Report No. 376-FIJ Current Economic Position and Prospects of Fiji (In Two Volumes) Volume 11: Annex I-A Review of Agricultural Development Annex 11-Statistical Appendix March 27, 1974 East Asia and Pacific Department Asia Region Not for Public Use Document of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association rhis report was prepared for official LISe only by the Bank Group. It may not be published, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or *ompleteness of the report. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of December 1973) US$1.00 F$ 0.8092 F$ 1,000 US$1,236 F$ 1 million US$1,235,790 FISCAL YEAR In Fiji the Fiscal Year covers be January I to December 31. This report is based on the findings of an Economic Mission which visited Fiji from July 9 to 28, 1973. Its members were: Russell J. Cheetham Chief of Mission Kevin Young General Economist Reginald Spooner Agricultural Specialist Assistance in preparing statistical materials was provided by Mrs. F. Ledesma. CURRENT ECONOMIC POSITION AND PROSPECTS OF FIJI ANNEX I - A REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Page No. I. AN OVFRVIEW ....................... 1 A. INTRODUCTION .I B. L.ND USE AND OWNERSHIP. 2 II. AGRICULTURE ... ................................. 4 A. THE EXPORT CROPS. 4 B. DOMESTIC FOOD CROPS. 9 C. ANIMAL INDUSTRIES .10 111. FISHERIES AND FORESTS .16 A. FISHERIES .16 B. FORESTRY .17 IV. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE SECTOR. 19 A. RURAL CREDIT .19 B. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FORESTS .19 C. OTIER INSTITUTIONS. 21 V. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS . .22 ANNEX I Page 1 A. Introduction 1. The Fiji economy has traditionally relied upon agriculture, with sugar and copra the main sources of cash income, supplemented by a large subsistence economy. As the main report indicates, however, Fiji has undergone a major transformation in the past decade, shifting awav from a predominantly rural-agricultural economy to one in which the provision of services is the dominant form of economv activity. In the face of a dynamic service sector concentrated in urban areas, the agricultural sector has had increasing difficulty in attracting the resources needed to raise labor and land productivity. This has hastened the flow of people to urban areas. Agricultural production has stagnated and this has contributed to a growing demand for imports and to domestic inflation. Despite the flow of people to towns , the income and productivity gap between agriculture and the rest of the economy has increased. 2. The agriculture, fisheries and forests sector contributed 25 percent of GDP in 1972, compared with more than 40 percent a decade ago. Principal agricultural exports in that year totalled F$ 38 million (85 percent of domestic exports) including sugar (F$ 34 million) and coconut oil (F$ 2.6 million). In 1973 agriculture supported some 60 percent of the population in part or whole, and employed about 79,000 or almost half of the labour force. 3. Sugar cane is the most important commercial crop in Fiji. It accounts for 40 percent of agricultural output. Sugar is grown mainly by Indians in alluvial areas of western Viti Levu and northern Vanua Levu. Coconuts are grown mainly by Fijians in the coastal areas and to a lesser extent in the interior of Vanua Levu aiad the outer islands, particularly Taveuni. There is a small but potentially important livestock and dairy industry supplying internal markets in the wet zones of Viti Levu. Rice is also grown on Viti Levu as well as in Vanua Levu. Fijian subsistence agriculture accounts for about 40 percent of total agricultural output and employs about 30,000 people. It tends to be found in the interior and on land not already occupied by cane and coconuts. 4. Inshore sea fishing is traditional amongst Fijians. During the last five years sales of fish have risen steadily following increased assistance with marketing and modern technology from the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Agriculture. The national forests are an important resource in Fiji. Mahogany is exported as sawn timber and veneer and is also used internally. The quick growing softwood Pinus caribaea is now being planted on a large scale for future export. 5. About four-fifths of indigenous Fijians live in their ancestral village communities of 100-200 inhabitants. Many are engaged in subsistence cultivation , mainly of root crops, based on an extensive system of land ANNEX I Page 2 rotation that has an average cycle of seven years. Although traditional agriculture is being affected gradually by the cash economy, it is still isolated and contrasts sharply to commerical agriculture (i.e. sugar and coconuts) which is export oriented and dominated by Indians and Europeans. Indigenous Fijians cultivate at least 350,000 acres or about 8 percent of the total arable land and lease an additional 350,000 acres to Indians under various forms of tenure. 6. Farming in Fiji is predominantly on smallholdings, and almost all commercial agriculture is on leased land. Eighty-five percent of farms are under 25 acres (Table 4). The average size of Fijian holdings is 10.8 acres compared with 15.6 acres for Indian farms. In 1968 the total number of holders 1/ was about 33,500. Fifty-two percent of holders were Fijian and 45 percent Indian. Mean size of household was 7.6, thus farming directly supported some 50 percent of the 545,000 population. A further 2,318 persons were fully employed and 41,727 temporarily employed. In total some 60 percent of the population were supported by farming in part or in whole. In 1968 holders and their employees composed 56 percent of the total labour force of Fiji. B. Land Use and Ownership Land Use Potential 7. Of the 300 islands comprising the Dominion, Viti Levu (4,109 sq. miles) and Vanua Levu (2,242 sq. miles) account for some 85 percent of the land area. Characteristically the islands consist of coastal alluvial plains rising progressively to mountainous terrain in the interior. There are three climatic zones: the wet zone with a weak dry season on the windward or southeast coasts, the intermediate or central zone, and the dry leeward zone with a marked dry season. 8. The agricultural land classification system used in Fiji recognizes five categories of land (Table 1). Three of these with almost a million acres and totalling 21 percent of the land area, are suited to arable agriculture, given improvements ranging from occasional use of fertilizers (Class I) to heavy usage of fertilizer and considerable drainage improve- ments (Class III). A further 1.7 million acres or 38 percent (Class IV) is suited to grazing and the remaining 1.9 million acres (Class V) while unsuitable for crops or grazing may be of use for productive forestry. 9. Eighty percent of land Classes I-III are on Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, where together more than 90 percent of the population live. In 1973 it is roughly estimated that some half million acres were cultivated. Most of this land falls into Classes I-III, thus leaving about a half million acres in these classes with a potential for development. ,/ A holder is defined as the person responsible for operating the agri- cultural holding. He may the owner or a tenant. ANNEX I Page 3 Land Tenure 10. There are three main types of land ownership: Fijian communally owned, freehold, and Crown freehold (Table 2). Some 84 percent of all land in Fiji or about 3.8 million acres, is owned on a communal basis by over 6,000 Fijian land owning units (mataqalis). Development of this land by Fijians or leasing it to other races for development may only take place by common consent of the mataqali. If a lease is agreed by such consent it must be approved by the Native Land Trust Board which controls and administers native land for the benefit of its Fijian owners. Such a Lease operates for 10 years and two extensions may be permitted. Negotiation of leases under the system may be protracted and the period of leases deters permanent agricultural development. 11. Just over 6 percent of the land belongs to the Crown and the remaining 10 percent is freehold. The alienated land now under freehold is the land originally selected and negotiated for by the settler-immigrants, mostly Europeans, before Fiji became a British Crown Colony, and thus it includes much of the land best suited to the cultivation of cash crops. 12. Indians, on the other hand, own very little land (only about 2 percent), although they farm some 450 thousand acres of the best land in the country including most of the land producing sugar. Of the Indian farmers, more than 80 percent are tenant-farmers leasing their land from Fijian communities, from the Crown, or from other freeholders. With a large amount of the good commercial farming land alienated or leased out, much of the remaining land occupied by rural Fijians is of poorer quality. Much of it is unsuited to permanent cultivation and it has potential mainly for grazing and forest development. There are some moderate size pockets of good land in areas designated as native reservations and in remote areas. The Fijians still have quite substantial areas of less fertile rather steep land suitable for traditional shifting subsistence agriculture. ANNEX I Page 4 II. AGRICULTURE A. The Export Crops Sugar 13. Sugar is Fiji's largest industry and sugar production contributes 15 percent to GNP, 67 percent to domestic export earnings, and is the largest employer (direct employment: 30,000). About 37 percent of Fiji's total productive acreage is under sugar cane. The principal cane growing areas occur in the alluvial soils of the Western Division of Viti Levu and in the Northern Division of Vanua Levu. An annual quota of 2,516,000 tons of cane is allocated by the mills, but not all farmers plant their full quota regularly. 14. Historically the operations of the industry have been in the hands of the Colonial Sugar Refinery (CSR) and more recently its local subsidiary South Pacific Sugar Mills (SPSM). These firms successively allocated cane acreages, provided credit, inputs, research and extension services, operated the mills and marketed the produce. In 1973, however, the Governmentt bought out the equity of SPSM and created the Fiji Sugar Corporation. Many of the services previously provided by SPSM are now part of a management contract between SPSM and the Fiji Sugar Corporation. 15. Over the past decade the acreage of cane harvested and the amount produced have fluctuated. There was a substantial expansion in area harvested in the first half of the 1960's from 60,000 acres to over 100,000 acres. Since 1968, however, the area harvested has remained at about 114,000 acres. There has been a comparable trend in the production of cane. Despite considerable fluctuations there does not appear to have been any trend increase in yields over the decade. The average cane yield in 1968-72 was 22.3 tons cane per acre, the same as in 1961-65. The average yield of sugar in these two periods was also bhe same at about 2.9-3.0 tons per acre. In 1970, a record 2.8 million tons of cane were harvested from 114,000 acres. Production of raw sugar reached 355,000 long tons, of which 329,000 tons were sold abroad for F$ 31.8 million (f.o.b.). Output decreased in 1971, mainly because of unfavorable weather. In 1972, harvested acreage again declined following the serious effects of Hurricane Bebe and although the recovery rate of sugar from cane was good at only 7.4 tons of cane per ton of sugar, it is estimated that some 15-20,000 tons of sugar were lost. 16. Raw sugar is exported under three separate marketing schemes: the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement, the U.S. Sugar Act, and the International Sugar Agreement. The first two operate as quota-cum-minimum support-price schemes and until recently assured prices above the free market price. Sales proceeds of SPSM's raw sugar have been shared with the cane growers under ten-year contracts negotiated by independent commissions and approved by the Government. ANNEX I Page 5 17. In 1970, a new ten-year contract between SPSM and the sugar cane growers came into force, settling a dispute between them over the formula for sharing the proceeds from sales of raw sugar. The formula propcsed by an independent authority, Lord Denning, was adopted by the Government. It stipulated that sugar sales be shared in such a way that 65 percent goes to the growers and 35 percent to the nillers. It also provided for a guaranteed minimum price of F$ 7.75 per ton of cane to be paid, if necessary, from the F$ 6 million Sugar Stabilization Fund and, after its exhaustion, from the millers' share of the proceeds. The millers, although signing the contract, informed the Government that at these terms operations were no longer profitable and at the same time declared their intention to withdraw from the industry after two years. 18. Under an agreement negotiated in April 1971, the Government was to purchase CSR's shares at a total cost of about F$ 10 million in addition to CSR's freehold land valued at F$ 3.75 million. (The consolidated book value of assets was over F$ 30 million.) The Agreement, which took effect on March 31, 1973, provides for the continuation of production and marketing management and personnel. A supervisory body will be established to oversee the industry. 19. Of the total raw sugar exports of 329,000 tons in 1970, 140,000 tons were shipped to the U.K. under the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement at a negotiated price of L 47.5 per ton (including a special payment of E 4.0, which varies inversely with the world market price). Another 38,800 tons were sold to the U.S.A. under the U.S. Sugar Act quota, while 147,000 tons (against a quota of 157,000 tons) were disposed in the free world market under the International Sugar Agreement at an average price of F$ 71.7 per ton. On the whole, average export proceeds per ton in 1970 were F$ 97. In 1971, 335,000 tons were shipped valued at F$ 32.8 million or an average of F$ 98 per ton. As a result of substantially higher prices the value of sugar exports increased by 4.8 percent to F$ 34.4 million in 1972 despite a drop in actual tonnage exported by 18 percent to 275,000 tons. Sugar Quotas and Sales 1970-72 ('000 tons) Quotas Actual Sales 1970 1971 1972 1970 1971 1972 Export Sales 336 n.a. 326 326 335 275 International Sugar Agreement (ISA) 157 n.a. 146 147 153 90 Commonwealth Sugar Agreement (CSA) 140 140 140 140 140 145 U.S. Sugar Act 40 40 40 39 42 40 Local Sales - - - 22 23 23 ANNEX I Page 6 20. The transfer of ownership coincides with important developments overseas. Owing to world shortages of sugar in the current year, the position of the sugar-exporting countries is not unfavorable at present. But in 1974, the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement (CSA) and the U.S. Sugar Act, which cover 55 percent of current exports, will expire although the possibility exists that similar favorable terms can be renegotiated. In the case of the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement, the obligations of the U.K. to Commonwealth Sugar producers terminated with its entry into the EEC. Fiji, like other affected countries will have to market sugar under a comprehensive Association settlement, or under an individual or collective trading agreement with an enlarged EEC. These options have a far-reaching impact and are still being studied. The position regarding the future of CSA quantities after 1974 is thus of considerable uncertainty. Moreover, so far no undertaking to preserve an effective International Sugar Agreement has been obtained from EEC. If instead, as is feared, EEC policy would have the effect of substantially extending domestic beet production, this could be at the expense of cane-sugar exports from Fiji and other producers. 21. Future production will be influenced by the quotas and prices alloted under new terms to be negotiated in 1974 and 1975 under the CSA and U.S. Su+r Act, and the prospects of reviving the International Sugar Agreement. - It is probable that if agreements are renegotiated their prices would have to reflect the higher world prices that are expected to prevail. The prospect of continued higher world sugar prices combined with substantial increases in the cost of transporting sugar is likely to reduce substantially the difference in the farm gate price of sugar between the low cost exporting countries and the major importing countries. This will probably stimulate importing countries to increase domestic production of sugar and slow the growth in demand for sugar exports. We have therefore assumed that the average current price for Fiji sugar in 1978 would be about 50 percent higher than the price received in 1972. 22. With a recovery in sugar production in 1974 from the effects of hurricane Bebe, exports could reach about 330,000 tons in 1974. There is scope for increased production under present arrangements. Suitable land is available in Vanua Levu where alternative demands on labor are less pressing. Greater productivity can be achieved in Viti Levu through improved land drainage and the transfer of quotas from growers who have failed to achieve them to those more efficient. Export production could therefore rise to about 355,000 tons by 1978. 23. Constraints on expansion are the land tenure system which discourages the introduction or maintenance of permanent improvements and the inroads on land and labor now being made by tourism. It is estimated that 1,000 acres of land have been lost during each of the last three years to urban development, and that higher wagers in the tourist industry 1/ The International Sugar Agreement broke down in 1973 at least as far as quota and price arrangement were concerned. ANNEX I Page 7 have been attracting both growers and cutters. Continuing high wages for cutters may exert pressure upon growers' margins in the future. If cost rises outrun international sugar prices, the Fiji Sugar Corporation would be hard put to adequately adjust cane prices to growers. The question would then arise whether the Corporation would become a burden on the public sector. Coconuts- 24. Coconuts have been one of Fiji's traditional and major crops, but the industry has declined in importance over the years. The main coconut growing areas are in Vanua Levu, Taveuni and the outer islands of the Lau Group. Estimates of acreage vary, the most recent being 186,000 acres. Tonnage of copra produced, however, has varied within narrow limits since 1963 (Table 6). 25. Small farmers (producing less than 30 tons copra per annum) account for 45 percent of production, and occupy 60 percent of the acreage. Over- all yields are low at an estimated 4-5 cwt. per acre. Copra is usually dried on the farm and is mostly shipped for milling to Suva where it is converted into oil and meal, and exported mainly to the U.K. and the Federal Republic of Germany. Two mills in Suva process more than 90 percent of copra product-ion. A total of 28,260 tons of copra were delivered in 1971 and yielded 17,465 tons of oil valued at F$ 4.3 million or about 8 percent of total domestic exports. Copra prices have tended to fall (Table 7) during the last seven years reaching their lowest (F$ 66.50 per ton) in March 1972. However in 1973 there was a steep ril';e in copra and coconut oil prices to over F$ 250 per ton, due to a worldwide shortage of oil. 26. The industry has been beset with a number of problems over the past decade that have led to the stagnation of production. These include: (a) old plantings that are beyond their economic life (42 percent of total acreage is in this state); (b) low prices; (c) irregular shipping facilities and inadequate physical infrastructure; and (d) poor crop management. 