46950 2008 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON AFRICA Africa 12-2-08.indd 1 12/2/08 12:20:16 P Copyright ©2009 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing December 2008 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202­522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. For more information about the Africa Development Indicators suite of products, please visit our web site at www.worldbank.org/afr or email: adi@worldbank.org. To order The Little Data Book on Africa 2008/09, Africa Development Indicators 2008/09, African Development Indicators 2008/09 CD-ROM, and Africa Development Indicators Online, please visit the publications web site at www.worldbank.org/publications, email books@worldbank.org, or call 1-800-645-7247 or 703-661-1580. Discounts apply for residents of Africa. To subscribe to Africa Development Indicators Online please visit: http://publications.worldbank.org/ADI ISBN: 978­0­8213­7788­8 e-ISBN: 978­0­8213­7814­4 DOI: 10.1596/978­0­8213­7788­8 SKU: 17788 The Little Data Book on Africa 2008/09 is a product of the Africa Region. Editing, design, and layout by Word Express, Inc, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, UK. X X X XX XX XX Africa 12-2-08.indd 2 12/2/08 12:20:16 P Contents Acknowledgments................................................................................iv Introduction ..........................................................................................v User Guide ...........................................................................................vi Country tables (in alphabetical order) ....................................................1 Algeria..........................................................................................2 Angola..........................................................................................4 Benin............................................................................................6 Botswana .....................................................................................8 Burkina Faso ..............................................................................10 Burundi ......................................................................................12 Cameroon...................................................................................14 Cape Verde.................................................................................16 Central African Republic..............................................................18 Chad ..........................................................................................20 Comoros.....................................................................................22 Congo, Rep.................................................................................24 Congo, Dem. Rep........................................................................26 Côte d'Ivoire...............................................................................28 Djibouti.......................................................................................30 Egypt, Arab Rep..........................................................................32 Eritrea........................................................................................34 Ethiopia......................................................................................36 Equatorial Guinea........................................................................38 Gabon.........................................................................................40 Gambia, The ...............................................................................42 Ghana.........................................................................................44 Guinea........................................................................................46 Guinea-Bissau.............................................................................48 Kenya.........................................................................................50 Lesotho ......................................................................................52 Liberia........................................................................................54 Libya ..........................................................................................56 Madagascar................................................................................58 Malawi .......................................................................................60 Mali............................................................................................62 Mauritania..................................................................................64 Mauritius....................................................................................66 Morocco.....................................................................................68 Mozambique ...............................................................................70 Namibia......................................................................................72 Niger ..........................................................................................74 Nigeria .......................................................................................76 Rwanda ......................................................................................78 São Tomé and Principe................................................................80 Senegal......................................................................................82 Seychelles..................................................................................84 Sierra Leone ...............................................................................86 Somalia ......................................................................................88 South Africa................................................................................90 Sudan.........................................................................................92 Swaziland ...................................................................................94 Tanzania .....................................................................................96 Togo...........................................................................................98 Tunisia......................................................................................100 Uganda.....................................................................................102 Zambia.....................................................................................104 Zimbabwe.................................................................................106 Glossary............................................................................................108 The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 iii Africa 12-2-08.indd 3 12/2/08 12:20:17 P Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Africa 2008/09 is a product of the Africa Region. Jorge Saba Arbache was the manager of this book and its companions. Rose Mungai led the work on data gathering, consistency checks and com- pilation. The core team included Mehdi Akhlaghi, Mpho Chinyolo, Francoise Genouille, Jane Njuguna, and Christophe Rockmore. Shantayanan Devarajan, chief economist for the Africa Region, provided overall guidance and supervision. Word Express, Inc, provided design, editing, and layout. Dohatec New Media prepared the navigation structure and interface de- sign of the Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 CD-ROM. iv 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 4 12/2/08 12:20:17 P Introduction The Little Data Book on Africa 2008/09 is a pocket edition of Africa De- velopment Indicators 2008/09. It contains some 115 key indicators on economics, human development, governance, and partnership and is in- tended as a quick reference for users of the Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 book and African Development Indicators Online. The country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries in Africa. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 v Africa 12-2-08.indd 5 12/2/08 12:20:17 P User Guide Countries are listed alphabetically. Statistics Data are shown for economies as they were constituted in 2006, and his- torical data are revised to reflect current political arrangements. Excep- tions are noted throughout the tables. Data will, however, be provided for doing business, investment climate, Governance and anticorruption indica- tors, and Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings (CPIA) for later years (2007­08). Data in the table are for 2006, 2007 or 2008, except where otherwise noted. Data in italics are the most recent values for the period 2000­2005. Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year. .. means that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data in the years shown $ means U.S. dollars 0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. Dash or hyphen in dates, as in 2004­06, means that the period of time straddles between those years. A blank means not applicable or, for an aggregate, not analytically mean- ingful. Data consistency, reliability and comparability Considerable effort has been made to harmonize the data, but full compara- bility cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting indicators. Many factors affect data availability, comparability, and reliability. Data coverage may not be complete because of special circumstances affect- ing the collection and reporting of data, such as conflicts. Except where otherwise stated, growth rates are in real terms. vi 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 6 12/2/08 12:20:17 P Country tables The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 1 Africa 12-2-08.indd 1 12/2/08 12:20:17 P Algeria North Country Africa Population (millions) 33.4 154.2 Population growth (%) 1.5 1.6 GNI per capita ($) 3,110 2,333 Economic density (current $/sq km) 48,897 64,481 GDP ($ millions) 116,459 370,017 GDP growth (%) 1.8 5.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,123 2,060 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.3 3.9 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 164 117 CPI (% change) 2.5 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 7.9 10.3 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 57.4 41.9 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 28.1 40.9 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 10.3 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 13.6 0.0 Central government revenue (% of GDP) 46.2 36.2 Total external debt (% of GDP) 4.8 19.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 54.1 37.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.0 23.5 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.1 14.8 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 110.5 106.1 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 83.2 77.2 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 21.8 26.6 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 14 9 Starting a business, time (days) 24 14 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 13.2 15.4 Registering property, time (days) 51 83 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 630 705 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 451 447 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 74 57 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 9 3 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 17 10 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 48 47 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 49 34 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 5 4 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 70 68 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 45 .. Real interest rate (%) ­3 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 12 38 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 64 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 21 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 47 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 50 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 48 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 14 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 37 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.9 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 144 1,265 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 134 139 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,503 2,906 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 39 2 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 2 12/2/08 12:20:17 P North Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23 31 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 133 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 83 85 Export diversification index (%) 2 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 17,080 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 12,300 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 36 47 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 51 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 38 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 95 71 Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 180 159 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 22 24 Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 91 96 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.10 .. Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,000 .. Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 85 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 24 25 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 90 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 99 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 62 54 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 84 80 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 39 28 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 87 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 81 87 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 87 60 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 98 90 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 71 53 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 7 10 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles .. Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Combined polity score 2.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 209 2,596 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.2 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 6 17 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 205 1,628 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 7 165 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) ­4 803 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 3 Africa 12-2-08.indd 3 12/2/08 12:20:17 P Angola Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 16.6 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.9 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 1,970 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 36,226 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 45,163 744,731 GDP growth (%) 18.6 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,069 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 15.3 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 255 164 CPI (% change) 11.7 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 8.9 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 69.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 21.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 23.7 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 46.4 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 21.2 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 49.5 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 2.4 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 17.8 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.9 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 12 11 Starting a business, time (days) 119 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 343.7 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 334 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,011 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 5 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 272 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 53 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 16 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 28 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 69 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 60 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 8 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 10 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 41 .. Real interest rate (%) 4 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 7 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 36 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 32 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 37 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 23 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 55 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 46 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 21 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.2 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 23 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 31 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 485 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74 37 4 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 4 12/2/08 12:20:18 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) ­228 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 45 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 66 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 154 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 260 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 45 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,400 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 51 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 48 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 2.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 11,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 72 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 84 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 92 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 76 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 62 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 39 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 16 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 79 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 14 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Combined polity score ­2.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 171 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.4 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 10 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) ­55 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 102 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 124 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 5 Africa 12-2-08.indd 5 12/2/08 12:20:18 P Benin Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 8.8 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.2 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 530 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 41,796 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 4,623 744,731 GDP growth (%) 3.8 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 323 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.6 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 163 164 CPI (% change) 3.8 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 32.2 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 13.4 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 54.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­5.3 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 0.3 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 19.5 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 17.8 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 6.9 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 95.9 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 32.5 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5.1 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 82 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 7 11 Starting a business, time (days) 31 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 195.0 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 120 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 825 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 270 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 73 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 6 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 12 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 40 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 72 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 22 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 10 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 172 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 17 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 84 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 47 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 88 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 73 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 69 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 35 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 26 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 0 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 1 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,125 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13 37 6 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 6 12/2/08 12:20:18 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 92 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 5 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 53 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 60 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 36 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 88 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 148 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 79 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 840 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 39 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 89 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.20 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 3,300 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 64 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 44 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 45 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 71 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 86 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 55 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 78 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 57 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 11 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 59 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 6 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 13 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 10 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 32.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.6 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.3 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.4 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Combined polity score 7.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 375 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 8.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 43 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 228 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 147 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 460 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 7 Africa 12-2-08.indd 7 12/2/08 12:20:18 P Botswana Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 1.9 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.2 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 5,680 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 19,421 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 11,006 744,731 GDP growth (%) 3.4 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,511 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 131 164 CPI (% change) 11.6 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 1.7 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 50.9 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 39.6 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 17.6 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 39.9 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 3.7 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 52.4 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.0 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 106.7 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 76.5 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5.1 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 78 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 108 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 9.9 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 11 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 987 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 8 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 140 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 17 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 1 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 3 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 20 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 2 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 33 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 43 .. Real interest rate (%) 1 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 19 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 23 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 70 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 24 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 25 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 41 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 7 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 9 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 20 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.3 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 122 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 159 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 341 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51 37 8 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 8 12/2/08 12:20:19 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 98 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 2 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 536 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 79 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 42 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 58 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 124 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 94 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 380 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 29 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 90 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 23.90 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 11,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 95 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 24 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 94 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 101 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 59 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 71 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 48 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 100 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 90 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 30 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 60 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 51 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 4 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.9 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.8 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.7 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.5 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.7 Combined polity score 9.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 65 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.6 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 35 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 36 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 30 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 9 Africa 12-2-08.indd 9 12/2/08 12:20:19 P Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 14.4 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.1 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 420 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 21,094 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 5,771 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.5 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 258 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.4 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 156 164 CPI (% change) 2.3 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 32.8 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 22.0 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 43.7 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­10.3 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­6.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 13.0 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 19.8 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 2.8 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 59.8 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 14.5 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.3 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 96 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 6 11 Starting a business, time (days) 18 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 82.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 182 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 446 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 270 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 48 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 3 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 5 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 51 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 10 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 10 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 4 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 338 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 18 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 54 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 39 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 18 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 75 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 80 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 49 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 13 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 126 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 4 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,127 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12 37 10 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 10 12/2/08 12:20:19 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 96 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 2 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 8 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 81 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 66 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 46 .. Gini index 40 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 122 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 204 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 54 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 700 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 43 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 88 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.60 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 9,200 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 31 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 46 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 33 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 80 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 85 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 80 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 97 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 66 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 6 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 41 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 54 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 8 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 20 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 25.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Combined polity score 0.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 871 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 15.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 61 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 386 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 10 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 475 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 930 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 2 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 11 Africa 12-2-08.indd 11 12/2/08 12:20:20 P Burundi Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 8.2 782.5 Population growth (%) 4.0 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 100 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 35,172 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 903 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.1 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 102 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.1 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 109 164 CPI (% change) 2.8 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 31.6 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 18.2 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 41.