging to 40 households; 4 Commercial structures such as shops and markets: none inventoried; 4 Public services such as schools, health clinics, etc: none inventoried; 4 Community assets such as water supply and other utilities: none inventoried; 4 Sacred sites (eg. Tree, religious building, etc): none inventoried. 5.2 PROJECT IMPACTS 5.2.1 PRIMARY STRUCTURES Beside the impacts on agricultural activities, an impact will be the relocation of houses and other structures within the ROW. In most cases, these should be relocated to an adjacent land parcel, as it is desired by the affected households. However, this relocation will result in loss of time, income and disruption of the organization of the daily life of affected households. It would need to be mitigated. There are 40 houses belonging to 40 different households (19.7% of the total impacted households) that are currently located in the area covered by the focused survey. If the final route of the TL follows this corridor, however, this does not present the final number of households to be displaced. These houses must be demolished and displaced. All these households will need support in their search for new land on which to rebuild their home, as we do not know if they have a non-affected land where they would like to move and could rebuild their houses. It should be located near the land used by the household so as to not impose any additional constraints to their land harvesting. If this option is not possible due to the unavailability of land for the house relocation within existing settlements, a particular assistance will be offered to find equivalent land, suitable for exploitation and household resettlement in another area. With proper displacement procedures followed, appropriate Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 5-2 and cost-effective compensation measures undertaken (reconstruction of houses and related facilities before the destruction of affected structures, relocation assistance, etc.), the impact of the project on the affected households will be minimized. Proper time and care to assist communities and households are both crucial elements to minimize the impact on these relocations. Adequate and timely compensation should therefore be given, and new houses of displaced households should be built before construction will begin or any other activities capable of disrupting the PAPs. Where properly managed, the envisaged impacts would be minimal. It is important that a team of professionals managing displacement and compensation measures be established at least one (1) year before the start of construction. This team should include estate surveyors and evaluators, specialists in community development as well as agricultural and social workers who will have the task of assisting affected households and reduce their fears (see Chapter 12 for more details). The definitive number of houses likely to be displaced will be established during the final property and asset evaluation. This procedure must be established at least one (1) year before the start of the infrastructure's construction. 5.2.2 SECONDARY STRUCTURES The socio-economic surveys identified no secondary structures (kitchen, toilet, etc.) that will be affected by the project. The RAP final census will confirm this information (including the final alignment and full wayleave) later in the Project preparation. 5.2.3 COMMUNITY SITES AND STRUCTURES Once again, according to the socio-economic surveys, neither community structures nor community sites or lands are supposed to be affected by the transmission line. This information will also be validated during the RAP final census survey and at the disclosure of cut-of-date. 5.2.4 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND TREES Impacts are permanent under the pylons, as farmers will not be able to use the land beneath the pylons. Even if they will be able to continue cultivating some small-scale crops elsewhere in the wayleave, all PAPs will receive compensations for their cultures and new lands will be found. However, trees over five (5) meters at maturity will be prohibited. 5.3 WOMEN Project impacts on women will primarily be felt during the construction phase. They are related to the fact that women are primarily responsible for field work and crops' production (and as mentioned in section 5.2.4, the construction will have a permanent impact on land). It is represented by a younger group since 17.4% of them are aged between 16 and 35 years old and 31.3% are under 15 years of age. About 34.3% of households (70) are headed by a woman. During the construction and exploitation phases, the project's impacts on gender equality are expected to be mainly related to employment opportunities and land use by women. In the project area, traditional cultural norms play an important role in women and girls' education, paid employment and other benefits. The lost land and subsequent losses of crops (annual and perennial) caused by the project would affect men and women, even if they do not own land. The project will increase the vulnerability and marginalization of women, since that, in general, women are not allowed to own land and are not involved in land-related decision making. This makes women's situation unfavorable since men control resources such as land and other important assets. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 5-3 Due to limited ownership and access to resources, women play a very minor role in the decision- making process. This situation increases the risk for women, as many examples show that men may tend to use compensation for purposes other than those for which they are dedicated (reconstruction, acquisition of land, amounts allocated to the compensation) to leave their families. Therefore it is important to make compensations in kind (i.e. land for land and house for house) rather than a cash compensation or to put in some control and information mechanisms to reduce those risks. 