27. In an effort to revitalize the industry the Government has operated a coconut subsidy scheme since 1963. Under this scheme, financed by a F$ 2 million grant from the U.K., clearing, thinning out, and replanting of trees was initiated. Subsidies have stimulated new plantings and replantings of 49,000 acres during the last 8 years. Under the current Sixth Development Plan, F$ 0.5 million has been allocated for a new subsidy scheme. It is anticipated that 23,000 acres will be replanted by 1975, and that the entire area under young trees will reach 74,000 acres or 40 percent of the total land under coconut. 28. Although there have been improvements in the quality of copra since 1965, the subsidy schemes have not had any appreciable impact yet on the volume of production. Because most of the trees are still too young, copra delivered fell from a peak of 41,244 tons in 1963 to 24,441 tons in ANNEX I Page 8 1967 but recovered to 31,246 tons in 1969. With increasing costs, parti- cularly of local freight, output declined to 28,759 tons in 1970 and 28,260 tons in 1971. This downward trend is estimated to have accentuated sharply in 1972, as export prices dropped by almost half in that year. 29. It seems unlikely that coconut acreage will expand as most suitable land has now been planted. The Coconut Board forecasts modest increases in production to 32,500 tons in 1975 as younger trees come to bearing or maturity. Present constraints to expanded production are mainly infrastructure and management, both of which can be remedied. This would contribute to higher returns to growers. 30. Coconuts are a traditional crop of the outer islands and it is the view in the Department of Agriculture that the industry must be encouraged as it is an important source of income for the rural population. At the same time they recognize that low yields and poor prices have produced low incomes to the producer. They therefore intend to maintain their program of replanting at the same time as studying opportunities for a wider range of end products fram the coconuts e.g. coir and minced kernel. Additionally they propose to supplement farm incomes by diversi- fication. Coconut lands are suitable for diversification activities either through inter cropping or by the introduction of livestock, particularly beef cattle. A coconut research station has been approved and is needed to study the requirements and effects of both forms of diversification. 31. Copra production is poorly served both in the Northern and Eastern Divisions by feeder and main roads and by shipping, and continuing deficiencies of physical infrastructure will be a major constraint to implementing the diversification program. The Coconut Board has made recommendations to a recent Fiji Ports Commission of Enquiry. These include, in the short term, improved wharf and cargo space at Suva; bulk handling of copra; improved loading ports where roads exist and use of small self propelled barges to serve improved coastal villages. In the longer term their main recommendations are provision of small barges between these wharves and villages; faster and more regular inter island shipping and simple but more extensive rural roading. If the Board's recommendations are acted upon it foresees multipurpose processing on Vanua Levu and Taveuni. 32. It now appears that the benefits of higher world prices expected for copra and coconut oil during the next few years at least will be partly offset by higher inter island freight rates as a result of energy crisis. There are other uncertainties facing the industry. Fiji, which is a high cost producer relies on the present duty-free access to the markets of U.K. and the Federal Republic of Germany, which absorb virtually a7l of its copra, coconut oil and meal. The prospect of a common EEC tariff on copra or on coconut oil imports from Fiji and third world countries is therefore being viewed with concern. Pending a final settlement with the EEC, the country is at present exploring possible alternative markets for its coconut products, especially in the U.S.A., Australia, Canada and Japan. ANNEX I Page 9 Other Export Crops 33. Many other crops have been grown in Fiji in the past, mainly on a small scale or for experimental purposes. They include beans, groundnuts and sesame, tea, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, bananas, ginger, vanilla and other spices. 34. The most important one in the group is bananas. After a good start in the early 1960's production declined continuously throughout the 1960's due to floods, hurricanes and plant diseases. Bananas are almost entirely exported to New Zealand under a special agreement. In 1971, only 3.5 million lb worth US$152 thousands were exported compared with 13.5 million lb in 1960. A Banana Marketing Board, set up in 1969 to promote exports and control standards, has not lived up to expectations. A revival of the industry, which has reasonably good market prospects at home and abroad, probably would require a shift from the present semi-commercialized village enterprises to modern cultivation practices. 35. The pineapple industry in Fiji is now defunct as several canneries have closed down, reportedly due to increasing costs. Small scale operations continue in the processing and exporting of passionfruit, melons, mangoes, guavas and ginger. Tobacco is grown on 430 acres for the purpose of blending local leaf with imported varieties. A protective duty is levied on imported tobacco and cigarettes. Intensified research and experimentation with cocoa continue. Through government supervision and promotion, coffee, citrus, vanilla and peanuts are cultivated. B. Domestic Food Crops Rice 36. Rice, a major staple crop, is consumed by more than half of the population. Both dryland/rainfed and irrigated rice are grown in Fiji. It is grown in coastal lowlands in three of Fiji's four administrative divisions. In 1972, about 22,000 acres were under paddy (Table 8). Pro- duction has averaged about 18,000 tons over the last five years and is generally low, partly because of irregular rainfall, inadequate water control and drainage. Dryland or rainfed cultivation is on a small scale, and primarily to meet only subsistence needs. The average harvest (in terms of milled rice) in 1972 was 0.58 tons per acre. Prices for marketed output ranged from F$ 100 to F$ 120 per ton. 37. During the past decade, rice output and acreage in Fiji has continually declined mainly because of the competition of the sugar industry for the use of labor and land. Total output of milled rice in 1971 is ANNEX I Page 10 estimated at 10,200 tons, reflecting a decline of 15 percent from the level in 1970. Rice imports were about 11,500 tons in 1972, valued at F$ 1.4 million; this is almost three times as much rice as was imported ten years earlier. Vegetables 38. Large quantities of root vegetables are already produced (sweet potatoes, yams, tapioca) particularly in the Western and Central Divisions. These are either consumed on farm or sold in local markets to Fijian and Indian urban dwellers. Some other vegetables are also grown including cabbages, lettuce, tomatoes and carrots. These also pass through local markets or are grown on contract for direct supply of hotels. Production is seasonal however for about seven months of the year when sunshine and rain provide satisfactory growing conditions. 39. Demand from the hotel industry is expanding and could be met internally if regular supply and uniform quality could be assured. At present this is not provided and much of the hotel requirement is imported. Vegetable imports have risen from F$ 1.4 million in 1969 to F$ 2.6 million in 1972. 40. The Sigatoka Valley is an important vegetable producing area. It is well sited to supply hotels along the southern coastline of Viti Levu. Other areas are being developed in the Western Division where the growing season is more flexible. Cold storage facilities would be necessary to ensure supply of vegetables throughout the year. 41. rhe Department of Agriculture is currently assessing the country's future food needs including fruits and vegetables, based upon population increases and income elasticity of demand. From this examination it is hoped that plans will emerge for stimulating regular vegetable production, from predetermined and suitable areas, of the quantities and quality demanded by the market. It is also proposed that the National Marketing Authority should progressively develop its close links with the Department to establish regular contracts and fair prices to growers. C. Animal Industries Dairy Industry 42. Fiji has a small but well established dairy industry that is mainly centered upon Suva and the larger towns. There was a total dairy cattle population of 26,000 in 1972. Two hundred and eighty dairy farms were registered in 1972 of which 202 supplied milk or cream to the Rewa Cooperative Dairy Factory near Suva. Door to door sales of milk also took place. Supply of whole milk to the factory has risen steadily since 1965 (Table 10) to a peak of 717,000 gallons in 1972. Door to door sales have risen from about 450,000 gallons in 1965 to 850,000 gallons in 1972. Cream deliveries have decreased since 1969. This is not due entirely to a fall ANNEX I Page 11 in farm production as it has become more profitable to manufacture ghee (clarified butter) for independent sale than to supply cream to the factory. In addition, more farmers are rearing calves for veal and beef production, and stock losses were considerable during 1972 due to Hurricane Bebe and flooding. In combination these factors led to a 27 percent decrease in cream deliveries in 1972 although total deliveries of milk and cream to the factory only dropped 14 percent. 43. The value of dairy product imports (Table 11) has risen steadily since 1965 despite the drop in ghee imports reflecting increases in local ghee production. There is clearly a considerable gap in present demand and domestic supply for dairy products. In 1972, total imports were 3,212,000 lbs butterfat equivalent, valued at F$ 2.3 million. Thus an increase of 400 percent in present production is required to meet total demand at 1972 levels. This substantial internal market indicates a major opportunity for expanding the dairy industry particularly as cattle thrive in Fiji conditions due to careful quarantine legislation which has kept out many serious diseases. Diseases resulting from poor management do occur however. 44. Nevertheless there are a nutmber of constraints to expansion: (a) forty percent of all dairy farms are on leases near point of expiry and there is therefore little or no incentive to make permanent improvements (Measures to improve security of tenure are required.); (b) high calf losses (20 percent) have led to aging herds, but the introduction of cheap drugs and better management is beginning to reduce losses; (c) the present dairying area is not well located climatically and much of the land is subject to floods and requires drainage (If this could be done pastures could be substantially improved.); (d) cows are generally low yielding because herd management is poor (Recent high beef prices have led to the slaughter of females.); (e) feeding standards of young stock and milking cows are poor; (f) improved pastures and pasture management are required; and (g) cost of inputs are high. 45. Few of these constraints, however, are insurmountable. Furthermore, substantial areas of presently unused land are available to expand the industry. Twenty thousand acres have already been selected on the border of the wet/intermediate zones as a site for new dairy development. New Zealand technical assistance has been sought to undertake a feasibility study of ANNEX I Page 12 the area for this purpose. A further area in the Northern Division will shortly be identified for dairy expansion. 46. Improvements in the existing dairy industry are being introduced. The Rewa factory is being modernized,by the New Zealand Dairy Board and a New Zealand bank at a cost of F$ 440,000. During the last four years, 30 dairy farmers have moved to milking machines for whole milk production and 50 percent of all dairy farmers ntow have milking sheds. Beef Industry 47. In 1972 there were 126,274 beef cattle in Fiji. Beef is produced mainly in the Western Division and in the outer islands. Suva is the principal market for carcasses passing through abattoirs. Where slaughtering facilities are not available in the remoter areas, live cattle are shipped into Viti Levu and marked for slaughter or as stores through the commercial undertaking of the Department of Agriculture. Recent increases in slaughter- ing (Table 12) are considered to be the result of these improved marketing facilities rather than increased production, which is estimated to have increased by only 3 percent per annum. Marketing of beef will be further improved by the construction of a central abattoir to serve the Suva area. This is planned to be operational by mid-1974. 48. Imports of beef have been Increasing steadily for the last five years (Table 13) to meet a demand which is rising at an annual rate of 10 percent. It is anticipated by the Department of Agriculture that overall demand will continue to rise at this rate. In such a situation the national beef herd would have to double by 1978 to meet all domestic needs. But even if the trend should not continue at this rate a potential exists for increasing present small exports of canned beef to other countries in the South Pacific Region. There is a small canning operation in Suva, which exported to the region in 1972. With these factors in mind the Department of Agriculture has assumed a demand for 23,000 head of slaughter cattle in 1978 and steps ha-ze been taken to substantially expand production. 49. There is ample land suitable for expansion of the industry with more than 1.1 million acres classified as available for beef pastures. They are estimated to have a carrying capacity of 1 beast to 4 acres and are capable of improvement througih good management. The major constraints in this expansion program are: (a) shortage of breeding stock: females for slaughter are now being brought to abattoirs and resold by the commercial undertaking to beef breeders. (The major program at Uluisaivou would consist of substantial numbers of imported females); ANNEX I Page 13 (b) low pasture quality: the research program now aimed at early improvement of pastures should be maintained; (c) high cost of inputs: while fencing wire, fertilizers and weedicides are subsidized, they are still expensive to farmers; (d) low management standards: farmer training schemes are now in operation and close supervision of exis,ting projects is helping to improve standards; (e) shortage of supervisory staff for further expansion; more competent field personnel are required. The Uluisaivou program noted below provides for the hiring of field management services. 50. there are a number of pilot projects underway that are designed to increase production. The South Pacific Sugar Mills, Ltd. was engaged in large scale and scientific cattle raising at Yanggara in the northern part of Viti Levu where over 3,000 head of liereford cattle are grazed. With the transfer of the sugar industry, this scheme has come under government ownership. The Department of Agriculture is experimenting widely with breeds and management systems to determine those best suited for local meat production and dairying. A scheme for breeding Santa Gertrudis cattle with Hereford and Fresian stock has given satisfactory results. 51. A project to provide individual Fijians with a nucleus of breed- ing animals on 250-acre holdings of otherwise unproductive reed country is progressing satisfactorily. These are financed by the Fiji Development Bank and closely supervised by the Department of Agriculture staff. There are now 126 such farms, of which 110 are of up to 200 acres each and a further 16 of up to 500 acres. Fijians have a natural inclination towards beef cattle production although their management standards are low. To foster and develop this attribute schemes are now being formulated for commercial production of beef upon mataqali land as part of an integrated regional development program over 10 years. An area of 180,000 acres (Uluisaivou) is being set aside, of which 10,000 acres of Crown land is the first phase over 10 years. The New Zealand Government has expressed interest in financing this particular beef project. 52. There are also plans to introduce the raising of beef cattle to coconut plantations. Larger plantations will be encouraged to maintain their own beef breeding herds, and to supply calves and store cattle for fattening to small plantations. Pig Industry 53. Pigs have both a social and economic significence in Fiji. The Department of Agriculture estimates that up to 3,000 are slaughtered annually on farms for ceremonial occasions. Only on Viti Levu is production ANNEX I Page 14 commercially oriented. Commercial piggeries are located close to sources of animal protein i. e. near butcheries or the Rewa Dairy. Of 157 piggeries, 136 are situated in the Central Division, the remainder being in the Western and Eastern Divisions. 54. The amount and value of pig meat imports have been increasing in response to demand (Table 15). Total demand for local and imported fresh and canned pig meat is equivalent to 18,000 carcasses (90 lbs. c. d. w.) annually. In order to satisfy this demand with domestic supply an additional 12,000 carcasses need to be produced. Although this is double the existing output, good quality breeding stock are available from government stations, from which numbers could be rapidly increased and more pigs per sow could be reared by improved management. However the Department of Agriculture estimates that this level of production would require F$ 435,000 of imported feeds at the current prices of F$ 130 per ton. It is therefore necessary that current feeding trials on government research stations using locally grown protein and starch foods are successfully concluded. A newly estab- lished flour mill in Suva will shortly Qroduce 9,000 tons of bran and pollards annually for stockfeed. Detailed costs of production and profit margins are now being prepared in the Department of Agriculture. It is their view that profit margins to the efficient producer, even using imported feeds and with port producer prices at F 0.40 # per lb. are high enough to stimulate expansion. Provided extension advice is available to those, particularly small producers, who lack good management standards, the Government's pig production policy of self-sufficiency could be achieved within the short to medium term. Eggs and Poultry 55. Egg production is a compact operation already meeting the country's needs although seasonal shortages and gluts do occur. Production has risen steadily during the last 5 years to a peak of one million dozen in 1972 (Table 16) valued at F$ 500,000. 56. Demand for poultry meat has risen rapidly during the last four years. Imports totalled more than F$ 600,000 in 1972. Production has risen more slowly and with the serious setback suffered during the Hurricane in 1972 satisfied only one third of total demand. There is scope in this field to expand production rapidly. Hotels have been an important source of demand for poultry and although tourism is projected to increase more moderately in the next few years, demand is estimated to increase from one million broilers in 1973, to about 1.5 million by 1978. Estimates of profitability vary widely and detailed costs of production and profit marginis are now being prepared. However, efficient producers are expanding their production capacity and foreign interests are seeking to participate in the poultry industry. There are proposals to construct controlled environment houses and to produce an additional 500,000 broilers, if land can be made available. Training on the job would help to introduce Fijians to the higher ANNEX I Page 15 standards of management inherent in this system of production. This whole program requires servicing abattoirs and cold storage and a specialist adviser (who is being sought from New Zealand) to ensure smooth development. It is implicit in this program to reduce imports that current experimental programs confirm successful feeding of compounds prepared from locally produced foods. Goats and Sheep 57. At present 66,000 goats are run in small flocks in the dry zone areas mainly by Indians. Registered abattoir killings total 1,000 annually but many animals are killed on farms. It is estimated that total production including home killings reached 893,000 lbs. in 1972. 