Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report (Scheme W Volume 2) (Transmission Lines Associated with GSS at Kolebira) Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Final Report Nigam Limited September 2018 www.erm.com The Business of Sustainability FINAL REPORT Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Nigam Limited Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report (Scheme W Volume 2) (Transmission Lines Associated with GSS at Kolebira) 10 September 2018 Reference # 0402882 Prepared by : Suvankar Das, Abhishek Roy Goswami Reviewed & Debanjan Approved by: Bandyapodhyay Partner This report has been prepared by ERM India Private Limited a member of Environmental Resources Management Group of companies, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1 1.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS ESIA 2 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 2 1.5 LIMITATION 3 1.6 USES OF THIS REPORT 3 2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORK 5 2.1 APPLICABLE LAWS AND STANDARDS 5 2.2 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICY 9 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 11 3.1 PROJECT LOCATION 11 3.2 ACCESSIBILITY 13 3.3 TRANSMISSION LINES PROJECT PHASES AND ACTIVITIES 16 3.3.1 Project Planning 16 3.3.2 Project Construction Activities 17 3.4 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT 21 3.4.1 Land Requirement 21 3.4.2 Manpower 21 3.4.3 Water Uses 22 3.4.4 Vehicle usage 22 3.4.5 Major Material Required During Construction 22 3.5 WASTES 23 3.5.1 Wastewater 23 3.5.2 Solid Waste 23 3.6 PROJECT TIMELINE AND PROJECT COST 23 4 METHODOLOGY OF ESIA 24 4.1 SCREENING & SCOPING 24 4.2 BASELINE STUDIES 25 4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 26 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PREPARATION 27 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE 28 6 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 35 6.1 INTRODUCTION 35 6.2 TERRAIN 35 6.3 LAND USE & LAND COVER 36 6.4 SOIL 36 6.5 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY 36 6.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT 37 6.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 37 6.8 DRAINAGE 37 6.9 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 37 6.9.1 Vegetation within the Study area 38 6.9.2 Wildlife Habitat and Faunal Diversity 39 6.9.3 Critical Habitat Assessment 41 6.10 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 41 6.10.1 Study Area 42 6.10.1 General Socioeconomic Profile 42 6.10.2 Gender Profile 47 6.10.3 Basic Amenities and Infrastructure 49 7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 51 7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT 51 7.1.1 Impacts on Aesthetic and Visual Quality 54 7.1.2 Air & Noise Quality 54 7.1.3 Impact on Land use 55 7.1.4 Impact on Soil 55 7.1.5 Impact on Road & Traffic 56 7.1.6 Impact on Biological Environment 56 7.1.7 Potential Impact on Socio-economic Conditions 58 7.1.8 Community Health & Safety 59 7.1.9 Occupational, Health & Safety 60 8 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 61 8.1 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS 61 8.2 SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS 62 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 73 9.1 MITIGATION MEASURES 73 9.2 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL ACTION PLAN 80 9.2.1 Labour Management Plan 80 9.2.2 Gender Action Plan 81 9.2.3 Occupational Health and Safety Management Action Plan 82 9.2.4 Citizen Engagement Action Plan 82 9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & REPORTING 86 9.4 INSTITUTIONAL SETTING AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 91 10 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 93 LIST OF TABLE Table 1.1 Details of the substation and interlinked projects (Scheme W) 2 Table 2.1 Regulations Triggered for the Project 5 Table 2.2 World Bank Policies Triggered for the Project 9 Table 3.1 Administrative divisions through which the Transmission Lines traverse 11 Table 3.2 Intersection of the Highways with the Transmission lines traverse 14 Table 3.2 Estimated number of towers in Scheme W 20 Table 3.4 Equipment and Material required for Transmission Line 22 Table 5.1 Environmental and Social details for Transmission Line 29 Table 5.2 Second Level Screening carried out during the ESIA 31 Table 6.1 TL Alignment passing through Sloping Area 35 Table 6.1 River /Water Body crossing and width of the crossing 37 Table 6.2 List of the Villages Located Within Study Area 42 Table 6.3 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Villages 43 Table 6.3 Livelihood Profile in the Study Area 46 Table 7.1 Scoping Matrix for transmission line 52 Table 8.1 List of key stakeholders 62 Table 8.2 Details of Consultation 62 Table 8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Consultation 63 Table 9.1 Impact Mitigation Matrix 73 Table 9.2 Information Disclosure Plan 83 Table 9.3 Summary of Consultation Mechanism 84 Table 9.4 Monitoring Plan 86 Table 9.5 Responsibility Matrix 91 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 3.1 Administrative Setting of Kolebira – Kamdara transmission line (TL) alignment 12 Figure 3.2 Administrative Setting of Kolebira – Simdega transmission line (TL) alignment13 Figure 3.3 Kolebira – Simdega transmission line (TL) alignment on Satellite Imagery 15 Figure 3.4 Kolebira – Kamdara transmission line (TL) alignment on Satellite Imagery 16 Figure 3.5 Right of Way for 132 KV Transmission Line 18 Figure 3.6 Typical Electrical Clearance Diagram for Tower Type – DD2 (Suspension Tower) 19 Figure 3.7 Minimum clearance between conductor and trees 21 Figure 4.1 Two Stage Screening Process 25 Figure 4.2 Impact Assessment Process 27 LIST OF ANNEXURE Annexure 1: List of Sub Projects in JPSIP I Annexure 2: Alternative Alignments V Annexure 3: Minutes of Meeting of Community Consultation VIII Annexure 4: General Conditions of Contract XXXV Annexure 5: DGMS Prescribed Permissible Limit of Ground Vibration XLVI Annexure 6: Labour Management Plan XLVIII Annexure 7: Health & Safety Management Plan (HSMP) Template LVIII Annexure 8: Format for Reporting of ESMP Implementation LXV Annexure 9: Format for Registering Grievance from Community/Project LXVIII Affected Persons Annexure 10: Critical Habitat Criteria (IFC PS6 Guidance Note 2012) LXXI Annexure 11: Candidate Critical Habitat Species (Criteria 1-3) and LXXIII Assessment Annexure 12: Assessment of Impact Significance LXXV ABBREVIATIONS BMTPC - Building Material and Technology Promotion Council of India CEA – Central Electricity Authority CFC - Chlorofluorocarbon CGWB – Central Groundwater Authority Board CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board dB – Decibel DG – Diesel Generator DVC - Damodar Valley Corporation EA – Environmental Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan ERM – Environmental Resources Management ESIA – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF- Environmental and Social Management Framework ESZ – Eco-Sensitive Zone GCC- General Conditions of Contract GM – Gair Mazrua GOI – Government of India GPS – Global Positioning System GSS – Grid Sub Station IESE - Initial Environmental and Social Examination IMD – India Meteorological Department IS – Indian Standard IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature IWPA – Indian Wildlife Protection Act JPSIP- Jharkhand Power System Improvement Project JUSNL - Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Nigam Limited KL- Kilo Litre KLD – Kilo Litre per Day Km – Kilometer KVA – Kilo-Volts-Ampere MVA – Mega-Volts-Ampere NBWL – National Board of Wildlife NH- National Highway PCB – Pollution Control Board PCB – Polychlorinated Biphenyls PfA – Power for All PPP – Public Private Partnership PUCC – Pollution Under Control Certificate SCC- Special Conditions of Contract SF6 – Sulfur Hexafluoride TCE – TATA Consulting Engineer TL – Transmission Line WPR- Work Participation Ratio EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Nigam Limited (JUSNL) with financial assistance from the World Bank is implementing the transmission infrastructure development/upgradation under the Jharkhand Power System Improvement Project (JPSIP) and will include: (a) Creation of 25 new 132 kV substations, and (b) Development of associated 132 KV transmission lines of around 1800 km. These 25 substations and associated transmission lines have been organised into 26 schemes. This ESIA covers the transmission lines a) 132 kV D/C 3 Ph. Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission line; and b) 132 kV D/C 3 Ph. Kolebira - Simdega Transmission line, which are part of Scheme W and is to be covered under Phase II of the project. The ESIA has been undertaken based on the outcome of initial walk over survey which identified a preferred alignment based on analysis of three potential alternatives associated with the Bee-line between the two end-points. The level of detail captured in the ESIA is primarily based on the inputs of the walk-over survey; an attempt is being made to include some of the detail emerging from the detailed survey exercise, which is being conducted in parallel by the Design Consultant at this time. More detailed information about the accurate alignment of the transmission line, specific parcels of land which the RoW will intersect, and the exact footprint of the transmission towers would be available during the next phase of project planning, involving Check Surveys is not covered in this ESIA. The two transmission lines, Kolebira - Kamdara and Kolebira - Simdega are planned to extend for a distance of 36.659 km and 16.402 km respectively and would fall in the districts of Simdega and Gumla. As per the plan, the RoW of the alignment would be 27 m and transmission towers are expected to be set up every 300 m (approx. 2-3 towers per km depending on terrain and other technical, environmental and social considerations), each occupying a land footprint of about 22 m square. Overall, they will run cross country and cover a physical, environmental and social landscape which is typical to the state of Jharkhand – a combination of plateau land exhibiting minor undulations and interspersed with flat terrain and hilly stretches. From the land use point of view, the line alignments would primarily cover agricultural, forest and barren/wasteland use types. The ends of the transmission lines would originate from respective substations of Kolebira - Kamdara and Kolebira- Simdega, which have access through road. At several other points along the route, crossings with roads (national or state highways) and railway lines are expected to occur. For access to other points of the proposed transmission lines, access would have to be obtained through existing village roads and open terrain. The construction phase of the project would involve the following activities: (a) Site clearance – Ground vegetation and/or crops on field would be cleared and trees would be lopped or felled, to the extent required, for gaining access to the corridor and to allow for tower construction and wire stringing ERM INDIA JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 ES-I activities; (b) For setting up towers within the 22 square m area, limited excavations would be undertaken for footings, concrete foundation developed, framework inserted, and the tower frame would be erected after hauling components to a nearby laydown area using existing roads and the transmission corridor RoW; (c) Mechanical stringing of conductors between towers would be done using a winching machine. The construction activities are anticipated to involve 15-20 people during construction of tower foundation and tower erection and 10-15 people would be involved in tower erection and 20-30 people would be involved in stringing. Mostly the labour would be staying in fly camps while remaining workers would be staying in laydown areas (comprising of labour quarters and material storage areas). Typical vehicles on site at the construction site would include 2 trucks, 2-3 excavators and 6 light-duty vehicles (LDV), puller and tensioner. After construction is over, there would be certain restrictions on future development and on the height of trees along the width of the corridor (per guidelines - IS 5613/MoEFCC, GoI Circular 7-25/2012-FC dated 5th May 2014) for the owners of the land parcels which get intersected. At the points where the transmission towers are to be set up, the right of the land for about 6 sq m of land would be obtained by JSUNL, though farmers can continue to pursue agricultural activities within the footprint, without causing any physical damage to the tower structure. Future access to the corridor can be sought by JSUNL for transmission line maintenance and subject to any damages to crops/property caused by such activity being compensated. The baseline studies have profiled the environmental and social conditions along the3 transmission line corridors (Kolebira - Kamdara and Kolebira- Simdega), covering, in general, a buffer distance of 500 m on either side of the RoW and up to 10 km where any significant environmental sensitivity is identified. The studies were designed to collect information from secondary sources and to obtain primary information through site visits and consultations with local communities and other related stakeholders. Overall, the baseline is reflective of the environmental and social landscape of the districts through which the alignment would pass. Corridor specific environmental and social baseline for each of the transmission lines described below: Kolebira – Kamdara Transmission Line - The respective transmission line passes through Kolebira, Basia and Kamdara Block primarily through rural areas. Among 24 villages located within the study area of Kolebira-Kamdara transmission line, Kolebira (4659) has the highest population lived in 961 household and the lowest populations were recorded in Suturbula (113). Simdega town is located at approx. 8 km from this alignment. - Six forest patches of 990 meters (as demarcated in SoI toposheets) is found near the above transmission line, protected forests are located within 10 km of the transmission line. Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary is located at approx. 3.5 km from the transmission line. - The transmission line transverses through Simdega and Gumla district, both are Schedule V area specified in the Indian Constitution. ERM INDIA JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 ES-II Kolebira – Simdega Transmission Line - The respective transmission line passes through Simdega and Kolebira Block, primarily through rural areas. Among 12 villages located within the study area of Kolebira - Simdega transmission line, Biru (4364) has the highest population lived in 934 household and the lowest populations were recorded in Jokari (120). Simdega town lies at approx. 20 km from this transmission line. - Six forest patches of 9770 meters (as demarcated in SoI toposheets) is found near the above transmission line, protected forest are located within 10 km of the transmission line. Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary is located at approx. 8 km from the transmission line. - The transmission line transverses through Simdega district, which is Schedule V area specified in the Indian Constitution. Community consultations were undertaken in villages (Nawatoli, Tamra, Biru, Bindhartoli, Arahani, Taisera, Tapkara, Jamtoli, Jurkela, Khatgaon, Agharma, Kinderkela and Patura) adjoining to the TL alignments to understand the perceptions of the local people with respect to the proposed project, problems faced by local people due to any existing transmission line (if any), livelihood pattern of the villagers etc. During consultations, following observations were recorded from community:  During consultation, community members have asked about the land valuation method to be used for compensation. Is it government rate or market rate? They have also demanded for payment of compensation before construction work;  Compensation should be paid for private tree felling;  Electricity supply scenario in the villages should be improved, as frequent power cut exists in this area;  Transmission line should be designed away from habitation area;  Adequate ground clearance of the transmission line should be maintained;  Tower construction work should not be undertaken in harvesting season;  All the possible safety feature should be implemented to avoid every possible accident from the proposed transmission line.  