Wind Resource Mapping in Zambia PHASE 2 IMPLEMENTATION REPORT March 2016 This report was prepared by DNV GL, under contract to The World Bank. It is one of several outputs from the wind Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning [Project ID: P145271]. This activity is funded and supported by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), a multi-donor trust fund administered by The World Bank, under a global initiative on Renewable Energy Resource Mapping. Further details on the initiative can be obtained from the ESMAP website. This document is an interim output from the above-mentioned project. Users are strongly advised to exercise caution when utilizing the information and data contained, as this has not been subject to full peer review. The final, validated, peer reviewed output from this project will be the Zambia Wind Atlas, which will be published once the project is completed. Copyright © 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK Washington DC 20433 Telephone: +1-202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the consultants listed, and not of World Bank staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1-202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Furthermore, the ESMAP Program Manager would appreciate receiving a copy of the publication that uses this publication for its source sent in care of the address above, or to esmap@worldbank.org. RENEWABLE ENERGY WIND MAPPING FOR ZAMBIA Phase 2 Implementation Plan The World Bank Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03 Issue: E, Status: FINAL Date: 12 April 2016 IMPORTANT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER 1. 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Commercial in Confidence : Not to be disclosed outside the Customer’s organization. DNV GL only : Not to be disclosed to non-DNV GL staff Distribution for information only at the discretion of the Customer (subject to the above Important Notice and Disclaimer and the Customer’s Discretion : terms of DNV GL’s written agreement with the Customer). Available for information only to the general public (subject to the Published : above Important Notice and Disclaimer). DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 4 www.dnvgl.com Project name: Renewable Energy Wind Mapping for Zambia DNV GL - Energy Report title: Phase 2 Implementation Plan Renewables Advisory Customer: The World Bank, 9665 Chesapeake Drive, Suite 435 1818 H Street, N.W. San Diego, CA 92123 Washington, DC 20433 Tel: 703-795-8103 Contact person: Francesca Fusaro Enterprise No.: 94-3402236 Date of issue: 12 April 2016 Project No.: 702833 Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03 Issue/Status E/FINAL Task and objective: Final selection of eight tower sites, including summary of site visits, and implementation plan, including; permitting and land control, equipment supply and configuration, organizational structure, schedule, capacity building, installation, and commissioning. Prepared by: Verified by: Approved by: Shant Dokouzian Daran Rife Clint Johnson Senior Project Manager, Development and Global Head of Mesoscale Modelling Department Head, PD&E Engineering Services Cory Gessert Senior Project Manager, Development and Engineering Services ☐ Strictly Confidential Keywords: ☐ Private and Confidential World Bank, Zambia, Wind, Measurement, tower, ☐ Commercial in Confidence mesoscale, Implementation Plan, site visits ☐ DNV GL only ☒ Customer’s Discretion ☐ Published © Garrad Hassan America, Inc.. All rights reserved. Reference to part of this report which may lead to misinterpretation is not permissible. Issue Date Reason for Issue Prepared by Verified by Approved by A 15 May 2015 DRAFT S. Dokouzian D. Rife / C. Gessert C. Johnson B 29 May 2015 Minor Revisions, FINAL S. Dokouzian D. Rife / C. Gessert C. Johnson C 29 May 2015 Minor Revisions, FINAL S. Dokouzian D. Rife / C. Gessert C. Johnson D 6 November 2015 Updates throughout, FINAL S. Dokouzian D. Rife / C. Gessert C. Johnson E 12 April 2016 Updates throughout, FINAL S. Dokouzian D. Rife / C. Gessert C. Johnson DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 5 www.dnvgl.com Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 7 2 PRIOR SUBMITTALS ..................................................................................................................... 7 3 SITE VISITS ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Objective ................................................................................................................................. 8 3.2 Site visit summary – Technical .................................................................................................... 8 3.3 Site visit summary – Environmental ........................................................................................... 13 4 FINAL SITES RECOMENDATION .................................................................................................... 18 5 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN .............................................................................................................. 21 5.1 Organizational structure ........................................................................................................... 21 5.2 Permitting and land control ....................................................................................................... 23 5.3 Tower and instrumentation supply ............................................................................................. 24 5.4 Shipping and Construction ........................................................................................................ 31 5.5 Schedule ................................................................................................................................ 32 5.6 Commissioning report .............................................................................................................. 33 5.7 Operations ............................................................................................................................. 34 5.8 In-country capacity building...................................................................................................... 36 APPENDIX A – DOE PRE-VISIT SITE IDENTIFICATION OF WIND TOWER INSTALLATION .......................... 38 APPENDIX B – SITE VISIT ATTENDEES ............................................................................................ 43 APPENDIX C – TABULAR COMPARISON OF VISITED SITES .................................................................. 44 APPENDIX D – SITE PLAN AND PICTURES ........................................................................................ 50 List of tables Table 4-1 Proposed final down selected sites for wind measurement towers .......................................... 18 Table 5-1 Instrumentation summary ............................................................................................... 29 Table 5-2 Spare parts ................................................................................................................... 35 List of figures Figure 4-1 Recommended sites for wind measurement towers (green circles) ........................................ 20 Figure 5-1 Phase 2 organizational structure ...................................................................................... 22 Figure 5-2 Recommended tower instrumentation............................................................................... 30 DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 6 www.dnvgl.com 1 INTRODUCTION The World Bank (“Client”) has retained Garrad Hassan America, Inc. (“DNV GL”) to provide a validated mesoscale wind atlas for Zambia, including associated deliverables and wind energy development training courses. Validation of the wind atlas will be undertaken by installing several wind measurement meteorological towers throughout the country. Meteorological data collected at these sites over a 2-year period will provide the basis for validating the mesoscale modeling outputs. This report describes the site visits undertaken at the 12 potential site candidates, the final recommendation of 8 sites, as well as the proposed Phase 2 Implementation Plan. 2 PRIOR SUBMITTALS A long list of potential candidate sites was initially proposed by DNV GL, accompanied by the methodology for the site selection, and a general technical description of a wind monitoring site (ref.: Candidate Site Selection report, 702833-USSD-R-01-C, original report 12 November 2014, final report 22 December 2014). Subsequently, a meeting was held at the Zambian Department of Energy offices on 12 December 2014, in Lusaka. During the meeting, a down selection of the optimal 12 sites was undertaken. The process and outcome were summarized in the Candidate Down Selection Technical Note (ref.: Candidate Down Selection Technical Note, 702833-USSD-T-01-A, 7 January 2015). At the request of the Zambian Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), a report summarizing the land and environmental features of the proposed 12 candidate locations, as well as a general description of a wind monitoring station, was prepared and submitted by DNV GL (Meteorological Tower Proposed Locations and General Description for ZEMA Review, 702833-USSD-T-02-A, dated 16 January 2015). DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 7 www.dnvgl.com 3 SITE VISITS 3.1 Objective Site visits were organized and undertaken at the 12 most favorable candidate sites. In order to avoid the bulk of the rainy season, these were organized for the second half of March 2015. During the preparation period, the Zambian Department of Energy (DoE) undertook preliminary site visits at the 12 sites in order to meet the various local stakeholders. This allowed the DoE to obtain crucial information on land control and any other special considerations. A table summarizing the findings was provided to DNV GL on 19 March 2015, and can be found under Appendix A. Comprehensive site visits were subsequently undertaken from 23 March to 9 April 2015. Three teams performed the visits, with the following objectives: i. DoE: The DoE team, led by Mr. Mbolela, helped with access and undertook visiting all relevant District Offices. Introduction letters were provided at the District Commissioner (DC) offices, in order to pave the way for any future land control requests, on towers sited on State Land. The DoE team was also instrumental in meeting with the on-site Headman, which proved invaluable for specific tower siting, access, and social acceptance. The DoE team also participated in technical training, including the use of typical surveying equipment. ii. Technical team: The Technical team was composed of DNV GL, a geotechnical representative of Rankin Engineering, and a technical representative of the tower installation company. The purpose of the Technical Team was to micro-site the tower, by taking into consideration representativeness of the location for wind resource measurements, land features, access, constructability, high-level soil conditions, obstacles, topography, security and wireless signal for data communication. iii. Environmental team: The Environmental team was composed of Rankin Engineering representatives, to collect all the relevant social, environmental, and biological information suitable to prepare Environmental Project Briefs (EPBs). At the time of the visits, it was not clear what would be required for ZEMA. The team however gathered the necessary information to eventually prepare EPBs. It was later confirmed that EPBs were required, which were submitted in June/July 2015. Further details on the team members, equipment to be installed and permitting can be found under Section 5. Further details on site visit attendees are shown under Appendix B. Comprehensive technical and environmental checklists were used during the visits. The pertinent information is described and summarized in the following sections. 