58. Goat meat is favored by the large Indian community and is imported (Table 17) to the extent that the retail price is favorable compared with mutton, which is a substitute and also imported in large quantities (Table 18). There is a strong case for expanding goat production on grounds of demand. However, farm goats are easily and widely ravaged by dogs and theft. Management is also poor and the cost of goat fencing high. There is the further problem that goats, if not closely managed can create serious destruction to soil and water resources. An FAO specialist has recently carried out a study of goat potential in Fiji and recommends upbreeding, better management and the introduction of pilot schemes directed towards eventual self sufficiency based upon profitable production under good manage- ment. The immediate constraints are such that self sufficiency is only likely to be achieved in the medium term. 59. Sheep are kept only for experimental purposes in Fiji. It has been demonstrated under Fijian conditions that the high plane of management necessary could not yet be achieved commercially. While the Department of Agriculture favors the introduction of hairsheep, quarantine regulations do not permit this. ANNEX I Page 16 III. - FISHERIES AND FORESTS A. Fisheries 60. Sizeable rivers, estuaries, mangrove areas, barrier and fringing reefs offer vast scope for fishing, both inshore and offshore. Fishing has traditionally been on a subsistence basis. Only within the last five years has attention been focussed on the fishery resources of Fiji. Total sales in markets have risen (Table 19) during the past four years reaching a value of nearly F$ 1 million in 1972. It is estimated that apart from 830 tons of market sales, 600 tons annually are sold directly to consumers and a further 1,500 tons are caught for family consumption. Most of the fish are caught from small flat-bottomed craft which operate close to the shore and use small gillnets or handlines. The catch is mainly mullet, mackerel, half beak, ponyfish, snappears and bream. About 90 percent of the marketed volume is sold directly by fishermen to retailers. The remaining 10 percent is channelled through public markets by government operated Small Unit Fisheries Schemes, which are village-based and organized as cooperatives. Three government vessels provide ice and transportation facilities. Several 30-foot ferro-concrete fishing vessles will be locally built; three have already been commissioned. The Fisheries Division hopes to withdraw from these schemes when fishermen attain self-reliance. 61. In spite of ample local resources, net annual imports of fish and fish products exceed local production. In 1970, net imports totalled 2,650 tons, of which 2,360 tons were canned fish and the rest frozen fish. Ninety percent of canned imports were tinned mackerel; most of which came from Japan. There is a strong demand for imported canned fish because it needs little cooking preparation or cold storage. It is inexpensive and has a wide retail distribution. The average price of fresh local fish in the Suva market in 1971 was between 25 and 37 cents/lb., while Japanese canned mackerel sold at 23 cents/lb. In 1972, average retail prices of fresh fish in Suva rose to 38 cents/lb. 62. There is scope for expanding the Fiji fishing industry - both for the domestic market and for export. The presence of tuna in Fiji's waters and beyond has attracted foreign fishing companies. A Japanese venture, the Pacific Fishing Company (PAFCO) at Levuka, processes tuna and related species caught by foreign long-liners for export to the U. S. A. and Japan; 8,650 tons were exported in 1970. As suggested by the preliminary results of an FAO/UNDP feasibility study, the live-bait fishing of skipjack tuna can be a local business venture. The enterprise can use PAFCO facilities for canning and produce largely for export. Other maritime products include shellfish, clams, oysters, urchins, octopus, sea-weeds, crabs, prawns, lobsters, beche-de-mer (exports F$ 6,373 in 1970). But all are only of minor local importance. The potential of oyster culture is being investi- gated by the Government. ANNEX I Page 17 63. In the case of the domestic market, improved marketing and storage facilities are needed. Marketing of fresh fish from the outer islands is difficult. Plans are under consideration for providing ice plant, cold storage vessels and road transport for this purpose. There is need for more training and credit facilities so that fishermen can purchase larger boats and equipment following training in their use. Brackish water fish pond farming is also being developed. A specialist to supervise such a project was assigned in 1973. Apart from the advantage of its low technology needs and low capital investment requirements, fish farming can provide regular supplies of uniform quality fish, particularly mullet, rabbit :'ish, prawns and crabs, to the hotel trade. B. Forestry 64. While forestry has had little development to date, it holds con- siderable potential. About 50-55 percent of the total land area is under forests, principally tropical rain forest. The production of logs in 1971 was 36.7 million sq. ft., equivalent to 22.1 million s. ft. of sawn timber. Most production is for local use, but in 1972 1 million s. ft. of same timber and 12 million s. ft. of veneer were exported at a value of over F$ 400,000, while imports were valued at about F$ 1.2 million (Table 20). 65. Soil conservation measures in large denuded tracts of the country have become urgent. The Government has introduced and experimented with new commercial hardwood species on a large scale. By 1971, the Department of Forestry had completed reafforestation of about 23,000 acres and an additional 16,500 acres were being planted. The forest development progra.m for the first year of the Sixth Development Plan was on schedule. Under the program, a total of 25,750 acres will be replaced with Caribbean pine and mahogany by 1975. This target can be exceeded if new lands can be leased from Fijian landowners on a long-term basis. Timber leases have so far been given for a tenure of only 12 months. 66. A recent inventory indicates that natural forest and plantation resources are well in excess of Fiji's requirements for the next 30 years. A UNDP/FAO study concluded in 1972 indicates that long term opportunities exist for the export of at least 30 million super feet annually. Steps are therefore being taken to maximize production from natural forest. This will call for modernization and capital injection by the timber processing industry. The study also recommends the establishment of 134,000 acres of Caribbean pine plantations as a basis for a chipwood industry. According to the study, the establishment of domestic veneer, and pulp and paper industries, appears to be economically justified. It recommends upgrading of the 56 small-scale units of the timber processing industry. However, it concluded that in the interests of conservation, large scale clearfelling of the indigenous forest should not be considered until the ecological and environmental effects have been assessed. ANNEX I Page 18 67. Pinus Caribaea has been successfully planted in the past in open grasslands which were formerly natural forest on steep terrain and shallow soils. These plantings have now reached felling age. Results show sub- stantially higher yields (60,000 super feet per acre) than anticipated and better quality chips for wood pulp at 10 to 12 years than at 15 years of age. Steps are now being taken to plant 50,000 acres by 1978. It is proposed to have a feasibility study within the next 2 years to determine the pro- portion of outturn to be destined for chips, pulp, sawn timber and logs. If land is allocated to the Department, a further 50,000 acres, if called for, could be planted between 1976 and 1980. 68. Of increasing importance is the need to establish the means whereby Fijian interests can participate in the potentially important pinus develop- ment. This may be as providers of land, or as planters of trees in new areas. Preliminary trials of grazing store cattle under pinus plantations (primarily to reduce fire hazard) suggest possibilities for a form of diversified enterprise. This is being examined further. ANNEX I Page 19 IV. - INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE SECTOR A. Rural Credit 69. There is a variety of institutions in Fiji that provide credit for agriculture. These include the Fiji Development Bank, the commercial banks, the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests, insurance companies, credit and thrift societies, the Fiji Affairs Board, the Fiji Development Fund Board, the Fiji Sugar Corporation and equipment suppliers. There are, however, no detailed statistics available on the total amount of credit extended by these various sources. A large portion of the credit extended is for seasonal production expenses, especially in the sugar industry. 70. The commercial banks have been lent about F$ 6 million to the agri- cultural sector over the period 1968-72. The interest rate is between 8 and 9 percent and repayment terms vary. Security is taken in the form of property mortgage, crop lien, or bill of sale. The scope for lending by these banks has been limited because the tenure system prevents most farm land from being used as collateral. 71. Crop production loans, which are provided by the Ministry of Agri- culture, were introduced during Development Plan VI. They serve a useful purpose but high costs of inputs limnit the effectiveness of the maximum F$ 200 loan to purchase farmers' needs. The total amount of loans extended under this scheme stood at about F$ 70,000 in mid-1973. Total annual loans granted by Thrift and Credit Societies of the Cooperative Movement amount to F$ 300,000. 72. The major source of longer-term credit for capital investment in agriculture is the Fiji Development Bank. Between 1968 and June 1973 the Bank approved 1,273 loans totaling nearly F$ 1.8 million, of which 870 loans valued at F$ 790,000, were approved between January and June 1973. Farming in Fiji is generally on a small scale; loan requirements therefore, tend to be individually small. Development Bank loans for agriculture since 1968 have averaged F$ 2,135. Consequently, the Development Bank finds administra- tive costs high on small farmer loans and prefers but does not insist on lending for large scale developments. B. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests 73. In addition to the usual functions of agricultural extension and research, the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests undertakes a wide range of other activities. These include agricultural training, crop and livestock marketing and crop loan administration. The activities of the Ministry are organised under a Minister and Assistant Minister. The chief executive is the Secretary for Agriculture Fisheries and Forests under whom Departments and Divisions function (Table 24). ANNEX I Page 20 74. At the end of 1972 the staff of the Department of Agriculture numbered about 370, of which 35 were overseas appointments. However, the number of established positions in the Department was 508. The largest deficiencies were in extension (80 percent of positions filled), research (72 percent), and animal health and production (30 percent). The Department of Agriculture has pursued its policy of localisation more rapidly and com- prehensively than other departments. It has also, from its own senior personnel, supplied heads to other departments. Several of its most senior posts are thus filled by recent appcintments. Many minor posts are filled by qualified but inexperienced personnel or experienced but unqualified staff. In order to realise its objectives in the immediate future a period of stability is needed. 75. The basic structure of the Department aims to communicate with the farmer at ground level providing guidance through extension staff backed by an information service and research team. The research team has reached a point where its findings are between 5 and 10 years ahead of field prac- tices. The information service is very effective and provides up-to-date technical information to many farmers through press and radio. The extension service has many calls upon its time and every member may be expected to advise on staff shortages (Table 23) and these are felt particularly in the extension service. The ratio of non-graduate extension personnel to farmers - is 1:205; for graduates the ratio is 1:2,400. The effectiveness of these ratios is lessened by the wide spread of the islands. Transport ratios were not available but it was stated that budgetary cuts were imposed in 1972-73 for replacement and new vehicles. There is a need to develop a more inten- sified extension service. While this may be done in the longer term by filling the existing vacancies in the departmental establishment, some help can be given by examining the distribution of staff within the divisions of the department. In view of the progress in research and the need to limit activity to a narrow front, there is justification for reallocating some research personnel to the field, even on a temporary basis, and particularly some of those who have had experience with new crops on outstations and contact with farmers. Apart from these changes it will become increasingly important to divest departmental personnel of their 'business' activities such as crop, fish and livestock marketing, sale of inputs to farmers and crop loan administration. Marketing activities, for example, can be assumed by the newly created National Marketing Authority. 76. If expansion is to be based upon the best possible foundation, planning and monitoring of progress are essential. The present Economic, Planning and Statistics Division is understaffed for its current tasks and will be inadequate for planning and review work in the future as more pro- jects within the Ministry are formulated or implemented. Early assignment of at least two further personnel is indicated to establish and maintain with confi(dence details of production costs, profit margins, market prospects for selected development activities. While economic planning and review work is required, it is also necessary to insure that the agricul- tural tasks and targets are regularly reviewed in the field, delays 1/ Using 1968 Agricultural Census figures of 33,521 landholders. ANNEX I Page 21 identified, and measures introduced where appropriate to maintain development impetus. For this purpose it it suggested that, under the overall control of the Director, a program coordinator should be assigned. He would consult with Assistant Directors and Principal Agricultural Officers, to review and determine allocation of personnel and funds to projects and enterprises to ensure their continuing implementation. 77. The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests has primary responsibility for agricultural training programs in Fiji. The largest needs are at the sub-professional level and to meet these needs the Ministry operates the Fiji College of Agriculture. The College produces 20-26 dip- lomates annually from an intake of 36-40. Total demand in both public and private sectors indicates a need to double this output. Consideration is being given to expand the capacity of the College. C. Other Institutions 78. Three organizations will play a major role in future agricultural development. They are the Native Lands Trust Board, the Cooperatives and the National Marketing Authority. the Native Lands Trust Board is respon- sible for control of all native lanc' and administering it for the benefit of its Fijian owners. It is now proposed, however, that the Board should undertake development functions to accelerate and increase these benefits. Cooperation with and guidance from the agricultural authorities will be sought for planning and developing agricultural land. Potentially, therefore, the Board becomes an important factor in the quicker release of Fijian land for viable projects in which the owners' rights can be protected and their participation promoted. One such project now under review is the long term integrated rural development of 100,000 acres of Uluisaivou midway between Lautoka and Suva. 79. The second organization having an increasing role to play is the Cooperative Movement. Membership totals 35,000 families of whom some 30,000 are engaged or employed in agriculture. Societies are widely dis- tributed through the islands and are therefore potentially important for the provision of agricultural inputs and credit and for participation in handling, processing and marketing of produce. 80. In doing so, the Societies would rely heavily on cooperation with the new National Marketing Authority which has recently become an arm of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests. It is small in size at present, but is concentrating initially on rationalising marketing of root and green vegetable crops. The Authority aims to develop a pricing system based increasingly upon firm outlets which would enable it to establish contracts and fixed prices with producers, particularly small scale growers. If surpluses occurred they would be sold on the open market by the Authority. ANNEX I Page 22 Gooct quality standards are being laid down for all export commodities. Estimated turnover on marketing of local produce in 1972 was F$ 140,000. Anticipated increases are to F$ 250,000 in 1973 and, F$ 300,000 - F$ 350,000 in 1974. The Authority sees the differing views of the small producer and the consumer regarding the Authority's role as a constraint to the development of its activities. One of its major tasks is to educate both groups in price policies and structures. The Authority also sees the lack of physical infrastructure, refrigerated transport and storage as constraints. V. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS 81. The broad objectives for agricultural development that were set forth in the Sixth Development Plan remain valid: Indeed, as the main report indicates, the prospect of slower growth in the non-agricultural sector means that the need to revitalize agriculture is even more important than before. 82. The strategy for achieving agricultural objectives will be to diversify activities, where conditions permit, to decrease dependence upon imported agricultural commodities, to expand traditional exports and to develop new export opportunities. Given reasonable success with these activities, Fiji should be able to expand productive employment opportunities within agriculture and moderate the income disparity between urban and rural areas. 