5.4 IMPACTS ON VULNERABLE GROUPS The RPF considers that factors that can make certain households more vulnerable than others are sickness or handicap of the head of household or of a household's member, households headed by woman and household that own only one land parcel that is likely to be impacted by the Project. As mentioned previously, women that are heads of household represent 34.3% (70 households) of the households covered by the focused survey. In addition, 35 heads of household are widowed (and are all women), but none are younger than 18 years. Moreover, the survey also showed that there are five (5) heads of household who are handicapped or chronically ill and three (3) households must take care of one or more of their members that are either handicapped or chronically sick (excluding the HofH). A total of 171 affected households own only one (1) land parcel in the households covered by the focused survey5. Vulnerable people are more likely to experience resettlement with more difficulties than other physically or economically displaced persons. Moving, rebuilding, relocating may take longer due to their abilities. Furthermore, on the economic level, some PAPs may suffer significant impacts on their incomes (e.g. loss of agricultural production or income from trade). Specific mitigation measures, such as prioritizing local people and businesses for job opportunities and procurement, participation of able members of these households to work on their land (cutting, trees, reconstruction, etc.), leaving them the use of cut trees, salvage material from displaced houses or other structures (houses, shelter, etc.), could help these economically vulnerable households increase their revenues. At the same time, some vulnerable people are at greater risk of fraud, theft or threat, especially when compensations are in cash. Compensation distribution can make these people more vulnerable to social and family pressures that would reduce their ability to use the funds. The negative impacts can be mitigated by assuring the collaboration of legitimate leaders and an adequate follow-up with the PAPs regarding compensation distribution and management. As for those households (171 cases) that have only one land parcel and whose land is inside the ROW, the impoverishment risk is high. Each of these PAPs will be helped by EDM who will find the parcels of resettlement for each PAP to comply with World Bank standards. Administrative burden of compensation procedures must be reduced to minimal especially for the vulnerable households giving them timely information, enhanced access that reduces their strain in the compensation process and ultimately minimize incidental costs to them. 5.5 RISKS The risks foreseen for this project are related to the following issues: 1. Compensation and resettlement: Poor management of compensation and reconstruction can create a lot of frustration/conflicts among PAPs and delay the Project. Transparency in compensation schedule and scales, supervision of the process by a witness NGO, rapid creation of the Monitoring and Supervision Technical Committee at the District Level and the grievances mechanisms, early implementation of the RAP are all measures that are proposed here to reduce this risk. See definition of vulnerable groups in section 3.3.1 Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 5-4 2. Encroachments: Some encroachment by opportunists who would like to receive compensation can occur. The village heads and PAPs will have to be sensitized to the cut-off-date (after what no new structures will be allowed in the ROW) during the surveys associated to the RAP and the last stage of the consultation. The rapid implementation of the project will also help to minimize this risk. 3. Workers: In some projects, workers site have attracted people hoping to find a job or small commercial activities to make-shift construction and small camp. The arrival of this population and activities can created some clash with established population and environmental problems (water pollution from refuse and excreta, etc.). These risks are very low since line construction sites keep moving and the existing Matambo substation site is already in town where workers will have access to all the needed services nearby. Nonetheless, it is required that local authorities be sensitized to this risk. Rapid dismantlement of any opportunity of encroachment of the worksite will be organized by local police and all contractors follow a strict "official" recruitment process whereby all workers must present their application through official offices away from the working site (See ESMP). 4. Difficulty for some households to find new parcels: According to the Direc9ao Provincial de Agricultura, the PAP will be able (through family and neighborhood ties) to find a suitable replacement parcel for the loss of parcel under the pylons. Generally, replacement land is considered available in the area. In the case where no parcel is available, an alternative means of livelihood for the PAP must be found. This can imply for example training and other help to develop commercial activities in agricultural transformation or a complete reorientation in a new domain (carpentry, etc.) for the head of households. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-1 6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DESCRIPTION OF AFFECTED AREAS The purpose of the socio-economic study was to collect baseline data within the identified 55m wide proxy thereby enabling the social assessment of the potentially affected populations/communities. An intensive and focused community survey was carried out in a 55m wide proxy corridor in order to gather information on community populations, infrastructure, potential services and workers that could be employed for the project. An inventory of all community assets (infrastructure, cultural, patrimonial and natural sites or activities) within this corridor was completed and each affected element was located using GPS technology. However, this survey provides only an approximate estimate of socio- economic impacts. The actual impacts will be identified when the RAP census is undertaken considering the final alignment and wayleave. A household survey was also carried out to assess the socio-economic profile of the affected households in this 55m wide proxy corridor. The socio-economic baseline survey was conducted as a census of households residing within this corridor. The main elements (cultivated and other lands, structures, houses, etc.) of the impacted households were located using GPS technology. In addition, a socio-economic survey of a control group of households, equivalent in number to 10% of the households identified in the 55m wide proxy corridor, was also conducted. The households for the control group were selected from the households adjacent to the 55m wide proxy corridor. The databases of the two (2) surveys (community and household) are presented in Appendix 3. The following section presents the data gathered on 10 villages that are located in the 55m wide proxy wayleave (Table 6-1). Data related to 204 households in the proxy wayleave and 27 households in the control group - located outside this corridor but within the 2km wide corridor - are presented in section 6.2 (Table 6-2). Table 6-1 Number of Communities Involved in the Project Administrative Post Population Characteristics Ciudade de Tete Chipembere Moatize Z6bu6 Total Number of villages crossed by the corridor 1 1 3 5 10 Number of villages crossed by the corridor 0 0 0 0 0 with a special group Total population in villages crossed by the 8,335 748 989 6,983 17,055 corridor Table 6-2 Number of Households Interviewed by Administrative Post Administrative Post Control Parcel Ciudade de oe btro Chipembere Tete Moatize Z6bue Total Group Number of households 2 1 1 1 1 1 6.1 COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS 6.1.1 DEMOGRAPHICS A total of 10 villages are located in the 55m wide proxy corridor. The population of these villages, as analyzed in this RPF, was estimated at 17,055 inhabitants. None of these villages has special groups (Table 6-1). The main ethnic groups present in the villages crossed by the project are the Nyngu6 (86.6%), Chichewa (10.7%) and Nyanja (2.7%) (Table 6-3). Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-2 Table 6-3 Ethnic Groups in villages located within the proxy wayleave Administrative Post ()Toa Population Characteristics Total Ciudade de Tete Chipembere Moatize Z6bub Nyngu& 100 98.0 100 67.5 86.6 Ethnic Group Chichewa 0 0 0 26.1 10.7 Nyanja 0 2.0 0 6.4 2.7 Notes: 1. Among the three (3) villages of Moatize Administrative post, data for the village of Benga were collected from the representatives of the two (2) districts located in the ROW. 2. Among the five (5) villages of Z6bu& Administrative post, the data for the village of Campirizange were collected from the representatives of the three (3) districts located in the ROW, while the data for the village of Mussacama were collected from representatives of the 11 districts located in the ROW. 3. Four (4) villages did not answer all the questions. The main occupation of the village's population involved in the project is farming, representing about 84.9% of the total population. The proportions of farmers in Chipembere and Moatize are slightly lower (respectively 44.3% and 50.0%) than in other regions (Table 6-4). Table 6-4 Occupations in the villages covered by the proxy wayleave Administrative Post (%)Toa Population Characteristics Total Ciudade de Tete Chipembere Moatize Z6bu6 Farmer 90.0 44.3 50.0 88.0 84.9 Private employee 40.0 2.5 4.1 4.3 21.7 Occupation Self-employed 30.0 22.6 1.0 6.7 18.4 Pastoralist 0 8.5 5 12.0 5.5 Public employee 0 2.5 0 1.1 0.6 Other 0 20 41 4.5 5.1 Notes: 1. The village members may have more than one occupation. So, the total does not equal 100%. 2. Other occupations have not been specified. The village's population involved in the project is mainly Christian (92.6%) - including catholic and protestant (Table 6-5). Table 6-5 Religions in villages located in the proxy wayleave ADMINISTRATIVE POST (%) POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS Ciudade de Chipembere Moatize Z6bub Total Tete Catholic 58-3 0 30-2 62.9 57.1 Protestant 41.7 25.0 21.1 30.2 35.5 Religion Traditional/Ethnic religion/ 0 0 0 0.3 0.1 Animist No religion 0 75.0 38.7 2.8 5.2 Other 0 0 10.0 3.7 2.1 Notes: 1. Four (4) villages did not answered the question about religion. The religion characteristic is calculated from the total number of respondents to this question. 2. The other religions are not specified. 6.1.2 INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES The community survey indicated that there are no tertiary institutions in the villages crossed by the 55m wide proxy corridor. Primary schools are the most common (24), surveyed in 90.0% of the villages. Four (4) secondary schools were also found in the villages of the Z6bub administrative post (Table 6-6). WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-3 Only one (1) PHC is present in the Z6bu6 administrative post, and the population has no hospital. A total of seven (7) markets are located in the villages located in the proxy wayleave, and three (3) trading centers can also be found in the Z6bu6 administrative post. Two (2) administrative buildings are also present in the Moatize administrative post. Half of the villages surveyed have access to water supply infrastructure (50.0%), representing a total of 22 sites. There are also nine (9) machinery or production centres in 40.0% of villages. Five (5) police stations (30.0% of villages) are found in the surveyed area. Furthermore, there is a total of 24 religious sites that were inventoried during the community survey. These ones are all churches. Additionally, 19 heritage or cultural sites were found in the villages surveyed. Table 6-6 Community Infrastructure in the Surveyed Villages Administrative Post (%) Community Infrastructure Cidade de Total Tete Chipembere Moatize Z6bue Number of villages crossed by the wayleave 1 1 3 5 10 Percentage of communities with at least one infrastructure (%) and number of infrastructures (No) % 100 100 66.7 100 90,0 Nbre 1 4 3 16 24 % 0 0 0 40.0 20,0 Schools Secondary N Nbre 0 0 0 4 4 Tertiary % 0 0 0 0 0 Nbne 0 0 0 0 0 % 0 0 0 20.0 10,0 PHCNbre 0 0 0 1 1 Health facility 0 0 0 0 Hospital % 0 0 0 0 0 Nbre 0 0 0 0 0 % 0 0 33.3 40.0 30,0 Market/Trading Nbre 0 0 1 6 7 center % 0 0 0 20.0 10,0 Nbre 0 0 0 3 3 %0 0 0 0 0 Slaughterhouse N 0 0 0 0 0 Nbne 0 0 0 0 0 Administrative buildings e 0 0 2 0 2 Nbre 0 0 2 0 2 % 0 100 100 60.0 70,0 Nbre 0 3 4 17 24 Religious sites % 0 0 0 0 0 Nbre 0 0 0 0 0 % 100 100 100 80.0 90.0 Heritage or cultural site Nbne 2 3 9 5 19 %0 100 33,3 40.0 40.0 Machinery/Production centre r 0 1 2 6 9 Nbre 0 1 2 6 9 Water supply facilities 0 100 33,3 60.0 50.0 Nbre 0 3 2 17 22 % 0 0 0 0 0 Lodging facilities Nbre 0 0 0 0 0 % 0 100 0 40.0 30.0 Police center Nbre 0 1 0 4 5 Note: 66.7% of the villages of Moatize have at least one (1) primary school. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-4 It is anticipated that the project will not alter community lifestyle since neither structure nor sites will be impacted by the transmission line. Table 6-7 shows the distribution of artisanal skills across the surveyed villages. The composition shows masons (90.0%), carpenters (80.0%), truck drivers (40.0%) and mechanics (40.6%), heavy machinery operators (20.0%) and experienced pylon assembler (10.0%), workers that could be employed during the project. Transportation workers are also easily found in the study area. It is envisaged that other workers could continue with their work lives during and after the project's implementation without consequence and that some could find temporary jobs as the project is realized. Table 6-7 Workforce in the Surveyed Villages Workforce Administrative Post (%)Total Cidade De Tete Chipembere Moatize Z6bub Experienced pylon assembler 0 100 0 0 10.0 Carpenter 0 100 100 80.0 80.0 Welder 0 100 0 20.0 20.0 Electrician 0 100 0 0 10.0 Truck driver 0 100 0 60.0 40.0 Taxi (car, tricycle, motorcycle) 0 100 33.3 40.0 40.0 Heavy machinery operator (shovel 0 100 0 20.0 20.0 operator, caterpillar, etc.) Mechanic 0 100 0 20.0 20.0 Mason 100 100 100 80.0 90.0 Painter 0 100 0 20.0 20.0 Chainsaw operator 0 100 0 20.0 20.0 Commercial Farm workers 100 100 0 60.0 50.0 Other workforce 0 100 0 0 10.0 Number of village 1 1 3 5 10 Note: % means the proportion of village that have the type of workforce. For example, 80% of the villages crossed by the project in Z6bue administrative post have at least one (1) carpenter among their workforce. Table 6-8 presents the composition of services available within the surveyed villages. These will be positively impacted and it will be helpful for the population if local building material needs are sourced from these communities. Materials such as sand, stones, cement and wood, petrol for machinery, and services (food, lodging) for the construction work can be bought in the villages when the project is being executed. Table 6-8 Services Provided in the Surveyed Villages Administrative Post (%)Tol Cidade De Tete Chipembere Moatize Z6bu6 Bus/minibus 0 100 0 0 10.0 Mechanical (dealers, repairs, etc.) 0 0 0 0 0 Gas/petroleum products (sales, storage, 0 0 0 0 0 etc.) Heavy machinery (crane, bulldozer, 0 0 0 0 0 excavator, etc.) Materials (wood, stone, sand, cement, etc.) 100 0 0 20.0 20.0 Food eating place 0 0 0 20.0 10.0 Rest house (hotel, lodge) 0 0 0 0 0 Logging companies 0 0 0 20.0 10.0 Bank/Mobile money 0 100 0.0 0 10.0 Post office 0 0 0 0 0 Security company 0 0 0 0 0 WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-5 Administrative Post (%)To Cidade De Tete Chipembere Moatize Z6bu6 Number of villages 1 1 3 5 10 Note: % means the proportion of villages that have a certain type of service. For example, 20% of the villages crossed by the project in Z6bue administrative post have at least one (1) material store where wood, stone, sand, cement, etc. can be found. 6.1.3 AFFECTED COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND SITES No community structure or site is affected in the surveyed area. A cemetery as well as a school are located near the surveyed area, but they are not impacted in terms of resettlement. 6.2 HOUSEHOLDS CHARACTERISTICS 6.2.1 HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD The socio-economic survey was found a total of 204 households living in the proxy wayleave where the survey was conducted (excluding the hamlet located near the Matambo substation6) and 27 non- affected household members of the control group that represents approximately 10% of all households in the proxy wayleave. The heads of household in the surveyed area are predominantly men (65.7%), while 34.3% of heads of households are women (Table 6-9). Most heads of households were married (monogamous 33.8%, polygamous 9.8%) while a large proportion (27.0%) was single. The values obtained from the control group from the wider survey area show similar trends, where 51.8% were married and 29.6% single. A clear majority (90.2%) of heads of households are farmers. This occupation is also the most popular among the households of the control group although to a lower extent (96.3%). About 41.7% of heads of household in the proxy wayleave do not practice any religion while 21.6% are Protestant and 19.1% are Catholic. The religious portrait is similar among the heads of household of the control group, where the majority are not related to any religion (37.0%). The majority (38.2%) of the heads of households in the proxy wayleave surveyed area have not attended primary school. However, 36.3% have attended primary school, while an additional 7.4% of them have also attended secondary school. A total of 40.7% of the control group heads of household have no formal education, but 40.7% are educated at either the primary level. Only 7.4% of them have attended secondary school. Generally, about 39.2% of the heads of households followed an informal education program (adult education, vocation, etc.). The proportion is quite the same among the households of the control group (37.0%). The heads of household in the surveyed area are mainly Nyngu6 (77.5%) and Chichewa (21.1%). The heads of household of the control group are mainly the same: Nyngu6 (77.8%) and Chichewa (22.2%). 6 Finally, due to the extension of the substation, it was decided that this hamlet could not remain there because people will be continually disrupted by the work. The 17 households have been integrated to the inventory only. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-6 Table 6-9 Heads of Household Characteristics Administrative Post (%)Control Sociodemographic Characteristics Cidade Chipembere de Tete Moatize Z6bub Total Group Gender Male 100 0 57.7 67.0 65.7 81.5 Female 0 100 42.3 33.0 34.3 18.5 Married-Monogamous 100 0 11.5 36.9 33.8 33.3 Single 0 0 38.5 25.6 27.0 29.6 Widowed 0 100 15.4 17.0 17.2 11.1 Marital status Married-Polygamous 0 0 11.5 9.7 9.8 18.5 Divorced/Separated 0 0 19.2 7.4 8.8 3.7 Married-Not specified 0 0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.7 No response 0 0 0 0 0 0 Farmer 100 100 92.3 89.8 90.2 96.3 Self-employed 0 0 0 2.3 2.0 0 Main occupation Private employee 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Public employee 0 0 0 1.7 1.5 0 Other 0 0 3.8 5.7 5.4 3.7 Do not know 0 0 3.8 0 0.5 0 Do not practice any religion 0 0 69.2 38.1 41.7 37.0 Catholic 0 100 3.8 21.0 19.1 18.5 Protestant (including 0 0 3.8 24.4 21.6 25.9 Religion Evangelical) Zionist / Zion 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 7.4 Other 0 0 15.4 13.6 13.7 3.7 Do not know 100 0 7.7 2.3 3.4 7.4 No formal education 0 100 23.1 40.3 38.2 40.7 Primary 0 0 46.2 35.2 36.3 40.7 Formal education Secondary 0 0 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.4 Tertiary 0 0 0 5.1 4.4 0 Do not know 100 0 23.1 11.9 13.7 11.1 No informal education 100 100 57.7 59.1 59.3 51.9 Adult education 0 0 30.8 29.0 28.9 33.3 Technical / Vocational training 0 0 3.8 6.3 5.9 0 Informal education Koranic school 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 Other 0 0 3-8 4-5 4-4 0 Do not know 0 0 3.8 1.1 1.5 11.1 Nyngue 100 100 100 73.9 77.5 77.8 Ethnic group Chichewa 0 0 0 24.4 21.1 22.2 Nyanja 0 0 0 1.7 1.5 0 Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations above. 6.2.2 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION The members of the households in the surveyed area are young. About 45.1% are between 5 and 15 years old and 27.4% are between 16 and 35 years old. Moreover, around 15.8% of the members are between 0 and 4 years old. The proportion of older members (55 years old or older) is small 0.8% (Table 6-10). Females (57.2%) are present in a higher proportion than males (42.8%), a trend also seen in the control group. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-7 Table 6-10 Age and Gender Distribution of Households Administrative Post ()Control Age Gender Cidade Chipembere de Tete Moatize Z6bub Total Group Male 14.3 0 6.3 7.9 7.7 7.1 0 - 4 years old Female 0 0 15.9 7.2 8.1 12.2 Total 14.3 0 22.2 15.1 15.8 19.4 Male 42.9 33.3 22.2 21.4 21.9 28.6 5 - 15 years old Female 14.3 33.3 27.0 22.8 23.2 29.6 Total 57.1 66.7 49.2 44.2 45.1 58.2 Male 0 0 14.3 9.6 10.0 10.2 16 - 35 years old Female 14.3 33.3 7.9 18.6 17.4 6.1 Total 14.3 33.3 22.2 28.2 27.4 16.3 Male 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0 36 - 54 years old Female 14.3 0 6.3 4.4 4.7 5.1 Total 14.3 0 6.3 4.8 5.1 5.1 Male 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 55 years old and up Female 0 0 0 0.7 0.6 0 Total 0 0 0 0.9 0.8 0 Male 0 0 0 3.1 2.6 0 No response Female 0 0 0 3.7 3.2 1.0 Total 0 0 0 6.8 5.8 1.0 Male 57.1 33.3 42.9 42.7 42.8 45.9 Total Female 42.9 66.7 57.1 57.3 57.2 54.1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number of members of households 7 3 63 457 530 98 Notes: 1. The data distribution by age groups exclude the head of households. 2. The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Most of members aged between 16 and 35 years old have attended the primary school, except in Cidade de Tete where all the member of this age category have attended the secondary school. However, all members aged between 36 and 54 years old have only frequented a primary school. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-8 Table 6-11 Age and Education Level Distribution of Households Administrative Post (%) Control Age Sex Cidade Chipembere dedTeteMoatize Z6bu6 Total Group de Tete Primary School 0 0 9.5 3.9 4.5 4.1 0 - 4 years old Do not know 14.3 0 12.7 11.2 11.3 15.3 Total 14.3 0 22.2 15.1 15.8 19.4 Primary school 57.1 33.3 46.0 40.5 41.3 54.1 Secondary school 0 33.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 5 - 15 years old Tertiary school 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 University 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.0 Total 57.1 66.7 49.2 44.2 45.1 58.2 Primary school 14.3 0 15.9 17.1 16.8 12.2 Secondary school 0 33.3 6.3 10.7 10.2 4.1 16 - 35years oldy Tertiary school 0 0 0 0 0.4 0 Total 14.3 33.3 22.2 28.2 27.4 16.3 Primary school 14.3 0 6.3 4.8 5.1 5.1 36 - 54 years old Piaysho Total 14.3 0 6.3 4.8 5.1 5.1 55 years old and Primary school 0 0 0 0.9 0.8 0 up Total 0 0 0 0.9 0.8 0 Primary school 0 0 0 5.0 4.3 1.0 No response Secondary school 0 0 0 1.8 1.5 0 Total 0 0 0 6.8 5.8 1.0 Primary school 85.7 33.3 77.8 72.2 72.8 76.5 Secondary school 0 66.7 9.5 15.8 15.1 7.1 Total Tertiary school 0 0 0 0.7 0.6 0 University 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 1.0 Do not know 14.3 0 12.7 11.2 11.3 15.3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number of members of households 7 3 63 457 530 98 Notes: 1. The data distribution by age groups exclude the head of households. 2. The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. 6.2.3 INCOME AND PROPERTY The land holding characteristics are constant among the people from different traditional authorities, ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 parcels on average. The average land parcel areas vary from 3,360 m2 to 23,043 m2 on average by traditional authority (Table 6-12). The control group has an average of one (1) land parcel per household with an area of 1,052 m per parcel - which is considerably lower than the surveyed households. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-9 Table 6-12 Land Parcels Characteristics Administrative Post (%)Control Parcel Cidade Chipembere dedTeteMoatize Z6bu6 Total Group de Tete Average land parcel per household 2 1 1 1 1 1 Average land parcel area (M2) 3,360 23,043 6,015 7,884 8,000 1,052 Land parcels' characteristics Farm 50.0 100 77.8 95.5 93.0 7.4 House / store 50.0 0 22.2 6.0 8.3 96.3 Uses Uncultivated (excluding 0 0 fallow) 0 0.5 0.4 0 fallow) Savana / natural bush 0 100 0 0 0.4 0 Customary law 50.0 0 77.8 52.3 55.0 74.1 Bought 50.0 100 11.1 14.1 14.4 7.4 Leasehold / Certificate of 0 0 0 14.1 12.2 0 Ownership/land ownership00 0 141 2. 0 use right owesi Borrowed 0 0 0 3.5 3.1 3.7 Rented 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 Other form of tenure 0 0 11.1 17.1 16.2 11.1 Number of land parcels 2 1 27 199 229 27 Notes: 1. Multiple uses are possible on the same land parcel. 2. The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Additionally, as is usually the case with agrarian societies, 93.0% of land parcels used by surveyed households are, among other things, used for crop growing. An additional 8.3% is allocated to houses and stores, 0.4% to uncultivated land and 0.4% to savanna and/or natural bush. Concerning the ownership of the parcels used, about 55.0% of the lands used (affected or not) by the household interviewed are customary lands. People who own or have a certificate of ownership/leasehold account for 12.2%. A higher prevalence of land parcels under customary law is observed among the households of the control group (74.1% of the lands used by them). As shown in Table 6-13, the main seasonal crop farmed by the PAPs is maize, as 42.2% of all households grow it. From this group, 15.1% of them sell some of their produce at the local market. The average quantity of maize produced per household is 10 bags. Other annual crops cultivated include: cowpeas (26.0%), sorghum (11.3%), groundnuts (6.9%) and millet (3.9%). Crop distribution between the control group and the surveyed households is comparable. As for permanent crops, the main ones harvested by surveyed households are mangos (4.4%) and bananas (1.0%). The average quantities that are produced are 16 baskets of mangoes and eight (8) bunches of bananas. A total of 10.8% of surveyed households have chicken (poultry) and 4.9% have pigs. Only 3.4% of the surveyed households have cows, with an average of 255 cows possessed (Table 6-14). Table 6-15 shows the secondary sources of income of the surveyed households apart from agriculture and livestock breeding. In a rural setting, it is anticipated that most households would engage in more than one job to boost their income, varying work activities with the seasons, level of acquired skills and the relative size of household farmland holdings. As the table shows, salary (official job) is a source of income for 3.4% of households and 2.9% undertake incomes from the charcoal production. The main items owned by households are listed in Table 6-16. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-10 As for primary housing residences of the surveyed households, the main materials for their walls are: mud (55.9%) and burnt bricks (28.4%). The predominant roof materials of these structures is thatch (48.0%) and grass (26.5%). The main residences of households in the control group share comparable characteristics. Most of the houses (89.2%) have floors of earth/sand/dirt and straw (Table 6-17). Table 6-18 indicates that the dominant energy source for cooking by the households of the project area is firewood (biomass): 99.5% of surveyed households and 100% of households of the control group use this source. A great number of households (86.8%) also use torches to provide light. This situation is quite similar with the control group, where 81.5% of them also use this type of energy. Wood is the second most important source of lighting (11.8% of surveyed households). As for the expenses incurred to cook and light by household, most households can cook without spending anything (91.7%). The remainder 6.4% spend on average per month less than 50 Mt (Table 6-20). Lighting is more likely to require funds since 18.1% of surveyed households spend less than 50 Mt, while 13.2% spend nothing. The water sources that supply the households with drinking water during the dry season are almost identical to the ones used in the wet season. Indeed, 53.9% of affected households use rivers and lakes, while 66.7% of households in the control group use these sources. The average time traveled by household to fetch water is 30 minutes, 37 minutes in the control group. Table 6-13 Agriculture Production - Annual and Permanent Crops Administrative Post (%) Control Crops Cidade de Chipembere Tee Moatize Z6bue Total Group Tete Producers 0 0 38.5 43.2 42.2 11.1 Maize Sellers 0 0 0 17.1 15.1 33.3 Average quantity 0 0 9 10 10 15 produced (bags) Producers 0 0 15.4 10.8 11.3 7.4 Sorghum Sellers 0 0 0 5.3 4.3 0 Average quantity 0 0 12 15 14 5 produced (bags) Producers 0 0 7.7 3.4 3.9 0 Millet Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 2 5 4 0 produced (bags) Producers 0 100 7.7 28.4 26.0 7.4 Cowpeas Sellers 0 100 50.0 86.0 84.9 100 Average quantity 0 20 5 17 17 28 produced (bags) Producers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sweet potato Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 0 0 0 produced (bags) Producers 0 0 3.8 7.4 6.9 0 Groundnuts Sellers 0 0 0 23.1 21.4 0 Average quantity 0 0 5 5 5 0 produced (bags) WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-11 Table 6-13 Agriculture Production - Annual and Permanent Crops (cont'd) Administrative Post (%) Control Crops Chipembere Cidade de Moatize Z6bub Total Group Tete Producers 0 0 3.8 2.3 2.5 0 Pumpkin Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 2 18 15 0 produced (number) Producers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cabbage Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 0 0 0 produced (number) Producers 0 0 0 2.3 2.0 0 Cucumber Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 15 15 0 produced (number) Producers 0 0 0 5.1 4.4 7.4 Mango Sellers 0 0 0 22.2 22.2 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 16 16 4 produced (basket) Producers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orange Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 0 0 0 produced (basket) Producers 0 0 0 1.1 1.0 0 Banana Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 8 8 0 produced (bunch) Producers 0 0 0 0.6 0 0 Papaya Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 5 5 0 produced (basket) Producers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Avocado Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 0 0 0 produced (basket) Producers 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Beans Sellers 0 0 0 100 100 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 3 3 0 produced (bags) Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Notes: 1. Percentage of producers is calculated from the total number of household. 2. Percentage of sellers is calculated from the total number of producers. 3. The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-12 Table 6-14 Livestock Production Administrative Post (%)Control Livestock Cidade Chipembere dedTeteMoatize Z6bu6 Total group de Tete Stockbreeder 0 0 15.4 1.7 3.4 3.7 Cow Sellers 0 0.0 25.0 33.3 28.6 0 Average quantity 0 0 439 9 255 1 possessed Stockbreeder 100 0 15.4 2.8 4.9 14.8 Pig Sellers 0 0.0 0 40.0 20.0 25.0 Average quantity 2 0 3 5 4 3 possessed Stockbreeder 100 0 23.1 8.5 10.8 14.8 Chicken Sellers 0 0.0 33.3 13.3 18.2 0 (poultry) Average quantity 2 0 7 9 8 4 possessed Stockbreeder 0 0 26.9 7.4 9.8 11.1 Goat Sellers 0 0.0 14.3 15.4 15.0 33.3 Average quantity 0 0 4 4 4 6 possessed Stockbreeder 0 0 0 0 0 0 Donkey Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 0 0 0 possessed Stockbreeder 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sheep Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 0 0 0 possessed Stockbreeder 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Ram Sellers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Average quantity 0 0 0 10 10 0 possessed Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Notes: 1 The percentage of stockbreeders is calculated from the total number of households. 2 The percentage of sellers is calculated from the total number of stockbreeders. 3 The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-13 Table 6-15 Secondary Sources of Income Administrative Post (%)Control Activity Cidade Chipembere de Tete Moatize Z6bu6 Total Group Household having 0 0 3.8 0 0.5 0 practiced Fishing Household having declared a source of 0 0 0 0 0 0 income Household having 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 practiced Hunting Household having declared a source of 0 0 0 0 0 0 income Household having 0 0 3.8 2.8 2.9 7,4 produce Charcoal Household having declared a source of 0 0 100 100 100 100 income Household having 0 0 3.8 1.1 1.5 3,7 collected Collect wood Household having declared a source of 0 0 100 100 100 100 income Household having 100 0 0 1.7 2.0 0 Bricks produce production Household having declared a source of 100 0 0 100 100 0 income Household having declared a source of income from: Business 0 0 3.8 0.6 1.0 0 Pension 0 0 0 2.3 2.0 3,7 Money transfer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Others Renting (land, house, 0 0 0 0 0 0 etc.) Salary (official) 0 0 3.8 3.4 3.4 7,4 Odd or casual job 100 0 3.8 1.7 2.5 3,7 Other sources 0 0 7.7 10.2 9.8 3,7 Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected 18 1 26 176 221 27 households Notes: 1. The percentage of households is calculated from the total number of households. 