3.2 Site visit summary – Technical All final site locations were deemed representative for wind resource measurements. All sites are accessible and constructible, albeit with additional challenges for the site Lusaka I due to the medium complexity of the site terrain. The general Muketa region is prone to some flooding and may pose a bigger challenge for any long-term and large scale development. Wireless signals were found on most sites; however, with poor DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 8 www.dnvgl.com signal on Mpika, with the top tier service providers. A local stakeholder, such as a Headman or a farmer, accompanied the teams on most of the site visits, with no issues to report. The following sub-sections provide summaries on a site by site basis, and in the order they were visited. A table summarizing the below information and other relevant information, such as average wind speed, is shown in Appendix C. Preliminary site plans and site photos are shown in Appendix D. 3.2.1 Lusaka I The Lusaka I site is located approximately 50 km east of Chongwe, and 100 km east of Lusaka. A turnoff from the paved Great Eastern Road (T4), leads onto a dirt trail for approximately 12 km to the main access turnoff, 500 m before Headman Katyantya’s property. A 4X4 vehicle is required from this point, and over a small stream crossing covered with large rocks. Access is through another turnoff at approximately 1.3 km to the southeast, and then trucks need to park 1 km further. From here, the site can be accessed by foot, over a distance of 400 m, with topographic gradients between 5 and 15%. Some bush and small tree clearing will be required for proper access to the site. The tower would be located on a 50-75 m wide and relatively flat ridgeline, oriented northwest-southeast. Some clearing of secondary growth trees, up to 10 m high will be required to erect the tower. The soil around the site is a mix of organic soils, sand, and predominantly gravels with outcrops of rock in many places. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures, with or without an extra berm to add dead load at the anchor points, if pits cannot be dug deep enough. Rock anchors are also an option. There is good wireless signal with MTN. There is adequate lodging and supplies in the town of Chongwe, and the City of Lusaka. There are no major construction impediments, with the exception of longer foot access on steep slopes and a need to tailor the tower design to suit the slopes at the anchor points. 3.2.2 Lusaka II The Lusaka II site is 76 km north of Lusaka along paved road T2, on the way to the Copperbelt region. The site is on a privately owned farm, with the turnoff properly identified as Kambwese Farm. The farm manager building is located 250 m from the main road. From here, a normal vehicle can access the site via approximately 4 km of dirt road, and though various fences used to control cattle movement. Vehicles can park less than 100 m from the tower center. The site is generally flat. There are mid-height bush and scattered trees. Denser trees are located to the far southeast. Some trees, up to 15 m require cutting for proper tower erection. The soil around the site is a mix of predominantly organic soils and sand. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with MTN and Airtel. There is adequate lodging and supplies in the nearby city of Lusaka, and possibility of hiring machinery for the civil works from the farm itself. There are no major construction impediments. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 9 www.dnvgl.com 3.2.3 Old Petauke The Old Petauke site is located approximately 20 km from the paved Great east Road (T4), and 15 km northwest of Petauke. Approximately 2.5 km after passing Old Petauke, on a dirt road suitable for a normal car, a turn off leads toward the site, for another 1.5 km, but with a 4X4 truck. The remaining 1-200 m can be walked by foot, on gently uphill terrain, and through pre-existing trails. Some minor improvement of the access road (last 2-300 m), and clearing of shrub on the trail may be necessary. The site is relatively flat, but with rolling hills in every direction. There is higher ground to the west, and gentle peaks to the far west, with downward sloping terrain to the east. The site has low lying crops and bush. Denser trees are located to the north. Some clearing will be required for the anchors. The soil around the site is a mix of organic soils and sand. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with Airtel, and possibly MTN. There is basic lodging and supplies in the nearby town of Petauke, with better services in the town of Chipata, which is approximately 2 hours away. There are no major construction impediments, apart from some of the access to be done by foot up a gentle slope. 3.2.4 Malawi Border The Malawi Border site is located east of the town of Chipata. From paved road M12, which travels parallel to the Malawi Border, turn off 76 km from Chipata onto a wide and flat dirt road for approximately 900 m. From here, walk 400 m on flat foot trails to the site. The site is flat. The area is generally covered with low lying crops and some scattered trees. There are up to 20 m high trees over 250 m to the east and up to 15 m to the south at a distance of 150 m. Minor clearing may be required to site the tower. The soil around the site is a mix of organic soils and sand. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with Airtel and MTN. There is excellent lodging and supplies in the nearby town of Chipata. There are no major construction impediments. 3.2.5 Mpika The Mpika site is located 30 km north along the M1 paved road leading from Mpika toward Kasama. Turnoff is 1 km before access to the Headman Milunga dwelling, and onto a dirt foot trail. 4X4 trucks can drive another 500 m east along the narrow trail, but will need to park 300 m short of the site, which will be accessed by foot. The site is flat. The area is generally covered with low lying bush up to a height of 1-1.5 m, and some scattered trees up to 10-15 m. Some clearing may be required for proper installation of the tower. The area is generally covered with low lying crops and some scattered trees. There are up to 20 m tall trees over 250 m to the east and up to 15 m to the south at a distance of 150 m. The soil around the site is a mix of organic soils and sand. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 10 www.dnvgl.com There is good wireless signal with Zamtel; however, deemed of lesser quality in continuity of service, poor wireless signal with MTN (-103 dB), and no service with Airtel. Satellite transmission of data is possible on this site. There is satisfactory lodging and supplies in the nearby town of Mpika. There are no major construction impediments. 3.2.6 Chanka The Chanka site is located to the far east of Zambia in proximity of the Tanzania border. The site is accessed by driving approximately 130 km northeast along the Great Northern Road (T2), past the level of Chinsali. The quality of the paved road is greatly diminished for this section of the T2, and due to the high volume of trucks from Tanzania, should be avoided at night. At the turnoff, drive 28 km, northeast on a dirt road until the town of Chanka. A 4X4 vehicle will then be needed to drive another 1.5 km northwest on a narrow path to the tower location. The site is generally flat, but with slightly decreasing elevation as one travels northwest. The area is generally covered with low lying bush up to a height of 1 m, with higher patches up to 2 m toward the north. Some bush clearing will be required for proper installation of the tower. The soil around the site is a mix of organic soils and fine to course sand. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with MTN. The closest basic lodging and supplies is the nearby town of Nakonde. There are no major construction impediments. 3.2.7 Kasama The Kasama site is located 60 km west of Kasama along the paved Kasama Luwingu road (M3). At the turnoff, an old but good access road to the south will need to be re-opened by clearing scattered bush and small trees along a distance of 3-400m. Once cleared, normal vehicles can park next to the tower location. If the town of Kasama is accessed from the east, a pontoon crossing is required and is only open during normal working hours. The site is flat with semi-dense 2-3 m high bush and 5-15 m trees at a distance of more than 100 m. Clearing will be required to erect the tower. The site is remote and may need additional security. The soil around the site is a mix of organic soils and sand with traces of gravel. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with MTN and Airtel. There is good lodging and supplies in the nearby town of Kasama. There are no major construction impediments. 3.2.8 Mansa The Mansa site is located 37 km north of Mansa along the paved Kasama Luwingu road (M3). Vehicles shall park along the road or slightly off the main road close to dwellings. From here, the site can be accessed by walking on flat foot trails over a distance of 250 m to the northwest, behind a row of dwellings. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 11 www.dnvgl.com The site is flat low lying bush up to 1 m and scattered bush up to 2 m. Clearing will be required to erect the tower. Sparsely scattered termite mounds up to 3-5 m are found in every direction. The soil around the site is a mix of organic soils and sand with traces of gravel. The tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with MTN and Airtel. There is good lodging and supplies in the nearby town of Mansa. There are no major construction impediments. 3.2.9 Chingola The Chingola site is located off Lufwanyama - Kankolokolo road (D771). To access the site, travel 14 km along the T4 highway from Chingola until the D771/T5 junction on the left hand side. Then travel 9.5 km south on this road, passing a major intersection along the way, and the farm is on the left hand side. Access on this route during the wet season will require a 4X4 vehicle. The road is wide enough for a truck and trailer. The tower location is easily accessible within the farm and a truck can park within 150 m from the tower location. The terrain is relatively flat with mainly grass and some bush 2 to 3 m high within 100 m radius from the tower center. Medium dense bushes and trees (5 to 10 m high) can be found approximately 150 m from the tower center. Some bush clearing will be required to properly install the tower. The soil is likely a mix of stable organic soils and sand and the tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with MTN and Airtel. There is adequate lodging and supplies in the nearby town Chingola. There are no major construction impediments. 