83. The Mission attached considerable importance to the need for increased export income. There are prospects for expanding production of export com- modities. In the case of sugar, this is possible by increasing yields on existing can land as already outlined and by opening up new land in Vanua Levu. Prospects for copra are less sanguine. Copra production can be expanded, if prices remain favourable, by increasing productivity both by continuation of the replanting program and through better management. However, increased freight rates and inadequate interisland shipping remain formidable obstacles to a substantial improvement. A modest contribution to exports can be achieved by increasing cocoa production provided that a firm market can be assured. Exports of passion fruit juice could also develop if present interest by entrepreneurs is maintained and leads to organised production, processing and marketing. Banana exports, too, for which the Department of Agriculture estimates there is a demand of 400,000 cases annually from New Zealand, could be revived. But the problems of good quality production, regular supplies and shipping facilities, high costs and low producers' prices are substantial obstacles which have not been overcome in the past. 84. There are opportunities to raise output of fruits and vegetables, rice, dairy products, beef and other animal industry products to reduce import dependence. The Department of Agriculture should finalise plans for achieving self-sufficiency in rice by 1978. The necessary resources are available. ANNEX I Page 23 Conditions are also favourable for a sustained program to expand livestock whose products comprise a substantial proportion of agriculture imports. The physical resources are available and the nucleus of stock for expansion exists; work on pasture improvement should continue and expanded training facilities both for departmental staff and farmers should be accelerated. The relatively few activities best suited to Fiji's agricultural conditions and expansion needs are poultry in the short term; dairying, beef, pigs and goats in the longer term. In the wider context of the country's needs such early ecpansion of fisheries as may be recommended in the UNDP/FAO report is most desirable to benefit the outer islands and the program for increased production from natural forests should go on uninterrupted. There may be a case for accelerating the reafforestation program in view of the favourable results to date, and the need for employment creation in agriculture. 85. Programs which concentrate upon increasing productivity of sugar, copra and rice and upon expansion of several aspects, fisheries, forests and of the livestock industry will help to achieve the aims of improving farmers' income, benefitting large numbers of the farming community, par- ticularly the many involved in sugar and copra production, and of reducing imports. They also meet the desirable aim of employing development programs based upon enterprises of which field experience has already been gained. 86. Rapid improvement of agricultural performance is unlikely. Many of Fiji's agricultural imports are livestock products, substitution for which will require expanded breeding programs or importations of livestock, improved management techniques and farm infrastructure. These will only be achieved over several years. While acreage and yield of cane can be increased rela- tively rapidly, the level of future exports is dependent upon the several agreements which govern Fiji's markets. Increased production from coconut areas, many of which are either immature or excessively old, is a long-term operation. Crops which may be considered for diversification ire likely-to be tree crops; for example, cocoa, passion fruit, macadamia and cashew nuts which require several years to establish and mature. Diversification through livestock will be influenced by the factors already mentioned. 87. The location of selected development programs will be important. Land and human resources are mainly concentrated in Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. Approximately 10 percent of agricultural land supports 13 percent of the population in the outer islands. But these areas produce two thirds of the copra crop and may be important in the future for encouragement of diversi- fication. Diversification can be stimulated by the concentration of resources upon a narrow or a wide range of enterprises within a major program, to develop more slowly. As long as Agriculture Department manpower, which can provide essential stimulus to development, and farmer skills are limiting factors, it is suggested that the immediate scale of development, particularly in new cash crops, is likely to be small. The intention of the Department of Agriculture to assign specialist crop officers (including crops presently grown on a small scale only) to the extension service will help stimulate ANNEX I Page 24 development and reduce the range of responsi.bilities of existing persorAnel. It is, however, desirable that attention should be focussed primarily upon a small number of enterprises supported by the best possible range of services. As departmental recruitment and training and farmer training programs develop, the opportunity to expand the range of diversification will arrive. In the short term this may result in continuing dependence upon some imports and foregoing some export possibilities because the small scale of production would not warrant the use of departmental resources. Exceptions would be those in which no alternatives for development exist -- for example, in the outer islands. Some small scale production, e. g. cocoa, might then be justified on social rather than economic grounds. 88. The main constraints to agricultural development are tile lani tenure system which denies to many farmers a sufficient right to their land for it to be used as security for credit; rural credit; lack of physical infra- structure, especially rural feeder roads; shortage of extension staff with experience particularly, for example, in livestock management; and lack of management experience upon the part of many farmers. To achieve a better sustained performance in agriculture it will be necessary to moderate the impact of these constraints. The land tenure system is unlikely to be changed fundamentally, or is it necessarily desirable that it should be. But it should be used in ways which will allow more rapid and extensive agricultural and forest development. Participation by the Native Lands Trust Board and by groups of mataqali owners in joint ventures is one means, and this will be made possible by the Board's new objective of taking part in development. More satisfactory arrangements between owners and lessees will be needed to ensure that longer-term investments, so vital to raising productivity, can be undertaken. 89. There is an urgent need for additional rural infrastructure. A network of feeder roads is required that takes notice of agricultural expan- sion and whose construction is timed to correspond with new development. Only thuts can commodities be delivered in good condition to collecting points, processing centers and markets at regular intervals. Simple but improved loading facilities are required to link with interisland shipping so that transhipment is quicker, regular and more efficient. 90. Interisland shipping services are inadequate. The proportion of total agricultural production which will come from the outer islands in the next few years is unlikely to justify the expense of a large and frequent service. However, regular services with suitable storage space will be required if progress is to be made. For greater economies of shipping, the desirability of commodity processing and storage on some outer islands merits study. The transport of less perishable value added items such as frozen fish, coconut oil instead of copra, carcasses instead of live animals would give greater flexibility of shipment movement, space and tonnage savings and provide job opportunities on the islands. Producers might expect to achieve higher grades for copra and livestock processed on the islands. ANNEX I Page 25 91. A further constraint to expanded production is the present level of farm management. There is a continuing need to introduce the subsistence farmer to cash farming. This will require an intensification of agricultural extension services and more farmer training. Plans to expand agricultural training facilities should be finalized and implemented. The staff resources of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests will have to be expanded. AGRICULTTRE STATISTICALS TABLES Table Title 1 - Agricultural Land Classification, 1972 2 - Land Ownership Statistics as at December, 1967 3 - Fijian and Indian Holders by Land Tenure of Holding, 1968 Census 4 - Agricultural Holdings by Race and Size, 1968 5 - 3ugar Production, 1960-1972 6 - Selected Statistics on the Coconut Industries 1965-72 7 - Fiji Grade 1 Copra Prices - 1967 to 1973 8 - Rice Production and Imports, 1961-1972 9 - Projected Rice Production and Imports, 1973-1978 (Tons)* 10 - Dairy Production Through Rewa Dairy Cooperative, 1965-1972 11 - Amount and Value of Dairy Imports 12 - Cattle Slaughtered in Registered Slaughter Houses, 1963-1972 13 - Beef Imports, 1965-1972 14 - Pig Meat Production 1965-1972 15 - Pig Meat Imports, 1965-1972 16 - Production and Imports of Eggs and Poultry Yeat, 1968-1972 17 - Imports of Goat Meat (lbs) 1965-1972 18 - Mutton & Lamb Imported, 1965-1972 19 - Fish Sales and Imports, 1968-1972 20 - Timber Production & Trade, 1970-1972 21 - Tentative Indication of Expected Development of Timber Industry 1975-2000 22 - Major Sources and Terms of Rural Credit 23 - Department of Agriculture: Technical Staffing at Nov. 1972 24 - Table of Organization - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests Tabl e I Agricultural Land Classification, 1972 Squ a re Cl ?sa Descrintion Mi es Acreage ARABLE I-AND Class I Land suited to arsble cultivation without improvement (other than by occasional addition of fertilisers) a) suited to a wide range of crops 077.86 305,830 acres b) suited to a narrow range of crops 187.03 119,699 Class II Land suited to arahle cultivation after minor improvements: a) suited to a wide range of crops if regularly supplied with fertilisers 1 9.A8 76,403 h) suited to a vood range of crops if at lease some drainage improvement is provided and in some cases if fertiliser is given regularly as well 41.81 26,758 ClasF III Land suited to arable cultivation after m*aior improvements: a) suited to a wide range of crops if regularly supplied with heavy doses of fertilisers h53.4] 200,182 t b) suited to a narrow range of crops With regular heavy additions of fertilisers and considerable improvements in drainage 209.39 1 314,009 GRAZINC. LAND Class IV Land suiited to grnzing without improvemnent. (other than by additions of fertilisers). a) suited mainly to pastoral farming, alternatively to re-afforestation 708.A?7 1453, 18 if b) suited largely to pastoral farmina if regular additions of fertilisers are provided; to certain orchard crops after minor soil conservation measures and with some fertilisers: alternativel.y to re-afforestation 814.74 37)4.233 c) suited to pastoral farming with heavy addition of fertilizers 1,1408.67 901,148 LAND UNSUITABLE FOR AGRICU1,TIURE Class V Land unsuitable for agricultural development on present knowledge, though it may be of limited use for productive forpstry 29014.778 1.859.059 Source: Department of Agriculture Table 2 Land Ownership Statistics as at December, 1967. I,and Owlqner | Estim.ated Perc3ntare Average I of Total I Acreape i Tnnd Area Fijian communally ownrEd lands 1 3,7489440 | 82. 34 , . . w . I 3,4844 I I Rotuman communally own.ed lands 11t 000 | 21 Freehold (other thnn Crown - freehold) I 446,769 1 9. 87 , _ ~~~~~~I Cro---n Freehold 1 86,943 1. 92 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 'T I I t Cro-un Schedule "A"' 146,880 1 3. 25 I I * Crorn Schedule "B" 85,224 1 1. 88 I 4,525,256 ioo. 00 .t Crown Sc'ledule "A" Lnne' is la,n%I( nhich has reverted to the trovln "is 'Ultimus Haerest on extinction of the Fijian la5r omning unit, but does not include lands of !'atntaqali retorted extinct but not yet trannsfcrred. * Crown Schedule "W" Land is la:nd which was clecreed to be unoccupied and unclai-ed at the da.te of the Deed o'7 Cession in 1874. Source: Department of Lands Table 3 Fijian and Indian Holders by Land Tenure of Holding, 1968 Census Fijian Indian Land Tenure (%) (%) Mat-qali (Fijian customary) 59 - Freehold 2 11 Crown or Native Land Trust Board Lease (NLTB) 27 49 C.S.R. Co. Lease 1 25 Other (inc. share cropping) 11 15 TOTAL 100 100 Source: 1968 Census of Agriculture Table 4 Agricultural Holdings by Race and Size, 1968 Size of Holding Race of Holder: Total (Acres) Fijian Indian (All Holdings) (;%) (X) M W 5 and under 55 20 39 6 -10 13 21 17 11 -25 18 43 29 25 and over 14 16 15 100 100 100 Percentages number of holdings 52 45 100 Average size (acrea) lO.8 15.6 18.1 Source: Census of Agriculture, 1968 Notes: (a) Mean area of land in use 13.5 acres (b) The Census of Agriculture conducted in 1968 showed that the main area of a farm holding in Fiji was about 18 acres, but that this concealed significant variations in the size of holdings between races. While almost 40 percent of all holdings were less than 5 acres compared with only 20 percent in the case of Indians. Fifty-two percent of all holders were Fijian whereas 45 percent were Indains. Just over two-fifths of all holdings were either for subsistence only or mainly subsistence (i.e. more than 50 percent of the produce was for home con- sumption) production. Table 5 Sugar Production, 1960 - 1972 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Acrea Hacvested ('000) .. 63 77 88 103 106 107 111 114 116 114 117 108 Tons Cane 1,168 1,148 1,824 2,337 2,319 2,171 2,192 2,163 2,826 2,339 2,840 2,505 2,203 Cane/Acre Macvested .. 16.2 23.7 26.6 22.5 20.5 20.5 19.5 24.7 20.1 25.0 21.4 20.4 Sugar Prodig6d4 (Loanf 147 144 248 299 308 311 303 291 394 299 355 317 298 Sugar/Acre larveated .. 2.29 3.22 3.40 2.99 2.93 2.83 2.62 3.44 2.55 3.13 2.71 2.76 Price/Tuna Cane F 8 7.32 6.41 6.99 9.80 7.20 6.70 6.49 6.33 6.51 6.73 7.75 8.10 10.05 Value of Sugar Etpurta(F$000) 17.4 11.9 17.0 28.8 35.7 25.0 21.7 23.8 24.9 28.1 31.8 32.9 34.3 Tuna Sugac Eaported 218 136 200 271 311 305 239 318 341 317 329 335 275 Tona Sugar Cocsumed Locally .. .. .. .. ,, ., .. .. 21.5 21.8 21.6 23.2 23.0 Tona Cane/Ton Sugar 7.9 8.0 7.4 7.8 7.5 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.8 8.0 9.1 7.4 Source: Fiji Sugar Corporation, Fiji Sugar Board, and Ministry of Agriculture, Bureau of Statistics not available Table 6 Selected Statistics on the Coconut Industries, 1965 - 72 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 PRODUCTION (Quantity) Copra ('000 tons) 31 25 25 28 33 28 28 29 Coconut oil ('000 tons) 15 15 14 17 20 17 18 18 EXPORT (Quantity) Copra ('000 :ons) 6 2 2 - 1 1 - - Coconut oil ('000 i:ons) 15 14 14 17 17 19 17 15 EXPORT (Value '000 rS f.o2, Copra 991 276 221 - 249 180 - - Coconut oil 3636 2880 2852 4759 3909 5131 3944 2375 UNIT VALUE OF EXPORTS (F$/ton) Copra 165 138 111 - 249 180 - - Coconut oil 242 206 204 280 230 270 232 158 Source : Coconut Board of Fiji, 1973. and Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract, 1970-71. - nil or negligible. Tab]e 7 Fiji Gmrlde 1 Copra Prires - 1.967 to 1973 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 9 Jan I Jan 6 Jan 5 Jn IJan 3Jan 1 Jan F $ 102.00 185.75 136.00 163.25 152.00 84.50 83.25 uS$ 174.58 271.10 208.1 238.92 229.57 150.38 1148.60 ?L iiilyJ 15 Ju]y 21 Jl ?20 u9 Jyly 17 July 16 July F $ 119.50 132.50 12lJ.75 151.75 128.00 69.25 205.00 US$ 202.25 193.38 lQt0.13 223.88 199.20 131.93 335.28 Source: Coconut Board of Fiji * Note: Between 17th June and 22nd July, 1968, prices slumped from, a record "High" of $202.50 to $118.25 necessitating weekly changes as fol]ows: 17 June F$202.50 24 June F$183.5C 1 July F$166.00 8 Julyr 158.75 15 July 132.50 22 July 118.2k Table 8 Rice Production and Imports. 1961-1972 Area Production * Rice Imports Value Acres Tons Padi Tons rice Tons C.I.F. ('OOOF$) 1961 32,100 26,600 12,400 4,150 576 1962 32,100 21,600 11,900 4,340 613 1963 32,100 21,600 11,900 4,700 680 1964 24,700 17,700 9,700 7,600 994 1965 19,800 14,100 7,800 13,400 1,625 1966 19,800 14,100 7,900 10,700 1,481 1967 21,600 14,500 8,300 9,400 1,553 1968 25,000 17,700 10,100 6,400 1,206 1969 24,000 17,700 10,000 8,145 1,507 1970 26,640 20,000 12,000 6,554 1,135 1971 22,070 17,000 10,200 11,440 1,818 1972 22,000 17,000 10,200 11,557 1,351 Source: Bureau of Statistics , Department of Agriculture. * Production are estimates, based on assumed acreage and yields per acre. Table 9 Projected Ries Prodcaction and Imports, 1973-1978 (Tons)* Year Traditionnl Irrigated Imports Total Production rice 1973 15,000 800 17,200 33, 000 1974 17,800 2,600 13,400 33,800 1975 i8,000 6,ooo 10,700 34I,700 1976 18,200 10,400 7,100 35,700 1977 18,400 14,800 3,600 36,800 1978 18,600 19,400 - 38,000 *Draft proposals only Source: Department of Agriculture Table iO Dairy Production Through Rewa Dairy Cooperative, 1965-1972 Milk processed in Butter-fat Total butter % Change gallons at 3.4% supplied to fat supplied on pre- fat content factory as to Rewa - vious cream (lb) (cream and year, Year whole milk) total butter_ fat 1965 299,057 742,390 844,070 - 1966 333,445 793,109 906,479 + 7.4% 1967 367,492 836,533 961,027 + 6.o% 1968 435,503 872,962 1,021,032 + 6.2% 1969 449,234 882,389 1,035,119 - 1.4% 1970 545,684 788,208 973,738 - 5.9% 1971 656,428 737,545 960,728 - 1.3% 1972 717,237 575,962 819,823 -14.0% -Source: Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 Table 11 Amount and Value of Dairy Imports, Amount (lbs butterfat) Value Milk -___---------------- (F$ '000) Year Products Butter Shee Total 1965 196,039 329,751 743,221 1,269,011 1966 182,580 201,584 700,005 1,031!,169. 1967 16h,879 18h,675 764,370 1,1.37,921 920 1968 180,958 312, lhl 1;217515] 1,710, ~?23 970 1969 224,226 424,031 l1l,93,012 2,1 4,,l 1,183 1970 696,430 734I 331 2CJ)59,49hl 3,) i 9),75 5 1,704 1971 672,465 1, 156,352 IL,<;0,i 3 ,35,3bJ 2,000 1972 738,828 1,551, 80 921,-G7 3, 2ll675 2,317 Source: DOpartman't of Agriculture Arnrival Report, 1912 not available Table 1 2 Cattle slaughtered in Registered SLaughter Houses, 1963-1972 Number Average Weight Total Weight Year Killed (lbs) (tons) 1963 10,298 462.5 2J126 1964 10,666 439.1 2,060 1965 9,706 h82.2 2,065 1966 9,587 502.8 2,130 1967 10,956 509.0 2,490 1968 13,548 497.0 3,000 1969 16,219 I94.l 3,517 197C 17,069 467.3 3,560 1971 17,949 h57.7 3,668 1972 14,802 463.0 3,061 Source: Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 Table 13 Beef Imports, 1965-1972 Amount fln lbs) Meat IaF ?resh Canned Total (,C. F$) 1965 217,454 894,838 1,112,492 333 1966 188,436 837,651 1,026,087 325 1967 179,663 669,035 748,698 325 1968 126,188 493,776 619,964 263 1969 86,395 554,000 640,395 257 1970 97,580 674,085 771,665 353 1971 201,129 649,231 850,360 433 1972 282,982 711,232 994,214 617 Source: Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 Table 114 Pig Meat Production 1965-1972 YEAR NC. KILLED WEIGHT (TONS) 1965 3567 104 1966 3081 135 1967 5051 174 1968 57114 215 1969 6927 247 1970 7121 248 1971 7250 277 1972 6591 244 Source: Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 Table 15 Pig Meat Imports, 1965-1972 '000 Pounds Fresh Canned Bacon, Ham Value Pork Pork etc. Total '000 F$ 1965 270 13 135 419 1966 171 26 117 315 1967 175 56 116 352 152 1968 104 28 101 234 102 1969 126 13 109 249 169 1970 310 2 84 398 147 1971 224 7 72 309 155 1972 286 4 145 436 200 Source: Fiji Trade Report, 1971 Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 Not available Table 16 Productior and Imports of Eggs and Poultry Meat, 1968-1972 Poutx-r Meat Production Imports Pbultry Meat Total Eggs Broilers Broilers & ('000 dozens) ('000 lbs) all others Value ___________ ('000 lbs) ('000 F$) 1968 656 552 681 1969 729 660 799 362 108 1970 810 792 946 685 184 1971 900 852 1,027 1,353 350 1972 1,000 744 948 2,349 624 Source: Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 not available Table 17 Imports of Goat Meat (lbs) 1965-1972 Year Goat Meat (lbs) Value ($' 1965 409,092 1966 206,211 1967 198,315 1968 110,381 1969 112,827 21,670 1970 16o,074 33,928 1971 171,739 40,346 1972 254,414 54,439 Source: Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 not available Table 18 Mutton & Lamb Imported, 1965-1972 Amount ('0O0 lbs) Value ('000 F$) Year Fresh Canned Total 1965 2,406 301 2,707 1966 2,178 186 2,365 1967 2,613 227 2,840 1968 2,999 189 3,089 1969 3,139 208 3,347 590 1970 3,545 352 3,897 790 1971 3,266 403 3,669 798 1972 4,614 584 5,198 1,248 Source: Department of Agriculture Annual Report, 1972 ..' not available Table 19 Fish Sales and Imports, 1968-1972 Total Sales Sales by Retained through Muinicipal Fisheries imports of markets Division canned fish (000's lbs) (00015 lbs) (000's F $) 1968 1,800 51 971 1969 1,834 1)42 1,009 1970 1,532 153 851 1971 1,784 164 1,542 1972 1,860 151* 1,278 Sources: Department of Agriculture, Fiji Bureau of Statistics, Fiji 9 9 months only, interrupted by Hurricarne Bebe relief duties. Table 20 Timber Production & Trade, 1970-1972 1970 1971 1972 Log Production million log s. feet 36.5 36.8 39.3 Imports Sawn timber million s. feet 5.2 4.1 61.4 Value c.i.f. 000 F $ 825 666 1,221 Exports Sawn timber million s. feet 1.5 1.4 1.0 Value C.I.F. 000 F $ 292 212 Veneers 4.3 13.6 11.7 million s. feet value C.I.F. 000 F $ 225 218 Source: Forest Department, Suva not available Table 21 Tentative Tndication of Exrected Devel orment of Timber Tndustrv 1975 - 2000 volumes are in roundwood equivalent in millions of hoppus super feet . (10 h.s. ft - 9.5 cu. ft. true measure) ____________________________ _ ____________________ _ _ _valule in m, lT inn v Y':r 1' IwYI & V :.