Local people should be prioritized for employment during construction work. The potential and associated impacts of the proposed transmission line projects have been identified and evaluated using standard procedures. Source references including past project experience, professional judgment demarcated as a Schedule V area and knowledge of both the project activities as well as the environmental and social setting of the site and surroundings were used in the assessment. The uptake of land for transmission line corridor, in sections which will pass through privately owned land, may lead to an adverse impact on the value of land parcels falling in the RoW in two ways: one, for parcels in which the towers are to be located, there is a physical obstruction to use of land falling under the tower footprint. The landowner is unable to use the land under the ERM INDIA JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 ES-III tower for alternative uses, other than agriculture, potentially leading to a reduction of land value, often for the entire parcel. Two, because of restrictions imposed with regard to undertaking any structural construction(s) above a stipulated safe height (depending on the height of the conductor), as per provisions of the Electricity Act 2003, for all land parcels falling within the RoW, the land value also diminishes. It must be noted, however, that as per existing practice, only the rights to the use of land for the tower footprint is obtained from the landowners (typically by invoking the provisions of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885) on whose lands the towers are to be constructed – no land purchase or acquisition leading to a transfer of ownership is involved in the process. At present, there has been no empirically estimated value or evidence as to the % reduction in land value for parcels falling within the RoW of transmission lines. For stretches of the corridor which would pass through the agricultural land, there is expected to be a loss of crops and consequent economic losses to farmers if the construction phase is timed to a pre-harvest time. Other than that, because of the limited use of heavy vehicles and equipment during construction, it is unlikely that there would be any long-term impact related to compaction of soil or loss of fertility in topsoil. Efforts would be made during the detailed survey and in subsequent project planning phase to ensure that the transmission lines do not pass over any habitat or village dwellings. For stretches of the corridor which will pass through forest land (6 forest patches covering length of 990 meters for Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission Line and 6 forest patches covering length of 9770 meters for Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line), the clearing of trees and vegetation along the corridor is anticipated to result in loss of biodiversity, though the adverse impact is expected to be limited to the corridor and with a scope for part of biodiversity to return back to normal conditions after the construction phase gets over with the exception for high trees (which would continue to be lopped during maintenance phase). Current experience with regard to existing transmission lines in Jharkhand confirms this assessment of impact to be minimal. With no Bird Areas of significance along the corridor and no local birds which having sufficiently wide wing spans that result in touching two conductors and resulting in electrocution, impacts to avian population is expected to be insignificant. Because of the narrow width of the corridor and taking into account the status of biodiversity of forests and wildlife in Jharkhand, no long-term habitat fragmentation impacts are expected to occur. With the construction phase at a particular location along the transmission corridor expected to last about 3-4 weeks, construction related activities are expected to cause local level impacts on environmental quality due to re- entrainment of dust in air from earth works and construction dumps, air and noise emissions from vehicles and construction equipment, discharge of domestic wastewater from labour camps and generation of construction and domestic wastes. In the construction phase, there are expected to be health and safety related issues due to the involvement of labour in construction activities. The influx of people (migrant workers, subcontractors and suppliers) may lead pressure on existing social infrastructure and their ERM INDIA JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 ES-IV interactions with nearby rural communities or potentially lead to cultural conflicts, and result in additional vulnerability to women and population belonging to scheduled castes or tribes. At the same time, positive socioeconomic impacts are also expected with scope for business opportunities for local subcontractors, skill acquisition for the local workforce and employment opportunities arising from recruitment of local construction labour and staff, improvement of roads and access. In order to ensure that the mitigation measures developed for the significant impacts of the proposed project are implemented and maintained throughout the project duration, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been developed. It needs to be highlighted here that the overall approach for transmission line planning already takes into account the scope for minimising the stretch falling under forest land through the exploration of alternate alignments where forest land is encountered during the initial walkover surveys. The ESMP outlines management strategies for managing all associated and potential impacts that could affect the environment and living conditions of people in the area. These mitigation measures and plans include: - Arrange for appropriate compensation for loss of biodiversity/forest land caused because of diversion of forest land (Protected forest land covering length of 990 meters for Kolebira-Kamdara Transmission Line and 9770 meters for Kolebira-Simdega Transmission Line), as per regulatory provisions. - Provide appropriate compensation for the loss of value of land falling within the tower footprint or along the corridor RoW. In addition, for any temporary loss to crops, vegetation, trees, potentially caused by construction activities, arrange for compensation to the affected landowners. - Adopt appropriate engineering and associated mitigation measures and plans to minimise adverse impacts to local communities during construction activities. - Adopt appropriate EHS safeguards and good practices to be adopted by construction contractors to ensure that occupational health and safety risks of labours are maintained at acceptable levels. The labour force should also undergo compulsory training on work-related health and safety measures. - Where possible, ensure local suppliers and contractors implement local employment and procurement policies to the benefit neighbouring communities along the alignment. As part of the ESMP, it is proposed to arrange for necessary approvals for clearing of forests, cutting of trees, and obtaining consent from landowners through whose land the RoW would be passing. In order to ensure that the ESMP is implemented during the construction phase, specific conditions of contract for Site Contractors to be engaged have been laid down which would be made part of the Bidding document. An ESMP monitoring plan would also be implemented to enable JSUNL to ensure that the planned mitigation measures are being implemented and adverse impacts are kept to the minimum possible level. In addition, a fit-to-purpose grievance redressal ERM INDIA JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 ES-V mechanism will be implemented through which communities and affected people can voice their concerns related to the project to JSUNL. For the implementation of the JPSIP Project, JUSNL has developed a Project Implementation Unit (JPSIP PIU) headed by the Chief Engineer (Transmission, World Bank Funded Projects). The JPSIP PIU would also be responsible for driving the implementation of the E&S safeguards in JPSIP. At the field level, the Chief Engineer cum GM of the Ranchi Zone of JUSNL would be responsible for implementing the technical aspects of the JPSIP with respect to the sub-project and would be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the ESMP and the E&S safeguards adopted by the contractor. In addition, it is recommended that the Contractor implementing the subprojects would induct Environment and Social personnel to supervise implementation of the E&S safeguards on the ground. Through the process of consultation and disclosures, JPSIP would ensure that the project information is communicated to the stakeholders and the feedback from the community is considered for the execution phase of the project. A Consultation Framework has been prepared to ensure involvement of stakeholders’ at each stage of project planning and implementation. In addition, a three-tier Grievance Mechanism has been proposed for handling any grievances of community related to the project i.e. Tier 1 -Circle level, Tier 2 -Zone level, Tier 3- Grievance Redresses Cell located centrally at the JPSIP PIU in Ranchi. ERM INDIA JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 ES-VI 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The Government of Jharkhand with active support of the Government of India has planned for implementing 24X7 Power for All (PfA) in Jharkhand. The program is aimed at achieving 24x7 reliable powers for all the households by FY 2019. The PfA roadmap includes interventions in generation, transmission, distribution, renewable energy and energy efficiency/ proposed to be implemented during FY16 to FY19. Government of Jharkhand through Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Nigam Limited (JUSNL) has planned to develop the transmission infrastructure in the State. This transmission infrastructure development is being funded from different sources e.g. domestic fund, Public Private Partnership (PPP) and multilateral funding. The Jharkhand Urja Sanchar Nigam Limited (the state run power transmission utility company) has approached the World Bank for assistance to fund a part of the transmission infrastructure under the Jharkhand Power System Improvement Project (JPSIP). The project would include creation of 25 new 132 kV substations and associated 132 KV transmission lines of around 1800 Kms. JUSNL would like to develop the projects in a sustainable manner. Towards this objective, an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been developed to lay out a mechanism for integrating environmental and social concerns into the planning, designing and implementation phase of JPSIP. Based on the higher level guidance provided in the ESMF, each project component is undergoing a project specific Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). Based on the outcome of the assessment, a project specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is laid down for all the sub-projects. 1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW As part of the JPSIP, JUSNL has planned for development of 25 new substations and associated transmission lines. These substations and transmission lines have further been consolidated into Schemes. For the purpose of implementation these Schemes are divided into 3 Phases. The subprojects in each of the Schemes are presented as Annexure 1. In Phase II there are 8 schemes. Three (3) nos of these schemes are located in Garhwa District, two (2) nos of schemes are located in East Singhbhum District, one (1) no of scheme is located in Palamu District and one (1) no of scheme is located in Seraikela Kharsawan District. This Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report deal with the construction of:  132 kV DC Kolebira – Kamdara Transmission line; and ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 1  132 kV DC Kolebira – Simdega Transmission line. These transmission lines are part of Scheme W of Phase II. The details of the other interlinked subprojects in the Scheme are presented in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 Details of the substation and interlinked projects (Scheme W) Sl. No Details of Scheme W Capacity Length (km) (MVA) 1. 132/33 Kv GSS Kolebira (2x50 MVA) 100 2. 132 kV DC 3 Ph. Kolebira – Kamdara Transmission - 38.659 line 3. 132 kV DC 3 Ph. Kolebira – Simdega Transmission - 16.402 line Source: JUSNL As part of the Scheme the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the grid substation at Kolebira is presented as separate volume: Scheme W: Volume 1. 1.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS ESIA The ESIA process involves the identification of the potential environmental issues in the project and trying to address them through design interventions. The ESIA further carries out impact prediction and evaluation of residual environmental and social issues of a Project. It then goes on to outline the proposed mitigation measures for residual impacts and enhancement measures for positive impacts which the Project will implement. The objectives of this document are to:  Identify all potentially significant adverse and positive environmental and social issues of the Project. Enumerate the design modification which has been influenced by the ESIA process and define the final alignment of the transmission lines;  Gather baseline data to inform the assessment of impacts on the environment as a result of the Project;  Suggest appropriate mitigation measures to effectively manage potential adverse impacts; and  Developing an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to implement suggested mitigation measures to minimize adverse impacts through effective management systems including formulation of monitoring and reporting requirements. 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT The report has been organized considering the following:  Chapter 1 above contains a brief background of JPSIP. It also presents a broad context to the ESIA Study; ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 2  Chapter 2 presents the regulations and polices applicable and actions which are required by JUSNL;  Chapter 3 presents the description of the proposed transmission lines and interaction with the bio-physical and socio-economic environment;  Chapter 4 provided methodology adopted for the ESIA study;  Chapter 5 outlines the environmental and social setting of the proposed transmission lines which forms the basis for assessment of potential impacts;  Chapter 6 presents the alternative analysis carried out for the transmission lines;  Chapter 7 presents the likely impacts from the proposed transmission lines over the lifecycle of the project along with its severity levels;  Chapter 8 elaborates on the stakeholder identification process adopted and a brief of the public consultations under taken to capture the local residents / stakeholders perceptions;  Chapter 9 presents the mechanism of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures complete with responsibility and resources requirements; and  Chapter 10 presents the Conclusions and Recommendations. 1.5 LIMITATION Project planning for proposed transmission line has been undertaken by Tata Consulting Engineer (Hereinafter referred to as “Design Consultant”) based on desktop studies and a Detailed Project Report has been developed based on the same. Detailed field survey of the project components like tower footing and the RoW is currently being undertaken by Design Consultant. The present draft of the ESIA therefore considers the project configuration as has been outlined in Design Consultant’s Report and impacts for the same has been accordingly assessed. 1.6 USES OF THIS REPORT The Client acknowledges that report provided by ERM in relation to the provision of Services is delivered to the Client solely for the Client’s benefit. ERM, its officers, employees, contractors, and agents shall owe no duties, obligations or liabilities to any persons in connection with any use of or reliance on the Project information provided by JUSNL. We make no warranties, express or implied, including without limitation, warranties as to merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. ERM is not engaged in social and environmental, health & safety consulting and reporting for the purposes of advertising, sales promotion, or endorsement of any client's interests, including raising investment capital or recommending investment decisions, or other publicity purposes. The client acknowledges that the report prepared by ERM are for exclusive use of the client and agrees that ERM's reports or correspondence will not be used or reproduced in full or in part for such promotional purposes, and may not be ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 3 used or relied upon in any prospectus or offering circular. The client also agrees that none of its advertising, sales promotion, or other publicity matter containing any information obtained from these assessments or reports, either in parts or entirety, will make reference to ERM's trade name. Nothing contained in this report shall be construed as a warranty or affirmation by ERM that the site and property described in the report are suitable collateral for any loan or that acquisition of such property by any lender through foreclosure proceedings or otherwise will not expose the lender to potential environmental or social liability. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 4 2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORK The ESMF identifies all the national and state level legislation rules and guidelines which would be applicable to JPSIP. It has also identified all the World Bank Policies and guidelines which are applicable in JPSIP. This section highlights only the relevant environmental and social policies and regulations, World Bank guidelines which are applicable for this sub-project. 