2. The percentage of household having declared a source of income is calculated from the total number of household who practice the activity. 3. The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-14 Table 6-16 Property of Households Administrative Post (%) Control Household Facilities Chipembere Cidade de Tete Moatize Z6bu6 Total Group Power generator 0.0 0.0 4 1 1.5 0 Gas stove I kerosene 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 Refrigerator 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 0.0 Television 0.0 0.0 7.7 3 3.9 3.7 Radio / cassette / music system 100.0 100.0 46.2 35 36.8 63.0 Telephone / cellular 100.0 100.0 42.3 36 37.7 33.3 Computer 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 0 Car / truck 0 0.0 0 1 0.5 0 Motorbike 0.0 0.0 15.4 6 7.4 4 Bicycle 100.0 100.0 61.5 35 39.2 48.1 Plow 0 0 4 0 0.5 0 Cart 0 0 4 1 1.0 0 House in town 0.0 0.0 3.8 2 2.5 0 Land in town 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 0 Number of interviewed 1 26 176 204 27 households Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected 18 1 26 176 221 27 households Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Table 6-17 Characteristics of Main Residence Administrative Post (%) Control Material Cidade Chipembere dedTete Moatize Z6bub Total Group de Tete Thatch 0 0 30.8 51.1 48.0 44.4 Corrugated Iron Sheets 100 100 30.8 22.7 24.5 25.9 Roof Grass 0 0 30.8 26.1 26.5 25.9 Plastic canvas 0 0 7.7 0 1.0 3.7 Wood and mud 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mud 0 0 69.2 54.5 55.9 55.6 Burnt bricks 0 100 15.4 30.1 28.4 18.5 Mud bricks 100 0 11.5 10.2 10.8 25.9 Walls Plain mud 0 0 0 2.3 2.0 0 Unburned bricks 0 0 0 2.3 2.0 0 Concrete 0 0 3.8 0 0.5 0 Compacted 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Earth I sand / dirt /straw 100 100 76.9 90.9 89.2 96.3 Smooth cement 0 0 19.2 6.3 7.8 3.7 Floor Smoothed mud 0 0 3.8 1.7 2.0 0 Wood / planks 0 0 0 1.1 1.0 0 Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-15 Table 6-18 Household Energy and Water Sources Administrative Post (%)Control Source Cidade de Chipembere Tee Moatize Z6bu6 Total Group Tete Firewood 100 100 100 99.4 99.5 100 Energy for cooking Charcoal 100 0 3.8 0.6 1.5 7.4 Flashlight 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Torch 100 100 73.1 88.6 86.8 81.5 Wood 0 0 26.9 9.7 11.8 14.8 Energy for Candles 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 lightning Generator 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Electricity (EDM) 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Solar panel 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 River / lake 0 0 96.2 48.3 53.9 66.7 Hole /fountain 0 100 0 30.7 27.0 3.7 Community well 100 0 3.8 19.3 17.6 29.6 Drinking water: dry Borehole 0 0 0 1.7 1.5 0 season Mean distance between the main 30 20 36 29 30 37 source and the house (km) River /lake 0 0 96.2 50.0 55.4 66.7 Hole/fountain 0 100 0 29.0 25.5 3.7 Community well 100 0 3.8 19.9 18.1 29.6 Drinking water: Borehole 0 0 0 1.1 1.0 0 wet season Mean distance between the main 30 20 36 29 30 37 source and the house (km) Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Notes: 1. Some households have mentioned more than one (1) source of energy for cooking. 2. The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-16 Table 6-19 Amount Spent for Cooking and Lighting Administrative Post (%)Cotl Amount Spend Per Month for Cooking iaControl / Lighting Chipembere Cidade Moatize Z6bub Total Group de Tete Less than 50 Mt 0 100 0 6.8 6.4 0 Between 50 and 100 Mt 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Energy for Between 100 and 200 Mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 cooking Between 200 and 300 Mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 More than 300 Mt 100 0 3.8 0.6 1.5 7.4 Nothing 0 0 96.2 92.0 91.7 92.6 Less than 50 Mt 0 100 3.8 19.9 18.1 3.7 Between 50 and 100 Mt 0 0 3.8 11.4 10.3 11.1 Energy for Between 100 and 200 Mt 0 0 15.4 10.2 10.8 7.4 lightning Between 200 and 300 Mt 0 0 34.6 37.5 36.8 48.1 More than 300 Mt 100 0 15.4 9.7 10.8 14.8 Nothing 0 0 26.9 11.4 13.2 14.8 Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Table 6-20 Frequency of Drinking Water Fetches Administrative Post ()Control Frequency To Fetch Water Chipembere Cidade Moatize Z6bud Total Group de Tete Once a week 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 Two or three times per week 0 0 0 2.8 2.5 0 Drinking water: Three or four times per week 0 0 53.8 27.3 30.4 33.3 dry season Five or six times per week 0 0 7.7 1.1 2.0 0 Everyday 100 100 38.5 68.2 64.7 66.7 Once a week 0 0 0 0 0 0 Two or three times per week 0 0 0 2.8 2.5 0 Drinking water: Three or four times per week 0 0 53.8 29.0 31.9 33.3 wet season Five or six times per week 0 0 7.7 0.6 1.5 0 Everyday 100 100 38.5 67.6 64.2 66.7 Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. 6.2.4 VULNERABLE PAPS As Table 6-21 shows, the factors that can make certain households more vulnerable than others are sickness or disability of a household's family member (8 surveyed households), households headed by woman (70 affected households) and household that own only one land parcel that is likely to be impacted by the project (171 affected households). The main cause of disease or handicap identified by households is malaria (67.7% of households included in the category). There are no children head of surveyed households. All the heads of household that are widowed are also women (100.0%). WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-17 Table 6-21 Household Vulnerability Administrative Post (No) Control Vulnerability Cidade de Chipembere Tee Moatize Z6bu6 Total Group Tete Female 0 1 11 58 70 5 Widowed 0 1 4 30 35 3 Child 0 0 0 0 0 0 Handicapped or chronically sick 0 0 1 4 5 1 Number of household with at least handicapped or chronically sick 0 0 1 2 3 0 member Number of household that use only one land parcel who it is inside the 0 0 20 151 171 0 ROW Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 27 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected households 18 1 26 176 221 27 Notes: 1 The majority of the heads of household registered in the 'Widowed" category are also registered in the "Female" category. 2 The "Child" category includes heads of household aged 18 years old or under. 