| log p-r:]uotLon Sawn,tood Tcal. Gross f.o.b. varlue rulprwnno TulP- ood ;rom Mcatre Frmr, 3inorlted Trement ;xportS of exporfo 7iI' Ox,sort3 For-st r =nation (ing equ "v.) l. e v. (los equiv.) vlug) lv:;lue) 97r 50 8 48 10 1.5 1930 S8 k. 5 56 43 6.0 - 195 )5 ?7 C, 6 60 8.5 145 4.75 1990 85 73 1 85 75 10.0 290 9.5 2900 60.8 178 120 1'e7 2.5 Source: Forest Department i h S USha~~~~~~ te'2a ! ex :E ! 4'--X2 ;J .t251Ii t2S 3i td, l a PJ a. . c X * z. -t $ ?z } t ffi r X < 25 3 t tl > g y > g .e _ s e o S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ L | j > t F Uo~~~~~~~~~3 I Aj ;n:ii-9" ss~ sX Table 23 Department of Agriculturet Technical Staffing at Nov. 1972 Sstablishuent Total in Poat Expat. in Post Division Graduate Non-Grad Graduate Non-grad Graduate Non-grad 1. Administration 4 9 4 7 2 _ 2, Economic, Planning & Statistics (including Land Use Section) 6 27 6 24 3 - R. .esearch 27 95 22 66 11 - 4. Extension 23 203 14 163 7 - 5. Drainage & Irrigation 5 24 4 20 4 - 6. Animal Health & Production 8 58 5 15 3 - 7. Fiji D'.llege of Agriculture 6 4 5 2 4 8. Quarantine - 9 - 12 - - 79 429 60 309 34 l Source Deoartment of Agriculture Table 24 Table of Organisation - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests for .'.ric; lture, Fi..h;:rie -. ro:ts .'3Litn iirioter fojr *PriiL Lh criec~ F0oO ,t O ScrcrLsry for !-ric.lturc, Fi h.ocjoe3 & Frc.1 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 7) (1 ) (2) ___ _____ ____ DepnrLmc;ui of At.*iCu I Dire-tcr of wricil_ur_ AD/F Ccr.zeIv tUr 3F or&ozo~ Eij~i Co Ll,C~ C | ; ' | v.:-cr I . r I| I t |!| L. I L P/FCA SAIO .D!.,/EPS -O:$ vi- .J:A/D i '-/Dl ADA/R A.D. - Assistant Direrw,t4l Pi',/O P-'-O/I: P.A.O. - Principal Agi.-ulturol Officer { /i9 - o/i P - PrincipaO S.A.O. - Seaiff %,,icui.lbral Officer CURRENT ECONOMIC POSITION AND PROSPECTS OF FIJI ANNEX II - STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table Title 1 - Population and Employment 1.1 - Total Population 1881-10,72 1.2 - Population Characteristics 1960, 1965 and 1970 1.3 - Population Age Distribution, 1972 1.14 - Wage and Sala.ry Employment, by Sector, 1969-1972 1.15 - Employment and Labour Force, 1956-1973 2 - National Income Accounts 2.1 - Expenditures on Gross National Product, 1963-72 (at current market prices) 2.2 - Expenditures on Gross National Product, 1965-72 (at 1968 constant priees) 2.3 - Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost, 1963-72 (at current prices) 2.14 - Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost, 1965-72 (at 1968 prices) 2.5 - National. IncoT,me by Type of Income, 1965-72 (at current market prices) 2.6 - Composition of Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Typ'e of ,conomic Activity, 1968-71 (at current market prices) 2.7 - Composit-ion of Gross Fixed Capita]. Formation by Econom-%c Activity, 1968-71 (at 1968 constant prices) 2.8 - Composition of Gross Domestic Capi.ta.1 Formation, 156,-72 (at current and 1.968 constant market prices) 2.9 - Cormposition of Savings, 1963-72 (at. currenit market nrices) 3 - Balance of Pj.ents and Exterinal Trade 3.1 - Balance of Payments: Goods and Services Account, l'?-7572 3.2 - Balance cf Payments: Consclidated Account, lc,965-l'52 3.3 - Foreign Asset.s of Government and Commerci.) Banks, >'63-72 3.4 - Composition of Exports by lMajor Comm.odity GrouI), 1960-'` 72 3. -I- Volume and Unit, Valuo of Prirci.pal Exports, 196L1-1572 3.6 - Composition of Impnrts, Total and Retairned, l16O-lqT72 3.7 - Directions cf Trade - Exports (f.o.b.), 1963-72 3.8 - Directions of Trade - Imports 'c.i..f.), 19(3-72 3.9 - Trade Indices, 1960-1572 3.10 - Petroleum Products Tmports, 1962-72 3.11 - Re-Exports of Petroleum Products, 1962-72 3.12 - Net Imports of Petroleum Products, 1962-72 4 - External Debt 4.1 - External Debt of Central Giovernment Outstanding by Creditor as of December 31, 1972 4.2 - External Debt and Debt Servicing of Central Tovernment, 1960-72 4.3 - Projected External Debt Servicing of Existing Central .Iovernment 1968-1992 Table Title 5 - Public Finance 5.1 - Financing of Budget Deficit, 1967-73 5.2 - Central Government Current Receipts, 1963-73 5.3 - Central Governnent Current E-xpenditures, 1960-73 5.4 - Central Government Capital Expenditures, 1966-73 6 - Mloney and Banking 6.1 - Money and Quasi-Money, 1964-72 6.2 - Loans and Advances of Trading Banks, 1963-72 6.3 - Consolidated Balance Sheets of Trading and Savings Banks 1963-72 7 - Prices and TWages 7.1 - Indices of Consumer Prices, 1963-72 7.2 - Trends in Money and Real TWages, 1963-72 7.3 - Wage Trends in Major Industrial Groups, 1963-72 7.4 - Index of Building Material Prices 8 - AgricUlture Fornstrv and Fishery 8.1 - Production of Maior Agricultural Commntodities, 1962-72 9 - Miinim, and luairring 9.1 - Selected Statistics for Mining and Quarrying Sector IC - ManufacturiFng 1C.l - Valued Added by M2 jor Industrial Sub-groups, 1968-72 10.2 - Production of Selected 1Mlanufacturers, 1963-72 10.3 - Ind4ces of Industrial Production. 1968-72 1C. - Numrber o CorH3.ni-s Regist-red in Fiji, 196i3-72 11 - Construction 1:.1 - Private Building A-.fviltv: Building Permits and Compn-pc.ion Certificates, 1962-72 11.2 - Private Const,rnetion Activitjr: Building Pcriiits and Complf tion Certificat.s, 1972 12 - Electricii, Gas and 'date 12.1 - Selected Statistics f.,r Elctricity, Gja.s and .Water Sector -3 - Table Tit2e 13 - Transportation and Communication 13.1 - Length of Public Roads, 1965-70 13.2 - New Vehicle Registrations, 1963-72 13.3 - Domestic Airline Operations, 1965-72 13.4 - International Aircraft Arrivals, 1963-72 13.5 - Selected Statistics on Port Operations, 1967-72 13.6 - Size Classification of Vessels Registered in Fiji, 1968-72 14 - Educa.tion 14.1 - Enrolment by Education Levels, 1962-72 15 - Health 15.1 - Infant Mortality Rates, 1962-71 15.2 Hospital Beds Per 1,000 Population, 1960-71 16 - Tourism 16.1 - Tourist Arrivals, 1960-1973 16.2 - Visitor Arrivals by Nationality, 1962-1973 16.3 - Hotel Statistics, 1963-172 Table 1.1 Total Population 1881-1972 in thousands Average Annual Year Fijian Indian Other Total GTrowth Rate 1881 (census !4/) 115 1 11 127 1891 (census 5/4) 106 7 8 121 - 0.5 1901 (census 31/3) 94 17 9 120 - 0.1 1911 (census 2/4) 87 40 13 140 + 1.5 1921 (census 24/4) 84 61 12 157 + 1.2 1936 (census 26/4) 98 85 15 198 + 1.6 1946 (census 2/10) 118 120 22 260 + 2.7 1956 (census 26/9) 148 169 29 346 + 2.9 1966 (census 12/9) 202 241 34 477 +3.3 1967 (mid year est.) 209 245 31 485 1967 (end year est.) 209 249 36 491 + 2.6 1968 (mid year est.) 212 251 32 495 1968 (end year est.) 215 254 33 502 + 2.3 1969 (mid year est.) 217 257 38 506 1969 (end year est.) 220 261 33 514 + 2.3 1970 (mid year est.) 222 264 34 520 1970 (end year est.) 225 266 33 524 + 2.1 1971 (mid year est.) 228 270 33 531 1971 (end year est.) 231 272 32 535 + 2.1 1972 (mid year est.) 234 274 33 541 1972 (end year est.) 237 277 31 545 + 1.8 Source: Bureau of Statistics, "Current 7Sconomic 3tatistics". Table 1. 2 Population Characteristics 1960, 1965 and 1970 Population in thousands 1960 1965 1970 Population Size (mid year) 390 458 520 Percent Fijian 43 42 43 Percent Indian 5 51 51 Birth Rate -- Overall 40.0 35.9 29.9 Fijian 37.4 36.2 29.0 Indian 43.7 37.3 30.8 Death Rate -- Overall 6.7 1/ 5.1 .7 Fijian 7.2 5L5 4.2 Indian 6.5 5.1 5.1 Mligration Rate n.a. + 0.2 - 0.4 2/ Rate of Growth 3.3 - 3.3 2.1 Fertility Rate -- Overall 187.1 166.5 133.2 Fijian 175.0 165.14 131.6 Indian 203.2 173.'4 134 .1 Percent of lPopulation under 15 Years n.a. 44.2 -/ 481.8 Infant Mortality Rate 29.5 2h.4 21.6 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Mission estimates. 1/ Assuming migration is negligible. 2/ Average intersensal growth rate: 1956-66. 3/ As of September 12, 1966. i4 As of December 31, 1971 Table 1.3 Population Age Distribution, 1972 1 in thousands Age Fijians Indians Others Total 0-4 25.0 31.3 3.5 59.9 5-14 79.0 85.7 8.5 163.3 15-24 47.1 62.8 6.3 116.2 25-34 34.0 41.3 4.5 79.7 35-44 24.1 25.9 3.0 53.0 45-64 28.2 25.1 3.8 57.0 65-74 5.9 3.2 1.0 10.1 75 + 1.9 1.0 0.3 3.3 Uncertain 1.5 1.0 0.3 2.7 Total 236.7 277.2 31.3 545.2 Source: Bureau of statistics. 1/ As of December 31, 1972. Table 1.4 Wage and Salary Dnployment, by Sector, 1969-1972 in thousands 1969 1970 1971 1972 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery 2.0 3.8 3.8 2.8 Mining and Quarrying 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.7 Manufacturing 9.5 9.1 10.0 9.8 .lectricity, Gas and Water 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 Construction 7.8 7.4 8.2 8.2 Wholesale and Retail Trade Restaurants and Hotels 7.8 8.7 9.1 9.9 Transport, Storage and Communications 3.1 3.9 4.6 5.2 Finance, Insurance, Real Hstate and Business Services 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.0 Community, Social and Personal Services 11.7 1!4.0 15.6 17.2 Total. 46.4 51.6 56.2 58.4 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Employment aurveys, 1969-1972. Table 1.5 Employment and Labour Force 1956-73 amount in million F$ composition in percent 1956 1966 1970 1973 Agriculture 53.3 67.4 77.1 78.9 Mainly subsistence 25.2 26.2 29.2 31.0 Mainly cash 28.1 41.2 47.9 47.9 Mining 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 Manufacturing 6.4 8.8 12.1 13.0 Construction 6.5 7.3 10.4 13.0 Utilities 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 Commerce 6.2 8.7 11.2 13.0 Tourism 1.1 2.3 2.9 4.8 Other Service 1/ 15.9 23.3 23.6 28.0 Total Employment 92.1 120.6 139.9 154.2 Unemployment 1.2 5.2 9.6 12.8 Labour Force 93.3 125.8 149.5 167.0 Distribution (% of Labour Force) Agriculture 57.1 53.6 52.2 47.3 Mainly subsistence 27.0 20.8 19.5 18.6 Mainly cash 30.1 32.8 32.0 28.7 Mining 2.1 1.5 1.3 1.4 Manufacturing 6.9 7.0 8.1 7.8 Construction 7.0 5.8 7.0 7.8 Utilities 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 Commerce 6.7 6.9 7.5 7.8 Tourism 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.9 Other service 1/ 17.0 18.5 15.8 16.8 Total Employment 98.7 95.9 93.6 92.3 Unemployment 1.3 4.1 6.4 7.7 Labour Force 100i 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1/ Includes for 1956 and 1966, transportation and communications, government, professional, personal services and services n.i.e. Source: Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population 1956 and 1966; Central Planning Office. Table 2.1 Expenditures on Gross National Product 1963-72 (at current market prices) amount in millions Ft composition in percent 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Private consumption expenditure 64.7 70.1 90.3 87.9 92.2 98.5 110.0 124.6 147.3 166.9 General government consumption expenditure 14.0 14.5 15.7 17.2 18.5 19.14 22.1 26.8 30.7 38.2 Fixed capital formation 12.0 13.6 21.0 18.5 24.2 34.1 36.0 34.8 45.9 59.6 Increase in stocks 5.6 8.5 2.1 6.1 1.9 3.7 3.7 7.7 6.7 7.9 Exports of goods and non-factor services 52.5 62.2 54.1 52.0 58.3 69.1 78.9 92.8 105.5 112.8 Less: Imports of goods and non-factor services 50.0 55.7 63.3 57.4 61.8 75.6 85.8 99.0 122.0 143.6 atatistical discrepancy +14.0 -2.0 -3.1 -4.6 -2.5 -3.4 -5.6 4.1 0.9 -3.1 Gross domestic product 102.8 111.2 116.8 119.7 130.8 145.8 159.3 191.8 215.0 238.7 Net factor income from abroad -5.3 -3.3 -4.9 -3.0 -4.2 -6.8 -7.9 -8.2 -10.1 -9.? Gross national product 97.5 107.9 111.9 116.7 126.6 139.0 151.4 183.6 204.9 229.5 Composition Private consumption expenditure 66.3 65.o 80.7 75.3 72.8 70.9 72.7 67.9 71.9 72.7 General government consumption expenditure 14.3 13.4 14.0 14.7 14.6 14.0 14.6 14.6 15.0 16.6 Fixed capital formation 12.3 12.6 18.8 15.9 19.1 24.5 23.8 19.0 22.4 26.0 Increase in stocks 5.7 7.9 1.9 5.2 1.5 2.7 2.4 4.2 3.3 3.14 Exports of goods and non-factor services 53.8 57.8 48.4 44.6 46.1 49.7 52.1 50.5 51.5 49.2 Less: Lmports of goods and non-factor services 51.3 51.6 56.6 49.2 48.8 54.4 56.7 53.9 59.5 62.6 Statistical discrepancy +4.1 -2.0 -2.8 -3.9 -2.0 -2.5 -3.7 2.2 0.3 -1.3 Gross domestic product 105.3 103.1 104.4 102.6 103.3 104.9 105.2 104.5 104.9 104.0 Net factor income from abroad -5.3 -3.1 -4.4 -2.6 -3.3 -4.9 -5.2 -4.5 -4.9 -4.0 Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: a) 1963-67: Bureau of 3tatistics,"The National Income and Balance of Payments Accounts of Fiji', 1970. Data in this report were linked to 1968-72 series by growth rate method. b) 1968-72: Bureau of Statistics,"The National Accounts of Fiji 1968-1972", 1973. Table 2.2 Expenditures on Gross National Product 1965-72 (at 1968 constant market nrices) amount in millions v composition in percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Private consumption expenditure 94.7 91.7 94.9 98.5 108.8 113.4 126.0 133.1 General government consumption expenditure 16.8 18.2 19.1 19.- 21.3 24.8 26.7 35.0 Fixed capital formation 22.8 19.1 24.5 34.1 32.6 29.0 35.4 43.2 Increase in stocks 2.1 6.o 1.8 3.7 3.7 7.t4 5.7 7.2 Exports of goods and non-factor services 53.5 49.1 61.0 69.1 71.1 78.5 87.3 93.5 Less: Imports of goods and non-factor services 68.6 60.9 63.7 75.6 82.9 89.7 104.6 116.6 Statistical discrepancy -2.1 -4.0 -2.5 -3.4 -5.0 5.2 4.7 -5.9 Gross domestic product 119.2 119.2 135.1 145.8 149.6 168.6 181.2 189.9 Net factor income from abroad -5.3 -3.2 -4.3 -6.8 -7.6 -7.!4 -8.9 -7.5 Gross national product 113.9 116.0 130.8 139.0 142.0 161.2 172.3 182.4 Composition Private consumption eATpenditure 83.1 79.1 72.6 70.9 76.6 70.4 73.1 74.8 General government consumption expenditure 14.8 15.7 14.6 14.0 15.0 15.4 15.5 19.7 Fixed capital formation 20.0 16.5 18.7 24.5 23.0 18.0 20.6 21.9 Increase in stocks 1.8 5.2 1.4 2.7 2.6 4.6 3.3 4.0 Ecports of goods and non-factor services 47.0 42.3 46.6 49.7 50.1 4'8.7 50.7 52.5 Less: Imports of goods and non-factor services 60.2 52.5 48.7 54.4 58.4 55.7 60.7 65.5 Statistical discrepancy -1.8 -3.5 -1.9 -2.5 -3.5 3.2 2.7 -3.2 Gross domestic product 104.7 102.8 103.3 lo4.9 105.4 104.6 105.2 10)4.2 Net factor income from abroad -4.7 -2.8 -3.3 -4.9 -5.i -v4.6 -5.2 -4.2 Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source : a) 1963-67: Bureau of Statistics,"The National Income and Balance of Payments Accounts of Fiji", 1970. Data in this report were linked to 1968-72 series by growth rate method. b) 1968-72: Bureau of Statistics,"The National Accounts of Fiji 1968-1972", 1973. Table 2.3 Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost 1963-72 (at current prices) amount in millions F$ composition in percent Sector 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Agriculture, fishing and forestry 38.9 36.7 35.4 34.8 34.7 38.5 38.8 48.2 48.0 51.5 Mining and quarrying 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.8 Manufacturing 16.4 18.2 18.2 18.3 20.0 21.2 20.1 23.7 22.2 24.2 Building and construction 3.5 4.2 3.9 4.4 5.7 7.1 8.8 11.2 13.3 16.3 Transport and communications 5.5 6.3 4-8 5.6 6.7 7.7 9.0 10.4 13.2 14.5 Electricity, gas and water 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.14 3.4 3.7 Wholesale and retail trade 9.0 11.1 17.5 16.8 18.2 19.6 25.0 31.7 41.8 46.6 Banking, insurance and real estate ) 4.0 4.4 5.1 7.2 8.1 10.0 11.8 12.8 Ownership of dwellings 8.0 8.3 7.8 9.1 9.6 10.2 10.7 11.3 12.1 13.1 Public administration and defense ) 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.0 6.7 Other services * 11.6 13.0 8.4 9.8 10.5 11.5 13.0 15.7 17.2 19.2 Less: Discrepancy -2.6 -2.1 -3.0 -2.2 -1.4 -2.0 -2.4 -3.6 -4.1 -4.7 GDP at factor cost 93.9 99.6 104.7 108.8 117.3 129.6 140.5 168.9 187.8 206.7 Composition Agriculture, fishing and forestry 42.4 36.9 33.8 32.0 29.6 29.7 27.6 28.5 25.6 24.9 Mining and quarrying 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 Manufacturing 17.5 18.3 17.4 16.8 17.1 16.4 14.3 14.0 11.8 11.7 Building and construction 3.7 4.2 3.7 4.0 4.9 5.5 6.3 6.6 7.1 7.9 Transport and communications 5.9 6.3 4.6 5.2 5.7 5.9 6.4 6.2 7.0 7.0 Electricity, gas and water 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 Wholesale and retail trade 9.6 11.1 16.7 15.4 15.5 15.1 17.8 18.8 22.3 22.5 Banking, insurance and real estate ) 5 8.4 3.8 4.0 4.4 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.2 Ownership of dwellings ) 7.5 8.4 8.2 7.9 7.6 6.7 6.4 6.3 Public administration and defense ) 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 Other services ) 12.4 13.1 8.0 9.0 9r 8.9 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.3 Less: Discrepancy -2.8 -2.1 -2.9 -2.0 -1.2 -1.5 -1.7 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 GDP at factor cost 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: a) 1963-67: Bureau of 3tatistics,"The N;ational Income and Balance of Payments Accounts cf Fiji", 1970 Data in this report were linked to 1968-72 series by growth rate method. b) 1968-72: Bureau of itatistics,"The National Accounts of Fiji 1968-1972'. 1973. Table 2.4 Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost 1965-72 (at 1968 constant prices) amount in millions F$ composition in percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Agriculture, fishing and forestry 35.4 35.8 36.0 38.5 37.2 40.4 38.8 37.8 Mining and quarrying 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.0 Manufacturing 15.8 13.2 20.3 21.2 17.0 19.4 20.7 21.7 Building and construction 4.5 4.5 5.8 7.1 7.5 7.8 8.7 9.9 Transport and communications 5.4 6.o 7.2 7.7 8.8 10.1 11.9 13.0 Electricity, gas and water 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 Wholesale and retail trade 18.2 17.2 18.8 19.6 24.1 29.8 35.1 37.2 Banking, insurance and real estate 4.2 4.5 5.3 7.2 7.7 8.7 9.5 10.4 Ownership of dwellings 8.1 9.3 9.9 10.2 10.5 10.8 11.0 11.2 Public administration and defense 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 Other services 8.5 9.9 10.5 11.5 12.1 14.2 15.7 17.1 Less: Discrepancy -2.0 -1.3 -1.3 -2.0 -2.2 -3.2 -3.6 -3.9 GDP at factor cost l06.4 107.8 121.3 129.6 131.5 148.0 157.8 164.3 Composition Agriculture, fishing and forestry 33.3 33.2 29.7 29.7 28.3 27.3 24.6 23.0 Mining and quarrying 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.2 Manufacturing 14.9 12.2 16.7 16.4 12.9 13.1 13.1 13.2 Building and construction 4.2 4.2 4.8 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.5 6.o Transport and communications 5.1 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.7 6.8 7.5 7.9 Electricity, gas and water 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4- 1.4 1.5 1.5 lWholesale and retail trade 17.1 16.0 15.5 15.1 18.3 20.0 22.2 22.6 Banking, insurance and real estate 4.0 4.2 4.4 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.o 6.3 Ownership of dwellings 7.6 8.6 8.2 7.9 8.o 7.3 7.0 6.8 Public administration and defense 3.3 3.5 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 Other services 8.0 9.2 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.4 Less: Discrepancy -1.9 -1.2 -1.1 -1.5 -1.7 -2.2 -2.3 -2.4 GDP at factor cost 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: a) 1963-67: Bureau of 3tatistics,"The National Income and Balance of Payments Accounts of Fiji", 1970. Data in this report were linked to 1968-72 series by growth rate method. b) 1968-72: Tureau of .' tatiqtics,"ThFP NAt1rnsl Arnr.mint,s of Fiji 1968-1972", 1973. Table 2.5 National Income by Type of Income 1965-72 (at current market prices) amount in million F composition in nercent 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Wages and salaries 42.4 44.1 49.5 56.1 66.1 73.3 83.8 Tncome from unincorporated enterprises 314.5 35.3 35.6 37.3 .. Private business 19.5 19.8 19.6 20.6 . Rural households 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.7 19.1 20.6 22.7 Gross operating profits 17.2 17.3 18.7 20.9 ,. 