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­14.9 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 35.5 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 156.2 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) ­20.2 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 103.2 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 14.3 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.2 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 98 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 43 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 251.0 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 94 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 558 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 4 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 140 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 279 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 11 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 30 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 12 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 10 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 480 .. Real interest rate (%) 14 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 25 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 20 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 41 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 20 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 36 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 51 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 72 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 4 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 35 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 2 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,330 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11 37 12 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 12 12/2/08 12:20:20 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 73 112 Export diversification index (%) 3 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 0 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 90 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 66 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 49 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 109 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 181 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 34 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 63 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 75 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 8 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 2.00 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 11,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 36 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 54 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 73 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 89 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 93 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 94 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 93 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 84 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 70 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 41 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 44 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 3 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.0 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 415 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 45.9 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 51 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 222 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 192 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,472 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 1 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 13 Africa 12-2-08.indd 13 12/2/08 12:20:20 P Cameroon Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 18.2 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.1 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 980 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 38,576 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 17,953 744,731 GDP growth (%) 3.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 686 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.1 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 144 164 CPI (% change) 5.1 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 19.3 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 31.5 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 46.6 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­3.9 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 11.6 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 17.7 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.9 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 107.2 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 23.7 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6.7 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 85 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 13 11 Starting a business, time (days) 37 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 129.2 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 93 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 800 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 1,400 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 52 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 12 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 79 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 13 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 46 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 10 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 107 .. Real interest rate (%) 11 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 52 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 26 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 33 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 76 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 68 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 61 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 10 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 8 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 79 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 1 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,408 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23 37 14 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 14 12/2/08 12:20:21 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 108 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 113 112 Export diversification index (%) 3 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 21 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 45 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 40 .. Gini index 45 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 87 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 149 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 63 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 35 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 73 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 5.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 39,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 52 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 45 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 83 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 68 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 81 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 54 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 88 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 47 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 42 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 58 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 77 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 16 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 18 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 5 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 2 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 20.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.2 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Combined polity score ­4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,684 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 9.4 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 93 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,505 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 6 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 173 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 4,917 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 15 Africa 12-2-08.indd 15 12/2/08 12:20:21 P Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 0.5 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.3 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 2,190 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 293,210 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 1,182 744,731 GDP growth (%) 10.7 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,383 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 8.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 165 164 CPI (% change) 5.4 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 8.8 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 16.3 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 74.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­3.4 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24.2 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 50.9 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 4.7 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 38.1 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 29.4 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105.7 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 80.2 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 7.9 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 85 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 12 11 Starting a business, time (days) 52 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 40.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 83 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 425 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 1 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 100 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 54 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 11 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 44 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 13 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 69 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 335 .. Real interest rate (%) 4 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 48 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 16 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 62 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 28 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 50 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 39 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 65 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 15 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 16 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.1 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 48 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 12 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 355 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19 37 16 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 16 12/2/08 12:20:21 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 59 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 9 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 123 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 136 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 42 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 62 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 51 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 34 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 210 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 65 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) .. 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS .. 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 92 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 25 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 96 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 103 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 56 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 78 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 37 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 86 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 73 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 19 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 61 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 35 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 6 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 4.2 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.8 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.9 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 1.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.6 Combined polity score .. Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 138 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 11.7 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 267 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 99 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 38 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 17 Africa 12-2-08.indd 17 12/2/08 12:20:21 P Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 4.3 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 370 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 2,371 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 1,477 744,731 GDP growth (%) 4.0 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 223 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 155 164 CPI (% change) 2.9 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 53.4 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 14.8 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 27.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­0.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 9.5 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 69.0 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 1.1 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 5.6 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 60.7 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 11.5 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.1 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 14 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 205.4 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 75 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 660 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 504 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 204 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 61 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 39 .. Real interest rate (%) 11 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 7 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 3 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 0 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,074 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14 37 18 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 18 12/2/08 12:20:22 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 72 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 129 112 Export diversification index (%) 4 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 62 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 44 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 115 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 175 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 53 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 980 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 45 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 35 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 6.30 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 11,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 24 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 59 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 80 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 71 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 90 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 51 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 25 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 40 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 3 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 0 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.5 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.8 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Combined polity score ­1.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 134 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 9.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 31 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 65 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 69 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 4 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 19 Africa 12-2-08.indd 19 12/2/08 12:20:22 P Chad Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 10.5 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.2 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 440 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 5,003 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 6,300 744,731 GDP growth (%) 0.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 266 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­2.9 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 227 164 CPI (% change) 8.0 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 20.9 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 55.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 25.1 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 11.1 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 28.1 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 39.8 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 75.6 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15.2 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.2 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 50 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 19 11 Starting a business, time (days) 75 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 188.8 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 44 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 743 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 122 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 64 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 4 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 1 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 27 .. Real interest rate (%) 9 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 3 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.8 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 49 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 0 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 750 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61 37 20 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 20 12/2/08 12:20:22 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 127 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 74 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 66 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 51 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 124 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 209 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 14 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,500 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 45 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 23 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.50 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 14,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 31 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 63 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 38 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 61 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 72 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 77 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 66 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 71 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 40 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 4 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 23 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 20 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 5 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 4 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 5.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.6 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Combined polity score ­2.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 284 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 4.5 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 27 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 153 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 3 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 128 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 260 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 21 Africa 12-2-08.indd 21 12/2/08 12:20:22 P Comoros Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 0.6 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.2 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 670 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 216,645 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 403 744,731 GDP growth (%) 1.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 382 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­0.9 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 172 164 CPI (% change) .. Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 45.2 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 11.8 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 38.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 13.6 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 69.9 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) ­14.0 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.9 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 85.4 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 35.1 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.3 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 23 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 188.4 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 24 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 506 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 100 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 49 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 77 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 473 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 8 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 38 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 1 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,338 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12 37 22 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 22 12/2/08 12:20:23 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 6 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 72 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 62 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 68 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 62 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 400 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 47 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 66 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 9 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 100 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 50 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 35 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 84 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 73 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 87 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 59 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 91 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 81 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 26 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 49 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 9 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 3 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.4 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.8 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Combined polity score 9.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 30 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 7.5 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 50 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 20 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 10 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 23 Africa 12-2-08.indd 23 12/2/08 12:20:23 P Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 3.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.2 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 1,370 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 22,639 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 7,731 744,731 GDP growth (%) 6.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,145 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.9 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 183 164 CPI (% change) 3.4 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 4.0 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 70.2 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 25.8 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 14.8 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 6.4 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 44.4 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 79.3 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 65.7 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 107.6 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 42.9 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.7 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 91 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 37 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 150.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 137 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 560 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 606 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 65 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 69 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 35 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 5 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 51 .. Real interest rate (%) ­3 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 2 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 94 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 14 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 790 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87 37 24 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 24 12/2/08 12:20:23 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 724 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 39 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 62 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 51 .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 126 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 86 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 740 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 31 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 66 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 6 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.50 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 6,400 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 73 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 55 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 97 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 90 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 72 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 88 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 57 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 95 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 35 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 21 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 19 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 16 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 14 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 2 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 2 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Combined polity score ­4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 254 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 3.3 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 69 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 169 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 84 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 2,881 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 25 Africa 12-2-08.indd 25 12/2/08 12:20:23 P Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 60.6 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.2 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 130 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 3,769 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 8,545 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.1 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 91 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.8 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 155 164 CPI (% change) 21.3 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 43.3 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 26.3 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 25.3 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­0.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 18.0 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 131.1 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 4.7 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 60.9 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 22.0 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 13 11 Starting a business, time (days) 155 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 487.2 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 57 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 685 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 3 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 308 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 230 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 13 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 74 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 21 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 18 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 2 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 68 .. Real interest rate (%) 26 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 3 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 20 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 20 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 23 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 52 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 60 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 70 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 9 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 13 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 16 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 4 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 785 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 37 26 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 26 12/2/08 12:20:24 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 140 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 33 112 Export diversification index (%) 6 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 67 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 67 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 129 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 205 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 44 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 73 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.20 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 90,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 38 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 34 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 70 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 77 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 63 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 82 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 29 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 25 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 42 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 7 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 0 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 26.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.8 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.3 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.7 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.7 Combined polity score 5.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 2,056 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 24.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 34 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,500 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 556 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 10,389 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 4 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 27 Africa 12-2-08.indd 27 12/2/08 12:20:24 P Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 18.9 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 860 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 54,301 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 17,268 744,731 GDP growth (%) ­0.3 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 549 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­2.0 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 166 164 CPI (% change) 2.5 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 23.1 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 26.8 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 50.2 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.8 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­1.4 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 18.5 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 80.2 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 20.4 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.9 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 6.8 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 70.6 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 24.6 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 94 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 40 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 135.8 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 62 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 770 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 270 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 45 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 38 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 8 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 252 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 14 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.1 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 142 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 27 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,777 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52 37 28 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 28 12/2/08 12:20:24 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 82 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 116 112 Export diversification index (%) 7 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 319 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 2 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 53 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 45 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 127 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 57 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 810 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 34 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 73 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 4 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.90 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 38,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 43 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 46 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 61 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 68 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 65 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 89 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 40 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 98 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 66 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 12 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 38 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 23 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 2 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.6 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Combined polity score 4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 251 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.5 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 13 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 199 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 52 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 5 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 29 Africa 12-2-08.indd 29 12/2/08 12:20:24 P Djibouti Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 0.8 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 1,060 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 33,170 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 769 744,731 GDP growth (%) 4.8 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 817 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.0 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 115 164 CPI (% change) .. Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 3.1 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 14.6 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 71.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­2.2 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 31.2 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 60.3 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 12.1 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.6 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 44.1 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 22.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.4 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 93 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 37 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 206.6 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 40 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,225 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 5 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 114 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 39 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 46 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 45 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 132 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 20 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 80 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,500 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40 37 30 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 30 12/2/08 12:20:25 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 23 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 108 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 4 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 14 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 59 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 86 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 130 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 93 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 650 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 39 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 67 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,100 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 35 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 34 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 76 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 69 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 55 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 98 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 54 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 11 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 76 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 7 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.1 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles .. Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Combined polity score 2.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 117 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 15.2 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 143 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 89 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 26 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 31 Africa 12-2-08.indd 31 12/2/08 12:20:25 P Egypt, Arab Rep. North Country Africa Population (millions) 74.2 154.2 Population growth (%) 1.8 1.6 GNI per capita ($) 1,360 2,333 Economic density (current $/sq km) 107,975 64,481 GDP ($ millions) 107,484 370,017 GDP growth (%) 6.8 5.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,724 2,060 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.9 3.9 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 84 117 CPI (% change) 7.6 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 13.2 10.3 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 36.2 41.9 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 44.7 40.9 Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.5 10.3 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­5.8 0.0 Central government revenue (% of GDP) 37.6 36.2 Total external debt (% of GDP) 27.3 19.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 17.1 37.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 23.5 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 14.8 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 103.5 106.1 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 87.8 77.2 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 34.7 26.6 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 7 9 Starting a business, time (days) 9 14 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 28.6 15.4 Registering property, time (days) 193 83 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,010 705 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 7 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 711 447 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 48 57 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 5 3 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 10 10 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 27 47 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 167 34 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 81 68 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 93 .. Real interest rate (%) 5 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 55 38 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 50 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 79 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 37 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 27 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 25 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 22 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 100.4 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 7,331 1,265 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 325 139 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 7,499 2,906 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 39 32 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 32 12/2/08 12:20:25 P Notrth Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32 31 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 112 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 85 Export diversification index (%) 13 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 9,894 17,080 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 5,330 12,300 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 57 47 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 54 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 17 .. Gini index 34 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 35 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 74 71 Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 130 159 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 24 24 Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 98 96 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.10 .. Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 500 .. Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 94 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 26 25 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 85 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 95 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 49 54 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 77 80 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 22 28 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 99 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 98 87 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 52 60 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 85 90 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 39 53 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 8 10 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles .. Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Combined polity score ­3.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 873 2,596 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.8 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 12 17 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 537 1,628 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 50 165 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 287 803 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 6 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 33 Africa 12-2-08.indd 33 12/2/08 12:20:25 P Eritrea Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 4.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.7 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 190 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 10,742 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 1,085 744,731 GDP growth (%) ­1.0 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 160 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­4.5 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 145 164 CPI (% change) .. Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 16.0 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 21.1 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 54.5 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­16.5 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 53.1 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 73.7 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) ­23.3 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.2 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 62.2 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 31.1 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.0 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 73 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 13 11 Starting a business, time (days) 84 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 125.8 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 101 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 405 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 4 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 216 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 85 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 20 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 22 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 40 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 29 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 22 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 7 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 406 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 8 37 34 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 34 12/2/08 12:20:26 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 86 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 17 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 28 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 80 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 48 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 74 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 28 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 450 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 44 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 95 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 4 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.30 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 2,600 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 49 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 47 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 72 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 75 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 60 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 74 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 57 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 3 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 14 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 2 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 2 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.4 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Combined polity score ­7.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 129 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 11.9 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 28 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 63 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 67 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 35 Africa 12-2-08.indd 35 12/2/08 12:20:26 P Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 77.2 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.6 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 190 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 15,166 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 15,166 744,731 GDP growth (%) 10.9 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 161 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 8.0 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 122 164 CPI (% change) 12.3 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 44.4 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 11.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 36.5 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­11.8 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­7.6 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 14.8 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 15.3 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 1.5 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 7.6 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 83.5 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 27.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.4 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 65 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 7 11 Starting a business, time (days) 16 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 41.3 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 43 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 690 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 4 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 198 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 31 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 14 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 34 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 5 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 12 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 13 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 39 .. Real interest rate (%) ­4 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 24 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 23 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 24 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 12 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 40 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 44 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 21 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 4 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 23 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 26 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 2 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,589 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14 37 36 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 36 12/2/08 12:20:26 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 79 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 100 112 Export diversification index (%) 5 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 545 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 169 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 84 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 44 .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 77 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 123 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 6 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 720 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 51 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 63 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 2.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 67,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 43 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 59 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 50 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 81 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 82 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 74 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 96 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 31 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 8 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 27 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 86 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 2 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 35 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 0 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 17.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.4 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.7 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Combined polity score 1.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,947 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 12.8 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 25 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,024 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 25 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 898 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,275 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 2 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 1 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 37 Africa 12-2-08.indd 37 12/2/08 12:20:27 P Equatorial Guinea Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 0.5 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.4 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 8,510 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 305,359 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 8,565 744,731 GDP growth (%) ­5.6 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 7,470 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­7.8 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 231 164 CPI (% change) 4.2 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 2.7 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 93.6 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 2.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 22.3 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 3.2 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 86.0 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.7 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 122.0 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 31.9 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.7 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 90 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 20 11 Starting a business, time (days) 136 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 105.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 23 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 553 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 296 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 60 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 66 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 103 .. Real interest rate (%) ­3 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 3 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 16 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 95 37 38 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 38 12/2/08 12:20:27 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 168 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 151 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 61 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 61 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 51 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 124 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 206 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 65 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 680 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 43 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 51 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.40 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 58 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 32 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 95 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 83 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 73 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 94 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 53 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 45 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 42 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 46 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 60 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 22 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 2 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.9 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Combined polity score ­5.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 27 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.3 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 54 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 19 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 8 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 39 Africa 12-2-08.indd 39 12/2/08 12:20:27 P Gabon Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 1.3 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.6 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 5,360 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 37,047 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 9,546 744,731 GDP growth (%) 1.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,263 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­0.4 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 171 164 CPI (% change) ­1.4 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 4.9 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 61.2 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 33.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 12.9 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 11.4 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 45.6 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 64.7 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 152.2 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 54.7 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 9 11 Starting a business, time (days) 58 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 25.6 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 60 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,070 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 272 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 45 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 52 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 75 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 10 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 36 .. Real interest rate (%) 7 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.4 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 27 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 29 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,540 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65 37 40 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 40 12/2/08 12:20:27 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 150 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 100 112 Export diversification index (%) 2 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 344 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 16 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 56 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 60 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 91 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 86 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 520 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 26 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 55 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 5.90 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 2,300 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 75 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 36 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 96 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 75 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 85 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 64 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 95 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 47 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 30 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 37 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 91 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 31 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 71 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 20 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 2 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 6 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Combined polity score ­4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 31 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.3 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 24 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 32 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) ­1 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 6 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 41 Africa 12-2-08.indd 41 12/2/08 12:20:28 P Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 1.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 270 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 51,069 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 511 744,731 GDP growth (%) 6.5 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 326 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.5 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 94 164 CPI (% change) 3.2 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 29.6 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 11.9 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 49.2 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­12.8 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 23.0 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 142.0 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 4.4 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.3 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.9 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 74.0 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 44.9 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.1 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 86 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 9 11 Starting a business, time (days) 32 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 279.0 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 371 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 434 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 2 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 376 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 292 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 5 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 3 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 27 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 64 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 24 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 19 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 374 .. Real interest rate (%) 27 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 16 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 10 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 63 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 12 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 31 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 40 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 78 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 3 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.6 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 25 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 3 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,223 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45 37 42 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 42 12/2/08 12:20:28 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 74 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 54 112 Export diversification index (%) 4 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 82 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 63 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 45 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 59 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 59 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 61 .. Gini index 47 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 84 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 113 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 57 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 690 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 24 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 95 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 15 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.90 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,300 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 63 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 35 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 102 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 73 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 87 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 60 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 91 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 81 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 55 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 50 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 27 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 5 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.2 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Combined polity score ­5.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 74 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 14.5 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 45 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 25 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 6 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 43 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 90 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 43 Africa 12-2-08.indd 43 12/2/08 12:20:28 P Ghana Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 23.0 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.1 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 510 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 55,881 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 12,715 744,731 GDP growth (%) 6.4 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 294 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 188 164 CPI (% change) 10.9 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 38.0 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 25.8 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 36.3 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­8.2 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.9 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 20.9 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 25.1 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 7.9 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.9 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 91.8 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 45.9 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 4.7 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 86 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 42 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 41.4 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 34 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 487 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 7 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 304 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 33 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 8 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 7 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 37 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 10 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 44 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 18 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 253 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 18 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 10 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 60 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 11 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 31 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 66 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 86 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 2 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 5 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 75 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 9 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,334 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40 37 44 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 44 12/2/08 12:20:28 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 103 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 115 112 Export diversification index (%) 4 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 435 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 105 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 51 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 60 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 60 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 29 .