2018 SAFANSI II Annual Report APRIL 1, 2017 – MARCH 31, 2018  THE WORLD BANK      © 2018 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved. This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.     Table of Contents  Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................................... iii  Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... iv  Overview of SAFANSI Program ............................................................................................................... 1  Program Objective .................................................................................................................................... 1  Governance Structure................................................................................................................................ 3  Trust Fund Financial Status ...................................................................................................................... 4  SAFANSI Portfolio ..................................................................................................................................... 5  Table 6: SAFANSI Just in Time (JIT) Activities (April 2017 - March 2018 (USD)................................ 7  Program Outputs and Results ................................................................................................................... 9  Communications Activities....................................................................................................................... 13  Donor Visibility ...................................................................................................................................... 13  Activities ................................................................................................................................................. 14  Online Presence ...................................................................................................................................... 14  Events...................................................................................................................................................... 14  Products .................................................................................................................................................. 16  Program Risks ........................................................................................................................................... 16  Looking Forward ...................................................................................................................................... 17  Annex 1: SAFANSI II Dashboard as of March 31, 2018 ....................................................................... 19  Annex 2: Outputs and Results from SAFANSI Projects ....................................................................... 20  1.  Active Projects ............................................................................................................................... 20  2.  Completed Projects ....................................................................................................................... 31  Annex 3: SAFANSI II Active and Closed Portfolio ............................................................................... 33  Annex 4: Results Framework................................................................................................................... 36  Impact Indicators (Agreed by EC and DFID. Not included in WB Results Framework) ....................... 36  Outcome Indicators ................................................................................................................................. 37  Output Indicators .................................................................................................................................... 38  Pillar 1 - Improved Evidence and Analysis ............................................................................................ 38  Pillar 2 – Enhanced Advocacy and Awareness ....................................................................................... 39  Pillar 3 – Wider and Stronger Systems and Capacity ............................................................................. 41  Pillar 4 – Fostering Innovation................................................................................................................ 41  i      Annex 5: Publications and Knowledge Products ................................................................................... 43  1.  Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series ................................................................................. 43  2.  SAFANSI Briefs ............................................................................................................................. 45  3.   Other Reports .............................................................................................................................. 45  4.  Blogs ............................................................................................................................................... 45  5.  On-line Communication/Videos ..................................................................................................... 45  Annex 6: SAFANSI Risk Matrix ............................................................................................................. 47  ii     Abbreviations and Acronyms AFSP Agricultural and Food Security Project BCC Behavior Change Communication BE Bank executed (grant) CCT Conditional Cash Transfers CDD Community Driven Development CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CEA Cost-effectiveness analysis DC Donor Committee DfID Department for International Development, United Kingdom EC European Commission FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FNS Food and Nutrition Security FSNSP Food Security Nutritional Surveillance Project FY Fiscal Year GAFSP Global Agriculture and Food Security Program IE Impact Evaluation INMAS Improving Nutrition through Modernizing Agriculture INPARD Integrating Nutrition Promotion and Rural Development Project IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding JEEVIKA Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project (JEEVIKA) JIT Just in Time (grant) MSNP Multi Sector Nutrition Plan NDDB National Dairy Development Board NPAN2 Second National Action Plan for Nutrition PER Public Expenditure Review PM&A Program Management and Administration PROJAHNMO Project for Advancing the Health of Newborns and Mothers RRA Rapid Results Approach SAFANSI South Asia Food and Nutrition Security Initiative SAR South Asia Region SHD Sunaula Hazar Din SO Social Observatory TRP Technical Review Panel TTL Task Team Leader UNICEF United Nation’s Children Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WHO World Health Organization iii     Executive Summary During this reporting period, SAFANSI-II had an active portfolio of 27 projects, including 4 just-in-time (JIT) activities, for a total of $9.46 million. India remained the largest recipient (35 percent of fund allocation), followed by grants for Regional activities (21 percent), Nepal (14 percent) and Pakistan (13 percent). There has been a substantial increase in the allocation for Regional activities (which was only 7 percent total allocations in the previous reporting period). By sector, 34 percent of the total allocations were provided to the Health sector, followed by Agriculture (23 percent) and Development Economics (21 percent). With the completion of the third year of implementation, SAFANSI-II key outcomes and outputs are as follows: SAFANSI-II has informed seven food and nutrition policies thus far, four of which focus on the 1,000- day window. In this reporting period, the first contribution was made to the development of national multi-sectoral nutrition budget as a part of the Bangladesh Second National Action Plan for Nutrition (NPAN2). The Regional Costing and Cost-effectiveness Study has informed the Bangladesh NPAN2 (launched in August 2017) and the Afghanistan National Nutrition Plan (under development). Moreover, three SAFANSI-financed studies have informed the Nepal Multi Sector Nutrition Plan (MSNP, 2018- 2022), which are the Impact Evaluations of the Agriculture and Food Security Project (AFSP) and Sunaula Hazar Din (SHD), and Qualitative Assessment for SHD. Because SHD supported development and implementation of community-driven nutrition actions, its evaluations informed the MSNP implementation at community level. Through analytical works and innovative pilots, SAFANSI II has, with an investment of $4.22 million, leveraged about US$2.22 billion for 13 IDA or TF financed projects with a beneficiary outreach of 16.2 million (cumulative). The beneficiaries include pregnant and lactating mothers, children under 2 years old, and rural small farmers. These results substantially surpassed the targets of this reporting period (FY18 targets), which were to leverage US$2.1 billion by supporting 10 projects with an outreach of 15 million beneficiaries. In this reporting period, SAFANSI has contributed to development and implementation of four projects (three in agriculture and one in health). SAFANSI-II has, thus far, supported 17 peer reviewed studies, the majority of which have been produced by the India Social Observatory (SO) by analyzing household-level food and nutrition security (FNS) data collected over the last seven years. The SO papers have been cited 75 times. In this reporting period, SO has published two peer-reviewed studies, one of which analyzed food security and safety net in the context of climate change and disaster risk management in Odisha, India. Using data collected through its Participatory Tracking (P-Tracking) from national and state rural livelihoods development projects in India, SO has, thus far, published 10 peer reviewed studies under the Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series. The India Improved Nutrition Through Milk Micronutrient Fortification has leveraged a partnership with Tata Trusts and dairy producer companies across India. Tata Trusts subsidizes fortificants (vitamins) to selected companies and milk federations for one year. The business model has supported five companies and federations to produce 100,000 metric tons of fortified milk, which was consumed by 2 million people in four states. The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) organized a technical launch workshop on milk and milk product fortification, in which more than 70 Milk Federations, Dairy Producer Companies, and Milk Unions participated. 15 Expressions of Interest have been approved during this reporting period. Focusing on adolescent girls’ nutrition, the Bangladesh Capacity Development in Nutrition Surveillance and Research has formed a policy platform with the Scale-up Nutrition (SUN) network iv     and is developing multi-sectoral nutrition action plans. Using the dietary and anthropometric data collected by EU-financed Food Security Nutritional Surveillance Project (FSNSP) and the USAID-financed Project for Advancing the Health of Newborns and Mothers (PROJAHNMO),1 the SAFANSI-financed project analyzed adolescent girls’ nutrition, including seasonal and socioeconomic dynamics and gender norms in coping food shortage. A policy brief, including a multi-sectoral nutrition action plan, will be finalized in the next reporting period. SAFANSI-II continued to pay special attention to women and children in underserved areas, including Northeastern states in India, indigenous groups in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), and Estate Sector in Sri Lanka. It also shed light on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) among urban working mothers. The India Technical Support to Cross-sectoral Work on Nutrition in the North East completed a qualitative study in Nagaland. The findings will be fed into an impact evaluation for the IDA- financed Nagaland Health Project. Focusing on 1,000-day window, the Bangladesh ICT for Better Nutrition Outcomes in CHT has produced five nutrition awareness videos in indigenous languages and trained 2,120 community members, 67 percent of whom were women and about 10 to 15 percent of whom were children. In Estate Sector in Sri Lanka, the Nutrition Positive Deviance Analysis also supports a qualitative study to identify successful adaptive behaviors that could be scaled up in the area. In addition, the Addressing Critical Failures of IYCF in South Asia focuses on urban working mothers in Colombo and Delhi to understand constraints, such as access to child care, in particular, among newly arrived migrant families from rural villages. In Nepal and Sri Lanka, SAFANSI has supported nutrition interventions delivered by agriculture projects, which primarily focus on increase in production, productivity, market access, and rural income. The interventions by the Agriculture and Food Security Project (AFSP) in Nepal was assessed by the Impact Evaluation for AFSP, which informed design of the follow-on project and IDA-financed livestock support project. The Improving Nutrition through Modernizing Agriculture in Sri Lanka (INMAS) aims to incorporate nutrition activities in agriculture projects by building on the lessons learned from the SAFANSI-supported Integrating Nutrition Promotion and Rural Development Project (INPARD), which supported community-based institutions in implementing health and nutrition activities in coordination with multi-sectoral government stakeholders. It will assess how the INPARD model could be replicated in large agriculture projects. Communication and knowledge dissemination remain strong among SAFANSI-II financed projects. During this reporting period, SAFANSI content reached 4,840,752 people in South Asia through 30 Facebook posts, while 312,782 people engaged actively in SAFANSI stories. SAFANSI-supported projects developed and disseminated 13 new FNS communication products, including 3 podcasts by India SO. There also were 16 in-country, regional, and international dissemination events, with over 800 government officials, donor agencies, and practitioners in and outside of the Bank in attendance. The implementation progress of SAFANSI-II financed projects is overall satisfactory, and it is expected that SAFANSI-II will meet its development objectives by its closure, i.e., September 30, 2019. Looking forward to the SAFANSI work program for the next year (2018 – 2019), the following four areas have been identified as priorities: (a) communications and knowledge sharing, (b) retrospective stocktaking, (c) the future of SAFANSI, and (d) new and innovative partnerships, including private sector. 1 Both projects were closed. v     Overview of SAFANSI Program The South Asia Food and Nutrition Security Initiative (SAFANSI) was conceived at a joint World Bank- DFID South Asia Heads of Agency meeting in 2008 and established in 2010 to address the South Asian Enigma—how chronic malnutrition remains intractable despite high economic growth—by fostering the crosscutting actions that will lead to measurable improvements in food and nutrition security (FNS).2 The program was created as a targeted step to advance the FNS agenda and foster intersectoral action in the countries of the South Asia region (SAR). Phase I of SAFANSI was implemented from 2010 to 2015. Over the course of implementation, promotion of the FNS agenda in SAR evolved to the forefront of policy and decision makers. This was made possible through consistent engagement on FNS through SAFANSI and its development partners by supporting awareness raising, facilitating cross-cutting collaboration between sectors and diverse stakeholders, providing funding to support applied research and FNS programs, and by maintaining good technical efficiency. Since 2010 the FNS agenda gained in importance with many countries in the region adopting nutrition frameworks or national action plans in the last several years. At the close of SAFANSI Phase I in September 2015, the Program had played a catalyst role in driving the FNS agenda among countries in the region and in enhancing FNS sensitivity within the World Bank work program in SAR. However, much remains to be done to raise awareness and advocacy, build capacity and stimulate behavior change to increase food and nutrition security in the region. The second phase of the SAFANSI Program, which became effective in December 2014, builds on the success and lessons from the first phase to further the FNS agenda. Program Objective The objective of the South Asia Food and Nutrition Security Initiative Phase II (SAFANSI II) Trust Fund is to improve FNS for individuals and communities in South Asia through a strengthened commitment and increased capacity for more effective and integrated FNS actions across South Asia. SAFANSI funding can be used to finance Bank-executed or recipient-executed activities in any of the countries of the South Asia Region (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) or regional activities, covering two or more SAR countries. The sectors and themes supported by SAFANSI are: (i) agriculture (including livestock, fishing, and forestry); (ii) water supply and sanitation; (iii) health; (iv) social safety nets; (v) health, nutrition, and population; (vi) rural policies and institutions; (vii) public administration; (viii) information and communications; and (ix) regional integration. 2 SAFANSI is a multi-donor trust fund administered by the World Bank. As Trustee and Administrator, the World Bank is responsible for program development, implementation, and monitoring & evaluation. Phase II of SAFANSI is financed by DFID and the European Commission. 1      All activities funded through SAFANSI should be demand-driven and aligned with at least one of its four strategic pillars: Pillar 2: Enhanced  Pillar 1: Improved  Pillar 3: Building Systems  Pillar 4: Fostering  Awareness and  Evidence and Analysis and Capacity Innovations Commitment Creating the  Increasing  institutions and  Knowledge of what  awareness of the  processes that will  Creating space to  works and why to  problems and  help countries  try new solutions  establish focus  potential solutions  better address food  that can work at  areas for  among critical  security and  the grassroots and  programming and  audiences within  nutritional  beyond.   policies the region.  challenges in a  sustainable way.  The key principles identified for program success include: • promoting political leadership and stewardship for FNS outcomes; • ensuring nutrition outcomes are central to regional and country food security policy and programming; • promoting an inter-disciplinary, inter-ministerial and cross-sectoral approach; • building strong partnership among various players working on nutrition, safety nets, and food security; • adding value to existing country and regional efforts; • encouraging coherence and coordination among countries and among development agencies on necessary actions; • focusing on actionable research (what works and what does not); and • prioritizing action to tackle gender inequality and social exclusion. SAFANSI aims to complement and supplement other initiatives in the region by adding value to on-going efforts and seeking to exploit gaps or overlooked opportunities to strengthen the FNS agenda and its operationalization. In consultation with donors, the following strategic gaps were identified as priorities for financing from SAFANSI. 1. Research on critical delivery and behavioral failures. While evidence is growing, more high- quality research is needed to credibly identify the precise nature of “delivery failures” and household “behavioral failures”. Such research should shed light on heterogeneity and dynamics, recognizing that the extent to which failures and their underlying drivers matters varies over space and time, even in small geographic areas and within communities and over short periods in rapidly- changing societies. Strong formative research would then inform intervention design. 