3 The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Professional medical care is generally favoured by surveyed households over traditional medicine (95.6%). However, access can be demanding since 59.3% of households will need to walk for one (1) to two (2) hours or for 22.5% of them for over two (2) hours. Almost all households travel to the hospitals (Changara, Ciudad de Tete and Moatize) for care (99.5%). Table 6-22 presents the number of meals eaten by households and their composition. Generally, households need to complement their food needs by purchasing extra goods (77.9% of surveyed households, 88.9% in the control groups). They do not eat much meat (72.1%, 0 times per week) nor fish (72.1%, 0 times per week). Households that consume these products usually do so once a week (respectively 14.2% and 17.2% of them). Additionally, most households (66.9%) consume three (3) meals per day (75.0%), while 24.0% eat two (2). Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-18 Table 6-22 Food Consumption Administrative Post (%)Control Food Consumption Chipembere Cidade de Moatize Z6bu6 Total Group Tete 1 meal 0 0 3.8 0.6 1.0 0 Meals per day 2 meals 0 0 0 27.8 24.0 14.8 3 meals 100 100 96.2 71.6 75.0 85.2 0 time 100 0 73.1 72.2 72.1 81.5 1 time 0 0 3.8 15.9 14.2 0 2 times 0 100 19.2 5.1 7.4 14.8 Meat 3 times 0 0 3.8 1.7 2.0 0 consumption in the last week 4 times 0 0 0 1.7 1.5 0 5 times 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 times 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 times 0 0 0 3.4 2.9 3.7 0 time 0 0 73.1 72.7 72.1 88.9 1 time 100 0 15.4 17.0 17.2 7.4 2 times 0 100 11.5 4.0 5.4 0 Fish consumption 3 times 0 0 0 1.1 1.0 3.7 in the last week 4 times 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 5 times 0 0 0 0.6 0.5 0 6 times 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 times 0 0 0 4.0 3.4 0 Never 0 0 0 1.7 1.5 0 Satisfaction of Seldom 0 0 46.2 34.7 35.8 33.3 food needs of the Sometimes 0 0 15.4 10.2 10.8 3.7 household Often 0 100 0 21.6 19.1 11.1 Always 100 0 38.5 31.8 32.8 51.9 Buying food to Yes 100 100 92.3 75.6 77.9 88.9 satisfy household needs No 0 0 7.7 24.4 22.1 11.1 Number of interviewed 1 1 26 176 204 27 households Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 0 Total number of affected 18 1 26 176 221 27 households Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. 6.3 ASSETS IN THE AREA 6.3.1 STRUCTURES From the socio-economic survey undertaken, the structures can be categorized into as primary or secondary houses in nature. Table 6-23 presents the number of primary structures in the surveyed area. These are all houses. A total of 40 houses are located in the proxy wayleave. These homes are all precarious. The walls are constituted of reeds or masticated sticks (19), blocks of unplastered concrete (2), bamboo or sticks to be burned (1) or cob wall and clay (1). The roofs are generally made of grass (21) or tin plates (2), while the floors are made of clay (23). There are no secondary structures or commercial structures located in the surveyed area. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report 6-19 Table 6-23 Primary Structures located in the surveyed area Administrative Post (No) Primary Structures Cidade de Chipembere Tete Moatize Z6bue Total Type of structures Precarious house 18 1 6 15 40 Mean to obtain the main structure Built 18 1 6 15 40 Wall materials* Reeds or masticated sticks 0 0 6 13 19 Bamboo or sticks to be burned 0 0 0 1 1 Cob wall and clay 1 0 0 0 1 Unplastered concrete blocks 0 1 0 1 2 Roof materials* Grass 0 1 6 14 21 Tin plates 1 0 0 1 2 Floor materials* Clay 1 1 6 15 23 Acceptable to move the building No response 18 1 6 15 40 Number of primary structures 18 1 6 15 40 Number of household with primary 18 1 6 15 40 structure Number of interviewed households 18 1 26 176 221 (*) Note: The materials of 17 structures are unknown. These structures form the hamlet near the Matambo substation and have not been part of the socioeconomic survey, because they were not located in the wayleave. After considerations, the client decided to include them in the RPF. 6.3.2 PARCELS According to the socio-economic survey, the 204 impacted households have a total of 492,891 m2 Of agricultural land affected by the project - belonging to 190 households (Table 6-24). Table 6-24 Land Parcels in the surveyed area Administrative Post (M2) Agricultural Land Ciudade de Chipembere Tete Moatize Z6bue Total Agricultural land 0 0 43,846 410,707 454,553 Fallow 0 0 9,929 28,410 38,339 Total agricultural land 0 0 53,774 439,117 492,891 Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. 6.3.3 CROPS AND TREES The households located in the surveyed area have a total of 454,553 m2 of agriculture land (Table 6- 25). More than half of the total area is used for maize cultivation (53.8%). Other cultures found include among others: cowpeas, sorghum, beans and cassava. Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. WSP Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project Project No.: 161-07023-00 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report July 2019 6-20 Table 6-25 Crops in the surveyed area Administrative Post (m2) Crop Type Chipembere Cidade de Moatize Z6bu6 Total Tete Maize 0 0 30,026 214,587 244,612 Sorghum 0 0 3,900 33,708 37,608 Millet 0 0 1,900 7,127 9,027 Cowpeas 0 0 2,927 71,010 73,938 Sweet potato 0 0 303 14,239 14,542 Peanut 0 0 1,501 13,110 14,611 Pumpkin 0 0 613 8,361 8,974 Cabbage 0 0 0 348 348 Beans 0 0 1,338 24,108 25,446 Cassava 0 0 1,338 24,108 25,446 Area of crops (m) 0 0 43,846 410,707 454,553 Number of household with crops 0 0 21 169 190 Number of interviewed households 1 1 26 176 204 Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 Total number of affected 18 1 26 176 221 households Note: 1. Among the households that have crops in the surveyed area, 24 also have fallow lands (five (5) in Moatize and 19 in Z6bu6). 2. The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. Additionally, 16 households have at least one (1) tree in the surveyed area. There are 179 trees in total. The most frequent ones include: mango tree, banana tree, papaya tree, orange tree, lemon tree and massana tree (Table 6-26). Table 6-26 Trees in the surveyed area Administrative Post (No) Tree Type Chipembere Cidade de Moatize Z6bud Total Tete Mango tree 0 0 0 102 102 Banana tree 0 0 0 58 58 Papaya tree 0 0 0 10 10 Orange tree 0 0 0 5 5 Lemon tree 0 0 0 2 2 Massanatree 0 0 2 0 2 Number of trees 0 0 2 177 179 Number of households with 0 0 1 15 16 trees Number of interviewed 1 1 26 176 204 households Non-interviewed households 17 0 0 0 17 Total number of affected 18 26 176 221 households Note: The 17 households of the hamlet located near the Matambo substation are not part of the socioeconomic survey. See explanations in section 6.2.1. WSP Electricidade de Mogambique, E.P. Project No.: 161-07023-00 Mozambique-Malawi 400 KV Interconnection Project July 2019 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report