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 120 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 50 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 560 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 36 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 85 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 4 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.90 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 21,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 71 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 35 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 71 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 74 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 76 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 72 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 90 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 71 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 6 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 15 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 77 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 21 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 24 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 17 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 3 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 4.0 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 4 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Combined polity score 8.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,176 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 9.2 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 51 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 595 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 580 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,500 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 2 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 1 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 45 Africa 12-2-08.indd 45 12/2/08 12:20:29 P Guinea Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 9.2 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.0 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 410 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 13,039 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 3,204 744,731 GDP growth (%) 2.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 406 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 0.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 86 164 CPI (% change) .. Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 12.7 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 36.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 45.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­4.1 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12.5 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 102.4 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.5 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.2 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 88.3 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 34.9 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5.3 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 13 11 Starting a business, time (days) 41 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 138.3 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 104 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 276 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 416 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 50 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 10 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 44 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 34 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 21 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 10 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 180 .. Real interest rate (%) 7 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 5 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 48 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 26 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 30 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 39 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 58 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 84 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 2 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.4 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 28 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 46 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,436 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33 37 46 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 46 12/2/08 12:20:29 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 93 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 4 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 79 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 67 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 39 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 98 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 161 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 38 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 910 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 39 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 67 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.60 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 4,500 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 64 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 44 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 47 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 74 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 86 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 88 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 83 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 91 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 59 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 12 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 33 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 63 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 2 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 24 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.0 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Combined polity score ­1.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 164 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 5.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 18 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 103 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 3 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 58 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 800 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 47 Africa 12-2-08.indd 47 12/2/08 12:20:29 P Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 1.6 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.0 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 180 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 10,937 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 308 744,731 GDP growth (%) 1.8 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 130 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­1.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 143 164 CPI (% change) 2.0 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 60.3 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 11.2 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 26.2 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 5.1 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 25.8 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 231.3 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 6.3 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 6.4 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 69.7 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 17.7 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0.4 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 17 11 Starting a business, time (days) 233 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 255.5 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 211 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,140 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 208 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 46 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 6 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 11 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 66 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 21 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 9 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 28 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 123 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 4 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 44 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 12 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 30 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 44 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 72 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 74 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 4 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 80 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 1 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,625 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42 37 48 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 48 12/2/08 12:20:29 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 97 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 9 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 70 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 66 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 66 .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 119 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 200 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 39 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 36 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 60 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.80 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,100 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 27 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 44 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 65 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 78 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 93 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 63 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 82 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 47 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 26 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 48 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 10 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 2 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.6 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.4 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 82 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 26.8 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 50 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 39 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 43 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 790 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 49 Africa 12-2-08.indd 49 12/2/08 12:20:30 P Kenya Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 36.6 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.7 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 580 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 40,024 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 22,779 744,731 GDP growth (%) 6.1 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 439 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.3 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 142 164 CPI (% change) 14.5 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 24.0 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 16.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 48.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­2.3 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 1.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24.1 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 28.7 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 9.5 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105.9 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 50.3 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.7 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 92 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 12 11 Starting a business, time (days) 44 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 46.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 64 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 465 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 3 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 432 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 51 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 5 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 9 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 21 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 51 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 13 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 14 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 111 .. Real interest rate (%) 4 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 26 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 74 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 70 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 68 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 44 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 48 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 23 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 28 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.8 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 178 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 25 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,675 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25 37 50 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 50 12/2/08 12:20:30 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 87 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 19 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 27 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 570 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 79 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 65 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 46 .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 121 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 42 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 560 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 36 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 77 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 5 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 6.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 140,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 93 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 40 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 80 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 81 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 72 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 85 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 49 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 48 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 19 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 4 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 21 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 37 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 6 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 8 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.6 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Combined polity score 8.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 943 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 4.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 26 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 761 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 16 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 166 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 51 Africa 12-2-08.indd 51 12/2/08 12:20:30 P Lesotho Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 2.0 782.5 Population growth (%) 0.7 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 980 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 49,236 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 1,494 744,731 GDP growth (%) 7.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 528 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 6.4 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 142 164 CPI (% change) 6.0 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 14.4 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 38.3 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 35.8 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 4.5 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 4.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 50.8 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 44.8 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) ­15.0 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 33.0 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 26.1 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 114.4 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 37.0 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.6 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 85 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 8 11 Starting a business, time (days) 73 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 37.4 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 101 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 695 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 2 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 342 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 20 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 2 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 3 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 21 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 51 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 6 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 18 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 196 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 36 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 47 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 42 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 39 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 36 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 18 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.9 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 344 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 61 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 654 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51 37 52 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 52 12/2/08 12:20:31 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 99 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 116 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 129 112 Export diversification index (%) 8 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 78 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 4 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 76 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 43 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 102 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 132 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 55 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 960 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 45 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 85 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 23.20 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 18,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 78 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 40 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 104 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 61 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 75 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 49 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 93 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 74 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 34 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 43 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 28 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 21 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 46 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 11 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 3 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.5 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Combined polity score 8.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 72 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 4.8 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 36 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 38 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 34 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 53 Africa 12-2-08.indd 53 12/2/08 12:20:31 P Liberia Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 3.6 782.5 Population growth (%) 4.0 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 130 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 6,375 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 614 744,731 GDP growth (%) 7.8 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 134 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.7 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 128 164 CPI (% change) .. Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 65.8 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 15.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 18.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­22.5 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 5.4 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 435.5 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 2.4 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.3 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 91.5 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 32.3 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15.6 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 12 11 Starting a business, time (days) 99 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 493.3 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 50 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,280 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 4 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 158 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 36 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 31 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 6 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 110 .. Real interest rate (%) 6 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 9 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 37 54 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 54 12/2/08 12:20:31 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 3 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 685 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 41 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 67 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 45 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 157 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 235 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 51 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 45 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 94 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 3 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.70 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 2,300 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 63 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 19 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 67 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 70 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 56 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 72 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 52 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 7 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 49 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 0 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 0 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 269 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 43.8 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 75 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 187 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 81 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 4 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 55 Africa 12-2-08.indd 55 12/2/08 12:20:31 P Libya North Country Africa Population (millions) 6.0 154.2 Population growth (%) 2.0 1.6 GNI per capita ($) 7,390 2,333 Economic density (current $/sq km) 28,252 64,481 GDP ($ millions) 49,711 370,017 GDP growth (%) 5.2 5.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 7,040 2,060 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.1 3.9 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 117 117 CPI (% change) 3.4 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) .. 10.3 Value added, industry (% of GDP) .. 41.9 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) .. 40.9 Current account balance (% of GDP) 44.6 10.3 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. 0.0 Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 36.2 Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 19.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 26.4 37.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 23.5 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 14.8 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 110.4 106.1 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 93.5 77.2 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 55.8 26.6 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) .. 9 Starting a business, time (days) .. 14 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) .. 15.4 Registering property, time (days) .. 83 Enforcing contracts, time (days) .. 705 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to .. 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) .. 447 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) .. 57 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 3 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 10 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 47 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 57 68 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 47 .. Real interest rate (%) ­6 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 16 38 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 21.9 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 671 1,265 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 227 139 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 611 2,906 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 39 56 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 56 12/2/08 12:20:32 P North Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 31 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 85 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 1,590 17,080 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 6 12,300 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 23 47 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 51 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 18 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 71 Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 97 159 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. 24 Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 98 96 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) .. .. Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS .. .. Physicians per 1,000 people 1 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 25 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 98 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 105 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 61 54 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 84 80 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 36 28 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 72 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 68 87 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 96 60 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 97 90 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 48 53 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 4 10 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles .. Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.9 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.5 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Combined polity score ­7.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 37 2,596 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.1 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 6 17 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 33 1,628 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 165 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 3 803 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 57 Africa 12-2-08.indd 57 12/2/08 12:20:32 P Madagascar Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 19.2 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 280 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 9,456 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 5,499 744,731 GDP growth (%) 4.9 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 238 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.1 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 121 164 CPI (% change) 10.8 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 25.1 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 13.9 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 52.2 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­11.0 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 9.9 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 11.2 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 26.4 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 13.6 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 139.5 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 23.8 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.8 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 84 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 5 11 Starting a business, time (days) 7 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 22.7 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 134 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 871 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 5 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 238 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 47 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 7 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 63 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 58 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 19 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 12 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 86 .. Real interest rate (%) 16 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 10 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 47 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 38 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 45 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 59 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 41 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 15 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 30.6 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 54 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 2 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 2,511 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 37 58 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 58 12/2/08 12:20:32 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 129 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 19 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 85 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 71 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 59 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 47 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 72 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 115 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 51 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 510 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 53 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 59 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 57 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 48 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 70 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 83 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 86 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 80 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 76 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 36 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 10 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 18 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 52 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 10 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 6 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 12 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 3 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Combined polity score 7.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 754 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 13.7 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 39 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 266 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 4 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 485 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,900 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 59 Africa 12-2-08.indd 59 12/2/08 12:20:33 P Malawi Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 13.6 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.6 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 230 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 33,628 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 3,164 744,731 GDP growth (%) 7.9 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 145 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 5.