2. Innovations. In line with the focus of Pillar 4 “Fostering Innovation”, a strategic priority is the testing of innovations to address public service delivery or market delivery bottlenecks and barriers to household take-up of nutrition-enhancing services. 3. Data and Capacity Building. The quality of the descriptive and evaluation research on FNS depends on the extent to which appropriate, rigorous empirical methods are applied to credible, rich, and relevant data. One of the critical gaps identified is the lack of adequate information on 2     government expenditures on nutrition through multi-sectoral interventions. There is limited capacity and there are no tracking systems in place to collect such data. A key priority is to start undertaking Public Expenditure Reviews to track nutrition spending, develop guidance notes, and strengthen government capacity for data collection. Governance Structure 3 The SAFANSI governance structure consists of a Donor Committee (DC), Steering Committee (SC), Technical Review Panel (TRP), and a Secretariat. • The DC includes a representative from each donor and the World Bank represented by the SAFANSI Program Manager. The DC meets twice a year, virtually or in person, to provide strategic guidance to the SAFANSI program, and review the overall progress of activities and implementation of the Trust Fund. • The SC comprises representatives from the World Bank South Asia region, relevant Global Practices, and country management units in the region. The role of the SC is to provide integral oversight over the SAFANSI program and decide on the allocation of funding from the trust fund. The inclusion of country management unit representatives on the SC helps ensure that country units are brought into the discussion of nutrition as a priority development issue, and that SAFANSI grants align and support country priorities. • The SAFANSI Secretariat comprises a Program Manager, a Program Coordinator, an operations support team and a communications team. The Secretariat is responsible for the day- to-day management and administration of the trust fund. • A TRP comprising experts from the sector specializations and a representative from the South Asia Region Chief Economist’s office is convened when needed to provide technical advice on funding proposals and screen proposals based on alignment with the SAFANSI objectives and principles. This annual report covers the period April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. During the reporting period, SAFANSI undertook a strategically managed call for proposals between February and March 2018. Two virtual Steering Committee meetings were held in May and June 2018. As in the case of the 2017 Annual Report, the reporting structure reflects recommendations made by and agreed with donor partners during earlier Donor Committee meetings, and, as a result, may not perfectly reflect the reporting outline provided in the donor administration agreements (AA). The results framework also departs significantly from the indicative results outlined in the AA. The current Results Framework was developed in 2017 through extensive discussion with donor partners, and adopted and approved by the Donor Committee (see Annex 4). 3 The SAFANSI Governance Structure is described in the Operations Manual, which was developed in consultation with, and approved by the Donor Committee on April 1, 2015. 3     Trust Fund Financial Status As of March 31, 2018, the European Commission (EC) and UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) commitments were equivalent to just over $26.5 million to SAFANSI II. Total donor payments received amount to $12.2 million into two Trustee accounts (TF072171 and TF072731)4. In September 2016, DFID notified the World Bank that they would be withdrawing their participation in the SAFANSI Program with effect from November 15, 2017; and that the remaining unpaid balance of their contribution (£9.7 million or $12.7 million equivalent) would be cancelled (see Table 1 for details). Table 1: SAFANSI Contribution Details   Contribution  Contribution  Funds  Unpaid  Agreement  Amount per  Donor  Amount (USD  Received to  Contribution  Sign Date  countersigned  eq.)  date (USD5)  (USD eq.)  Agreement  TF072171  DfID  12/04/14  GBP 12,600,000  17,192,990  4,458,830  12,734,160    EC  07/29/14  EUR   7,500,000  8,426,141  6,944,017  1,482,124  TF072731  DfID  11/24/16  USD      866,457  866,457  866,457  0    Total      26,485,588  12,269,304  14,216,284  In keeping with the terms of the contribution agreement for TF072171, the Bank charges a 2% administrative fee for its central units to establish and maintain the SAFANSI II MDTF. This amount is deducted upon receipt of donor payments. In addition, the World Bank earned investment income on undisbursed MDTF funds in the amount of US $213,363 as of March 31, 2018 (see Table 2). Accounting for deposits from contributing donors, the administrative fee, as well as investment income, a total of US$11,388,154 has been deposited into the trustee account for SAFANSI II (see Table 2). Table 2: Donor Payments Received for TF072171 Receipt Date  Paid‐in Contribution Currency  Paid in USD  12/18/14   GBP 1,400,000.00  2,187,080.00  02/12/15  EUR 3,750,000.00  4,281,412.50  12/09/15   GBP    875,000.00  1,325,187.50  12/09/15  GBP    625,000.00  946,562.50  03/17/17  EUR 2,475,000.00  2,662,605.00  Sub‐total    11,402,847.50  (‐) Administrative Fee (2%)    228,056.95  (+) Investment Income    213,363.69  Total funds deposited in trustee account (USD)  11,388,154.24  For TF072731, investment income in the amount of $13,979 was earned as of March 31, 2018, resulting in a balance of $880,437 (see Table 3). There is no administrative fee charged on contributions to the parallel Trustee Fund. 4 Due to a change in the World Bank Trust Fund cost recovery policy that came into effect on July 1, 2015, DFID’s supplemental contribution of $866,457 was received into a parallel Trustee Fund (TF072731). The terms of the parallel Trustee Fund are the same as for the original Trustee Fund (TF072171), except for the cost recovery policy. 5 Exchange rate is based on the actual value date of receipt of funds. Source: World Bank. 4     Table 3: Donor Payments Received for TF072731 Receipt Date  Paid‐in Contribution Currency  Paid in USD  11/24/16   USD 866,457.42  866,457.42  Sub‐total    866,457.42  (+) Investment Income*    13,979.97  Total funds deposited in trustee account (USD)  880,437.39  The total funds deposited into both trustee funds (TF072171 and TF072731) is $12,268,591.63 A final payment from the EC in the amount of €1.275 million is expected to be called with the submission of this report. Of the total amount received, $11.1 million was allocated, and $5.2 million disbursed by March 31, 2018. Shortly after the end of the reporting period, $2.7 million was tentatively allocated following a fourth call for proposals (see Table 4). Some of these activities will only be formally committed in the Bank’s system following receipt of the EC’s final payment, as Bank-executed grants are dependent on available cash, hence the negative amount of funds available in Section E, below. Table 4: Summary of Financial Status A. SAFANSI Fund Balance  USD  TF072171    11,388,154.24  TF072731    880,437.39      12,268,591.63        B. Approved Activities      6 Program Management Fee (5%)    613,465   SAFANSI Communication Activities    600,000  Project Funds Approved  8,300,725  JIT Funding Approved  380,000  Commissioned Pieces (PER, Regional Nutrition Study, Stocktaking Report)  1,200,000  Total Funding Approved   11,094,190      C. Commitments ‐ Fourth Call for Proposals Tentative Allocations  2,679,603      D. Cancelled Commitments  225,000      E. Funds Available for Allocation [F = (A) – (B) – (C) + (D)]  ‐1,280,201      F. Disbursements7  5,169,764    SAFANSI Portfolio During the reporting period, SAFANSI had an active8 portfolio of 23 activities and 4 just-in-time tasks, for a total of $9.4 million (see Tables 5 + 6, and Annex 1). One project, the Tamil Nadu Nutrition House Pilot, was canceled prior to activation, over the reporting period. For a full list of active and closed SAFANSI II grants, see Annex 3.  6 This amount represents 5% of the total donor payments received to date. 7 Disbursement details are shown in the SAFANSI portfolio section of the report. 8 The active portfolio does not include grants that closed prior to the reporting period or tentative allocations approved during the fourth call for proposals. 5     Table 5: SAFANSI Portfolio (April 2017 - March 2018) (USD) Location /  SAFANSI  Disburse Balance  No.   Title  GP  Country  Funding  ments*  Available  Impact Evaluations of the Agricultural and  Food Security Project (AFSP) and Sunaula  Development  TF0A0635  Nepal  988,000  861,954  126,046  Hazar Din (SHD) Community Action for  Economics  Nutrition Project   Burden of Malnutrition for the States of  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A1098  Uttar Pradesh, Nagaland, Uttarakhand,  India  502,000  501,623  377  Population  and Meghalaya (Phase I)  Integrating Nutrition Promotion and Rural  TF0A1146  Sri Lanka  Agriculture  198,000  196,669  1,331  Development (INPARD) Sri Lanka  Social Observatory: Catalyzing Improved  Development  TF0A1325  Implementation in Projects to Improve  India  1,000,000  759,870  240,130  Economics  Food and Nutrition Security  Qualitative Assessment and Knowledge  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A1374  Enhancement of Community‐Driven  Nepal  300,000  265,551  34,449  Population  Nutrition Project in Nepal   Costing and Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A2323  Scaling up Nutrition‐related Interventions  Regional  400,000  351,920  48,080  Population  in the South Asia Region  Technical support to cross‐sectoral work  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A2780  India  500,000  86,136  413,864  on nutrition the North East of India  Population  Leveraging information technology to  TF0A3110  achieve better nutritional outcomes in the  Bangladesh  Agriculture  270,000  112,801  157,199  Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh  Bangladesh Capacity Development in  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A3672  Bangladesh  250,000  89,466  160,534  Nutrition Surveillance and Research  Population  Capacity development and communication  TF0A3887  for improved nutrition outcomes in rural  Bhutan  Agriculture  300,000  67,329  232,671  households  Improved Nutrition through Milk  Micronutrient Fortification ‐‐ testing the  TF0A4103  India  Agriculture  451,000  235,035  215,965  Business Case under the National Dairy  Support Project, India (P107648)  Design and Piloting of Conditional Cash  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A4384  Transfers for Maternal and Child Health  India  250,000  0  250,000  Population  and Nutrition in Madhya Pradesh (India)  Learning from “champions”: Qualitative  study on infant and young child feeding  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A5051   Sri Lanka  125,000  38,725  86,275  and caring practices in Sri Lanka’s estate  Population  sector  Background analytical outputs for the  Agriculture/HNP/  TF0A5366  regional undernutrition report: Ending  Regional  500,000  257,724  242,276  Water  Nutrition in South Asia  Adolescent Nutrition in Pakistan:  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A5674  Identifying Opportunities and Setting  Pakistan  267,800  21,088  246,712  Population  Priorities  Enterprise Development for Nutrition and  TF0A5734  India  Agriculture  355,000  37,021  317,979  Sanitation in Bihar  Addressing Critical Failures of Infant and  Health, Nutrition &  TF0A5836  Regional  325,925  17,284  308,641  Young Child Nutrition in South Asia  Population  6     Location /  SAFANSI  Disburse Balance  No.   Title  GP  Country  Funding  ments*  Available  Improving Nutrition through Modernizing  TF0A5987  Sri Lanka  Agriculture  400,000  20,894  379,106  Agriculture in Sri Lanka (INMAS)  Technical design support for nutrition  Social Protection  TF0A6660  focused Conditional Cash Transfer pilot in  Pakistan  424,000  41,817  382,183  and Labor  Punjab  TF0A6692  Tracking Nutrition Expenditure in Pakistan  Pakistan  Multi‐sector  500,000  0  500,000  TF0A7232  SAFANSI Retrospective  Regional  Agriculture  200,000  0  200,000  Nutrition Parliament: Parliamentarians and  Health, Nutrition &  Pending  India  270,000  0  270,000  State Legislators for Collective Action  Population  Pending  Public Expenditure Review   Regional  Multi‐sector  500,000  0  500,000  TOTAL            9,276,725  3,962,907  5,313,818  *Represents total disbursements over life of grant.  As a knowledge Bank, the World Bank has long been respected for the quality of its analytic and advisory work, and there are cases where the nature of our engagement is more programmatic and conducted over several fiscal years with multiple knowledge products. In other cases, a quick response is needed to meet a just‐in‐time (JIT) request. Therefore, in addition to the regular Calls for Proposals, to enhance the capacity of the Trust Fund to rapidly and flexibly respond to funding needs, SAFANSI includes a Just-in-Time Response window. This window serves to finance micro grants for technical assistance, seminars, training and other support services executed by the World Bank. Requests for just-in-time grants can be submitted to the Secretariat on a rolling basis and are approved by the SAFANSI Program Manager with the endorsement from the relevant Practice Manager and the Country Management Unit (CMU) for country- specific activities. Funds allocated to JIT programs cannot exceed $50,000 and must be completed within 8 months (Table 6). Table 6: SAFANSI Just in Time (JIT) Activities (April 2017 - March 2018 (USD) Location /  SAFANSI  Disburse Balance  No.   Title  GP  Country  Funding  ments  Available  Bangladesh: Can Conditional Cash Transfers  Social  TF0A3566  improve child nutrition and cognitive  Bangladesh  Protection  50,000  44,031  5,969  development project.  and Labor  Bhutan Food Security and Agriculture  TF0A3584  Bhutan  Agriculture  30,000  28,526  1,474  Project  Social  Tackling Malnutrition: The story of  TF0A5601  Bangladesh  Protection  50,000  27,951  22,049  community clinics in Bangladesh  and Labor  Agriculture/ TF0A7231  SAFANSI Colombo Roundtable 2018  Regional  50,000  8,380  41,620  HNP   TOTAL            180,000  108,888  71,112  In terms of grant distribution and allocation by country, India continues to receive the largest share of funding (35 percent), followed by regional activities (21 percent), Nepal (14 percent), and Pakistan (13 percent). Compared to the previous reporting period, the increase in the allocations of Regional activities 7     are substantial (7 percent of total allocations in 2017/18). No funding had been allocated to Afghanistan9 or Maldives as of the end of March (see Figures 1 and 2 below. Also detailed in Annex 3). Figure 1: % Allocaitons by Country Figure 2: Amounts by Country 3500000 3,327,000 0% 3% 21% 7% 3000000 2500000 8% 35% 1,975,925 2000000 13% 1500000 1,288,000 1,191,800 14% 1000000 723,000 620,000 500000 330,000 0% 0 0 0 Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Regional Out of 27 approved activities, 10 projects are led by Health, Nutrition, and Population Global Practice (GP), while eight were led by the Agriculture GP. In terms of allocations, 34 percent of funds are allocated to the Health, followed by Agriculture (23 percent) and Development Economics (21 percent). The two projects implemented by the Development Economics are impact evaluations of several agriculture projects and a health project, thus, the amounts tend to be large due to the volume of coverage (See Figures 3 and 4 below. Also detailed in Annex 3). Figure 3: % Allocations by Sector Figure 4: Amounts by Sector 3,500,000 3,190,725 3,000,000 16% 34% 2,203,000 2,500,000 1,988,000 21% 2,000,000 1,550,000 1,500,000 23% 1,000,000 524,000 500,000 6% 0 Health, Nutrition & Population Agriculture Social Protection and Labor Development Economics Multi‐sector 9 Afghanistan, however, benefits from one of Regional activities, the Regional Costing and Cost-effectiveness Study, which focuses on Afghanistan and Bangladesh. 8     In addition, the trust fund supports other non-project activities including the SAFANSI Secretariat, program management and administration (PM&A), and communications activities. The Secretariat and PM&A grants combined, represent the 5% program management fee10 specified in each donor’s Administration Agreement. The communications strategy grant includes implementation of communications activities and these are discussed in detail in subsequent sections. The disbursement status for each grant is indicated below in Table 7. Table 7: Other Non-Project Activities Location /  SAFANSI  Disburs Balance  No.   Title  GP  Country  Funding  ements  Available  TF0A1187  SAFANSI Secretariat  Regional  Agriculture/HNP  222,012  154,662  67,350  TF0A1473  Communications Strategy  Regional  Agriculture/HNP  600,000  563,325  36,675  SAFANSI Program Management  TF0A2872  Regional  Agriculture/HNP  215,000  181,763  33,237  and Administration   TOTAL         1,037,012  899,750  137,262  Program Outputs and Results SAFANSI-II has informed seven food and nutrition policies thus far, four of which focus on the 1,000- day window (cumulative). In this reporting period, the first contribution was made to the development of national multi-sectoral nutrition budget as a part of the Bangladesh Second National Action Plan for Nutrition (NPAN2). The Regional Costing and Cost-effectiveness Study has informed the Bangladesh NPAN2 (launched in August 2017) and the Afghanistan National Nutrition Plan (under development). In Bangladesh, the key study findings include that an annual allocation of about US$53.7 million for key nutrition interventions in 10 years would scale up the coverage to 90 percent of the country and prevent almost 50,000 deaths and over 500,000 cases of stunting in children under five years of age. These gains would translate into increases in economic productivity worth about US$5.6 billion over the productive lives of the children who would benefit from the nutrition interventions (detailed in the Box 1). Moreover, three SAFANSI-financed studies have informed the Nepal Multi Sector Nutrition Plan (MSNP, 2018-2022), which are the Impact Evaluations of the Agriculture and Food Security Project (AFSP) and Sunaula Hazar Din (SHD), and Qualitative Assessment for SHD. Because SHD supported development and implementation of community-driven nutrition actions, its evaluations informed the MSNP implementation at community level. While these are substantial achievements, including SAFANSI’s first support to develop a comprehensive national multi-sectoral nutrition budget, the achievements towards targets for this reporting period (FY18 targets) represent 50 percent of the budgetary target and about 60 and 50 percent the policy targets.11 There, however, are promising pipeline projects in investing in early years (IEY) that would inform IEY policies or programs in several countries. These projects would likely fill the gaps by SAFANSI-II closure in September 2019. 10 As indicated in Footnote 6, 5% of the total payments received to date have been ringfenced, however, funding is allocated to the grants on an as needed basis, hence the lower amounts indicated for Secretariat and PM&A budgets. 11 The FY18 targets were to support development of 2 national or sub-national comprehensive multi-sectoral nutrition budgets and 12 food and nutrition policies, 8 of which focus on the 1,000-day window (detailed in Annex xx. Results Framework). 