28.5 Companies 15.6 15.!4 16.9 18.5 .. 25.5 Savings of public enterprises 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.4 .. 3.0 Income from property 10.6 12.1 13.5 15.3 .. Government 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.6 .. 5.2 5.3 Private 7.9 9.2 10.3 11.7 .. GDP at factor cost lo4.7 108.8 117.3 129.6 140.5 168.9 187.8 206.7 Less: Net Factor Income paid abroad -4.9 -3.0 -4.2 -6.8 -7.9 -8.2 -10.1 -9.2 Less: Capital consumption -5.9 -6.3 -6.6 -6.9 -8.2 -9.0 -9.9 -10.9 National Income 93.9 99.5 106.5 115.9 124.4 151.7 167.8 186.6 Composition ( % ) Wages and salaries 40.5 40.5 42.2 43.3 47.0 43.4 44.6 Income from unincorporated enterprises 33.0 32.5 30.4 28.8 .. Private business 18.7 18.3 16.8 15.9 *- Rural households 14.3 14.2 13.6 12.9 13.6 12.2 12.1 Gross operating profits 16.4 15.9 15.9 16.1 .. 16.9 Comnanies 14.9 14.2 14.4 14.3 .. 15.1 Savings of public enterprises 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.8 .. 1.8 Income from property 10.1 11.1 11.5 11.8 .. Government 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 .. 3.0 2.8 Private 7.5 8.4 8.8 9.0 .. GDP at factor cost 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less: Net Factor Income paid abroad 14.7 2.7 3.6 5.3 5.7 4.9 5.3 14.4 Less: Capital consumption 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 National Income 89.7 91.5 90.8 89.4 88.5 89.8 89.14 90.3 Source: a) 1963-67: Bureau of Statistics,"The National Income and Balance of Payments Accounts of Fiji", 1970. Data in this report were linked to 1968-72 series by growth rate methiod. b) 1968-72: Bureau of 3tatistics,"The National Accounts of Fiji 1968-1972", 1973. Not available. Table 2.6 Composition of Gross Fixed Capital Formation bv Type of Economic Activity 1968-71 (at current market prices) amount in million F$ composition in percent 1968 1969 1970 1971 Amount Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2.h 2.5 3.0 5.4 M4ining and quarrying ) 0.1 Tanufacturing ) 55 5.3 3.4 2.7 Construction o.6 1.2 1.1 1.6 Electricity, gas and water 1.9 2.7 2.4 3.2 Transport and communication 3.2 5.2 5.4 12.0 Wholesale and retail trade ) 13.5_ 6.6 7.3 7.4 Banking, insurance and real estate ) Dwnership of dwellings 2.0 2.1 3.1 3.1 Public administration and defense 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.3 Other services n.a. 9.4= 7.2 8.1 Total 34.1 36.o 34.5 45.9 Composition (W) Agricultures, forestry and fishing 7.0 6.9 8.7 11.8 Mining and quarrying )161 14.8 9.8 6.1 Mlanufacturing1 Construction 1.8 3.3 3.2 3.5 Electricity, gas and water 5.6 7.5 7.0 Transport and communication 9.4 1)45 15.7 26.1 Wholesale and retail trade ) Banking, insurance and real estate ) 39.6al 18.3 21.1 16.1 Ownership of dwellings 5.9 5.8 9.0 6.8 Public administration and defense 365 2.8 4.6 5.0 Other services n.a. 26.1 20.9 17.6 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: a) 1968-72: Bureau of Statistics,"The National Accounts of Fiji 1968-1972", 1973. a/ Includes "Other Services". Table 2.7 Composition of Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Type of Economic Activity 1968-71 (at 1968 constant prices) amount in million F$ composition in percent 1968 1969 1970 1971 Amount Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2.4 2.3 2.6 4.2 Mining and quarrying ) Manufacturing ) 5.5 4.9 3.3 2.4 Construction 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.4 Electricity, gas and water 1.9 2.5 2.1 2.7 Transport and communication 3.2 5.0 4.9 8.8 Wholesale and retail trade ) 5.9 5.7 5.3 Banking, insurance and real estate ) 13.5_ 2.9 0.6 1.0 Ownership of dwellings 2.0 1.8 2.6 1.9 Public administration and defense 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.7 Other services n.a. 5.1 4.8 6.0 Total 34.1 32.6 28.9 35.4 Composition (%) Agriculture, forestry and fishing 7.0 7.1 9.0 11.9 Mining and quarrying ) 17.5 15.0 11.4 6.8 Manufacturing Construction 1.8 3.7 3.5 4.0 Electricity 5.6 7.7 7.3 7.6 Transport and communication 9.4 15.3 19.7 24.9 Wholesale and retail trade ) 18.1 19.7 15.0 Banking, insurance and real estate ) 39.6 8.9 2.1 2.8 Ownership of dwellings 5.9 5.5 9.0 5.4 Public administration and defense 3.5 3.1 4.5 4.8 Other services n.a. 15.6 16.6 16.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: a) 1968-72: Bureau of Statistics,"The National Accounts of Fiji 1968-1972", 1973. a/ Includes "Other Services". Table 2.8 Composition of Gross Domestic Capital Formation 1965-72 amount in millions F` composition in percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount (at current market prices) Fixed Capital Formation 21.0 18.5 24.2 3l4.1 36.0 34.8 45.9 59.6 lublic ... 6.o ... ... 12.4 19.3 19.3 e/ Private *-- 12.5 ... ... ... 22.4 26.6 40.3 e/ Increase in Stocks 2.1 6.1 1.9 3.7 3.7 7.7 6.7 7.9 Gross Domestic Capital Formation 23.1 2'4.6 26.1 37.8 39.7 42.5 52.6 67.5 Composition F'ixed Capital Formation 90.9 75.2 92.7 90.2 90.7 81.9 87.3 88.3 Public ... 24.4 ... ... ... 29.2 32.5 28.6 Private ... 50.8 ... ... ... 52.7 54.8 59.7 Increase in Stocks 9.1 24.8 7.3 9.8 9.3 18.1 12.7 11.7 ,ross Domestic Capital Formation 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Amount (at 1968 constant market prices) Fixed Capital Formation 22.8 19.1 24.5 34.1 32.6 29.0 35.4 43.2 Public .. ... ... ... ... 10.3 14.9 14.0 Private ... ... ... ... ... 18.7 20.5 29.2 Increase in Stocks 2.1 6.0 1.8 3.7 3.7 7.4 5.7 7.2 Gross Domestic Capital Formation 211.9 25.1 26.3 37.8 36.3 36.4 )41.1 50.1 Composition Fixed Capital Formation 91.6 76.1 93.2 90.2 89.8 79.7 86.1 85.7 Fublic ... ... ... ... ... 28.3 36.3 27.8 Frivate ... ... ... ... ... 51.4 )49.9 57.9 Increase in 3tocks 8.2 23.9 6.8 9.8 10.2 20.3 13.9 l-4.3 Gross Domestic Caoital Formation 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100l 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: a) 1963-67: Bureau of 3tatistics,'The National Income and Balance of Payments Akcounts of Fiji", 1970. Data in this rerort were linked to 1968-72 series by growth rate metho,-. b) 1968-72: Bureau of 3tatistics,"The National Accounts of Fiji 196801972', 1973. ... Not available separetely but included in total e/ Staff estimate Tabl e 2.9 Composition of Savings 1963-72 (at current market prices) amount in millions F9; composition in percent 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Gross Savings 17.6 22.1 23.1 24.6 26.1 37.8 39.7 42.5 52.6 67.5 Foreign Savings- -1.3 .. 11.9 5.7 6.2 10.8 10.6 12.2 23.7 33.0 Gross National Savings (incl transfers) 18.9 .. 11.2 18.9 19.9 27.0 29.1 30.3 28.9 34.5 Transfers from abroad 4.1 .. 2.2 2.6 1.5 2.5 4.2 2.2 2.9 7.0 Gross National Savings(excl.transfers) 14.8 .. 9.0 16.3 18.4 24.5 24.9 28.1 26.0 27.5 Net Factor Income paid abroad 5.2 3.3 4.9 3.0 4.2 6.8 7.9 8.2 10.1 9.2 Gross Domestic S3avings 20.0 .. 13.9 19.3 22.6 31.3 32.8 36.3 36.1 36.7 Share in GNP Gross Savings 18.0 20.5 20.7 21.1 20.6 27.2 26.2 23.2 25.7 29.4 Foreign Savings -2.5 .. 10.6 4.9 4.9 7.8 7.0 6.6 11.6 14.4 Gross National Savings(incL transfers) 20.5 .. 10.1 16.2 15.7 19.4 19.2 16.6 14.1 15.0 Transfers from abroad !j.2 .. 2.0 2.2 1.2 1.8 2.8 1.2 1.4 3.1 Gross National Savings excl.transfers) 16.3 .. 8.1 14.0 15.5 17.6 16.4 15.4 12.7 11.9 Net Factor Income paid abroad 5.3 3.1 4.4 2.6 3.3 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.9 4.o Gross Domestic Savings 21.6 .. 12.5 16.6 18.8 22.5 21.6 19.9 17.6 15.9 Source: a) 1963-67: Bureau of Statistics,"The National Income and Balance of Payments Accounts of Fiji", 1970. Data in this report were linked to 1968-72 series by growth rate method. b) 1968-72: Bureau of statistics,'The National Accounts of Fiji 1968-1972", 1973. 1/ Equivalent to goods and services deficit in balance of payment (-surplus) Not available Table 3.1 Balance of Fayments: Goods and services account, 1965-19721/ million F$ 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Receipts Exports f.o.b. 35.1 31.8 35.0 39.9 43.9 50.8 51.8 54.7 Non-Monetary Gold 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.7 4.0 Transportation and Insurance 7.0 6.8 7.3 9.2 10.3 11.6 12.8 12.5 Travel 6.7 7.8 10.2 13.9 18.5 23.4 33.1 37.0 Investment Income 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.4 3.3 4.7 Government Services 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 3.1 3.3 Other Services 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.9 2.0 1.3 Total Pbports 55.6 54.0 59.6 80.7 81.1 95.2 108.8 117.5 Payments Imports f.o.b. 47.2 39.7 45.7 55.3 69.1 80.6 97.3 114.9 Transportation and Insurance 13.3 13.1 12.9 16.7 12.7 14.0 19.3 21.2 Travel 1.1 2.3 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.2 3.1 4.3 Investment Income 6.4 5.0 5.5 B.4 10.1 10.6 13.4 13.9 Government Services 0.3 0.3 o.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 o.6 0.7 Other Services 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.1 Total Imports 67.9 62.4 67.3 84.0 95.9 109.6 135.4 157.4 Trade account Balance -9.1 -149 -7.6 -1?.0 -21.8 -26.5 -42. 9 -56.3 Services Account Balance -5.1 -3.4 -0.1 -1.3 + 7.0 +12.1 +16.3 +16.3 Net Goods and Services Account (surnlus F+7, deficit f-7) -114.2 -8.3 -7.7 -13.3 -14.8 -14.4 -26.6 -40.0 Source: Btureau of Statistics 1/ 1969-1972 revised series Table 3.2 Balance of Payments: Consolidated Accounti' 1965 - 1972L/ million F$ 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 197? Current Account -11.9 - 5.7 - 6.2 -10.8 -10.6 -12.2 -23.7 -33.0 Trade (net) - 9.1 _-777 - 7.b -12.0 -21. 7-26.5 -42.9 --5.3 Exports 38.2 34.8 38.1 43.3 47.3 54.1 54.5 58.7 Imports 47.2 39.8 45.7 55.3 69.1 80.6 97.3 1114.9 Services net - 5.1 - 3.4 - 0.1 - 1.3 + 7.0 +12.1 +16.3 +16.3 Receipts 17.41 19.2 21.5 27.4 33.8 41.1 54.3 58.8 Payments 22.5 22.6 21.6 28.7 ?6.8 2a * 38.1 42.5 Private transfers (net) -0.7 - - 0.4 - 0.9 -0.9 - 1.6 -0.4 + 0.7 Receipts .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.6 4.7 Payments .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.0 14.0 Official transfers (net) 2.9 2.6 1.9 3.4 5.1 3.8 + 3.3 + 6.3 Receipts .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.3 7.4 Payments .. .. ., .. ., .. 1.0 1.1 Capital Account 4.3 2.3 2.0 6.1 6.9 7.4 12.1 21.9 Private long term and other capital (net) 4.4 ?.14 2.3 4.7 5.5 5.6 10.8 22.0 Public loan capital (net) - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.3 1.14 1.4 1.8 1.3 - 0.1 Monetary Sector + 1.2 - 0.6 - 1.2 - - 3.5 - ?.3 + 0.7 +11.6 Commercial banks (net) 1.2 -0.6 - 1.2 - - 3-5 - 2.3 + 0.7 T1.7 Assets 1.5 - 0.5 - 1.3 0.7 - 3.9 - ^.3 - 0.4 2.14 Liabilities - 0.3 - 0.1 0.1 - 0.7 O.1l - + 1.2 9.? Allocation of SDRs - - - - - - - + 1.2 Reserves and Related Items (--increase) + 3.9 + 2.9 + 0.4 - 0.7 - 5.5 - 1.1 - 9.5 -22.3 Liabilities - - - - - - - - Assets - 3.9 - 2.9 - 0.14 0.7 5.5 1.1 9.5 22.3 Monetary gold - - - - - - - - 3DRs - - - - - - - . Reserve nosition in the IMF - - - - - - 2.0 0.1 Central Monetary Authority reserves - 1.7 - 2.6 - 0.3 0.14 4.8 o.14 6.0 19.9 Other official reserves - 2.2 - 0.3 - 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.1 Net Errors and Omissions + 2.5 + 1.1 + 5.0 + 5.4 +12.7 + -,. ? +20.14 +20.6 Source: Bureau of Statistics 1/ Included in the balance of payments are the implicit earnings from Fiji's re-export (incl.fish) trade (i.e. value of re-exportsless their recorded import value). In 1972 for instance such implied earnings were F$4.8 million. Fiji however earns no foreign exchange from re-exports; the difference between the import and export value of re-exports resulting from a particular bookkeeping practice. Fiji's foreign exchange earnings are probably overstated by this discrepancy. I 1969-1972 revised series. not available - nil or negligible Table 3.3 Foreign Assets of Government and Commercial Ranks 1963-72 million F $ 1963 1964 1965 1966 1.967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Official Reserves (net) Currency Fund 4.9 10-0 7.7 5.2 6.2 5.9 8.1.j 11.3 a4.9 31..1 Government 9.9 12.2 12.8 12.7 12.0 12.7 15.0 12.5 14.9 15.6 3DR's - - - - - - - - - 1.3 Reserve Position with PTF - - - - - - - - 2.0 2.1 Fiji Savings Bank 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.9 3.5 Cane Fund 6.1 5.7 3.6 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.7 3.8 h.4 5.9 Total 23.1 30.5 26.6 23.7 23.3 24.0 29.5 30.6 40.1 62.5 Commercial Banks (net) 6.2 7.2 6.1 7.0 8.2 8.? 11.8 14.0 13.3 1.7 Total Assets 29.3 37.7 32.7 30.7 31.5 32.2 4l1.3 44.6 53A14 64.2 Increase in Net Reserves Official 2.8 7.1 -3.9 -2.9 -0.4 0.7 5.5 1.1 9.5 22.4 Commercial Banks 3.8 1.0 -1.1 o.6 1.2 - 3.6 2.2 -0.7 -11.6 Total 6.6 8.2 -5.0 -2.3 0.8 0.7 9.1 3.3 8.8 10.8 3ource: Bureau of Statistics. - nil or negligible Table 3.4 Compositi )n of E.xports by Major Comm.odity (f.o.b.) 1960 - 1972 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ ____ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ mill iDn F$ 19 1,.; 1962 1963 1i964 1Yi5 1 9661967 1 968 1969 1 97( 1971 13972 DOIIeS ti^ ZYooI;S Sugar 17 51 11 " 17.0 28.8 35.7 25.0 21.7 23.8 24.9 28.1 31. 3 35. 3 Coconut Pri'd. oc1;t.s 4.8 '.^ 5.1 4.9 5.9 4.Q 3.5 3- 3 5.1 I. 5 5.7 5.2 2 .6 Cold 2.' 2.5 2.4 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.7 4.0 Bananais 0.4 0.5 024 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 G.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 Other 0 0 . . 1 1.5 1 .3 1.7 1 .5 3.4 3.7 3.8S 3.5 3.- TDta. L). 29. 250 38.8 56.0 35.8- 30.0 32.8 37.3 0. 45'.' 53.3, 5.9 x-,.rt.s (ion,]. fish) ;-.? 5.4 6.5 5.6 6.2 7.7 0.2 9.8 11.7 13.? 17.:5 18.1 20.7 -,a ixonr s 31.0 26 3 3 5 45 3 2.2 52.5 38-.5 52.7 4c.1 53.2 ',2.3 61.1 65.6 I.essq st,cot;s-' . . . . . . . . ., 5.3 5.t 4.4 5.3 5. 83.2 7.1 6. Tst3 . etc (0.'.?. .ntr,;k .. ..Sn .. .. .. 38.2 35.8 3r._1 53.3 57.3 54.1 5.4 58.7 Zu rL -'jiid.11rom ltn t.is> is in c' ' ;Ksugor rij.)Jircts. ' a aircrift end shic st .res and other adldst:e-tncs included elsewhere JO ba'ance r payment. _, l availo .-ma. ..not available Table 3.5 VJolume and TJnit Value of Principal Exncrts, 196j4-1972 unit values in Ft 196hi 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 F Unrefined sugar '000 tons 311 305 239 318 341 317 329 334 275 unit value/ton 115 82 91 75 73 89 97 98 125 Coconut oil '000 tons 23 15 14 14 17 17 19 17 15 unit value/ton 199 246 199 201 277 228 274 238 158 Unrefined gold '000 fine ozs 100 112 110 113 107 95 108 88 81 unit value/oz 28 28 28 28 32 35 31 31 h9 Bananas and plantains case 123 51 116 4B 106 90 79 49 43 unit value/ case 2.L42 2.66 2.79 2.81 3.31 3.20 3.18 3.09 3.11 Fish and fish preparations '000 lbs 1,776 8,o95 13,462 13,161 12,200 19,208 17,72!k 19,193 23,838 unit value! '000 lbs 96 101 17! 159 153 182 249 271 289 Inedible nolasses '000 tons 73 65 85 81 79 117 91 91 83 unit value/ton 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 Manganese ore and tons 761 4,809 5,089 h,360 10,8L5 11,117 38,214 6,079 - concentrates unit value/ton 28 38 30 32 22 12 9 9 Tobacco, unnanufactured '000 lbs .. -. 1 346 363 279 - 155 3S unit value/'000 lbs - - 710 542 474 671 . 685 466 Tobacco, manufact-ured '000 lbs 24 k1O 62 93 128 124 1k7 11k7 120 unit value! 1,512 1,504 1,526 1,513 1,k87 1,501 1,502 1,382 1,283 000 lbs Source: Bureau of Statistics. * not applicable not available - nil or neglible. Table 3.6 Composition of Imports (c.i.f.), Total and Retained, 1960-1972 million F1 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Total Imports Food, beverages and tobacco 8.4 8.4 8.6 9.8 12.4 14.4 13.7 14.4 15.5 17.8 20.0 24.6 28.9 Raw materials 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.4 o.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.9 Fuels, lubricants,etc.4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.2 7.3 8.)h 10.0 11.7 13.1 Chemicals 1.6 2.3 2.6 2.9 4.2 4.6 3.8 3.9 5.0 5.1 5.9 6.5 7.7 Machinery and transport equipment 5.4 6.14 7.0 8.9 11X.0 13.0 10.0 12.1 15.2 16.8 18.9 24.7 32.7 Other manufactured goods 11.5 11.9 10.9 13.5 17.3 18.14 16.0 18.4 23.3 26.9 31.2 38.7 41.4 Other 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 o.6 0.7 1.0 o.6 1.2 2.3 3.3 }4.1 5.9 Total Imports 32.8 34.5 34.8 40.1- 55.3 58.2 50.6 56.3 68.4 77.9 90.5 111.6 131.6 Retained Imports Food, beverages and tobacco .. .. .. 9.5 11.4) 12.6 10.6 12.1 12.6 14.2 14.5 18.8 20.9 Non-food consumer goods .. .. .. 8.7 10.2 10.0 9.4 11.2 13.4 15.2 17.6 20.7 20.8 Intermediate goods .. .. .. 5.5 7.9 8.o 7.2 6.7 8.6 10.7 12.7 13.8 17.5 Fuels .. .. .. 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.5 2.6 3.3 3.7 3.4 5.8 Other .. .. .. 4.8 6.1 6.9 5.7 4.3 6.o 7.'4 9.0 10.lx 11.7 Investment goods .. .. .. 10.4 16.9 17.9 13.1 14.7 18.5 21.1 23.2 31.0 41.0 Total Retained Imports .. .. 34.1 46.4 48.5 40.3 44.7 53.0 61.1 67.9 84.3 100.0 Source: Bureau of Statistics. .. not available Table 3.7 Directions of Trade-Exoorts (f.o.b.) 1963 - 72 million F$ Rest of Rest of non- -if which 9lew Preference Preference Total Freference Year U.X. Australia Zealand 'anada Area Japan :S4 EEE krea Miscellaneous Exports Area (<) Amount 1963 18.6 3.9 1.2 6.8 1.9 1.1 5.1 2.2 0.8 2.9 8l.1 73 1964 20.0 3.7 6.8 5.9 4.6 0.8 4.5 1.9 1.1 2.9 52.2 79 1965 17.7 4.1 2.7 3.7 2.5 1.1 5.1 1.1 0.9 3.5 142.4 72 1966 17.6 4.5 1.3 2.4 2.6 o.6 5.1 0.5 1.2 3.1 38.9 71 1967 17.5 5.2 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.9 6.1 0.3 0.9 3.2 42.7 71 1968 18.6 5.5 2.5 3.1 3.7 2.0 6.7 o.i4 2.1 4.5 49.1 68 1969 18.1 5.5 2.9 4.9 4.6 1.9 8.4 0.5 1.4 ).7 53.2 68 1970 19.6 5.5 4.4 7.2 4.6 2.6 9.8 0.5 2.0 6.1 62.3 66 1971 19.1 4.8 3.7 6.3 5.7 2.3 11.1 0-3 2.3 6.1 61.7 64 1972 19.6 6.6 4.9 4.4 4.1 2.4 184.0 0.)8 3.7 5.5 65.6 60 Composition 1963 !t2.2 8.8 2.7 15.4 8.3 2.5 11.6 5.o 0.9 6.6 100 1968 38.4 7.1 13.0 11.3 8.8 1.5 8.6 3.6 2.1 5.6 130 1965 41.7 9.7 6.4 8.7 5.9 2.6 12.0 3.5 1.2 8.3 100 1966 85.2 11.6 3.3 6.2 6.7 i.5 13.1 1.3 3.1 8.o 100 2.967 41.0 12.2 5.2 5.9 6.6 8.5 18.3 0.7 2.1 7.5 100 1968 37.9 11.2 5.1 6.3 7.5 '.1 13.6 0.8 4.3 9.2 100 1969 34.6 10.3 5.5 9.2 8.6 3.7 15.8 0.9 2.6 8.8 loO 1970 31.4 8.8 7.1 11.6 7.4 4.2 157 o.8 3.2 9.8 100 1971 31.0 7.8 6.0 10.2 9.2 3.7 18.0 0.5 3.7 9.9 10o 1972 29.9 10.1 7.5 6.7 6.3 3.7 21.3 0.6 5.6 8.3 1o0 .iource: Bureau of Statistics. Table 1.8 Directions of Trade-Tmports (c.i.f.) 1963 - 72 million F$ Hong Kong Rest of Rest of non- f which N ea1 Malaysia T'reference Freference Miscel- Total Preference Year U.!5. Australia Zealand Canada 3ingapore Area USA Japan EEo Area laneous !'Yorts trea (.t) Amount 196- 9.5 11.6 2.9 0.3 2.6 3.3 1.3 4.1 1.1 3.4 0.1 40.!4 75.2 1961, 11.9 16.0 3.8 1.2 3.2 3.5 2.0 7.5 1.2 4.8 0.1 55.3 71.6 1963 13.2 16.6 4.6 1.3 3.6 0.9 2.2 7.2 1.3 5.5 0.1 58.2 69.1 1966 10. 4 14.n 4.0 0.8 3.5 3.0 2.8 7.2 1.0 3.7 0.1 50.6 70.5 1967 9.7 15.3, ',.4 1.1 !4.7 3.6 3.2 8.6 2.1 3.5 0.3 56.3 68.9 1968 14.6 20. 1D 6.)4 1.1 4.,4 1.8 3.5 3.8 2.1 5.6 0.1 68.4 70.6 1969 15.5 19.7 7.3 0.8 5.7 4.2 3.7 11.1 2.1 7.7 0.1 77.9 68.3 1970 15.7 21. I 10.9 1.0 6.7 4.4 4.0 13.7 3.3 9.2 0.1 90.l4 60.1 2971 20.1 28.1 12.0 0.9 8.2 4.5 4.5 19.0 3.8 10.3 0.2 1i .6 73.8 1972 24.4 32.I4 16.1 0.9 9.9 3.3 4.0 21.0 4.1 15.1 0.2 131.5 87.0 r omposition 1?63 23.5 28.7 7.2 1.2 6.14 8.2 3.2 10.1 2.7 8.41 0.2 1oo 1964o 21.5 20.9 6.8 2.2 5.8 6.3 3.6 13.6 2.2 8.7 0.2 100 3965 22.7 28.9 7.9 2.2 6.2 1.9 3.8 12.14 2.2 9.14 0.? 100 i-:,6 20.4 2.7 7.9 1.4 6.9 5.9 5.5 1V.2 1.7 7.3 0.2 100 3?67 17.2 27.2 7.8 2.1 8.3 6.4, 5.6 15.2 3.7 6.2 0.? 