3.2.10 Mwinilunga The Mwinilunga site is located 216 km from Solwezi town and 62 km from Mwinilunga town along the T5 road (Solwezi- Mwinilunga). The site is about 750 m south from the road and access is through an earth road to Sailunga Health Center and Chief Sailunga’s palace. The access road (215 km from Solwezi and 62 km from Mwinilunga) is narrow but accessible by a 4X4 truck. The site is about 1 km along the access road, and offset by 150 m to the right. A truck can park within 150 m from the site center but with slight bush clearing of existing track, a 4X4 truck could get within 70 m to the site center. The terrain is relatively flat with grass and bush 2-3 m high within 50-70 m of the tower center. There is medium dense forest with trees 10-15 m high, and located from 70-100 m from tower center onward. Bush clearing will be required to properly install the tower. The soil is likely a mix of organic soils and sand and the tower central base and guy wire anchors will likely be buried steel structures. There is good wireless signal with MTN. There is adequate lodging and supplies in Solwezi and Mwinilunga. There are no major construction impediments. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 12 www.dnvgl.com 3.2.11 Muketa The Muketa site is located 347 km from Lusaka, 51 km from Kaoma town along M9 (Lusaka- Kaoma – Mongu Road). The site is about 550 m north from the main road (M9) and access is through a narrow track branching off from the main road. Slight clearing will make the track sufficiently wide for a 4X4 truck to reach within 100 m from the tower center, and ideally this could be done in the dry season. The terrain is relatively flat with mainly grass and widely scattered bushes within 100 m of the site (more so east of the site). The site gets water logged in the rainy season. There is relatively dense bush with trees of up to 15 m high located about 200 m from the tower center, especially in the northwest direction. The soil is likely a mix of organic soil and sand and the tower central base and guy wire anchors are likely to be concrete structures due to the wet conditions of the soil especially in rainy season. There is good wireless signal with MTN. There are adequate lodging and supplies in Kaoma. There are no major construction impediments other than the water-logged soils. 3.2.12 Choma The Choma site is located about 25 km from Choma town. Access to the site is gained from a gravel road which branches to the west off of the T1, about 5 km south of Choma, just before the railway crossing. Travelling 18 km along this gravel route, turn right (north-west) on another gravel road and travel for 1.5 km leading to a narrow access to the left of an undeveloped farm on which the site is located. Turn left into this property and travel for 800 m to the location of the site. Access is wide enough for a truck and trailer until the last 800 m, from where a 4X4 truck will be required to enter, and can reach within 250 m of where the towerwould be centered. The terrain is relatively flat with bush 3-5 m high. The tower location is within 100 m of an isolated wetland. Some bush clearing will be required to properly install the tower. The soil is likely a mix of organic soil and sand and the tower central base and guy wire anchors are likely to be buried steel structures. Guy wire anchor at 100-degrees rotation may need to have concrete structure upon verification due to suspect loose soils found at the anchor location. There is good wireless signal with MTN. There is adequate lodging and supplies in Choma Town. There are no major Construction impediments. 3.3 Site visit summary – Environmental No major issues of concern are noted on the physical environment, other than a few mature trees, which would need to be cut, but these are in isolated cases. In terms of land control, DoE would need to finalize land acquisition with area Chiefs, on State Land sites. In the case of Lusaka II and Chingola sites, these are under private ownership and potential compensation would need to be harmonized with the land owners (i.e., written agreements). There are sites which are located in areas used for crop production. Although such lands are under traditional authorities and under the Zambian Lands Act, such land owners would not qualify for compensation, but the international practices including that of the World Bank would require that livelihood DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 13 www.dnvgl.com of the affected persons are taken into consideration. The project would need to consider compensating such land owners for their efforts and give enough notice to vacate (i.e., not continue farming the area taken by the tower footprint), the discrete area taken by the tower. The compensation would not include land compensation but would focus on livelihood restoration. Fencing of the site will be required to nearly all the site in order to prevent both people and livestock from getting close to anchor wires. Some sites such as Chanka and Mansa are very close to access trails and if not fenced, may pose a hazard to the users. The following sub-sections provide summaries on a site by site basis, and in the order they were visited. 3.3.1 Lusaka I The site is located on traditional land under the administration of Chief Bunda Bunda of Chongwe District. It is a green field site, which has not been disturbed by human activities especially since it is located on top of a mountain. There are no major surface water bodies close to the site other than the Lusokoshi stream located about 700 m east of the site. However, this stream is seasonal. There is no Game Management Area (GMA) or National Park close to site. The only minor issue of concern is the good standing miombo woodlands and the project may affect some of the mature trees (i.e., about five mature trees may need to be cut). 3.3.2 Lusaka II The site is located on privately owned land belonging to the Kambwese Farm. Issues of compensation for land use would need to be harmonized and consent letter signed with the landowner. In addition, being in a commercial area, there are animals which may be affected by the erection of the tower although this impact would easily be managed by fencing off the site in order to protect the animals especially from the anchor wires. Fencing will also protect the tower from large animals. Some trees might also be affected especially given that the area has not been cleared because it is mostly used for animal grazing. 3.3.3 Old Petauke This site is located in Chief Nyampande area in Mpeta village about 700 m off the Musolo road. It is located in a brown field currently used for crop farming by Mr. Bukisani Nyendwa. Although the Zambian Land Laws do not compensate land under traditional land and land acquisition should be through the Area Chief and village Headman, this is a special case because this site has already been cleared and is used for crop farming (growing of maize and sunflower). The owner of the field would therefore need to be compensated for his effort and be given enough notice to harvest his current crops. In addition, the project, through the DoE, would need to facilitate and help Mr. Bukisan Nyendwa to obtain a new piece of land from Chief Nyampande and the responsible village Headman. If land is available from the traditional chiefs (DoE should confirm this), then the compensation should only include cost of clearing the land and cultivation (since the new land is most likely to be a virgin land) plus a certain percentage of inconveniencing (around 15%). 3.3.4 Malawi Border This site is located in Lumezi Constituency and Diwa ward in Lundazi District, and directly falls under the traditional administration of Chief Mwese Mpango and two Headmen (Kalimwene & Pente). It is a brown field DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 14 www.dnvgl.com used for crop farming and belongs to two families (Mr. Allan Mwale of Kalimwene village & Headman Pente of Pente village). These landowners would need to be compensated and be given enough notice. In addition, the project through the DoE would need to facilitate and help the two land owners obtain new pieces of land from Chief Mwase Mpango and the responsible village Headmen. If land is available from the traditional chiefs (DoE should confirm this), then the compensation should only include cost of clearing the land and cultivation (since the new land is most likely to be a virgin land) plus a certain percentage of inconveniencing (around 15%). 3.3.5 Mpika This site is located on a brown field which was once cleared for “Chitemene” or cut and burn shifting cultivation usually practiced in this area. It is 800 m off the Mpika-Kasama road in Milunga village. Although the site is located in a cleared field, there will be no compensation to be paid to the household, which had initially cleared the land. This is because once land is cleared under “Chitemene” farming system, much of the cleared land is not used other than the area where actual burning has occurred. The erection of the tower will not affect livelihood of the household, which had cleared the site and therefore would not qualify for compensation. 3.3.6 Chanka This site is located along the Kanyala Road, in Mwinechaka village, behind Mwinechaka Basic School in Nakonde District. The site is a cleared area for cultivation; however, it has been abandoned due to the soil type (located in a sand area) and according to both the village Headman and the ward councilor, there is no household, which can lay claim on the land. There are no major issue of concern for this site other than the fact the site is located close to a major access route (i.e., one anchor point is approximately 20 m from the access route going to Mpumba Community School). Fencing off this site would be imperative to prevent road users from coming close to the anchor wires. 3.3.7 Kasama This site is located along the Kasama-Luwingu Road, in Chief Munkonge Munkonge area. The site is located over 3 km from any close settlement (i.e., Munkonge village). There are no human activities and the area has remained a brown field although most of the trees around the site are of secondary generation, probably due to the “Chitemene” type of farming practiced in the area (i.e., cut and burn). There are no issues of concern for the site other than the fact that four of the mature trees will be affected. 