9     Box 1. Bangladesh Costing and Cost-effectiveness Study In Bangladesh, under the Second National Plan of Action on Nutrition (NPAN2), the total public investment needed to implement key nutrition interventions, including provision of nutrition supplement, therapeutic and supplemental food, and fortified food, is estimated to be US$536.9 million over the next 10 years (or about US$53.7 million annually). This includes US$152.8 million to maintain the current coverage of the intervention and an additional US$384.8 million to expand their coverage gradually to reach 90% over 10 years. Expanding coverage of the interventions would result in preventing almost 50,000 deaths and over 500,000 cases of stunting in children under five years of age and in averting over 860,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)12. Those gains would translate into increases in economic productivity worth about US$5.6 billion over the productive lives of the children who benefited from the interventions. The benefit-cost ratio would be 20.5, which means that every dollar invested in nutrition would bring in over 20 dollars in economic benefits. The project financed a consultant who worked with the Sectoral Committee 1 to formulate the 1st strategic axis of the plan (nutrition specific interventions). The economic analysis work provided inputs regarding the cost of implementing NPAN2. NPAN2 was launched in August 2017 by the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasin, and the study findings were fed into. It is a major policy milestone, as it incorporates multisectoral nutrition and nutrition security in updating the previous Plan dating back to 1996, which focused largely on food security. This study was peer reviewed and has been shared with 40 in-country stakeholders. It will be widely published in FY1913. Through analytical works and innovative pilots, SAFANSI has, with an investment of US$4.22 million, leveraged about US$2.22 billion for 13 IDA or TF financed projects with a beneficiary outreach of 16.2 million (cumulative). The beneficiaries include pregnant and lactating mothers, children under 2 years old, and rural small farmers. These results substantially surpassed the FY18 targets, which were to leverage US$2.1 billion by supporting 10 projects with an outreach of 15 million beneficiaries. In this reporting period, SAFANSI has contributed to development and implementation of four projects (three in agriculture and one in health) as follows: Table 8: SAFANSI grants leveraging Bank-financed projects Country SAFANSI Grant IDA or Trust Fund Financed Note Project SAFANSI Support Bank Project Total No. of Project Cost Benefic ($ mil) iaries* Bhutan Capacity Behavioral Change Bhutan Food 8 52,000 Financed by development for Communication Security and Global Food improved (BCC) towards Agriculture Security and nutrition pregnant and Productivity Agriculture outcomes nursing mothers 12 A DALY is equivalent to a year of healthy life lost due to a health condition. The DALY, developed in 1993 by the World Bank, combines the years of life lost from a disease (YLL) and the years of life lived with disability from the disease (YLD). 13 The estimates of the cost of scaling up nutrition-specific intervention included in NPAN2 are taken directly from the project’s estimates. The estimate in the report corresponds with the “Health Urban Health” subheading line under the “Nutrition Specific” heading in Table 4 on p. 66. The details of that sub-heading (cost by intervention) are presented in the NPAN2 in Annex 5, Table 5a. 10     Country SAFANSI Grant IDA or Trust Fund Financed Note Project SAFANSI Support Bank Project Total No. of Project Cost Benefic ($ mil) iaries* Food Security and Study tour to Nepal Project Program Agriculture (Just in Time) (FSAPP) (GAFSP) Project India Technical support Impact evaluation Nagaland 48 1.18 IDA financed to cross-sectoral (qualitative and Health Project million work on nutrition quantitative surveys) in the North East Nepal Impact Impact evaluations Food and 22.7 65,000 AFSP follow- Evaluations of the for AFSP (GAFSP Nutrition on project Agriculture and financed) and SHD Security (also financed Food Security (IDA financed) Enhancement by GAFSP) Project (AFSP) Project and Sunaula Livestock 80 200,000 IDA financed Hazar Din (SHD) Sector Community Innovation Action for Project Nutrition Project Sri Improving Study to incorporate Agriculture 125 110,000 IDA financed. Lanka Nutrition through multi-sectoral Sector The project Modernizing nutrition Modernization has also been Agriculture in Sri interventions in a Project informed by Lanka (INMAS) large agriculture INPARD. project Total 5 projects $2.22** 1.6 billion million *as indicated in project appraisal documents **This does NOT include Sri Lanka Agriculture Sector Modernization Project, which was already accounted for in FY16 achievement (informed by INPARD). SAFANSI-II has, thus far, supported 17 peer reviewed studies, majority of which have been produced by the India Social Observatory (SO) by analyzing household-level FNS data collected over the last seven years. The SO papers have been cited 75 times14. In this reporting period, SO has published two peer-reviewed studies, one of which analyze food security and safety net in the context of climate change and disaster risk management in Odisha, by comparing women who participate in the livelihoods program vs who do not (detailed in Box 2). Using data collected through its Participatory Tracking (P-Tracking) from national and state rural livelihoods development projects in India, SO has, thus far, published 10 peer reviewed studies under the Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series. Despite SO’s substantial contributions, the FY18 cumulative target of 27 peer reviewed studies has not been met. There, however, are several promising studies in the next reporting period, including the Regional Undernutrition Report. Box 2. India Social Observatory (SO) “Safety nets and natural disaster mitigation: evidence from cyclone Phailin in Odisha” This study addresses to what degree vulnerability to extreme weather events can be mitigated by access to a rural livelihoods program, particularly with regard to the impacts on women. It looks at a natural experiment arising from two independent but overlapping sources of variation: exposure to a devastating 14 According to Google Scholar 11     cyclone that occurred in the Bay of Bengal region of India and the staggered rollout of a rural livelihoods intervention. Comparisons from household surveys across communities more or less exposed to the storm before and after the introduction of the program reveal that the storm led to significant reductions in overall household expenditure, and that these reductions were indeed the largest for women, adding to the emerging evidence for the frequently-posed hypothesis that women bear the brunt of the effects of disasters on overall household consumption. Participation in the livelihoods program mitigated some of the reductions in household nonfood expenditure and women's consumption, but not on food expenditure. These results from a densely populated region whose topography makes it particularly vulnerable to storms can inform future policy approaches and aid in modeling the impact of these policies on the effects of climate change. The paper has been published under the Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series (link available in the Annex 5). The India Improved Nutrition Through Milk Micronutrient Fortification has leveraged a partnership with Tata Trusts and dairy producer companies across India. Tata Trusts subsidizes fortificants (vitamins) to selected companies and milk federations for one year. The business model has supported five companies and federations to produce 100,000 metric tons of fortified milk, which was consumed by 2 million people in four states. The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) organized a technical launch workshop on milk and milk product fortification, which was participated by more than 70 Milk Federations, Dairy Producer Companies, and Milk Unions. 15 Expressions of Interest have been approved during this reporting period. In the next reporting period, some disaggregated data are expected to be available on users (gender, age, etc.), including level of their satisfaction. Meanwhile, at community level, the India Enterprise Development for Nutrition and Sanitation is to develop micro or small enterprises of self-help group (SHG) members to deliver such services to rural poor in Bihar. Focusing on adolescent girls’ nutrition, the Bangladesh Capacity Development in Nutrition Surveillance and Research has formed a policy platform with the Scale-up Nutrition (SUN) network and is developing multi-sectoral nutrition action plans. Using the dietary and anthropometric data collected by EU-financed Food Security Nutritional Surveillance Project (FSNSP) and the USAID-financed Project for Advancing the Health of Newborns and Mothers (PROJAHNMO),15 the SAFANSI-financed project analyzed adolescent girls’ nutrition, including seasonal and socioeconomic dynamics and gender norms in coping food shortage. A policy brief, including a multi-sectoral nutrition action plan, will be finalized in the next reporting period. Similarly, the Adolescent Nutrition in Pakistan is also developing a policy and program options to improve adolescent nutrition in Pakistan. SAFANSI-II continued to pay special attention to women and children in underserved areas, including Northeastern states in India, indigenous groups in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), and Estate Sector in Sri Lanka. It also is to shed light to infant and young child feeding (IYCF) among urban working mothers. The India Technical Support to Cross-sectoral Work on Nutrition in the North East completed a qualitative study in Nagaland. The preliminary findings suggested that communities in Noklak and Jalukie areas were not consuming an adequately protein-rich diet, especially among pregnant women and young infants. The importance of hygienic surroundings for improving health was realized by communities, and several initiatives had been taken for improving cleanliness, and constructing better toilet facilities in the villages. The awareness about symptoms and consequences of anaemia and malnutrition was lacking among community members as well as frontline workers. The knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding for a duration of six months was not prevalent among most respondents as they reported feeding the infant water along with breast milk. In general, specific services for nutrition were low in quantity and the convergence between health and nutrition government departments in planning and implementing them was often lacking. These findings will be fed into an impact evaluation for the IDA- financed Nagaland Health Project. A quantitative survey is planned during the next reporting period. 15 Both projects were closed. 12     Focusing on 1,000-day window, the Bangladesh ICT for Better Nutrition Outcomes in CHT has produced five nutrition awareness videos in indigenous languages and trained 2,120 community members, 67 percent of whom were women and about 10 to 15 percent of whom were children. In Estate Sector in Sri Lanka, the Nutrition Positive Deviance Analysis also supports a qualitative study to identify successful adaptive behaviors that could be scaled up in the area. In addition, the Addressing Critical Failures of IYCF in South Asia focuses on urban working mothers in Columbo and Delhi to understand constraints, such as access to child care, in particular, among newly arrived migrant families from rural villages. In Nepal and Sri Lanka, SAFANSI has supported nutrition interventions delivered by agriculture projects, which primarily focus on increase in production, productivity, market access, and rural income. The interventions by the Agriculture and Food Security Project (AFSP) in Nepal was assessed by the Impact Evaluation for AFSP. There was a large increase in membership in ward-level health mothers’ groups (four times in AFSP and twice in control communities). Among pregnant and nursing mothers, there were increases in dietary diversity score (18 percent in AFSP vs. 13 percent in control) and maternal knowledge score (15 percent in AFSP vs. 12 percent in control).16 The impact evaluation informed design of the follow-on project and IDA-financed livestock support project (see Table 8). The study may also inform the SAFANSI-financed project in Sri Lanka, the Improving Nutrition through Modernizing Agriculture in Sri Lanka (INMAS). INMAS aims to incorporate nutrition activities in agriculture projects by building on the lessons learned from the SAFANSI-supported Integrating Nutrition Promotion and Rural Development Project (INPARD), which supported community-based institutions in implementing health and nutrition activities in coordination with multi-sectoral government stakeholders. It will assess how the INPARD model could be replicated in large agriculture projects. In social protection, SAFANSI is supporting to design nutrition focused conditional cash transfer (CCT) in Madhya Pradesh, India and Punjab, Pakistan. Both India Design and Piloting of Conditional Cash Transfers for Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Madhya Pradesh and Pakistan Technical Design Support for Nutrition Focused CCT Pilot in Punjab support the State Governments develop communication strategy and M&E tools. The Bangladesh Can Conditional Cash Transfers Improve Child Nutrition and Cognitive Development supported the design of impact evaluation for the IDA-financed Income Support Program for the Poorest (ISPP). Communications Activities In the last reporting period, the SAFANSI communications team focused on the development and dissemination of the findings and messages emerging from SAFANSI-sponsored activities by using media platforms most accessible to worldwide audiences. Donor Visibility In line with the SAFANSI Communications and Visibility Strategy, which was adopted by the Donor Committee in July 2015, all products financed by SAFANSI acknowledge the financial support of its donors, and each product includes disclaimer language indemnifying the financiers and the World Bank Group from the opinions expressed therein, per the agreement. SAFANSI strives to have a unified and distinctive look for its knowledge sharing and communications efforts, down to the visual elements such as colors, fonts and logotypes. At the center of this is the acknowledgement and recognition of SAFANSI’s partners, through the incorporation of partner logotypes as a core branding element of the SAFANSI visual identity, undertaken at every opportunity through the monthly Newsletter and email communications, the SAFANSI website and any promotion for events. 16 The IE also includes results on production and food security interventions (detailed in Annex 2). 13     Activities Online Presence  The team has continued to increase its online presence via the blog series online platform. Seven blogs were produced over the last year, including a feature story on the World Bank South Asia page (see Annex 5, section 4 for more information). The blogs chronicle various stages of program implementation from SAFANSI funds. SAFANSI’s engagement with its external audience remains robust and since the last reporting period, SAFANSI has had a 301% increase in reach, over 1800% increase in link clicks, and 17% increase in post clicks. During this reporting period the SAFANSI team has made a significant effort to invest in social media outreach that seems to be paying off. This year, SAFANSI content reached 4,840,752 in South Asia through 30  Facebook posts.   Further to this, 312,782 people engaged actively with SAFANSI stories, of which:     149,836 reacted to SAFANSI stories with a “Like”;   162,035 clicked the link to continue reading the stories on the SAFANSI website;   233 people commented on the SAFANSI stories; and   678 people shared the SAFANSI stories.   This number shows proactive engagement, and the sharing of content with friends and peers signals that the content has high relevance and that trust with the SAFANSI brand is established. The Communications Team relies heavily on social media and web promotion to reach government counterparts, collaborators and partners easily and at relatively little cost by leveraging our web presence and by ensuring that when research is finalized, it is disseminated quickly and through the relevant online channels (in addition to project-level dissemination activities). Per the results framework, SAFANSI II has also been tracking the number of unique, external downloads of SAFANSI publications and unique external visits to the SAFANSI website. Please see Output 1.3 of the Results Framework in Annex 4 for more detail.   Events  Other communication efforts include hosting or participating in events and forums that promote information sharing and dialogue about the most relevant food and nutrition topics across South Asia. SAFANSI held its first roundtable event in September 2017 in Kathmandu, Nepal, focusing on the topic of Government Action for Nutrition. Throughout the two days, guests collaborated on four primary areas: providing nutrition services at the subnational level, creating and tracking program budgets, coordinating among different sectors, and achieving behavior change among communities. Over 140 government representatives, civil society organizations and international donors convened to share their experience in designing and implementing nutrition programs. SAFANSI worked closely with the National Planning Commission of the Government of Nepal to host the event. SAFANSI’s Roundtable event series supports regional government-led efforts towards more integrated food and nutrition security actions, working with existing knowledge networks to develop a strong cadre of advocates, policy-makers, and practitioners. 