Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No: 43072-BF PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 3.1 MILLION (US$5 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO GOVERNMENT OF BURKINA FASO FOR A INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PROJECT May 7, 2008 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective {10/04/2007}) Currency Unit = FCFA FCFA 655.96 FCFA = Euro 1 Euro 1 = US$1.41 FISCAL YEAR January 1 ­ December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 2iE International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering AFD French Development Agency AfDB African Development Bank AIST African Institute of Science and Technology AUF Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICB International Competitive Bidding IDA International Development Association LMD Licence, Master, Doctorate MAE French Ministry of Foreign Affairs MDGs Millennium Development Goals MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGOs Non-governmental Organizations NMI Nelson Mandela Institute PAD Project Appraisal Document PCN Project Concept Note PDO Project Development Objective PPF Project Preparation Facility PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper SBD Standard Bidding Document SIL Specific Investment Loan SSA Sub-Saharan Africa Vice President: Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili Country Director: Ishac Diwan Country Manager Galina Y. Sotirova Sector Manager: Eva Jarawan Task Team Leader: William Experton FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY BURKINA FASO International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering CONTENTS Page I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND RATIONALE ....................................................................... 8 A. Country and sector issues...................................................................................................... 8 B. Higher level objectives to which the project contributes.................................................... 12 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................... 13 A. Lending instrument............................................................................................................. 13 B. Project development objective............................................................................................ 13 C. Project components............................................................................................................. 13 D. Lessons learned and reflected in the project design............................................................ 14 E. Alternatives considered and reasons for rejection .............................................................. 15 III. IMPLEMENTATION......................................................................................................... 15 A. Partnership arrangements.................................................................................................... 15 B. Institutional and implementation arrangements.................................................................. 16 C. Monitoring and evaluation of outcomes/results.................................................................. 18 D. Sustainability....................................................................................................................... 19 E. Critical risks and possible controversial aspects................................................................. 20 F. Credit conditions and covenants......................................................................................... 21 IV. APPRAISAL SUMMARY................................................................................................. 21 A. Economic and financial analysis......................................................................................... 21 B. Technical............................................................................................................................. 22 C. Fiduciary ............................................................................................................................. 23 D. Environment and Social...................................................................................................... 23 Annex 1: Country and Sector Background..................................................................................... 26 Annex 2: Major Related Projects Financed by the Bank and/or other Agencies............................ 33 Annex 3: Results Framework and Monitoring................................................................................ 34 Annex 4: Detailed Project Description ........................................................................................... 39 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not be otherwise disclosed without World Bank authorization. Annex 5: Project Costs.................................................................................................................... 46 Annex 6: Implementation Arrangements........................................................................................ 49 Annex 7: Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangements .............................................. 51 Annex 8: Procurement Arrangements............................................................................................. 62 Annex 9: Economic and Financial Analysis................................................................................... 68 Annex 10: Safeguard Policy Issues................................................................................................. 73 Annex 11: Project Preparation and Supervision............................................................................. 75 Annex 12: Documents in the Project File....................................................................................... 76 Annex 13: Statement of Loans and Credits .................................................................................... 77 Annex 14: Country at a Glance....................................................................................................... 79 Annex 15: Maps.............................................................................................................................. 81 BURKINA FASO INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT AFRICA AFTH2 Date: May 7, 2008 Team Leader: William Experton Country Director: Ishac Diwan Sectors: Tertiary education (70%); Vocational Sector Manager/Director: Eva Jarawan training (30%) Themes: Education for the knowledge economy (P) Project ID: P108791 Environmental screening category: Partial Assessment Lending Instrument: Specific Investment Loan Project Financing Data [ ] Loan [X] Credit [ ] Grant [ ] Guarantee [ ] Other: For Loans/Credits/Others: Total Bank financing (US$m.): 5.00 Proposed terms: Financing Plan (US$m) Source Local Foreign Total BORROWER/RECIPIENT 1.25 3.75 5.00 International Development Association (IDA) 1.00 4.00 5.00 Bilateral Agencies (unidentified) 8.00 25.00 33.00 Total: 10.25 32.75 43.00 Borrower: Ministry of Economy and Finances of Burkina Faso Responsible Agency: 2iE (Burkina Faso) Estimated disbursements (Bank FY/US$m) FY 9 10 11 12 Annual 1.50 2.00 1.00 0.50 Cumulative 1.50 3.50 4.50 5.00 Project implementation period: Start August 29, 2008 End: May 31, 2012 Expected effectiveness date: August 29, 2008 Expected closing date: May 31, 2012 Does the project depart from the CAS in content or other significant respects? [ ]Yes [X] No Ref. PAD I.B. Does the project require any exceptions from Bank policies? Ref. PAD IV.F. [ ]Yes [X] No Have these been approved by Bank management? [ ]Yes [X] No Is approval for any policy exception sought from the Board? [ ]Yes [X] No Does the project include any critical risks rated "substantial" or "high"? [X]Yes [ ] No Ref. PAD III.E. Does the project meet the Regional criteria for readiness for implementation? [X]Yes [ ] No Ref. PAD IV.F. Project development objective Ref. PAD II.B., Technical Annex 3 The objective of the 2iE project is to increase the number of highly skilled professionals in the areas of water, energy, environment and infrastructure engineering which are vital fields for Africa's development. It will do so by supporting the development of 2iE as a regional center of excellence, in particular by: (i) further increasing the capacity of the 2iE campuses in Kamboinsé and Ouagadougou to train and board students; (ii) improving the quality of training and research programs, particularly at master and doctorate levels; and (iii) improving the institute's management and communication capacity. Project description [one-sentence summary of each component] Ref. PAD II.C., Technical Annex 4 The project has three components: I. Increasing the capacity of the 2iE campuses from 520 students to 1000 students (IDA contribution of US$4.2 million) II. Improving the quality of training and research (IDA contribution of US$0.1 million) III. Improving the management and communication capacity of the institution (IDA contribution of US$0.4 million) Which safeguard policies are triggered, if any? Ref. PAD IV.E., Technical Annex 10 The Environmental category is B. The project has triggered OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment due to the potential negative environmental impacts related to the extension of the campus in Kamboinsé. The project has prepared an ESMP to address these potential negative impacts. This report has been reviewed and finalized by the Bank's safeguards team, has been disclosed at the Bank's InfoShop and will be disclosed in the country prior to appraisal. The ESMP includes the following measures, some of which have already been completed during the first phase of the 2iE expansion: (i) the conservation and utilization of rain water for irrigation; (ii) the optimization of water consumption based on simplified systems; (iii) the natural treatment of sewage; (iv) the construction of student boarding facilities in local materials; (v) the sustainable waste management and utilization for agriculture; and (vi) the development of an arboretum adapted to Sahelian climate. A social analysis has been carried out after the identification stage, during which the local community has been consulted. The social analysis has concluded that Policy 4.12 related to population resettlement is not triggered because the population is not negatively affected by the project. In particular, the conclusions of the social analysis are the following: (i) the new land given in March 2006 by Burkina Faso was administrative and not been used for agricultural purpose; (ii) only three persons were concerned during the first phase of the expansion of 2iE: the two teachers have been redeployed and given new accommodation by the Ministry of Agriculture and the guard is employed by 2iE at a higher salary than before and has found accommodation in the village of Kamboinsé; (iii) the track that is crossing the Kamboinsé Campus on a 200 yards land will be modified to run in parallel to the campus border; (iv) the community is benefiting from the expansion of the campus through new opportunities (small shops, food services for students, etc.); and (v) a permanent consultation group between 2iE, local administrative authorities, and village traditional authorities has been set up and will develop joint projects benefiting the local community. Significant, non-standard conditions, if any, for: Ref. PAD III.F. Board presentation: Decision by the Council of Minister to approve the signature of a headquarter agreement between Burkina Faso and the Foundation. Signature of the legal agreements: (i) Designation of the members of the Foundation 2iE's bodies in a manner satisfactory to IDA, and (ii) Completion of the process for the recognition by Burkina Faso of the public interest nature of the Foundation. Loan/credit effectiveness: (i) The subsidiary agreement has been signed by the Ministry of Finances of Burkina Faso and 2iE; (ii) an amendment to the actual commissaire aux comptes' contract or a new contract has been signed to distinguish between his mission as commissaire aux comptes of 2iE and his mission as independent auditor as requested by IDA; and (iii) if relevant, all needed formalities to ensure that Foundation 2iE' statutes are validly signed by Burkina Faso are fulfilled, as certified by the Conseil Constitutionnel of Burkina Faso. Covenants applicable to project implementation: All assets of the Group EIER-ETSHER, whether material (land, buildings) or immaterial (staff, students, contracts, etc.), and the land agreed to be donated by Burkina Faso, have been transferred to the Foundation. I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND RATIONALE A. Country and sector issues 1. Water, sanitation, and environment are key priorities for Africa's sustainable development. Today, over 322 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa are without access to improved sources of drinking water, and 463 million lack basic sanitation. The situation is particularly worrying given that the number of people without access to drinking water increased by 23% from 1990 to 2004, and the number of those without sanitation increased by over 30% during the same period. Faced with this challenge, the international community set the objective to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. The International Decade for Action, Water for Life (2005-2015), embodies this engagement. To achieve this Millennium Development Goal (MDG) drinking water and sanitation target, considerable efforts and intense mobilization of resources are required. 2. Training sufficient numbers of water and environment engineers and researchers is of paramount importance to achieve the MDG drinking water and sanitation target. Tertiary education plays a crucial role in any strategy's sustainability. By building skills and strengthening knowledge, tertiary institutions provide countries with the capacity to generate growth and accelerate economic development. Rapid urbanization and important coverage disparities between rural and urban areas demand innovative, sustainable and environment- friendly solutions. Only well trained professionals can design and manage appropriate infrastructure projects, which require not only technical and managerial skills, but also appropriate knowledge of water and sanitation issues. Research also plays a key role in the development of new technologies that will better correspond to the mechanisms by which African collective systems operate. In particular, innovative technologies for drinking water treatment and supply, collection and purification of sewage and waste, and new forms of energy (biomass, bio-fuel and innovative use of solar energy) are priority areas. Yet training capacities remain limited in Africa, and many engineers are still trained abroad. In 2004, for instance, 20% of the 193,900 African students studying abroad were in the area of science and technology1. Surveys indicate that less than 40% of African students abroad return to Africa. 3. 2iE is a successful sub-regional institution training engineers and technicians. Founded in 1969 by 14 African countries2, the International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering3 ("2iE"), located in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, has trained more than 800 engineers, 1100 technicians, and 780 post graduate specialists in the sectors of water, energy, environment, and infrastructure. A recent tracking survey shows that 100% of graduates find a job with a competitive salary within one year following graduation. In 2005, 2iE was acknowledged as a Center of Excellence by the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and is on the way to be recognized Center of Excellence by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). All 2iE diplomas are currently certified by the African Council for Higher Level of Education (Conseil Africain et Malgache de l'Enseignement Supérieur - CAMES). 1 Rapport d'information no 446 (2004-2005), Monique Cerisier-ben Guiga & Jacques Blanc. 2 Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, RCA, Senegal, Togo. 3 The name of this institution was previously EIER-ETSHER. We refer to the newly created foundation called 2iE to facilitate comprehension. 8 4. 2iE is supported by international and prestigious partner institutions. Since 1980, 2iE has collaborated with the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland) in two specializations - sanitation and environment and rural irrigation - through students and professor exchanges and common research programs. For more than ten years, 2iE has had a research program agreement with the following institutions: the hydrosciences laboratories IRD- University of Montpelier II; CYSIPHE laboratory of the University of Paris VI; CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le développement); and the ISMANS (Institut des Sciences des Matériaux et de Mécaniques Avancées du Mans). 2iE is also a member of the scientific committee of the Water African Association (Association Africaine de l'Eau - AAE) and participates in organizing the AAE's biannual conventions and thematic seminars. 2iE is currently developing new international partnerships with, among others, the University of Sciences and Technology of Kumasi in Ghana on water management, Princeton University in the USA on water treatment, Research Consortium OURANOS in Canada on climate change, and Ouagadougou University in Burkina Faso, Abomey Calavi University in Benin and Abobo-Adjamé University of Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire for the development of the doctoral school4. 5. 2iE is scaling up its activities and innovating to respond to a growing demand. Given the scope of water and sanitation related challenges, and considering the emphasis put on new infrastructure and access to energy in countries poverty reduction strategies, there is a growing demand for African professionals in these sectors. For instance, in 2006, there were three applicants for each seat available at 2iE. To respond to this trend, 2iE member states approved, in 2005, a set of reforms with the objective to transform this sub-regional institute into a world class center. The reforms involve major changes in terms of capacity, quality, and governance and are described in more details in the Annex 4.5 A first phase, which consisted of increasing the boarding and training capacity from 220 to 520 students, adopting the LMD curricula organization6, introducing students' fees, and merging two institutions offering undergraduate and graduate levels, was completed. Currently, female students account for 15% of the 2iE's enrollment, and the objective is to reach 25% in the intakes from 2011. This project will contribute to the implementation of the second phase that aims to further increase the capacity deepen the reforms already initiated in quality and governance, and attract more African talent from a greater number of countries. 6. 2iE is partner of the African Institute of Science and Technology (AIST), developed by the Nelson Mandela Institute (NMI), which aims to promote knowledge and advance science and technology in Sub-Saharan Africa. The NMI initiative was launched in 2004 with 4A complete list is provided at the end of Annex 1. 52iE will develop its courses in both French and English, expand its research activities, develop distance learning programs to reach out more young African talents, and build an international network with other world class institutes in similar sectors. It will expand the number of its students from 520 students in October 2007 to 1000 in 2011, welcome them in two new campuses (one to be extended in Kamboinsé and one to be restructured in Ouagadougou), become progressively self-financed through fees and contracted services (public untargeted subsidies will be phased out by 2011), its governance will be strengthened with four colleges representing 2iE major stakeholders (the academic and scientific community, state members, financial partners, and the business community). 6LMD stands for Licence (Bachelor), Master, Doctorate and represents new standards for curriculum organization adopted by the European Union in Bologna in 1999. 9 the objective to build a network of scientific institutes that would provide world class tertiary education throughout Africa, reducing the scientific and technological gap between Sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world. The AIST campus in Abuja is being developed and has already welcomed a first class of 50 graduate students in science and technology. Other campuses are envisioned in Nigeria (petroleum engineering) and in Tanzania (life sciences). In the AIST network, 2iE will take the lead in water engineering and environment training and research. 2iE and AIST will collaborate through student and professor exchanges, curricula consultation, e- learning programs, and mutual support to develop their respective activities as stated in the MOU signed on August 31, 2007. These common efforts will allow Africa to benefit from world class specialized training and research centers dedicated to the continent's development needs. 7. 2iE's 14 Member States have approved in February 2008 an ambitious strategic plan that raise economic, academic and institutional challenges: a) 2iE is changing its financing model, moving away from state subsidies towards fees and contracted services as means of support. This has a number of implications. First, to be sustainable, the institution needs to expand its student enrolment and consequently its boarding capacity. From 520 in 2007, 1,000 students will be accommodated in 2011, with overall capacity brought up to 2500. This expansion will require important infrastructure investments in boarding and class-room facilities and the rehabilitation of existing facilities in the two existing campuses of Ouagadougou and Kamboinsé. Second, because member states will only contribute to 2iE through scholarships provided to their students, and no longer through subsidies, 2iE needs to involve a larger number of African countries in order to diversify students' origin, and increase its revenues. And third, because 2iE will progressively phase out untargeted subsidies for its functioning budget, the institute needs to substantially increase research contracts, services and revenues from distance education. b) 2iE is scaling up its academic activities from the Bachelor degree level to the post-graduate level (Masters and PhDs), adopting European standards through the LMD reform. Three new Masters programs are being launched7 and, like the other 2iE diplomas, will be certified internationally through the Swiss certification system (SQS) and the French Commission des Titres d'Ingénieurs (CTI). As a result, all 2iE diplomas will be recognized in the European Union. A Doctoral school is also being developed in collaboration with the University of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), the Abomey Calavy University (Benin) and Abobo Adjamé University (Côte d'Ivoire), Anglophone universities such as the Kwame Nkrumah National University of Science and Technology (Ghana) and 2iE international partners. 