3.3.8 Mansa The site is found in the Mano area, in Chibamba village of Chief Chisunka’s chiefdom along the Mansa- Kawambwa road. Although the site is located in a cleared field, there will be no compensation to be paid to the household, which had initially cleared the land. This is because once land is cleared under “Chitemene” farming system, much of the cleared land is not used other than the area where actual burning has occurred. The erection of DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 15 www.dnvgl.com the tower will not affect livelihood of the household, which had cleared the site and therefore would not qualify for compensation. There are no major issue of concern for this site other than the fact the site is located close to a major access route (i.e., one anchor point is about 40 m from the access route going to the palace for Chief Chisunka). In addition, there are communities very close to the site along the Kawambwa-Mansa road (i.e., about 600 m). Fencing of this site would be imperative to prevent road users from coming close to the anchor wires. Livestocks (i.e., goats) also graze within the site area. 3.3.9 Chingola This site is located on a privately owned farm under Lufwanyama Ranch, for Mr. Rob Shiel. Issues of compensation for land use would need to be harmonized and a consent letter signed with the landowner. In addition, being a ranching farm, there are animals which may be affected by the erection of the tower, although this impact would easily be managed by fencing off the site in order to protect the animals especially from the anchor wires. The selected site is a brown field, which was initially cleared for growing of soy beans, but this has been abandoned. The project would not affect any trees, which are still intact in the vicinity of the project area (i.e., radius of 100 m). 3.3.10 Mwinilunga The site is located in Makayabu village, along the Solwezi-Mwinilunga road, off the access route to Chief Sailunga’s palace in Mwinilunga District. This site has no issues of concern; it is located away from Makayabu village, in an area not used for cultivation due to the type of grass common within the project site (“Afromomum Africanum or locally known as “Intungulu”) and the sand soil, which does not support traditional farming. However, there are tracks close the site (about 100 m) used by community members and fencing off the site may be ideal to prevent people from getting close to the anchor wires and the tower itself. 3.3.11 Muketa This site is located in Mwenamuleka village, in the newly established district of Nkeyema of Chief Kahare, along the Mumbwa-Kaoma road. Although land is still under traditional authority, it has been allocated to Mr. Luhila (who apparently stays in Lusaka), but his relatives are using the land to grow rice (being located in a plain area and ideal for rice production). Currently, the people cultivating rice on this plain have not cultivated on the actual site selected for erection of the tower; however, the project was informed that they had plans to expand the farming acreages to this location. Given the traditional land system tenure in Western Province, it is recommended that this piece of land is compensated, due to plains not being readily available. However, if similar land can be obtained from the traditional chief, then compensation should not be paid, as the tower will not be erected on cultivated land. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 16 www.dnvgl.com 3.3.12 Choma The site is located in the Sibanyati area along the road going to Siachitema Mission Hospital. It is located in an isolated area, currently not used for any farming activities. However, there is a small plain about 70 m from the selected site on the western part, which is mostly used by animals (grazing area for cattle). This site would therefore require fencing to prevent animals from getting into the area of the proposed tower. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 17 www.dnvgl.com 4 FINAL SITES RECOMENDATION As detailed in the Candidate Site Selection report, a “heat map” and various input maps were used to initially select a long list of tower locations across Zambia, with the emphasis of calibrating the mesoscale wind map, but also with a secondary goal of siting towers in locations with a potential for future large scale wind farm development. Thirty-one locations were initially identified and presented in the Candidate Site Selection report. Out of the 31 sites, 12 sites were down selected by the stakeholders and DNV GL. These 12 sites were deemed the most optimal locations for the objectives at-hand. Further to the site visits recently undertaken and detailed under Section 3, DNV GL is proposing a final down selection to 8 sites, to be built under Phase 2 of the program. The final selection is listed in Table 4-1 below. A map representing the 12 sites, and the final 8 locations highlighted with green circles, is shown under Figure 4-1. Table 4-1 Proposed final down selected sites for wind measurement towers Ground ID Tower Name Latitude Longitude Province Elevation [m] 1 Lusaka I 15°20"47.6' 29°4"59.5' Lusaka 1209 2 Old Petauke 14°11"45.8' 31°12"35.8' Eastern 1008 3 Malawi Border 13°8"54.4' 32°57"16.8' Eastern 1064 4 Mpika 11°38"35.4' 31°20"26.4' Northern 1418 5 Chanka 9°41"59.7' 32°57"5.2' Northern 1368 6 Mansa 10°53"17' 28°59"48.5' Luapula 1345 North 7 Mwinilunga 11°44"34.8' 24°55"32.4' 1521 Western 8 Choma 16°49"43.1' 26°46"52.8' Southern 1363 In addition to the multi-criteria analysis previously undertaken under the Site Selection Report, the following are key items and noteworthy comments which informed the final selection: • The selection offers diverse coverage for Zambia, and especially within areas most likely to experience future wind development. • Access and construction are straightforward, with the exception of more challenging but feasible for Lusaka I. • Sites in areas where the interim wind atlas indicates excellent wind resource (Lusaka I, Chanka, Mpika) but also at sites with lower indicative wind resource, to adequately represent the spectrum of wind regimes. • Wide range of ground cover (i.e., roughness length), with Malawi Border having the lowest roughness length and Mwinilunga having the highest roughness length, for model validation. • Data in diverse topography, from flat sites, to rolling hills, to medium-complex sites (Lusaka I). Mpika also being on the leeward side of the Muchinga escarpment. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 18 www.dnvgl.com • Sites within Customary land only (i.e., State Land), which facilitates land control through the District Offices and City Chiefs. • Sites that are relatively close to major roads, towns and power transmission (from the preliminary information available on the public domain). • Lusaka I lies within an area of potentially good wind resource. However, this site also has a high modelled uncertainty making it an ideal location to site a tower to provide calibration data for the map and improve the map’s overall accuracy. The proximity of energy demand and infrastructure also contribute to this site being favorable for measurements. • Good wind resource from the easterly Indian Ocean trade winds makes both Old Petauke and Malawi Border interesting for future wind development. The uncertainty in the modeled wind resource is moderately high. • Choma provides measurements in the southern province, an area with good wind resource and infrastructure. • The Muchinga escarpment may be responsible for good wind resource at the relatively flat and downwind Mpika I tower. Anecdotal evidence also points to this areas having promising wind resource. Chanka, in the extreme northeast remains close to infrastructure and is well exposed to winds around the border with Tanzania. It also provides data in the most easterly area of Zambia, and in an area with possibly high roughness length, which aids the process of model validation. • Mansa would cover a potentially interesting area in the province of Luapula, with particular interest from DoE representatives. • Expansion of the transmission grid into the northern part of the North-Western province, and additional mining development, make Mwinilunga an interesting Candidate for future wind development. • Muketa was not retained due to high potential of flooding and abundance of wetlands in the general area. Lusaka II was not retained due to its proximity to Lusaka I. Kasama was not retained as it offered less advantages than other sites, and finally Chingola was not retained as it did not offer as much value as other sites for the overall model validation. However, DNV GL is agreeable to discuss these recommendations and also provide alternate scenarios. It should be noted that the identification exercise for the eight recommended sites is based upon desktop analysis, site visits, stakeholder comments and publicly available data. Permitting for Civil Aviation and ZEMA is not completed and feedback from either agency could have an impact on the selection. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 19 www.dnvgl.com Figure 4-1 Recommended sites for wind measurement towers (green circles) DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 20 www.dnvgl.com 5 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Year 2016 will see the installation of 8 state-of-the-art 80 m meteorological wind measurements towers across Zambia, in order to calibrate the wind atlas and provide sought-after data suitable for future wind energy development. In order to achieve this goal, the following section describes the implementation plan set forth for permitting, procurement, engineering, construction, capacity building and operations. 5.1 Organizational structure A solid team of in-country subcontractors and international suppliers has been assembled to deliver Phase 2. In-country capacity building remains a primary focus in building a team to help prevent cost overruns and delays during construction, and to limit costs during maintenance, but especially to provide Zambia with in- country knowledge for such services during and beyond the 2-year campaign. The following depicts the Phase 2 team: DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 21 www.dnvgl.com Figure 5-1 Phase 2 organizational structure Rankin Engineering was established in Lusaka in 1989 as an independently owned consulting firm and was built around a core of internationally qualified engineers with wide ranging experience. These skills have been coupled with locally trained engineers to provide a diverse staff base. Rankin strives for excellence and has established a reputation as one of the leading consulting firms in the region. At present, Rankin staff includes more than fifteen registered engineers, with a total staff in excess of forty. Rankin has and will be providing engineering, environmental and supervision services throughout the measurement campaign. Rankin is also instrumental in providing logistics support and will be trained to offer instrumentation related work on the towers. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 22 www.dnvgl.com CC Systems was founded in 1997 in Lusaka, Zambia. The company employs more than 25 people, including qualified and trained technicians. In addition to providing services in the telecommunication industry, they provide tower design, production and installation services. CC Systems is an accredited installer of guyed towers in the mining industry. CC Systems will be providing the civil works and tower erection. Consertek LM group is a Canadian-based company composed of experienced professionals. The company has been involved in the field of telecommunications for over 20 years, with experience in all areas of the world. It specializes in the installation and construction of active voice and data transport networks as well as wind monitoring towers. Consertek sells and distributes Sabre towers, which are designed and manufactured in the USA. Sabre Towers and Poles, the tower division of Sabre Industries, Inc., is a leading manufacturer of guyed towers, self-supporting towers, monopoles, and concealment structures. Providing thousands of tower structures every year, it is one of the largest tower manufacturers in the world. Consertek will provide the towers and an experienced advisor for tall guyed tower erection. Various internationally recognized companies will provide the instrumentation, such as Thies, NRG, and Campbell Scientific. 5.2 Permitting and land control 5.2.1 Permitting Two types of permitting have been identified in conjunction with the DoE: Civil Aviation and ZEMA permitting. ZEMA As requested by ZEMA, and discussed under the report summarizing the land and environmental features of the proposed 12 candidate locations, as well as a general description of a wind monitoring station (Meteorological Tower Proposed Locations and General Description for ZEMA Review, 702833-USSD-T-02-A, dated 16 January 2015), environmental permitting is required, in the form of Environmental Project Briefs (“EPB”), with a review period of 40 working days. EPBs will also meet the Safeguard requirements established by the World Bank. In order to avoid any significant project delays, it has been agreed with the World Bank to proceed with the survey and preparation of the 12 reports, which were submitted to ZEMA in June and July, 2015. Although only 8 sites will be built, all 12 reports were submitted as this is a long lead item, and to allow for site changes, if required. In August 2015, the ZEMA scrutiny fee was paid. In late September/early October, DNV GL was advised that ZEMA would visit all twelve sites, accompanied by the DOE. As of January 2016 all 12 ZEMA clearances have been obtained and no further permitting in this regard is expected. As per information provided by the DoE, no compensation to local villagers or farmers will be required due to the governmental nature of the Project. The DoE has been coordinating and interfacing with ZEMA on behalf of the Project. Civil Aviation Civil Aviation permitting is required for all sites. As such, and in order to avoid any significant project delays, it has been agreed with the World Bank to proceed with Civil Aviation permitting on all 12 sites. In August DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 23 www.dnvgl.com 2015, a site visit fee was paid and Civil Aviation conducted site visits to every site to confirm acceptance of proposed tower locations. As of January 2016 all 12 Civil Aviation clearances have been obtained and no further permitting in this regard is expected. Towers will all be equipped with ICAO compliant lights and orange/white painting. The DoE has been coordinating and interfacing with Civil Aviation on behalf of the Project. 5.2.2 Land control The final 8 recommended sites are within State Land, and therefore not privately owned. Land Control will be obtained via a Land Title that will be delivered by the Town Chiefs. As per the DoE. there are no fees associated to be borne by the Project in receiving the Land Title. During the initial pre-visits and the subsequent multidisciplinary visits, various local Permanent Secretaries and District Commissioners were visited by the DoE, and on occasion by DNV GL, and were handed out a letter describing the project goals. Once the final 8 sites were agreed upon between stakeholders, and the ZEMA and Civil Aviation permitting completed, DoE has requested the Land Titles, by request to the local District Commissioners. In turn, the local District Commissioners will request the Land Titles from the local Town Chiefs. The local Town Chiefs may consult with their local Headmen, whom have been already consulted on-site by the multidisciplinary team. During the tower micro siting, which occurred during the site visits, any specific concerns from the local Headmen were accounted for. As of the date of this request, the Project has yet to receive the Land Titles, in order to commence construction. 5.3 Tower and instrumentation supply The following lists the different type of equipment that will be supplied and installed for the Project. It shall be noted that the warranty for the supplied equipment is limited to the warranty given by the manufacturer. 5.3.1 Tower Tower type A tower sourced in the USA and specifically designed for the purpose of wind measurement will be used. The tower will comply with relevant standards regarding expected meteorological conditions at the proposed site, and will have a life expectancy of at least 25 years. The tower will be designed per standard TIA-222-G. It shall be noted that all towers are structurally identical, with the exception of Lusaka I which requires additional reinforcements due to the complex terrain which was surveyed in detail. The tower type will be a guyed 77 m high galvanized steel lattice tower. The tower will be 3-sided, with a constant face width of 450 mm or 18 inches, and will include an integrated ladder within the structure diagonal bracing. The tower will also include a fall-arrest cable to provide additional security for personnel climbing the tower. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 24 www.dnvgl.com The bottom of the tower will be equipped with anti-climb panels. Basic fencing (approx. 3 mx3 mx1.8 m high, steel) with a gate will be installed around each tower center, and around each anchor point (gum pole and barbed wire to protect from animals). The tower will be painted orange and white, as per ICAO regulation, Annex 14, for day-marking purposes. Additional aviation warning lights will be installed, as detailed in Section 5.3.3. Base and guy wire anchors Towers will be secured to the ground onto buried steel structures, designed to withstand tower loads and per allowable soil permissible loading, with the exception of Lusaka I, which will be secured with concrete foundations. In the event soil is unsuitable for such anchors, such as shallow bedrock, very sandy soil or extreme condition for digging the foundation holes, alternate securing scenarios will need to be investigated and the scope of work modified as such. 5.3.2 Equipment Wind speed Thies First Class and NRG Class One cup anemometers will be used to measure horizontal wind speed. All anemometers will be individually calibrated by a MEASNET-approved institution. In reference to the TOR, it shall be noted that 1 Thies First Class will be replaced with 4 NRG Class One. Parallel anemometers will be used at the goal post level but also at each measurement height as indicated in Section 5.3.4. DNV GL believes strongly that the installation of a single sensor type on a given met tower introduces an additional level of risk, since sensor specific flaws or biases may manifest themselves during operation. An effective way to reduce this risk is to introduce multiple sensor brands on the same tower. This approach to sensor installation generally yields a more reliable measurement campaign, and also minimizes the costs associated with possible future maintenance operations. Furthermore, this practice provides greater clarity in identifying spurious measurements when recorded wind data from the multiple sensor types are cross checked. Implementing this recommendation will materially reduce sensor specific flaws and protect against measurement biases that can introduce unnecessary error. Mounting arrangements and installation heights are detailed in Section 5.3.4. The power supply for the anemometers is provided by the internal battery power supply within the data logger, detailed in Section 5.3.3. Wind direction Thies First Class wind vanes will be used to measure wind direction. To provide redundancy, two wind vanes will be installed on each meteorological tower. Installation heights are detailed in Section 5.3.4. Ambient weather sensors NRG #110S Calibrated temperature sensors with radiation shields, NRG BP20 Calibrated air pressure sensors and NRG RH5X humidity sensors will be deployed on each tower. The air pressure sensor will be mounted in a weatherproof box which will be adequately ventilated; this ensures that pressure readings are not influenced by air pressure distribution around the box. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 25 www.dnvgl.com Data logger and communications Campbell Scientific CR1000 data loggers will be installed on every tower. These loggers record and store data with a continuous sample rate of 1 Hz, and an averaging interval of 10 minutes will be used. As a minimum, the following statistics will be recorded: • Time stamp; • Mean, standard deviation and maximum wind speed; • Mean and standard deviation wind direction; • Mean and standard deviation temperature, air pressure and relative humidity; and • Power supply voltage. The data logger will be located in a lockable weather-proof housing. Precautions will be taken to ensure moisture cannot enter instruments, cabling, or the logger housing. Data loggers will be installed at a height of 3 m, so that access can be gained with a tall ladder. The data logger will have storage capability for at least 6 months of recorded data, from the addition of Campbell Scientific NL115 external compact flash data storage. Flash memory cards are used to store data and these should be easy for local staff to retrieve and replace, if necessary. Sierra Wireless Fastrack FXT009 land-based GSM/GPRS modems and antennas are planned for data transmission on MTN, Airtel or Zamtel networks. The Mpika location may require satellite communication, and would be provided with the Hughes BGAN technology. This will be confirmed after further testing on site with a GSM modem and high gain antenna. The data logger clock will be set to local standard time in Zambia. The data logger clock will not be changed to reflect local daylight saving (summer) time. The data loggers will allow internet time servers for automatic real-time clock updates. 5.3.3 Other equipment 5.3.3.1 Power supply The wind measurement towers will be autonomous. Power for the logger, communications, and sensors will be supplied by battery power supply within the data logger and from an external Campbell Scientific 12Ah sealed battery, housed in the weatherproof enclosure. The batteries will be charged by an externally- mounted Campbell Scientific 20 W regulated solar panel, installed on the tower. The system will be configured so that batteries will remain suitably charged, even during winter months, with realistic periods of low light levels. The solar panel will be installed to maximize exposure to the sun. A separate power supply will be installed for the aviation warning lights, as discussed below. 