14     Recognizing that nutrition is a multi-sectoral issue that requires high-level political support to successfully achieve the SDGs, the office of the Chief Executive of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and United Nations (FAO, UNICEF, WFP) signed a memorandum of understanding to establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism to improve food and nutrition security status of the people of the country. “The main function of the inter-ministerial committee will be to provide policy advice, oversight, and coordination amongst different ministries. Afghanistan is prioritizing to join the Global SUN movement under the multi-sectoral platform of Afghanistan Food Security and Nutrition (AFSeN) Agenda.” - H.E. Nasrullah Arsalai, Director General of the Council of Ministers, Chief Executive’s Office, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Mr. Arsali credited the SAFANSI event for inspiring Afghanistan to join the SUN Movement, which subsequently occurred on September 27, 2017. Two more roundtable events are planned for the next reporting period. The SAFANSI website now has a dedicated page for its events, which have the agendas and presentations from the Roundtable series (see right image). Additionally, on November 10-11, 2017, SAFANSI, together with the WHO, WFP, and UNICEF, sponsored the FAO high-level regional Asia and the Pacific Symposium on Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition held on November 10- 11, 2017 in Bangkok. SAFANSI helped to lead the discussion around food systems, healthy diets and nutrition—focal areas of much of SAFANSI’s work. Dhushyanth Raju, a member of the SAFANSI Steering Committee and a Lead Economist in the South Asia regional Office of the Chief Economist at the World Bank chaired the session “Aligning Economic and Regulatory Mechanisms for a Healthier Food Environment” which focused on agricultural policies, food prices, and their influence nutrition. It was also an opportunity to talk about the research SAFANSI is funding for the cost of the nutritious diet study, showing that the cost of a nutritious diet is not only much more seasonal, but also has been increasing faster than the cost of a typical food http://www.worldbank.org/safansi   basket in Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan. The session also highlighted the Dynamics of Rural Growth research, and that beyond taxation, a broader set of (the correct) agricultural policies can lead to better nutrition. Madhur Gautam, Lead Economist in the Agriculture GP, presented analysis from Bangladesh, which shows that policies promoting cereal 15     production (such as price support and subsidies) constrain the diversity of production and consumption, in turn leading to worse nutrition outcomes. Products  For this reporting period, communication and knowledge dissemination remain strong. During this reporting period, there were 14 new FNS communication products developed and disseminated, including 3 podcasts by India Social Observatory (SO). There also were 16 in-country, regional, and international dissemination events, participated by 800 government officials, donor agencies, and practitioners in and outside of the Bank. The SO products had additional 30,000 views in the reporting period. Other communication products include two videos on community clinics by Bangladesh Tackling Malnutrition: the Story of Community Clinics, which were widely disseminated in country and will also inform policy makers and practitioners in Pakistan and other countries. There were more than 20,000 viewers on TV, 25,000 views and 78 likes on Facebook Live, and 23,000 views on YouTube. The targets for communication and disseminations were either substantially met or surpassed. Please see Outputs 1.4 and 2.3 of the Results Framework in Annex 4 for more detail. Additional activities over the last reporting period focused on maintaining the structure for Knowledge Management and Communications to follow up with grant recipients to track deliverables coming in from phase 2. This included:  Maintaining the SAFANSI external website to disseminate curated and cleared grant products;  Sponsoring and/or planning and delivering dissemination events on SAFANSI issues and activities;  Managing an internal Factiva Newsfeed to provide regular media updates to the SAFANSI Core Team, Steering Committee, and SAFANSI task teams;  Documenting the international, regional, and national landscape of Food and Nutrition Security programs and agreements to increase the understanding of SAFANSI’s relative position and identify potential partnerships;  Continuing to work with partners such as the SecureNutrition platform and Food Security, Nutrition, Agriculture and Poverty (FSNAP) working group for cross-fertilization of ideas and cross-marketing of messages within and outside of the World Bank;  Creating or contributing to briefs and talking points for World Bank management on SAFANSI progress and FNS issues;  Preparing materials and logistics for SAFANSI operational meetings; and  Preparing communication materials on SAFANSI findings. A full list of publications and various knowledge products from the SAFANSI grants can be found in Annex 5. Moving forward, SAFANSI KM & Communications is planning 2 additional roundtable events and several additional workshops in the region that will seek to bring together client governments and donors to ensure better strategic alignment of programs that support nutrition, and to ultimately identify pathways for sustainable government support of nutrition outcomes through government programs. Program Risks The SAFANSI Risk Matrix was developed with and adopted by the Donor Committee (see Annex 6). The Risk Framework outlines the primary risks to the SAFANSI program and proposed mitigating measures. The risks are reviewed annually at the Donor Committee meeting, and the risk matrix updated accordingly. During this reporting period, the project implementation remained as the primary risks to the Program. 16     There were several new projects approved in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, and their implementation progress was mostly satisfactory. A few projects in India were required to adjust planned activities, due to lack of Government approval or change in implementing agency.17 The Tamil Nadu Nutrition House Pilot Project was canceled as a result of change in government. On the other hand, several regional studies were commissioned during this reporting period. Implementation for these studies tend to be delayed, as they require additional multisectoral and/or cross-country coordination. The emerging risks are on-time project completion with SAFANSI-II closing on September 30, 2019. Recently approved proposals were carefully reviewed to ensure that all planned activities can be completed by Program closure. Looking Forward With a just over 14 months remaining under SAFANSI II, the program has funded 31 activities, of which 21 are active, 8 are legally closed, and 2 are being activated. In addition, seven new proposals and six top- ups for existing grants were approved by the SAFANSI Steering Committee in June and July 2018, under a strategically managed call for proposals to fill gaps and maximize the impact of the funding. The new grants are expected to commence implementation in July 2018. With SAFANSI-II closing in September 2019, the Secretariat will be focused on ensuring that project implementation is on track to complete by Program closure. Looking forward at the SAFANSI work program for the next year (2018 – 2019), the following four areas have been identified as priorities:  Communications and Knowledge Sharing. The SAFANSI Secretariat will continue to maintain the program’s successful online presence through the SAFANSI website and social media outreach, the communications team will continue with a third regional roundtable that will seek to bring together client governments, donors, partner organizations and other stakeholders to facilitate exchange and advance strategic alignment of programs that support nutrition. This will be scheduled for the first half of 2019.  Retrospective. After 10 years of implementation, the SAFANSI Donor and Steering Committees have requested that a Retrospective be conducted to systematically and critically review the full set of activities financed by SAFANSI under both phases. This stocktaking will build on SAFANSI-II results and lessons learned to prepare for the Bank-proposed SAFANSI-III.  Future of SAFANSI. Since the establishment of SAFANSI in 2010, many countries in South Asia have adopted nutrition frameworks or national action plans, and extensive research and analysis has provided a growing evidence base to support FNS programs. However, despite this progress, the region continues to lag behind other developing countries on key undernutrition indicators. Much remains to be done to raise awareness and advocacy, build capacity and stimulate behavior change to increase food and nutrition security in the region. A Concept Note in support of the continuation of SAFANSI through a third Phase, would adopt new themes to address demographic changes and challenges seen in the last 5 years. This would, in part, be informed by the above- mentioned Retrospective, and, in consultation with development partners, be finalized in early 2019. In addition, going forward the Bank will continue to fill the research gaps through analytical work, and provide technical advisory services to build on the successes of SAFANSI I and II. 17 The India portfolio has innovative, feature projects, such as SO and Milk Fortification. However, the Technical Support on Nutrition in North East is focusing only on the State of Nagaland, as the Government did not approve the planned qualitative studies in Meghalaya and Assam. The implementation of the CCT Design and Pilot in Madhya Pradesh has been slow, due to the revision in scope and change in implementing agency at the state level. Nutrition Parliament is pending government approval. The implementation progress is detailed in Annex 2. 17      New and innovative partnerships. Future sustainability of SAFANSI will depend on the support of partners. In this regard, the SAFANSI Secretariat is already seeking and will continue to seek, new and innovative partnerships with non-traditional partners, including private sector, with a view to expanding MDTF participation. The SAFANSI Secretariat will continue to liaise with the donors through regular correspondence, check-in meetings and the annual Donor Committee meeting in the 2018-19 program implementation and the proposed SAFANSI-III preparation. 18     Annex 1: SAFANSI II Dashboard as of March 31, 2018 Table 1: Projects and Allocations by Country % of Total  Allocations by Country  No. of Projects  Total Funding  Approved  Afghanistan  0  0  0%  Bangladesh  4  620,000  7%  Bhutan  2  330,000  3%  India  7  3,328,000  35%  Maldives  0  0  0%  Nepal  2  1,288,000  14%  Pakistan  3  1,191,800  13%  Sri Lanka  3  723,000  8%  Regional  6  1,975,925  21%  TOTAL  27  9,456,725  100%  Table 2: Projects and Allocations by Sector % of Total  Allocations by Sector  No. of Projects  Total Funding  Approved  Health, Nutrition &  Population  10  3,190,725  34%  Agriculture  8  2,204,000  23%  Social Protection and Labor  3  524,000  6%  Development Economics  2  1,988,000  21%  Multi‐sector  4  1,550,000  16%  TOTAL  27  9,456,725  100%  19      Annex 2: Outputs and Results from SAFANSI Projects Details of active and completed projects, including outputs and outcomes, are summarized below. 1. Active Projects Project: Leveraging information technology to achieve better TF Number: TF0A3110 nutritional outcomes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Country: Bangladesh Grant amount: $300,000 ($220,000 original + $80,000 additional) Project duration: 2016 – 2018 TTL: Pushina Kunda Ng'andwe; Jamie Greenawalt Background and Objectives: The objective of this activity is to enhance knowledge and behavioral practices that improve the intake of nutritious foods among women of reproductive age and children under the age of 5 in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). This will be achieved by developing digital content through a participatory process involving community members to promote consumption of nutritious indigenous foods threatened by an increasing influx of nutritionally void packaged food products. Communities will be trained and mentored on general nutrition, healthy and nutritious food preparation and be provided with a platform to demonstrate, share and disseminate cooking videos using simple technology. These activities are expected to contribute to the promotion of readily available and accessible nutritious foods, inclusive of indigenous foods in the CHT area, that support a sustainable system for food and nutrition security in the area. Outputs: All planned activities were successfully completed. 12 staff received training on video production and 20 staff, including nine who received video production training, participated in the video dissemination training facilitated by Digital Green. A total of five nutrition awareness videos were produced in three indigenous languages, based on the findings from the gap analysis that was participated by the target communities. Key messages include supplementary food for children from six months of age; lactating mother's additional nutritious food and colostrum; pregnant mother care and nutrition; child disease and prevention; locally available nutritious food and healthy one dish meal cooking; available health care services for children and during pregnancy and lactation at local health centers, safe delivery, kitchen gardening and farming. The training with these videos was delivered to 2,120 community members, 67% of whom were women and about 10-15% of whom were children. Reportedly, some pregnant and lactating mothers, who participated in the nutrition sessions, are visiting nearby health centers for treatment, immunization, vitamin A, etc. for themselves and their children. In deepening the community awareness by creating and delivering additional nutrition videos, SAFANSI has provided additional $85,000 in March 2018. Project: Capacity Development in Nutrition Surveillance and TF Number: TF0A3672 Research Country: Bangladesh Grant amount: $250,000 Project duration: 2016 – 2019 TTL: Ziauddin Hyder Background and Objectives: This project supports the Government of Bangladesh in making evidence- based decision on multisectoral nutrition programming for adolescent girls through conducting research and dissemination of its findings. The proposed task will harness the latest evidence from two surveillance projects, namely the nationally representative Food Security Nutritional Surveillance Project (FSNSP, financed by EU) and the Project for Advancing the Health of Newborns and Mothers (PROJAHNMO, financed by USAID) from Sylhet. Outputs: A policy platform has been formed in collaboration with UNICEF, BRAC School of Public Health, and Shornokishoree Network Foundation. Comprehensive dietary and anthropometric data of adolescent girls have been gathered (source: Food Security and Nutrition Surveillance Project), analyzed, and disseminated to generate evidence and identify multisectoral policy actions in support of improving food and nutritional 20      security of adolescent girls in Bangladesh. The data has been analyzed to: (i) identify trends in adolescent girls’ nutritional status; (ii) understand the geographic, seasonal and socio-economic distribution of adolescent undernutrition and their recent dynamics; (iii) understand the risk/protective factors for adolescent undernutrition and their relative contribution to the odds of nutritional shortfall in adolescent girls; (iv) understand gender norms in food-shortage-coping strategies and their effect on adolescent girls’ nutrition; and (v) determine trends in dietary diversity among adolescent girls and their correlates/predictors. There were three dissemination events participated by more than 200 government officials, development partners, civil society, academia, and media. Two technical workshops were to share preliminary analytical findings with a broader group of researchers and relevant civil servants. A high level policy roundtable were to discuss policy implications of the current nutrition situation of adolescent girls and agree on next steps (participants included Minister of Home Affairs and Joint Secretary of Health Service Department). A policy brief has been drafted based on the policy roundtable discussion and is currently being peer reviewed. The final version will be shared with a broad range of high level policy makers. Project: Tackling Malnutrition: The story of community clinics in TF Number: TF0A5601 Bangladesh Country: Bangladesh Grant amount: $50,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2018 TTL: Iffath Sharif, Tekabe Belay Background and Objectives: The proposed task aimed at sharing Bangladesh’s development experience on improving health outcomes through its flagship health program of Community Clinics (CC) with policy makers and development practitioners in Bangladesh and other countries, particularly Pakistan. The grant finances preparation of a documentary to draw lessons on how Community Clinics (CC) are being rolled out to provide income support to the poorest mothers in selected areas in rural Bangladesh, while (i) increasing the mothers’ use of child nutrition and cognitive development services, and (ii) enhancing local government capacity to deliver safety nets. It will also take stock of the impact, both on the challenges and successes, of the CC rollout. Outputs: Two videos on CCs and mother and child healthcare were produced and disseminated through TV and social media. There were over 20,000 viewers of a TV talk show on Channel I (one of Bangladesh’s most popular TV channels) on prime time, more than 25,000 views and 78 likes on Facebook Live, and 23,000 views on CC videos. Project: Capacity development and communication for improved TF Number: TF0A3887 nutrition outcomes in rural households Country: Bhutan Grant amount: $300,000 Project duration: 2016 – 2019 TTL: Abimbola Adubi Background and Objectives: The project will improve dietary diversity and care practices of pregnant and nursing women in remote rural areas in Bhutan which will address malnutrition in the first 1,000-day window of opportunity. This will be carried out by identifying change agents and drivers of food habits to develop materials and collaboratively engage target groups in behavior change communication (BCC) activities in Samtse Dzongkhag. The two proposed components follow a BCC theory of change. By way of a series of studies and pilots, digital content, participatory platforms, and/or exposure visits will be developed and organized. Furthermore, the project will strengthen the enabling environment for GAFSP-funded FSAPP by rooting the project in very specific social contexts, distilling and aiming to address the multiple drivers of malnutrition. This will help ensure both acceptability of interventions among involved communities, sustainability of improved practices and potential for scaling-up. Outputs: A stakeholder meeting was held in January 2018 to create awareness, establish roles and responsibilities for different players and harmonize the instruments of implementing the project. This was participated by government officials from Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health. The project has initiated a field survey to identify the social change agents and social drivers of diet/care practices. 