2.1 APPLICABLE LAWS AND STANDARDS The applicable regulations and relevant policies in the context of the project are presented in below table. Table 2.1 Regulations Triggered for the Project Sl. Acts/Rule/Policy Applicability & Action Required Responsibility No. A. Electricity Related Regulation 1. Electricity Act 2003, Indian Under the provisions of Section 68(1):- JUSNL,JPSIP Telegraph Act 1885 and Prior approval of the Govt. of Department of Power, Government Jharkhand (GoJ) is a mandatory of Jharkhand notification dated requirement to undertake any new 15th December 2017 transmission project 11 kV upward in the State which authorizes JUSNL to plan and coordinate activities to commission a new Transmission project. Under Section 164:- GoJ, may by order in writing, authorize JUSNL for the placing of electric line for the transmission of electricity confer upon licensee (i.e. JUSNL) in the business of supplying electricity under this act subject to such conditions and restrictions, if any, as GoJ may think fit to impose and to the provisions of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, any of the power which the Telegraph authority possesses. The Electricity Act and Telegraph Act provide guidance on the compensation payable for damages to crops/ trees and structures for setting up of transmission line. As per the provision of the above mentioned Acts, JPSIP would require to pay compensation for any damage or loss due to its projects, before beginning of project construction work. Based on a Notification dated 15th of December, the Jharkhand Government ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 5 Sl. Acts/Rule/Policy Applicability & Action Required Responsibility No. has notified the following arrangement for compensation:  Compensation at the rate of 85% of land value as determined by District Magistrate or any other authority based on Circle rate/ Guideline value/ Stamp Act rates for tower base area (between four legs) impacted due to installation of tower/pylon structure;  Compensation towards diminution of land value in the width of RoW Corridor (27m for 132 KVA transmission line) due to laying of transmission line and imposing certain restriction would be decided by the States as per categorization/type of land, at 15% of land value, as determined based on prevailing Circle rate /Stamp Act rate. 2. Technical Standards for Both the Regulations are framed by JPSIP, Construction of Electrical Plants Central Electricity Authority (CEA) of Contractor and Electric Lines Regulations, India under Indian Electricity Act, 2010; 2003. These regulations provide Measures relating to Safety and technical standard for construction of Electric Supply Regulations, 2010 electrical lines and safety requirements for construction/ installation/protection/operation/ma intenance of electric lines and apparatus. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. B. Environment/Social Legislation 1. Environment Protection Rules, 1986 The standards for discharge/emission JPSIP, and applicable standards from different type of pollution source Contractor (e.g., DG sets) and industries have been laid down by CPCB under EP Rule, 1986. JPSIP would ensure that all these standards are complied during the planning, construction and operation of the project. 2. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 This Act mandates prior permission of JPSIP, the Forest Department for any activity Contractor which is to be undertaken on Forest Land. The provisions of conversion of forest land for non-forest purpose are specified under this Act. Some stretches of the transmission line have traversed through forest area. Thus clearance has to be obtained from relevant authorities under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 6 Sl. Acts/Rule/Policy Applicability & Action Required Responsibility No. 3. Jharkhand Timber and Other Forest For felling of trees in the forest land JPSIP, Produce (Transit and Regulation) identified within the ROW of the Contractor Rules, 2004 as amended transmission line, permission need to be obtained from DFO or authorized ACF. 4. Scheduled Tribes and Other The applicability of this Act has been JPSIP Traditional Forest Dwellers linked with forest clearance process (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 2006 w.e.f. August 2009 by MoEF. As part of the forest clearance process rights of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers is required to be settled by District Collector. 5. Ancient Monuments & Proposed transmission line did not JPSIP, Archaeological Sites and Remains traverse through archaeological site. Contractor Act, 1958; Thus National and State level Acts on Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878; Ancient Monuments and Jharkhand Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites will not be Archaeological Sites, Remains and triggered for this project. However, Art Treasures Act, 2016. treasure, archaeological artefacts can be found during excavation work; for which procedure laid down in Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 would be followed. C. Labour related Legislation 1. The Child Labour (Prohibition and This Act prohibits engagement of JPSIP, Regulation) Act, 1986 children in certain employments and Contractor regulates the conditions of work of children in other certain employments. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 2. Contract Labour (Regulation & This Act regulates the employment of Abolition) Act 1970 contract labours in certain establishments and prohibits for its abolition in certain circumstances. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 3. Minimum Wage Act, 1948 Under this Act, Jharkhand State government has notified minimum wage rate f0or the workers. JPSIP’s contractors would provide minimum wage to its workers as per the minimum wage rate provided in the said notification. 4. Bonded Labour System (Abolition) This Act abolished bonded labour Act, 1976 system to prevent the economic and physical exploitation of the weaker sections of the people. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 5. Grievance Redressal Machinery This Act provides mechanism for under Industrial Disputes setting up of grievance redressal Amendment Act, 2010 committee in industrial establishment. JPSIP and its contractors would ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 7 Sl. Acts/Rule/Policy Applicability & Action Required Responsibility No. comply with the requirements of these regulations. 6. Employees' Provident Fund and This Act provides for the institution of Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 provident funds, pension fund and deposit-linked insurance fund for employees in factories and other establishments. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 7. The Payment of Wages Act, 1936, This Act provides for timely amended in 2005; Workmen's disbursement of wages payable to Compensation Act, 1923 employed persons covered by the Act. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 8. Maternity Benefit Act, 1961; This Act regulate the employment of women in certain establishments for certain periods before and after child- birth and to provide for maternity benefit and certain other benefits. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 9. Employees State Insurance Act, This Act provides certain benefits to 1948 employees in case of sickness, maternity and ‘ employment injury ’. This Act is applicable to employees earning Rs 15,000 or less per month. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 10. Inter-state Migrant Workmen Act, This Act regulates the employment of 1979 inter-State migrant workmen and provides for their conditions of service. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. 11. Intimation of Accidents (Forms and This Rule comes in force for Time of Service of Notice) Rules, occurrence of accident in connection 2004 with the generation, transmission, supply or use of electricity and electric line. JPSIP would incorporate requirements of these regulations in contract document of procurement. 12. The Building and Other This regulation provides conditions of Construction Workers (Regulation service of building and other of Employment and Conditions of construction workers including their Service) Act, 1996 safety, health and welfare measures. JPSIP and its contractors would comply with the requirements of these regulations. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 8 2.2 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICY The implementation of the World Bank Operational Policies seek to avoid, minimize or mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts, including protecting the rights of those likely to be affected or marginalized by the proposed project. Based on the information gathered during the study, following Policies are triggered and would require adequate measures to address the safeguard concerns. Table 2.2 World Bank Policies Triggered for the Project Sl. World Bank Applicability Responsibility No. Policies/Guidelines 1. OP 4.01 Environmental The Bank requires environmental Environmental and Assessment assessment (EA) of projects under Bank Social Consultant of financing to help ensure that they are JPSIP environmentally sound and sustainable. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources); and transboundary and global environmental aspects. As per requirement of the OP 4.01, environmental assessment is being carried out for this project. 2. BP 4.11 Physical This policy requires Bank financing Environmental and Cultural Resources projects to assess impacts on physical Social Consultant of cultural resources at the earliest possible JPSIP stage of the project planning cycle. Environmental assessment involves the preparation of a physical cultural resources management plan that includes (a) measures to avoid or mitigate any adverse impacts on physical cultural resources; (b) provisions for managing chance finds; (c) any necessary measures for strengthening institutional capacity for the management of physical cultural resources; and (d) a monitoring system to track the progress of these activities. Though presently there are no physical cultural resource found to be affected by the project, possibility of “chance finds” cannot be ruled out. If something is found at later stage of the project (construction phase), procedures laid down in “Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878”. 3. OP 4.36 Forests This policy contributes to Bank's Environmental and mission of poverty reduction and Social Consultant of sustainable development through JPSIP management, conservation and sustainable development of forest ecosystems and their associated ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 9 Sl. World Bank Applicability Responsibility No. Policies/Guidelines resources. As the project site is located on forest land, this Policy would be triggered. 4. OP 4.10 Indigenous This policy contributes to the Bank's Environmental and Peoples mission of poverty reduction and Social Consultant of sustainable development by ensuring JPSIP/JPSIP that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples. For projects which are likely to have impact on the tribal community a Tribal Development Plan would be developed and implemented. 5. IFC/WB General EHS Recommendations of these guidelines Environmental and Guidelines would be incorporated in ESMP and Social Consultant and 6. IFC/WB Guidelines Bidding document for this project. Technical Consultant for Power of JPSIP Transmission and Distribution ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 10 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 PROJECT LOCATION All the two transmission line (viz., Kolebira – Kamdara and Kolebira – Simdega) traverses through the district of Simdega and Gumla. The administrative units through which each of the transmission line passes are enumerated in Table 3.1 and graphically presented in Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 respectively. Table 3.1 Administrative divisions through which the Transmission Lines traverse Sl. No Transmission line District Block Approx. segment [Angle Point(AP) from –to] 1 Kolebira – Kamdara Simdega Kolebira AP 1 –AP 24 Transmission line Gumla Basia AP 25– AP 42 Kamdara AP 43 – AP 56 2 Kolebira – Simdega Simdega Simdega AP 1- AP 12 Transmission line Kolebera AP 13- AP 37 Source: ERM Survey ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 11 Figure 3.1 Administrative Setting of Kolebira – Kamdara transmission line (TL) alignment ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 12 Figure 3.2 Administrative Setting of Kolebira – Simdega transmission line (TL) alignment 3.2 ACCESSIBILITY National Highway (NH) 143 traverses close to Kolebira – Simdega transmission line (TL) and intersects the TL near Angle Point (AP) 28, AP 22 and AP 17. State Highway (SH) 3 intersects the Kolebira – Kamdara TL near AP 12 near Kolebira substation and subsequently traverses almost parallel with the Kolebira – Kamdara TL, till Kamdara substation. NH 143 intersects ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 13 the Kolebira – Kamdara TL near AP 9. Also, SH 4 traverses close to Kolebira – Kamdara TL. The details of the locations where the Highway/Railway cut the two alignments are presented in Table 3.2. Table 3.2 Intersection of the Highways with the Transmission lines traverse Sl. No Transmission Line Highway/Railway Approx. segment [Angle Point(AP) from –to] 1 Kolebira – Simdega NH 143 AP 27 – AP 28; transmission line AP 22 – AP 23; AP 16 – AP 17 2 Kolebira – Kamdara NH 143 AP 9 – AP 10 transmission line SH 3 AP 11 – AP 12; AP 52 – AP 53 Source: ERM Survey For the above discussion, it is apparent that there are a number of highway traverses close to all the two alignments. For the purpose of construction these existing roads would be used for approaching the tower footing site and transmission line corridor. However, in case at some of the tower location, if there are issues with regards to access, the construction vehicle would ply over the agricultural field and no access road would be constructed. Accessibility map of the two transmission line is depicted in Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.4. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 14 Figure 3.3 Kolebira – Simdega transmission line (TL) alignment on Satellite Imagery ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 15 Figure 3.4 Kolebira – Kamdara transmission line (TL) alignment on Satellite Imagery 3.3 TRANSMISSION LINES PROJECT PHASES AND ACTIVITIES Different phases of transmission line projects are described below. 3.3.1 Project Planning At this stage, the route planning for the transmission line takes place. At planning stage, three alternative routes for each of the transmission line are identified avoiding sensitive areas such as the major settlements, forests etc. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 16 and based on other technical considerations. A preliminary level analysis is carried out to identify the best alternative. The typical activities which would be carried out during the project conceptualisation phases include:  Walkover surveys of the alternative alignment;  Techno-economic and Environmental and Social Analysis of the alternative alignment for deciding on the final;  Detailed survey of the final alignment; and  Soil investigation of the tower locations at regular interval to ascertain the type of foundation. 3.3.2 Project Construction Activities The construction of the transmission line route includes carrying out check surveys, site clearing, access road establishment, foundation construction, structure installation and finally energising. This phase is expected to take between 18 – 24 months to complete. The project construction activities would include a number of activities including:  Check Surveys;  Site Clearing including vegetation removal and tree felling;  Excavation for tower foundation, construction of the concrete bases for the transmission line pylons;  Hauling in of the pylon components and other raw materials;  Assembly and erection of the towers;  Stringing of the transmission line; and  Site rehabilitation. Check Surveys The check surveys are carried out by the contractor at the initiation for fixing the tower locations. At this point of time once the tower locations are known, the ownership of the land is identified by the Contractor with the help of the Revenue Department. Civil construction work would be initiated after the land owner has provided his/her consent and the compensations for damages have been paid. All construction activities would be carried out within the Right of Way for the safe operation of the transmission lines. The right of way for the 132 KV D/C transmission line is 27 m as per IS 5613. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 17 Figure 3.5 Right of Way for 132 KV Transmission Line Clearing of Sites At the tower footing site all vegetation in the footprint of the tower base and the working area of approximately 2 m on each side of the base are cleared of vegetation. Excavations The total depth of foundation, below ground level shall generally be 3.0 to 3.5 m ( 1). However, depth of tower foundations will vary depending on the soil 1F condition and tower type. Excavations would be carried out for the foundations of the towers using an excavator. Each excavation would be inspected and tested to confirm its suitability. The foundations would be filled up with concrete. As per Annexure 2.0 of the DPR a typical suspension tower ( 2) would require 4.7m X 4.7 m area. 2F The framework, reinforcing bars, embedded of the tower and any earthing elements would be placed in the pits. A 50 mm thick pre-stressed concrete cement pad is laid at the base of the foundation. Concrete will be sourced from a ‘ready-mix’ truck which will access the site or concrete will be mixed on site using a portable concrete mixer. Approximately, 10-15 m3 of concrete is required per tower. The steel used for the tower foundation would conform to IS 456-2000. The casting of the (1) Section 5.6.2.6 of Detail Project Report (DPR) (2) Annexure 2.0 of DPR considers Type 2 tower in Wind zone 2.0 Category 2 with single ASCR conductor as a typical conductor. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 18 foundation would take approximately 15- 30 days and would involve 15- 20 labours depending on the terrain and soil conditions. Approximately, 60 m3 of water is required daily for the purpose of construction and allied activities. Once the excavations have been filled, the concrete requires 28 days for curing. The excavated soil would be backfilled and compacted as per the good engineering practices. Figure 3.6 Typical Electrical Clearance Diagram for Tower Type – DD2 (Suspension Tower) Note- Information derived from Annexure 2.0 of Detail Project Report prepared by Design Consultant Erection of Tower The material for the construction of the tower would be delivered directly from the storage yard/lay down area directly to the tower construction site. The material would be brought to the site directly either by tractor trailer or manually depending on the accessibility. The tower construction would start after the setting of the concrete is complete. The setting time, as specified in the Indian Standards (usually 28 day) would be maintained before the construction of the tower can begin. About 50 litres of water would be required at each of the tower site for the purpose of curing. It is estimated that in Scheme W, 238 nos of towers would be constructed as presented in Table 3.3. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 19 Table 3.3 Estimated number of towers in Scheme W Sl. No Transmission line No of Towers (nos) 1. Kolebira - Simdega Transmission line 79 2. Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission line 159 Total Number of towers in Scheme W 238 Source: DPR The erection of the tower is done manually by assembling the prefabricated component of the lattice structure. The components are also hoisted manually by using a pulley system. Approximately 10-15 people are involved in the erection of the tower. Stringing of Conductors The stringing of the conductors can be done by either manual or tension method. Usually tension methods are used for stringing as this method keeps the conductor surface safe during stringing process. In this method, the conductor is kept under tension during the stringing process to keep the conductor clear of the ground. A pulling line is initially pulled into the travellers which are then used to pull the conductor from the reel stands using specially designed tensioners and pullers. There are basically two types of pulling machines used in the construction of transmission lines being strung under tension. These are defined as bull wheel and drum/reel-type. Pullers would be equipped with load-indicating and load-limiting devices. Tensioners would be equipped with tension indicating devices. The capacities of the puller and tensioner would be based on the conductor, span length, terrain, and clearances required above obstructions. Sag tensions can never exceed during stringing. Required capacity for both puller and tensioner can be calculated as mentioned in IEEE 524 ( 1) .Positive braking systems will be 3F required for pullers and tensioners to maintain conductor tension when pulling is stopped. Tree felling/lopping: Within the width of Right of Way (RoW), trees will be felled or lopped to the extent required, for preventing electrical hazard. As per Government of India Circular 7-25/2012-FC dated 5th May 2014, minimum clearance between conductor and trees would be 4m for 132 KV transmission line. The maximum sag and swing of the conductors are to be kept in view while working out the minimum clearance mentioned of 4m. In the case of transmission lines to be constructed in hilly areas, where adequate clearance is already available, trees will not be cut except those minimum required to be cut for stringing of conductors. (1) Guide for the Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductors ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 20 Figure 3.7 Minimum clearance between conductor and trees Note: Information derived from Government of India Circular 7-25/2012-FC dated 5th May 2014 3.4 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT 3.4.1 Land Requirement Land will be required both for transmission line tower footing and 27 meter Right of Way for the 132 kV transmission line. As the detail survey of route alignment is not yet completed, exact land requirement is yet finalized. As stated earlier in Environmental and Social Management Framework for this project that no land will be acquired for this project, only crop compensation will be paid to the land owner as per circle rate. Details regarding that will be amended after completion of detail survey. 3.4.2 Manpower The construction activity would be carried out by primarily three teams i) foundation ii) tower erection iii) stringing. The foundation construction team would have around 15-20 labours while the tower erection team which would follow would have 10-15 people. Finally the stringing team would also have around 20-30 people involved in the job. Since these teams would travelling along the transmission line they would preferably be staying on fly camps setup along the transmission corridor. However for storage on the material a laydown area would be constructed. The area would also be used for housing of labours. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 21 3.4.3 Water Uses The water usage would include water for both construction and domestic activity. During tower foundation approximately 60 m3 of water (60 KL) will be required daily while in the tower erection phase approximately 50 L of water would be required daily. During stringing phase the water requirement would be primarily for domestic activity only and would be in the tune of 25 L per day. 3.4.4 Vehicle usage Typical vehicles on site at all transmission lines include 2 trucks, 2-3 excavators and 6 light duty vehicles (LDV), puller and tensioner. 3.4.5 Major Material Required During Construction Equipment and material necessary for the construction of the transmission line is presented in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 Equipment and Material required for Transmission Line Sl. No Activity Equipment Required 1 Foundation of Stub of Towers Towers Stub Setting Templates Stub Setting jacks From boxes for concreting Wooden planks for shuttering Concrete mixer machines , Vibrating Machines, Dewatering Pumps Back hoe Excavator Sand Cement Aggregate Metal Screens and other tools and tackles related for excavation , concreting and backfilling 2 Erection of Tower Tower steel Members , nuts, bolts and rivets Derrick Poles for lifting of the tower members Poly propylene rope for Guying purpose Pulleys tools and tackles 3 Stringing of Conductors and earth wire drums Conductor and earth wire Insulator discs hardware filings and accessories Tensioner and puller machine for stringing purpose Pilot wires for paying off earth wire Hydraulic compressor machine for making joints of conductors Pulley and sheaves , roller , clamps wires , ropes etc for stringing purpose ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 22 3.5 WASTES 3.5.1 Wastewater The wastewater generated at the construction phase would be primarily domestic wastewater from construction camp and laydown areas. These would be treated through septic tank and soak pit. In case of fly camp for the construction of the transmission bio-toilets would be provided. 3.5.2 Solid Waste The solid waste generated from the construction activities would be primarily municipal solid waste. 3.6 PROJECT TIMELINE AND PROJECT COST The estimated cost for the Scheme W is INR 115.28 crores while that of the transmission lines is INR 54.22 crores. The time estimated for the construction period is 24 months. Most of the construction activity would be carried out during the non-monsoon. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 23 4 METHODOLOGY OF ESIA A project level Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is method of systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of the proposed transmission line project relative to the physical, biological and socioeconomic components of the environment. The ESIA study can be considered as an important project management tool that can assist in collecting and analyzing information on the environmental & social effects of a project and ultimately identify actions which can ensure that the projects benefits outweigh the impact on the bio-physical and social environment. The activities which have been undertaken in each of these steps/stages are presented in the subsection below. 4.1 SCREENING & SCOPING An initial reconnaissance was conducted along the two transmission lines to understand prevailing environment and social setting in its immediate vicinity and use it as a basis of screening and scoping exercise for the ESIA. As defined in the ESMF, a two stage screening process was followed for transmission line project. The first level of screening was carried out with the analysis of the alternative. While developing the alternatives, following criteria were considered:  Exclusion of protected areas such as Wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, Eco-Sensitive Zones etc.;  Avoidance of forest area as much as possible;  Avoidance of settlements as much as possible; and  Technical constraints such as crossing e.g. rivers, railways, roads should be as low as possible. The second stage of screening was carried out to identify and avoid/reduce forest land (wherever possible) on the best alternative. During this stage the best alignment was scanned for identifying any stretch of the alignment which has passed through any forest land. Outcomes of the second stage screening were communicated to the Design Consultant for further consideration during the detailed survey stage. At this stage, Design Consultant would also ensure that no houses are falling within the RoW of the transmission line. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 24 Figure 4.1 Two Stage Screening Process As per the ESMF, an initial environmental and social examination (IESE) was conducted to determine whether or not there would be key environmental and social impacts from the construction and operation of two transmission lines. The results of the IESE has been recorded in an Environmental and Social Impact Identification Matrix presented in the IA Section (Chapter 7) and was used as a tool for scoping the ESIA for potential environmental and social issues of concern. The IESE also helped in determining the requirement for other specialized studies e.g. Biodiversity Action Plan and Tribal People Plan. 4.2 BASELINE STUDIES Establishing baseline helps in understanding the prevailing environmental and socio economic status of the study area. It provides the background environmental and social conditions for prediction of the future environmental & social characteristics of the area due to the operation of the proposed project during its life cycle. Considering the project activity described in Chapter 3 it is anticipated that scale and magnitude of project related impacts are likely to be perceived in an area within 500 m both side of the alignment and has been considered to be the study area for the ESIA. Site surveys were conducted in the study area understand the environmental setting of the alignments and the study area, understanding of the drainage patterns, presence of physiographic features e.g. hillocks, rocky outcrops, location of the habitations with respect to the alignment etc. Ecological surveys and community consultations were also conducted to collect the information related to the local community and biological environmental conditions of the study area. Secondary baseline data collection involved identifying and collecting available published material and documents on relevant environmental and social aspects (like soil quality, hydrogeology, hydrology, drainage pattern, ecology, meteorology and socio- ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 25 economic conditions) from veritable sources including Govt. Departments, Research papers, etc. 4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT The key aim of the impact assessment process was to characterize and evaluate potential environmental and social impacts arising out of the project and prioritize them so that they can be effectively addressed through Environment & Social Management Plans (ESMPs). The potential impacts have been identified through a systematic process wherein the activities (both planned and unplanned) associated with the project, across the construction and operational phases have been considered with respect to their potential to interact with environmental and social resources or receptors. Thereafter, sequential impact assessment steps involving impact prediction, evaluation, mitigation and enhancement and evaluation of residual impacts have been followed in a phased manner. Prediction of impacts was undertaken as an objective exercise to determine what could potentially happen to the environmental and social receptors as a consequence of the project and its associated activities and took into account baseline conditions at site, stakeholder’s opinion and expert judgement. The evaluation of impacts was done using a semi-quantitative, based on the delineation of a set of criteria as follows:  Scale: Degree of damage that may be caused to the environmental & social components concerned.  Extent: The extent refers to spatial or geographical extent of impact due to proposed project and related activities.  Duration: The temporal scale of the impact in terms of how long it is expected to last.  Magnitude: Degree of change caused by a project activity is a function of Scale, Extent and Duration, as applicable.  Vulnerability of Receptor: Represents the sensitivity of the receptor based on the relationship between the project and present baseline environment (the receptor). Once magnitude of impact and sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance of resource/ receptor have been characterized, the significance was assigned for each impact using an impact score for each criteria, following a systematic rating method, leading to the qualification of significance of impact as Negligible, Minor, Moderate and Major. The overall impact assessment methodology is presented in below figure. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 26 Figure 4.2 Impact Assessment Process 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PREPARATION The Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) along with a Monitoring Plan has been prepared for the construction and operation of the transmission line. The ESMP would act as a guidance document for JPSIP to ensure that they can implement the project in an environmentally sound manner where project planners and design agencies, contractors, relevant government departments and stakeholders of concern understand the potential impacts arising out of the proposed project and take appropriate actions to properly manage them. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 27 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE The environmental and social information along the alternative alignments were collated and based on these information, Analysis of Alternative for Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line are carried out and presented in Table 5.1. Alternative alignments of Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line on Survey of India Toposheet/Satellite Imagery is presented in Annexure 2. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 28 Table 5.1 Environmental and Social details for Transmission Line Sl. Description Kolebira – Kamdara Transmission Line Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line No Alternative-1 Alternative-2 Alternative-3 Alternative-1 Alternative-2 Alternative-3 1 Route particulars Length (km) 38.639 KM 43.235 KM 40.531 KM 16.449 KM 18.027 KM 24.786 KM Terrain Undulation Undulation Undulation Undulation Undulation Undulation 2 Environmental Details Settlement in AP-4 Kolebira AP-4 Kolebira AP-6 Kolebira AP-30 Biru 400m AP-24 Nawatoli AP-36 Nawatoli Alignment 700m; 700m; 600m; 500m 200m (within 2km) AP-10 Tapkara AP-13 Tapkara AP-22 Lasia 300m; 700m; 700m; AP-40 Bakaspur AP-18 Karamtoli AP-23 Karamtoli 900m; 600m; 600m; AP-44 Gargi 400m; AP-25 Kurdeg AP-35 Launga AP-53 Kamdara 800m; 1000m; 600m AP-32 Konbir AP-40 Konbir 600m; 600m; AP-38 Basia 800m; AP-51 Basia 800m; AP-51 Kamdara AP-62 Nawatoli 600m 800m; AP-66 Kamdara 600m Houses within RoW 3 9 11 2 4 9 3 Forest Details Forest Area in km AP (1-2) – 110m; AP (1-2) – 110m; AP (1-2) – 100m; AP (1-3) – 800m; AP (1-3) – 800m; AP (1-3) – 800m; AP (3-4) – 300m; AP (3-4) – 300m; AP (37-38) – 200m AP (4-5) – 770m; AP (4-5) – 770m; AP (4-5) – 770m; AP (5-6) – 280m; AP (15-16) – AP (7-9) – 1300m; AP (7-8) – 1300m; AP (16-31) – 9700m; AP (12-13) – 100m; 400m; AP (9-20) – 5500m; AP (9-20) – 6100m; AP (40-43) – 1000m AP (16-17) – 100m; AP (20-21) – AP (24-26) – 1400m AP (25-29)- 1600m AP (24-25) – 100m 300m; Type of forest Protected Forest Protected Forest Protected Forest Protected Forest Protected Forest Protected Forest Historical and cultural None None None None None None monuments 4 Compensation Crop Compensation Impact on crop if stringing is carried out during cropping Impact on crop if stringing is carried out during cropping season. season. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 29 Sl. Description Kolebira – Kamdara Transmission Line Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line No Alternative-1 Alternative-2 Alternative-3 Alternative-1 Alternative-2 Alternative-3 5 No of crossings Road 3 5 3 3 1 1 Railway 0 0 0 0 0 0 Transmission Lines 2 2 1 1 2 2 River Crossing 1 1 1 0 1 1 ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 30 Based on this exercise, Alternative 1 for Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line are found to be the least disturbance in terms of social and environmental issues and based on technical consideration (such as length, river/canal crossings, railway crossing, road crossing, EHV line crossing etc.). Technically, the Alignment 1 for Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line has been considered as best alignment and selected for detailed surveys. The second stage of screening (refer Table 5.2) was carried out to identify and avoid forest land (wherever possible). At this stage, the final alignment was scanned for identifying any stretch of the transmission line which has passed through any forest land. Through this exercise, it was observed that both the transmission lines have passed through forest area. Findings of this exercise were communicated to the Design Consultant for further consideration during the detailed survey stage. At this stage, Design Consultant would also ensure that there are no houses within the RoW of the transmission line. Table 5.2 Second Level Screening carried out during the ESIA Line Area of Concern Descriptio n Kolebira The – alignment Simdega between AP 1 to AP 3 would intersect protected forest The alignment between AP 4 to AP 5 would intersect protected forest ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 31 Line Area of Concern Descriptio n The alignment between AP 7 to AP 9 would intersect protected forest The alignment between AP 9 to AP 20 would intersect protected forest The alignment between AP 24 to AP 26 would intersect protected forest Kolebira The - alignment Kamdar between a AP 1 to AP 2 would intersect forest ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 32 Line Area of Concern Descriptio n The alignment between AP 3 and AP 4 would intersect Protected Forest. The alignment between AP 5 and AP 6 would intersect Protected Forest. The alignment between AP 12 and AP 13 would intersect Protected Forest. The alignment between AP 16 and AP 17 would intersect Forest. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 33 Line Area of Concern Descriptio n The alignment between AP 24 and AP 25 would intersect Open Forest. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 34 6 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 6.1 INTRODUCTION This section establishes the baseline environmental and socio economic status of the study area to provide a context within which the impacts of the Project are to be assessed. Establishing baseline helps in understanding the prevailing environmental and socio economic status of the study area. It provides the background environmental and social conditions for prediction of the future environmental characteristics of the area based on the operation of the new/ expansion activity of the project during its life cycle. It also helps in environmental and social management planning and strategy to minimise any potential impact due to the Project activities on surrounding environment. 6.2 TERRAIN The Simdega district consists of Simdega plateau with rugged topography with turbulent streams, steep slopes, high cliffs and narrow valleys. The general slope of the district is from north to south. Gumla district is a part of Ranchi plateau. The northern part of the district has higher plateau area where undulations are more marked and the land has an average elevation of 700 meters. The general slope of the district is from north to south. A review of the relief (1) the areas along Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira – Kamdara TL alignments indicates that both the TL alignments mainly passes through nearly level, very gently sloping and moderately sloping area. However, at some stretches the alignment passes through the area having strongly sloping, steep to steeply sloping and very steeply sloping (refer Table 6.1). Table 6.1 TL Alignment passing through Sloping Area Sl. TL Alignment Type of Slope Approx. segment [Angle Point (AP) from - No. to ] 1. Kolebira - Strongly sloping AP 3 -4, AP 9 - 10, AP 11 -12, AP 30 - 34 Simdega (10-15%) Very steeply sloping AP 10 -11 (33-50%) (1)Nearly Level: 0-1% (Class A), Very Gentle Sloping : 1-3% (Class B); Gentle Sloping 3-5% (Class C); Moderately Sloping : 5-10% (Class D); Strongly Sloping : 10-15% (Class E); Moderately Steep Sloping : 15-20% (Class F), Steep Sloping: 25-33% (Class G); Very Steep Sloping: 33-50% (Class H), Very Very Steep: Over 50% (Class I); Soil Survey Manual 1960, All India Soil and Land Survey Organisation. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 35 Sl. TL Alignment Type of Slope Approx. segment [Angle Point (AP) from - No. to ] 2. Kolebira - Strongly sloping AP 7 - 8 Kamdera (10-15%) Steep to steeply sloping AP 4 -5, AP 38 - 39 (25-33%) Very steeply sloping AP 49 -50 (33-50%) 6.3 LAND USE & LAND COVER The landuse land cover was assessed within a radius of 500 m from the transmission lines. From this assessment, it was observed that, both the transmission lines primarily passes through single cropped land (Kharif cropped). Also, stretches of Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line (AP 1-2, AP 3–4, AP 5-6, AP 12-13, AP 16-17, AP 24-25) traverses through forest land. Similarly, stretches of Kolebira - Simdega transmission line (AP 1-3, AP 4-5, AP 7-9, AP 9-20, AP 24-26) traverses through forest land. Approx. 990m of Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line traverses through forest land, whereas, approx. 9770m (9.77km) of Kolebira - Simdega transmission line traverses through forest land. 6.4 SOIL Soils in both the Gumla and Simdega district have formed as a result of insitu weathering of crystalline rock (granite & gneisses), climate, topography and vegetation have contributed in the formation of soils in the area. Soils found in Simdega and Gumla district are district – Alluvial soil, Grey eroded scarp soil, Red calcareous soil and Forest soil. The majority of all the two transmission line in Gumla and Simdega district passes through coarse loamy, loamy and fine soil. 6.5 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY The climate of Simdega district represents a transition between the dry and extreme climate of northern India and the warm and humid climate of West Bengal. Winter commences from mid-November and extends up to the middle of March, December and January being the coldest months. The winter is characterised by heavy dew, thick fog and associated with cold waves. The winter is followed by summer which lasts till mid – June and then monsoon sets in which generally lasts till the end of September. During winter the mercury drops to 4 °C and during summer it shoots up to 46 °C. The relative humidity varies between 50 – 60%. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 36 6.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT There is no industrial area set up in 500 m of the proposed Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line. The source of generation of air pollutants is primarily from the transportation corridors (i.e. NH 143, SH 3 and SH 4) and from burning of fossil fuels for domestic purpose. Therefore, the ambient air quality is representative of typical rural air-shed. 6.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Within the study area (500m of each side of proposed transmission line) of both the transmission line, no industrial area setup was observed. The source of noise in the study area is primarily from the plying of vehicles on NH 143, SH 3 and SH 4 and other roads. Therefore, the ambient noise quality along Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara transmission line is representative of residential areas. 6.8 DRAINAGE As per the site reconnaissance and review of the Survey of India Toposheet and satellite imagery, it was observed that both Kolebira –Simdega and Kolebira – Kamdara transmission line are part of the Sankh River Basin. Sankh River flows approximately 2 km north-west of Kolebira - Simdega transmission line. 6.9 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The transmission line stretches are located in Simdega and Gumla district of Jharkhand. The proposed lines fall in 6B Deccan Peninsula – Chota-Nagpur plateau bio-geographic province. Natural vegetation in the region can be broadly classified into C3 Moist Mix Deciduous Forests and 5B Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests. C3 Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests – This forest can be mainly found in some patches of narrow valley. Sal (Shorea robusta) is the dominant species. Other species that are associated with sal, in this type of forest are Terminalia tomentosa, Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania latifolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Haldina cordifolia, Lannea grandis, Boswellia serrata etc. 5B Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests – Dominant species is sal (Shorea robusta). Other species that are associated with sal are Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Haldina cordifolia, Madhuca latifolia, Butea monosperma, Buchanania latifolia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Ailanthus excelsa, Cassia fistula etc. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 37 6.9.1 Vegetation within the Study area Forest Vegetation The Kolebira-Kamdega and Kolebira-Simdega transmission lines pass through few areas of forest stretches. Sal (Shorea robusta) is the most dominant tree of the forest areas. Other common tree species recorded are Palas (Butea monosperma), Mohua (Madhuca latifolia), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Ghoraneem (Ailanthus excelsa). Semal (Bombax ceiba), Babool (Acacia nilotica), Bans (Bambusa arundinacea), Bakul (Mimusops elengi), Sirish (Albizia lebeck), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Wad (Ficus benghalensis), Teak (Tectona grandis), Jarul (Lagerstroemia speciosa), Siris (Albizia lebeck), Kadam (Haldina cordifolia), Aam (Mangifera indica), Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer), Homestead plantation During the primary survey trees like Aam (Mangifera indica), Imli (Tamarindus indica), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Eucayptus sp., Bakul (Mimusops elengi), Chhatim (Alstonia scholaris), Champa (Michelia champaca), Sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer), Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Ghoraneem (Ailanthus excelsa), Semal (Bombax ceiba), Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Mohua (Madhuca latifolia), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Wad (Ficus benghalensis), Radhachura (Peltophorum pterocarpum), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Kadam (Haldina cordifolia), Chhatim (Alstonia scholaris), Siris (Albizzia lebbek), Shisham (Dalbergia sisso), Bans (Bambusa arundinacea), etc. were found to occur frequently in proximity to the human settlement areas. Roadside plantation Along the roadside following trees were recorded Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Rain tree (Samanea saman), Shisham (Dalbergia sisso), Semal (Bombax ceiba), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Sagwan (Tectona grandis) Gulmohor (Delonix regia), Gular (Ficus racemosa), Wad (Ficus benghalensis), Amaltas (Cassia Fistula) etc. Open Scrub The species observed in open scrublands are Palas (Butea monosperma), Mohua (Madhuca latifolia), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Babool (Acacia nilotica), Sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer), Ber (Ziziphus xylopyra), Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) etc. Riparian Vegetation Riparian vegetation is observed on the sides of rivers and streams and waterbodies. Major vegetation observed are Semal (Bombax ceiba), Eucayptus sp., Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Wad (Ficus benghalensis), Babool (Acacia nilotica), Shisham (Dalbergia sisso), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Eucalyptus sp. etc. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 38 Trees within transmission line corridors Tree species present with number of individuals within the transmission line corridors for Kolebira-Kamdega and Kolebira-Simdega are listed in Appendix. Invasive Alien species Major invasive species recorded during the study are Acacia auriculiformis, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus etc. 6.9.2 Wildlife Habitat and Faunal Diversity Wild Life Habitat No Sensitive Ecological Habitat like National Park, Wild Life Sanctuary, Tiger Reserve or Elephant Reserve is located within the study area of the transmission lines. However, Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary is located at approx. 3.5 km of Kolebira – Kamdara transmission line and approx. 8 km from the Kolebira – Simdega transmission line respectively. Faunal Diversity Herpetofauna Three species of amphibians viz. Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), Indian Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) and Skittering Frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) etc. are observed from the study area. All the species are listed Least Concern as per IUCN Classification (IUCN Version 2017-3). 12 species of reptiles were observed/reported from the study area. The list includes Common Vine Snake (Ahaetulla nasuta), Indian Cobra (Naja naja), Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus), Indian Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosus), Russel’s Viper (Daboia russellii), Banded Krait (Bungarus fasciatus), Checkered Keelback (Xenochrophis piscator), Trinket Snake (Coelognathus helena), Fan-Throated Lizard (Sitana ponticeriana), Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), Common Indian Skink (Eutropis carinata), Indian Monitor (Varanus bengalensis). The list includes one Schedule I species viz. Indian monitor and four Schedule II species as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act (IWPA) viz. Indian Cobra, Checkered Keelback, Indian Rat Snake and Russel’s Viper. Avifauna A total of 57 species of avifauna were recorded from the study area. The species list includes terrestrial and aquatic birds. Terrestrial and aquatic birds recorded are presented below. Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Bank Myna (Acridotheres ginginianus), Black Headed Oriole (Oriolus larvatus), Asian Pied Starling (Gracupica contra), Shikra (Accipiter badius), Spotted Owlet (Athene brama), Plain Prinia (Prinia inornata)Ashy Prinia (Prinia socialis), Greater Coucal (Centropus sinensis) Asian ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 39 Palm Swift (Cypsiurus balasiensis), Indian Tree Pie (Dendrocitta vagabunda), Scarlet Minivet (Pericrocotus speciosus), Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis), Long tailed Shrike (Lanius schach), Common Pigeon (Columba livia), Black Winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Red Whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), Spotted Dove (Spilopelia chinensis), Ashy drongo (Dicrurus leucophaeus) Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), Paddyfield Pipit (Anthus rufulus), House Swift (Apus nipalensis), House Crow (Corvus splendens), Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus), Coppersmith Barbet (Psilopogon haemacephalus), Black- hooded oriole (Oriolus xanthornus) Little Green bee-eater (Merops orientalis), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus), Rose- ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Red- vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Indian Robin (Copsychus fulicatus), Oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis), Jungle babbler (Turdoides striata) etc. Aquatic birds- Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Indian Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii), White-breasted Waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus), Bronze Winged Jacana (Metopidius indicus), White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea), Red-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus), Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Black Headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), Little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Intermediate Egret (Ardea intermedia), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis), White-throated Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis), Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), Little Cormorant (Microcarbo niger), Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans), Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio), etc. Shikra (Accipiter badius), Black Kite (Milvus migrans) and Black Winged Kite (Elanus caereleus) are listed as Schedule I as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) and Black Headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) are listed as Near Threatened as per IUCN Classification (IUCN version 2017-3). Mammals Total 13 species of mammals are reported/recorded from the study area. The mammals observed/reported in the study area are Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus), Five Striped Palm Squirrel (Funambulus pennantii), Common Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Northern Plains Langur (Semnopithecus entellus), Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta),Wild Pig (Sus scrofa), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus), Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), House Rat (Rattus rattus), Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica), Lesser Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota bengalensis), Greater Bandicoot (Bandicota indica) etc. The list includes one Schedule I species Indian Elephant and five Schedule II species viz. Golden Jackal, Small Indian Civet, Common Grey Mongoose, ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 40 Indian Northern Plains Langur and Rhesus macaque. Indian Elephant is listed as Endangered as per IUCN Classification (IUCN version 2017-3). 6.9.3 Critical Habitat Assessment IFC Guidance Notes (GN57) for PS-6 defines that internationally and/or nationally recognized areas of high biodiversity value will likely qualify as Critical Habitat (CH), which includes Protected Areas, Important Bird Areas (IBA). The study area is not located in proximity to any protected areas and IBAs. Critical Habitat Triggers Critical habitat is defined under IFC PS6. Critical habitats are areas with: high biodiversity value, including; (i) habitat of significant importance to Critically Endangered and/or Endangered species; (ii) habitat of significant importance to endemic and/or restricted range species; (iii) habitat supporting globally significant concentrations of migratory species and/or congregatory species; (iv) highly threatened and/or unique ecosystems; and/or (v) areas associated with key evolutionary processes “ IUCN Endangered species, Indian Elephant movement is reported near the Kolebira GSS area and other parts of the forest areas in the vicinity of the transmission lines by local foresters and villagers. Hence, assessment for Critical Habitat is undertaken as a screening process against the criteria defined within the IFC PS 6 Guidance Note. Criterion relevant for triggering the CHA as per IFC PS-6 is presented in Annexure 10 and Candidate Critical Habitat Species Assessment is presented in Annexure 11. 