5.3.3.2 Aviation warning lights ICAO Annex 14 compliant aviation warning lights will be installed at the top and mid-point of every tower. Care will be taken to ensure that flow distortion on the wind speed measurements, caused by the aviation warning lights, is minimized. Top aviation warning lights will be of 2000 (±500) candelas, installed 1.5 m DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 26 www.dnvgl.com below the anemometers at the top of the tower, which are installed on the goal post arrangement. Mid-point lights will be mounted further down the tower and at least 1.5 m vertically from the closest anemometer. The aviation warning lights will be supplied with integrated solar panels and batteries, suitable to provide adequate lighting intensity during low light periods. The solar panel for the top light will be installed at the height of 75 m to avoid any flow distortion on upper instruments. 5.3.3.3 Lightning protection Although it is not possible to provide absolute protection from a direct strike, precautions will be taken to protect against lightning damage to the tower and equipment. The sensors will be connected with screened cables that, together with the data logger and tower, will be connected to a local earth. A lightning rod will be installed at the top of the tower and a protection umbrella of 60° to sensors mounted at the top of the tower will be provided. The lightning rod will be a copper rod. The rod will be fastened to a tower leg at the top, and with a copper wire mechanically attached to the tower. Another copper rod will be driven into the ground near the tower base, and the tower will be clamped to this rod via a copper tail. Due to the attractiveness of exposed bare copper cable to vandalism, DNV GL will not install a bare copper cable downrun on the tower. 5.3.4 Measurement configuration Measurement configuration will broadly respect IEC 61400-12. Anemometers at the top of the tower will be installed on a goal post arrangement. The horizontal separation will be 2.5 m, and the height above the top of the tower will be a minimum of 2.5 m, for a total measurement height of 80 m. All anemometers below the goal post will be mounted on slender horizontal booms and vertical arms of circular section. The horizontal booms will be securely attached to the tower and will not flex in the wind. The angle deviation of the anemometer will be less than 2° from vertical. The maximum center-line flow distortion due to the tower will be kept below 0.5%, as per IEC 61400-12. In order to achieve this, the horizontal length of the booms will be 2.5 m. In order to avoid significant flow disturbance at an anemometer due to its own horizontal boom, the vertical arm will ensure that that cups of the anemometer are 1 m above the horizontal boom. In order to further minimize flow disturbance at the anemometers due to the tower, the horizontal booms will be oriented, as much as possible, 90° to the prevailing wind direction. Due to the topography and anchoring challenges, there may some deviations with this best practice. All anemometers installed in parallel will be installed on horizontal booms orientated at 180° to one another. Where possible, the towers will be installed so that the vertical planes of the guy wires are not oriented in the same directions as the horizontal booms on which the anemometers are installed. An absolute separation distance of 1.5 m between the anemometers and the guy wires will be maintained on all towers. The wind vanes will be installed on horizontal booms, with the north of the wind vane (i.e., dead band) aligned along the boom axis, pointing toward (preferably) or away from the tower. This will enable the wind direction offset to be assessed easily from the ground with the aid of a compass once the tower has been DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 27 www.dnvgl.com installed. The wind direction offset will either be programmed into the data logger or applied during analysis of the data. The alignment of the north of the wind vane shall be documented in the tower installation report, described in Section 5.6. All booms and instruments will be oriented with respect to True North. This will be accomplished by considering the magnetic declination at each location. Recommended installation heights and mounting arrangements for instrumentation on the towers are shown in Table 5-1. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 28 www.dnvgl.com Table 5-1 Instrumentation summary Height Mounting [m] Instrument type Manufacturer/model arrangement 80 MEASNET Calibrated Thies First Class Goal post Anemometer 80 MEASNET Calibrated NRG Class One Goal post Anemometer 77 Wind vane Thies First Class Horizontal boom 77 Calibrated temperature sensor NRG #110S On tower leg 60 MEASNET Calibrated Thies First Class Horizontal boom Anemometer 60 MEASNET Calibrated NRG Class One Horizontal boom Anemometer 58 Wind vane Thies First Class Horizontal boom 40 MEASNET Calibrated Thies First Class Horizontal boom Anemometer 40 MEASNET Calibrated NRG Class One Horizontal boom Anemometer 20 MEASNET Calibrated Thies First Class Horizontal boom Anemometer 20 MEASNET Calibrated NRG Class One Horizontal boom Anemometer 3 Calibrated temperature sensor NRG #110S On tower leg 3 Relative Humidity sensor NRG RH5X On tower leg 3 Calibrated Barometer sensor NRG BP20 In Logger Enclosure, on tower leg 3 Logger and communications Campbell Scientific CR1000-XT In enclosure, on equipment (with communications equipment) tower leg For ease of access, pressure and relative humidity sensors will be installed at 3 m agl. Thermometers at the top and ground levels will be installed to allow a more refined analysis of variability in thermal effects. Refer to Figure 5-2 for recommended tower instrumentation schematic configuration. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 29 www.dnvgl.com Figure 5-2 Recommended tower instrumentation DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 30 www.dnvgl.com 5.4 Shipping and Construction Construction will begin when a site’s permitting and land control is complete and the site is accessible outside of the rainy season. All towers and equipment are currently in Lusaka, Zambia, and safely stored with CC Systems. Towers and instruments have been procured from international vendors. Proper export and import documentation accompanied the shipments. Shipping brokers in the countries of origin, and a shipping broker in Zambia, were utilized to help ensure a smooth transition of goods. With support from the World Bank, all goods were cleared free of VAT. The installation will hence consist of the following steps: 1. Store all towers and instruments in Lusaka, Zambia. The equipment is stored since October 2015, and it will be safely stored until expected commencement of installation activities around late May 2016. 2. Transport the tower and instruments to the tower location. 3. Clear unnecessary brush and trees for access and tower erection. 4. Dig pits and install below grade steel base and anchors, or concrete foundations, if required. Back-fill and compact pits. 5. Install tower base and guy wire connectors to below grade steel base and anchors. 6. Lay out steel sections and guy wires. 7. Erect tower using a vertical gin pole to lift tower segments. 8. Secure the guy wires as tower segments are added. 9. Final tensioning and plumbing. 10. Install instrument booms and instruments to the tower, after the tower is erected, and tie cables to tower legs. DNV GL will provide a field engineer to install instruments, logger and communications equipment. DNV GL will also train local technicians. 11. Install the equipment at the base of the tower, on the tower, by DNV GL. 12. Install tower lights. 13. Install basic fencing around the base of the tower and the guy wire anchors, and install anti-climbing panels at base. The fencing will consist of a 3X3m, by 1.8m high, steel fence with gate around the center of the tower, and a low gum pole and barbed wire fence around the anchors to protect from animals. 14. Install grounding. 15. Test and commission tower. 16. Conduct final inspection and issue commissioning report. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 31 www.dnvgl.com The installation of a tower, including the site preparation works, is planned to take a maximum of 12 working days per site, excluding travel time. DNV GL’s subcontractor planned a maximum of 12 days on each site, which is deemed a very reasonable time to complete a tower. If DNV GL’s subcontractor cannot work because of adverse weather conditions or other reasons outside their control, extra days in excess of 12 days mobilized on a given site, will be charged at $1,530 per weekday and $2,050 per weekend day. If DNV GL Field Engineer cannot complete a 4-hour work day on-site (including transportation to site) because of adverse climatic conditions or other reasons outside the control of DNV GL, the Client will be charged a down day, as per the IDA rates. It is assumed that the sites will be accessible in the same way they were accessed during the site visits, and that professional security for DNV GL and its subcontractors will not be required. Due to the inexperience of local subcontractors in installing the specialized and sensitive instrumentation, DNV GL will provide a field engineer to install instruments, logger and communications equipment. DNV GL has included three (3) in- country trips, instead of one (1) final inspection. In order to minimize any risk during this critical part of the program, DNV GL will apply its DMSG-13-1 Health, Safety and Environment management system. Proper risk assessments will be undertaken for each tower site, and risk mitigations will be implemented. Tailgate meetings will be performed each morning before commencement of work. All staff on site will be properly equipped with personal protective equipment (PPE), and tower riggers will have safety harnesses. Work will only be undertaken under safe weather conditions. A copy of DMSG-13-1 can be provided on request. DNV GL will supply an experienced tall-guyed tower installation supervisor, i.e. an external advisor, from Consertek, in Canada, for a period of 3-4 weeks. The addition of an experienced expat tower erection advisor will provide the capacity building and additional supervision necessary to successfully execute the complex tower installations and train local crews to be prepared for a growing wind industry. Well- constructed, high quality towers, designed per recognized standards provide added safety assurance as well. 5.5 Schedule A complete Microsoft Project schedule will be presented upon issuance of the Purchase Order modification by the WB. The anticipated schedule includes the following major milestones (not all milestones reproduced here): • Permitting and land control completed for 12 sites: up to 1 May 2016; • End of rainy season: 15 April 2016; • Construction start: 20 May 2016 (weather permitting); • Construction end, all towers commissioned: 30 August 2016; • End of 2-year operations period: 30 August 2018. The following sequence is planned for the installation of the towers: • Construct Choma (with external tower advisor) • Construct Mansa (external tower advisor optional); • Complete instrumentation with DNV GL on both sites; • Construct Mpika, Chanka and Mwinilunga; DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 32 www.dnvgl.com • Complete instrumentation with DNV GL on above 3 sites; • Construct Lusaka I, Old Petauke and Malawi Border; • Complete instrumentation with DNV GL on above 3 sites. Sites are planned to be done consecutively, with no down time between sites. 