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 161 164 CPI (% change) 14.0 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 30.5 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 17.6 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 41.2 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­7.5 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.4 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 26.9 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 11.2 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.7 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 119.2 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 29.1 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0.4 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 82 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 37 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 188.7 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 88 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 432 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 4 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 370 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 32 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 3 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 6 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 25 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 98 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 77 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 7 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 45 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 164 .. Real interest rate (%) 12 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 9 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 47 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 59 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 47 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 56 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 43 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 60 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 13 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 50 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.2 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 353 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 6 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,107 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17 37 60 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 60 12/2/08 12:20:33 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 185 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 73 112 Export diversification index (%) 3 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 6 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 82 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 67 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 39 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 120 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 54 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 53 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 85 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 15 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 11.90 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 68,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 55 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 100 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 88 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 90 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 86 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 96 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 72 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 62 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 51 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 34 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 6 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 27 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 2 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 0 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.4 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 669 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 21.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 49 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 398 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 12 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 259 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,000 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 1 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 61 Africa 12-2-08.indd 61 12/2/08 12:20:33 P Mali Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 12.0 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.1 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 460 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 4,808 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 5,866 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.3 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 290 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 169 164 CPI (% change) 1.5 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 34.1 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 22.2 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 36.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­3.9 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 32.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 16.4 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 24.5 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 14.8 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 80.1 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 28.3 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.0 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 81 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 26 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 132.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 29 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 860 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 270 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 51 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 8 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 9 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 38 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 4 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 13 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 18 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 15 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 17 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 16 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 50 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 5 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 54 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 60 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 56 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 2 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 8 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.9 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 89 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 5 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,067 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32 37 62 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 62 12/2/08 12:20:33 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 96 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 2 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 82 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 193 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 69 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 68 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 40 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 119 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 217 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 41 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 970 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 43 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 86 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.50 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 5,800 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 49 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 56 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 74 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 79 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 75 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 86 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 48 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 39 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 59 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 41 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 13 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 13 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.3 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 825 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 14.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 69 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 398 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 9 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 418 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 895 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 63 Africa 12-2-08.indd 63 12/2/08 12:20:34 P Mauritania Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 3.0 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.7 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 760 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 2,583 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 2,663 744,731 GDP growth (%) 11.7 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 483 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 8.7 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 181 164 CPI (% change) 6.2 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 12.1 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 44.0 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 35.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 21.5 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 61.2 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.8 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 101.7 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 25.0 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.5 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 99 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 65 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 56.2 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 49 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 400 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 5 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 696 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 108 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 7 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 45 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 4 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 23 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 11 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 7 .. Real interest rate (%) ­4 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 27 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 17 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 49 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 1 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 35 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 44 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 29 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 3 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 23 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.8 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 59 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 8 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 782 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55 37 64 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 64 12/2/08 12:20:34 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 131 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 4 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 59 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 60 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 46 .. Gini index 39 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 125 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 57 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 820 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 40 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 62 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.80 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 47 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 41 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 61 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 102 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 71 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 85 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 57 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 70 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 54 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 10 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 44 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 51 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 36 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 8 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.4 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Combined polity score ­3.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 188 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 7.0 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 62 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 94 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 93 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,100 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 65 Africa 12-2-08.indd 65 12/2/08 12:20:34 P Mauritius Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 1.3 782.5 Population growth (%) 0.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 5,430 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 3,126,441 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 6,347 744,731 GDP growth (%) 3.5 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,522 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.7 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 112 164 CPI (% change) 8.9 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 4.9 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 23.5 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 59.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­9.6 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­3.0 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 19.7 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 31.5 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 17.5 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 101.8 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 88.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 17.1 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 84 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 6 11 Starting a business, time (days) 7 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 5.3 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 210 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 750 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 161 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 22 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 5 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 23 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 100 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 993 .. Real interest rate (%) 16 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 78 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 37 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 26 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 28 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 33 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 13 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 28 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 43 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.8 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 2,575 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 54 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 7,793 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 60 37 66 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 66 12/2/08 12:20:34 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 88 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 12 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 97 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 58 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 0 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 40 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 14 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 15 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 99 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.70 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 100 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 92 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 22 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 95 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 100 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 66 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 84 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 47 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 100 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 100 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 94 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 95 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 90 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 26 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.4 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.9 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.8 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.6 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.6 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.8 Combined polity score 10.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 19 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.3 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 15 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 9 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 12 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 67 Africa 12-2-08.indd 67 12/2/08 12:20:35 P Morocco North Country Africa Population (millions) 30.5 154.2 Population growth (%) 1.2 1.6 GNI per capita ($) 2,160 2,333 Economic density (current $/sq km) 146,541 64,481 GDP ($ millions) 65,401 370,017 GDP growth (%) 8.0 5.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,667 2,060 GDP per capita growth (%) 6.7 3.9 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 129 117 CPI (% change) 3.3 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 14.0 10.3 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 24.8 41.9 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 50.4 40.9 Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.8 10.3 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­1.8 0.0 Central government revenue (% of GDP) 25.6 36.2 Total external debt (% of GDP) 28.3 19.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 26.2 37.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.6 23.5 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 14.8 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 106.0 106.1 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 52.4 77.2 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 11.8 26.6 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 95 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 6 9 Starting a business, time (days) 12 14 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 11.5 15.4 Registering property, time (days) 47 83 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 615 705 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 358 447 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 45 57 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 2 3 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 4 10 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 63 47 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19 34 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 3 4 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 62 68 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 129 .. Real interest rate (%) 12 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 58 38 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 27 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 44 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 3 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 56 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 32 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 37 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 16 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 31 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15.4 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 426 1,265 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 58 139 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,622 2,906 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33 39 68 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 68 12/2/08 12:20:35 P North Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38 31 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 104 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 93 85 Export diversification index (%) 69 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 2,356 17,080 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 5,454 12,300 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 45 47 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 51 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 37 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 63 71 Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 240 159 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 23 24 Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 95 96 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.10 .. Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,000 .. Physicians per 1,000 people 1 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 84 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 27 25 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 70 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 87 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 55 54 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 84 80 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 29 28 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 100 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 58 87 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 54 60 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 85 90 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 57 53 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 20 10 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles .. Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Combined polity score ­6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,046 2,596 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.6 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 34 17 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 567 1,628 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 116 165 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 362 803 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 6 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 69 Africa 12-2-08.indd 69 12/2/08 12:20:35 P Mozambique Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 21.0 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.1 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 310 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 8,690 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 6,833 744,731 GDP growth (%) 8.0 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 330 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 5.7 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 99 164 CPI (% change) 13.2 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 25.6 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 23.4 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 41.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­9.3 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 15.6 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 47.8 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 13.3 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 7.1 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 104.8 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15.5 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.5 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 94 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 29 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 21.6 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 42 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,010 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 5 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 230 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 34 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 54 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 11 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 19 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 39 .. Real interest rate (%) 12 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 14 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.6 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 16 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 15 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 902 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41 37 70 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 70 12/2/08 12:20:35 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 81 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 2 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 153 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 16 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 65 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 54 .. Gini index 47 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 96 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 138 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 48 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 520 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 47 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 77 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 12.50 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 81,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 42 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 67 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 85 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 84 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 83 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 85 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 71 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 26 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 19 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 53 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 30 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 11 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 6 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.6 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.4 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,611 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 23.6 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 77 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 938 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 3 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 669 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 4,300 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 1 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 71 Africa 12-2-08.indd 71 12/2/08 12:20:36 P Namibia Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 2.0 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.3 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 3,210 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 7,976 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 6,566 744,731 GDP growth (%) 2.9 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,166 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.6 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 148 164 CPI (% change) 5.1 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 9.9 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 27.6 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 52.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 16.2 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­6.8 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 33.6 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 28.4 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.4 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 107.1 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 56.9 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5.8 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 93 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 99 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 22.3 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 23 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 270 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 5 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 375 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 27 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 1 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 3 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 20 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 2 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 32 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 13 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 51 .. Real interest rate (%) 2 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 62 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 19 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 66 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 28 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 20 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 18 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 6 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 7 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 20 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.0 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 19 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 39 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 434 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54 37 72 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 72 12/2/08 12:20:36 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 104 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 5 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 342 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 7 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 64 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 61 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 45 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 61 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 76 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 210 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 30 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 63 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 15.30 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 5,100 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 76 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 31 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 92 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 104 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 56 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 64 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 48 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 99 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 90 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 18 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 66 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 75 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 10 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 36 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 44 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 4 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 4 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.6 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.9 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.1 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 145 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 2.2 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 71 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 106 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 38 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 73 Africa 12-2-08.indd 73 12/2/08 12:20:36 P Niger Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 13.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.6 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 270 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 2,840 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 3,597 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 169 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.5 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 155 164 CPI (% change) 0.0 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 41.3 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 17.4 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 41.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­9.4 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 11.8 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 22.4 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 13.7 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.5 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 50.6 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 11.2 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.1 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 11 11 Starting a business, time (days) 23 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 174.8 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 35 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 545 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 270 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 42 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 7 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 7 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 70 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 21 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 21 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 21 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 15 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 8 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 59 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 36 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 6 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 69 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 56 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 22 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 6 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 18 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 3 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 0 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 605 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15 37 74 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 74 12/2/08 12:20:37 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 35 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 84 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 66 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 148 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 253 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 18 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,800 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 55 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 47 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.80 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 4,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 33 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 40 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 37 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 70 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 84 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 96 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 73 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 91 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 32 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 3 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 27 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 3 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 0 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 37.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.3 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Combined polity score 6.