2iE will develop its research activities in six main laboratories: Pollution control and water treatment in tropical environment, water and irrigation in Sub-Saharan environment, biomass energy and bio-fuel, interdisciplinary mathematics modeling, eco-health, and building environment-friendly- materials. This shift requires major investments in laboratory capacity, improving curriculum content, training professors, and adopting quality assurance mechanisms. 2iE is also scaling up its distance leaning activities, in place since 2004, to reach 450 e-students by 2011. Reaching this objective will require important technological and academic investment. 7Water and environment engineering, Water and infrastructure engineering, and energy and sustainable development engineering. 10 c) 2iE is strengthening its collaboration with the private sector through consultation to elaborate and regularly improve curricula, develop internship programs, invite professionals to give lectures, and organize an annual job fair. Business and management training is fully integrated in the curriculum. 2iE will raise the number of hours in business and management in the Masters program from 6% of total yearly hours to 15%. Students' business initiatives are stimulated via junior entrepreneurs associations and a competition which is organized every year to award the best business plan. The institute also works with firms on applied research programs. Finally, 2iE provides specific and tailored training for students who are directly financed by enterprises such as Sogea-Satom, Delmas, Onea, and Areva, and continuing education training for the Togolaise des Eaux, Onea, and Electrogaz in Rwanda. All continuing education programs are certified ISO 2001. d) 2iE is expanding the enrollment of students from English-speaking countries, which should represent 10% of total enrolment by 2011. Therefore, the institute needs to hire bilingual professors, organize language laboratories, and progressively develop multilingual activities. Francophone students already receive an increased number of English lessons each year ­ 150 hours in 2007, up from 30 in 2005 - and will receive 210 hours in 2008. A similar language program will be set up for Anglophone students in French. The objective is to develop the Masters programs in both French and English. To graduate, students will need to score 750 in the TOEFL exam. e) Member states support the transformation of 2iE from two public (merged) institutions (EIER- ETSHER) to one formally established legal entity to which all assets of EIER-ETSHER will be transferred (11.5 million Euros). The Government of Burkina Faso has also agreed to provide 90 Ha of land located in Kamboinsé and to give diplomatic status to the new legal entity. The new institutional framework allows for the participation of a larger number of African states. To ensure an effective representation of all the partners (states, private sector employers, the scientific community and financial partners), four colleges have been set up. Each of these four colleges has designated representatives in the general assembly and at the board of directors. The managerial structure and internal control have been strengthened, and 2iE will be run according to private standards. Rationale for Bank involvement 8. This project, as part of the Medium Term Program for Tertiary Education in Africa (MTPTEA), demonstrates a renewed engagement of IDA in tertiary education in Francophone African countries. The MTPTEA seeks to address the following challenges and issues: (i) access is very limited in tertiary education in Africa and public support to students is not distributed equitably; (ii) financing is not keeping pace with enrollment; as a result there are declining resources per student with adverse effects on quality of graduates; (iii) limited postgraduate output, brain drain, weak staff recruitment, and retention incentives have led to a serious crisis in academic staffing; (iv) the lack of a regulatory framework for investment, accreditation and quality assurance has hindered private institutions' ability to compete on a level playing field with public institutions; (v) there is a mismatch between demand and supply because the content, structure and pedagogy of programs do not provide the skills needed in the labor market; and finally (vi) public tertiary institutions are characterized by weak leadership and lack of regulatory and management flexibility, which inhibits reform and innovation 11 9. 2iE is well-aligned with the World Bank's recommended orientation for tertiary education in Africa. Specially, 2iE is (i) enhancing regional capacity through regional cooperation, including post-graduate program expansion and recognition of diploma and quality assurance standards, facilitating student and teacher mobility; (ii) increasing public-private partnerships by soliciting participation of firms in governing bodies and promoting funding of applied research; (iii) strengthening labor market linkages and employability of graduates; (iv) improving institutional performance by promoting opportunities for academic staff involvement in local research programs thereby improving their retention, by running a competitive Africa- wide admission process to ensure quality, and by ensuring the sustainability of institutions by diversifying sources of funding; and (v) working within the multiple partnerships developed with higher education institutions worldwide as well as with local stakeholders. 10. The World Bank is playing a catalytic role in coordinating efforts among the eight donors and integrating all contributions into a single project. This allows the different donors to adopt a common set of monitoring and performance indicators and to coordinate their supervision. Bank's rules will be used for procurement and the environmental and social safeguards. 11. The World Bank has developed a strong international experience and knowledge in higher education in developing countries which will contribute to exposing 2iE open to new perspectives in pedagogy and organization and will help it to move from a pure francophone model. In addition, the World Bank' support and network will help 2iE in attracting new member states. 12. The IDA contribution of US$5 million equivalent is a critical addition to the second phase of the 2iE's investment plan to reach 1000 students by 2011. Indeed, most of the possible donors have already been solicited, and 2iE's own contribution represents 12% of the total investment plan, which is already high for a training institution. The IDA contribution is also important to beef up the institutional strengthening component of 2iE, particularly in the aspects of communication policy and internal controls. 13. 2iE is a partner of the African Institute of Science and Technology (AIST), established to provide the leadership needed to address the growing knowledge gap between Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the rest of the world. As such, the 2iE project is well aligned with the World Bank Assistance Strategy in Support of Regional Cooperation and Integration in Africa, which aims to create regional centers of excellence as public goods based on improved regional knowledge and research sharing in key areas for Africa's development. B. Higher level objectives to which the project contributes 14. The 2iE project is in accordance with two of the African Action Plan objectives: building skills for competitiveness and development, and increasing access to safe water and sanitation. By training in Africa highly qualified young engineers and technicians coming from a large number of Francophone and Anglophone African countries, the 2iE will (i) contribute to developing African competitiveness and expertise in the growing sectors of water, environment, energy and infrastructure, and (ii) provide the indispensable human resources to carry out important water and sanitation related project investment. 12 15. In particular, the 2iE project is well aligned with the Burkina Faso Country Assistance Strategy, in particular in its pillars 2 and 3, as well as with the Burkina Faso PRSP, and the poverty reduction strategies of many African countries. This is clearly demonstrated in the project's objectives of (i) promoting more productive agriculture through a better management of water resources and research in key areas for Africa's development; (ii) improving access to safe drinking water through a better management of water and sanitation projects and research in innovation; (iii) improving the training of African human resources for Africa's competitiveness; and (iv) strengthening the competence of local authorities and all the stakeholders involved in water management. II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION A. Lending instrument 16. The lending instrument for the 2iE is a Specific Investment Loan (SIL). Given the nature of the project and of IDA support for construction, rehabilitation and equipment purchase, this choice has been considered the most appropriate to ensure the technical, financial, economic, environmental, and institutional viability of the investment. IDA follows many other donors already contributing to the development of the 2iE. However, unlike other donors, IDA would provide a credit to Burkina Faso, who would retrocede the proceeds of the credit to the 2iE in the form of a grant. B. Project development objective 17. The objective of the 2iE project is to increase the number of highly skilled professionals in the areas of water, energy, environment and infrastructure engineering which are vital fields for Africa's development. It will do so by supporting the development of 2iE as a regional center of excellence, in particular by: (i) further increasing the capacity of the 2iE campuses in Kamboinsé and Ouagadougou to train and board students; (ii) improving the quality of training and research programs, particularly at master and doctorate levels; and (iii) improving the institute's management and communication capacity. C. Project components 18. The 2iE project has two phases: (a) the first phase (2005-2007)8 was financed by the Government of Burkina Faso, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE), and funds from 2iE itself; (b) the second phase (2007-2011) will involve contributions from the European Union, the AfDB, France through the AFD and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland, Canada (through IDRC), the WAEMU and IDA. 19. During the first phase, the following investments have been completed for a total budget of US$8.1million : (i) boarding and training capacity in both campuses has increased from 320 to 520 students; (ii) the curriculum has been adapted to the LMD structure; (iii) new financing model based on students fees is being implemented; (iv) a restructuring plan has been implemented including a refocusing on education and research activities and a strengthening of internal control, procedures and accountancy; (iv) student nationalities has increased from 14 to 8The first phase ran from July 2005 to June 2007; the second phase runs from July 2007 to June 2011. 13 20; (v) business and management training is fully integrated in the curriculum; (vi) a legal restructuring has been prepared in order to establish a public-private innovative governance system; (vii) the Government of Burkina Faso has confirmed its intent to donate a 90Ha-land in Kamboinsé for future extension of the infrastructure. 20. The second phase (2007-2011) of the 2iE project represents a total budget of US$35 million. IDA contributes to 11.2% (the detailed IDA financing is in Annex 5) of the total financing of the second phase which consists in: a) Further increasing the capacity of 2iE from 520 students to 1000 students (IDA contribution of US$4.2 million) by: (i) expanding the overall infrastructure of the 2iE campuses, including boarding facilities and student life facilities; (ii) improving the pedagogic and research capacity with a main scientific building hosting research laboratories, researchers offices and experimentation facilities, two adjustable pedagogic halls (500 et 400 seats), a conference hall (250 seats) and classroom facilities; and (iii) rehabilitating existing infrastructure in the two campuses, in particular for electrical and fire safety. b) Improving the quality of training and research (IDA contribution of US$0.1 million) by: (i) Equipping world class scientific laboratories in key areas: pollution control and water treatment in tropical environment, water and irrigation in Sub-Saharan environment, biomass energy and bio-fuel, interdisciplinary mathematics modeling, environment and eco-health and building eco- materials, improving language learning and developing e-learning; (ii) Developing postgraduate diplomas and strengthening the capacity of teaching staff and developing international partnerships; increasing the dissemination of knowledge and technology in the areas of water and environment and strengthening the partnership with the private sector and employers. c) Improving the communication and management capacity of the institution (IDA contribution of US$0.4 million) by: (i) strengthening 2iE's outreach towards non-Francophone students and countries, Anglophone teachers (to implement bilingual programs) and African higher education institutions (to ensure greater cooperation); and (ii) strengthening 2iE's management capacity for project monitoring, including the technical supervision of construction, as well as improving 2iE's financial sustainability through a stronger internal control and auditing process. D. Lessons learned and reflected in the project design 21. The lessons learned from previous similar operations are the following: a) Previous experiences taught that coordination among financial partners in jointly financed projects needs to start from the very beginning of the project in order to be effective. This lesson is reflected in the project design through joint preparation, a common monitoring framework and joint supervision and reporting. These common indicators and tools directly result from an early consultation among 2iE's main financial partners (AFD, French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, AfDB and the World Bank) and from continuous dialogue through videoconferences, joint missions and regular written and oral communication. 14 b) Architectural studies should be prepared prior to project effectiveness. The Mauritania higher education project lost two years in preparing architectural studies. In the case of 2iE, the first architectural studies have already been completed, before appraisal. c) It is more efficient to develop existing institutions than to create new ones from scratch. The experience of the African Virtual University (AVU) shows that the institution failed because it was unable to attract the support and contributions of member countries. 2iE is an existing sub- regional institution with the support of 14 countries. Moreover, acknowledging the technical and academic difficulty of developing e-learning activities as the AVU experience demonstrated, 2iE has planned ahead and has been working since 2006 in close collaboration with the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) and its numerical campus in Ouagadougou as well as with the technological university of Compiègne to develop its distance education offer and be able to enroll 400 e-students by 2011. E. Alternatives considered and reasons for rejection 22. Two alternatives have been considered to finance the 2iE transformation: (a) the International Finance Corporation (IFC); and (b) the regional fund. The reasons for having rejected these two options are the following: a) Financing the 2iE project through the IFC was not pursued because the 2iE is not yet established as a legal entity operating on a commercial basis. At completion of the project, the 2iE should have become a formally established legal entity, operating on a commercial basis (i.e. not relying upon direct public subsidies). Within a three-year-span (project's time), the 2iE could then request IFC loans to finance further investment needs; and b) Financing the 2iE project as part of the regional AIST project was not selected because 2iE, as an existing institution, is far more advanced in its development than is the African University of Sciences and Technology (AUST) in Abuja, which is currently under construction. Common funding would have put great constraints on 2iE and would have slowed down its development plan. Such constraints and delays were not compatible with 2iE's objectives or its other financial partners' timeline requirements. III. IMPLEMENTATION A. Partnership arrangements 23. The total financing for the two phases of the 2iE project is US$42.8 million. 53.2% have been confirmed, and US$8.1 million have been disbursed to finance the first phase. 15 BURKINA FASO - International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (2IE) Overall Financing Plan (Base Cost) Component III - Strengthen Financing Component I - Component II - Management Donor as already Increase Capacity Improve Quality Capacity Total Financing % of total received*/ Donor - - - - - - - - - - Contribution in US$ equivalent - - - - - - - - - - - - - - International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (2IE) - own funds $1,238,940 $4,279,993 $282,000 $5,800,933 13.6% * IDA (base cost) $4,272,693 $114,555 $421,202 $4,808,450 11.2% France (Ministry of Foreign Affairs - MAE) $2,343,245 $6,647,779 $920,118 $9,911,141 23.2% * France (Agence Française de Développement - AFD) $5,538,498 $101,502 $421,204 $6,061,204 14.2% African Development Bank (AfDB) $5,501,920 $1,548,079 $0 $7,050,000 16.5% Switzerland (EPFL) $2,248,950 $2,248,950 5.3% * Government of Burkina Faso $4,299,062 $4,299,062 10.0% * Others (EU, WAEMU, AUF, CRDI, etc.) $2,601,313 $2,601,313 6.1% * TOTAL FINANCING $23,194,358 $17,542,171 $2,044,524 $42,781,053 100.0% (in Euros) 16,449,899 12,441,256 1,450,017 30,341,172 */ Financing already received. Source: 2IE Exchange rate: 1Euro = 1.41 US$ (ICS data of 10/4/07) 24. IDA intervention is coordinated with eight other donors. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs has supported the first development phase of 2iE and is now financing 23.2% of the total donors' contribution, mainly on the quality component. The French Development Agency (Agence Française de Développement) is directly lending to 2iE (prêt non souverain) for a total US$6 million that will be invested to increase the capacity of 2iE. The African Development Bank (AfDB) is supporting the expansion and transformation of 2iE as a regional center of excellence through the AIST network program for a total amount of US$17 million including US$7 million to 2iE through the ECOWAS. The Swiss Convention (EPFL) provides a grant of US$2.2 million to improve the quality of the institute. Other donors such as the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) and the European Union also support the 2iE project for a total of 6.1% of the donors' contribution. 25. Donors have agreed to (i) jointly prepare their respective project through documents sharing and regular consultation; (ii) adopt a common monitoring framework, and (iii) do joint supervision missions that should coincide with 2iE annual board meeting (Cf. Annex 3). Donors also agreed to use one single operation manual, and the Bank procurement guidelines and procedures for international competitive bidding. B. Institutional and implementation arrangements 26. The 2iE was originally established informally as a sui generis inter-state organization (Group EIER-ETSHER) owning, operating and managing two separate institutions (Ecole des Ingénieurs de l'Equipement Rural ­ Ecole des Techniciens Supérieurs de l'Hydraulique et de l'Equipement Rural). The merger of the two schools was decided in 1998 and was fully and successfully completed in 20049. Following an external audit and diagnostic in November 2004, the members agreed in 2005 on the need for a legal restructuring of the 2iE aiming to: (i) clarify the legal status of the 2iE; (ii) facilitate the 2iE's access to credit (including on a non-sovereign 9The name of the institution was changed from Group EIER-ETSHER to 2iE in June 2006 by decision of the Board of Ministers from the 14 member States. 16 basis and from the private sector); (iii) establish the basis for strengthening the 2iE's governance through an international public/private sector partnership; and (iv) facilitate its development into a world-class learning, teaching and research institutions with regional, continental and international recognition, in the water, energy, environment and infrastructure sectors. 27. After review and assessment of various options, the members of the 2iE have agreed on the transfer of the 2iE to a newly created association established in, and governed by the laws of, Burkina Faso, with international membership, called Fondation 2iE (the Foundation)10. The purpose of the Foundation is to manage the 2iE (pedagogic, administrative and patrimonial management). 2iE's objective is to provide high quality training at international standard, to train in priority African professionals (engineers, technicians and researchers) in the areas of water, energy, environment, and infrastructure. In particular, 2iE will: (i) contribute to a better response to a growing demand of professionals in these sectors in Africa, thus contributing to poverty reduction; and (ii) increase the regional and international influence of African science and technology training and research, and its role in Africa's economic, social and cultural development. 