21     Project: Technical support to cross-sectoral work on nutrition the TF Number: TF0A2780 North East of India Country: India Grant amount: $500,000 Project duration: 2015 – 2017 TTL: Patrick Mullen Background and Objectives: The primary objectives of this task are to better understand the barriers to improved nutrition and health in three states in North East (i.e., Nagaland, Assam and Meghalaya) and to help state governments develop strategies and programs to address these issues. While large scale household surveys (such as the NFHS-4) provide state-level estimates for nutrition indicators, they are unable to provide an in-depth understanding of the range of possible factors influencing the nutrition and health of children, adolescent girls and pregnant women in these states. By financing qualitative assessments and targeted quantitative surveys in the region, the grant is to contribute to the identification of key gaps and barriers to improved nutrition, and subsequently, through the technical assistance enable states to design and implement strategies to mitigate these barriers. Outputs: A qualitative study in the state of Nagaland was done to better understand current nutrition practices, focused on maternal and child nutrition, and facilitators and barriers to nutrition and health service utilization. The preliminary findings suggested that communities in Noklak and Jalukie areas were not consuming an adequately protein-rich diet, especially among pregnant women and young infants, as intake of meat, milk, eggs etc was low. Moreover, consumption of fermented foods, alcohol and tobacco was very high. Most of the food consumed by households was produced in their own farms and prepared using firewood. The importance of hygienic surroundings for improving health was realised by communities and several initiatives had been taken, especially through NHP, for improving cleanliness, and constructing better toilet facilities in the villages. The awareness about symptoms and consequences of anaemia and malnutrition was lacking among community members as well as frontline workers. The knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding for a duration of six months was not prevalent among most respondents as they reported feeding the infant water along with breast milk. In general, specific services for nutrition were low in quantity and the convergence between health and nutrition government departments in planning and implementing them was often lacking. Because the Ministry of Finance does not approve qualitative study proposals in Meghalaya and Assam, the grant is reallocated to strengthen the Nagaland work to support implementation of the IDA-financed Nagaland Health Project. This will include technical assistance to state government on nutrition-related interventions and a quantitative survey to allow for impact evaluation of nutrition-related interventions supported by a community-based strategy (baseline data are available from a survey done by the project in 2016). The qualitative survey has improved our understanding of nutritional practices and help identify potential barriers to improved nutrition. It has also informed the design of a quantitative survey planned for September 2018, which will include consultation with state government officials and other stakeholders. Consultation and public dissemination on the study results is planned in December 2018. The quantitative and qualitative work together will contribute to the achievement of the grant objective which is to improve the knowledge of determinants of malnutrition in North East India. Project: Social Observatory - Catalyzing Improved Implementation in TF Number: TF0A1325 Projects to Improve Food and Nutrition Security Country: India Grant amount: $1,000,000 Project duration: 2015 – 2019 TTL: Vijayendra Rao Background and Objectives: With SAFANSI-I, Social Observatory (SO) was set up to (a) diagnose how market, government, and behavioral failures affect food and nutrition security (FNS) outcomes, (b) use these diagnoses to improve designs of ongoing rural livelihoods development projects in India, such as Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project (JEEVIKA) and Tamil Nadu Empowerment and Poverty Reduction project, and (c) improve the implementation of these interventions by building adaptive capacity. The objective of SAFANSI- II project is to consolidate the work under SAFANSI-I, to further improve adaptive capacity, while improving the diagnosis of how market and government failures affect food security; supporting an experimentation- based approach to improve program design and implementation for FNS outcomes; taking the SO approach 22     to new program interventions that aim to improve the functioning of the top-down public programs for food and nutrition security in India; and seeding a system of adaptive capacity to catalyze implementation for FNS outcomes in one new, nutrition focused programs in South Asia. Outputs: The grant helps the Social Observatory (SO) develop systems of adaptive learning for interventions designed to deliver interventions that have key implications for food and nutrition security in rural India. SO has conducted various kinds of qualitative and quantitative research with innovations in the areas of data collection, impact evaluation, mixed-methods analysis and text as data analysis. It has also developed key innovations to improve nutrition and food security tracking, such as the methods of Participatory Tracking (P-Tracking). The outputs in this reporting period include: (a) a peer reviewed Bank Working Paper on the effects of hurricanes on consumption, particularly on the effect on women, and how women's self-help groups can help mitigate this (abstract in Annex 5), (b) another peer reviewed Bank Working Paper on the management of sanitation in urban India, comparing Delhi to Chennai and finding that Chennai offers several important lessons on how sanitations systems should be managed (abstract in Annex 5), (c) development of a citizen-data based planning system for village governments in Tamil Nadu, (d) implementation of the SO in Sri Lanka through the IDA-financed Local Development Support Project (in pipeline with total costs of US$77 million), in which the task team is developing a version of the Participatory Tracking system for village planning that will support development of more effective plans in addressing their food security, water and sanitation needs, (e) four dissemination events, including a major talk at a Presidential Panel at the American Sociological Association, and (f) Social Observatory's work featured in several podcasts, including Democracy Now, In The Field, and Syntalk. In addition, three studies peer reviewed in FY17 were published under the Bank Policy Research Working Paper in FY18 (abstract in Annex 5). According to Google Scholar, the SO studies have been cited 75 times. The dissemination events in FY18 include a keynote speech at the IDEAS-Gretha Conference in Bordeaux and talks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, at Presidential Session at the American Sociological Association Meetings, and at the Vrije University, Amsterdam. Research findings have so far been downloaded a total of 60,000 times. Project: Design and Piloting of Conditional Cash Transfers for TF Number: TF0A4384 Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Madhya Pradesh Country: India Grant amount: $250,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Rifat Afifa Hasan Background and Objectives: The project supports the state government in determining the overall strategy and design of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program aimed at improving maternal and child health and nutrition practices and service utilization within the critical 1,000-day period. It will draw on the implementation experience of CCT programs in India, including in Madhya Pradesh, as well as on lessons and best practice from international experience. Technical support will also be provided for piloting the CCT program, through the development of systems required for implementation such as (i) systems for registration of beneficiaries and recording achievement of conditions, (ii) payment systems (iii) operational procedures and manuals, (iv) communication and awareness generation, (v) monitoring and evaluation systems, (vi) strategies for inter-departmental coordination, and (vii) grievance redressal mechanisms. While the state government is expected to finance and lead the implementation of the pilot, continued technical assistance will be provided by the Bank to ensure implementation and monitoring systems developed are working effectively. Outputs: In early-2017, the Government of India (GoI) announced the national maternity benefit scheme, PMMVY and provided states with guidelines and financing for implementation. The implementing agency is the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD). Originally, the SAFANSI grant was to support CCT design in Madhya Pradesh (MP) as a part of the umbrella Bank TA funded by other TFs (RSR and PON). With the PMMVY launch, the Bank TA focuses more on strategy, system components, and fidelity to support the PMMVY implementation and supports the following activities: (a) capacity building plan, (b) process evaluations to learn from existing cash transfer programs in the state, particularly on health and nutrition, (c) monitoring and evaluation plan, and (d) communication strategy. SAFANSI finances 23     development of the M&E plan and communication strategy, and the key outputs will include baseline survey tools, baseline report, and a communication strategy. In MP, the PMMVY implementation agency was originally the Department of Women and Child Development (DWCD) but changed to the Department of Public Health and Family Welfare (DoHFW) after four months. Both agencies are engaged in the TA implementation. The M&E plan is a priority for both State and National Governments. Duke University will develop survey tools and conduct a baseline survey in consultation with NITI Aayog (the think tank of the GoI). Communication strategy will be developed, when the implementation agency in communication activities is agreed upon. Project: Improved Nutrition Through Milk Micronutrient TF Number: TF0A3812 Fortification – Testing the Business Case under NDSP-India Country: India Grant amount: $451,000 Project duration: 2016 – 2019 TTLs: Ashi Kohli Kathuria; Edward William Bresnyan Background and Objectives: This project aims to increase household access to micronutrients and enhance the contribution of the dairy sector to improving food and nutrition security of these households in India. This would test and demonstrate the operational, technical and financial feasibility of the production and marketing of Vitamin A- and D-fortified milk through milk unions, as well as build the capacity of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) to serve as a national resource center for milk fortification. The proposed project will permit the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) to: (a) pilot a business model for fortified milk production; and (b) generate options for consumer promotion and scale-up within the National Dairy Support Project. Outputs: NDDB conducted a launch workshop in September 2017 with participation from Milk Federations, Dairy Producer Companies and Milk Unions from 23 states and Union Territories across India, Tata Trusts, and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). NDDB developed and disseminated: (a) Awareness booklet on Milk Fortification; (b) Standard Operating Procedure for Liquid Milk Fortification; (c) Standard Operating Procedure for Fortified Milk Testing; (d) Fortification of Milk and Milk Products: Technews bulletin; (e) Data Template for participating Milk Federations/ Producer Companies/ Unions; and (f) Project proposal template for Milk Federations/ Producer Companies/ Unions. Following the workshop, NDDB received 38 Expressions of Interest (EOIs) from these entities. 15 EOIs were approved, and 7 project proposals were developed thus far. With Tata Trusts’ provision of fortificants (vitamins) free of costs for the first 6 months and 50% of costs for the next 6 months, fortification trials were conducted by four Milk Federations (in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Haryana) and one producer company. Fortified milk samples were collected for testing in NABL-accredited laboratories. Premix samples were also taken and tested for quality assurance. Thus far, 100,000 metric tons of fortified milk has been produced and consumed by 2 million people. In February and March 2018, Regional Workshops were conducted for south and west regions in Mumbai and north in Delhi. Participants included officers from Milk Federations/ Producer Companies/ Unions and from NDDB, Tata Trusts and FSSAI. Project: Enterprise Development for Nutrition and Sanitation, TF Number: TF0A5734 Bihar, India Country: India Grant amount: $355,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Mohini Kak, Vinay Kumar Vutukuru, Mio Takada Background and Objectives: The grant will support the IDA-financed Bihar Transformative Development Project (BTDP) in improving rural poor’s access to low cost nutrition foods and hygiene and sanitation products. The State of Bihar has the second highest rates of undernutrition in India with approximately 48% of children under five are stunted, and 21% are wasted. About 60% percent of women aged between 15 and 49 years are anemic. Only 31% of women aged 15-24 years use hygienic methods of protection during their menstrual period, and 73% of households have no access to proper sanitation facilities at the household-level. The lack of access is caused by high level of poverty. Despite 10% annual economic growth in past decade, 24     34% of households in Bihar live below poverty line. The poverty rate among Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are higher at estimated 68% and 64%, respectively. The grant, therefore, will support preparing a strategy to develop nutrition and sanitation social enterprises in Bihar and provide technical assistance to facilitate its implementation in BTDP. Outputs: The grant was approved in September 2017. A firm has been contracted to carry out an assessment to identify potential nutrition, hygiene, and sanitation products and services that would benefit rural poor, including their business viabilities. The assessment includes (a) review of local and global best practices of nutrition and sanitation enterprises through literature review and interviews, (b) demand side analysis among SHG women to identify products and services that would improve diet diversity and nutrition/sanitation outcomes, assess market segments where demands are the highest, and evaluate appropriate pricing by assessing their willingness to pay for such products and services; (c) value chain mapping for key potential products and services, by identifying different actors in value chains, bottlenecks and risks, and potential solutions to mitigate and address these bottlenecks and risks; (d) identification of most appropriate communication channels for the bottom of pyramid consumers to solicit their purchase and intake/use of low cost nutrition foods and hygiene/sanitation products; and (e) preparation of a business development strategy and action plan. Project: Nutrition Parliament: Parliamentarians and State TF Number: To be assigned Legislators for Collective Action Country: India Grant amount: $270,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Ashi Kohli Kathuria Background and Objectives: The objective of this project is to improve the understanding of nutrition as a development issue among the Parliamentarians and State Legislators in India in order to seek all party solutions to increase public accountability on nutrition for better access to safe and nutritious food. Success will be measured in terms of the number of Parliamentarians and State Legislators that are engaged in a collective action and commit to good nutrition through influencing public policy, programs, and institutional arrangements on food and nutrition in targeted areas. The grant was approved in March 2017 (pending government approval). Project: Impact Evaluations of the Agricultural and Food Security TF Number: TF0A0635 Project (AFSP) and Sunaula Hazar Din (SHD) Community Action for Nutrition Project Country: Nepal Grant amount: $988,000 Project duration: 2015 – 2018 TTL: Susumu Yoshida Background and Objectives: The project is to undertake impact evaluations (IEs) for the Agricultural and Food Security Project (AFSP) and the SAFANSI I-funded Sunaula Hazar Din (SHD) Community Action for Nutrition Project. The AFSP IE focuses on the impact of the technology adoption and nutrition enhancement components at mid-term. SHD IE is to assess, through a household survey, effectiveness of an innovative Rapid Results Approach (RRA), by which communities are motivated to achieve a self-selected goal in 100 day cycles on nutrition outcomes and community development. Outputs: The endline reports for AFSP and SHD were finalized in March 2018. The SHD endline evaluation found that the most common goals selected by communities were using clean and safe water (70%), followed by increasing consumption of animal protein among pregnant women and young children (43%), and maintaining adequate weight and regular eating among pregnant women and young children (42%). In the SHD targeted areas, there was a substantial increase in access to toilet from 26% at baseline to 78% at endline. SHD VDCs were 6% more likely to have access to improved toilets than control VDCs, which could be attributed to SHD implementation vis a vis goal selection. The evaluation also found modest improvements in anthropometric indicators: wasting reduced from 21% at baseline to 16% at endline, underweight among children under 2 reduced from 32% to 15%, and stunting reduced from 38% to 33%. The SHD report was peer reviewed and disseminated at a workshop in Kathmandu, participated by government, the Bank, UNICEF, and NGOs (about 20 participants in total). 15 government participants were from Multi-Sectoral 25     Nutrition Plan Committee, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Department for Women and Children, Ministry of Health, Department of Livestock, and Department for Food Technology and Quality Control. The AFSP endline evaluation found AFSP households realized 18% increase in total income and also 18% increase in livestock income (both relative to control households) through support for farmer group support and provision of improved seed/livestock varieties and extension services. In nutrition and food security, the number of households reporting no food insecurity in the past 30 days increased by 8% in AFSP households and 26% in control households. However, those who reported severe food insecurity in the past 30 days remained the same across AFSP (4% at baseline and 3% at endline) and control (3% at both baseline and endline) households. Overall, there was no substantial change in hunger and food availability index in AFSP or control households, except 30% fewer households were worried about having enough food at endline. In mother and child health, there was a large increase in membership in ward-level health mothers’ groups (four times in AFSP and twice in control communities). Among pregnant and nursing mothers, there were increases in dietary diversity score (18% in AFSP vs. 13% in control) and maternal knowledge score (15% in AFSP vs. 12% in control). There were three dissemination events in Kathmandu, participated by 175 government officials, development agencies, and NGOs. These results informed the design of Food and Nutrition Security Enhancement Project (total cost of US$22.7 million), a follow-up project financed by the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP). They also influenced the design of the IDA-financed Nepal Livestock Sector Innovation Project (US$80 million) and informed the Multi Sector Nutrition Plan (MSNP, 2018-2022). 26     Project: Adolescent nutrition in Pakistan: identifying opportunities TF Number: TF0A5836 and setting priorities Country: Pakistan Grant amount: $267,800 Project duration: 2017 – 2018 TTL: Inaam Ul-Haq Background and Objectives: The objective of this work will be to provide concrete policy and program options to improve adolescent nutrition in Pakistan, based on evidence of the magnitude and distribution of nutrition problems, their determinants and potential factors that could facilitate or impede progress. The grant also aims to facilitate an enabling environment for action to improve adolescent nutrition in Pakistan by establishing national and provincial level multi-sector advocacy and learning platforms. These platforms will bring together public and private sector nutrition and non-nutrition partners as well as the provincial departments of health and education. Outputs: Implementation is in early stage. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) was procured in January 2018. A detailed outline for the report, Determinants of Nutritional Status of Adolescents, has been developed and reviewed by the Bank team. Project: Technical design support for nutrition focused Conditional TF Number: TF0A6660 Cash Transfer (CCT) pilot rollout in Punjab Country: Pakistan Grant amount: $424,000 Project duration: 2017-2019 TTL: Sohail Saeed Abbasi, Yoonyoung Cho Background and Objectives: Punjab is the most populous province in Pakistan. Nearly 40% of the children under age 5 in the province are stunted. The prevalence of underweight and wasted children is 30% and 14% respectively, with outcomes much worse for the poorer populations. However, unlike many other areas in South Asia, there are no significant differences in the nutritional status of young girls and boys. The grant aims to improve the demand and uptake of health and nutrition services and promote key behaviors conducive to positive nutritional outcomes in Punjab pilot districts. The proposed activities will support Punjab Social Protection Authority (PSPA). The technical support will ensure that the design parameters and processes meet the technical standards along the results chain. Outputs: The strategy for effective communication and citizen engagement for the health and nutrition (H&N) conditional cash transfer (CCT) program has been developed and tested locally. Given that the beneficiaries are pregnant women and infants living in poverty with limited education, the strategy focuses on easy reference and is sensitive to cultural norms and practices. Now the strategy is developed, and tested locally. Social mobilization to raise CCT program awareness is yet to commence. There also are health and nutrition key messages to be delivered through the CCT program. Training and counseling materials are being developed. The impact evaluation strategy has been developed to understand the impact of different messages and their delivery on the outcomes. The grant is also supporting significant capacity building of Punjab Social Protection Authority (PSPA) and the Department of Health. The program MIS is developed by the Punjab Information Technology Board (PITB), which will link health facilities. M&E tools are also developed by PSPA. Project: Tracking Nutrition Expenditure in Pakistan TF Number: To be assigned Country: Pakistan Grant amount: $350,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Akmal Minallah Khan Background and Objectives: This project will aim to establish a monitoring system for nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive public expenditure and embed it within the public financial management systems in Pakistan. The project will work closely with the Controller General of Accounts, the institutional custodian of the public financial management system, to establish a system of tracking nutrition-specific and nutrition- sensitive expenditure. The grant was approved in March 2017. 27     Project: Nutrition Positive Deviance Analysis TF Number: TF0A5051 Country: Sri Lanka Grant amount: $125,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Yi-Kyoung Lee Background and Objectives: The objective is to identify successful behaviors of positive deviants that could enable estate sector residents to achieve better nutrition outcomes. While the majority of nutrition studies and interventions tend to focus on problems and barriers that prevent children from reaching their full potential, the proposed positive deviance (PD) project will enable the key stakeholders to: (i) identify successful adaptive behaviors that exist in the target estate communities; and (ii) design (and subsequently implement) strategies and programs that promote their adoption by the target population. Outputs: After multiple consultations with the key stakeholder, the field team started identifying positive deviants in January 2018 and is in the final stage of collecting data, focusing on the successful behaviors of the positive deviants. The study is on schedule with a validation and action plan preparation meeting planned in end May 2018 based on a preliminary data analysis to be carried out in early May 2018. Project: Improving Nutrition through Modernizing Agriculture in TF Number: TF0A5987 Sri Lanka (INMAS) Country: Sri Lanka Grant amount: $400,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Seenithamby Manoharan Background and Objectives: The project will assess whether a larger agriculture project could be integrated into multi-sectoral interventions and to improve the nutritional status of individual farmers, their families and communities. It will add a significant amount of new evidence in identifying challenges for the implementation of common interventions and possible solutions to address them. This study aims to involve academia, a number of government ministries along with the media. Events will be organized for different levels of interactions from top to bottom at village, district, provincial and national levels. Outputs: Objectives are well accepted by the Government of Sri Lanka, and the President's Secretariat is very much interested in the outcome of the study. The study is linked to the IDA-financed Agriculture Sector Modernization Project and proposed Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (for IDA financing). The project area for the study has been confirmed, and procurement activities have commenced. Project: Costing and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Scaling up TF Number: TF0A2323 Nutrition-related Interventions in the South Asia Region Country: Regional Grant amount: $400,000 Project duration: 2015 – 2018 TTL: Meera Shekar Background and Objectives: The overall development goal of this project is to strengthen the allocative and technical efficiencies for country-led planning, budgeting, and prioritization of nutrition interventions through health, nutrition, population, social protection, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), education, and agriculture and rural development programs in up to 5 high-burden countries in South Asia (i.e. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka), and thereby enhance the impact of national and international investments. The SAFANSI-II project finances costing analyses, including (a) costing for the scale-up of nutrition interventions, (b) performing cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) comparing different scale up scenarios (e.g. scale up by intervention package, scale-up by sub-region/state), (c) building capacity by training national staff in the methodology and the use of the costing and CEA tools to identify the most effective interventions for scale-up, and (d) disseminating the findings at the appropriate national, regional and global fora, with a focus on facilitating south to south exchanges. The project is co-financed by UNICEF and Gates Foundation. Outputs: Costing and cost-effectiveness studies for Bangladesh and Afghanistan were peer reviewed, and the results were shared with in-country stakeholders and at SAFANSI workshop in Kathmandu in fall 2017. They will be published as the HNP Discussion Papers in FY19. Below summarizes key findings and their policy or program influences: 28     In Bangladesh, under the Second National Plan of Action on Nutrition (NPAN2), the total public investment needed to implement key nutrition interventions, including provision of nutrition supplement, therapeutic and supplemental food, and fortified food, is estimated to be US$536.9 million over the next 10 years (or about US$53.7 million annually). This includes US$152.8 million to maintain the current coverage of the intervention and an additional US$384.8 million to expand their coverage gradually to reach 90% over 10 years. Expanding coverage of the interventions would result in preventing almost 50,000 deaths and over 500,000 cases of stunting in children under five years of age and in averting over 860,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)18. Those gains would translate into increases in economic productivity worth about US$5.6 billion over the productive lives of the children who benefited from the interventions. The benefit- cost ratio would be 20.5, which means that every dollar invested in nutrition would bring in over 20 dollars in economic benefits. NPAN2 was launched in August 2017 by the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasin, and the study findings were fed into. It is a major policy milestone, as it incorporates mutlisectoral nutrition and nutrition security in updating the previous Plan dating back to 1996, which focused largely on food security. The grant also directly contributed to NPAN2 formulation by hiring the consultant to assist the NPAN2 Sectoral Committee 1 (Health). The study results were shared at two in-country stakeholder meetings, participated by 40 government officials, donors, and practitioners. In Afghanistan, the costs, impacts, and cost-effectiveness of scaling up over five years were examined for the nutrition interventions included in Afghanistan’s Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS), which invests in the early years to build human capital. The total public investment required for the scale up to government- set program coverage levels is estimated to be $44 million per year over five years, or $1.49 per capita per year. Each dollar invested would yield at least $13 in economic returns and even under conservative assumptions regarding future economic growth, the economic benefits exceed the cost by six times: $815 million over the productive lives of the beneficiaries. This scale up would prevent almost 25,000 child deaths and over 4,000 cases of stunting and avert a loss of 640,000 DALYs and almost 90,000 cases years of anemia. Almost 100,000 more children would be exclusively breastfed. However, this scale-up would only have a marginal effect – a decrease of less than one-half percentage point – on stunting prevalence because the current government-set target program coverage rates are very low for the preventive interventions that affect stunting. A substantially greater impact could be achieved if preventive interventions could be scaled to full program coverage levels, which would require less than $5 million more a year. This would triple the number of DALYs averted, double the number of deaths averted and avert almost eight times as many cases of stunting, resulting in a 2.6 percentage point decline in stunting over the five-year period (from 41% to 38%). The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women could be reduced by 12 percentage points and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding could be increased by 18 percentage points. The results are contributing to the planning and budgeting for the Bank-financed Systems Enhancement for Health Action in Transition (SEHAT) project by providing data on per-capita costs of service provision, which will be used for contracting with the NGOs delivery nutrition services. The study results were shared at SAFANSI Roundtable in Kathmandu, participated by 140 government officials, donors, and practitioners. Thinking about the economic dimensions of investing in nutrition is important but it is not always a natural instinct for stakeholders involved in nutrition program and policy development. However, once the discussion on the issues related to economic impact, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency of investing in nutrition is initiated, it quickly becomes part and parcel of the policy and program considerations. Estimated economic impact of nutrition becomes an effective tool for securing financial resources for nutrition programs. Perhaps more importantly, reflecting WBG Nutrition team’s focus on not just getting more money for nutrition, but also how to get more nutrition impact for the money invested, these analyses have led to careful consideration of these issues of technical and allocative efficiency in policy and planning processes. Since WBG financing is likely to continue to rise as a key part of the corporate agenda under the Human Capital rubric, the importance of the analytical work conducted under this grant has increased significantly. This work will be 18 A DALY is equivalent to a year of healthy life lost due to a health condition. The DALY, developed in 1993 by the World Bank, combines the years of life lost from a disease (YLL) and the years of life lived with disability from the disease (YLD). 29     followed up with the finalization and roll-out of the new Optima Nutrition tool that will allow client governments and partners to do these sorts of analyses themselves in the future. Project: Addressing critical failures of Infant and Young Child TF Number: TF0A5836 Feeding (IYCF) in South Asia Country: Regional Grant amount: $325,925 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Ashi Kohli Kathuria, Manav Bhattarai Background and Objectives: With the overall purpose of strengthening Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in South Asia, the grant will address two critical failures of IYCF in selected countries in two ways. First, it will identify the challenges, barriers to and facilitating factors for appropriate IYCF behaviors, programs and policies, particularly as they relate to both (1) working women engaged in both formal and informal sectors and living in urban settings; and (2) the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) for promoting & protecting breastfeeding in health facilities during the time of delivery and hospital stay. Second, it will develop options to address the challenges identified, make policy and programmatic recommendations and advocate for their adoption. Outputs: The studies will target India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Two firms were contracted in March 2018. South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network (SAIFRN) was hired for a study about Infant and Young Child Nutrition challenges faced by working women in Columbo and Delhi. Breast Feeding Promotion Network of India (BPNI) was contracted for conducting a qualitative study in India and Nepal relating to the coverage of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). The study would provide necessary inputs to policy makers to revisit and revive the BFHI program in its quality given the very poor status it has in both the countries. Inception reports were submitted and finalized for the two studies. Project: Background analytical outputs for the regional TF Number: TF0A5366 undernutrition report: Ending Nutrition in South Asia Country: Regional Grant amount: $500,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Dhushyanth Raju Background and objectives: The grant supports the preparation of background analytical outputs for the Ending Malnutrition in South Asia regional report. South Asia is widely viewed to be a negative outlier in global progress toward reducing child and maternal undernutrition. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in data and rigorous, innovative research on child and maternal health and nutrition for South Asia as well as other parts of the low- and middle-income world. Drawing mostly on these data and research, the proposed report aims to examine the factors that contribute to the current high levels of undernutrition and/or poor progress in reducing undernutrition in the region, and derive considerations and recommendations for future data collection and research, as well as development policy and practice to address undernutrition. Apart from drawing on existing data and research, the report will commission and take advantage of additional data and research in key areas with less or weaker evidence. Key topics would include the links between shocks (economic, natural, conflict); climate change; urbanization; private food systems; water, sanitation, and hygiene; food quality; and beliefs and social norms and undernutrition. The grant was approved in March 2017. Project: SAFANSI Retrospective TF Number: TF0A7232 Country: Regional Grant amount: $200,000 Project duration: 2017 – 2019 TTL: Bremala Nathan Background and objectives: Promotion of the food and nutrition security (FNS) agenda in the South Asia Region has evolved to the forefront of policy and decision makers. This has been possible in part through consistent engagement on FNS through SAFANSI and its development partners by supporting awareness raising, facilitating cross-cutting collaboration between sectors and diverse stakeholders, and by providing funding to support applied research and FNS programs. The stock-taking report will capture and review the 30     research and knowledge that has been generated with support from SAFANSI, and facilitate knowledge sharing, replication across countries and identification of gaps. Outputs: Consultants are being hired. The work is expected to commence shortly. 2. Completed Projects Three projects were completed during this reporting period. Project: Can Conditional Cash Transfers improve child nutrition TF Number: TF0A3566 and cognitive development? Country: Bangladesh Grant amount: $50,000 Project duration: 2016 – 2019 TTL: Aneeka Rahman Background and Objectives: This just-in-time grant is to design the methodology to conduct an assessment of the interventions under the Income Support Program for the Poorest (ISPP, P146520), a conditional cash transfer program aimed at pregnant women and mothers of children under the age of five years in Bangladesh. The results of the evaluation will assess and help improve the design of a nutrition-sensitive conditional cash transfer program, and thereby contribute to a better understanding of changes in children’s nutrition and cognitive development outcomes. Outputs: The impact evaluation strategy has been finalized and will be used to guide implementation of the evaluation, including detailed methodology. The sample size will be about 3,360 households. The impact evaluation (IE) study will provide evidence on the operation of the program as well as the impact of cash transfers on (i) the socioeconomic conditions and food security of beneficiary families; (ii) child nutrition; (iii) child cognitive development, and (iv) readiness for school. The evaluation will also look into the relative cost-effectiveness of each arm of the intervention (ante-natal care, growth monitoring and promotion, cognitive development) with respect to their impact on child development outcomes and readiness for school. This is particularly important given the innovative payments system, which is an electronic transfer using post office debit cards monitored by an automated Management Information System (MIS). The system likely has significant implications on the efficiency and cost of implementing CCTs. Follow up activities include implementing the strategy with the baseline survey planned from first/second quarter of FY2019 and dissemination. The evaluation is funded by the Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF). The SAFANSI grant provided the required resources to put together the strategy for how CIFF funds would be utilized. Project: Food Security and Agriculture Productivity Project TF Number: TF0A3584 Country: Bhutan Grant amount: $30,000 Project duration: 2016 – 2017 TTL: Winston Dawes Background and Objectives: The objective of this activity is to support cross country knowledge sharing and capacity building of Bhutan’s Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF) project team, and learn from community based, market-driven approaches in Nepal and Pakistan, in order to improve the design and implementation of the GAFSP-funded Food Security and Agriculture Productivity Project (FSAPP). Outputs: The study tour to Nepal took place in April 2017. The delegation held a debriefing session within the MoAF. There were many lessons learned, some of which are tried on in the FSAPP. In delivering farmer field school, the project team has introduced incentives, such as inter-district study visits and hiring beneficiary farmers as resource persons in different districts. The team is also considering provision of small grants to implement innovative livelihood projects by communities. Project: Qualitative Assessment and Knowledge Enhancement of TF Number: TF0A1374 Community-Driven Nutrition Project Country: Nepal Grant amount: $300,000 Project duration: 2015 – 2018 TTL: Kaori Oshima 31     Background and Objectives: The objective of this grant is to improve the evidence base and understanding of the design and process of Community Action for Nutrition Project or Sunaula Hazar Din (SHD), at the community level. Paying special attention to gender and social inclusion perspectives (e.g., low caste and ethnic minorities), the evidence on the nutritional outcomes and social dynamics generated by the study provides strong design and implementation inputs to SHD, and to dialogues on health and nutrition improvement in Nepal. SHD was implemented by the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MOFALD) and closed in June 2017. Outputs: The study was peer reviewed and finalized during the last reporting period. The study observed some good practice VDCs that successfully improved knowledge and practice of the target population (i.e., pregnant and lactating mothers, who could ensure children’s 1,000-day window since conception), with strong community buy-in, transparency in decision making processes, well-developed plans, and local leadership. However, it also found that SHD’s Rapid Results 100-day model was implemented overall in isolation without building capacity of coaches and community-based implementation teams or effectively linking existing platforms, such as local government and technical experts. To avoid disputes, community-driven goal selection is likely directed to benefit to entire community rather than SHD’s target population. Women’s participation in work plan implementation was found less substantive, and often minorities were not participating in SHD activities. The study has informed the Multi Sector Nutrition Plan (MSNP, 2018-2022), which was recently endorsed by the Government of Nepal, on its implementation at community level. The grant also supported dissemination events and a study tour in FY2018. Two dissemination events were organized in DC in February 2018, in collaboration with a task team for Niger Population and Health Support Project, which also is a rapid results health and nutrition improvement project, the Bank’s Health Society Global Solutions Group (GSG), and the DIME SHD impact evaluation team. Lessons were shared regarding group formation and mobilization, inclusion of women and socially excluded members ("social inclusion" aspects), roles of facilitators and local government stakeholders. The study was also shared through the Bank blog among practitioners in and outside of the Bank. Additionally, as a part of capacity building, the grant supported a study tour to Indonesia Community Empowerment in Rural Areas Healthy and Bright Generation (Generasi) Program in January 2018. Seven high level Nepal Government officials participated in the visit. 