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 401 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 11.2 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 29 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 235 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 166 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,190 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 75 Africa 12-2-08.indd 75 12/2/08 12:20:37 P Nigeria Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 144.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.4 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 790 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 161,256 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 146,867 744,731 GDP growth (%) 6.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 454 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.7 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 223 164 CPI (% change) 8.2 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 31.7 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 41.6 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 25.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 21.6 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 34.1 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 5.2 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 96.2 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 32.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 10.2 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 9 11 Starting a business, time (days) 34 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 56.6 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 82 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 457 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 5 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 1,120 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 32 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 7 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 51 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 15 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 212 .. Real interest rate (%) ­2 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 13 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.8 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 67 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 9 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,464 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43 37 76 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 76 12/2/08 12:20:37 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 133 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 2,013 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 53 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 47 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 55 .. Gini index 44 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 99 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 191 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 36 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 43 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 62 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 170,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 76 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 37 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 84 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 83 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 66 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 86 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 47 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 65 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 30 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 25 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 35 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 84 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 35 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 24 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 12 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 2 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 6 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 47.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.4 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Combined polity score 4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 11,434 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 7.8 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 79 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 10,820 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 613 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 77 Africa 12-2-08.indd 77 12/2/08 12:20:37 P Rwanda Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 9.5 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.5 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 280 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 116,303 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 2,869 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.5 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 263 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.9 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 115 164 CPI (% change) 8.9 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 41.3 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 13.3 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 45.4 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­6.3 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 13.2 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 14.6 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 3.2 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 140.0 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 13.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.6 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 92 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 9 11 Starting a business, time (days) 16 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 171.5 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 371 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 310 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 2 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 168 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 34 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 7 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 13 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 42 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 14 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 5 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 19 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 568 .. Real interest rate (%) 3 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 12 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 4 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 67 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 4 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 45 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 36 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 55 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 3 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.6 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 137 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 0 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,118 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10 37 78 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 78 12/2/08 12:20:38 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 75 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 3 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 26 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 17 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 82 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 68 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 60 .. Gini index 47 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 98 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 160 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 39 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,300 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 52 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 95 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 13 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 2.80 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 7,8001,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 35 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 66 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 78 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 102 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 83 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 85 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 82 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 82 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 61 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 20 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 34 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 27 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 3 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 6 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Combined polity score ­3.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 585 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 20.4 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 62 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 321 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 263 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,316 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 2 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 79 Africa 12-2-08.indd 79 12/2/08 12:20:38 P São Tomé and Principe Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 0.2 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.6 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 800 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 128,563 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 123 744,731 GDP growth (%) .. 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 580 GDP per capita growth (%) .. 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) .. 164 CPI (% change) .. Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 16.8 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 20.5 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 62.7 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­46.7 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 17.4 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 287.8 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 128.1 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 45.5 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 144 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 94.5 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 62 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 1,185 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 3 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 424 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 49 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 63 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 68 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 333 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 33 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18.2 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) .. 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 139 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 2,455 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 37 80 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 80 12/2/08 12:20:38 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 4 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 34 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 2 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 41 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 63 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 96 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 81 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 35 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 85 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 50 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) .. 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS .. 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 74 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 31 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 95 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 99 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 54 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 77 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 31 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 88 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 83 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 18 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 29 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 17 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 14 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.0 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.4 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.3 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Combined polity score .. Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 22 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 17.5 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 139 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 18 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 3 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 200 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 81 Africa 12-2-08.indd 81 12/2/08 12:20:39 P Senegal Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 12.1 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.6 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 760 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 48,141 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 9,269 744,731 GDP growth (%) 2.3 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 499 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­0.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 154 164 CPI (% change) 2.1 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 13.6 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 19.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 53.1 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­6.4 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 20.2 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 21.4 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.5 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 79.8 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 23.8 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5.5 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 83 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 58 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 107.0 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 145 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 780 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 696 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 46 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 7 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 9 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 61 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 12 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 46 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 29 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 71 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 23 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 24 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 55 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 12 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 41 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 49 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 58 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 5 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 10 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.8 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 254 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 3 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 879 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25 37 82 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 82 12/2/08 12:20:39 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 95 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 26 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 64 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 58 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 41 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 60 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 116 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 52 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 980 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 20 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 80 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.00 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,800 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 49 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 39 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 49 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 92 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 71 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 83 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 58 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 93 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 65 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 9 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 54 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 82 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 19 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 27 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 36 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 7 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 5 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 4 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Combined polity score 8.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 825 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 8.9 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 68 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 509 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 12 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 304 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 850 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 83 Africa 12-2-08.indd 83 12/2/08 12:20:39 P Seychelles Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 0.1 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.1 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 8,870 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 1,684,323 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 775 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.3 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 7,005 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 131 164 CPI (% change) ­0.3 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 3.0 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 25.5 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 71.5 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­21.2 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.6 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 52.5 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 116.8 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.2 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.7 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 115.6 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 93 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 9 11 Starting a business, time (days) 38 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 8.7 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 33 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 720 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 4 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 76 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 48 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 34 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 96 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 996 .. Real interest rate (%) 8 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 37 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 170 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 400 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 111 37 84 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 84 12/2/08 12:20:39 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 133 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 4 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 138 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 14 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 47 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) .. 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) .. .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 13 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 99 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) .. 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS .. 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 2 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 115 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 14 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 99 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 100 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) .. 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) .. 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) .. 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 100 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 75 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 100 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) .. 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 108 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 34 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 1.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.0 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Combined polity score .. Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 14 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.8 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 165 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 7 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 7 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 85 Africa 12-2-08.indd 85 12/2/08 12:20:40 P Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 5.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 230 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 19,830 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 1,420 744,731 GDP growth (%) 7.4 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 225 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.4 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 110 164 CPI (% change) 9.5 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 45.1 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 24.3 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 25.8 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­7.1 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.5 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 13.2 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 100.5 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 1.7 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.4 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 79.4 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 26.1 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.1 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 99 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 9 11 Starting a business, time (days) 26 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 1,075.2 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 235 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 515 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 3 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 399 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 234 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 51 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 8 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 158 .. Real interest rate (%) 11 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 4 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.7 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 6 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 2 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,485 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23 37 86 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 86 12/2/08 12:20:40 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 73 112 Export diversification index (%) 5 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 59 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 30 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 63 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 62 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 66 .. Gini index 37 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 159 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 270 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 43 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 2,100 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 38 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 67 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 5 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.70 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 3,300 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 37 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 48 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 71 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 76 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 95 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 59 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 83 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 32 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 5 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 20 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 2 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 0 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.1 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles Yes Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Combined polity score 5.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 364 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 25.6 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 63 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 199 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 164 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 950 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 3 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 87 Africa 12-2-08.indd 87 12/2/08 12:20:40 P Somalia Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 8.4 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.0 2.5 GNI per capita ($) .. 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) .. 31,518 GDP ($ millions) .. 744,731 GDP growth (%) .. 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 580 GDP per capita growth (%) .. 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) .. 164 CPI (% change) .. Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) .. 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) .. 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) .. 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) .. 11 Starting a business, time (days) .. 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) .. 160.3 Registering property, time (days) .. 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) .. 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to .. 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) .. 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) .. 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 12 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 35 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) .. 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15.7 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 4 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 10 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 589 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 37 88 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 88 12/2/08 12:20:40 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 9 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 64 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 145 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 33 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 1,400 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 42 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 35 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.50 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 1,600 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 55 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 78 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 95 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 61 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 63 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 10 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 7 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 51 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 8 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 1 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.9 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.9 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­3.0 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.7 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.6 Combined polity score .. Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 392 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) .. 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 46 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 263 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 3 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 125 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 89 Africa 12-2-08.indd 89 12/2/08 12:20:41 P South Africa Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 47.4 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.1 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 5,390 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 209,963 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 254,993 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.0 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,562 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 3.9 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 151 164 CPI (% change) 4.6 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 2.4 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 27.3 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 58.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­6.5 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 1.2 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 26.9 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 13.9 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 17.1 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105.5 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 94.7 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15.4 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 97 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 8 11 Starting a business, time (days) 31 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 7.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 24 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 600 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 8 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 350 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 37 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 6 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 42 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 17 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 300 .. Real interest rate (%) 4 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 161 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 16 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 29 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 19 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 13 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 9 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 33 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 35 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.5 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 451 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 43 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 3,143 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 37 90 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 90 12/2/08 12:20:41 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 113 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 104 112 Export diversification index (%) 38 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) ­6,719 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 40 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 52 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 51 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 58 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 69 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 92 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 400 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 85 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 18.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 350,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 1 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 100 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 36 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 100 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 66 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 82 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 49 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 100 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 82 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 49 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 66 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 94 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 8 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 5 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.3 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.7 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.7 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.5 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Combined polity score 9.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 718 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 0.3 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 15 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 561 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 157 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 1 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 91 Africa 12-2-08.indd 91 12/2/08 12:20:41 P Sudan Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 37.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.2 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 780 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 15,321 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 36,402 744,731 GDP growth (%) 11.3 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 489 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 8.9 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 197 164 CPI (% change) 7.2 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 31.3 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 27.