28. The membership of the Foundation is organized in four colleges: (i) member states; (ii) institutional and financial partners11; (iii) scientific and academic partners; and (iv) business partners (enterprises from the private sector). Each college selects representatives to participate in the Foundation's general meetings and to its board of directors. The Group EIER-ETSHER is maintained as the core of the member states' college to facilitate the organization and coordination of the member states. However, substantially all the assets of Group EIER- ETSHER, whether material (land, buildings) or immaterial (staff, students, contracts, goodwill, etc.) will be transferred to the Foundation. This new legal structure and the details of the Foundation's governing rules have been confirmed at the Board of Directors' meeting of the Foundation on February 26, 2008. A headquarters' agreement ("accord de siège") is about to be entered into between Burkina Faso and the Foundation, pursuant to which freedom of circulation of 2iE staff and students, substantial tax (including income tax and VAT) and custom tax exemptions, immunities of jurisdiction and execution, and various other benefits are being recognized. At the same time, appropriate steps with the Ministry of Territorial Administration have been launched for the Foundation to be recognized as an association of public interest (utilité publique) and property documents have been legalized to grant 2iE's rights on two pieces of land located in Ouagadougou and Kamboinsé respectively. 29. The overall project is directly implemented by the existing Financial, Budgeting and Resource Directorate of 2iE; thus the overall financial management arrangements will be handled within that unit. For disbursement 2iE will prepare the withdrawal applications which will be signed by the Ministry of Finance. Staffing in this unit is comprised of one Director, one chief accountant, and four accountants. This unit is currently supported by a three-year French- funded technical assistance program, including a technical assistant and the General Manager whose contract with the Foundation has been renewed to cover the 2008-2012 period. An Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual is already in place and updated to conform to Bank's requirements. In addition, the 2iE has maintained an internal audit unit to support and 10Even though the name of the new legal entity is "Fondation 2iE" it is not legally a foundation: it is a foreign association established and governed by Burkina Faso law of December 15, 1992 on the freedom of association. 11Note however that IDA will not be a member of the Foundation. 17 enhance the internal control system. The project's consolidated financial statements will be audited annually by the 2iE actual auditor "Commissaire aux Comptes", in accordance with auditing standards also acceptable to the Bank. Audit reports of reasonable scope and detail will be submitted to the Bank within six months of the end of the audited period. The Audit scope will be tailored to the project's specific risks in accordance with Bank's requirements and agreed with the Borrower. This will be a condition of effectiveness. 30. IDA's financing will be managed by the Foundation to ensure better project coordination and keep implementation smooth and harmonized. The IDA credit will be provided to Burkina Faso, which will in turn retrocede the proceeds of the IDA credit to the Foundation in the form of a grant. A grant agreement between the 2iE Foundation and the Government of Burkina Faso will be signed and will stipulate the responsibilities of 2iE toward the Government of Burkina Faso. The Foundation will manage the funds through a Designated Account in a commercial bank for the implementation of Bank-financed activities subject to the Ministry of Finances approval. A Project Agreement will be entered into between IDA and the Foundation. C. Monitoring and evaluation of outcomes/results 31. The indicators and arrangements for the monitoring and evaluation of outcomes have been established in common with other 2iE financial partners and are described in detailed in Annex 3. The key performance indicators for the project are listed in the table below. 2iE Results Indicators Baseline 2007 Target 2011 Number of students 520 1000 Percentage of graduates employed in the field in which they are qualified 90% 90% six months after graduation Number of doctoral 8 25 students Percentage of non- 0% 10% francophone students Percentage of non targeted subsidies in total 2iE 15% 0 % resources Fees as a percentage of 30% 42% 2iE resources Contracted services and distance education as a 10% 29% percentage of 2iE resources Activities' contracts financed by donors as 45% 29% percentage of 2iE resources 18 Internationally certified 0 9 diplomas outside of Africa Square meters built 12,000 22,000 Percentage of 2iE 30% 60% professors with PhDs Number of permanent 38 45 teaching staff Number of students in 40 450 distance education D. Sustainability 32. 2iE is changing its financing model. Since May 2007, 2iE has been working with Axelcium consulting firm on a financial simulation model in order to estimate 2iE's future income possibilities. During the life of the project, 2iE will progressively phase out untargeted public subsidies (accounting for 15 % in 2007). In 2011, student fees will represent 42% of 2iE income, public research and capacity building contracts 29%, and distance education, lifelong learning and private contracts 29%. These targets are realistic for the following reasons12: (i) Fees already represent 30% of 2iE income, and it is expected that, because of the high demand for 2iE training (3 candidates for each seat) and thanks to the expansion of 2iE boarding and schooling facilities, the number of students will reach 1000 in 2011; (ii) With the increase of the number of students, it is expected that the number of self- financed students will grow, whereas the number of students benefiting from a public scholarship should remain stable by country (yet with a greater number of nationalities: from 14 in 2005/06 to 20 in 2007/08); (iii) Currently, research and capacity building contracts account for about 2 million Euros per year. Those contracts are secured with donors such as the European Union (Facilité Eau and Facilité Energie), the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Agence Française de la Francophonie (AUF), and the Center for Research in International Development among others for the next three years. Thanks to its increasing resources mobilization capacity and overall notoriety among donors, 2iE could realistically win grants equivalent to a new contract of 1 million Euros per year; (iv) Distance education is already fully functional and should grow considerably, among others because of a strong demand from the private sector (200 applications for 50 e-seats for the new Master in 2007), affordable fees (2000 Euros for the Master), few e-learning opportunities from African training centers in engineering, and partnership with the AUF and the Technological University of Compiègne. 12More details are provided in the Economic Analysis in Annex 9. 19 E. Critical risks and possible controversial aspects 33. Overall, the potential risk of the operation is moderate. Risk Risk Mitigation Rating The "Ministère de l'Agriculture de Burkina Faso has a strong interest in supporting a N l'Hydraulique et des Ressources Halieutiques" Center of Excellence part of AIST. The President is the main support of 2iE. The project needs of Burkina Faso was himself leading 2iE's laying the full support of the entire Government. the foundation ceremony Burkina Faso has a permanent seat at the Board of 2iE. By decision of the Council of Ministers on March 1st, 2006, the Government of Burkina Faso has officially confirmed: - Its agreement for the creation of 2iE in the framework of AIST; - The important positive impacts that such a project will have for Burkina Faso; - The donation of 50ha lands in Kamboinsé for the extension of existing campuses; - Its authorization given to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to concede a new headquarters' agreement to 2iE; - Its decision to authorize the revision of the headquarter agreement between Burkina Faso and the EIER-ETSHER group to take into account its evolution and its new needs; - The mandate given to the Minister of Agriculture to mobilize necessary funds and finalized support of other member to the institute. The process for recognition of the public interest nature of the Foundation has been launched with the Ministry of Territorial Administration. Some complexity still remains in the project The 2iE project is very carefully designed. The N due to the multiplicity of donors and co- Bank project team is working in a very financing issues. coordinated way with AfDB and AFD following a similar timeline to prepare this project, sharing program documents, using the same procurement plans and monitoring indicators, and sharing respective analysis and assessment. Moving from a partially subsidized institution The first phase of 2iE project is being N to a self-sustainable institution remains a implemented on time showing a good challenge. Enough revenues need to come from implementation capacity. Subsidies represented student fees and scholarships (increasing their 25% of 2iE revenues in 2006, 15% in 2007 and share from 35 to 50%) and from contracted are progressively being phased out. There is a research and services. strong demand from new students and revenues through fees and scholarships are proceeding in accordance with 2iE project targets. The financial analysis done by AFD confirms that financial sustainability can be achieved in three years 20 under 2iE hypothesis. The actual transfer of staff and assets to the The team and systems are in place and operating. M Foundation has been decided by the members The transfer of all assets is a dated covenant to of both the existing and the new legal structure avoid creating operational difficulties if delays on February 26, 2008,but will take some time to occur in the legal transfer of assets. The delay to actually be implemented (execution of transfer comply with the dated covenant will be agreements, publication and notices to third determined with the Government of Burkina Faso parties, registration, etc.). IDA may therefore during Negotiations and be set as short as disburse funds to be passed on to the possible to limit the risk. Foundation that may not legally have staff, assets or FM system in place to implement the Project and manage these funds. Even after its legal restructuring, the challenge Since 2006, the management of 2iE organizes S for 2iE will be to maintain the participation of regular communication campaign targeting sub the current 14 member states and attract new Saharan Africa and is developing partnerships self-financed and scholarship-supported with Anglophone institutions. This outreach students coming from a greater number of communication strategy will be strengthened as countries, mostly from Anglophone Africa, in part of the project to attract students from a the next three years. greater number of countries. N: Negligible; M: Moderate; S: Substantial F. Credit conditions and covenants 34. The conditions for each stage of the credit preparation are the following: For Board presentation: Decision by the Council of Minister to approve the signature of a headquarter agreement between Burkina Faso and the Foundation. For Signature of the Legal Agreements: i) Designation of the members of the Foundation 2iE's bodies in a manner satisfactory to IDA, and (ii) Completion of the process for the recognition by Burkina Faso of the public interest nature of the Foundation. For Effectiveness: (i) the subsidiary agreement has been signed by the Ministry of Finances of Burkina Faso and 2iE; (ii) an amendment to the actual commissaire aux comptes' contract or a new contract has been signed to distinguish between his mission as commissaire aux comptes of 2iE and his mission as independent auditor as requested by IDA; and (iii) if relevant, all needed formalities to ensure that Foundation 2iE' statutes are validly signed by Burkina Faso are fulfilled, as certified by the Conseil Constitutionnel of Burkina Faso. Dated Covenant: All assets of the Group EIER-ETSHER, whether material (land, buildings) or immaterial (staff, students, contracts, etc.), and the land agreed to be donated by Burkina Faso, have been transferred to the Foundation. IV. APPRAISAL SUMMARY A. Economic and financial analysis 35. The economic justification of the project is based on the following: 21 (i) 2iE will ensure its financial sustainability through: an increase of the number of students paying fees (fees will increase form 30% to 42% of 2iE income by 2011); contracts financed by public donors that will account for 29% of 2iE income, and engineering services, distance education and lifelong learning that will together provide 29% of 2iE income. (ii) The private benefits of the 2iE graduates through increased earning possibilities in the labor market. The additional skills acquired by 2iE graduates improve their employability, measured as the chance of finding a job as well as moving up the career ladder within a given profession, and income stream (the average monthly salary of 2iE graduates is FCFA 420,000 (US$860) at entry level). In addition, a tracking survey carried out by the 2iE shows that 50 percent of its students get job offers before finishing the program and more than 90 percent of them obtain employment within the first six months of graduation from the institute. (iii) The net benefits of the project also include improved efficiency in training African water engineers and specialists in Burkina Faso rather than sending them to universities and colleges in Europe or North America. Analysis show that an annual per student cost of obtaining a higher education in engineering in France, for instance, is more than three times higher than that in Burkina Faso (26,420 and 6,720, respectively). In addition, 90% of 2iE graduates stay in Africa, which contributes to reducing the brain drain (60% of African students abroad tend not to return to Africa). (iv) The project would also have wider social benefits since 2iE graduates would join the stock of skilled workers in Africa. This would lead to improved productivity and growth with a wider knowledge and skill accumulation producing positive externalities at the workplace and beyond in a sector, water and sanitation, which is critical for poverty alleviation. B. Technical 36. The technical design of the components program of the project was prepared on the basis of a series of studies and technical assistance from donors, such as the AFD, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Swiss cooperation. The studies covered three main areas: (i) A simulation model has been used to prepare 2iE business plan and assess various options to ensure 2iE financial sustainability over the period 2008-2020; (ii) The new curricula adopting the LMD structure have been elaborated in collaboration with international experts from the European Union and the AUF, and the programs' content have been reviewed with the support of research and training institutions such as the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the hydroscience laboratory of IRD/University of Montpellier II, the CIRAD, ISMANS (Institut des Sciences des Matériaux et de Mécaniques Avancées du Mans) and associated professors from other major partners. The LMD reform encompasses the following changes: three levels of graduation: Licence/Bachelor (three years, 2,400hours), Master (two years, 1,400 hours) and Doctorate (three years); a reorganization of the academic year in 22 semesters; a modular organization of courses providing credits, and a greater professionalization of Masters; (iii) The new legal structure is based on an organizational audit done in 2004, and various legal consultations with local and international law firms. C. Fiduciary 37. The 2iE has a good record in managing funds provided by international donors including the European Union, the African Development Bank, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland, and Denmark. Thus, they have established a sound financial management system supported by a fully staffed financial and accounting unit. The assessment by the World Bank's Financial Management Specialist concluded that the financial management arrangements in place at the 2iE meet the Bank's minimum requirements under OP/BP10.02 and are therefore adequate to provide, with reasonable assurance, accurate and timely information required by IDA on the status of the project. A Project Management team set within 2iE to implement the project is staffed by people with good technical background without adequate procurement experience. The team leader who is supposed to deal with procurement has a procurement experience with other donors but is not familiar with Bank procedure. Due to the small number of contract (less than 10) awaiting under Bank funds it has not been envisaged a recruitment of Bank experienced procurement specialist. However a partnership between 2iE and Bank's projects (included in the Burkina's portfolio) for procurement support has been foreseen by the action plan to ensure that things will be done properly. D. Environment and Social 38. By training water and environment engineers and researchers, 2iE contributes to the improvement of the provision of safe drinking water and sanitation services to the Sub-Saharan African population. Research also plays a key role in the development of new technologies that will better correspond to the mechanisms by which African collective systems operate. In particular, innovative technologies for drinking water treatment and supply, collection and purification of sewage and waste, and new forms of energy (biomass, bio-fuel and innovative use of solar energy) are priority areas. In line with needs expressed by African development actors, research programs are already being conducted to alleviate poverty: - The laboratory of pollution control and water treatment has developed a technology of collective water distribution (CWD) for the water supply of poor population of small urban centres and suburbs. CWD are currently implemented and tested in two towns in Mali (Mopti and Bougouni) in partnership with Energie du Mali and two towns in Burkina (Djibo and Dori) in partnership with ONEA (Office National de l'Eau Potable et l'Assainissement), with funding from the European Commission. - The research team on environment and eco-health has been working for six years on a cross- disciplinary approach with the population, NGO and authorities around the Itenga dam in Burkina Faso on the impacts of human activities in the reservoirs basin on public health of local communities. Together with communities, the outcomes of the research have been used to design local development projects aiming at reducing negative impacts with funding from the International Development Research Centre (Canada). 23 E. Safeguard policies 39. The Environmental category is B. The project has triggered OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment due to the potential negative environmental impacts related to the extension of the campus in Kamboinsé. The project has prepared an ESMP to address these potential negative impacts. This report has been reviewed and finalized by the Bank's safeguards team, has been disclosed at the Bank's InfoShop and will be disclosed in the country prior to appraisal. 40. The ESMP includes the following measures, some of which have already been completed during the first phase of the 2iE expansion: (i) the conservation and utilization of rain water for irrigation; (ii) the optimization of water consumption based on simplified systems; (iii) the natural treatment of sewage; (iv) the construction of student boarding facilities in local materials; (v) the sustainable waste management and utilization for agriculture; and (vi) the development of an arboretum adapted to Sahelian climate. 41. A social analysis has been carried out after the identification stage, during which the local community has been consulted. The social analysis has concluded that Policy 4.12 related to population resettlement does not need to be triggered because the population is not negatively affected by the project. In particular, the conclusions of the social analysis are the following: (i) the new land given in March 2006 by Burkina Faso was administrative and not been used for agricultural purpose; (ii) only three persons were concerned during the first phase of the expansion of 2iE: the two teachers have been redeployed and given new accommodation by the Ministry of Agriculture and the guard is employed by 2iE at a higher salary than before and has found accommodation in the village of Kamboinsé; (iii) the track that is crossing the Kamboinsé Campus on a 200 yards land will be modified to run in parallel to the campus border; (iv) the community is benefiting from the expansion of the campus through new opportunities (small shops, food services for students, etc.); and (v) a permanent consultation group between 2iE, local administrative authorities, and village traditional authorities has been set up and will develop joint projects benefiting the local community. Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) [X] [ ] Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [ ] [X] Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] [X] Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) [ ] [X] Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) [ ] [X] Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [ ] [X] Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ ] [X] Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [X] Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)* [ ] [X] Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [ ] [X] * By supporting the proposed project, the Bank does not intend to prejudice the final determination of the parties' claims on the disputed areas 24 F. Policy Exceptions and Readiness 42. Policy exceptions The Project complies with all Bank policies; no exceptions are sought. 43. Readiness Since this is a second phase of the scaling up of an existing institution, all the institutional and financial arrangements are in place as well as the unit and staff managing the project that will be legally operational when all the assets will be transferred to the Foundation. The 2iE operational plan includes a procurement schedule. A detailed procurement plan for the first 18 months of activities will be available for negotiations. The definition of the new 2iE legal status is in the process of being finalized. It has been submitted to the 2iE's members for review and adopted on February 26, 2008. The overall conclusion of the Financial Management (FM) review is that, once transferred to the Foundation, the existing financial management arrangements will be satisfactory to meet IDA FM requirements, provided all recommendations are implemented by effectiveness and the Government of Burkina Faso formally agrees on them. 25 Annex 1: Country and Sector Background BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project SITUATION 1. Today, over 322 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are without access to safe drinking water. 