100 1268 21.3 29.1 9.3 1.G 6.4i 2.6 5.1 12.8 3.1 8., 0.1 .00 1969 19.9 25.2 9.11 1.0 7.3 5.4 4 .7 14.2 2.7 9.8 0.1 1 0 1`70 17.!, 23.7 12.1 1.1 7.4 4.9 4.4 i5.1 3.7 10.1 0.1 100 1971 18.0 25.2 10.8 0.8 7.3 4.o 4'.0 17.0 3.5 9.2 0.2 100 1972 18M6 24.7 12.2 0.7 7.5 2.5 3.0 16.0 3.1 11.5 0.2 100 5ource: Bureau of Statistics. Table 3.9 Trade Indices 1960-1972 (1960 = 100) Imports Excports Unit 1/ IJnit Terms of Value Quantity- Value Quantity Trade 1960 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1961 98.1 102.9 101.9 84.4 103.9 1962 97.9 105.9 99.8 99.2 101.9 1963 95.5 125.1 120.4 126.6 126.1 196)4 100.7 158.2 128.4 1)40.0 127.6 1965 100.9 165.0 10l45 130.8 103.6 1966 102.6 135.7 108.8 107.8 106.0 1967 105.6 148.4 94.7 131.8 89.6 1968 108.6 161.1 100.5 144.0 92.5 1969 112.4 175.6 111.6 13)4.7 G9-3 1970 119.9 190.4 121.1 1L42.6 101.0 1971 126.6 231.2 119.3 137.7 0/-.2 1972 133.4 229.8 1h2.4 119.8 106.7 Source: Bureau of Statistics 1/ Because the composition of imports has changed significantly since 1960, this index's coverage of total imports has been declining. The fall in the index in 1972 is not borne out by other trade data showina a rise in the volume of imports from 674,000-708,000 tons. Tabl e 3.10 Pet.rc].eum Pr: ducis Imports, 1962-72 value in thousands F$ auantity thcusands imperial gals 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1.967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Val ue Motor Spirit, 771 822 951 g92. 81.3 917 1,081 1,137 1,591 1,5142 1,727 Aviation opirit 4171 25C 195 203 221 123 195 1140 72 75 1]49 Aviition rurbir, Fol 1,1IJ3 1,043 2,366 1,678 1,598 2,060 2,L435 3,038 3,325 3,856, 4,959 Kerosene 237 271 33 i 386 274 318 14014 413 715 530 773 Auto Di r sel Fuel 11 9; 297 5982 C99 149t5 671 59 897 841 824 1,313 Light industria. diesel fuel 836 1,017 1,206 9214 1,018 958 1,381 1,21.3 1,7140 2,51 . 1,9149 Tubricating Fuel 273 271 400 363 394 420 462 9148 589 701 7147 Oth-r kinds 20P 2(t 52f. 5Sf, 611 630 761 1 1 0,7 09L 1,!25 Tod-al L,362 4,174 5,59c6 5,632 5,1408 6,10c 7,285 8,3142 9,963 11,614 13,042 excl . other kinds 4,15L9 14,(70 5,0142 5,072 14,799 5,147 6,9517 7,336 8fi,fE79 1(,'10, 12,617 Quantity Motor Spirit. 6,455 7,076 8,861 8,502 7,157 7,821 8,420 8,613 11,1146, 10,979 11,803 Aviation Spirit 3,113 1,3340 1,215) 1,275 1,278 855 883 7569 322 382 1,062 Aviation Turbine Fuel 8,925 8,807 11,828 15,353 114,653 17,617 28,1405 214,2f48 27,376 3 ,218 37,1201 Kerosene 2,015 2,182 2,812 3,222 2 ,1]0 2,466 3,121 3,233 5,,524 3,851 5,S51 Auto Diesel Fuel 14.187 3,2140 5,723 6,471 5,330 7,172 6,2143 9 ,3h1 8,237 7,511 12,220 Light indust-diesel fuel 9,432 11,3914 1.3,319 10,997 12, 467 10, l3 114,474 13,')f8 17,023 22,569 1i,297 Lubricating fuel 1429 1436 609 929 5989 522 635 599 7.1 86' 887 Other kinds Toal (excl.other kinds) 34,563 344,1479 4141,368 46,333' 43,884 47,466 52,081 5','91 71,971 77,00o 87,281 Source: Bureau of Statistics . not applicabl,e Table 3.11 Re-Exports of Petroleum Products, 1962-72 value in thousands v quantity thousands imoerial gals 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 VALUE Motor Spirit 141 128 118 93 96 113 146 167 256 317 348 Aviation Spirit 399 178 151 143 129 161 70 47 40 365 517 Kerosene 21 17 33 28 32 31 45 77 56 67 63 Aviation Turbine Fuel 2,056 1,920 2,220 2,883 2,171 2,509 3,695 3,467 4,659 4,202 4,122 Auto Diesel Fuel 112 108 150 196 205 159 147 380 298 429 472 Light Ind. Diesel Fuel 504 513 258 255 350 402 546 383 557 823 828 Lubricating Oil 19 32 47 43 62 71 89 99 96 123 161 Other Kinds 20 78 129 104 236 22 79 395 534 804 646 TOTAL 3,272 2,973 3,106 3,745 3,281 3,468 4,817 5,015 6,496 7,130 7,156 excl. other kinds 3,252 2,895 2,977 3,641 3,045 3,446 4,738 4,618 5,964 6,328 6,510 QUANTITY Motor Spirit 892 929 760 687 694 827 1,076 1,084 1,610 1,964 2,225 Aviation Spirit 1,810 905 779 749 609 1,104 414 251 212 2,910 3,753 Kerosene 153 119 186 208 231 215 293 533 336 406 408 Aviation Turbine Fuel 9,820 8,348 10,778 14,150 14,762 16,751 22,889 19,300 22,568 30,836 31,133 Auto Diesel Fuel 940 954 1,092 1,665 1,728 1,634 1,164 2,923 2,112 3,229 3,514 Light Ind. Diesel Fuel 3,382 3,706 2,528 2,512 3,269 3,732 4,.963 3,022 4,302 5,901 6,845 Lubricating Oil 40 37 62 52 73 101 J02 102 106 257 569 Other Kinds . TOTAL (excl.other kkdr l 7,037 14,998 16,185 20,023 21,366 24,364 30,901 27,215 31,246 45,503 48,443 Source: Bureau of Statistics . not applicable Table 3.12 Net Imports of Petroleum Products, 1962-72 value in ur,ousands r $ quantity thousands imperial gals 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 VALUE Motor Spirits 636 693 833 832 717 804 935 970 1,335 1,225 1,379 Aviation Spirits 72 72 48 60 92 -38 95 93 32 -290 -368 Kerosene 216 254 306 358 242 287 359 336 659 463 710 Aviation Turbine Fuel -913 -377 -854 -1,205 -590 -449 -1,260 -429 -1,331 -336 -837 Auto Diesel Fuel 303 189 432 397 291 515 452 517 543 395 841 Light Ind. Diesel Fuel 332 504 948 669 668 556 835 780 1,183 1,694 1,121 Lubricating Oil 254 239 353 320 332 349 373 449 493 581 586 Other 188 126 397 456 375 608 682 610 553 783 779 TOTAL 1,090 1,200 2,463 1,887 2,127 2,632 2,471 3,326 3,467 4,515 5,886 Excl. other kinds 902 1,074 2,066 1,431 1,752 2,024 1,789 2,716 2,914 3,732 5,107 QUANTITY Motor Spirits 5,603 6,147 8,101 7,815 6,463 6,994 7,344 7,529 9,836 8,615 9,578 Aviation Spirits 1,303 435 437 526 669 -249 469 518 110 -2,529 -2,691 Kerosene 1,862 2,063 2,626 3,014 2,179 866 2,828 2,700 5,188 3,445 5,243 Aviation Turbine Fuel -894 459 1,050 1,203 -109 2,251 -4,484 4,948 4,808 382 6,286 Auto Diesel Fuel 3,247 2,286 4,631 4,806 3,602 5,538 4,979 6,418 6,125 4,312 8,706 Light Ind. Diesel Fuel 6,020 7,688 10,791 8,475 9,196 7,181 9,511 10,066 13,613 16,668 11,412 Lubricating Oil 385 399 547 477 516 521 533 597 645 604 318 Other . . . . . . . _ . __.__ TOTAL(excl.other kr.ds)17,526 19,477 28,183 26,316 22,418 23,102 21,180 32,776 40,325 31,497 38,838 Source: See Tables 3.10 and 3.11 . not applicable Table 4.1 1/ External Debt of Central Government Outstanding by Creditor as of December 31, 1972 Debt Repayable in Foreign Ourrency in Thousands of U.S. Dbllars Debt Outstanding December 31, 1972 Creditor Country Disbursed Undisbursed Total Type of Creditor Australia 3,406 - 3,406 Privately Placed Bonds 3,406 - 3,406 Asian Dev. Bank 9 4,700 4,709 IBRD 657 13,343 14,000 Loans from Intl. Organizations 666 18,043 18,709 Nauru, Republic of 3,765 - 3,765 United Kingdom 4,034 _ 4,034 Loans from Governments 7,799 - 7,799 Total External Debt of Central Govt. 11,871 18,043 29,914 Note: Debt with a Maturity of Over one Year 1) Net of Accumulated sinking funds: Amount Australia 342 Privately Placed Bonds 342 Nauru, Republic of 187 Loans from Governments 187 TOTAL 529 1/ Including ADB loan of $4.7 million to the Fiji Electricity Authority. - nil or negligible Table 4.2 External Debt and Debt Servicing of Central Government, - 1960 - 72 million US $ Debt Outstanding Debt Outstanding Beginning of Period New Loans Debt Serrice At End of Period Committed Disbursed Committed Disbursed Amort. Interest Total Committed Disbursed 1960 - - - - - - - - - 1961 _- - 1962 - - 5.5 5.5 - - - 5.5 5.5 1963 5.5 5.5 - - 0.1 0.2 0.3 5.14 5.4 1964 5.4 5.4 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 5.3 5.3 1965 5.3 5.3 _- 0.1 0.2 0.3 5.2 5.2 1966 5.2 5.2 _ - 0.1 0.2 0.3 5.1 5.1 1967 5.1 5.1 - - 0.2 0.2 0.4 4.6 4.6 1968 4.6 4.6 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.4 0.5 6.2 6.2 1969 6.2 6.2 4.3 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.7 10.3 10.3 1970 10.2 10.2 - - 0.2 0.7 0.9 10.0 10.0 1971 9.8 9.8 12.9 1.8 0.3 0.7 1.0 22.4 11.3 1972 23.3 12.2 6.9 - 0.3 0.9 1.2 29.9 11.9 Source: IBRD, External Debt Division 1/ Including ADB loan of $4.7 million to Fiji Electricity Authority - nil or negligible Table 4.3 Projected External Debt Servicing of Existing Central Government, 1968-1992 DEBT REPAYABLE IN FOREIGN CURRENCY IN THOUSANDS Of U.S# DOLLARS TOTAL DEST DUTSTANoING TRANIACTZONS OURING PERIOD BEGINNING of PERIOD CANEL- LATIONS, DISBUR5ED INCLUDING COWNITe OlSbuRSt' SERVICE PAYMtNTS ADJUSTo YEAR ONLY UNDISOURSEO NENTs MENTS PRINCIPAL INTEREST TOTAL RENTS :1) (2) Ci) C4) (5) 6) 7) t 1966 4,s79 4,579 1.716 1,716 137 361 5t '24 1969 6'134 6,134 4.256 4,256 182 511 693 2 1970 10*206 10.206 - 22a 702 930 0183 1971 9,795 9r795 125942 1,799 256 747 1,005 852 1972 12188 23,331 6Y9JO - 303 933 1.236 811 1973 l11871 29P914 * 4,128 334 1o08a 1.423 92I9 19,4 16,604 30.519 - 4,772 345 1,38t1 1726 -es 1975 20,9.;4 30,10B - 4,498 357 16958 2.056 1976 23.024 29,670 - 2,123 792 1951 2744 19?7 2A.251 20,700 - 1.2e2 1,053 2,025 3;0t6 ;ii 1Q,8 26.370 270611 - 678 J I,035 3,1I;' . 199 25.824 265337 . 332 15143 20005 3,1*9 1980 24.e53 25* u84 15? 0-185 1.953 3.136 v 1901 23,644 23#7 16 58 3,578 1,810 5#367 e126 1.82 1?,&57 19.871 - 14 35200 1,434 4*634 079 1983 16.492 16.492 ' ' 1.230 1-246 20.77 -r2 1964 15.151 15.1 - ' t1292 1#%61 2,452 ! 1985 13,793 13.798 lo 1354 1,00% 2.425 etc3 1986 12.344 125344 ' ' 1.629 976 2.404 I;l IvOa? io.305 10,005 ' tt223 876 2.096 n122 i9oa it459 9,459 - 1.372 714 2.0066 153 1989 7A;33 7.935 - 1.169 55T 1,726 1990 6,766 5,T66 tP234 470 1,704 1X91 5.531 5J53 1 ' - 1304 379 1A663 - 1992 4*227 4P227 ' 1.232 262 1.514 - 2 Includes ADB loan of $4.7 milliontoFiji Electricity Authority. NOTES: 1. Includes service on all debt listed in Table 4.1, prepared January 7, 1974. 2. ProJected amounts reflect currency realignment at March 1973. Source : IBRD External Debt Division - nil or negligible Table 5.1 Financing of Budg*t Deficit 1967 - 1973 1967 1968 1969 1970 19'71 1,972 Overall Surplus or Deficit -2,1%5 -1,419 3, lOO - *508 1,086 -4L,81 Foreign borroutine (net) - 102 1,385 1,364 2,08'7 1,175 - 396 Loans 1,510 1,527 2.287 1,533 - Sinking funds ... 22 53 91 105 272 Repe~onepyt .. 96 102 1l0 256 1 24k Expenses of issue ... 7 8 ... 2 Domestic borro-4in% (nr') 1,902 1,769 3,541 2,6,?12 2,6O 2, 52 L-~~ans 4,o58 2,500 5,052 4,221 5,391 5,217 Sinking funds 542 69'?9 651 710 77l 933 Heoav,a,maiont 1,564 - 819? 8303 1,745 1,623? Erzxoenses of issue 5 32 41 B2 7 Charge in Government reserves (increase -) 365 -1,735 -8,305 -4,1]7 -5,121 2,50 Total Financing 2,165 1,h19 -34l0O 508 -1,006 h,8in Sourco: Fiji, 1'inistry :4f FinancSe, Report on thte accounts and finances 1960-1972 ... not available separat-ly but included in total - nil. or negligible Table 5.2 Central Government Current Receipts 1963 - 1973 aeo,,nL in thousands F$ composition in percent Category 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 L970 1971 1972 (esUl9aic Tax Revenue 13,335 17_6 18,545 17,667 20,738 23,189 26,765 31.753 4L,092 45,862 52_579 Tunes e oincome arid wca th 4,212 6,006 6,756 7,195 7,818 8,674 10022 11,570 15,623 18,520 21,000 [scone lax 4,024 5,669 '.,526 6,970 7,508 8,487 9,864 11,316 15,358 18,266 20,750 Estatc and gift ctnes 188 334 230 225 310 187 158 254 265 254 250 Taues os international trade 7,740 10,062 10,125 8,893 10,463 11,897 13,769 16,281 19,819 21,690 24,825 Custom duties 5,777 7,463 7,664 6,790 7,662 8,619 11,267 12,195 14,963 16,307 19,153 Port 4 crstoms scrvice too 1,963 2,599 2,461 2,103 2,801 3,078 3,502 3,461 4,086 4,603 4,922 Export duties - - - - - - - 625 770 780 750 Tacos on domestic consumption prodoction and transactions 1,268 1,458 1,514 1,579 2,282 2,433 2,728 3,573 4,497 5,084 6,229 Excise duties 1,194 1,388 1,474 1,538 2,241 2,389 2,669 3,521 4,443 5,032 6,174 Copen tax 74 70 40 41 41 44 59 52 54 52 55 Other Laces 115 164 150 158 175 185 246 329 391 568 525 Other Rec:ipto S 5,49 6,316 6,015 7,340 7,626 9,136 .j,p0 10_335 11.917 3,.210 12,.94 Licenses, lc,sc tc. 2,868 3,455 3,173 3,435 3,387 3,499 3,442 3,419 3,599 3,997 4,115 Rent 275 3ri1 315 348 40C 415 449 490 540 608 824 Intetrst 159 281 452 491 451 496 895 1,121 992 1,294 1,004 Post Office (net) 1,014 1,225 1,432 1,668 1,813 2,225 2,627 2,845 3,357 3,497 4,117 Porc and harbor dues 337 369 403 401 436 519 614 762 917 599 980 Riscellaneeels 596 685 840 994 1,133 1,982 2,773 1,699 2,512 2,815 1,870 Iotal Receipts 19,584 24,oo3 25,160 25,001 28,366 32,325 37,565 42,089 53,009 59,072 65,519 Revenues as Peercet of GDP [us Revenues 13.7 16.4 16.6 15.1 16.4 16.7 12.7 17.. 20.1 20.0 Income ccc. 4.3 5.6 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2 6 6 b.3 7.6 .1 Intoenotiesal erade 7.9 9.3 9.( 7.6 .52 8.6 9.1 8.9 9.7 9.5 Other 1.5 1,5 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.4 0:6cc Ee'.eei'es 5.4 56. 5.9 6.3 6.0 6.6 3.1 5.6 5, 5.7 Total 19.1 2_2 22.5 21.4 22.4 23.3 24.8 22.9 25.9 25.7 Sorc-: FliliStry of Finance, Rcport on the Ac-ntsut a,d Finances, 1960-192 not available nil or negligiblx Tble 5. 3 Central tin*-rnen C.-rrens Eependlcre 7960-1973 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 Ceneral emi-a 27.113 2,013 2,128 2.331 2.598 13,322 3.649 46532 5,006 6.181 7.388 8,753 9,996 Cnn.,-.1 7Ai,en7a7. n 679 455 680 551 652 630 706 1.035 1,314 7.873 2,475 2,920 1.424 ....7-1 208 179 216 213 261 606 791 999 1,038 1.097 1,277 1.433 1.751 ...... Police and Prsop. 7,046 1.010 1.0178 ,035 1,213 1,517 6,523 17.06 7,905 2,310 2,523 2,798 3,436 n 7.... 198 171 199 271 222 261 259 280 310 361 537 550 651 17h-er 182 198 215 211 250 310 320 612 439 546 574 652 734 Socil S-ervi-e 4,074 4.259 4,657 4.693 5.486 6.678 7,296 8,234 9,295 11.659 13,965 16,528 19,731 F7:8rtion 2,771 2,310 2.407 2,534 3,156 3.831 4,222 4,889 5.686 7/374 8,935 10,467 1,081 OsalI , 7,680 1,741 1,836 1.910 27.10 0 2,702 2.775 2,957 3,146 3,771 4,344 5,094 6,243 nil-ara 223 208 214 249 230 95 297 290 334 574 686 953 12,407 >conl Serwlees X4449 4,880 5.116 5,259 5,655 7.676 9,154 10,835 12,115 13.709 15,224 177108 20,576 .7oric,,77,,re. land . nd 97n7ng 763 725 798 034 917 1,405 2,291 2.633 2,893 J,2dl 3,742 4,076 6,132 Trade ad Ind,l..rn 25 27 29 37 41 ,, 58 129 175 216 300 319 405 488 .ra...port and . -nictlon 1,060 1,149 1,377 1,323 7,470 1 850 2,197 3,057 3,682 4,512 5,194 5.362 6.310 Other 2,601 2,979 2,912 3.965 3,727 7 4,363 4,537 4,970 5,324 5,616 5,969 6,525 7,636 P,.hli7 debt Inrer. 678 660 744 712 896 1,062 17153 1,671 1,953 2,263 2,430 3.277 4,245 0,7.tr 27389 2,849 3,218 3,802 3,94 * 1.67 4,619 2,928 2,808 ,1330 3,318 5,696 3,869 7I. 1 13,393 14,661 15,663 16,077 18,559 27.855 26,069 28,300 317177 37,142 42,325 50,962 58,417 5-n 1 inlCy : ot Finanna, Report on th 0,-,ounn and Finances. 1960 1973 not a. . a.Ible Table 5,4 Fiji: Central Covernment Capital Expendit-res 1966-73 thousand F$ General Services 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 (lst ieates) General Administration Finarcial 122 960 446 320 736 1,319 1,510 973 _lustice, Police and Prison 644 108 57 123 444 149 72 Defence - - 10 95 2 52 Other 122 198 314 213 452 765 1,246 671 - - - 2 59 - - Social Services 18 24 40 64 49 63 130 Education Health 762 910 1,018 1,502 1,488 3,314 5,358 5,909 Welfare 220 474 712 617 884 1,057 1,099 1.473 Water napply 542 366 302 881 592 1,753 2,652 3,026 Other - - 4 2 504 1,607 1,410 Economic Services 70 4 - 10 - - Agriculture, Land and Hining Trade end Industry 6,858 3,480 4,260 5,138 6,1 78 6,257 7,284 17,838 Transport and Communications and Works 2,658 1,144 1,060 1,211 1,228 1,467 1,971 4,256 Others 30 22 12 2 133 338 299 360 4,173 2,314 3,186 3,922 4,813 4,374 5,010 13.101 Mlscellaneous - - 2 3 4 58 4 121 372 1,750 1,543 917 2,471 1,139 5,308 Total 7,742 5,622 7,474 E,503 9,319 13,361 15,291 29,728 Source: Mlnistrv of Finance, Report on the Accoun:ts and Finances 1960-72 Fiji, Capital Budget Estimate 1973 - nil or negligible Table 6.1 Money and Quasi-Money a964 - 72 amount in million F t annual increase in percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Money supply Demand deposits 14.3 13.3 14.2 12.7 14.5 19.0 22.0 25.6 31.8 Currency 11.4 9.7 9.5 8.0 8.1 9.6 11.2 13.1 14.3 Total 25.7 23.0 23.7 20.7 22.6 28.6 33.2 38.7 t46.1 Quasi-money 15.8 15.7 16.7 18.6 21.1 25.0 28.9 35.2 42.5 Total liquidity 41.5 38.7 40.4 39.3 43.7 53.6 62.1 73.9 88.6 Annual Increase (%) Money supply 19.0 -10.5 3.0 -12.6 9.2 26.5 16.1 16.6 19.1 Quasi-money ]/ 23.4 -0.6 6.4 11.4 13.4 18.5 15.6 21.8 20.7 Total liquidity 20.6 -6.7 4.)4 -2.7 11.2 22.7 15.9 19.0 19.9 Source : Bureau of ;tatistics, Current Economic Statistics various issues. 1/ Time deposits with trading banks and savings deposits with commercial and savings banks. Table 6.2 Loans and Advances of Commercial Banks 1963 - 72 amount in million F comDosition in mercent 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Amount Agriculture and dairying o.8 1.0 l.) 1.3 1.1 1.1 o.8 0.7 o.8 2.5 T-anufacturing 0.3 o.6 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.6 1.7 Building and construction 0.2 0.' 0.3 0.2 0.24 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.6 3.6 '.ommerce 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.8 )'0o 6.5 7.5 10,6 1VO6 12.1 Other business advances 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.14 2.M 3.7 5.5 9.7 Fersonal advances 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.9 2.3 4.1 Other advances 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.)1 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.8 Total 1/ 7.5 8.1 9.5 0.9 10.4 13.9 15.1 20.9 27.7 31'45 Composition (Z) Agriculture and dairying 10.6 12.3 14.5 13.1 106 7.9 5.3 3.3 2.9 7.2 'Mlanufacturing 4.0 7.)4 9.5 12.1 10o6 12.9 11.3 9.6 9.4 4.9 Building and construction 2.6 3.7 3.2 2.0 3.8 3.6 5.3 5.3 5.8 10. Commerce 44-0 46.9 38.9 38.4 38.5 46.8 49.7 50.7 52.7 35.1 Other business advances 21.3 17.3 17.9 19.2 20.0 17.3 15.9 17.7 19.9 28.1 Personal advances 12.0 12,3 11.6 11.1 9.6 7.9 8.6 9.1 8.3 11.9 Other advances 5.3 1.2 3.2 5.1 6.7 2.9 3.3 3.0 1.1 2.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100l 0 100.0 100.0 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic Statistics, various issues. Totals may not add up due to rounding. 1/ Totals may not add up due to rounding. Table 6.3 Consolidated Balance Sheets of Tr_ding an( Savi_s Banks '963 - 72 A. Trading Banks mnil]icns F$ 1963 1964 1965 1966 1,67 1968 19,69 1570 1971 3197' Liabilities Deuosito S1.1 22.3 20.6 22.9 25.0 7.9 34.7 42.6 59.1 57.5 Demanm. Deposits 12.6 14.3 13.3 14.2 15.4 16. 22.0 27-5 29.8 35.6 Time Deposits 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.8 4.4 4.4 5.0 6.5 ]0.4 Redeposits of Savirigts Banks 3.6 5.3 4.5 4.4 5.8 6.6 8.4 10.0 1]2.7 11. Other liabilities 2.7 3.6 3.1 3.1 2.5 1.2 1.9 2.4 5.0 9.H Due tc banks abroad 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 .. 0.4 0.4 1.6 Other 1.7 2.6 2.4 2.9 1.8 1.2 1.5 2.0 3.)4 To'tal. 21.8 25.9 23.7 25.0 27.5 29.1 36.6 45.0 54.1 , 67.0 Assets Loans aad advances 6.9 7.4 9.- 9.9 10.4 13.9 15.1. 20.9 27.7 34.5 Claims Dn banks abroad 7.2 8.2 6.7 7.5 8.9 8.2 12.1 14.4 14.9 9.8 Cash 1.7 3.9 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.3 3.0 12.6 Local iavestments 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 Other 4.5 4.9 4.1 4.4 4.5 3.6 5.9 6.3 7.6 9.1 Total 21.8 25.9 23.7 25.0 27.5 29.1 36.G6 45.0 54.1 67.0 B. Savings Banks Liabil ities Savingz deposits 9.8 13.1 12.8 13.4 14.8 16.7 20.6 23.8 28.7 32.1 Other 0.1. 0.1 0.1 1.3 2.l4 3.1 3- t 1.0 0.6 Total 9.9 13.2 12.9 14.'7 17.2 19.8 24.5 30.2 29.7 32.7 Assets tedeposits with trading banks 4.0 5.7 5.0 9.0 5.8 6.7 8.8 10.6 12.7 11.5 Government securities 2.6 3.8 4.3 6.G 5.1 5-c 6.4 6.7 7.9 8.o Foreign assets 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.c 2.3 2.)4 2.4 3.0 3.9 3.5 Loans 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4 2.1 . 8 4.1 Other 0.4 0.7 0 . 1.8 3.1 4.0 9. 