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 38.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­13.0 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 0.2 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 52.6 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 14.4 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 66.0 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 33.8 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6.2 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 39 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 57.9 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 9 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 810 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 0 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 180 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 32 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 36 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 36 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 5 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 0 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 10.2 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 26 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 9 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 718 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17 37 92 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 92 12/2/08 12:20:42 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 1 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 3,534 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 1,155 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 58 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 60 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 89 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 49 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 450 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 48 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 73 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 1.40 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 25,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 47 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 34 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 77 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 89 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 48 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 72 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 24 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 78 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 64 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 24 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 50 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 13 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 8 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.5 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.7 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.3 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Combined polity score ­4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 2,058 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 5.7 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 55 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,518 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 87 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 453 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 4 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 93 Africa 12-2-08.indd 93 12/2/08 12:20:42 P Swaziland Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 1.1 782.5 Population growth (%) 0.6 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 2,450 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 161,879 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 2,784 744,731 GDP growth (%) 2.8 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,297 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 2.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 189 164 CPI (% change) 5.3 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 6.1 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 34.9 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 34.2 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 3.5 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.7 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 28.3 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 19.6 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 8.1 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105.9 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 46.7 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 4.2 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 100 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 13 11 Starting a business, time (days) 61 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 38.7 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 46 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 972 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 0 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 104 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 37 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 4 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 2 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 17 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 17 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 3 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 30 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 209 .. Real interest rate (%) 1 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 23 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 25 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 40 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 34 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 29 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 33 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 10 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 13 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 26.0 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 393 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 222 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 547 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64 37 94 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 94 12/2/08 12:20:42 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 96 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 20 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 34 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 1 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 76 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 41 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 69 .. Gini index 50 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 112 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 164 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 74 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 390 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 37 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 57 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 26.10 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 10,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 67 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 33 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 88 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 95 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 54 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 77 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 34 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 87 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 51 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 46 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 64 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 26 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 4 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.1 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.7 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Combined polity score ­9.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 35 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.2 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 30 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 12 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 23 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 95 Africa 12-2-08.indd 95 12/2/08 12:20:42 P Tanzania Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 39.5 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.5 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 370 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 16,006 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 14,178 744,731 GDP growth (%) 6.7 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 339 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.1 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 106 164 CPI (% change) 6.4 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 37.9 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 14.5 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 31.2 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­10.2 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 11.6 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 29.9 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.8 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 9.9 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 110.3 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1.4 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 12 11 Starting a business, time (days) 29 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 47.1 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 73 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 462 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 3 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 172 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 44 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 6 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 15 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 60 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 12 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 11 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 9 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 89 .. Real interest rate (%) 11 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 11 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 20 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 47 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 16 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 37 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 41 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 88 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 5 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 20 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.8 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 104 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 23 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,514 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22 37 96 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 96 12/2/08 12:20:43 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 78 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 26 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 474 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 8 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 75 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 65 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 36 .. Gini index 35 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 118 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 43 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 950 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 44 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 93 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 16 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 6.20 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 96,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 74 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 52 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 78 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 90 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 88 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 81 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 46 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 34 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 31 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 39 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 15 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 31 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 3 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 1 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) 38.0 .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.9 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Combined polity score 1.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,825 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 12.9 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 46 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 992 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 832 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,000 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 2 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 1 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 97 Africa 12-2-08.indd 97 12/2/08 12:20:43 P Togo Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 6.4 782.5 Population growth (%) 2.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 350 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 40,788 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 2,218 744,731 GDP growth (%) 4.1 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 240 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.3 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 144 164 CPI (% change) 2.2 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 42.7 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 23.5 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 31.7 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­21.4 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­0.1 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 16.3 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 81.4 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 6.9 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 102.4 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 40.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.6 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 95 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 13 11 Starting a business, time (days) 53 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 245.7 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 295 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 588 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 6 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 270 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 48 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 54 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 32 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 138 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 17 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.3 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 82 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 0 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,135 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34 37 98 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 98 12/2/08 12:20:43 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 100 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 112 112 Export diversification index (%) 8 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 92 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 59 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 63 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 108 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 62 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 510 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 83 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 3.30 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 9,100 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 67 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 38 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 74 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 71 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 91 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 52 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 86 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 40 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 3 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 24 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 12 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 5 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 2.5 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.0 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.9 Combined polity score ­4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 79 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 3.5 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 12 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 55 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 24 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 6 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 99 Africa 12-2-08.indd 99 12/2/08 12:20:43 P Tunisia North Country Africa Population (millions) 10.1 154.2 Population growth (%) 1.0 1.6 GNI per capita ($) 3,040 2,333 Economic density (current $/sq km) 199,293 64,481 GDP ($ millions) 30,962 370,017 GDP growth (%) 5.7 5.5 GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,518 2,060 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.6 3.9 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 121 117 CPI (% change) 4.5 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 11.1 10.3 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 27.8 41.9 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 61.1 40.9 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­2.0 10.3 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.7 0.0 Central government revenue (% of GDP) 23.1 36.2 Total external debt (% of GDP) 59.7 19.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 23.6 37.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.5 23.5 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 14.8 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 108.3 106.1 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 84.9 77.2 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 31.0 26.6 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 87 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 9 Starting a business, time (days) 11 14 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 8.3 15.4 Registering property, time (days) 39 83 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 565 705 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 0 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 268 447 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 61 57 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 3 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 10 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 49 47 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 66 68 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 124 .. Real interest rate (%) .. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 64 38 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 7.4 .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 644 1,265 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 143 139 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,245 2,906 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 39 100 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 100 12/2/08 12:20:44 P North Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 31 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 101 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 85 85 Export diversification index (%) 43 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 3,240 17,080 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 1,510 12,300 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 34 47 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 0 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 46 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 71 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index 40 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 30 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 23 35 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 90 71 Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 100 159 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. 24 Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 98 96 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 0.10 .. Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 200 .. Physicians per 1,000 people 1 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 120 .. Student-teacher ratio, primary school 19 25 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 94 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 104 .. Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 55 54 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 78 80 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 32 28 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 99 96 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 84 87 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 64 60 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 96 90 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 85 53 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 13 10 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) .. Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles .. Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) .. Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.1 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.1 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.5 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.3 Combined polity score ­4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 432 2,596 Net aid (% of GDP) 1.4 0.7 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 43 17 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 287 1,628 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) ­9 165 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 154 803 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. .. Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 101 Africa 12-2-08.indd 101 12/2/08 12:20:44 P Uganda Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 29.9 782.5 Population growth (%) 3.3 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 300 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 48,175 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 9,495 744,731 GDP growth (%) 5.1 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 274 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 1.7 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 116 164 CPI (% change) 6.8 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 28.7 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 16.7 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 46.7 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) ­3.4 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.0 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 13.1 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 13.3 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 8.1 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 116.7 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 18.3 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.5 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 75 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 18 11 Starting a business, time (days) 28 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 92.0 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 227 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 535 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 2 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 237 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 37 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 5 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 7 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 3 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 33 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 11 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 8 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 23 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 359 .. Real interest rate (%) 9 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 8 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 24 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 44 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 13 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 63 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 48 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 84 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 1 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 10 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 11 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 9 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,523 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15 37 102 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 102 12/2/08 12:20:44 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 127 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 88 112 Export diversification index (%) 6 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 393 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 665 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 87 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 70 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 51 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 31 .. Gini index 41 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 134 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 42 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 550 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 45 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 89 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 5.40 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 77,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 54 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 49 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 77 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 98 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 84 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 87 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 82 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 90 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 60 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 34 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 29 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 47 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 7 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 18 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 5 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.9 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.8 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.4 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Combined polity score ­1.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,551 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 16.3 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 52 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 938 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 3 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 609 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,950 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 2 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 103 Africa 12-2-08.indd 103 12/2/08 12:20:44 P Zambia Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 11.7 782.5 Population growth (%) 1.9 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 640 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 14,644 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 10,886 744,731 GDP growth (%) 6.2 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 371 580 GDP per capita growth (%) 4.2 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 251 164 CPI (% change) 9.0 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 19.9 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 31.3 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 43.9 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) 1.2 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) ­2.8 .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 16.7 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 21.4 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 30.9 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 116.9 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 30.4 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.3 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current 99 .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 6 11 Starting a business, time (days) 33 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 30.5 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 70 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 471 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 3 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 132 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 16 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) 2 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) 7 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 38 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 93 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) 4 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) 20 .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 22 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 123 .. Real interest rate (%) 9 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 10 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 13 Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted 55 (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 10 Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) 26 Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 21 Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 12 Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 6 Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) 8 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.9 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 69 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 11 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,837 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38 37 104 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 104 12/2/08 12:20:45 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 141 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 177 112 Export diversification index (%) 2 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 616 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 58 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 65 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 67 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 64 .. Gini index 51 .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 102 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 182 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 43 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 830 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 53 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 84 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 15.20 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 56,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 84 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 51 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) .. .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 93 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 80 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 92 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 68 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 90 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 41 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 51 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 55 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) 50 .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 15 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 11 .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 .. Internet users (per 100 people) 4 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 3.5 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.3 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) 0.2 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.5 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­0.6 Combined polity score 5.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 1,425 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 13.1 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 122 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,115 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 308 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,900 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) 2 .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) 2 .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 105 Africa 12-2-08.indd 105 12/2/08 12:20:45 P Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Country Africa Population (millions) 13.2 782.5 Population growth (%) 0.8 2.5 GNI per capita ($) 340 861 Economic density (current $/sq km) 8,836 31,518 GDP ($ millions) 3,418 744,731 GDP growth (%) ­5.3 5.8 GDP per capita (2000 $) 428 580 GDP per capita growth (%) ­6.0 3.2 GDP deflator, index (2000=100; US$ series) 61 164 CPI (% change) 1,096.7 Value added, agriculture (% of GDP) 13.4 14.5 Value added, industry (% of GDP) 16.8 34.0 Value added, services and etc (% of GDP) 40.0 42.6 Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 2.0 Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. Central government revenue (% of GDP) 45.0 23.9 Total external debt (% of GDP) 125.7 23.4 Driversofgrowth Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 0.6 29.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 18.9 Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 12.5 Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 101.2 93.2 Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 40.0 28.6 Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3.6 6.1 Public current education expenditure, primary (% of total current .. .. education expenditure) Starting a business, procedures (number) 10 11 Starting a business, time (days) 96 56 Starting a business, cost (% of income per capita) 676.2 160.3 Registering property, time (days) 30 103 Enforcing contracts, time (days) 410 673 Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0=less disclosure to 8 5 10=more disclosure) Paying taxes, time (hours) 256 320 Paying taxes, total tax rate (% profit) 53 67 Average time to clear direct exports through customs (days) .. 8 Average time to clear imports from customs (days) .. 