463 million of them lack basic sanitation13. The situation is particularly worrying considering the fact that these figures respectively increased by 23% and 30% from 1990 to 200414. This is largely due to a general and rapid population growth (2.5% in average in SSA, the highest in the world)15. If the current trends continue, it is estimated that the number of persons without access to drinking water from an improved source in sub-Saharan Africa will increase by 47 million by 201516. In terms of development priorities, this implies that major investments in water and sanitation are incontrovertible to avoid a greater humanitarian drama. The graph below shows the amplitude of the efforts required to reach the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) drinking water target by 2015. Many countries will have to more than double and even triple the efforts they realized during the previous decade in terms of increase in population served. Figure 1: African countries that need to more than double their 1990-2004 rate of increase in order to reach the MDG drinking water target by 2015 4500 noitalupop 1990-2004 2005-2015 (required) 4000 3500 ni ) 3000 e creasnil ndsa 2500 us 2000 hot( 1500 nnuaa egarev 1000 500 A 0 ian itarua aireb og nin aib a reg ne C a To Li undiru m aeni racs m nad DR Be adna goln Ni ueqib B Za Gu Su Ug A maz ga Ye hiopit M daa E Mo M Source: World Health Organization and UNICEF. 2006. Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The urban and rural challenge of the decade. WHO & UNICEF: Switzerland, p. 10. 13World Health Organization and UNICEF. 2006. Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The urban and rural challenge of the decade. WHO & Unicef: Switzerland. 14Ibid. 15UNPA, State of World Population 2007, Indicators, available at: http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2007/english/notes/indicators.html, Average population growth (2005-2010) for Eastern Africa: 2.3%, Middle Africa: 2.7%, Western Africa: 2.3%, not including Northern Africa nor Southern Africa. 16WHO & Unicef (2006). 26 2. Two serious challenges hide behind this general picture: a rapid urbanization, and important coverage disparities between rural and urban areas. These specific issues ask for innovative, sustainable and environment-friendly solutions. In particular, innovative technologies for drinking water treatment and supply, collection and purification of sewage and waste, and new forms of energy (biomass, bio-fuel and innovative use of solar energy) are priority areas. Developing these new technologies in greater conformity with the way African collective systems operate is crucial to ensure their sustainable impact. 3. To carry out these colossal new investments, ensure their sustainability, and develop innovative African tailored solutions, a growing number of African highly qualified professionals and researchers are required. It is indeed estimated that each new US$ million invested requires one engineer. In October 2006, as indicated in the table below, the total yearly public investment planned to approach the MDG drinking water target by 2015 was US$930 million for only sixteen African countries. In other words, to carry out these public projects, nearly 1000 engineers will be needed every year. And this is without considering the public investment needs in sanitation. Table 1: Water Millennium goal for 16 African countries, Public Investment planned (US$m/year) (not including sanitation) Access Access Total Public to to MDG Invest. Invest. Country Drinking Drinking % 2015 Required Planned Water* Water US$m/year US$m/year % 1990 % 2005 Burkina Faso 53 63 82 88 14 Benin 37 48 68 27 33 RDC 37 22** 49 199 69 Mauritania 37 40** 68 57 37 Niger 53 59** 80 78 - Senegal 58 75** 90 57 13 Madagascar 28 31 55 54 73 Rwanda 49 57 85 30 10 Sub-total 590 249 Ethiopia 19 39 70 243 100 Ghana 54 56** 85 125 78 Kenya 45 62* 80 138 110 Malawi 49 67* 75 12 6 Mozambique 31 40 70 89 67 Tanzania 38 52* 64 219a 219a Uganda 26 66*** 80 95 100 Zambia 49 53* 74 - 05 Sub-total 921 680.5 Including sanitation; *2002, **2004, ***2006 Source: Getting Africa on Track to Meet the MDGs on Water and Sanitation: A Status Review of Sixteen African Countries. October 2006. A regional initiative by African Ministers Council on Water AfDB, EU Water Initiative, Water and Sanitation Program and UNDP. 27 4. If human resources are decisive to transform these efforts into concrete and sustainable results, yet training capacities remain limited in Africa17, and many engineers are still trained abroad18 with the high probability that they do not come back. The direct consequence is a lack of professionals able take over the African water and sanitation challenge. In 2006, for instance, there were only 83 engineers per million inhabitants in Sub-Saharan Africa, when in the OCDE countries the rate was in average 1,000 per million19. Furthermore, because of poor quality20 and relevance of tertiary education in particular in francophone Africa (very few institutions work with the private sector to adapt their training offer to the labor market's needs), drop-out and unemployment rates are abnormally high. This results in a waste of talents and public resources that could have participated more effectively to the Continent's development. 5. In 2004, to invert this trend, provide concrete solutions to brain drain and contribute to skills enhancement for development, the Nelson Mandela Institute (NMI) took the initiative to promote and create centers of excellence in Sciences located in Africa and dedicated to Africa's development. The African Institute for Sciences and Technology (AIST)'s goal is to train African high level scientists and engineers who are in tune with the Continent's private sector and realities, and who will then be able to bring concrete answers to the numerous challenges that Sub-Saharan Africa faces. The AIST network will begin with four specialized centers of excellence: one campus in Sciences and Technology in Abuja, one campus in life sciences in Arusha, the Gulf of Guinea Gas Institute (G2I) on offshore petroleum engineering in Abuja, and the International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE) in Ouagadougou21. The 2iE was naturally associated to this ambitious enterprise to become the African training and research platform for hydro-agricultural infrastructures, urban and rural water supply, sanitation, energy, civil engineering and sustainable related environmental issues. 2iE and AIST will collaborate through student and professor exchanges, curricula consultation, e-learning programs, and mutual support to develop their respective activities as specified in the memorandum of understanding signed on August 31st, 2007. The following scheme22 describes the AIST network and the partnership with the 2iE. 17 A recent study of The Maxwell School of Syracuse University refers to a research conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in 1996 that pointed out that only 84 faculties of agriculture exist in Africa and that 50% of the agriculture faculties were located in just three countries (Nigeria, Sudan, and South Africa). Ginette Azcona, Rachel Chute, Farah Dib, Loveena Dookhony, Heather Klein, Daniel Loyacano-Perl, Dominic Randazzo, Vanessa Reilly. June 8, 2008. Harvesting the Future: The Case for Tertiary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Maxwell School of Syracuse University, p. 19. 18 As Peter Materu underlined in Re-visioning Africa's Tertiary Education in the Transition to a Knowledge Economy (World Bank, 2006), SSA has the highest proportion in the world of students studying abroad in comparison with those studying at home (6%). Among these international African students, 51% study in Western Europe, 21% in SSA, and 20% in North America, as a research conducted by the UNESCO Institute of Statistics shows. Materu, pp.8-9. 19Unesco (2000): 'R&D propensities and manpower in major country groups'. 20 As Materu (2006) explains, "rapid expansion of enrollments in public tertiary institutions in most cases led to decline in quality since it was not matched with commensurate increases in funding. At the same time, some of the private tertiary institutions being established are profit-oriented with little regard for quality.", p. 8. 21Partnerships will also be developed. The African Institute for Mathematical Sciences in South Africa, for instance, is yet considered to be one of the first AIST partnering institutions. 22 From a presentation given by Frannie Léautier, Vice President of the World Bank Institute, in Dar es Salaam, on March 6, 2007, entitled: "The Role of Science and Technology and Higher Education in African Development", available at www.worldbank.org 28 Scheme 1: The vision of the African Institute of Science and Technology (AIST) for Africa's tertiary education in sciences AIST: a network of centers of excellence Burkina Faso Nigeria 2IE: Center of Excellence for Main AIST campus in Abuja water and environmental engineering Tanzania Prospective second AIST campus on Life Sciences Nigeria Gulf of Guinea Institute (G2I) center for offshore petroleum engineering South Africa Center for applied mathematics (partnering with the existing African Institute for Mathematical Sciences) Source: WBI (2007). 6. 2iE was created in 1969 by 14 francophone African countries23 to train engineers for the public sector after the independences. There was initialy two distinct institutions, the Ecole Inter- Etat des Ingénieurs de l'Equipement Rural (EIER) and the Ecole des Techniciens Supérieurs de l'Hydraulique et de l'Equipement Rural (ETSHER). 2iE formally merges these two complementary institutions that have trained, to date, more than 800 engineers, 1100 technicians, and 780 post graduate specialists in the sectors of water, energy, environment, and infrastructure. Acknowledged Center of Excellence by both the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), 2iE has also developed strong partnerships in developed and developing countries. Some of its partner institutions include the prestigious Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (Canada), Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (France), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland), Réseau Ouest Africain de Renforcement des Capacités en Gestion intégrée des Ressources en Eau (WANET, Ghana). Building upon a growing international recognition, 2iE member states have approved, in 2005, a set of reforms with the objective to transform this sub-regional institute into a world class center. The reforms include quality, capacity, financial, and governance major changes and are described in more details in the Annex 4.24 23Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast Gabon, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, RCA, Senegal, Togo 242iE will develop its courses in both French and English, expand its research activities, develop distance learning programs to reach out more young African talents, and build an international network with other world class institutes in similar sectors. It will expand the number of its students from 650 students in October 2007 to 1000 in 2009, welcome them in two new campuses (one to be extended in Kamboinsé and one to be restructured in Ouagadougou), become progressively self-financed through fees and contracted services (public untargeted 29 7. The 2iE is located in Burkina Faso's capital, Ouagadougou. Even though 2iE is a regional institution, the support of the Government of Burkina Faso (GoBF) has been crucial for its development. In fact, the GoBF has given a land of 100 Ha located in Kamboinsé to enable the expansion of 2iE's facility, and has agreed upon diplomatic status for 2iE staff and students to guarantee the regional status of the institution. The presence of President Blaise Compaoré to the ceremony of laying the foundation stone in June 2006 also demonstrated the Burkinabé strong support to 2iE as well as the decisions of the Council of Ministers on March 1st, 2006 which officially confirmed: - The agreement of Burkina Faso for the creation of 2iE in the framework of AIST; - The important positive impacts that such a project will have for Burkina Faso; - The donation of 100Ha land in Kamboinsé for the extension of existing campuses; - The authorization given to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to concede a new headquarters' agreement to 2iE; - The mandate given to the Minister of Agriculture to mobilize necessary funds and finalized support of other member States to the project. 8. Burkina Faso is giving great importance to skills enhancement in its strategy to reduce poverty25. In particular, and besides its efforts to improve enrolment, equity and quality of basic education, it has launched a second post-primary education project (PPEP2) with the support of the World Bank that includes a component on tertiary education quality improvement. In 2006, it welcomed the pan-African conference on tertiary education for Africa's development26 and is currently undertaking a review of its education sector through a new country status report that is paying special attention to post-primary education levels, including tertiary education and its relevance to the labor market's needs. The GoBF's support to 2iE is thus in line with the overall Government strategy to strengthen post-basic education in order to better serve the country's development goal. CHALLENGES 2iE's ambitious strategic plan raises economic, academic and institutional issues: (i) 2iE is changing its financing model, moving away from state subsidies towards fees and contracted services as means of support. This has a number of implications. First, to be sustainable, the institution needs to expand its student enrolment and consequently its boarding capacity. From 520 in 2007, 1,000 students will be accommodated in 2011 with an overall capacity brought up to 2500. This expansion will require important infrastructure investments in boarding and class-room facilities in the new campus at Kamboinsé and the rehabilitation of subsidies will be phased out by 2011), its governance will be strengthened with four colleges representing 2iE major stakeholders (the academic and scientific community, state members, financial partners, and the business community). 25 The Government of Burkina Faso defined in its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)', the following four strategic pillars to which the Bank's Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) 2006-20092: (i) accelerating equity- oriented growth; (ii) guaranteeing access of the poor to basic social services and social protection; (iii) expanding employment and income opportunities for the poor; and (iv) promoting good governance. See World Bank Project Appraisal Document on a proposed credit of US$22.9 million equivalent to the Republic of Burkina Faso for a Post- Primary Education Project, May 23, 2006. 26See www.worldbank.org/education/ouagadougou 30 existing ones in Ouagadougou. Second, because member states will only contribute to 2iE through scholarships provided to their students, and not any more through subsidies, 2iE needs to involve a larger number of African countries in order to diversify students' origin, and increase its revenues. And third, because 2iE will progressively phase out untargeted subsidies for its functioning budget, the institute needs to substantially increase research contracts, services and revenues from distance education. (ii) 2iE is scaling up its academic activities from the Bachelor degree level to the post-graduate level (Masters and PhDs), adopting European standards through the LMD reform. Three new Masters programs are being launched27 and will be certified internationally through the Swiss certification system (SQS) and the French Association of Engineers (CTI) like the other 2iE diplomas. As a result, all 2iE diplomas will be recognized in the European Union. A Doctoral school is also being developed and will carry out its research activities in six main laboratories: Pollution control and water treatment in tropical environment, water and irrigation in Sub- Saharan environment, biomass energy and bio-fuel, interdisciplinary mathematics modeling, environment and eco-health and building eco-materials. This shift requires major investments in laboratories capacity, improving curriculum content, training professors, and adopting quality assurance mechanisms. 2iE is also scaling up its distance leaning activities, in place since 2004, to reach 450 e-students by 2011. Reaching this objective will require important technological and academic investment. (iii) 2iE is strengthening its collaboration with the private sector through consultation to elaborate and regularly improve curricula, develop internship programs, invite professionals to give lectures, and organize an annual job fair. Business and management training is fully integrated in the curriculum. 2iE will raise the number of hours in business and management in the Masters program from 6% of total yearly hours to 15%. Students' business initiatives are stimulated via junior entrepreneurs associations and a competition which is organized every year to award the best business plan. The institute also works with firms on applied research programs. Finally, 2iE provides specific and tailored training for students who are directly financed by enterprises such as Sogea-Satom, Delmas, Onea, and Areva, and continuing education training for the Togolaise des Eaux, Onea, and Electrogaz in Rwanda. All continuing education programs are certified ISO 2001. (iv) 2iE is expanding the enrollment of students from English-speaking countries, which should represent 10% of total enrolment by 2010. Therefore, the institute needs to hire bilingual professors, organize language laboratories, and progressively develop multilingual activities. Francophone students already received an increased number of English lessons from 30 hours a year in 2005 to 150 hours in 2007 and will receive 210 hours in 2008. A similar language program will be set up for Anglophone students in French. The objective is to develop the Masters programs in both French and English. To graduate, students will need to score 750 in the TOEFL exam. (v) Member states support the transformation of 2iE from two public merging institutions (EIER- ETSHER) to one independent foundation, as demonstrated by the transfer of the assets of EIER- ETSHER to 2iE. This is an important support of an amount of 11.5 millions Euros. The 27Water and environment engineering, Water and infrastructure engineering, and energy and sustainable development engineering. 31 Government of Burkina Faso also provided a land of 90 Ha located in Kamboinsé and agreed on providing the institute with a diplomatic status. The new institutional framework allows the participation of a larger number of African states. To ensure an effective representation of all the partners (states, private sector employers, the scientific community and financial partners), four colleges have been set up. Each of these four colleges in the general assembly designates one to four representatives to the board. The managerial structure and internal control are strengthened and 2iE is run according to private standards. 32 Annex 2: Major Related Projects Financed by the Bank and/or other Agencies BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project Latest supervision (PSR) Ratings Sector Issue Project (Bank-financed project only) Implementation Development Progress (IP) Objective (DO) Bank-financed Water Ouagadougou Water Supply Project Cr. 3476 ­ closed HS HS Ecosystem Management Partnership for Natural Ecosystem Management Project Cr. S S 51242 - closed Ecosystem Management Sahel Integrated Lowland Ecosystem Management TF053855 - MS S active Rural Development Community Based Rural Development II Cr. 4281- active S S Education Basic Education Sector Project Cr.3597 - active S MS Education Post-Primary Education Project II Cr 4196 ­ active S S Energy Power Sector Development Project H133 - active MS MS Energy Burkina Faso Energy Access Project Cr. 4355 - active S S HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Disaster Response Cr. 3557 ­ closed MS MS Regional AIDS Program Regional HIV/AIDS Treatment Acceleration Project H-106 ­ S S active Health Health Sector Support and Multisectoral AIDS Project ­ Cr. 4165 - MS S active Distance Learning Development Learning Center Project Cr. 3707 ­ active MS MS Capacity Building Administration Capacity Building Project H 151 ­ active S MS Statistical system Development of the National Statistical System Cr. 3878 ­ active MS MS Urban Decentralized Urban Capacity Building Project Cr. 4311 ­ active S S Agriculture Agricultural Diversification & Market Development Cr. 4195 ­ MS MS active 33 Annex 3: Results Framework and Monitoring BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project A. Results Framework Project Development Objective Outcome Indicators Use of outcome information These indicators would allow The objective of the project is to increase the The number of 2iE students increases from monitoring progress of the number of highly skilled professionals in the 520 in 2008 to 1000 in 2011. areas of water, energy, environment and implementation of the fourth infrastructure engineering in Africa. The percentage of graduates employed in the pillar of the Africa Action field in which they are qualified six months Plan: Skills for Development. after graduation is maintained at 90%. Intermediate results Results indicators for each component Use of outcome information Component I: Increasing the Capacity · The boarding capacity from 650 to 1000, These indicators will allow The capacity of the 2iE to train and board and the classrooms and laboratories' capacity monitoring the capacity of students has significantly increased reaches 2,500 seats. 