32     Annex 3: SAFANSI II Active and Closed Portfolio Location /  SAFANSI  Disburse Balance  TF No.   Title  GP  Country  Funding  ments  Available  Impact Evaluations of the Agricultural and Food  Development  TF0A0635  Security Project (AFSP) and Sunaula Hazar Din  Nepal  988,000  861,954  126,046  Economics  (SHD) Community Action for Nutrition Project   Burden of Malnutrition for the States of Uttar  Health,  TF0A1098  Pradesh, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, and Meghalaya  India  Nutrition &  502,000  501,623  377  (Phase I)  Population  Integrating Nutrition Promotion and Rural  TF0A1146  Sri Lanka  Agriculture  198,000  196,669  1,331  Development (INPARD) Sri Lanka  TF0A1187  SAFANSI Secretariat  Regional  Agriculture  222,012  154,662  67,350  Social Observatory: Catalyzing Improved  Development  TF0A1325  Implementation in Projects to Improve Food and  India  1,000,000  759,870  240,130  Economics  Nutrition Security  Qualitative Assessment and Knowledge  Health,  TF0A1374  Enhancement of Community‐Driven Nutrition  Nepal  Nutrition &  300,000  265,551  34,449  Project in Nepal   Population  TF0A1473  SAFANSI Communications Strategy  Regional  Agriculture  600,000  563,325  36,675  Dynamics of Rural Growth: Outreach and  TF0A1834  Bangladesh  Agriculture  50,000  49,502  498  dissemination  Costing and Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Scaling  Health,  TF0A2323  up Nutrition‐related Interventions in the South  Regional  Nutrition &  400,000  351,920  48,080  Asia Region  Population  Women’s Enterprising Initiatives to Ensure  TF0A2708  Community Food and Nutrition Security in upland  Nepal  Agriculture  50,000  48,786  1,214  Nuwakot   Health,  Technical support to cross‐sectoral work on  TF0A2780  India  Nutrition &  500,000  86,136  413,864  nutrition the North East of India  Population  SAFANSI Program Management and  TF0A2872  Regional  Agriculture  215,000  181,763  33,237  Administration  Building Effective Nutrition Communication  Health,  TF0A3103  through Partnerships: Addressing Estate Sector  Sri Lanka  Nutrition &  50,000  49,989  11  Nutrition Issues in Sri Lanka  Population  Leveraging information technology to achieve  TF0A3110  better nutritional outcomes in the Chittagong Hill  Bangladesh  Agriculture  270,000  112,801  157,199  Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh  Rural Inclusive Growth and Nutrition in Andhra  TF0A3328  India  Agriculture  50,000  49,942  58  Pradesh  Bangladesh: Can Conditional Cash Transfers  Social  TF0A3566  improve child nutrition and cognitive development  Bangladesh  Protection and  50,000  44,031  5,969  project.  Labor  TF0A3584  Bhutan Food Security and Agriculture Project  Bhutan  Agriculture  30,000  28,526  1,474  Health,  Bangladesh Capacity Development in Nutrition  TF0A3672  Bangladesh  Nutrition &  250,000  89,466  160,534  Surveillance and Research  Population  Capacity development and communication for  TF0A3887  Bhutan  Agriculture  300,000  67,329  232,671  improved nutrition outcomes in rural households  Improved Nutrition through Milk Micronutrient  TF0A4103  Fortification ‐‐ testing the Business Case under the  India  Agriculture  451,000  235,035  215,965  National Dairy Support Project, India (P107648)  Design and Piloting of Conditional Cash Transfers  Health,  TF0A4384  for Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in  India  Nutrition &  250,000  0  250,000  Madhya Pradesh (India)  Population  Learning from “champions”: Qualitative study on  Health,  TF0A5051   infant and young child feeding and caring practices  Sri Lanka  Nutrition &  125,000  38,725  86,275  in Sri Lanka’s estate sector  Population  33     Location /  SAFANSI  Disburse Balance  TF No.   Title  GP  Country  Funding  ments  Available  Background analytical outputs for the regional  Agriculture/HN TF0A5366  undernutrition report: Ending Nutrition in South  Regional  500,000  257,724  242,276  P/ Water  Asia  Social  Tackling Malnutrition: The story of community  TF0A5601  Bangladesh  Protection and  50,000  27,951  22,049  clinics in Bangladesh  Labor  Health,  Adolescent Nutrition in Pakistan: Identifying  TF0A5674  Pakistan  Nutrition &  267,800  21,088  246,712  Opportunities and Setting Priorities  Population  Enterprise Development for Nutrition and  TF0A5734  India  Agriculture  355,000  37,021  317,979  Sanitation in Bihar  Health,  Addressing Critical Failures of Infant and Young  TF0A5836  Regional  Nutrition &  325,925  17,284  308,641  Child Nutrition in South Asia  Population  Improving Nutrition through Modernizing  TF0A5987  Sri Lanka  Agriculture  400,000  20,894  379,106  Agriculture in Sri Lanka (INMAS)  Social  Technical design support for nutrition focused  TF0A6660  Pakistan  Protection and  424,000  41,817  382,183  Conditional Cash Transfer pilot in Punjab  Labor  TF0A6692  Tracking Nutrition Expenditure in Pakistan  Pakistan  Multi‐sector  500,000  0  500,000  Agriculture/HN TF0A7231  SAFANSI Colombo Roundtable 2018  Regional  50,000  8,380  41,620  P  TF0A7232  SAFANSI Retrospective  Regional  Agriculture  200,000  0  197,474  Health,  Nutrition Parliament: Parliamentarians and State  Pending  India  Nutrition &  270,000  0  270,000  Legislators for Collective Action  Population  Pending  Public Expenditure Review   Regional  Multi‐sector  500,000  0  500,000  TOTAL           10,693,737  5,169,764  5,521,447  34     Legally and Financially Closed Grants       Grant Amount  Grant  Location /  Disburse TF No.   Title  Sector  Approved  Closing  Country  d (USD)  (USD)  Date  Dynamics of Rural Growth: Outreach and  TF0A1834  Bangladesh  Agriculture  50,000  49,502  7/31/2016  dissemination  Burden of Malnutrition for the States of  Health,  TF0A1098  Uttar Pradesh, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, and  India  Nutrition &  502,000  501,623  12/30/2016  Meghalaya (Phase I)  Population  Women’s Enterprising Initiatives to Ensure  TF0A2708  Community Food and Nutrition Security in  Nepal  Agriculture  50,000  48,786  2/15/2017  upland Nuwakot   Integrating Nutrition Promotion and Rural  TF0A1146  Sri Lanka  Agriculture  198,000  196,669  12/30/2016  Development (INPARD) Sri Lanka  Building Effective Nutrition Communication  Health,  TF0A3103  through Partnerships: Addressing Estate  Sri Lanka  Nutrition &  50,000  49,989  3/31/2017  Sector Nutrition Issues in Sri Lanka  Population  Rural Inclusive Growth and Nutrition in  TF0A3328  India  Agriculture  50,000  49,942  2/28/2017  Andhra Pradesh  Bangladesh: Can Conditional Cash Transfers  Social  TF0A3566  improve child nutrition and cognitive  Bangladesh  Protection  50,000  44,031  6/30/2017  development project.  and Labor  Bhutan Food Security and Agriculture  TF0A3584  Bhutan  Agriculture  30,000  28,526  6/30/2017  Project          980,000  969,068            Proposals Cancelled  Location /  SAFANSI Funding  No.   Title  Sector  Country  (USD)  Social, Urban, Rural  1  Himachal Pradesh Innovations in Food & Nutrition Security  India  250,000  & Resilience  Afghanistan: Assessing the effectiveness of nutrition awareness and  2  early cognitive stimulation interventions in Early Childhood  Afghanistan  Education  650,000  Development Programs  3  Tamil Nadu Nutrition House Pilot Project  India  Agriculture  225,000          1,125,000  35     Annex 4: Results Framework19 Impact Indicators (Agreed by EC and DFID. Not included in WB Results Framework) Impact Impact Indicators*20 Baseline 2020 To improve food and nutrition security for individuals and communities in  Prevalence of stunting (children under 5) South Asia, especially among the poorer disadvantaged section of society in  Prevalence of wasting (children under 5) South Asia with particular focus on women of reproductive age and their  Prevalence of low-birthweight babies 0 children, especially those under two years of age 19 The SAFANSI Results Framework was developed by the World Bank in collaboration with the SAFANSI Donors, and adopted by the SAFANSI Donor Committee. The Results Framework is a living document. Future targets are updated annually based on additional project approvals. 20 SAFANSI is intended only to contribute to impact level indicators, which provide context for the interventions supported. Baseline and end line data taken from the Global Nutrition Report (existing data sources). Impact Indicator baseline data sets (from 2015 Global Nutrition Report): % Stunting <5s % Wasting <5s % LBW Afghanistan 40.9 9.5 - Bangladesh 36.1 14.3 22 Bhutan 33.6 7.6 9.9 India 47.9 20 28 Maldives 20.3 10.2 11 Nepal 40.5 11.2 17.8 Pakistan 45 10.5 32 Sri Lanka 14.7 21.4 17 36      Outcome Indicators2122 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 (FY16) (FY17) (FY18) (FY19) Outcome Outcome indicators Baseline Results Results Results Target Target Comments Governments and 1. Number of food and a) 0 a) 0 a) 5 a) 7 a) 12 a) 17 In FY18, the Nepal Multi Sector Nutrition Plan development nutrition policies, (MSNP, 2018-2022) has been informed by the partners have programs or action b) 0 b) 0 b) 2 b) 4 b) 8 b) 11 Impact Evaluations for AFSP and SHD, and the increased plans developed and Qualitative Assessment of SHD. The commitment, adopted by Afghanistan National Nutrition Plan (under funding and Governments with development) is being informed by the Regional capability to financial or technical Costing and Cost-effectiveness Study, targeting improve food and support from Afghanistan and Bangladesh (contribution to nutrition security SAFANSI: Bangladesh Second National Action Plan for in South Asia. Nutrition was a part of FY17 outputs). a) which are multi- sectoral and evidence- based; and b) which support women and girls of reproductive age and/or children <2 years of age 2. Contribution23 of a) 0 a) 1 a) 9 a) 13 a) 10 a) 15 In FY18 alone, SAFANSI has supported 5 IDA SAFANSI to the or TF financed projects, which amounts to design, b) 0 b) $125m b) $2.06b b) $2.22b b) $2.1b b) $2.15b US$158.7 million with an outreach of 1.6 implementation or million beneficiaries. The Impact Evaluations evaluation of World c) 0 c) 0 c) 14.6m c) 16.2 m c) 15 m c) 15.5 m for AFSP and SHD informed Nepal Food and Bank nutrition- Nutrition Security Enhancement Project sensitive projects. (US$22.7 mil/65,000) and Nepal Livestock (a) number of projects Sector Innovation Project (US$80 mil/200,000). (b) volume of lending The Nutrition Technical Support in Northeast (c) beneficiaries India supports Nagaland Health Project (US$48 reached24 mil/1.18 million). The Bhutan Capacity Development and the Food Security JIT also support Bhutan FSAPP (US$8 mil/52,000). Sri 21 Demonstrating SAFANSI contribution, and attribution where possible. 22 All data is cumulative. 23  For the purposes of measurement, a contribution would take the form of direct financial support for studies or dialogues that lead to policy reform/creation, technical advice  provided through SAFANSI‐funded programs or as a result of SAFANSI‐funded programs, or policies/programs that cite SAFANSI materials as reference in their development.    24 Estimated/projected or actual beneficiaries, if and when this data is available. 37     Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 (FY16) (FY17) (FY18) (FY19) Outcome Outcome indicators Baseline Results Results Results Target Target Comments Lanka INMAS is supporting IDA-financed Agriculture Sector Modernization Project (US$ 125 mil/110,000). The US$ amount has already been counted in FY16. No. of beneficiaries has been included in FY18. 3. Proportion (a) and a) 0% a) 36% a) 100% a) 100% a) 80% a) 80% All projects, including three completed projects, Number (b) of are rated more than moderately satisfactory in SAFANSI-supported b) 0 b) 4 b) 18 b) 19 b) 20 b) 25 both PDO and IP (four projects are not rated). grants scoring at least India SO and Regional Costing are rated highly ‘moderately satisfactory for both PDO and IP. satisfactory” 4. Number of national 0 0 0 1 2 3 Regional Costing supported nutrition budget or sub-national development as a part of Bangladesh NPAN2. comprehensive multi- sectoral nutrition budgets developed 25 Output Indicators26 Pillar 1 - Improved Evidence and Analysis Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 (FY16) (FY17) (FY18) (FY19) Output 1 Output indicators Baseline Results Results Results Target Target Comments Improved evidence 1.1 Number of peer 0 1 12 17 27 31 5 studies were peer reviewed in FY18: 2 by India SO, 1 and analysis reviewed studies by Nepal SHD IE (quantitative), and 2 by Regional available on the published that help to Costing. effects of improve evidence and interventions on analysis on Food and Food and Nutrition Nutrition Security.27 25 Multi-sector budgets can indicate spending in line ministries/departments directed to activities that will contribute to achieving nutrition outcomes as defined in national/subnational policies/strategies 26 All output indicators are directly attributable to SAFANSI and will include gender disaggregated information wherever possible. All data is cumulative. 27 Multi-sector budgets can indicate spending in line ministries/departments directed to activities that will contribute to achieving nutrition outcomes as defined in national/subnational policies/strategies. 38     Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 (FY16) (FY17) (FY18) (FY19) Output 1 Output indicators Baseline Results Results Results Target Target Comments Security outcomes 1.2 Number of 0 3 21 34 34 35 13 new communication products in FY18, including 2 in South Asia communications SAFANSI briefs, a technews bulletin by India Milk products28 published. Fortification, 3 podcasts and a youtube video on data by women’s groups by India SO, a blog by Nepal SHD (qualitative), 1 health and nutrition promotion video by Bangladesh ICT in CHT and 2 knowledge sharing videos by Bangladesh CC. The FY18 results also include Sri Lanka INPARD final report and India SO’s MIS manual, which were delivered in FY17 but were not included as FY17 results. 1.3 Number of (a) a) 0 a) a)13,226 a) 14,186 a) 950 a) 1050 unique, external 11,225 downloads of b) 0 b) 6,888 b) 6,878 b) 9,000 b)11,000 SAFANSI b) 3,119 publications and (b) unique external visits to the SAFANSI website. 1.4 Number of WB or 0 5 17 23 25 35 There were 16 dissemination events in FY18: 2 BBLs partner led knowledge in DC by Nepal SHD (qualitative); 3 workshops by sharing events at Bangladesh nutrition surveillance capacity building; 4 which SAFANSI international talks by India SO; 4 workshops by Nepal evidence or analysis is IEs for AFSP and SHD, 3 workshops by Regional presented. Costing (including a SAFANSI workshop in Nepal) Pillar 2 – Enhanced Advocacy and Awareness Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Output 2 Output indicators Baseline (FY16) (FY17) (FY18) (FY19) Comments Results Results Results Target Target Improved awareness 2.1 Number of Ministers, 0 502 674 1,481 700 750 In FY18, there were 807 such participants in SAFANSI- of Food and parliamentarians, public supported awareness raising events, including 7 Nutrition Security- officials and/or government officials in a study tour by Nepal SHD related challenges development partners qualitative, 190 government and other stakeholders in 28 Communication products are materials that derive from technical studies/outputs financed by SAFANSI. They are intended to extend the audience of SAFANSI messages, and thus the impact of SAFANSI activities, from technical experts to policymakers, opinion leaders, interested lay-persons, and (where appropriate) the general public. They can take the form of newsletters, articles, briefs, talking point memos, videos, photo essays, and social media communications 39     Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Output 2 Output indicators Baseline (FY16) (FY17) (FY18) (FY19) Comments Results Results Results Target Target and demonstrated participating in Nepal IEs for AFSP and SHD workshops, 200 action among SAFANSI supported government officials in Bangladesh Nutrition decision makers in FNS awareness raising Surveillance Capacity Building, 180 government, donor South Asia. events. agencies, and practitioners in Regional Costing and Cost- effectiveness workshops (in Dhaka and at SAFANSI workshop in Kathmandu), more than 70 milk federations and producer companies in India Milk Fortification launch workshop, and about 160 for India SO talks. 2.2 Number of FNS 0 35 55 62 65 70 There were 7 new media stories in FY18: 3 podcasts and media stories resulting a youtube video on data by women’s group by India SO; from SAFANSI or 1 additional video by Bangladesh ICT in CHT; 2 videos SAFANSI-supported by Bangladesh CC. Bangladesh CC’s videos were widely activities, products or circulated. There were over 20,000 viewers of a TV talk knowledge29. show on Channel I, more than 25,000 views and 78 likes on Facebook Live, and 23,000 views on CC videos. 2.3 Number of priority 0 4,102 5,958 8,078 6,100 6,500 2,120 community members, including pregnant and platforms, networks lactating mothers, trained by Bangladesh ICT in CHT in and/or groups actively FY18. strengthened or supported through SAFANSI that explicitly advocate for improved food and nutrition security. 2.4 Number of 0 1 7 12 17 25 5 more projects successfully implemented planned SAFANSI grants with a communication activities in FY18: Nepal SHD successfully (qualitative), Regional Costing, Bangladesh Nutrition implemented30 Surveillance Capacity Building, Bangladesh CC, and communication or India Milk Fortification. engagement strategy.31 29 Including any qualitative evidence of reach where available. 