5.6 Commissioning report For quality and traceability purposes, a detailed tower commissioning report will be prepared for each individual wind measurement tower after sites are constructed and accepted by the Client. The report will contain, at a minimum, the following: General information: • Site and tower name; • Tower installation company; • Installation date; • Grid coordinates of tower (including details of coordinate system and datum); • Elevation of tower above sea level; and • Description of surroundings, including distance from tower and height of any significant obstacles or terrain features. Tower and equipment: • Tower type and height; • Lattice tower dimensions; • Exact installation heights above ground level for all sensors; • Dimensions of all horizontal booms and vertical arms installed on the tower, including boom diameters and lengths for all horizontal and vertical members; • Orientations of all horizontal booms, with reference to geographic north; • Orientation of wind vane north for all wind vanes; • Sensor types, serial numbers and corresponding installation heights; • Calibration certificates for all anemometers; and • Data logger type and serial numbers. Data logger configuration: • Data logger program; • Wind vane offsets to geographic north and whether these have been programmed into the data logger; • Details of power supply; • Details of data retrieval; and • Details of data logger clock setting. Commissioning: DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 33 www.dnvgl.com • Data showing first hour of operation after installation and confirmation that it complies with general site observations at the time. Photographs: • Photographs of tower, all booms and all sensors as mounted on the tower, with directional labels; • Panoramic photograph from tower location; and • Photographs of any significant obstacles in the vicinity of the tower. 5.7 Operations 5.7.1 Operations and maintenance The meteorological towers will operate for a period of 2 years. During this period, data will be wirelessly transmitted via GSM, or possibly via satellite communication for Mpika. There will be no electrical service to the towers; all of the equipment and tower lights are solar-powered. In order to save on battery life, the modems will be powered for a discrete portion of the day, every day. During that period, DNV GL will call-in each tower, twice weekly, and retrieve the latest data. Data will be stored on DNV GL’s secure servers. Data will be quality controlled via automated algorithms, and by a Data Analyst. Any issues will be flagged and reported to the Client. Two preventive maintenances will be performed at each tower; the first after 6-months of operation and the second after 1 ½ years of operation. The preventive maintenance will consists of: • Visual inspection of mast and anchor points; • All guy wires checked and tensioned (tower alignment), as necessary; • All flange bolts checked; • All bracing bolts checked; • Tower lights checked, and solar panel cleaned; • Fall-arrest system checked; • Visual inspection of logger, modem and all instruments (no removal of instruments or booms –a visual check from the tower center at instrument level); • Visual inspections of cables at base of tower and cleaning of solar panels; • Provide a signed inspection checklist; • And any non-critical instrument failure may be remedied during this maintenance. In the event a critical instrument shows sign of deterioration or failure, or if any issues with the logger or communication, as flagged through remote analysis of data, a corrective maintenance team can be dispatched. DNV GL suggests discussing the necessity of performing corrective maintenance with the World Bank on a case by case basis. For urgent matters, such as failures on top anemometers, the logger or communications, corrective maintenance will be dispatched. For non-urgent matters, such as a failed instrument at lower levels, corrective maintenance will typically not be dispatched in order to save on costs and hence lower recovery rates may be acceptable. Non-urgent corrective maintenance will however be planned during routine maintenance or other nearby corrective maintenance, when it is deemed of importance to the World Bank and DNV GL. A reasonable level of data synthesis, to the satisfaction of the World Bank, will be used optionally as well to reach desired data coverage levels. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 34 www.dnvgl.com The team will consist of in-country trained personnel from Rankin Engineering and/or CC Systems. DNV GL will remotely assist with the intervention. DNV GL will propose a budget for 12 average–type corrective maintenances throughout the campaign. If an instrument or piece of equipment needs to be changed-out, DNV GL will use the spare parts pool. If the spare parts pool is depleted, purchase of additional spare parts will be discussed with the Client. DNV GL recommended and purchased, on behalf of the project, the following spare parts, under Table 5-2. Table 5-2 Spare parts No. Instrument Type Manufacturer/Model 6 MEASNET calibrated anemometer Thies First Class 6 MEASNET calibrated anemometer NRG Class One 2 Wind vane Thies First Class 2 Calibrated temperature sensor NRG #110S 1 Relative humidity sensor NRG RH5X 1 Calibrated barometer sensor NRG BP 20 1 Logger and communications equipment Campbell Scientific CR1000-XT (with communications equipment and accessories, including 2 extra solar panels) Security of the sites is firstly provided by fencing and anti-climb panels at the base of towers. As all towers fall within areas of Headman control, additional security can be planned at some of the sites, which would consist of asking and potentially paying an amount to the Headman to watch over the sites and inform the local villagers and farmers to stay clear of the installation. No added security is deemed necessary at this stage, and the necessity of security will be decided on a case by case basis during the mast installations. At the end of the 2-year monitoring period, the intention is for ownership of the towers, and all associated responsibility, will be passed on to the Zambia Department of Energy (DoE), or an entity elected by the DoE. The details of the agreement will be finalized under a Memorandum of Understanding, to be signed by all parties prior to the end of Construction. No decommissioning is assumed necessary as specified in the TOR for the project, and if decommissioning is required then it shall be discussed with the Client according to the provisions in the TOR. 5.7.2 Insurance DNV GL has arranged for insurance coverage as required in the TOR, to cover the eventually of a significant failure due to vandalism or weather events during the 2-year monitoring period.The following coverage has been arranged: • Additional insurance for its subcontractor Rankin Engineering, and its subcontractor CC Systems (tower installation) to comply with the World Bank minimum requirements: o 250K USD General Third Party Liability (excess 10% min 500 USD for property damage); o 50K USD Employer’s Liability; DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 35 www.dnvgl.com o 100K USD Professional Indemnity; o 50K USD Auto Liability. • Additional insurance for CC Systems related to construction: o 480K USD Goods in Transit, with any one transit at 60K USD (excess 10% min 340 USD, theft min 1,400 USD); o 480K USD Contractor’s All Risk (excess 10% min 1,000 USD on Contract, 10% min 2,500 USD on Equipment and 10% min or 50 USD on Property). • Insurance for tower shipments via Sea transport; • DNV GL additional insurance to account for ownership of masts during the maintenance campaign: o 1 million USD third-party liability (for third party property damage or injury/accidental death to members of the public ) with an excess of 10% min 500 USD; o Replacement of mast equipment due to instrument and/or tower failure, from extreme weather events, vandalism, etc.; o Sum insured is 1,040,000 USD, and covers the replacement (parts and labor); o Excess is 10% minimum 2,500 USD for all perils; o Excess is 10% minimum 7,500 USD for theft or vandalism. o Political risks and terrorism are excluded; o Final policy and terms to be submitted when insurance is purchased. If a claim is required, any excess (i.e. deductible) payments, or amounts exceeding the insured amounts, shall be covered by the contingency budget in the first instance. Cost overruns that cause the contingency budget to be breached shall be handled as outlined in the TOR. To account for the insurance excesses, any damage/failure on a tower and equipment during the 2-years operations would be dealt with as follows: • Minor damage or vandalism (e.g. damage of low value), such as on an instrument or ancillary equipment (ex.: a solar panel), will be likely replaced under the corrective maintenance provisions. The reason being that the insurance excess payment (i.e. 7,500 USD for theft/vandalism, and 2,500 USD for other perils) would be higher than the cost under the Project maintenance provision; • If there is extensive damage due to adverse weather conditions or vandalism, such as a tower failure, the tower and/or instruments will be replaced by DNV GL on the basis of the Project’s insurance coverage; • If there is material or physical damage to a third party, from a tower failure for example, costs resulting from claims will be covered with the Project’s insurance. 5.8 In-country capacity building In-country capacity building will occur throughout the implementation of Phase 2. During the site visits, all stakeholders, including the DoE, were trained to use site survey equipment, to analyze representativeness of an area for wind measurements, to understand general meteorological concepts, tower construction and siting. In fact, the team successfully completed the last four surveys without DNV GL. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 36 www.dnvgl.com DNV GL helped form a local team for the tower anchoring engineering and fabrication, installation of the towers and supervision. The international tower erection advisor has been training Rankin Engineering in properly designing tower anchors. During the installation, further on-site training will occur for 1-2 months (depending on necessity), where local personnel from Rankin Engineering and CC Systems will learn the highest standards in safely erecting 80 m tall guyed towers. Furthermore, DNV GL will train Rankin Engineering in instrument and peripheral equipment installation. This will also allow in-country personnel to provide the required maintenance during the operations, and beyond the 2-year period if required. During construction, DoE personnel will also be invited to assist in viewing tower erection, from a safe distance. Once a close-by tower site is complete, a 1-day seminar will be held at a tower site, explaining how to build the tower site, install the instruments, program the logger and properly do a final commissioning report. An additional training of up to 3 days, for a total of 4 days with the on-site training, such as performing analysis of data and wind mapping, will be delivered and coordinated with the World Bank. The above capacity building should enable local stakeholders to take over ownership and responsibility of the towers after the 2-year operations period. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 37 www.dnvgl.com APPENDIX A – DOE PRE-VISIT SITE IDENTIFICATION OF WIND TOWER INSTALLATION DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 38 www.dnvgl.com Site name Coordinates1 District Land tenure Contact Land usage1 Other issues1 Lusaka II -14° 48' 31.5" Chibombo Private Nkeyema District Commercial Land located under S, Ownership Commissioner Farming private property. The 28° 2' 12.7"E Mr Kashondola portion of the land Yuvwenu where the site is Phone Number: located has remained +260 979 427 034 undeveloped. It has +260 966 444 967 natural vegetation. The land adjacent is used for commercial farming. Lusaka I -15° 20' 49.5"S Chongwe Customary Headman Katyantya Inhabited Located about 100 km 29° 5' 3.2"E Tenure mountain from Lusaka. The site Kanyanta Village Chongwe District is located on a small Commissioner mountain/ elevated land which is about 11 km from the Great East Road. Old Petauke -14° 11' 49.5"S Petauke Customary Petauke District Subsistence The site is located 31° 12' 33.7"E Tenure Commissioner Farming about 20 km from Ms. Velenasi Banda Petauke CBD. The site Moyo is located near an old Phone Number: cemetery. +260973281190 +260962286317 1 Information was gathered prior to site visits, and is not up-to-date. Refer to other report Sections for up-to-date coordinates and site descriptions. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 39 www.dnvgl.com Site name Coordinates1 District Land tenure Contact Land usage1 Other issues1 Choma -16° 49' 37.8"S Choma Customary Choma District Subsistence The site is located on 26° 46' 52.0"E Tenure Commissioner Farming and the land which is Chief Singami Ms. Bernadette Cattle Grazing currently not used for Kamwemba farming. The land is Phone Number: under customary +260976042821 tenure but under the custody of a family. Provincial Deputy The site is located Permanent Secretary about 10km from Mr Douglas Ngimbu Choma CBD. +260979928931 Malawi Border -13° 8' 53.8"S Lundazi Customary Lundazi District Subsistence The site is located 32° 57' 9.1"E Tenure Commissioner Farming about 1.5 km from the Ms. Janet Palukati main road leading to +260978260807 Lundazi. The land is primarily used for subsistence farming. Chingola -12° 38' 2.9"S Chingola Private Mr Rob Shiel (Farm Commercial Land owner offered no 27° 45' 2.8"E Ownership owner) 0966993210 Farming objections to the District Commissioner erecting of the wind - Chingola Tower in his farm provided it is all done according to proper government procedure. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 40 www.dnvgl.com Site name Coordinates1 District Land tenure Contact Land usage1 Other issues1 Mpika I -11° 38' 35.5"S Mpika Customary Mpika District Subsistence The land is used for 31° 20' 27.4"E Tenure Commissioner Farming and isolated subsistence Ms. Catherine Chileshe Firewood farming and cutting of Phone Number Collection trees for charcoal +260978316766 production. +260966545852 +260950475252 Headman Milunga Amidels Kangwa Milunga Phone Number: +260976904471 Chanka -9° 43' 14.9"S Nakonde Customary Nakonde District Subsistence The site is located in 32° 58' 27.7"E Tenure Commissioner Farming elevated land (small Mr James Singoyi mountain). DC offered Phone Number to provide necessary +260976865415 support in land +260979063560 acquisition. Kasama -10° 18' 37.0"S Kasama Customary Permanent Secretary Subsistence Approximately 1 km 30° 45' 28.8"E Tenure under and Farming from the main road. chief Munkonge District Commissioners Need to acquire the Mr. Kalanga Bwalya land. 0977615286 Muketa -14° 52' 26.0"S Nkeyema Customary Nkeyema District Inhabited land The land has remained 25° 15' 10.5"E Tenure Commissioner fairly undeveloped and Kahale Mr Kashondola inhabited. It is under Yuvwenu the custody of a family Phone Number: located in Lusaka. +260 979 427 034 +260 966 444 967 DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 41 www.dnvgl.com Site name Coordinates1 District Land tenure Contact Land usage1 Other issues1 Mansa -10° 53' 13.2"S Mansa Customary Patson Kabaso – Subsistence Approximately 39 km 28° 59' 48.8"E Tenure and Chief Village headman Farming from Mansa town and Chisunka 0971179069, 200 m from the main District Commission - road. Need to acquire Mansa the land and put it on title to avoid any future encroachments Mwinilunga -11° 44' 33.9"S Mwinilunga Customary Council Secretary, Mr Subsistence It is approximately 60- 24° 55' 34.0"E Tenure Mfula Mwansa (0977 Farming 70 m from the road in Chief Sailunga 977964, 0955 Chief Sylunga’s area. 977964), Need to acquire the land and put it on title to avoid any future encroachments. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 42 www.dnvgl.com APPENDIX B – SITE VISIT ATTENDEES Name Institution Team Mr. Ngosa Mbolela Zambia DoE DoE Ms. Anna Banda Chadipo1 Zambia DoE DoE Mr. Biness Lukwesa Zambia DoE DoE Ms. Tiza Mwamba Zambia DoE - Intern DoE 2 Mr. Dave Renné World Bank Technical Team Mr. Innocent Mileji Rankin Engineering Technical Team Mr. Andrew Tembo Steel fabricators Technical Team Mr. Shant Dokouzian 3 DNV GL Technical Team Mr. Moses Chamfya Rankin Engineering Environmental Team 2 Ms. Chibale Zimba Rankin Engineering Environmental Team 1. Present for Lusaka I and II, Petauke and Malawi Border 2. Present for Lusaka I and II 3. Present for Lusaka I and II, Petauke, Malawi Border, Mpika, Chanka, Kasama and Mansa DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 43 www.dnvgl.com APPENDIX C – TABULAR COMPARISON OF VISITED SITES DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 44 www.dnvgl.com Wind Speed Rough- at 100m 3 Tower Latitude Longitude Elevation Access and ID Province ness (m/s ) / Typical Site Picture Name (WGS84) (WGS84) (agl – m) construction Length 2 Uncertainty (m/s) Challenging access and 1 Lusaka I 15°20"47.6' 29°4"59.5' 1209 Lusaka 0.2-0.3 7.7 / 1.3 construction, but feasible 2 Lusaka II 14°48"16.9' 28°2"1.2' 1188 Central 0.2-0.3 Excellent 7.3 / 1.1 2 As observed during site visit, which occurred during tail end of rainy season 3 Average wind speed within a 2.5km radius area centered on the tower location DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 45 www.dnvgl.com Wind Speed Rough- at 100m 3 Tower Latitude Longitude Elevation Access and ID Province ness (m/s ) / Typical Site Picture Name (WGS84) (WGS84) (agl – m) construction Length 2 Uncertainty (m/s) Some foot access en 0.1 - 0.2 Old gentle uphill 3 14°11"45.8' 31°12"35.8' 1008 Eastern (immedia 6.3 / 1.2 Petauke terrain, but te) -0.3 easy construction Excellent, but need to walk Malawi 4 13°8"54.4' 32°57"16.8' 1064 Eastern 0.1 – 0.2 a few 7.3 / 1.1 Border hundred meters to site Excellent, but need to walk 5 Mpika I 11°38"35.4' 31°20"26.4' 1418 Northern 0.2 – 0.3 a few 7.7 / 0.8 hundred meters to site DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 46 www.dnvgl.com Wind Speed Rough- at 100m 3 Tower Latitude Longitude Elevation Access and ID Province ness (m/s ) / Typical Site Picture Name (WGS84) (WGS84) (agl – m) construction Length 2 Uncertainty (m/s) Easy access but a fair distance from Lusaka and 6 Chanka 9°41"59.7' 32°57"5.2' 1368 Northern 0.2 dirt road for 8.4 / 1.0 last hour of driving. Construction easy Access good but needs some bush cutting on abandoned 7 Kasama 10°19"21.5' 30°45"23.1' 1432 Northern 0.3 7.1 / 0.8 road over a few hundred meters and on-site. Easy construction. Excellent, but 0.2 (big need to walk termite a few 8 Mansa 10°53"17' 28°59"48.5' 1345 Luapula mounds 6.3 / 0.7 hundred (up to 3- meters to 5m) site. Flat. DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 47 www.dnvgl.com Wind Speed Rough- at 100m 3 Tower Latitude Longitude Elevation Access and ID Province ness (m/s ) / Typical Site Picture Name (WGS84) (WGS84) (agl – m) construction Length 2 Uncertainty (m/s) Good access Copperbel 9 Chingola 12°38"8' 27°45"6.7' 1318 0.2 – 0.3 and easy 6.8 / 1.0 t construction North 10 Mwinilunga 11°44"34.8' 24°55"32.4' 1521 0.4 Excellent 6.5 / 0.7 Western Access and construction good, but general 11 Muketa 14°52"26.3' 25°15"8.2' 1175 Western 0.2 – 0.3 wetland area 6.5 / 1.0 not ideal for future large scale development DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 48 www.dnvgl.com Wind Speed Rough- at 100m 3 Tower Latitude Longitude Elevation Access and ID Province ness (m/s ) / Typical Site Picture Name (WGS84) (WGS84) (agl – m) construction Length 2 Uncertainty (m/s) Good access 12 Choma 16°49"43.1' 26°46"52.8' 1363 Southern 0.2 – 0.3 and 7.1 / 1.0 construction DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 49 www.dnvgl.com APPENDIX D – SITE PLAN AND PICTURES (in order visited) DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 50 www.dnvgl.com Lusaka I DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 51 www.dnvgl.com Lusaka II DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 52 www.dnvgl.com Old Petauke DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 53 www.dnvgl.com Malawi Border DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 54 www.dnvgl.com Mpika DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 55 www.dnvgl.com Chanka DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 56 www.dnvgl.com Kasama DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 57 www.dnvgl.com Mansa DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 58 www.dnvgl.com Chingola DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 59 www.dnvgl.com Mwinilunga DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 60 www.dnvgl.com Muketa DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 61 www.dnvgl.com Choma DNV GL – Document No.: 702833-USSD-R-03, Issue: E, Status: FINAL Page 62 www.dnvgl.com ABOUT DNV GL Driven by our purpose of safeguarding life, property and the environment, DNV GL enables organizations to advance the safety and sustainability of their business. We provide classification and technical assurance along with software and independent expert advisory services to the maritime, oil and gas, and energy industries. We also provide certification services to customers across a wide range of industries. Operating in more than 100 countries, our 16,000 professionals are dedicated to helping our customers make the world safer, smarter, and greener.