2iE to become a regional · 22,000 square meters are built in 2011. center of excellence. · The number of doctoral students Component II: Improving the Quality increases from 8 in 2008 to 25 in 2011; The quality of training and research programs, · Professors with a PhD represents 60% of particularly at master and doctorate levels, has the total number of professors; improved and is recognized through · Permanent teaching staff increases from certification; and 38 in 2008 to 45 in 2011; and · 9 Masters degrees are internationally certified. · The percentage of non francophone Component III: Improving Communication students reaches 10% in 2011; and Management Capacity · 450 students are enrolled in distance The 2iE communication capacity and education in 2011; governance management are strengthened to · The percentage of non targeted subsidies allow 2iE reach its objectives. in total 2iE resources becomes null; · The revenues of 2iE are composed as follows: 42% fees, 29% contracted services and distance education, and 29% contracts financed by donors in 2011; and · The Governing committees report annually to the General Assembly of 2iE. 34 Reports report report report Collection Survey technical technical technical and Instruments database database Work Tracking Work Work lists report Report Report Report Report Report Report Report partnerships Frequency employees employees Students onstruction nnual nnual sector Annual 2iE C Construction Annual Annual Rehabilitation Annual 2iE's 2iE's Annual A Annual A Publication 9 3 90 10 15 45 60 55 25 450 private 15 1000 2,500 1000 international 22,000 12,000 the Year 2010-11 and with 7 9 2 90 12 42 50 50 15 12 800 ,000 850 staff 002 1,200 9000 17 Year 2009-10 rtnership 5 teaching pa 1 506 90 007 007 8 0 9 8 40 40 45 13,000 0003 100 the 35 Year 2008-09 and 5 0 8 0 8 5 90 strengthening 38 30 40 40 520 700 650 12,000 Baseline 2007-08 technology structures and education, in infra and field facilities and the CAPACITY existing QUALITY laboratories knowledge after life contracted Monitoring in of diplomas PhD Africa of staff education THE facilities* THE of y ientific equipped* from al with e published months built student rehabilitated* sc institutions* programs Results Indicators employed six acitp fully teaching staff hours outsid distance Objective ca and cultur upgrading class udents class papers degree st in for meters and meters labs and dissemination post-graduate Results students IMPROVING qualified INCREASING world world the graduates Infrastructures teaching teaching certified and I: square capacity sport scientific 2iE of are capacity square II: laboratories permanent of of Masters doctoral students of of of of of from of of of of Development of they erb erb erb Developing Equipping Increasing Arrangements Pedagogic Boarding Classrooms Number Boarding Number Rehabilitation 2 Number Num Num Percentage Percentage Number Num Number Number B. Project Number Percentage which graduation Component I.1 I.2 I.3 Component II.1 II. professors internationally II.2 General the to minutes report minutes reports days official official sheet sheet sheet sheet meeting Report Enterprises Report Report Report meeting lyb Committees' balance balance balance balance nnual oard ssem nnual Annual A Annual Annual Annual B A Annual Assembly A Annual Annual Annual 2 1 7 0 50 50 25 10 42 29 29 120 5 2 1 30 101 40 23 10 35 20 37 CAPACITY 20 03 2 2 1 77 21 15 30 10 45 100 36 0 MANAGEMENT 0 1 1 12 90 20 AND 2iE of CATION 2iE tables a ses* "2iE's tor* students* * General total a as in capacity ear*y up in the as year set enterpri Incuba 2iE's to COMMUNI students per of e per donors by ing subsidies resources by management ori annually participating Business 2iE e-learning Meetings of Committees eted monitored. financed in of communication Assembly and funded francophon targ report resources resources be to IMPROVING the capacity Board non and non 2iE 2iE internationally* student enterprises days"* students III: countries of 2iE General governing of services of contracts of of of of of of of percentage a eg indicators erb seven as Increasing Improving indicators Number Number enterprises Number Num Percentage Number Number The of Assembly* Percentage Fees Contracted percentage Activities' ercentap Process disseminated Component III.1 III.2 resources * C. Resume of the Monitoring and Evaluation Instruments The 2iE management team (2iE General Director and General Deputy Director, Thematic Departments, Units, and advisers, and 2iE internal auditor; see flowchart below) is responsible for the data collection and the reporting. Funding for the data collection and reporting activities are included in the 2iE Business Plan. A common monitoring and evaluation framework has been established for all 2iE's donors. Donors will also use common performance indicators as listed above. 2iE Management Flowchart Scientific and Advisers General Director Technological Public Relations General Deputy Director Information Secretariat Valorization Unit UVIST Internal Auditor 4 Departments 4 Thematic Units of Training and Research Department of Studies and Academic Services DESA Management and Development of Water Department of Continuing and Distance Training DFCD and Sanitation GVEA Department of Engineering and Private Sector Support DIASP Energy and Industrial Engineering GEI Department of Finance, Budget and Resources DFBR Managerial Sciences and Sustainable Development SMDD Infrastructures and Material Sciences ISM Source: 2iE The monitoring and evaluation of progress toward reaching the project objectives will be achieved via 2iE annual reports, Construction and rehabilitation work technical reports, 2iE'semployees database, annual enterprises day reports, the quarterly Interim Financial Reports (IFRs), and external audits. 2iE annual reports: 2iE annual reports to its Board meeting of May are made of the following documents: · Academic report: details of students' enrollment and graduation for the on-going academic year per course, nationality, and gender. Detailed results from previous year to current year. · State of indicators of 2iE's 2008-2012 Strategic Action Plan: A Strategic Action Plan 2008-2012 has been approved by 2iE's Board in February 2008. It describes objectives and expected results, and proposes a list of measurable indicators. Specific indicators of the project described in this document are included into this Strategic Plan. 37 · Student tracking survey: Every year, in September and December, a survey is carried out on graduates from the previous year. It describes the employment status and employers of 2iE's students. An employment rate is then calculated. · Research report: A report describes the main research activities undertaken by 2iE, the main research partnership agreements, the number of students in the doctoral school, the on-going research grants. · Annual financial report: The annual state of account for the previous year is presented as well of the report of 2iE's external Auditor ("Commissaire aux Comptes"). Construction and Rehabilitation work technical reports: Technical consultants will be recruited to ensure the technical supervision of construction and Rehabilitation works. Those consultants will regularly report to 2iE through work technical reports describing the progress made on the different construction sites. 2iE's employees' database: 2iE maintain a database of all its employees including all information necessary for monthly payment of salary, various contributions, retirement, social welfare. Annual enterprises day reports: Every year in May, 2iE organizes a forum between enterprises and students. A report is made describing the number and type of attending enterprises, employment contracts or trainee periods proposed to students. Quarterly Interim Financial Reports (IFRs): The quarterly Interim Financial Reports, as required by the Bank and the annual project's financial statements, will include the project's consolidated financial statements. The quarterly IFRs agreed upon during appraisal will be prepared and submitted to the Bank 45 days after closing of the quarter following the date of effectiveness. The IFRs will be based on formats developed in the Bank's Guidelines on Financial Monitoring Reports, agreed to with the project Financial and Administrator and the accountants with some adjustments. The IFRs will include a table of Source and Use of funds also a table of Use of Funds by activities or by components. A copy of Financial Monitoring Report Guidelines will be provided to the team for reference. External audits: The project's consolidated financial statements will be audited annually by an independent auditor acceptable to the Bank in coordination with 2iE actual "Commissaire aux Comptes", in accordance with auditing standards also acceptable to the Bank. The auditor will provide a unique opinion on: (i) the project financial statement (ii) the Statement of expenditures (SOE) and (iii) the Designated Account (DA). The auditor will also issue a separate management report on internal and operational procedures, outlining any recommendations for improvements to internal accounting controls and operational procedures identified as a result of the financial statement audit. 38 Annex 4: Detailed Project Description BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project A. Project Objective The objective of the 2iE project is to increase the number of highly skilled professionals in the areas of water, energy, environment and infrastructure engineering which are vital fields for Africa's development. It will do so by supporting the development of 2iE as a regional center of excellence, in particular by: (i) further increasing the capacity of the 2iE campuses in Kamboinsé and Ouagadougou to train and board students; (ii) improving the quality of training and research programs, particularly at master and doctorate levels; and (iii) improving the institute's management and communication capacity. B. Project components The 2iE business plan has two phases: (i) the first phase of the investment plan (2005-2007)28 was financed by the Government of Burkina Faso, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE), and funds from 2iE itself; (ii) the second phase (2007-2011) will involve contributions from the European Union, the AfDB, France through the AFD and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland, Canada (through IDRC), the WAEMU, and IDA. The first phase, for a total budget of US$8.1 million, was successfully implemented and even surpassed its objectives. The table below presents some key achievements completed during the first phase: Action planned for a five Achievement after three years (2008) % year period (2005-2010) achieved LMD reform in place by 2010 LMD reform adopted (Licence since 2005/06; 100% Master since 2007/08; Doctorate since 2008/09) Pedagogical infrastructure Boarding facilities increased from 320 in 2005 to 150% doubled by 2010 650 in 2007; Burkina Faso donated a 90ha land in Kamboinsé for future extension of the infrastructures Number of students increased 320 students in 2005/06; 450 students in 2006/07; 125% from 320 in 2005 to 450 in and 520 students in 2007/08 2006 Merging of the two schools Merger realized; Creation of four teaching and 100% teaching staff (EIER and research departments in 2006 and one information ETSHER) and reorganization and technology unit by area of specialty All pedagogical material Digitization realized 100% digitized with corresponding 28The first phase 2005-2007 ran from July 2005 to June 2007; the second phase runs from July 2007 to June 2011. 39 management systems Internal procedures New manual of procedures adopted since 2006, 100% strengthened, simplified and internal audit strengthened; External auditor hired made uniform and audit for annual audit; extraordinary audit by 2AC firm in realized 2005 Centralized software for New software adopted in 2006; enrollment report 100% schooling management published every year ISO 9001 accreditation for Renewal of ISO 9001 certification for initial 75% Bachelor degrees training programs in January 2008; process engaged for extending the certification to all 2iE training programs; process undertaken for CTI and SQS certification of all 2iE diplomas Selection of new students New Africa-wide entry exam since 2006 opened to 100% improved all nationalities The second phase (2007-2011) of the 2iE project represents a to al budget of US$35 million. IDA contributes to 11.2% (the detailed IDA financing is in Annex 5) of the total financing of the second phase which consists in: I. Further increasing the capacity of 2iE from 520 students to 1000 students (IDA contribution of US$4.3 million) 1.1. Improving the pedagogic and research capacity This includes: (i) the construction of two large adjustable pedagogic halls (500 seats and 400 seats) in Kamboinsé and Ouagadougou, (ii) construction of a conference hall (250 seats) in Ouagadougou, (iii) construction of a main scientific platform for research laboratories in Ouagadougou including researchers offices, classrooms, experimentation facilities (iii), and various pedagogic facilities in the new site in Kamboinsé. 1.2. Expanding the boarding capacity of the 2iE campuses and the students life facilities The main investments of this sub-component are the following: (i) creation of a scientific village to host 12 researchers and professors from partner institutions for short periods; (ii) construction of 320 student rooms in Kamboinsé and 200 student rooms in Ouagadougou; (iii) construction of Ouagadougou campus cafeteria; (iv) construction of sport and cultural facilities; and (v) laying out of the two campuses. 1.3. Rehabilitation of existing infrastructures This includes: (i) the rehabilitation of all buildings in Ouagadougou and Kamboinsé, in particular for the electrical and fire safety and for networking information technology. II. Improving the quality of training and research (IDA contribution of US$0.1 million) 2.1. Equipping world class scientific laboratories This includes: (i) the development of six laboratories - in the following research areas : Pollution control and water treatment in tropical environment, water and irrigation in Sub-Saharan 40 environment, biomass energy and bio-fuel, interdisciplinary mathematics modeling, environment and eco-health and building environment-friendly materials - through the equipment of these laboratories in high tech equipment and computers. 2.2. Developing postgraduate diplomas and education, strengthening the capacity of teaching staff and international partnerships This includes: (i) the strengthening of newly -created Master programs, the development of new curricula and the international certification process of all 2iE diplomas (through the Swiss SQS process and the French CTI process); (ii) the development of six laboratories through the development of international cooperation of research programs, mobility of researchers, opening of a doctoral school; (iii) reinforcing the capacity of teaching staff through training, research activities and international partnerships; (iv) the creation of a language laboratory, and the acquisition of multimedia training equipment, and the hiring of Anglophone teachers for the implementation of bilingual programs; (v) purchase of e-learning and ICT equipment;.(vi) the equipment of a library and the purchase of books; and (vii) enhancing the regional role of 2iE by increasing the mobility of teachers, and improving the partnership programs with English- speaking institutions. This scheme shows the two steps academic reform of 2iE. La reforme 3 2iE is developing the research activities of six laboratories in partnership with international institutions as the following table shows. 41 Pollution control and water Water and irrigation in Sub-Saharan Biomass energy and biofuel treatment in tropical environment environment LEAH LBEB LCP-Eau Partners Partners Partners École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CIRAD Programme International pour la African Water Association Recherche et Technologie en irrigation et drainage (IPTRID) Ecole des Mines d'Albi Association Régionale pour irrigation et de CNRST drainage Kwame Nkrumah University Office national de l'eau et de Universidad Nacional Agraria la l'assainissement - ONEA CIRAD Molina (UNAM) Pérou Ecole Nationale Supérieure Pontificia Universidade Catolica Polytechnique de Yaoundé / LESEAU IRD-Hydrosciences do Rio de Janeiro Université Montpellier 1 et 2 ADEME Tuskegee University Alabama TOTAL Princeton University Project production International Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II du Maroc GTZ Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 Luxembourg Cooperation Interdisciplinary mathematics Building environment-friendly materials Environment and eco-health modeling Platform SYSCOM LEMC Partners Partners Partners Haute école spécialisée de Suisse ISMANS IDRC occidentale (HES-SO) Université de Ouagadougou University de Bergamo E.S.I.T.C. de Caen Réseau pour l'environnement et ESIP de Poitiers Université Gaston Berger de Saint- le développement durable en Louis Afrique École Nationale Supérieure Communauté de Pratique IUT d'Egletons - Limoges Polytechnique de Yaoundé Ecosanté École Polytechnique Fédérale de Université du Québec à Lausanne Montréal CIRAD 42 Partnership programs with English-speaking institutions: Partners 2008 2009 2010 Kwame - 4 étudiants de KNUST - 4 étudiants de KNUST - 4 étudiants de KNUST N'Krumah sont sélectionnés pour sont sélectionnés pour sont sélectionnés pour University of une bourse d'étude en une bourse d'étude en une bourse d'étude en Science and Master eu 2iE; Master eu 2iE et 4 Master eu 2iE et 11 Technology - 2 étudiants du 2iE étudiants s'inscrivent étudiants s'inscrivent effectuent leur mémoire spontanément ; spontanément; à KNUST - 4 étudiants du 2iE - 10 étudiants du 2iE - Au moins 1 enseignant effectuent leur mémoire effectuent leur mémoire de KNUST intervient à KNUST à KNUST dans les formations du - Au moins 3 enseignants - Au moins 5 enseignants 2iE de KNUST interviennent de KNUST - Au moins 1 enseignant dans les formations du interviennent dans les de 2iE intervient dans les 2iE formations du 2iE formations de KNUST - Au moins 3 enseignants - Au moins 5 enseignants de 2iE interviennent dans de 2iE interviennent les formations de dans les formations de KNUST KNUST Princeton - 1 étudiant de Princeton - 1 étudiant de Princeton 2 étudiants de Princeton University effectue ses travaux de effectue ses travaux de effectuent leurs travaux de thèse au 2iE thèse au 2iE thèse au 2iE - Au moins 1 enseignant de - Au moins 2 enseignants Princeton intervient dans de Princeton interviennent les formations du 2iE dans les formations du 2iE - Princeton participe à - Princeton participe à l'école doctorale du 2iE l'école doctorale du 2iE Leeds - appui du 2iE dans - Intégration de CFD dans Intégration de CFD dans University/School l'apprentissage et les programmes de Master les programmes de Master of Engineering l'appropriation de l'outil, - encadrement d'un - encadrement d'un dénommé Computational enseignant en thèse enseignant en thèse Fluid Dynamique (CFD), (Yacouba Konaté) (Yacouba Konaté) - encadrement d'un - Au moins une publication - Au moins deux enseignant en thèse conjointe publications conjointes (Yacouba Konaté) - Développement d'axes de recherche conjoint Birmingham - Signature d'un MoU pour - Montage en partenariat - Montage en partenariat University l'appui de Birmingham d'un diplôme de Bachelor d'un diplôme de Master en pour faire du 2iE sur la Gestion des réseaux Gestion des réseaux l'institution leader en routiers routiers Afrique dans la formation sur les techniques d'entretien routier 43 2.3. Increasing the dissemination of knowledge and technology and the partnership with the private sector29 This includes: (i) developing distance education programs in the sector of water and environment engineering in partnership with enterprises; (ii) strengthening the partnership with the private sector and employers through the development of continuing education and technology transfer; and (iii) encouraging business creation through management training, junior entrepreneurs associations/clubs, and students competition for the best business plan. The following scheme describes the action plan of 2iE to support business creation. Stratégie : Actions sur la Création d'entreprises Formation création Club Junior d'entreprise entreprise Montage de modules de formation (en cours) Identification cible (en cours) Création d'entreprise - Etude de marché Identification sur la base du Gestion d'entreprise - Management volontariat et de la motivation Marketing - Technique de recherche d'emploi Public cible : étudiants en fin de cycle et anciens diplômés Entreprenariat et culture d'entreprise Mise en oeuvre formation Intervenants : enseignants 2IE, consultant, maison de l'entreprise, experts internationaux Recherche Participation Montage de buisiness Concours du de concours plan par les étudiants Validation meilleur projet financement internationaux Sous la supervision des par un jury Lors des Journées encadreurs entreprises supervision France, maison de Canada etc l'entreprise III. Improving the communication and management capacity of the institution (IDA contribution of US$0.4 million) 3.1. Strengthening 2iE outreach policy This includes: (i) the organization of one major international thematic conference, (ii) publication in international scientific journals and communication in various media, and (iii) a greater cooperation with African higher education institutions. 2iE communication strategy for the next two years: Expected Date Event Partners Format financing outcomes March Scientific workshop 2iE, AIST Abuja, 30 participants FSP, France, Inter-institutions 2008 of AIST campuses at AIST Arusha, from University DDC partnerships, the 2iE on the Scientific Council of of Princeton, Switzerland, harmonization of 292.2 and 2.3 sub component has been merged in the overall budget description. Details will be given during appraisal 44 training and research the AIST, KNUST Tekeje university, NMI-AIST training and research in Sciences and University of programs, students Technology in Sub- Darsalam, exchanges Saharan Africa KUNST Kumasi, AIST Abuja, AIST Arusha June 2008 Conference on the 2iE, West Africa 50 participants Capnet, Wanet, Inter-institutions training and research Network for from 16 GWP West partnerships, joint in integrated Capacity Building in countries of West Africa, 2iE training programs, management of IWRM (Wanet), Africa and the harmonization of water resources in Waternet (SADC), SADC region programs, teachers West Africa Capnet, GWP West exchanges Africa March 6th editions of the 2iE, EPFL CREPA, 150 participants: FSP France, Publications d'actes, 2009 international IAV Hassan II, researchers and DDC Development of scientific event of Université de professors of the Switzerland, researchers networks, 2iE Ouagadougou, 2iE, CREPA, 2iE own partnerships Consortium universities and resources, and development, young OURANOS, AAE, research CREPA researchers training IRD, CIRAD, institutes from CNRST, African francophone and universities anglophone African countries, Europe, North and South America November Second conference 2iE, Ministry of 300 participants France, World Information and 2009 on the challenges Energy of Burkina from all Africa Bank, sensitization of and perspectives of Faso, CEDEAO, and international European stakeholders, bio-fuels in Africa UEMOA, CIRAD experts from the Commission, collaboration in five continents 2iE, Cirad and research and other partners development to be mobilized (ADEME, FFEM, TOTAL Group, France MAE, etc...) 3.2. Strengthening 2iE management capacity This includes: (i) the financing of the final architectural studies, the preparation of the bidding documents, and the launch of the procurement process, (ii) the strengthening of 2iE capacity for technical supervision of constructions, and (iii) the improvement of 2iE financial sustainability through a stronger internal control and auditing process. 