8 Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 33 42 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44 Electric power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7 Access to electricity (% of total population) .. .. Ratio of paved to total roads (%) 19 12 Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 251 .. Real interest rate (%) ­1 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 27 65 Corruption (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted .. (% of firms this as a major contraint) Crime, theft and disorder (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Tax rates (% of firms identifying this as major constraint) .. Access to finance (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Electricity (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor regulations (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Labor skill level (% of firms identifying this as a major constraint) .. Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.2 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams per hectare of arable land) 339 106 Agricultural machinery tractors per 100 hectares of arable land 75 13 Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 714 1,262 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57 37 106 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 106 12/2/08 12:20:45 P Sub-Saharan Country Africa Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73 35 Terms of trade index (2000=100) 92 .. Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. 112 Export diversification index (%) 15 .. Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 7,671 Workers remittances received ($ millions) 0 3,982 Participatingingrowth Rural population (% of total population) 64 65 Age dependency ratio (dependents to working-age population) 1 1 Population 0­24 (% of total population) 64 .. Life expectancy at birth (years) 43 50 Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. Gini index .. .. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 68 94 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 105 157 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 80 .. Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births) 880 902 Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 36 .. Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12­23 months) 90 72 Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) 3 .. HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15­49) 15.30 5.00 Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS 140,000 1,500,000 Physicians per 1,000 people 0 0 Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 81 60 Student-teacher ratio, primary school 38 47 Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15­24) 98 .. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 97 87 Labor force participation rate, total (% of ages 15 and over) 75 74 Labor force participation rate, male (% of ages 15 and over) 86 86 Labor force participation rate, female (% of ages 15 and over) 65 63 Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 98 81 Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 72 46 Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 37 24 Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 63 42 Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. .. Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. .. Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 9 19 Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. .. Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. .. Internet users (per 100 people) 9 3 Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road (%) .. .. Capablestates CPIA overall rating (IDA resource allocation index, 1 low to 6 high) 1.7 Country has publicly endorsed the EITI principles No Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 Control of corruption (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Voice and accountability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Political stability (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.3 Government effectiveness (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.5 Regulatory law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­2.2 Rule of law (­2.5 worse to 2.5 better) ­1.7 Combined polity score ­4.0 Partnership Net aid ($ millions) 280 37,975 Net aid (% of GDP) 11.0 5.1 Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 21 49 Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 200 27,476 Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 312 Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 80 10,187 Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 0.0 0.0 Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 52,315 Country with an operational national development strategy (A-F) .. .. Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 107 Africa 12-2-08.indd 107 12/2/08 12:20:45 P Glossary Access to electricity is the percentage of the population living in house- holds with access to electricity. (Household survey data, supplemented by World Bank Project Appraisal Documents) Age dependency ratio is the ratio of (dependents to working-age popula- tion) is those ages 15­64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people. World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International. (World Develop- ment Indicators) Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (ex- cluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. (Food Agricultural Organization) Agriculture value added corresponds to ISIC divisions 1­5 and includes for- estry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock pro- duction. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deduc- tions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the Internation- al Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB coun- tries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator. (World Bank national accounts data and OECD National Accounts data files). Average time to clear direct exports through customs is the number of days to clear direct exports through customs. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys (http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/). Average time to clear imports through customs (days) is the average number of days to clear imports through customs. For survey data col- lected in 2006 and 2007, this indicator is computed for the manufacturing module only. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys (http://rru.worldbank.org/ EnterpriseSurveys/). Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries at- tended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Central government revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contribu- tions, and other revenue such as fines, fees, rent, and other income from property sales as a proportion of total gross domestic product (GDP). Grants, although also considered as revenue, are excluded here. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Cereals (exports and imports) quantities and include wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. (FAO da- tabase) Child immunization, measles, is the percentage of children ages 12­23 months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey for four diseases--measles and diphtheria, pertussis (whooping 108 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 108 12/2/08 12:20:45 P cough), and tetanus (DPT). A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine and against DPT after receiving three doses. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% of children under age 5) is the percentage of the children under 5 with access to an insecti- cide-treated bednets to prevent malaria. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Consumer price index is a change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. (World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files). Control of corruption measures the extent of corruption, conventionally de- fined as the exercise of public power for private gain. It is based on scores of variables from surveys and polls of experts. These scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of ­2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996­2004) Corruption is the percentage of firms identifying corruption as a major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the estab- lishment. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/ EnterpriseSurveys/) Corruption Perceptions Index score is a country's score on Transparency International's annual Corruption Perceptions Index, which ranks more than 150 countries on perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys of businesspeople and country analysts. (www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi) Cost to start a business is normalized by presenting it as a percent- age of gross national income (GNI) per capita. (http://rru.worldbank/ DoingBusiness/) Country endorsed the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) principles indicates whether a country has implemented or endorsed the EITI, a multistakeholder approach to increasing governance and transpar- ency in extractive industries. It includes civil society, the private sector, and government and requires a work plan with timeline and budget to ensure sustainability, independent audit of payments and disclosure of revenues, publication of results in a publicly accessible manner, and an approach that covers all companies and government agencies. EITI supports improved governance in resource-rich countries through the verification and full pub- lication of company payments and government revenues from oil, gas, and mining. EITI is a global initiative and the EITI Secretariat has developed an EITI Source Book that provides guidance for countries and companies wish- ing to implement the initiative (www.eitransparency.org/) Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) overall rating (IDA re- source allocation index) assesses the quality of a country's current policy and institutional framework. "Quality" means how conducive that frame- work is to fostering sustainable, poverty-reducing growth and the effective use of development assistance. The CPIA is conducted annually for all Inter- national Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Devel- opment Association borrowers. Ratings are based on 16 criteria, grouped in The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 109 Africa 12-2-08.indd 109 12/2/08 12:20:46 P Glossary four clusters: economic management, structural policies, policies for social inclusion and equity, and public sector management and institutions. The criteria reflect a balance between ensuring that all key factors that foster pro-poor growth and poverty alleviation are captured without overly burden- ing the evaluation process. Country scores reflect a variety of indicators and judgments that are based on country knowledge, analytic work, policy dialogue, or work done by partners as well as relevant publicly available indicators. The rating scale for each criterion varies from 1 (low) to 6 (high). Countries may also receive intermediate scores of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5. The ratings are the main determinant of prospects for current aid ef- fectiveness. Improvements in policies and institutions during the course of the year are reflected in the subsequent year's performance ratings. (World Bank Country Policy and Institutional Assessments) Court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted, is the percentage of firms believing the court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupted as a major con- straint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the establishment. (World Bank's Doing Business project (http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness). Crime, theft and disorder is the percentage of firms who ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major constraint. The computation of the indica- tor is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the establishment. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. (International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files; World Bank and Organisa- tion for Economic Co-operation and Development estimates of gross do- mestic product) Deaths due to HIV/AIDS is the estimated number of adults and children that have died in a specific year based on the modeling of HIV surveil- lance data using standard and appropriate tools. (Joint United Nations Pro- gramme on HIV/AIDS' 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic) Debt service relief committed under HIPC is the amount of debt service re- lief, calculated at the decision point, that will allow the country to achieve debt sustainability at the completion point. (World Bank) Delay for firm in obtaining electrical connection is the average actual de- lay in days that firms experience when obtaining an electrical connection, measured from the day the establishment applied to the day it received the service or approval. (World Bank Investment Climate Assessments) Domestic credit to private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund's International Financial Statis- tics and data files; World Bank and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development gross domestic product estimates; World Bank's World Development Indicators) Economic density is gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices in cur- rent U.S. dollars divided by the total land area in square kilometers. "Land area" refers to the land surface area of a country, excluding inland waters. GDP at market prices in current U.S. dollars is based on the GDP at market 110 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 110 12/2/08 12:20:46 P prices in local currency units, which is converted to dollars at the official exchange rate. If the official exchange rate is significantly different from the prevailing market rate or shows extreme volatility, the local currency is converted into U.S. dollars using an alternative conversion factor. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Electricity is the percentage of firms who ranked electricity as a major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the estab- lishment. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/ EnterpriseSurveys/) Electric power outages in a typical month is the average number of days per year that establishments experienced power outages or surges from the public grid. (World Bank Investment Climate Assessments) Export diversification index measures the extent to which exports are di- versified. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using disag- gregated exports at four digits (following the Standard International Trade Classification Revision 3). A higher index indicates more export diversifica- tion. (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Exports of goods and services are merchandise exports divided by gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars. (World Bank's World De- velopment Indicators) Fertilizer consumption is the aggregate of nitrogenous, phosphate, and pot- ash fertilizers. (Food and Agriculture Organization's Fertilizer Yearbook) Finance is the percentage of firms who ranked access to finance or cost of finance as a major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the establishment. (http://rru.worldbank.org/ EnterpriseSurveys Fiscal balance is revenue (including grants) minus expense, minus net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. In the International Monetary Fund's Government Finance Statistics Manual 1986 nonfinancial assets were in- cluded under revenue and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or deficit is closest to the earlier overall budget balance (still missing is lend- ing minus repayments, which is now a financing item under net acquisition of financial assets). (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Foreign direct investment, net inflows, is the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the in- vestor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long- term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gini index is the most commonly used measure of inequality. The coefficient ranges from 0, which reflects complete equality, to 1, which indicates com- plete inequality (one person has all the income or consumption, all others have none). Graphically, the Gini coefficient can be easily represented by the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of equality. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Government effectiveness measures the quality of public services, the quality and degree of independence from political pressures of the civil The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 111 Africa 12-2-08.indd 111 12/2/08 12:20:46 P Glossary service, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the cred- ibility of the government's commitment to such policies. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996­2004) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total output of goods and services for final use produced by residents and nonresidents, regardless of the alloca- tion to domestic and foreign claims. It is calculated without deducting for depreciation of "manmade" assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. GDP data are at market prices (also known as purchaser values) and have been converted to U.S. dollars using constant (2000) exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not effec- tively reflect the rate applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative currency conversion factor has been used. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) growth is the average annual growth rate calculated from GDP at constant 2000 prices. (World Bank's World Devel- opment Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price deflator is the one-year rate of price change in the economy as a whole (World Bank's World Develop- ment Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is calculated by dividing GDP by the corresponding midyear population. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth is the average annual growth rate of real GDP per capita. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross domestic savings is calculated by deducting total consumption from nominal gross domestic product (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acqui- sitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross national income (GNI) per capita is calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. It is similar in concept to GNI per capita in current prices, except that the use of three-year averages of exchange rates smoothes out sharp fluctuations from year to year. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross primary school enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, re- gardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the primary level of education. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary un- derstanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross secondary school enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially cor- responds to the secondary level of education. Secondary education com- 112 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 112 12/2/08 12:20:46 P pletes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more special- ized teachers. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Gross tertiary school enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially cor- responds to the tertiary level of education. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the sec- ondary level. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Households with own telephone are the percentage of urban or rural house- holds possessing a telephone as a proportion of the total number of urban or rural households, respectively. (Demographic and Health Surveys) Imports of goods and services are merchandise imports divided by gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars. (World Bank's World De- velopment Indicators) Improved sanitation is the percentage of the population with at least ad- equate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent hu- man, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. The excreta disposal system is considered adequate if it is private or shared (but not public) and if it hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and prop- erly maintained. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Improved water source is the percentage of population with reasonable ac- cess to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within 1 kilome- ter of the user's dwelling. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Industry value added corresponds to ISIC divisions 10­45 and includes manu- facturing (ISIC divisions 15­37). It comprises value added in mining, manu- facturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the Inter- national Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator. (World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.) Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. (World Bank's World Develop- ment Indicators) Internet users are the number of people with access to the worldwide net- work, per 100 people. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Irrigated land is areas equipped to provide water to crops. These include areas equipped for full and partial control irrigation, spate irrigation, and equipped wetland or inland valley bottoms. (Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion's Production Yearbook and data files) The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 113 Africa 12-2-08.indd 113 12/2/08 12:20:46 P Glossary Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the total, male, or female population ages 15 and over that is economically active as a proportion of the total population or the total male or female population respectively who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Labor regulations are the percentage of firms who ranked labor regulations as a major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the establishment. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank. org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Labor skills are the percentage of firms who ranked skills of available work- ers as a major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the establishment. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank. org/EnterpriseSurveys/) Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to remain the same throughout its life. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Malnutrition prevalence height for age (% of children under age 5) is the percentage of children under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference popu- lation ages 6­59 months. The reference population, adopted by the World Health Organization in 1983, is based on children from the United States, who are assumed to be well nourished (World Health Organization, Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition). Maternal mortality ratio, modeled estimate is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes during pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated with a regression model us- ing information on fertility, birth attendants, and HIV prevalence. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Net ODA aid from all donors is net aid from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD), Development Assistance Commit- tee (DAC), non-DAC bilateral (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC], the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance [CMEA] coun- tries, and China [OECD data]), and multilateral donors. OPEC countries are Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. The former CMEA countries are Bulgaria, Czechoslo- vakia, the former German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the former Soviet Union). (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) is nominal total net aid divided by central government expenditure. (World Bank's World Develop- ment Indicators) Net ODA aid as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated by dividing the nominal total net aid from all donors by nominal GDP. For a given level of aid flows, devaluation of a recipient's currency may inflate the ratios shown in the table. Thus, trends for a given country and comparisons across countries that have implemented different exchange rate policies should be interpreted carefully. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Net aid from DAC donors is net aid from OECD's DAC donors, which include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, 114 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 114 12/2/08 12:20:46 P Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Net ODA aid from multilateral donors is net aid from multilateral sources, such as the African Development Fund, the European Development Fund for the Commission of the European Communities, the International Devel- opment Association, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, Arab and Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)­fi- nanced multilateral agencies, and UN programs and agencies. Aid flows from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Trust Fund and Structural Ad- justment Facility are also included. UN programs and agencies include the United Nations Technical Assistance Programme, the United Nations Devel- opment Programme, the UN Refugee Agency, the United Nations Children's Fund, and the World Food Programme. Arab and OPEC-financed multilateral agencies include the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, the Islamic Development Bank, the OPEC Fund for International Development, the Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development, the Arab Fund for Technical Assistance to African and Arab Countries, and the Islamic Solidarity Fund. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors is net aid from OECD's non- DAC donors, which include Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Korea Republic, Kuwait, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Slovak Republic, Taiwan China, Thailand, Turkey and United Arab Emirates and other donors (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Net ODA aid per capita is calculated by dividing the nominal total net aid (net disbursements of loans and grants from all official sources on conces- sional financial terms) by midyear population. These ratios offer some indi- cation of the importance of aid flows in sustaining per capita income and consumption levels, although exchange rate fluctuations, the actual rise of aid flows, and other factors vary across countries and over time. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Number of Startup procedures for new business are the number of proce- dures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain neces- sary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. (World Bank's Doing Business proj- ect, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) PDI-1 Operational national development strategies are the degree to the extent to which a country has an operational development strategy to guide the aid coordination effort and the country's overall development. The score is based on the World Bank's 2005 Comprehensive Development Framework Progress Report. An operational strategy calls for a coherent long-term strategy derived from it; specific targets serving a holistic, bal- anced and well sequenced development strategy; and capacity and re- sources for its implementation. (Overview of the Results 2007 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration and World Bank data.) PDI-12 Existence of a mutual accountability indicates whether there is a mechanism for mutual review of progress on aid effectiveness commit- ments. This is an important innovation of the Paris Declaration because it develops the idea that aid is more effective when both donors and partner governments are accountable to their constituents for the use of resources to achieve development results and when they are accountable to each other. The specific focus is mutual accountability for the implementation The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 115 Africa 12-2-08.indd 115 12/2/08 12:20:47 P Glossary of the partnership commitments included in the Paris Declaration and any local agreements on enhancing aid effectiveness. (Overview of the Results 2007 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration and World Bank data). Physicians per 1,000 people are the number of physicians, including gener- alists and specialists, per 1,000 people. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Polity score is computed by subtracting the Institutionalized autocracy score from the Institutionalized democracy score; the resulting unified polity scale ranges from +10 (strongly democratic) to ­10 (strongly auto- cratic). (Polity IV Project Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800­2006, Center for Systemic Peace www.systemicpeace.org/polity). Population is total population is based on the de facto definition of popula- tion, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship-- except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. The values shown are midyear estimates. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Population growth is the one-year rate of growth in total population. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Population ages 0­24 (% of total population) is the percentage of the total population that is in the age group 0 to 24. World Bank staff es- timates from various sources including census reports, (United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International) Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Prevalence of HIV is the percentage of people ages 15­49 infected by HIV. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Primary school completion rate, total, is the percentage of students com- pleting the last year of primary school. It is calculated as the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeat- ers in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official gradua- tion age. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Private sector capital formation is gross fixed capital formation for the private sector. Gross fixed capital formation consists of gross domestic fixed capital formation plus net changes in the level of inventories, divided by gross domestic product (GDP), which is obtained by converting national currency GDP series in current prices to U.S. dollars at official annual ex- change rates. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Protecting investors disclosure index measures the degree to which in- vestors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial infor- mation. (World Bank's Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/ DoingBusiness/) Public current education expenditure, primary is the share of public cur- rent expenditure on education that is devoted to primary education. (Unit- 116 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 116 12/2/08 12:20:47 P ed Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school is the ratio of female to male gross enrollment rates in primary and secondary school. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) Ratio of paved to total roads is the length of paved roads, which are sur- faced with crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a percentage of the length of all the country's roads. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs. (Interna- tional Monetary Fund's International Financial Statistics). Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea- sured by the gross domestic product (GDP) deflator. (International Mon- etary Fund's International Financial Statistics and data files, using World Bank data on the GDP deflator) Regulatory quality measures the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Gov- ernance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996­2004) Rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, spe- cifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. (World Bank's Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Road density is the total length of national road network per 1,000 square kilometers of total land area. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract enforce- ment, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996­2004) Rural population (% of total population) is calculated as the difference be- tween the total population and the urban population. The data on urban population shares used to estimate rural population come from the United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects. Total population figures are World Bank estimates. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Services plus discrepancy value added correspond to ISIC divisions 50­99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepan- cies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or deple- tion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 117 Africa 12-2-08.indd 117 12/2/08 12:20:47 P Glossary (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator. (World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.) Student-teacher ratio, primary school, is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regard- less of their teaching assignment). (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Tax rates are the percentage of firms who ranked tax rates as a major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the estab- lishment. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/ EnterpriseSurveys/) Telephone subscribers are subscribers to a main telephone line service, which connects a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network, or to a cellular telephone service, which uses cellular technology. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Terms of trade index measures the relative movement of export and import prices. It is calculated as the ratio of a country's export unit values or prices to its import unit values or prices relative to a base year (2000). (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Time to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate cases, payment. (World Bank's Doing Business project (http://rru.worldbank. org/DoingBusiness/). Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes is the number of hours it takes to pre- pare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions. (World Bank, Doing Business proj- ect (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). Time to register a property is the number of calendar days needed for busi- nesses to secure rights to property. (World Bank's Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to com- plete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. (World Bank's Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank. org/DoingBusiness/) Total external debt is the ratio of total debt (sum of long-term debts in the form of official concessional, official nonconcessional, and private debt plus International Monetary Fund credit and estimates of total short-term debt and interest in arrears on public and publicly guaranteed long-term loans) to gross domestic product (GDP). (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Total tax rate (%profit) are taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the prof- its of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation. (International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files). 118 2008 The Little Data Book on Africa Africa 12-2-08.indd 118 12/2/08 12:20:47 P Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Voice and accountability measures the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government and to enjoy freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media. (Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indica- tors for 1996­2004) Workers remittances received comprise current transfers by migrant work- ers and wages and salaries by nonresident workers. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) Youth literacy rate, total, is the percentage of people ages 15­24 who can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (World Bank's World Development Indicators) The Little Data Book on Africa 2008 119 Africa 12-2-08.indd 119 12/2/08 12:20:47 P Africa 12-2-08.indd 120 12/2/08 12:20:47 P Africa 12-2-08.indd 121 12/2/08 12:20:47 P Africa 12-2-08.indd 122 12/2/08 12:20:47 P