7.8 2.6 5.0 Total 9.9 23.2 12.9 14.7 17.2 19.8 24.5 30.2 2c.7 32.7 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic Statistics, various issues .. not available Table 7.1 1/ Indices of con3umer Prices, 1963 - 72 (July 1966 = 100.0) 1963 196)4 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Index (July 1968 = 100.0) All items 85.8 88.5 95.5 95.2 96.5 100.2 103.9 108.2 115.2 125.7 Food 81.7 85.8 101.0 94.5 94.5 99.7 103.9 108.3 118.2 131.9 Housing 84.1 82.5 83.2 95.1 96.8 100.0 103.1 106.6 113.3 128.5 Household operations 77.3 82.4j 85.0 89.7 99.4 100.4 101.9 105.1 110.6 114.6 Clothing, footwear 91.9 93.9 94.2 99.8 lo.1 102.8 107.2 118.4 122.3 130.6 Transport 83.0 80.8 80.8 95.8 100.1 100.1 10)4.8 107.2 110.2 114.9 "iscellaneous 99.8 93.5 86.9 89.3 97.6 100.8 105.9 110.8 112.9 119.8 Percentage Increase (a) All items 0.9 3.1 7.9 - 0.3 1.4 3.8 3.7 4.1 8.3 9.1 5zood 0.9 5.0 17.7 - 6.4 - 5.5 4.2 4.2 9.1 11.6 'Housing - 0.8 14.3 1.8 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.4 6.3 13.4 Household operations 1.4 6.6 3.2 5.5 10.8 1.0 1.5 3.1 5.2 3.6 Jlothing, footwear h.9 2.2 003 5.9 1.3 1.7 4.2 10.5 3.3 6.8 Transport -0.8 -2.7 - 18.6 4.5 - 4.7 2.3 2.8 4.3 ''iscellaneous 3.4 -6.3 -7.1 2.8 9.3 3.3 5.1 l.6 1.9 6.1 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Fconomic Statistics, various issues. 1/ For the years 1963-67 the "Retail Prices Index" has been linked to the Consumer Prices Index. The former, which was based on 1959 expenditure patterns, was replaced by the Consumer Price Index in 1968. - nil or negligible Table 7.2 Trends in Money and Real Wages 1963 - 72 (1968 = 100.0) 1963 1961t 1965 1966 1967 1968 i969 1970 1971 1972 Tndex Money wage index 80.0 81.7 83.3 89.2 91.7 100.0 105.8 112.5 12.4.2 139.2 Real wage index 93.2 92.3 87.2 93.7 95.0 99.8 301.8 10).0 107.8 110.7 Annual Increase (9) Money wage index 3.2 2.' 2.0 7.1 2.8 10.9 5.8 6.3 10.4 12.1 Real wage index -1.0 -5.5 7.5 1-.' (.1 2.0 2.2 3.7 2.7 Source: (a) Money wage index from Bureau of Statisti.cs, Current h,onomic Statistics, various issues. (b) Real wage index obtained by deflating money wage index with consumer rrice index in Appendix table 7.1. Table 7.3 lWage Trends in Major Industrial Groups, 1963 - 72 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Daily Mean lzlage (Ft) Agriculture 1.142 1.50 1.148 1.61 1.62 1.58 1.78 1.97 2.13 2.39 Mining 1.81 1.53 1.92 1.98 1.99 2.37 2.38 2.63 2.76 3.07 Manufacturing 1.99 2.03 1.98 2.13 2.20 2.28 2.14 2.55 2.69 3.22 ronstruction 1.60 1.83 1.71 2.06 2.14 2.24 2.40 2.71 2.88 3.21 Electricity 1.95 1.91 2.014 2.214 2.33 2.78 2.)4l 2.53 2.99 2.99 Commerce 1.65 1.149 1.84 1.94 1.89 2.11 2.19 2.35 2.47 3.09 Transport 1.87 1.81 1.83 1.87 1.97 2.23 2.21 2.52 2.86 3.38 Services 1.81 1.61 1.76 1.83 1.87 2.22 2.38 2.75 3.02 3.67 Total 1.76 1.79 1.83 1.96 2.01 2.20 2.32 2.147 P.72 3.05 Percent Increase (') Agriculture *- 5.6 -1.4 8.8 o.6 -2.5 12.7 10.7 8.1 12.2 Mining .. -18.3 25.5 3.1 0.5 19.1 0.4 10.5 4.9 11.2 Manufacturing *- 2.0 -2.5 7.6 3.3 3.6 7.0 4.5 5.5 19.7 ronstruction .. 14.4 -7.0 20.5 3.9 4.7 7.1 12.9 6.3 11.4 Electricity .. - 2.1 6.8 9.8 14.1 19.3 -13.3 5.0 18.2 - Commerce .. -10.7 23.5 5.4 -2.6 11.6 3.8 7.3 5.1 25.1 Transport * - 3.3 1.1 2.2 5.3 13.2 -0.9 114.0 13.5 18.2 Services .. -12.4 9.3 14.0 2.2 18.7 7.2 15.5 9.8 21.5 Total *- 1.7 2.2 7.1 2.6 9.5 5.5 6.5 10.1 12.1 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic 3tatistics, various issues not available Table 7. ) Index of Building Material Prices 1970 -73 (August 1970 = 100) 1972 1973 Item/weight 1970 1971 1972 1st Qtr 1st Qtr All items/1,000 100.2 104.8 110.1 111.8 1L.4 Iood products/303 101.1 105.5 106.3 113.8 105.0 Cement and related pr)ducts!/258 99.1 102.7 11.1 110.6 120.4 Iron and Stee,/227 101.6 109.8 116.8 1I8.5 125.h Paint and glass/61 9-.5 lOL.? 113.0 111.7 l.5.5 Plumbing ware/106 100.1 100.9 ]05. 10L.7 lOf6.i Electrical Fittings/4c) 100.0 I.-3 7'C3.7 8.i 10)4.;, Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic Statistics, various issues Table 8.1 Production of Major Agricultural Commodities, 1962-72 value in thousands F$ Volume Unit 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Sugar cane '000 tons 1,824 2,337 2,319 2,171 2,192 2,163 2,826 2,399 2,840 2,505 2,203 Copra '000 tons 40 41 41 30 25 24 28 33 28 28 29 Bananas '000 cases 1/ 150 196 123 51 122 45 102 90 80 55 - Rice tons 11,200 11,000 9,000 6,ooo 9,000 10,000 14,000 12,600 12,000 10,200 10,200 Beef tons,dressed wt. 2,124 2,126 2,091 2,o89 2,157 2,490 3,007 3,517 3,611 3,667 3,061 Butterfat '000 lbs. 490 681 640 742 793 837 783 882 788 738 576 Timber '000 cu.ft. 3,104 3,476 3,544 4,000 4,087 3,674 3,720 3,741 3,881 3,903 3,922 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract, 1970; Current Economic Statistics, October 1973. 1/ 72 lbs. - nil or negligible TobJ.f- 9.3. Sc:.cct. d St, tatisti -~s .or Mining .Mnd euarrylng Sector 1963 - 72 T t. r:1963 1964 1.965 1'966 1.967 196)8 1969 1.970 1971. 1972 Number of emlpoyDos'i .. . . .. .. .. 2,290 2,296, 2,071? 1,985 2,299 lages an(i sal.aries (F$c'0) .- .. 1,586 1,630 1,885 2,064 1,920 2,340 2,h79, G ross ouitpu., (FTh.i.iion)' 3.8 3.4l 4.1 4.2 4.2 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.2 2.o Gold 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3-5 3.l5 3.2 2.7 4- O)ther metels G0.2 0.1 2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 0 .3 0.1 r7 (,nua rryin, iD0.7 0.5 0. 9 . 0.8 o .8 1.0 1.3 1 i 1. Gold Prodwctio.n (0 .ine oz)_i 10 1(0 ll 113 110 107 92 106 81 75 Sou) res: a,( is o r.ant of Finance, Re.'iepw of Sixth Plan, h1 1'-8.9-77 Xl. hIrd. Tho tional. Inc.'mJ and Balance of Paynents A_counts of Fii: 1;"8-71, Burea'a of Statistics, Thr- Natinwil Acrounts of Fiji, 7, April. 1973, c/' Bnreas of Statistizs, CIirreiit Fconomi: Statis tics, var,ios isswes. not available Table 10.1 Value Added by Major Industrial Sub-Groups 1968-72 million F$ 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 At Current Producers Prices rood, beverages and tobacco 16.1 15.3 13.8 Te;:tiles, wearing apparel etc. 0.2 0.)4 0.4 Wood and wood products 1.3 2.1 2.2 paper and paper products (incl. printing and publishing) 0.6 1.2 1.3 Chemicals 0.8 0.9 0.8 ,'Son-metallic products 0.8 1.3 1.3 Yletals and metal products 1.3 2.3 2.3 Other manufactures 0.1 0.1. Total 21.2 20.1 23.7 22.2 At 1968 Constant Producers Prices Food, beverages and tobacco 16.1 11.8 13.6 13.5 Textiles, wearing apparel etc 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 t'.ood and wood products 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 -aper and paper products (incl. printing and publishing) Oo6 0.6 0.7 0.8 chemicals 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.3 Non-metallic products 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 MAetals and metal products 1.3 1. l 1.5 2.1 2ther manufactures 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 'Total 21.2 17.0 19.24 20.7 source: Bureau of Statistics, T.he National Alccounts of Fiji, 1968-1972, April 1973. Table 10. 2 Production of Selected Manufacturers, 1963 - 72 Unit or quantity 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Meat tons 2253 218J4 2169 2265 ?664 3221h 3764 3860 39)40 2835 Coconut oil 000 tons 22 22 15 15 14 17 20 17 18 18 3ugar 000 tons 299 308 311 303 291 394 299 355 317 298 Beer 000 gallons 448 584 657 766 848 1057 1259 1588 1866 2242 Cigarettes million cigarettes 258 302 321 322 311 344 369 389 405 360 Tobacco 000 pounds 36 37 30 30 20 18 19 20 20 20 Sawmilling 000 cubic feet 3476 3544 4ooo 4087 3674 3720 3741 3881 3903 3922 Matches 000 gross boxes 49 71 86 82 91 95 103 108 126 130 Paints 000 gallons - - - - - 200 192 206 240 244 Soaps tons - - - - - 2865 2239 3798 2983 3547 Cement 000 tons 22 30 37 40 47 50 54 59 77 89 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current economic Statistics, various issues - nil or negligible table 10.3 Indices or Industrial Production, 1968 - 72 Category 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Index (1968 = 100) Gold 100.0 86.0 97.2 61.3 71.0 Food, beverages and tobacco 100.0 82.7 95.6 87.6 83.8 dIood, paint, scap 100.0 88.6 115.3 113.4 122e8 Cement 100.0 108.0 118.0 154L.0 178.0 All items 100.0 84.9 97.8 92.0 87.8 All items except gold and sugar 100.0 106.8 117.3 126.9 127.8 Percent Increase ( % ) Gold 11. 41j.0 13.0 -16.4 -12.7 Food, beverages and tobacco .. 17.3 15.6 - 8.)4 - .3 Wood, paint, soap. -11.4 30.1 - 1.6 8.3 Cement .. 8.0 15.2 - 5.9 -46 All items *- 15.1 9.8 8.2 0.7 All items, except gold and sugar Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic Statistics, various issues 1/ Includes sugar. .. not available Table 1O.14 Number of romnanies Registered in Fiji 1963 - 72 1963 196)4 1965 I.966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Total Registered (at end of year) 385 431 )480 50? 564 641 653 98)4 1195 1)456 Head office in Fiji 299 341 381 W3 463 524 518 833 1030 1269 Public 20 21 20 21 21 21 24 28 30 32 Private 279 320 361 382 d42 503 )49 4 805 1000 1236 Head office overseas 86 90 99 99 101 117 135 151 165 187 in United Kingdom 27 27 30 30 30 33 36 38 38 37 in Australia 30 31 35 37 37 )4h 53 60 67 71 in other countries 29 32 3)4 32 3)4 )40 46 53 60 79 New Registrations (gross) )45 )6 58 59 90 108 152 206 215 265 New Registrations (net) 16 )46 )49 22 6? 77 12 331 211 261 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic Statistics, various issues Table 11.1 Private Building Activity: Building Permits and Completion Certificates, 1962-1972 thousand F't Alterations, Mew Repairs and Commercial New All New Miscellaneous Year Buildings Dwellings Buildings Wforks A.1 'Jorks Value of Building Permits Issued 1962 1,576 1,962 3,538 801 4,339 1963 1,647 2,471 4,123 1,476 5,5914 1964 1,493 3,948 5,4)Y1 2,142 7,583 1965 2,837 3,885 6,722 2,421 9,143 1966 1,995 2,815 14,809 2,258 7,067 1967 4,470 3,790 8,260 2,942 11,202 1968 2,842 5,222 8,064 2,616 10,680 1969 3,843 4,932 8,775 3,699 12,474 1970 2,276 5,941 8,217 4,404 12,621 1971 4,296 7,894 12,190 5,754 17,94i 1972 11,946 7,)41 19,387 3,713 23,100 Value of Completion Certificates Issued 1962 943 1,107 2,050 325 2,375 1963 682 1,230 1,912 068 2,380 19614 959 1,408 2,367 53'4 2,901 1965 1,171 2, 045 3,216 8,1i )t,067 1966 1,155 1,617 2,772 872 3,6Y4 1967 1,924t 1,976 3,900 1,282 5,18? 1968 3,002 1,958 )4,960 1,1114 6,07)t 1969 2,019 2,133 4,152 1,362 5,514 1970 1,308 3,795 5,103 1,956 7,059 1971 1,695 3,085 l,780 2,261 7,011 1972 1/ 1,853 2,222 4,075 1,206 5,281 Source: Bureau of Census and ,tatisties, Current Economic Statistics, July 1973 1/ Provisional data. Table 11.2 Private Construction Activity, Building Permits and Completion Certificates, 1972 thousand F$ Building Completion Permits Certificates Issued Issued Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 32.2 18.5 Mining and Quarrying - - Manufacturing 1,336.3 66.7 E'lectricity, Gas and 7ater 637.2 3.7 Construction 34.4 322.3 lSholesale and Retail Trade 7,111.3 7314.2 Transport, Storage and Communication 179.1 750k Finance Insurance etc. 60.2 79.1 Other Services 4,520.2 1,353.0 Dwellings 9,282.3 2,6 Total 23,193.1 5,297.2 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic ,tatistics, April 1973 - nil or negligible Table 12.1 Selected Indicators for Electricity, Gas and Water Sector 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Power 'Teneration a/ Installed capacity (kw) Fiji ELectricityAluth. 3600 .. .. 10,h00 1J,774 13,0h0 Suva Town Council. 9600 .. .. .. 19,300 .. 34,242 b/ KWH produced (million) 113 120 132 139 158 179 190 Number of R, tablishments Connected a/ Fiji Electricity Auth- ority 2,000 .. .. 5,192 5,972 6,780 Suva Council Area 7,700 .. .. .. 16,000 Source: a! Ministry of Finance, Fiji's Sixth Development Plan, 1971-1975, Nov. 1970 b/ Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic Statistics, various issues. not available Table 13.1 Length of Public Roads 1965-70 miles 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Main roads Total 626 664 664L 664 679 701 Paved 76 80 85 90 96 105 Secondary roads Total 174 207 207 230 239 286 Paved 8 10 12 1$ 17 18 Feeder and country roads 211 295 350 t443 516 553 Residential - 14 15 16 19 19 Unproclaimed 289 157 128 98 98 98 Total 1300 1337 1364 14561 1551 1657 Source: M-inistry of Communications, Wgorks and Tourism Table 13.2 New Vehicle Registrations, 1963 - 72 Type of Vehicle 1963 1961t l965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Private cars 692 967 980 759 897 882 1178 15lW4 1708 1814 Taxis, rental arnd hire cars 282 350 21! 18lt 218 152 253 325 341 228 Trucks 265 J464 4 73 318 377 i58 527 678 792 857 Buses s2 57 142 !z5 33 67 60 67 5 84 Tractors 188 325 269 75 78 108 1140 192 267 211 Motorcycles 39 70 134 100 113 175 225 236 164 131 Others 100 121 173 158 122 139 136 129 202 204 Total 1608 2354 2285 1639 1838 1981 2519 3171 3524 3529 Source: Bureau of 3tatistics, Current Economic *-tatistics, various issues Table 13.3 Domestic Airline Operations, 1965-72 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1 970 1971 1]972 Etegional Flights Number of passengers 6,189 7,616 10,086 13,590 20,2l49 26,062 32,977 37,137 Passenger miles flown ('000) 4,541 5,367 6,855 10,115 Vi,106 18,4t82 22,168 25,920 Fassenger miles as X of seat miles available 60.3 68.0 63.1 52.5 4-2 46.7 57.14 )9*.7 Domestic Flights Number of passengers 51,533 53,h05 63,208 76,ll14 96,670 113,995 1h6,163 171i,886 Fassenger miles flown ('000) X4,50l 4,633 5,499 6,553 8,274 9,747 12,399 14,826 Fassenger miles as :% of seat miles available 59.2 60.2 64.2 57.6 63.3 68.8 65.5 63.2 'rotal '.qumber of passengers 57,722 61,021 73,29.j 89,704 116,919 140,057 179,140 212,023 Yassenger miles flown (TOoo) 9,042 10,000 12,354 16,668 22,380 28,229 34,567 40,746 Source: Bureau of Statistics. Table 13.4 International Aircraft Arrivals 1963 - 72 Origin 1963 196s 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 USA/ramada 532 569 678 695 888 816 817 1080 1362 12o0 Australia lsE!s 509 61s 630 867 9143 901 1137 1315 1430 New Zealand !14l 5)49 608 4W92 507 529 '462 '&h3 648 754 Pacific Islands 14.3 545 800 868 991 769 917 10140 1199 13i2 Total 1910 2172 2734 2685 3253 3057 3097 1700 4524 4726 Source: Bureau of Statistics Table 13.5 Selected Statistics on Fbrt Operations, 1967-72 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Item Number and_Tonnae of Overseas Vessels Arriving Suva No 434 )4 462 431 431 NRT ('000) 1418 1487 1833 1709 1614 Lautoka No 105 113 112 107 135 ... NRT ('000) 344 373 408 424 551 ... Levuka No 232 209 7 16 12 ... NRT ('000) 26 19 8 32 24 ... Total No 771 726 581 554 578 541 NRT ('000) Amount of Cargo Handled ('000 tons) Landed Suva 221 254 275 305 373 358 Lautoka 94 94 111 123 Levuka 17 14 12 17 17 24 Others ... 133 205 172 203 TOTAL 439 474 514 621 674 708 Sipped Sava 94 95 100 128 116 126 Lautoka ... ... 349 354 356 288 Levuka 15 14 27 12 17 21 Others ... ... 108 93 119 83 TOTAL 510 535 583 587 608 518 Total Suva 315 349 375 433 489 484 Lautoka ... ... 443 449 467 411 Levuka 32 28 39 29 34 45 Others ... ... 241 298 291 286 TOTAL 949 1009 1097 1208 1282 1226 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 1970-71 and Current Economic Statistics, various issues. ... not available separately, but included in total. Table 13.6 Size Classification of Vessels Registered in Fiji 1963 - 1972 Class 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Number of Vessels 2.0-9.9 tons 19 55 46 50 56 10.0-19.9 tons 27 28 28 30 30 20.0-29.9 tons 7 8 11 12 12 30.0-49.9 tons 13 14 13 12 13 50.0-79.9 tons 3 3 6 4 4 80.0-1149.9 tons 8 10 11 12 14 150.0 tons and over 5 5 2 3 3 Barges with no means of self-propulsion - - - 1 2 Total 112 123 117 12)4 134 Net Tonnage 2.0-9.9 tons 231 261 251 277 301 10.0-19.9 tons 363 375 401 1422 422 20.0-29.9 tons 178 198 275 302 302 30.0-49.9 tons 507 537 532 477 515 50.0-79.9 tons 201 201 390 252 252 80.0-149.0 tons 809 976 1088 1189 1421 150.0 tons and over 1265 1265 474 656 656 Barges with no means of self-propulsion - - - 1 2 Total 3554 3813 3)411 3576 3871 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Shipping and Aircraft 3tatistics, 1972, June 1973. Table lh.1 Enrolment by Tducation Levels 1962 - 1972 Technical Year Teacher and Year Primary 3econdary Training Vocational Total 1962 809364 6,176 272 332 87,144 1963 84,587 6,378 268 635 91,868 1964 88,849 7,025 229 622 96,725 1965 93,983 7,566 253 696 102,498 1966 99,138 8,466 280 733 108.617 1967 104,971 10,055 313 785 116,12L4 1968 110,912 11,995 294 839 12!4,0)4O 1969 116,154 13,795 322 951 131,222 1970 126,331 18,09)4 358 1,172 Vl45,995 1972 130,440 21,079 426 1,277 153,22? Source: Education Department Annual Reports and Bureau of 3tatistics. Table ].5.1 Infant Mortality Rate, 1960-1971 Rate of Infant Deaths to per 1,000 Live Births Year Fijians Indians Others All Races 1962 36.67 25.-58 18.9)4 29.50 1963 25.38 29.45 23.76 27.)42 1964 27.85 32.68 29.h44 30.49 1965 19.15 29.67 16.07 24. 3 1266 16.40 39.68 15.34 27.92 1967 21.70 27.56 22.02 24653 1968 20.74 29.10 19.35 24.78 1969 21.52 22.34 17.72 21.74 1970 .. .. 1971 20.58 22.35 18.93 21.)40 Source: Annual Reports of Registrar-General. .. not available Table 15.2 Hospital Beds per 1,000 Population, 1960-1971 Hospital Beds Beds per 1,000 Year Available Population 1960 2,21T 5.6 1961 2,153 5 3 1962 2,158 5.1 1963 1,902 Ih. l4 1964 1,841 4.1 1965 1,7h0 3.7 1966 1,699 3.6 1967 1,6014 3.2 1968 1,620 3.2 1969 1,4L72 2.9 1970 1,566 3.0 1971 1,569 2.9 3ource: Annual Reports of M,edical Department. Table 16.1 '1ouris*, Arrivals 1960-]973 in thousands Air Arrivals Through Through Sea Arrivals Passengers Passengers Through 1/ 2 ruise / rChanging on same Total 2/ Passengers Visitors-. Passengers Total Plane Plane Visitors/ Total Visitors- 1960 27.0 2.3 2.9 32.2 4265 11.9 54.t4 14. 3 1961 21.8 2.8 4.1 28.7 )40.4 11.9 52.3 14.7 1962 22.4 3.2 8.7 )4.3 8.3 44.3 15.1 67.7 18.3 1963 34.7 3.6 12.9 51.2 12.14 50.6 20.7 83.7 24.2 1964 31.0 3.4 12.1 46.5 15.7 56.o 28.2 99.9 31.6 1965 32.5 3.0 15.0 50.5 18.0 72.9 37.2 128.1 40.1 1966 35.2 3.4 20.2 58.8 8.2 83.3 41.2 132.7 44.6 1967 40.0 3.3 21.3 64.6 7.3 95.8 52.7 155.8 56.o 1968 40.2 2.6 31.6 74.4 6.9 98.2 63.9 169.0 66.5 1969 44.3 2.8 41.5 88.6 9.8 100.3 82.)4 192.5 85.2 1970 44.6 3.7 411.9 90.2 8.3 131.6 106.3 2)46.2 110.0 1971 36.5 4.5 37.2 78.2 1.2 168.9 1)47.7 3l7.8 152.2 1972 37.8 4.8 46.6 89.2 5.3 198.4 160.8 364,.5 165.6 Jan-Sept 1972 27.6 3.7 34.9 66.2 3.9 149.2 121.2 274.3 124.9 Jan-Sept 1973 28.3 4.1 l42.4 74. 8 151.5 132.7 284.2 136.8 Source: Bureau of 3tatistics 1/ 3ynonomous with liner passengers defined as those who arrive and depart on a scheduled liner and which seldom stays more than 12 hours. 2/ A visitor is a person other than a Fiji resident, who usually stays at least 24 hours in viji or who stays overnight in accommodations within Fiji. A cruise passenger is a person who arrives and departs on the same vessel, which is a cruise ship, and uses that vesselts accommodation during the duration of his stay in Fiji. Table 16.2 Visitor Arrival s by 'lationality, 1962-1973 in thousands Jew Facific Continental Australian Zealander American British Canadian Tslander -hroneans Others Total i962 2.7 3.6 5.*I 2.0 0.5 2.l4 a/ 1.5 18.3 1963 4.8 5.7 6.o 1.8 0.7 3.24 a/ 1.8 2L.2 1961k 7.5 7.8 7.8 2.1 0.9 3.0 1.7 0.7 31.6 1965 9.1 11.2 9.5 3.0 1.3 3.2 1.6 1.2 20.1 1966 10.1 12.3 10.2 4' 1.3 3.8 2.0 0.9 44.6 1967 14. 9 14i.8 12.8 3.7 1.7 44 2.0 1.9 56.o 1968 21.4 13.2 16.7 3.9 2.3 5.8 1.8 1.4 66.5 1969 26.9 15.8 22.3 5.7 3.7 6.4 2.9 1.6 85.2 1970 34-4 19.1 31.3 6.5 5.6 724 3.4 2.)4 110.0 1971 h5.5 25.8 44.5 7.9 9.8 10.1 5.2 3.3 152.2 1972 47.8 33.3 3.'4 7.7 10.9 12.0 5.3 5.3 165.6 Jan-Sent 1972 36.8 27.2 31.8 5.&t 8.0 9.0 3.7 3.6 12Lo.9 Jan-Sept 1973 39.9 33.3 29.9 5.9 8.6 11.1 !4.0 4.1 136.8 Source: Bureau of Statistics a/ Included in others. Table 16.3 Hotel 3tatistics, 1963-1972 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Percentage of hotel rooms covered 90 88 89 86 100 99 100 100 100 100 Number of beds available at end of year 853 874 1,001 1,070 1,894 2,995 3,105 3,4>09 4,80o 5,633 - Number of rooms available at end of year 492 508 570 620 1,059 1,382 1,462 1,679 2,269 2,577 e/ Receipts from meals and accommodation (F;ro000) 1,156 1,398 1,600 1,74Lh 2,498 3,649 5,189 6,913 9,962 11,564 Receipts from bar and liquor sales (F$'o000) 1,126 1,420 1,542 1,52h 2,012 2,465 2,791 3,065 3,612 3,987 TbImloyees (including part-time) at end of year 728 814 904 883 1,274 1,757 1,857 2,164 2,892 3,073 Bed occupancy rate 1/ 56 61 66 59 56 47 49 56 60 57 Room occuDancy rate 1/ . . .. .. .. .. 64 70 72 68 Source: Bureau of Statistics, Current Economic ,tatistics. 1/ Applies only to hotels with over 30 beds. e/ Mtission estimate. not available