45 Annex 5: Project Costs BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project BURKINA FASO - International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (2IE) Total Project Cost and Financing Total Project Cost */ Components/Sub-components Base Cost IDA Other Donors 2IE Total Cost - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (in US$ equivalent) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - INCREASE THE CAPACITY 1.1 Expand boarding capacity of campuses $705,000 $9,511,192 $854,871 $11,071,063 1.2 Improve pedagogic and research capacity $1,352,386 $7,513,366 $0 $8,865,752 1.3 Rehabilitating existing infrastructure $2,215,307 $658,167 $384,069 $3,257,543 SUB-TOTAL COMPONENT I $4,272,693 $17,682,725 $1,238,940 $23,194,358 (in Euros) 16,449,899 II - IMPROVE QUALITY OF TRAINING & RESEARCH 2.1 Develop research laboratories $114,555 $2,140,396 $0 $2,254,951 2.2 Develop post-graduate program and distance education $0 $11,007,227 $4,279,993 $15,287,220 SUB-TOTAL COMPONENT II $114,555 $13,147,623 $4,279,993 $17,542,171 (in Euros) 12,441,256 III - STRENGTHEN MANAGEMENT CAPACITY **/ 3.1 Strengthen outreach policy $112,800 $338,400 $0 $451,200 3.2 Strengthen management capacity; audits $308,402 $1,002,922 $282,000 $1,593,324 SUB-TOTAL COMPONENT III $421,202 $1,341,322 $282,000 $2,044,524 (in Euros) 1,450,017 TOTAL BASE COST (US$) $4,808,450 $32,171,670 $5,800,933 $42,781,053 (in Euros) 30,341,172 Physical contingencies (on civil works and goods only ) $105,750 Price Contingencies (international inflation rate only (ICB) ***/ ) $85,800 TOTAL (including contingencies) $5,000,000 */ Exchange rate: 1Euro = 1.41 US$ (ICS data of 10/4/07) **/ Includes PPF ***/ MUV projections of 9/7/07 - DEC Source: 2IE 46 gn /* nci adyer ved * * * * * na al Fi eceir as latot 6% 2% 2% 2% 5% 3% 0% 0% nor fo 1% 13. 11. 23. 14. 16. 5. 10. 6. 100. Do % - - 339 450 411 042 000 950 620 313 053 721 nancingi - F - - 00,8 808, 11,9 61,0 50,0 248, 99,2 601, 81,7 341, - - $5, 4,$ $9, $6, $7, 2,$ $4, 2,$ 42,$ 30, Total - - - (2IE) - - III - nte - yt - 000 202 181 042 524 170 onentp paci nagema lenta $0 450, Ca $282, 421,$ 044, $920, $421, Engineering Strengthen 2,$ 1, M Com equiv ental - II yti $S U ost) Environm C esa tnenop alu in 171 Q n 939 256 555 797 025 790 950 313 79,2 47,6 48,5 248, 601, 542, 41,4 m 12, prove $4, 114,$ $6, $101, $1, 2,$ 2,$ $17, 47 and (B Co mI ntributioo tera anl C - P W - ty - I - of - - 583 899 nancingi entnop pacia - 409 693 452 984 209 620 C - - - 38,2 272, 43,3 38,5 01,5 99,2 94,1 49,4 F Institute mo - $1, 4,$ $2, $5, $5, $4, 23,$ 16, C nalo erallv Increase O ) Internati - AFD-t SO nmental A E) en F roivn A ) c. E M- INA d ppemole et,I 07) 4/ K B) D 10/ R an sria Df R fo U Dév B tera Aff A( C at o da W funds ngie de F, U Fas CSI( of n Bank ow- For ent ) anik A, G .dev $ U US IN recei ) of M C 41 E y 1. stitutenIlan E read o (2I gn cost) yrtsini Française nceeg pmoleve Bur N A = A (EPFL of W, NI al nte F M( (A D )so r neerii (base A ance rlandezit mnre (EU L A T Eur gnicnan EI2 1Eur:etar Dono ternationI canir herst O Eng DI T ni( egnahc Fr France Af Sw Gov O Fi/* urce: So Ex BURKINA FASO - International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (2IE) IDA Financing */ IDA as % Total Project of Total Components/Sub-components Cost IDA **/ Cost I - INCREASE THE CAPACITY 1.1 Expand boarding capacity of campuses $11,071,063 $705,000 6.4% 1.2 Improve pedagogic and research capacity $8,865,752 $1,352,386 15.3% 1.3 Rehabilitating existing infrastructure $3,257,543 $2,215,307 68.0% SUB-TOTAL COMPONENT I $23,194,358 $4,272,693 18.4% (in Euros) 16,449,899 II - IMPROVE QUALITY OF TRAINING & RESEARCH 2.1 Develop research laboratories $2,254,951 $114,555 5.1% 2.2 Develop post-graduate program and distance education $15,287,220 $0 0.0% SUB-TOTAL COMPONENT II $17,542,171 $114,555 0.7% (in Euros) 12,441,256 III - STRENGTHEN MANAGEMENT CAPACITY **/ 3.1 Strengthen outreach policy $451,200 $112,800 25.0% 3.2 Strengthen management capacity; audits $1,593,324 $308,402 19.4% SUB-TOTAL COMPONENT III $2,044,524 $421,202 20.6% (in Euros) 1,450,017 TOTAL BASE COST (US$) $42,781,053 $4,808,450 11.2% (in Euros) 30,341,172 Physical contingencies (on civil works and goods only ) $105,750 Price Contingencies (international inflation rate only (ICB) ***/ ) $85,800 TOTAL (including contingencies) $42,781,053 $5,000,000 11.7% (in Euros) 30,341,172 */ Exchange rate: 1Euro = 1.41 US$ (ICS data of 10/4/07) **/ Includes PPF ***/ MUV projections of 9/7/07 - DEC Source: 2IE 48 Annex 6: Implementation Arrangements BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project Institutional Framework and Project Oversight Member states support the transformation of 2iE from two public merging institutions (EIER- ETSHER) to one independent foundation, as demonstrated by the transfer of the assets of EIER- ETSHER to 2iE. This is an important support of an amount of 11.5 millions Euros. The Government of Burkina Faso also provided a land of 100Ha located in Kamboinsé and agreed on providing the institute with a diplomatic status. The new institutional framework allows the participation of a larger number of African states. To ensure an effective representation of all the partners (states, private sector employers, the scientific community and financial partners), four colleges have been set up. Each of these four colleges in the general assembly designates three representatives to the board. The 2iE Foundation is affiliated with the African Institute of Science and Technology (AIST). The terms of this cooperation are described in a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed between AIST and the 2iE on August 31, 2007. The main cooperative activities covered by the MOU are: (a) the development of the curriculum and degree programs; (b) assistance with the creation of the distance learning program; (c) bilingual course development; (d) the sharing of experiences in private sector partnerships; and (e) help with the development of research programs. The IDA credit will be provided to Burkina Faso, which will in turn retrocede the proceeds of the IDA credit to the Foundation in the form of a grant. A grant agreement between the 2iE Foundation and the Government of Burkina Faso will be signed and will stipulate the responsibilities of 2iE toward the Government of Burkina Faso.The Foundation will manage the funds through a Designated Account in a commercial bank for the implementation of Bank- financed activities. Project Management Considering that the overall project (US$43 million) is being implemented directly by 2iE's management team, it is suggested that Bank financing (US$5 million) be managed as well by 2iE, in order to ensure better project coordination and keep implementation smooth and harmonized. The IDA credit would be granted to Burkina Faso. BF would in turn grant the IDA funds to the 2iE Foundation. By delegation from the Minister of Economy and Finance, the 2iE Foundation would manage the funds through a Designated Account (DA) for the implementation of Bank-financed activities. Replenishment requests for the DA would be prepared by 2iE and signed by the authorized representative of the MoEF for transmission to the World Bank. Coordination of Development Partners The 2iE expansion is described in details in the 2iE investment and business plan which has been discussed and reviewed by all donors concerned. It has already been agreed with all donors that 49 Bank procurement guidelines and bidding documents would be used for ICB, regardless of the source of financing. In addition, one single procedure manual will be used for all donors. The joint supervision missions would help ensure IDA's technical input in the implementation phase of the project for its participation in quality improvement aspects. 50 Annex 7: Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangements BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project Summary of the Financial Management Assessment As part of project pre-appraisal mission, a financial management assessment has been carried out in accordance with the Financial Management Practices Manual issued by the Financial Management Sector Board on November 3, 2005. The main objectives of the assessment were to determine: (a) whether the 2iE has adequate financial management arrangements to ensure that project funds will be used for purposes intended in an efficient and economical way; (b) the Institute "2iE" financial reports will be prepared in an accurate, reliable and timely manner; and (c) the entities' systems of accounting, auditing, and internal control are acceptable to the Bank. The 2iE has a good record in managing projects financed by International Donors including European Union, France, Switzerland, Denmark, and Canada. Thus, they have established sound financial management system supported by a fully staffed financial and accounting unit. The assessment concluded that the financial management arrangements in place at the 2iE meet the Bank's minimum requirements under OP/BP10.02 and are therefore adequate to provide, with reasonable assurance, accurate and timely information on the status of the project required by IDA. Result of this assessment is detailed below. Country Issues Follow-up to the CFAA conducted in 2001, shows that Burkina Faso continues to make progress in the modernization of its public financial management process and structures. The Government has clearly made great strides in improving financial management through the Public Financial Management Reform Program (PRGB), which sets out a methodology to carry the process forward. Additional assessments under a series of PRSC preparations showed that public financial management (PFM) core systems work reasonably well. Budget coverage is generally complete and extra-budgetary expenditures are negligible. The budget is a reliable implementation guide with the inclusion of medium-term estimates and the strengthening of the link with the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) since 2002. However, progress is needed on the inclusion of external financing and on the absorptive capacity. The ability to track spending has been strengthened with the adoption in 2003 of the WAEMU- wide budget classification with poverty-reducing expenditures already defined and integrated into the functional classification. Internal budget reports and the entry of transactions into the accounts are timely. Internal control is enforced but its effectiveness has been limited by weak capacities and procedures. Bank and fiscal data are reconciled each month and Burkina Faso has not accumulated arrears since April 2002. External audits of budget execution reports are submitted--since 2004--for parliament's approval within 12 months of the end of the fiscal year. The procurement system has strengthened between 2000 and 2005. The decentralization process in PFM has started and significant progress is already demonstrated. 51 Implementing Entity / Staffing The management of the project will be carried out executed by the existing Financial, Budgeting and Resource Directorate of 2iE; thus the overall financial management arrangements will be handled within that unit. Staffing in this unit comprise of one Director, one chief accountant, four accountants. In addition, the 2iE has maintained an internal audit unit to support and enhance the internal control system. This unit consists of 3 internal auditors. The withdrawal applications will be prepared by 2iE and signed by the Ministry of Finance. If needed, assistance on financial management, disbursement and procurement procedures will be mainly conducted through the Bank fiduciary team based in Burkina Faso. Financial Management Risks The financial management risks are related to: (i) the delays in submitting interim un-audited financial reports (IFRs) (ii) poor quality of annual external audit report, and (iii) availability of timely regular budget for the operations of the project (budgeted annual work program.) The strategy to mitigate these will involves the following measures: (i) The Bank will continue training and coaching financial and accounting staff in preparing acceptable IFR (ii) intensive follow up of the external audit report particularly by 2iE, in addition an IDF grant has been approved by the Bank and now is under implementation to reinforce the capacity of the Ordre des Experts Comptables in Burkina. The table below shows the results of the risk assessment from the Risk Rating Summary. It identifies the key financial management risks associated with project implementation and describes mitigation measures. Taking into consideration (i) the country context, (ii) the capacity of the implementing agencies, (iii) the mitigation measures and project implementation procedures in place, (iv) the Bank's capacity to detect problems through regular supervision missions, SOE reviews, audit report reviews, and (v) the 2iE's capacity for adequate and timely follow-up on problems identified, the overall financial management risk is rated as modest. 52 Risk Rating Summary Residual Risk Type of Risk Risk Risk Mitigating Measures Rating Rating INHERENT RISKS (risk that arises from environment in which project is situated) Country Level (determined at a - one project for strengthening portfolio level for each fiscal year M administration capacities has been financed M taking into account, inter alia, by the Bank quality of PFM, standard of financial - Commitment was taken by the Government accounting, reporting and auditing; in September 2006 to finalize all PFM and quality of FM profession). reforms no later than July 2007. Most of The risk is related to weak political them have been already implemented. leadership - EU and World Bank are financing the strengthening of the Supreme Audit Institution's capacity Entity Level - The 2iE Project will be implemented by determined based on information M same institute that has good experience in L where entity has been involved in donors financed projects implementation of Bank-financed - fiduciary staff are already on board and are operations or others donors in the adequately qualified and experienced; past taking into account, inter alia, - Funding flow arrangements are the same as independence of entity's other IDA financed project in BF. management and appropriateness of - Software (Saage Line 100) and manual of organizational structure procedures are in place. Both are acceptable to the Bank requirements. Project Level (assessed on a project - This project will finance mainly specific basis taking into account M infrastructure operations. It will have only M relative size of the Bank loan, type of one category . lending instrument, complexity of - The project will use largely the same project) implementation procedures successfully piloted under other projects according to 2iE management. 53 CONTROL RISKS (risk that the project's financial management system is inadequate to ensure funds used economically and efficiently for intended purpose) Budgeting M M The 2iE has a well functioning - The Bank team and project staff will work budgeting system. This project's closely to put in place comprehensive cost Work Program will use this existing tables for this project ; as well as detailed framework work program and quarterly budgeting for the first 18 months of the project - Additional assistance from the Bank Fiduciary team will be provided for project staff in preparing realistic budgets consistent with their disbursement plans. Accounting M - The 2iE accounting system is adequate and L Relevant charts of accounts and supported by Saage Line 100. This software adequate accounting procedures will is multi currency, multi site and multi have to be developed for this project. projects. Internal Control M - The 2iE does have an internal control M The internal control system should department fully staffed. ensure good use of project funds - In addition, the administrative manual exists and acceptable to the Bank requirements. Funds Flow M - 2iE will commit itself to adhere to the funds M Only one special account will be flow arrangements. opened at a well reliable commercial - There will be one special account which Bank will be managed by the 2iE. Financial Reporting M - The IFRs guidelines will be provided to the L An interim un-audited reports will be 2iE management team produced in a quarterly basis - Training will be provided to financial and accounting this should lead the project to become eligible to disbursement under IFRs - The format, content, and periodicity of IFRs will be discussed during appraisal, and will be agreed upon during negotiations. Auditing, M M - The ToRs for the project's audit have been The audit TORs will be developed to agreed upon. The Commissaire aux comptes cover the fiduciary risks of the EAP of 2iE has been accepted to be the project's and external auditors then will be auditor. An amendment or a new contract appointed. will be issued. When commenting on the audit reports, dates for action plan deadlines will be set up. OVERALL RISK S M H ­ High S ­ Substantial M ­ Modest L ­ Low In addition to what have been mentioned above on the strategy to mitigate these risks a regular Bank supervision and timely follow-up of management issues, will also be essential. 54 Strengths The 2iE is managing many other donors funds (European Union, France, Switzerland, Denmark, Canada, etc.) with the support of trained staff and has established sound financial management systems. Both the CFO, the chief accountant and other accountants are familiar with the donors' financial management procedures. In addition, the designated staff working on this project will be assisting by the Bank so that the overall residual control risk could be considered as modest. Weaknesses and Action Plan Significant Action Responsible body Completion weaknesses The FM unit is well Designation from the 2iE management in Before effectiveness staffed. But this 2iE staff of an coordination with WB project might need a accountant to designated specific undertake specific accountant. project need. Administrative The two FM tools 2iE FM Directorate Over project Financial and may be revisited and implementation Accounting Manual updated over the and software are project execution. available but may need to be customized as necessary as possible, in agreement with IDA. Financial Management Action Plan Actions Deadline Responsibility Agreement on IFR format By negotiations 2iE management in and on audit TORs coordination with WB Appointment of external Before 2iE management in auditor effectiveness coordination with WB The Project Software The accounting system will be based on a well-functioning computerized system namely SAGE Ligne 100. The computerized financial management system SAGE is multi-currency, multi site and multi project. It comprise of all modules including general accounting, cost accounting, monitoring and evaluation, budgeting, payroll management, assets management. If necessary, it will have to be customized to accommodate preparation of withdrawal applications and tracking 55 of disbursements by donors, reports generating, including quarterly IFRs and annual financial statements. Key staff will be assisted accordingly. Manual of Procedures An Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual is already in place. This manual includes: (i) the overall organization of the program including an organizational diagram and job description of the key persons of the 2iE including the accounting and financial staff; (ii) the accounting system which will be on accrual basis; (iii) the main transaction cycles; filing system, etc.; (iv) the various operational procedures including budget management (planning, execution and monitoring) and management of assets, procurement of goods and services, and disbursement; and (v) internal control procedures. This manual has been revisited during the appraisal mission to ensure that it is in accordance with the Bank requirements. Financial Reporting, At least two sets of financial reports will be prepared by the implementing team within the financial unit. The quarterly Interim Financial Reports, as required by the Bank and the annual project's financial statements will include the project's consolidated financial statements. The quarterly IFRs agreed upon during appraisal will be prepared and submitted to the Bank 45 days after closing of the quarter following the date of effectiveness. The IFRs will be based on formats developed in the Bank's Guidelines on Financial Monitoring Reports, agreed to with the project Financial and Administrator and the accountants with some adjustments. The IFRs will include a table of Source and Use of funds also a table of Use of Funds by activities or by components. A copy of Financial Monitoring Report Guidelines will be provided to the team for reference. Audit Arrangements The project's consolidated financial statements will be audited annually by the 2iE actual auditor "Commissaire aux Comptes", in accordance with auditing standards also acceptable to the Bank. Audit reports of reasonable scope and detail will be submitted to the Bank within six months of the end of the audited period. The auditor will provide a unique opinion on: (i) the project financial statement (ii) the Statement of expenditures (SOE) and (iii) the Designated Account (DA). The auditor will also issue a separate management report on internal and operational procedures, outlining any recommendations for improvements to internal accounting controls and operational procedures identified as a result of the financial statement audit. As the option to have the project audited by the same 2iE's "Commissaire aux Comptes" was agreed during the appraisal mission (as the latter is an international audit firm and was recruited through an acceptable tender committee process) , the audit scope will be tailored to the project's specific risks in accordance with Bank's requirements and agreed with the Borrower. This will be a condition of effectiveness. To ensure proper accountability of funds, technical and financial audits will be carried out on a sample basis. These audits will focus on the technical execution of the works (technical quality and progress), systems in place to ensure appropriate maintenance, and the availability of basic information to track the use of the funds (receipts, contracts, comparison of prices/bids, etc.). 