30 Strategy objectives met. 31 This is intended to capture work that goes beyond individual ‘products’ (such as a publication or media story) and delivers a targeted / coordinated package of relevant dissemination or advocacy activities to key audiences in order to achieve a stated objective (e.g. share key emerging evidence / ensure specific government officials take ‘X’ action/s etc). 40     Pillar 3 – Wider and Stronger Systems and Capacity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 (FY16) (FY17) (FY18) (FY19) Output 3 Output indicators Baseline Results Results Results Target Target Comments Governments and 3.1 Number of policy 0 600 674 1,513 700 1078 In FY18, there were 839 policy makers, government development makers, government officials or practitioners trained, including 7 partners have officials or government officials in a study tour by Nepal SHD strengthened policy practitioners trained qualitative, 190 government and other stakeholders in and programming for effective FNS Nepal IEs for AFSP and SHD workshops, 200 capacity to achieve program development, government officials in Bangladesh Nutrition FNS outcomes for delivery and/or Surveillance Capacity Building, 180 government, the poor and monitoring. donor agencies, and practitioners in Regional Costing disadvantaged. and Cost-effectiveness workshops (in Dhaka and at SAFANSI workshop in Kathmandu), more than 70 milk federations and producer companies in India Milk Fortification launch workshop, about 160 for India SO talks, and 32 mostly NGO practitioners in Bangladesh ICT in CHT. 3.2 Number of FNS 0 4 15 17 20 25 2 additional FNS systems supported in FY18: India systems supported Milk Fortification and Bangladesh Nutrition through SAFANSI that Surveillance Capacity Building. help to improve food and nutrition data, monitoring and use.32 Pillar 4 – Fostering Innovation Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 (FY16) (FY 17) (FY 18) (FY 19) Output 4 Output indicators Baseline Results Results Results Target Target Comments New and 4.1 Number of 0 7 21 28 25 30 7 new concepts/technologies/ approaches have been innovative FNS promising new (0) (7) (21) (23) (25) (27) evaluated or tested in FY18: costing and cost- interventions tested concepts / effectiveness measurements in Bangladesh and and/or technologies / Afghanistan by Regional Costing, fortified milk implemented at the approaches that are production and consumption (100,000 metric tons community level. evaluated or tested consumed by 2 million people) and PPP business with target groups model by India Milk Fortification, podcast (and number thereof dissemination by India SO, an establishment of a 32  With a focus, where possible, on reaching the poorest and most disadvantaged, and with a capacity to disaggregate data.  41     Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 (FY16) (FY 17) (FY 18) (FY 19) Output 4 Output indicators Baseline Results Results Results Target Target Comments that specifically policy platform for adolescent girls’ food and nutrition address gender security by Bangladesh Nutrition Surveillance issues).33 Capacity Building, and nutrition awareness videos developed locally and disseminated in indigenous areas by Bangladesh ICT in CHT. 4.2 Number and 0 (0%) 0 4 7 15 18 There are 3 new replications/ scale-up of SAFANSI percentage of tested supported innovations in FY18. India SO’s P-Tracking FNS interventions that is replicated in Tamil Nadu as a citizen-data based have been adopted for planning system and in Sri Lanka as a village planning replication and/or tool. Also, one dish meals are replicated by Bangladesh scaling-up. ICT in CHT. 4.3 Number of a) 0 a) a) a) a) a) 2,120 community members, including pregnant and beneficiaries reached 100,750 100,906 103,026 102,000 105,000 lactating mothers, by Bangladesh ICT in CHT. 67% through food and b) 0 were women, and 10-15% were children. nutrition security b) 1,750 b) 1,871 b) 3,291 b) 2,000 b) 2,300 innovation pilots, a) c) 0 total # reached, b) # c) 350 c) 350 c) 570 c) 700 c) 1,000 women, c) # children under 5 years of age reached.34 4.4 Number and 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4 (80%) 5 (80%) 15 (80%) 21 (80%) The percentage is indicative in FY17 and 18, based on percentage of project reports. Beneficiary feedback was overall innovation pilots positive on Bangladesh ICT in CHT, India SO, and where communities India Milk Fortification. Beneficiary surveys are and clients report expected in FY19. satisfaction. 33 The poor and disadvantaged, particularly girls, women of reproductive age and children under two 34 With a focus on under two-year olds to address stunting 42     Annex 5: Publications and Knowledge Products 1. Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Christian, P., Kandpal, E., Palaniswamy, N., and Rao, V., "Safety nets and natural disaster mitigation: evidence from cyclone Phailin in Odisha", World Bank Group Development Research Group Poverty and Inequality Team Policy Research Working Paper 8375, March 2018 (India: Social Observatory) To what degree can vulnerability to extreme weather events be mitigated by access to a rural livelihoods program, particularly with regard to the impacts on women? This paper addresses this question through a natural experiment arising from two independent but overlapping sources of variation: exposure to a devastating cyclone that occurred in the Bay of Bengal region of India and the staggered rollout of a rural livelihoods intervention. Comparisons from household surveys across communities more or less exposed to the storm before and after the introduction of the program reveal that the storm led to significant reductions in overall household expenditure, and that these reductions were indeed the largest for women, adding to the emerging evidence for the frequently-posed hypothesis that women bear the brunt of the effects of disasters on overall household consumption. Participation in the livelihoods program mitigated some of the reductions in household nonfood expenditure and women's consumption, but not on food expenditure. These results from a densely populated region whose topography makes it particularly vulnerable to storms can inform future policy approaches and aid in modeling the impact of these policies on the effects of climate change. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/808311522070466796/pdf/WPS8375.pdf Das Gupta, M., Dasgupta, R., Kugananthan, P., Rao, V., Somanathan, T., and Tewari, K., “Flies without borders : lessons from Chennai on improving India's municipal public health services,” World Bank Group Development Research Group Poverty and Inequality Team Policy Research Working Paper 8197, September 2017 (India: Social Observatory) India's fast-growing cities face three key challenges in improving public health outcomes. The first is the persistence of weak links in the chain -- notably, slums badly underserved with basic civic services -- that can pose public health threats to all. Richer residents corner public resources, such as water and sanitation services, but their children's health indicators suggest they are deeply affected by contagion from the broader urban environment. The second challenge relates to devolution of services to elected bodies. Devolution works poorly for intangible and highly technical services, such as public health, where success is measured by the lack of (adverse) events. The third challenge is high fragmentation of services that directly affect health outcomes. In India, some cities have addressed these challenges more effectively than others have. This paper explores the management of municipal public health services in two major Indian metropolises with sharply contrasting health and sanitation indicators. The paper explains how Chennai mitigates these challenges through active service outreach to vulnerable populations, and a considered approach to devolution that distributes responsibilities appropriately between line agencies, technical personnel, and elected representatives. Services in Delhi are quite constrained. These policy lessons are pertinent to other Indian cities and beyond. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/561701505760347121/pdf/WPS8197.pdf The following four papers were listed under “Other Publications” in the 2017 Annual Report but published under this cover in FY18. Parthasarathy, R., Rao, V., and Palaniswamy, N., “Unheard voices: the challenge of inducing women's civic speech”, World Bank Group Development Research Group Poverty and Inequality Team Policy Research Working Paper 8120, June 2017 (India: Social Observatory) 43      Deliberative institutions have gained popularity in the developing world as a means by which to make governance more inclusive and responsive to local needs. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that persistent gender inequality may limit women’s ability to participate actively and influence outcomes in these forums. In response, policy makers have tried to induce women’s participation by leveraging the group-based format of self-help groups, which can build women’s social capital and develop their sense of political efficacy and identity. This paper evaluates the impact of one such intervention, known as the Pudhu Vaazhvu Project, on women’s civic participation in rural Tamil Nadu. Using text-as-data methods on a matched sample of transcripts from village assembly meetings, the analysis finds that the Pudhu Vaazhvu Project significantly increases women’s participation in the gram sabha along several dimensions — meeting attendance, propensity to speak, and the length of floor time they enjoy. Although women in the Pudhu Vaazhvu Project villages enjoy greater voice, the study finds no evidence that they are more likely than women in control villages to drive the broader conversational agenda or elicit a relevant response from government officials. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/216591498569537722/pdf/WPS8120.pdf Parthasarathy, R., Rao, V., and Palaniswamy, N., “Deliberative Inequality: A Text-As-Data Study of Tamil Nadu’s Village Assemblies”, World Bank Group Development Research Group Poverty and Inequality Team Policy Research Working Paper 8119, June 2017 (India: Social Observatory) The resurgence of deliberative institutions in the developing world has prompted a renewed interest in the dynamics of citizen engagement. Using text-as-data methods on an original corpus of village assembly transcripts from rural Tamil Nadu, India, this paper opens the “black box” of deliberation to examine the gendered and status-based patterns of influence. Drawing on normative theories of deliberation, this analysis identifies a set of clear empirical standards for “good” deliberation, based on an individual’s ability both to speak and be heard, and uses natural language processing methods to generate these measures. The study first shows that these assemblies are not mere “talking shop” for state officials to bluster and read banal announcements, but rather, provide opportunities for citizens to challenge their elected officials, demand transparency, and provide information about authentic local development needs. Second, the study finds that across multiple measures of deliberative influence, women are at a disadvantage relative to men; women are less likely to speak, set the agenda, and receive a relevant response from state officials. Finally, the paper shows that although quotas for women on village councils have little impact on the likelihood that they speak, they do improve the likelihood that female citizens are heard. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/582551498568606865/pdf/WPS8119.pdf Joshi, S., Kochhar, N., and Rao, V., “Are Caste Categories Misleading? Relationship between Gender and Jati in Three Indian States”, World Bank Group Development Research Group Poverty and Inequality Team Policy Research Working Paper 8109, June 2017 (India: Social Observatory) This paper examines the relationship between caste and gender inequality in three states in India. When households are grouped using conventional, government-defined categories of caste the paper finds patterns that are consistent with existing literature: lower-caste women are more likely to participate in the labor market, have greater decision-making autonomy within their households, and experience greater freedom of movement. When households are grouped by the narrower sub-caste categories of jati, where caste is lived and experienced, the paper finds the relationships to be far more varied and nuanced. These results suggest that focusing on broad caste categories such as “scheduled castes” and “scheduled tribes” can be misleading for understanding the relationship between caste and gender, and for targeting anti-poverty programs. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/582551498568606865/pdf/WPS8119.pdf   44     2. SAFANSI Briefs Bringing Rural Development to Bear on Human Nutrition, March 2018 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/515591530196088179/pdf/BRI-INPARDreportwebversion- PUBLIC.pdf Public Health in India and Four States in Transition, March 2018 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/276721530196596602/pdf/BRI-IndiainTransition- PUBLIC.pdf 3. Other Reports Technews Bulletin (India: Milk Fortification) http://dairyknowledge.in/sites/default/files/93-fortification-of-milk-and-milk-products.pdf 4. Blogs World Bank, Happy New Year! In Sri Lanka, a time to celebrate many things – and to think. Pswarayi-Riddihough, I. 4/12/2017, online. http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/happy-new-year-sri-lanka-time-celebrate-many-things- and-think World Bank. A path toward better health for India’s women, Singh, P. 07/05/2017, online. http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/path-toward-better-health-india-s-women World Bank, Engaging Children in the Golden 1,000 days in Nepal, Oshima, K. and Bhattarai, M., 8/21/2017, online. http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/node/1360 World Bank, South Asian Countries Collaborate Toward Better Nutrition, Feature Story. 9/14/2017, online. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2017/09/14/south-asian-countries-collaborate-toward- better-nutrition World Bank. Tackling India’s hidden hunger. Bresnyan, E. 10/24/2017, online. http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/tackling-india-s-hidden-hunger World Bank. Rural Bangladeshis filming their way to better nutrition, Tonmoy, W. 12/11/2017, online. http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/rural-bangladeshis-filming-their-way-better- nutrition World Bank. Can cash transfers solve Bangladesh’s malnutrition?, Anwar, R. and Bossavie, L. 02/22/2018, online. http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/can-cash-transfers-solve- bangladesh-s-malnutrition 5. On-line Communication/Videos Podcasts (India Social Observatory) Syntalk: https://soundcloud.com/syntalk/tiop-the-implications-of-poverty-syntalk In the Field: https://www.inthefieldindia.org/episode-5 45     Real Democracy Now: http://realdemocracynow.com.au/ Videos Community Clinics (Bangladesh: Tacking Malnutrition) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pndal8AWy_I (English) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9qkW8hXU9I (Bangla) Mother and Child Healthcare (Bangladesh: Tackling Malnutrition) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VswvUSYC3cg (English) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7k0rWfEv12w (Bangla) Video on data by women’s groups (India: SO) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7S0xMW4ctk 46     Annex 6: SAFANSI Risk Matrix35 Gross Risk Net Risk Within Impact Likelihood Impact Likelihood risk No. Risk Description Current mitigation (1-5) (1-5) (1-5) (1-5) appetite (Y/N) External risks Examples 1 Overlap with other Analysis prepared on all food and food and security security actors in the Region to avoid 1 2 1 1 y initiatives in the duplication of efforts. Active Region. coordination on the ground. 2 Insufficient or With the DFID exit from SAFANSI and decreased funding cancellation of outstanding payments, availability SAFANSI funding availability has been significantly decreased. Active fund 4 5 4 5 y management with donors and strategic allocation of remaining funding. Outreach to additional donors to support the program. Project implementation risks 3 Limited commitment South Asia region countries have shown from Governments to increased commitments to Food and Food and Nutrition Nutrition Security, and many Security countries/subnational governments adopted nutrition policies/strategies under 3 2 2 1 y SAFANSI I. SAFANSI 2 will continue to communicate the evidence and analysis generated by its activities, targeting policymakers, opinion leaders, Bank management, and implementers. 35 Last updated following the April 2017 SAFANSI Donor Committee Meeting. 47      4 Socio-political e.g./ natural Monitoring of socio-political situation in instability or other disaster, fuel Region and adjusting program disruptions in the shortage in Nepal implementation accordingly region could slow down implementation 3 2 3 2 y of the program 5 Increased number of An increased Due to limited funding availability, the Recipient executed number of RE active SAFANSI portfolio contains no activities will slow activities will RE activities. disbursement rate. likely slow down initial 3 1 3 1 Y disbursement rates due to longer preparation times for RE activities 6 Results Framework Results Framework will be reviewed on a does not fully capture regular basis and updated as necessary to the outputs and reflect the changing program. In addition, outcomes of the 2 3 the communications strategy will provide 1 2 y program qualitative results reporting to complement the quantitative results reporting through the Results Framework. 7 Poor program design e.g. poor quality All proposals are subject to a 2-tier and/or quality mean implementation of review process--(1) technical panel the program is not the grants review for quality and relevance; and (2) effective and doesn't a strategic review for relevance to country deliver against the and regional priorities and overall strategic vision. program progress. Once approved, grants 4 2 2 1 y are processed following World Bank Policies and Procedures and held to the same quality standards as Bank-financed activities. as part of the grant processing, projects will be peer reviewed for technical and design quality. 48     8 Lack of alignment with Increased information sharing and EC FNS programming upstream engagement with EC country 3 2 3 2 Y for the South Asia delegations. region 9 Project implementation SAFANSI-II is closing on September 30, may not complete 2019. The proposals for the new call are before SAFANSI-II 3 2 carefully reviewed to ensure they will 3 2 Y closure complete implementation by the TF closure. Management risks 10 Lack of alignment with SAFANSI's objectives are fully aligned WBG regional with the Region's food and nutrition 1 1 1 1 y priorities strategy and active involvement and guidance from technical leads 11 WB task team has Full staffing matrix for SAFANSI in insufficient capacity place with roles and responsibilities 3 1 1 1 y for strong program clearly defined management 12 Fraud and corruption: All grants are subject to WBG fiduciary Funds are not used as control mechanisms. For BE grants, all intended. contracting follows procedures outlined in the rules for procurement of individual 3 1 2 1 Y consultants or firms. For RE grants, WB financial management, procurement, safeguards, and legal staff are assigned to monitor design and implementation. 49