56 Where funds are inappropriately utilized, IDA will cease disbursement until all funds have been accounted for. In cases where fraud is suspected, local authorities and 2iE management will be notified for actions in accordance with the World Bank's anticorruption guidelines. Accounting and Internal Control The accounting system supporting this project will follow the existing procedures already detailed in the 2iE Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual. The objective of this procedure is to ensure consistent financial reporting, the underlying accounting systems take into account the specific needs and circumstances for each component. Internal accounting controls for the project is set out in details in the financial procedures of 2iE it provides reasonable assurances that accounts will be properly recorded and resources safeguarded. The accounting system will be supported by the existing software SAGE-line 100. Disbursement Arrangements For the replenishment of designated account, transaction-based disbursement procedures, as described in the World Bank Disbursement Handbook, will be followed i.e. direct payment, reimbursement, and special commitments. The amounts and percentages to be financed through the credit are detailed in the Table below (Allocation of Credit Proceeds). Allocation of Credit Proceeds Disbursement Category Amount of the financing Percentage of expenditures to be allocated (US$ million) financed All Goods, Works and Services Eligible for Financing through the 5.0 100% Association The Project will be funded by the IDA following many other donors already contributing to the development of 2iE (European Union, France, Switzerland, Denmark, Japan, Canada, etc. The Country Financing Parameters (CFP) for Burkina Faso which have been approved include 100% financing on all categories of disbursement therefore no counterpart funding will be needed. Method of Disbursement The Project will not be ready for report-based disbursements by effectiveness. Thus, the transaction-based disbursement procedures (as described in the World Bank Disbursement Handbook) will be followed, i.e. direct payment, reimbursements, special commitments and replenishments of the Designated Account in FCFA. The disbursements will be approved by the Minister of Finance authorized representative by signing the withdrawal applications. The minimum value of withdrawal applications submitted under the IDA Credit for Direct Payments and Special Commitments will be documented in the Disbursement Letter. 57 Where the reports are adequate and produced on a timely basis, and the borrower requests conversion to report-based disbursements, a review will be undertaken by IDA to determine if the project is eligible for this method. Use of statements of expenditures (SOEs) Disbursements for all expenditures will be made against full documentation, except for expenditures against contracts for: (a) works in an amount inferior to US$500,000; (b) goods in an amount inferior to US$200,000; (c) consulting firms in an amount inferior to US$100,000; and (d) individual consultants in an amount inferior to US$50,000 as well as small equipment, office supplies and training which will be solely based on SOE. Documentation supporting all expenditures claimed against SOEs will be retained by the 2iE and made available for review when requested by IDA periodic supervision missions and project external auditors. All disbursements are subject to the conditions of the Development Credit Agreement and the procedures defined in the Disbursement Letter. Designated account The 2iE unit will maintain one Designated Accounts in commercial bank in Ouagadougou on terms and conditions acceptable to IDA. Funds will be used to make payments to suppliers in the respective contract currencies. The authorized allocations will be CFAF 200,000,000 for the Designated Account. The respective allocations will cover about four (4) months of eligible expenditures. The Designated Account will be replenished through the submission of Withdrawal Applications at least every month; it will include reconciled bank statements and other documents as required. The 2iE may also choose to pre-finance project expenditure and seek reimbursement from IDA as needed. Upon credit effectiveness and request from 2iE, IDA will deposit the amount of CFAF 200,000,000 into a Designated Account. The Designated Account will be used for all payments inferior to twenty percent of the authorized allocation and replenishment applications will be submitted monthly. Further deposits by the Bank into the Designated Account will be made against withdrawal applications supported by appropriate documents. The audit scope will cover the credit. 58 Flow of Funds Credit Account World Bank Washington Funds transfers Replenishment requests by an authorized representative of the Ministry of Economy and Finances 2iE Designated Account managed by 2 IE Direct Payments from Washington Payments from the Designated Account Suppliers of Goods and Services 59 Credit conditions and legal covenants Credit conditions For Effectiveness: The Recipient has appointed an external auditor which will be the current "Commissaire aux Comptes" on the basis of agreed and adapted terms of reference. Legal Covenants The following points of the financial covenants must be stated in the Financing Agreement: the Borrower (i) to be compliant with all the rules and procedures required for withdrawals from the designated account of the 2iE; (ii) to maintain the 2iE financial management system including records, accounts, and preparation of related financial statements in accordance with accounting standards acceptable to the Bank and to be audited; and (iii) to prepare and furnish to the Bank un-audited IFRs. Supervision Plan Given the modest level of the overall residual control risk, the 2iE would require one supervision per year, for which funds should be budgeted. However, intensity of supervision could be reassessed upon the evolution of the rating for the overall control risk. Financial management supervision will be carried out by the World Bank's Financial Management Specialist (FMS) who will do the following tasks: · Conduct financial management supervision before effectiveness/disbursement. · Review the financial management aspects of the IFRs. · Review the Audit Reports and Management Letters from the external auditors and follow up on material accountability issues by engaging with the Task Team Leader, Client, and/or Auditors; the quality of the audit also is to be monitored closely to ensure that it covers all relevant aspects and provide enough confidence on the appropriate use of funds by 2iE. · Physical supervision on the ground will be supported by reviews of the IFRs and the annual audit reports, including the management letters describing the status of internal controls. 60 · Provide assistance to build or maintain appropriate financial management capacity. Conclusions The overall conclusion of the FM system is that the current financial management arrangements are satisfactory to meet IDA FM requirements provided all recommendations are implemented by effectiveness. 61 Annex 8: Procurement Arrangements BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project A. General Procurement for the proposed project will be carried out in accordance with (i) the World Bank's "Guidelines: Procurement Under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits" from October 2006, (ii) "Guidelines: Selection and Employment of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers," also from October 2006. The various items under different expenditure categories are described in general below. For each contract to be financed by the Credit, the different procurement methods or consultant selection methods, the need for pre-qualification, estimated costs, prior review requirements, and time frame are agreed between the Borrower and the Bank in the Procurement Plan. The Procurement Plan will be updated at least annually or as required to reflect the actual project implementation needs and improvements in institutional capacity. The 2iE in charge of procurement of this project conducts procurement in conformity with a procurement section included in its Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual This manual has been reviewed and improvement actions have been made to allow its use during project implementation. Currently, 2iE is using a Standard bidding document drafted by itself but non acceptable (evaluation criteria based on system of mark) by IDA. As a consequence, only IDA Standard Bidding document will be used for all procurement activities under this project. Advertisement Following Board Approval of the project, a General Procurement Notice (GPN) will be published in the UN Development Business (UNDB) online, Development Gateway's dgMarket Online, and at least in one national newspaper (of each member state) of wide circulation, to advertise for major consulting assignments (above US$200,000 equivalent) and international competitive bidding (ICB), for which specific contracts are expected. Specific Procurement Notices (SPN) for goods, works, and consultant services to be procured under ICB, NCB and consultant services will be published in a national newspaper of wide circulation and may (mandatory for ICB and consulting services above US$200,000 equivalent) also be advertised in the UNDB and Development Gateway's dgMarket in order to obtain the broadest interest possible from eligible bidders. Request for Expression of Interests for others consulting services (below US$200,000) will be advertised in a national newspaper of wide circulation. In order to reinforce advertisement and the use of traditional vehicle of 2iE communication a free web site GEE would also be used for all SPN and EOI notice. At least two weeks will be allowed for submissions of expression of interest. Due to the fact that the 2iE Foundation is registered in Burkina Faso and the project fund a credit to Burkina Faso (that will in turn retrocede the credit to the 2iE Foundation in the form of a grant), National newspaper would mean Burkina Faso's newspaper, except as otherwise provided. 62 B) Procurement Method 1. Procurement of Works: A significant number of civil works contracts are foreseen for financing by the proposed project. Works will consist of construction or rehabilitation of following building: Sport center, pedagogic building, student dormitory, laboratories, amphitheatre etc... Procurement will be done using the Bank's Standard Bidding Documents (SBD) for all International Competitive Bidding (ICB). For National Competitive Bidding (NCB), the Bank's Standard Bidding documents will be used with necessary adaptations (eg: the necessity of using local currency for bidding and payment). Civil works contracts costing more than US$ 500,000 equivalent per contract will be procured through ICB. Domestic preference will be applicable to national contractors bidding for ICB. Civil works costing less than US$500,000 equivalent will be procured through NCB. Small works costing less than US$40,000 per contract will be procured through shopping on the basis of simplified bidding documents by soliciting written quotations from not less than three qualified domestic contractors (preferably more) in order to obtain at least three comparable offers. Preference for National contractor (means from Burkina Faso) will apply in accordance with the World Bank Guidelines 2. Procurement of Goods: Goods procured under this project will include: laboratory equipment, furniture and sound equipment for amphitheatre, office furniture and equipment etc. Procurement of goods will be bulked where feasible into big packages valued and procured through suitable methods. Procurement will be done using the Bank's SBD for all ICB. For NCB, the Bank's Standard Bidding documents will be used with necessary adaptations (e.g.: the necessity of using Burkina currency for bidding and payment) where National SBD satisfactory to the Bank are not available. Goods estimated to cost US$ 200,000 equivalent or more will be procured through ICB. Goods estimated to cost less than US$ 200,000 and more than US$ 40,000 will be procured through NCB. Goods estimated to cost US$40,000 equivalent or less per contract may be procured through shopping procedures. Contracts will be awarded on the basis of written solicitations issued to at least three qualified suppliers. Goods from one source or meeting any others reasons in accordance with paragraph 3.6 of the Guidelines will be chosen without using any of the competitive methods described above, with the association's prior review. Procurement of non-consulting services: There is no non consulting services to be financed by IDA's funds. However, in case of non consultant pertinent services, above rule and method threshold for Goods will be applied. 3. Selection of Consultants: Consultant services will include studies, and works control.. These consulting services will be procured with the most appropriate following procurement method allow by the Bank Guidelines and included in the procurement plan approved by the World Bank : (a) Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS); (b) Least Cost Selection (LCS) for 63 financial audit; (c) selection based on the Consultant's Qualification (CQ) for the selection of firms for contracts estimated to cost less than US$100,000; (d) Single Source (SS) selection shall be used with the World Bank's agreement for services in accordance with paragraphs 3.10 to 3.12 of the Guidelines. All terms of reference will be subject to the World Bank prior review. Short lists of consultants for services estimated to cost less than $ 100,000 equivalent per contract may be composed entirely of national (from Burkina Faso) consultants (in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2.7 of the Consultant Guidelines), provided that a sufficient number of qualified firms are available. However, if other foreign firms express interest, they will not be excluded from consideration. Consultant services meeting the requirements of section V of the consultant guidelines will be selected under the provisions for the Selection of Individual Consultants through the comparison of the curriculum vitae of at least three qualified individuals. The use of civil servants as individual consultants or as a team member of consulting firms will strictly follow the provisions of Article 1.9 to 1.11 of the Consultant Guidelines. 4. Operating Costs: No operation costs will be financed by IDA's funds 5. Training, Workshops, Study Tours, and Conferences : ( will be completed later when it will be clear if IDA fund will support training) C) Procurement Arrangement and Assessment of the agency's capacity to implement procurement. A project Management team has been created by 2 IE. Procurement will be handled by 2iE project Management team that could be reinforced if needed. This unit is operating on a basis of 2 IE Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual.. The assessment by the World Bank's Financial Management Specialist concluded that the financial management arrangements in place at the 2iE meet the Bank's minimum requirements under OP/BP10.02 and are therefore adequate to provide, with reasonable assurance, accurate and timely information required by IDA on the status of the project. A Project Management team set within 2iE to implement the project is staffed by people with good technical background without adequate procurement experience. The team leader who is supposed to deal with procurement has a procurement experience with other donors but is not familiar with Bank procedure. Due to shortness of contract (less than 10) awaiting under Bank funds it has not been envisaged a recruitment of Bank experienced procurement specialist. However a partnership between 2iE and bank project (include in the Bukina's portfolio) for procurement support has been foreseen by the action plan to ensure that things will be done properly. D) Procurement Plan A general procurement plan for entire duration of project implementation and a detailed procurement plan (PP) containing all procurement to be carried out for at least 18 first months has been drafted and finalized by the borrower and submit to IDA before negotiation. The (PP) includes relevant information on all things to be procured, estimated costs, selection 64 method, timing, review status (Prior or Post) etc. As management tools, the procurement plan will be updated on annual basis or as required (to reflect implementation needs) in agreement with the IDA. The procurement plan will be available in the project's database (and in the Bank external website). During project implementation, all procurement will be carried out in accordance with the formally agreed procurement plan (original and formally up-dated) E) Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual: Procurement 2iE has a Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual currently in use. This manual was reviewed by the Bank's FMS during appraisal and has been updated to conform to Bank's fiduciary requirement. F) Frequency of Procurement Supervision In addition to the prior review supervision to be carried out from Bank offices, two supervision missions per year will be conducted to visit the field to carry out post-review of procurement actions. 65 1. Attachment 1 Details of the Procurement Arrangement involving international competition. 1. Goods and Works and non consulting services. (a) List of contract Packages which will be procured following ICB and Direct contracting: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ref. Contract Estimated Procurement P- Domestic Review Expected Comment No. (Description) Cost (US$ Method Q Preferenc by Bank Bid- s 000) e (Prior / Opening (yes/no) Post) Date Construction and 11,396 rehabilitation (3,417 ICB N Yes Yes Sept 2008 of 2iE financed by Infrastructure IDA) s Furniture 2,888 (593 ICB N No Yes May 2009 (Equipment $ financed mobilier) by IDA) Fire and 215 ICB N No Yes Feb 2009 electric security equipment Specific 141 ICB N No Yes Juin 2009 equipment for fitness and sport center (b) ICB Contracts estimated to cost above US$500,000 for works, US$200,000 for Goods per contract, first Goods NCB and all Direct contracting will be subject to prior review by the Bank. 66 2. Consulting Services. (a) List of Consulting Assignments with short-list of international firms. Items under discussion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ref. No. Description of Estimated Selection Review Expected Comments Assignment Method by Bank Proposals Cost (US$ (Prior / Submission 000) Post) Date Control of 2iE 375 (229 $ QCBS Prior Sept 2008 infrastructure financed construction par IDA) and rehabilitation External Audit 31 SSS Prior July 2008 The target (year 2008- firms is 2009) currently the 2 IE auditors until March 2010. It has been agreed that this firm will also be used until 2010 for Bank funds. (b) Consultancy services estimated to cost above 100.000 US$ for firm and 50.000 US$ for individual per contract, 2 First consultant firms selection (regardless contract amount) and Single Source selection of consultants for assignments regardless of contract amount, will be subject to prior review by the Bank. (c) Short lists composed entirely of national consultants: Short lists of consultants for services estimated to cost less than 100.000 US$ equivalent per contract, may be composed entirely of national consultants in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2.7 of the Consultant Guidelines. 67 Annex 9: Economic and Financial Analysis BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project The economic justification of the project is based on: (i) the financial sustainability of 2iE; (ii) the insertion of graduates in the labor market and the cost benefit of the training; (iii) the competitiveness of 2iE training; and (iv) the social benefits of investing in the training of engineers in the water and environment sector. I. Financial sustainability of 2iE The model is based on the hypothesis that 2iE income will come from three main sources that will ensure the institute to be financially sustainable: (i) fees will represent 42 % of 2iE income; (ii) contracts financed by public donors will count for 29%; and (iii) engineering services for the private sector, distance education, and lifelong learning will together provide 29% of 2iE income by 2011. These hypotheses are realistic given the achievements made by 2iE in its first phase of expansion: (i) fees already represent 36% of 2iE resources; (ii) contracts financed by public donors counted for 50% of 2iE income in 2007; and (iii) distance education is expected to develop quickly whereas lifelong learning and engineering services should provide limited resources to 2iE. These achievements and hypotheses are explained in more details below. The following graph presents the evolution of 2iE resources from 2008 to 2021. DECOMPOSITION DES REVENUS D'EXPLOITATION 100% 80% F 60% O X M En 40% 20% 0% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Frais de scolarité Formation continue + distance & Ingénierie Privée Contrats Financés par Bailleurs de Fonds Publics Sub. Exp. Saut qualitatif 2iE Sub. Exp. Equilibre budgétaire 68 (i) Fees will represent 42% of 2iE income by 2011 (3.8 M ) Since the beginning of 2iE transformation, the number of students increased from 320 in 2005/06 to 455 in 2006/07 and 520 in 2007/08. It is expected, because of the high demand for 2iE training (3 candidates for one seat) and thanks to 2iE boarding and schooling facilities increase plans, that the number of students reaches 950 in 2010/11 and 1800 in 2015/016. Today (academic year 2007/08), students are financed through different sources: 35% of them finance their studies with public scholarships sponsored by their country, 28% receive a scholarship from an international donor such as DANIDA (Denmark), DAAD (Germany), DDC (Switzerland), MAE (France) , 3% are financed by private firms (Sogea-Satom, Delmas, Areva, ONEA), and 34% pay their own fees. With the increase of the number of students, it is expected that the number of self-financed students will grow, whereas the number of students benefiting from a public scholarship should remain stable by country (with yet a greater number of countries: from 14 in 2005/06 to 18 in 2006/07 and 20 in 2007/08). In this perspective, 2iE decided to maintain the actual level of fees to ensure its training remain affordable to individuals. As a result of 2iE expansion, fees should then represent 42% of 2iE own resources by 2011 (in 2007, fees represented 36% of 2iE income). (ii) Contracts financed by public donors should represent 28% of 2iE income (2.67 M ) 2iE has signed a number of financing conventions with donors such as the European Union, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, DANIDA, the Center for Research in International Development, among others. These conventions are considered as « contracts »with public clients. For example, 2iE is providing capacity building services to collectivities and civil society in sub-Saharan Africa for the European Union for a total amount of 2.65MEuros for three years (project Facilité Eau). Today such contracts count for 50% of 2iE income (2 M per year). 2iE considers that the institute can realistically win a contract of 1MEuros per year (for a three year period) thanks to its expansion plans (increase of international fame and capacities through a greater number of professors and researchers). As a result, contracts should represent 28% of income by 2011 with 2.67 M Euros per year. (iii) Finally, lifelong learning, engineering services to the private sector and distance education will together represent 28% of 2iE income. Whereas lifelong learning and engineering services to the private sector should represent a limited part of 2iE income, with respectively only 7% and 3.2% of 2iE own resources by 2011 (0.64 M and 0.29 M of income), distance education related income should grow considerably in the coming years. Distance education should generate 18% of 2iE own resources by 2011 (1.67 M income). 2iE is partnering with the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) and l'Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC) to develop its distance education offer. The expected high demand for this type of education is justified by the following reasons: - 2iE is the only African institute to provide distance education in engineering ; - 2iE has been partnering with the AUF for four years on distance education training. The first Master offered by the institute in 2007/08 has received great success since 200 candidates applied for only 50 virtual seats. - The institute received great demand from the private sector for distance education ; - Fees asked by 2iE are very competitive (2000Euros for the Master) compared to those of institutes or universities from industrialized countries; 69 - Content development and technical solutions will be facilitated thanks to an ongoing partnership with the AUF, the CEDO (Centre d'Enseignement à Distance de Ouagadougou) and the Technological University of Compiègne. - The European Commission finances the development of two new Master in distance education for 2008/09 and 2009/10 (project « Facilité Eau » and « Facilité Energie »). The table below presents the respective expected revenue from each source of income. Table 1: Projected income by category of revenue, in million FCFA Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 School fees 632 896 1241 1614 1865 Other schooling 142 190 242 305 349 related products Contracted services: lifelong training, 492 574 632 695 764 engineering, laboratories 2iE turnover 1266 1660 2115 2614 2978 Source: 2iE presentation: « Hypothèses et Prévisions Budgétaires 2006-2011 » The project should help 2iE in its transition to achieve its objectives and become self sustainable. \ II. Labor market for 2iE graduates The cost-benefit analysis of the project is based on the private benefits of the 2iE graduates through increased earning possibilities in the labor market. It is expected that the additional skills acquired by 2iE graduates would improve their employability, measured as the chances of finding a job as well as moving up the career ladder within a given profession, and income stream. A tracking survey carried out by the 2iE shows that 50 percent of its students get job offers before finishing the program and more than 90 percent of them obtain employment within the first six months of graduation from the institute. 70 Graph 1: 2iE graduates employment status 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Fin juillet 3 mois 6 mois 1 an ING 54% 70% 92% 100% TS 62% 69% 95% 100% ING: engineer; TS: technician superior Source: 2iE presentation: "Employment and success stories" The 2iE graduates would also earn more income as they enter the labor market. A recent study by the World Bank30 shows that a higher education degree leads to a 28 percent premium in earnings for college graduates in Africa, which is considerably higher than the world's average rate of returns of 19 percent. According to the 2007 survey, an average monthly entry-level salary of 2iE graduates was 420,000 CFA (US$860), with the highest pays amongst the self- employed as entrepreneurs or consultants (800,000 CFA) and multinational companies (600,000 CFA). The largest share of employment (30%) was provided by local enterprises and banks offering an average monthly pay of 350,000 CFA. Table 2: Sector of employment and salary levels for 2iE graduates Employer Category Share of Average monthly pay employment (%) (`000 CFA) Local enterprises and banks 30 350 Multinational companies 16 600 NGOs 16 250 Self-employed and 12 800 entrepreneurs Water companies 11 400 Public sector 8 125 Training and research institutions 7 300 Source: 2iE graduates survey III. Competitiveness of 2iE training The net benefits of the project would also include improved efficiencies in training African water 30Mathieu Brossard & Borel Foko. 2007. Coûts et Financement de l'enseignement supérieur en Afrique francophone. The World Bank : Washington, D.C. 71 engineers and specialists in Burkina Faso rather than sending them to universities and colleges in Europe or North America. An analysis carried out by the AFD shows that an annual per student cost of obtaining a higher education in engineering in France, for instance, is more than three times higher than that in Burkina Faso (26,420 and 7,530, accordingly). The analysis demonstrates that for the cost of preparing 250 African engineers in North America or Europe (with a half of them remaining overseas after graduation), the 2iE could prepare locally 1,000 engineers, with 90 of them staying in the region. Table 3: 2iE annual cost comparisons (`000 CFA) Institution Tuition Boarding Living Total expenses 2iE 1,700 180 500 2,380 ESP (Senegal) 1,500 350 750 2,600 UCAAC (Cameroon) 1,700 250 800 2,750 IP2 (Tunisia) 2,100 650 800 3,550 ESITC (France) 3,280 1,600 2,400 7,280 AUC (Canada) 2,500-7,400 1,800 2,400 6,700-11,600 Source : 2iE Presentation « La formation des élites scientifiques africaines : 2iE un modèle pour le développement » The competitiveness of 2iE is important to be able to attract new students from a larger number of countries who will finance their studies through scholarships. Currently, there are three candidates for one place available in 2iE. IV. Social benefits of 2iE In addition to private benefits and improved efficiencies, the project would also have wider social benefits since 2iE graduates would join the stock of skilled workers in Africa leading to improved productivity and growth with a wider knowledge and skill accumulation producing positive externalities at the workplace and beyond. The expected social benefits even exceed those of any other tertiary education training since many SSA countries are still far behind the MDG drinking water and sanitation target and would need to invest colossal amounts by 2015 to avoid greater humanitarian crisis (as mentioned in annex 1, it is estimated that US$1600 million of public investment would be required for only sixteen countries of SSA to reach the MDG related target). 72 Annex 10: Safeguard Policy Issues BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project From an environmental point of view, the expansion of Burkina International institute for Water and Engineering (2iE) is a Category B project. That is, the environmental and social impacts of the project, for the most part, are expected to be minimal, site specific and manageable to an accepted level. The project has triggered OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Policy due to the potential negative environmental impacts related to the extension of the campus in Kamboinsé. In this case, the Involuntary Resettlement Policy, OP 4.12 has not been triggered, following the results of a social analysis carried out at the identification stage of the project. The social analysis concluded that the local population will not be negatively affected. In particular, the analysis concluded that: (i) the new land given in March 2006 by Burkina Faso was administrative and not been used for agricultural purpose; (ii) only three persons were concerned during the first phase of the expansion of 2iE: the two teachers have been redeployed and given new accommodation by the Ministry of Agriculture and the guard is employed by 2iE at a higher salary than before and has found accommodation in the village of Kamboinsé; (iii) the track that is crossing the Kamboinsé Campus on a 200 yards land will be modified to run in parallel the campus border; (iv) the community is benefiting from the expansion of the campus through new opportunities (small shops, food services for students, etc.); and (v) a permanent consultation group between 2iE, local administrative authorities, and village traditional authorities has been set up and will develop joint projects benefiting the local community. All consultation documents are available on project file. A. Safeguard Document Prepared for the Project The project has prepared an Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA), to address potential negative impacts, as they relate to school infrastructure construction activities for the expansion of 2iE. The ESIA includes the following measures, some of which have already been completed during the first phase of the 2iE expansion: (i) mitigation measures designed to minimize and/or avoid air and noise pollution/nuisances and ensure safety of construction workers during construction (ii) soil erosion due to land clearing, (iii) the conservation and utilization of rain water for irrigation, (iv) the optimization of water consumption based on simplified systems, (v) the natural treatment of sewage, (vi) the construction of student boarding facilities in local materials, (vii) the sustainable waste management and utilization for agriculture, and (viii) the development of an arboretum adapted to Sahelian climate. In addition, the report includes detailed discussion of the institutional arrangements for implementing and monitoring project activities, at construction and exploitation stages. B. Public Consultation and Disclosure The ESIA report has been prepared locally, in full compliance with Bank and national safeguard policies, following a broad consultation framework, involving relevant stakeholder groups, both 73 in public and private sectors, as well as local communities, consistent with the approach adopted at project initiation. This participatory approach will be carried on throughout implementation, maintenance, supervision and evaluation of the project. The ESIA report has been reviewed and cleared by ASPEN, the Bank's Safeguards Team. Disclosure of the report took place in-country and at Bank InfoShop on February 15, 2008, before project appraisal. Prior to disclosure, the report was shared with relevant stakeholders workshop was organized by 2iE management involving relevant project stakeholder groups. This approach was be utilized with a dual objective: (i) present the results of the studies in order to seek feedback and input designed to improve quality and soundness of the instrument from these stakeholders; and (ii) foster ownership on the part of the stakeholders during implementation, monitoring and supervision of the EMP. Recommendations from both ASPEN and stakeholders' workshop have been reflected in the final safeguard reports, prior to disclosure. These recommendations and relevant provisions from the ESIA report will be reflected in the Administrative, Financial and Accounting Manual. . In addition, prior to commencement of civil works, contractor's bidding documents will include specific environmental clauses. Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) [X] [ ] Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [ ] [X] Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] [X] Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) [ ] [X] Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) [ ] [X] Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [ ] [X] Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ ] [X] Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [X] Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)* [ ] [X] Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [ ] [X] * By supporting the proposed project, the Bank does not intend to prejudice the final determination of the parties' claims on the disputed areas 74 Annex 11: Project Preparation and Supervision BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project Planned Actual PCN review 11/12/2007 Initial PID to PIC 11/29/2007 Initial ISDS to PIC 11/29/2007 Appraisal 02/28//2008 Negotiations 04/08/2008 Board approval 05/22/2008 Planned date of effectiveness 08/29/2008 Planned date of mid-term review 12/15/2009 Planned closing date 05/31/2012 Key institution responsible for preparation of the project: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE). Bank staff and consultants who worked on the project included: Name Title Unit William Experton Lead Education Specialist AFTH2 Helene Bertaud Sr. Counsel LEGAF Pierre Joseph Kamano Sr. Education Specialist AFTH2 Abdoul-Wahab Seyni Social Development Spec. AFTCS William Dakpo Procurement Specialist AFTPC Bella Lelouma Diallo Sr. Financial Mgt. Spec. AFTFM Daniele A-G. P. Jaekel Operations Analyst AFTH2 Amadou Konare Sr. Environmental Specialist AFTEN Ousmane Megnan Kolie Financial Management Spec. AFTFM Chloe Fevre E.T. Consultant in Education AFTH2 Mohamed I. Diaw Information Assistant AFTH2 Bintou Sogodogo Program Assistant AFTH2 Moukim Temourov Sr. Human Dev. Economist AFTH2 Bank funds expended to date on project preparation: Bank resources: US$156,250 Remaining costs to appraisal: Estimated annual supervision cost: US$150,000 75 Annex 12: Documents in the Project File BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project 1. Project Documents Aide-mémoire Project Concept Note ­ Concept Stage Project Information Document ­ Concept Stage Integrated Safeguard Data Sheet ­ Concept Stage Minutes of the PCN Review meeting Project Appraisal Document Data Sheet Country and Project Risk Assessments 2. Bank Documents Country Assistance Strategy, May 2005 Country Assistance Strategy Progress Report, June 2007 Poverty Strategy Reduction Paper (PRSP) and Joint World Bank/International Monetary Fund Staff Assessment, June 2000 3. Government Documents Accord de Siège entre le Gouvernement du Burkina Faso et La Fondation 4. Other documents Comité de suivi de l'appui français au 2iE/IAST, 16 Octobre 2007 La Fondation 2iE: La Gouvernance Memorandum of Understanding between African Institute of Science and Technology and 2iE International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Plan d'investissement 2iE/IAST Société Civile Immobilière EIER ­ ETSHER Patrimoine Inter ­ Etats (SCEPI) ­ Rapport du Commissaire aux apports sur la valeur des apports effectués par le Groupe EIER-ETSHER, Mazars, Octobre 2007 76 Annex 13: Statement of Loans and Credits BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project Difference between expected and actual Original Amount in US$ Millions disbursements Project ID FY Purpose IBRD IDA SF GEF Cancel. Undisb. Orig. Frm. Rev'd P084404 2008 3A- MZ-MW Transmission 0.00 93.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 94.98 0.00 0.00 Interconnection P105140 2008 3A-West Africa Biosafety (FY07) 0.00 3.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.12 0.00 0.00 P093806 2008 3A-Niger Basin Water Resources 0.00 162.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 187.57 0.00 0.00 P100785 2008 3A-APL2 West &Centr Air Transp 0.00 46.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.16 0.00 0.00 P079736 2007 3A-CEMAC Transp Transit Facil (FY07) 0.00 147.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 209.04 0.00 0.00 P094084 2007 3A-W.Af Agric Prod Prgm APL WAAPP 0.00 45.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.92 0.00 0.00 (FY07) P094103 2007 3A-Telecommunications APL (FY07) 0.00 144.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 167.73 0.00 0.00 P103189 2007 3A-Africa Stockpiles1 MMT GEF (FY07) 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.40 0.00 9.03 0.00 0.00 P097201 2007 3A-Reg&Domestic Pwr Mkt Dev. (FY07) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 303.45 0.00 0.00 P083751 2006 3A-West &Central Afr Air Tran TAL 0.00 11.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.56 0.68 0.00 (FY06) P079734 2006 3A-E Afr Trade & Transp Facil (FY06) 0.00 184.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 165.21 24.13 0.00 P094917 2006 3A-WAPP APL 1 (CTB Phase 2) Project 0.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.99 16.31 0.00 P093826 2006 3A-SRB M. Water Res. Dvpt. APL (FY06) 0.00 91.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 102.84 -0.49 0.00 P075776 2006 3A-W Africa Stockpiles 1 GEF (FY06) 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.74 0.00 5.11 4.62 0.00 P094916 2006 3A-WAPP APL 2 (OMVS Felou HEP) 0.00 75.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 77.51 12.64 0.00 P092473 2005 3A-Afr Emergency Locust Prj (FY05) 0.00 59.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.93 18.36 -3.17 P080413 2005 3A-HIV/AIDs Great Lakes Init APL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.14 4.95 0.00 (FY05) P080406 2005 3A-ARCAN SIL (FY05) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.29 1.75 0.00 P075994 2005 3A-WAPP Phase 1 APL 1 (FY05) 0.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.78 15.14 0.00 P070547 2005 3A-GEF Grndwtr & Drght Mgmt TAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 5.87 2.40 0.00 (FY05) P082613 2004 3A-Regional HIVAIDS Treatment Prj 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.67 17.64 0.00 (FY04) P074850 2004 3A-HIV/AIDS Abidjan Lagos Trnspt 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 -0.81 0.00 (FY04) P074525 2004 3A-WAEMU Capital Markets Dev FIL 0.00 96.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 104.03 86.07 60.72 (FY04) P064573 2004 3A-GEF Senegal River Basin (FY04) 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.26 0.00 1.39 5.18 0.00 P070256 2004 3A-GEF Niger River Basin (FY04) 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.00 0.00 3.32 5.01 0.00 P069258 2004 3A-Southern Afr Power Mrkt APL 1 0.00 178.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 196.58 173.55 0.00 (FY04) P070073 2003 3A-GEF Nile Transbound Env Action 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 4.39 14.58 0.00 (FY03) P070252 2003 3A-GEF Lake Chad Basin (FY03) 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.90 0.00 0.70 2.90 2.65 P072881 2003 3A-BEAC Reg Payment System (FY03) 0.00 14.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.12 2.98 0.66 P063683 2001 3A-Trade Facil SIL (FY01) 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 -0.31 1.12 Total: 0.00 1,458.89 0.00 71.30 0.00 1,954.08 407.28 61.98 77 BURKINA FASO STATEMENT OF IFC's Held and Disbursed Portfolio In Millions of US Dollars Committed Disbursed IFC IFC FY Approval Company Loan Equity Quasi Partic. Loan Equity Quasi Partic. 1999 AIF 0.00 16.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 1999 AIF (Mgmt) 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2003 AIFH 0.00 18.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 2005 Afren 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.00 0.00 2005 Africa Re 0.00 0.00 10.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.40 0.00 2002 Africap 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 2006 Cape II 0.00 9.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 2005 Celtel 0.00 11.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.83 0.00 0.00 2005 LFI 0.00 2.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 2004 Olam 30.00 5.60 0.00 0.00 30.00 5.60 0.00 0.00 2002 Osprey 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 2001 PAIP 0.00 27.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.62 0.00 0.00 2002 SABCO 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 2006 SABCO 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2006 Standard Bank GR 0.00 0.00 75.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2004 Tullow 0.00 14.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.40 0.00 0.00 2006 Veolia Water AMI 44.62 31.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total portfolio: 94.62 150.08 85.40 0.00 30.00 55.93 10.40 0.00 Approvals Pending Commitment FY Approval Company Loan Equity Quasi Partic. 2006 ARECO 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 2006 Brait IV 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 2004 BusPartners 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2003 African Lakes 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 2006 CCS 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total pending commitment: 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.00 78 Annex 14: Country at a Glance BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project 79 80 Annex 15: Maps BURKINA FASO: International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering Project 81