6.10 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT This section deals with the baseline socio-economic environment of the associated proposed transmission lines of proposed Kolebira Substation (Scheme W). The following section discusses the methodology used for the socio-economic assessment. The subsequent sections discuss the baseline profile of the villages within the study area. The information provided has been primarily derived from the secondary sources (Census of India). In addition, information was also collected during the discussions at the villages with the local community members. The village-wise secondary data (obtained from Census, 2011) has been taken into consideration for analyzing the socio-economic profile of the project area. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 41 6.10.1 Study Area The study area for this study is defined as area within 500 meter of each side of proposed transmission line. Total 34 villages (Total 36 villages but among this, 2 villages were common to both the transmission lines) are located within the 1 km (500 meter each side) buffer of two proposed transmission line. Line wise details of these villages are provided in Table 6.2 Table 6.2 List of the Villages Located Within Study Area Transmission Line Number of Village Block District Kolebira-Simdega 6 Simdega Simdega Transmission Line 6 Kolebira 9 Kolebira Simdega Kolebira-Kamdara 10 Basia Gumla Transmission Line 5 Kamdara 6.10.1 General Socioeconomic Profile The demographic profile in terms of total population, household size and sex- ratio of the above mentioned selected villages has been summarized in the sections below and presented in Table 6.3. Population and Household Size As per the 2011 Census records, the study area, covering 34 villages, has a total of 9771 households and a population of 48,141. Majority of the population in the study area falls in the rural category. Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line: Among 12 villages located within the study area of Kolebira-Simdega transmission line, Biru (4364) has the highest population lived in 934 household and the lowest populations were recorded in Jokari (120) and total household no is 23. The household size of above mention 12 villages generally ranged within 4.60 to 5.49 with an average household size of 4.99. Kolebira-Kamdara Transmission Line: Among 24 villages located within the study area of Kolebira-Kamdara transmission line, Kolebira (4659) has the highest population lived in 961 household and the lowest populations were recorded in Suturbula (113) and total number of household is 23. The household size of above mention 24 villages generally ranged within 4.27 to 5.66 with an average household size of 4.97. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 42 Table 6.3 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Villages Househo % SC %ST %Fema No. of Total % Male % Female % % Male Village ld Sex Ratio Populati Populati le Household Population Population Population Literate Literate size on on Literate Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line Biru 934 4364 4.67 50.60 49.40 976 15.72 51.01 68.70 77.37 59.86 Bakatangar 51 266 5.22 51.50 48.50 942 0.00 29.70 53.67 64.71 40.40 Bindhartoli 93 511 5.49 46.97 53.03 1129 13.89 63.99 77.18 85.10 69.59 Belkarcha 40 184 4.60 46.20 53.80 1165 0.54 85.87 72.12 78.21 66.67 Jokari 23 120 5.22 47.50 52.50 1105 0.00 76.67 87.88 93.48 83.02 Arani 222 1178 5.31 51.19 48.81 954 8.40 89.30 69.45 76.52 61.98 Nawatoli 425 2112 4.97 51.61 48.39 938 24.81 50.05 68.35 73.62 62.93 Gobardhasa 61 296 4.85 51.69 48.31 935 14.53 85.47 74.70 81.89 67.21 Sundratoli 57 291 5.11 53.26 46.74 877 22.68 64.95 72.73 87.10 57.63 Machka 34 165 4.85 46.67 53.33 1143 18.79 81.21 63.40 69.57 58.33 Kadamtanr 65 319 4.91 51.72 48.28 933 33.86 65.83 71.05 77.94 63.85 Bhanwarpahari 207 965 4.66 50.67 49.33 973 42.80 47.98 65.33 72.13 58.21 Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission Line Murga 111 545 4.91 49.72 50.28 1011 10.46 76.51 67.98 78.63 56.76 Loenga 208 978 4.70 47.85 52.15 1090 0.00 60.43 73.55 82.03 65.97 Garai 270 1374 5.09 50.22 49.78 991 0.22 59.24 62.24 71.64 52.59 Kamdara 781 3742 4.79 47.33 52.67 1113 11.20 36.37 81.25 87.90 75.37 Jariya 74 316 4.27 54.75 45.25 827 0.00 59.49 77.34 90.13 61.90 Basiya 821 3985 4.85 49.66 50.34 1014 10.61 43.94 74.84 82.81 66.86 Suturbula 20 113 5.65 48.67 51.33 1055 0.00 92.04 73.00 86.54 58.33 Tirra 172 865 5.03 49.36 50.64 1026 2.54 43.82 77.66 84.95 70.53 Konbir 495 2434 4.92 49.10 50.90 1037 8.50 44.70 75.52 81.47 69.81 Areya 230 1126 4.90 49.73 50.27 1011 5.24 78.24 66.70 74.38 59.00 Kurdega 30 165 5.50 44.85 55.15 1230 0.00 90.30 86.00 91.04 81.93 Patura 204 1077 5.28 50.60 49.40 976 12.07 55.62 73.76 83.99 63.41 Kindarkela 243 1376 5.66 52.25 47.75 914 0.00 31.83 73.02 81.69 63.69 Launga 442 2215 5.01 50.43 49.57 983 9.03 36.98 69.78 77.57 61.97 Kelga 479 2452 5.12 48.61 51.39 1057 3.47 61.05 70.23 77.04 63.78 Bhanwarpahari 207 965 4.66 50.67 49.33 973 42.80 47.98 65.33 72.13 58.21 Nawatoli 425 2112 4.97 51.61 48.39 938 24.81 50.05 68.35 73.62 62.93 Kolebira 961 4659 4.85 51.04 48.96 959 10.39 35.20 83.87 89.16 78.33 Jamtoli 349 1879 5.38 50.56 49.44 978 33.90 46.94 67.96 77.30 58.62 ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 43 Househo % SC %ST %Fema No. of Total % Male % Female % % Male Village ld Sex Ratio Populati Populati le Household Population Population Population Literate Literate size on on Literate Tangartoli 83 375 4.52 51.47 48.53 943 0.00 64.53 61.11 66.88 54.79 Karamtoli 110 503 4.57 52.68 47.32 898 0.20 78.93 58.31 62.39 53.99 Jurkela 195 967 4.96 49.74 50.26 1010 0.00 92.24 68.27 69.33 67.23 Agharma 399 1949 4.88 50.59 49.41 977 0.00 68.19 75.20 84.87 65.79 Larba 250 1198 4.79 50.42 49.58 983 12.02 53.67 71.77 76.33 67.13 Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011 ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 44 Sex Ratio Average sex ratio of the study area villages was recorded 987 which is comparatively higher than the State average (948). Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line: Among above mentioned 12 study area villages, Belkarcha (1167) has the highest sex ratio and the lowest sex ratio was recorded in Sundratoli (877) and the average sex ratio is 1006 which is comparatively higher than the state averages of Jharkhand (948). Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission Line: Among above mentioned 24 study area villages, Kurdega (1230) has the highest sex ratio and the lowest sex ratio was recorded in Jariya (827) and the average sex ratio is 1000 which is much higher than the state averages of Jharkhand (948). Scheduled Caste (SC) & Scheduled Tribes (ST) The overall demographic data of all 40 selected villages shows that the ST population are comparatively higher than SC population in these villages. Average ST and SC population in the study area villages were 14.57% and 53.88% respectively. Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line: Among above mentioned 12 study area villages, highest SC and ST population were recorded in Bhanwarpahari (42.80%) and Arani (89.30%) respectively. Lowest SC and ST population were recorded in Belkarcha (0.54%) and Bakatangar (29.70%) respectively. There are two villages, namely Bakatangar and Jokari where SC populations are nil. Average SC and ST population in the above mention 12 villages were recorded 16.34% and 66.00% respectively. Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission Line: Among above mentioned 24 study area villages, highest SC and ST population were recorded in Bhanwarpahari (42.80%) and Jurkela (92.24%) respectively. Lowest SC and ST population recorded in Karamtoli (0.20%) and Kindarkela (31.83%) respectively. There are eight villages where SC population is not found. Average SC and ST population the above mention villages were recorded 8.23% and 58.68% respectively. Education & Literacy The study of the education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to have an understanding whether the proposed project can utilize skilled human resources available within the area. According to 2011 census data, the average literacy rate in 34 study area villages was 71.35%. Average male and female literacy rate in the study area was recorded 78.68% and 63.96% respectively. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 45 Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line: Among above mentioned 12 study area villages, the average literacy rate was 70.38% and highest and lowest literacy rate was recorded in Jokari (87.88%) and Bakatangar (53.67%). Average male and female literacy rate in the study area was recorded 78.13% and 62.47% respectively. Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission Line: Among above mentioned 24 study area villages, the average literacy rate was 71.79% and highest and lowest literacy rate was recorded in Kurdega (86.00%) and Karamtoli (58.31%). Average male and female literacy rate in the study area was recorded 79.33% and 64.12% respectively. Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern The relevance of economic activity and livelihood pattern is important in the context of the study since depending on the existing situation one can predict the impact of the project activity on the economy of the region. Summary of work force participation in different selected villages is mentioned in Table 6.4 below. Table 6.4 Livelihood Profile in the Study Area Village WPR (%) Main Marginal Cultivator Agricultur HH Other Worker Worker (%) al Labour work (%) ( %) (%) (%) er (%) Kolebira - Simdega Transmission Line Biru 34.19 53.22 46.78 52.61 22.72 2.21 22.45 Bakatangar 62.03 40.61 59.39 89.70 8.48 0.00 1.82 Bindhartoli 43.05 79.09 20.91 61.36 23.64 0.45 14.55 Belkarcha 41.30 59.21 40.79 51.32 36.84 1.32 10.53 Jokari 25.83 100.00 0.00 35.48 0.00 0.00 64.52 Arani 54.41 69.42 30.58 86.27 2.81 0.00 10.92 Nawatoli 49.86 49.00 51.00 24.50 43.68 7.22 24.60 Gobardhasa 58.11 13.37 86.63 69.77 13.95 0.58 15.70 Sundratoli 43.99 3.91 96.09 72.66 19.53 0.78 7.03 Machka 60.00 66.67 33.33 82.83 8.08 4.04 5.05 Kadamtanr 73.35 20.09 79.91 79.91 14.96 0.00 5.13 Bhanwarpahari 64.35 31.08 68.92 33.01 57.65 2.90 6.44 Kolebira - Kamdara Transmission Line Murga 24.59 85.07 14.93 76.12 10.45 0.75 12.69 Loenga 49.59 51.13 48.87 22.89 24.12 24.74 28.25 Garai 56.26 95.08 4.92 75.94 15.52 3.75 4.79 Kamdara 36.00 70.38 29.62 35.04 17.37 10.69 36.90 Jariya 44.30 98.57 1.43 70.00 2.86 0.00 27.14 Basiya 38.52 59.54 40.46 11.86 49.90 2.41 35.83 Suturbula 54.87 91.94 8.06 32.26 54.84 0.00 12.90 Tirra 52.14 21.29 78.71 1.55 76.27 4.66 17.52 Konbir 39.56 60.02 39.98 12.25 53.06 2.49 32.19 Areya 40.05 29.93 70.07 68.29 25.94 0.67 5.10 Kurdega 49.70 8.54 91.46 91.46 0.00 0.00 8.54 Patura 52.46 2.48 97.52 44.07 52.39 0.18 3.36 Kindarkela 37.35 36.96 63.04 31.32 58.95 3.50 6.23 Launga 34.85 53.76 46.24 9.46 75.13 4.53 10.88 Kelga 44.05 49.35 50.65 27.78 51.39 5.56 15.28 Bhanwarpahari 64.35 31.08 68.92 33.01 57.65 2.90 6.44 Nawatoli 49.86 49.00 51.00 24.50 43.68 7.22 24.60 ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 46 Village WPR (%) Main Marginal Cultivator Agricultur HH Other Worker Worker (%) al Labour work (%) ( %) (%) (%) er (%) Kolebira 32.15 75.23 24.77 18.22 9.75 5.81 66.22 Jamtoli 59.34 26.82 73.18 42.33 47.53 4.04 6.10 Tangartoli 46.13 92.49 7.51 89.02 6.36 1.16 3.47 Karamtoli 66.80 47.32 52.68 44.94 47.02 4.76 3.27 Jurkela 37.33 51.25 48.75 66.76 22.99 1.66 8.59 Agharma 48.90 80.17 19.83 78.80 13.64 0.42 7.14 Larba 51.34 41.95 58.05 49.43 32.85 12.52 5.20 Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011 Work Participation ratio (WPR) (1), defined as percentage of total workers including main and marginal workers out of the total population of the study area, is 44.41% which suggests the study area villages have relatively higher unemployment rate as most of people are involved in agriculture. It can be seen from the following figures, the study area is characterised by dominance of main worker who are involved in same work more than 6 month in a year. It can be also observed that farm base and non-farm based livelihoods, both are the primary and secondary sources of livelihood. In farm based livelihood, people mostly involved as both cultivator and agricultural labour while in case of non-farm based livelihood community are involved as labour and other activities. Other noticeable aspects as evident in the above table is that proportion of Cultivators (CL) is relatively high in majority of the study area villages, which indicates number of farmers having sufficient land holding for their livelihood is on higher side in study area and community consultation also reveals that most of the people of local community has marginal to small landholding which is not sufficient for earning their livelihood. 6.10.2 Gender Profile Sex Ratio Sex ratio is one of the most important indicators defining gender equality. This indicates improvement in one of the Human Development indicators that can enhance gender equality influencing progress in productivity, improve development outcomes and make institutions more representative. Among 24 study area villages of Kolebira-Kamdara TL, Kurdega (1230) has the highest sex ratio and the lowest sex ratio was recorded in Jariya (827) and the average sex ratio is 1000, which is higher than the state averages of Jharkhand (948). Among mentioned 12 study area villages of Kolebira – Simdega TL, Belkarcha (1165) has the highest sex ratio and the lowest sex ratio was recorded in Sundratoli (877) and the average sex ratio is 1006, which is higher than the state averages of Jharkhand (948). (1) Work Participation ratio (WPR) is defined as percentage of total workers including main and marginal workers out of the total population of the study area ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 47 Education Improving female educational levels has been demonstrated to have clear impacts on the health and economic future of young women, which in turn improves the prospects of their family and entire community. Among 24 study area villages of Kolebira-Kamdara TL, the average male and female literacy rate was 79.33% and 64.12% respectively. This figure indicates that female literacy is low when compared to the male literacy rate. Highest and lowest male literacy rate was recorded in Kurdega (91.04%) and Karamtoli (62.39%), whereas, highest and lowest female literacy rate was recorded in Kurdega (81.93%) and Garai (52.59%) respectively. Among 12 study area villages of Kolebira-Simdega TL, the average male and female literacy rate was the average literacy rate was 78.13% and 62.47% respectively. This figure indicates that female literacy is low when compared to the male literacy rate. Highest and lowest male literacy rate was recorded in Jokari (93.48%) and Bakatangar (64.71%), whereas, highest and lowest female literacy rate was recorded in Jokari (83.02%) and Bakatangar (40.40%). Female Workforce Participation Female labour force participation is a driver of growth and therefore participation rates indicate the potential for a state to grow more rapidly. The participation of women in the labour is driven by a wide variety of economic and social factors including economic growth, increasing educational attainment, social norms, etc. In the study area of Kolebira -Kamdara TL, male work participation rate (50.52%) is higher than the female work participation rate (35.34%), as per 2011 Census. Main workforce (1) for male and female workers was recorded to be 61.12% and 44.59% respectively. This figure indicates male workers constitute a dominant part of the main workforce. However, in the case of the marginal workforce(2), the trend was reversed in terms of contribution of male workers (39.04%) and female workers (55.44%). In the study area of Kolebira-Simdega TL, male work participation rate (54.86%) is higher than the female work participation rate (36.46%), as per 2011 Census. Average main workforce for male and female workers was recorded to be 59.67% and 31.96% respectively. Thhis figure indicates male workers constitute a dominant part of the main work force. However, in the case of the marginal workforce, the trend was reversed in terms of contribution of male workers (40.33%) and female workers (68.04%). (1) Workers who worked for more than 6 months (180 days) in the reference period are termed as Main Workers. (2) Workers who worked for less than six months (180 days) ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 48 6.10.3 Basic Amenities and Infrastructure Drinking Water facilities The social organization and settlement pattern in the study area is predominantly settled around the available agricultural land and water resources in the area. Land based livelihood being the key feature of the community, proximity and availability of water is often linked to the economic status of the family/ household. Also typically in a village, water for drinking and other purposes defines the household hygiene/ sanitation and ultimately the standard of living of the community. For drinking purpose, availability of water is mostly in the form of:  Ground water sourced through hand pump and well (uncovered) serve mostly to the needs of household drinking water consumption however no filtration facility is available for drinking water;  Supply of water is not available in majority of the study area villages;  Biru (Simdega block), Kamdara (Kamdara block), Konbir, Kurdega (Basia block) have access to treated tap water and Nawatoli (Kolebira block) have access to covered well facility. As per community consultation very few household in the village have access to individual sanitation facility and majority of the community reportedly resort to open defecation. From consultation, it was observed that at household level toilets are provided under “Swach Bharat Mission”. However, due to unavailability of water supply in those toilets, people prefer not to use these toilets. Medical Facilities Medical facilities are one of the basic service indicators which need to be studied so as to know the quality of life in the area. In the most of the study area villages considered for the study, do not have health facility or Primary Health Centres (PHC) except for one PHC each at Kamdara village (Kamdara block); Basiya, Tirra and Konbir villages (Basia block); Kolebira village (Kolebira block) and hospitals at Kamdara village (Kamdara block); Basiya and Konbir villages (Basia block); Kolebira and Larba villages (Kolebira block). They have to depend on health facility in the nearby urban centre like Gumla and Simdega. Educational Facilities The study area possesses necessary educational infrastructure to cater to the educational needs of the both rural and urban population. Among the study area villages, one Govt. primary school is present in majority of the villages and some middle schools, secondary schools and senior secondary schools are present in panchayat level. For higher education student have to go to nearest town. Transport & Communication Majority of the study area villages is not connected with major road and urban centre with all-weather road. Manually pulled rickshaw, animal drawn carts, taxi ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 49 and auto are the main transport facility for the villages though a few of the villages also have bus facility from nearest urban centre. Power Supply Electricity is not available in all study area villages i.e fifteen of the study area villages do not have access to domestic power. The frequent power cut are also reported by the community during consultation. Post and Telecommunication In this era of telecommunication, access to mobile phone is within every bodies reach. Most of the villages from sample study area do not have the access to post- office and other private courier services. Post-office are present in Kamdara (Kamdara block), Basiya and Konbir (Basia block) in Gumla district; and Kolebira and Agharma (Kolebira block) in Simdega district. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 50 7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES This section identifies and assesses the potential impacts to the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment that can be expected from the proposed transmission lines i.e. Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara. The impacts due to the project activities across different phases have been identified and assessed. The impacts due to the project activities across different phases have been identified and assessed. Impacts are identified and predicted based on the analysis of the information collected from the following:  Project information (as outlined in Section 3);  Baseline information (as outlined in Section 6). 7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT The identification of likely impacts during construction and operation phases has been carried out based on understanding of activities and their consequent impacts on various environmental and socio-economic resources or receptors. The impact identification matrix in Table 7.1 captures the likely interactions between the activities on one axis and the resources / receptors on the other axis. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 51 Table 7.1 Scoping Matrix for transmission line Project Activity/ Hazards Environmental Resources Ecological Resource Social-Economic Resources Land Use (Economic Displacement) Occupational health & safety Common Property Resources Protected /Migratory Species Community Health & Safety Job & economic opportunity Aesthetic & Visual Impact Infrastructure & Services Migratory Path/Corridor Ground water resource Surface water resource Aquatic Flora & Fauna Ground water quality Surface water quality Cultural Resources Noise & Vibration Terrestrial Fauna Terrestrial Flora Traffic (Road) Soil Quality Air Quality Land Use Pre-Construction Phase/Planning Phase Land Procurement for Tower Footing Construction Phase Clearance (Vegetation) Construction of Site approach road Excavation for tower foundation Transportation of construction materials, equipment & machineries Storage & handling of construction materials Construction of the Tower Footing Erection of Tower Stringing of Transmission lines Storage, handling and disposal of construction waste Generation of sewage and discharge Sourcing of construction water & domestic water Surface Runoff from construction site Operation Phase ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 52 Project Activity/ Hazards Environmental Resources Ecological Resource Social-Economic Resources Land Use (Economic Displacement) Occupational health & safety Common Property Resources Protected /Migratory Species Community Health & Safety Job & economic opportunity Aesthetic & Visual Impact Infrastructure & Services Migratory Path/Corridor Ground water resource Surface water resource Aquatic Flora & Fauna Ground water quality Surface water quality Cultural Resources Noise & Vibration Terrestrial Fauna Terrestrial Flora Traffic (Road) Soil Quality Air Quality Land Use Physical presence of transmission tower Maintenance of transmission lines Lopping of trees for maintaining safety distance = Represents “no” interactions is reasonably expected = Represents interactions reasonably possible but none of the outcomes will lead to significant impact = Represents interactions reasonably possible where any of the outcomes may lead to potential significant impact ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER2018 53 The details of the activities and their impacts have been discussed in detail in the following sections. 7.1.1 Impacts on Aesthetic and Visual Quality Potential impacts to aesthetics and visual quality because of the setting up and operation of the transmission lines (Kolebira – Simdega and Kolebira - Kamdara) may arise primarily due to disruption and degradation of views in the surrounding landscape. Visual impacts from transmission lines are highly variable and depends on several factors like location of the project, lines of sight, scenic vistas and most importantly the perception of the people. Degradation of views from transmission lines may result from cutting of trees and vegetation clearance from setting up of physical infrastructure (transmission towers). With the study area, not being recognized as a place of natural scenic beauty or a touristic destination, these factors are unlikely to lead to any significant adverse visual and aesthetic impacts in the area and it can be rated as negligible. 7.1.2 Air & Noise Quality This project is not planned to house any point or area source of air emissions (particulate matter, pollutant gases, etc.) and neither does the study area have any industrial air pollution sources – the NH 143, SH 3 and SH 4 passing adjacent to the transmission line, through which regular vehicular movement occurs is the only line source of air pollution, caused by vehicular emissions and because of re-entrained dust from the road surface. Based on visual observations, the quality of the air shed can be categorized as good and no indicators or existing sources of air pollutants were noted in the study area that could potentially result in air quality parameters to exceed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). During site preparation and construction, the project is likely to generate dust (as particulates) in spite of best efforts to control it and there will be times during the construction phase when elevated dust concentrations may occur. Higher amounts of dust will be generated at places where earthwork, cutting and filling operations take place or in material handling and storage areas. A large percentage of such dust emissions from construction sites have been found to comprise of particles which are coarse in size (>10 microns) and has a tendency to settle down within a few hundred metres of the source of emissions. The smaller fractions (PM10) can however be carried over longer distances in a dust cloud, in the case wind velocity is higher and depending on prevailing wind direction maybe deposited in the adjoining settlements with a potential to cause soiling of residential premises, deposition on agricultural crops, etc. However, this will be a short-term impact lasting for a few months. Particulates, CO, SOx, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons (VOCs) will be emitted by vehicles, batching plants (if used), heavy equipment and DG sets associated with site clearing and construction activities. Overall, the impact on air quality during the construction and operational phase of the project can be rated as negligible to minor. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 54 Noise and vibration is expected to be primarily generated during the site preparation and construction phases of the project. Such noise may be generated from blasting (if required), operation of construction equipment and machineries, DG sets and the transportation of equipment and materials. During stringing of transmission line, principal source of noise would be from operation of winching machine. The winching machine produces noise level near 80 dB (A). The study area has no major noise sources, except for vehicular noise on the adjacent NH 143 / SH 3 / SH 4 road. The noise generated from the construction phase activities is likely to be attenuated to acceptable levels as per the ambient noise standards within 200 m of the site. Such noise may however, cause discomfort the construction workers at site and nearby receptors of village settlements adjacent to the transmission line. The construction activities, especially those with a potential to generate high noise levels would be temporary in nature and are not expected to last more than 15-20 days at specific tower location. The spatial scale of impact will be limited to a few hundred meters. The overall significance of the noise related impacts is rated as minor. 7.1.3 Impact on Land use Approx. 238 nos of tower would be constructed in Scheme W. Cumulative length of the two transmission lines would be approx. 55 km. Land footprint of about 22 sq. m. would be required for each transmission tower, where right of way of the transmission line would be of 27 m (for 132 KV transmission line). The present land use of the area through which all the transmission lines (in Scheme W) passes are primarily agricultural land. As discussed in Section 6.3, mainly single cropped agriculture is practiced in this area. Though there would be restrictions on development work (e.g., construction of building) on the land parcels falling within the right of way, knowing the fact that there would not be any restrictions on these land parcels for use of agricultural purpose, and further all the two transmission lines area passing through mainly rural areas where chance of development work being coming up is near future very meagre, significance of the land use related impacts is considered as minor. However, transmission lines (in Scheme W) traverse through forest land of approx. 10.76 km. In these areas, JSUNL will divert the land use of the area falling within RoW of the transmission line after obtaining necessary Forest Clearance (as per Forest Conservation Act, 1980) and this would result in a permanent change of land use. Due to permanent changes in land use, overall significance of the land use related impacts is rated as moderate. 7.1.4 Impact on Soil Cutting of vegetation (at tower foundation area), stripping of topsoil and digging of foundation pits for the tower are the three main activities, which are likely to affect the soil structure and quality. At the tower site (approx. 238 ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 55 nos), all vegetation within 2 m beyond the tower base in all direction will be cleared to ground level. At four legs of the tower, topsoil will be stripped and foundations will be dug up to a depth of 3 m depending upon the tower type and soil characteristics. General practice shows that upon construction of the transmission tower, land below the tower is used for cultivations. Therefore, if topsoil removed during tower base construction work is not properly reinstated, it may lead to loss of soil quality and thereby low agricultural productivity. Considering good construction practices and planned embedded measures for mitigating these impacts, overall significance of the soil related impacts is considered as minor. 7.1.5 Impact on Road & Traffic The traffic movement during construction phase (approx. 5-6 vehicle per day) will to some extent depend on which type and number of trips to and from the proposed site. The existing village roads would be used to the extent possible to approach the site. Since the vehicular traffic on the village roads are low there would be minimal increment in the existing traffic load. The overall significance of traffic related impacts is rated as negligible to minor. 7.1.6 Impact on Biological Environment As discussed above some part of the transmission lines Kolebira-Kamdega and Kolebira-Simdega will traverse through forest land. JUSNL would have to obtain Forest Clearance as per the provisions of the FCA, 1980, before any project related activity can commence through forest land. Site preparation will involve removal of trees, shrubs and herbs present along the transmission line corridor which will cause change in the modified habitat within the corridor leading to a loss of floral biodiversity at local level. Trees within the transmission line corridors would be removed before construction. Moreover, there would also be removal of herbs and shrubs from the transmission line corridors. None of the floral or faunal species expected to be present within the site is threatened as per IUCN Classification (Version 2018-1). Faunal species that have the most probability of occurrence within the transmission line corridors include amphibians (Common toad), reptiles (lizards and snakes), birds (Common crow, Common sparrow, Common myna, Drongo, Indian Roller, larks, doves, parakeets, kites etc.) and mammals (mongoose, squirrels, rats, fox, jackal, langur, elephant etc.). Movement of IUCN Endangered (Version 2018-1) species, Indian Elephant is reported in proximity to the transmission line corridor. Vegetation clearance may affect the faunal species mentioned above, however, there are similar habitats in the vicinity and the species can easily relocate to those areas. Removal of vegetation at construction site (for tower footing) can adversely affect residential burrowing faunal species viz. reptiles (lizards and snakes), ground roosting birds (sparrows, pigeon, doves etc.) and mammals (rats, mongoose ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 56 etc.). Removal of trees, herbs and shrubs from the transmission line corridors may cause loss of nesting habitats for bird species. In most cases however it has been observed that faunal and bird species to migrate to other local habitats which are adjacent, if the land affected is not very large. The study area has reports of movement of Indian Elephant which is an IUCN Endangered species. Therefore, the sensitivity of the site has been considered as high. The scale of impact will be medium as it causes irreversible damage to a modified habitat. Duration of the impact will be long term as vegetation clearance would create a permanent impact within the site area. Extent of the impact would be only within the project site and immediate vicinity. Construction activities will include excavation, movement of machineries, increased anthropogenic movement (men and transport) and may lead to minor disturbances to floral and faunal habitats in the vicinity of the tower footing site because of deposition of dust, noise and light generated during construction activities may affect feeding, breeding and movement of animals. There is a chance of elephants and other mammalian species falling in the excavated areas for transmission towers and get injured. However, these disturbances will be for a temporary period and expected to be of low magnitude and local in scale. During the operation phase, several species of birds identified during the ecological study which can perch or make nests within transmission line area and can get electrocuted. Collision with the transmission line canal also result in bird mortality. During daily movement between feeding and roosting sites bird mortality could happen due to collision with the transmission lines. The species recorded in study area are included within the IUCN Near Threatened or Least Concern category. A review of the relief of the areas along the transmission line alignments indicate that most of the line passes through the very gentle sloping to gentle slope. A matured Indian Elephant with its trunk extended can reach upto a height of 6 metres. However, in flat terrain the minimum height of the transmission line will be greater than 6 metres therefore chances of electrocution of elephants would be low. At the undulating terrain areas the risk of electrocution cannot be ruled particularly at the maximum sagging areas. Therefore, impact sensitivity has been considered as high. Duration will be long term- only and extent of impact will be local- immediate vicinity of the transmission line. However, as elephant is an IUCN Endangered species and also the area has bird species protected under Schedule I of the IWPA and therefore the site has been deemed to have high sensitivity. Overall the significance of impact on biological environment can be rated to be moderate to high. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 57 7.1.7 Potential Impact on Socio-economic Conditions Damage to Standing crops: Even though most of the construction activity has been planned during dry season there might be instances that during construction of the transmission tower foundation, erection of towers and subsequently stringing of transmission lines involve movement of men, machinery and equipment across agricultural fields leading to the tower locations. This may cause potential damage to the standing crops in agriculture field not only at the tower base and RoW of the transmission line but also may cause damage to the crops in adjacent agricultural plots due to movement of the vehicle and equipment and construction workers. This damage to crops will result in temporary loss of income for the cultivators. Restriction on Land use and diminution of land value: As reported in Section 6.3, majority of all the two transmission line passes through single cropped agricultural land. No land would be acquired for the construction of tower footing. However, there would be restriction on use of land falling within right of way and tower base. As per the regulation of Government of Jharkhand 1, due to restriction of land use, compensation at the rate of 85% of 14F land value would be paid to land owners for tower base area, before beginning of civil work. For RoW, compensation at the rate of 15% of land value would be paid to land owners, before beginning of civil work, towards diminution of land value within RoW Corridor. Further, even though there would be some loss of land and physical obstruction to use the land falling under the tower base, but the impacts would not be pronounced as non- mechanised agriculture is carried out in in this area. The land owner would be able to use the land under the tower for agricultural purpose. Influx of Labour: Labour would be required for erection of transmission lines. Even though unskilled labour would be required for civil work and would be preferably sourced from local areas, skilled labour required for erection of transmission tower, stringing of transmission lines etc., would be primarily migrant labour. Some of the significant issues related with migrant labour would include:  Conflict amongst workers, and between workers and local community, based on cultural, religious or behavioural practices.  Discontent amongst local community on engagement of outsiders.  Security issues to local women from migrant workforce.  Use of community facilities such as health centres, temples, transport facility etc. by migrant labour may lead to discontent with local community.  In case contractors bring in unskilled migrant labour, there stands the risk of exploitation of a labourer. This can happen in the form of hiring underage labourers, low and unequal wage payments, forced labour and discrimination on basis of the basis of caste, religion or ethnicity 1) Department of Power, Government of Jharkhand notification dated 15th December 2017 ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 58 The impacts described above are primarily within the RoW or would only extend to the settlements in the immediate vicinity of the transmission line, therefore localize in nature. Moreover, the damage to crop and conflicts of the migrant labour with the community would be temporary. The baseline information suggests that a considerable section of the population work as agricultural labourers (their involvement is assessed to be maximum for 6 months); this finding indicates that there is a pool of labour-resource who can be engaged in the project as unskilled workers. In addition, a planned labour camp for this project may further reduce the assessed potential impacts related to labour influx. Thus, socio-economic impact during the construction phase of the transmission lines is evaluated to be of minor significance. 7.1.8 Community Health & Safety Excavation of Tower Footings: During the construction of the foundation for the tower footing the excavation can pose potential safety concerns for the inhabitants in the locality. This would be more relevant when the construction is carried out near a settlement or along a foot track or existing village road. Interference with utilities and traffic: The stringing of the transmission lines would cross existing roads including village and districts road and state highways. During stringing operations when the transmission line crosses any road, hindrance may be caused to the movement of traffic. In some instances temporary closure of the road/railway line may be required to facilitate stringing activities. This disruption in movement would cause inconvenience to the local population as access would be interrupted temporarily. Changes in Environmental Conditions: Changes in baseline environmental conditions can be experienced by the local community in terms of increased nuisance levels from emissions of dust, contamination of surface water or ground water and high noise levels during the construction phases. Even though there would be minimal increase in dust and noise during the construction period and this has the potential to lead to health impacts associated with eye irritation and general disturbance to daily activities. Increased Prevalence of Disease: A maximum of 30 workers (at one point of time) will be employed for the construction phase during the peak construction and commissioning. This influx of workers to the community may cause impacts to public health, especially an increase in prevalence of diseases as well as pressures on existing health infrastructure. In addition, vector-borne diseases will be sensitivity for settlements closer to campsites for the construction phase labour, particularly due to lack of hygienic conditions. Electro Magnetic Field (EMF): During operation phase, Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) created by the transmission line can cause inconvenience on the surrounding community. It has been reported during the consultation that the people feel inconvenienced due to this charge especially when working on paddy fields underneath the conductors especially during the monsoon season. However, a review by the World Health Organization (WHO) held as ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 59 part of the International EMF Project (1996), concluded that “From the current scientific literature there is no convincing evidence that exposure to radiation field shortens the life span of humans or induces or promotes cancer”. Considering good construction practices and planned embedded measures for mitigating these impacts, the overall significance of community health and safety impacts can be rated to be minor. 7.1.9 Occupational, Health & Safety The occupational risk related to the construction of transmission lines is primarily due to fall from heights which might cause serious injuries. Transmission towers would be of different heights and minimum height of the tower would be approx. 25 m in case of 132 kV transmission line. A review of the incident database (OSHA's Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) database) ( 1) indicate most of the incidents are due to fall from height 15F while some incidents reported also include being struck by loads or falling objects during the erection of tower. Similarly there are risks of fall in the excavation created for tower footing. Electrocution during the testing and charging: It has also been reported [OSHA's Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) database] that there has been fatalities due to electrocution. This occurs primarily during the testing and charging of the transmission lines is proper safety procedures are not followed. The construction work would involve several contractors who in turn would engage different labourers having varied skillsets. The duration and extent for most workmen is expected to extend for a few months and the occurrence of any accidents and consequent injuries/fatalities will lead to adverse impacts that could range from loss of productive time to loss of livelihoods (of workmen). If local workers are hired, they may not have appropriate training for adopting a safety culture expected at an industrial construction site – so receptor sensitivity may be anticipated to be high. There is also a possibility of legal non-compliance which may lead to temporary stoppage of work affecting construction schedules. Hence the receptor sensitivity is high. Overall, the impact significance for occupational health and safety can be considered to be moderate. (1) https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/federalregister/2015-04-15-0 ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 60 8 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT A stakeholder is defined as “an individual, group, or organization, who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project”. “Stakeholder Analysis” is the process of sorting identified stakeholder groups according to their impact on the project and the impact the project will have on them. This information is then used to assess the manner in which the interests of the stakeholders or projects impact on them should be addressed in the project development plan or its operation. The importance of stakeholder analysis lies in the assessment and understanding of the socio-political environment surrounding the project. It allows for:  Identification of the interests, concerns and societal risks surrounding the stakeholders, as well as conflicts of interests (if any);  Identification of relations between stakeholders that may enable “coalitions” of project sponsorship, ownership and co-operation as well as the mechanisms which may influence other stakeholders;  Key groups/ individuals to be identified who need to be informed about the project during the execution phase;  Identifying stakeholders (those who might have an adverse impact on the project) and taking appropriate measures to mitigate their influence; and;  Development of a framework for participatory planning and implementation of various project activities including interventions for community development. The identification of stakeholders and their inclusion in the decision-making process is thus essential in the process of prioritizing, analyzing and addressing issues; and in creating management systems and strategies to address the concerns/ expectations of various stakeholders. The following sub-sections provide a profile of the various stakeholders in the project as well as their concerns and relative influence with regards to the project. 8.1 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS The stakeholders who would directly impact or are directly impacted by the project are known as Primary Stakeholders, those who have an indirect impact or are indirectly impacted are known as Secondary Stakeholders. Keeping in mind the nature of the project and its setting, the stakeholders have been identified and listed in the table below; ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 61 Table 8.1 List of key stakeholders Stakeholder Category/ Group Key Stakeholders Primary Stakeholders Local Community  Local Community Other Primary Stakeholders  Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Nigam Limited  World Bank Secondary Stakeholder Institutional Stakeholders  District Administration  Forest Department  Tribal Development Department Other Secondary Stakeholder  Contractors Consultations with Local Communities Community consultation is central to every impact assessment study because it helps to gather the opinion of the public on the proposed project and assess its potential effect on the public especially vulnerable groups. Consultations were carried out with community people residing in the adjacent to the proposed transmission lines to understand their concerns and also assess the extent of impact. The location where the consultations were held in Scheme W is presented in below table. Table 8.2 Details of Consultation Sl. No Location Date Target group 1 Nawatoli 13/08/2018 General Population 2 Tamra 13/08/2018 General Population 3 Biru 13/08/2018 General Population 4 Bindhartoli 16/08/2018 General Population 5 Arahani 16/08/2018 General Population 6 Taisera 14/08/2018 General Population 7 Tapkara 14/08/2018 General Population 8. Jamtoli 14/08/2018 General Population 9. Jurkela 14/08/2018 General Population 10 Khatgaon 17/08/2018 General Population 11. Agharma 17/08/2018 General Population 12. Kinderkela 17/08/2018 General Population 13. Patura 17/08/2018 General Population The brief outcome of the consultations with the key stakeholder groups are listed below. The minutes of all consultations are recorded under Annexure 3 of this document. 8.2 SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ERM undertook consultations/ meetings with identified stakeholders during the course of the site visit. The intensive deliberations provided a platform for two-way communication between the team of consultants and the stakeholder groups. This in turn helped in developing an understanding of the perceptions of stakeholders with regards to the project and also allowed for a means of ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 62 recording their feedback. The key points discussed with each of these stakeholders are provided in below table. Table 8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Consultation Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category Local Community 1.1 Village - Nawatoli  Current engagement  Approx. 250-300 household reside in scenario –livelihood this villages. Hindu and Muslims both No of options; reside in village. In Hindu Nayak, Participants- 12;  Basic amenities in the Bhokta, Khadiya, Kumhar, Sonar and village – electricity, Lohar community live in this village. Date- drinking water, etc.; 13/08/2018  Health scenario in the  Farmers cultivate only in monsoon village and distances of season. Paddy is the primary crop they Hospitals/ Clinics; cultivate apart from it they also  Perception of local cultivate Madua (a type of cereal) and community towards Badam (Peanut). Vegetable farming the project; also reported from the village, they  Issues faced by the grow tomato, potato and seasonal local community from vegetables etc. In off season they work existing transmission as daily wage labour in the village and lines (if any) also outside the village.  During consultation, villagers have not opposed to this project, They are reported to be ready to provide land if proper and timely compensation are provided to affected persons.  Villagers have reported that in this village, electricity is availability for 12- 14 hours per day; therefore, they wanted this scenario to be improved.  Villagers have also reported that they will not have any problem from labour camp, if set up in this village. It is noted from the consultation that both male and female labourers available in the village and they can be engaged in this project. 1.2 Village - Tamra  Approx. 100 to 110 households reside in this village. Mainly Khadiya, Mahli, No of Participants Bhuiyan, Raout and Munda - 11; community live in this village. Date - 13/08/2018  Villagers have reported not to have any problem, if transmission line traverses through this village. Already, one transmission line has passed through this village. Thus, villagers are aware of the transmission project and its impact. During consultation, villagers wanted to know when the project construction work will begin and the affected person will get ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 63 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category compensation. They also wanted to know the compensation amount to be paid for land within RoW of transmission line and at tower base. They were informed that 15% value of the land falling within the RoW will be provided to those affected land owners towards diminution of land value.  During consultation, villagers did not raise any issue for labour camp. They informed that both male and female labourers are available in the village. However, they have suggested that worker’s payment should be disbursed on daily or weekly basis. In case, there is any irregularly in payment disbursement, they will not work in the project 1.3 Village - Biru  Total number of households live in this village are approximately 200. No of Brahmin, Rawat, Bhuiyan, Badaik are Participants- 12; the different communities reported to live in this village. Date- 13/08/2018  Farmers cultivate only in monsoon season. Paddy is the primary crop they cultivate. Vegetable farming also reported from the village. Villages are willing to work in a rabi season but, due to unavailability of irrigation sources, they are not able to do the same. In non-monsoon season, they work as daily wage labour.  When asked about the condition of the workplace where local people engage as labour, women community replied that gender based discrimination is very common practice at workplace in this area. Women are reported to face discrimination in terms of payment of wage at private workplaces. However, in government project, they get equal wage as male workers. Women have also reported that there are no toilet facility or common room at workplace.  General perception of the villagers was acceptable when discussed about the transmission line. They are briefed about the possible benefits and drawbacks that may arise from this transmission line project. Villagers responded that compensation should be provided before beginning of project construction work, otherwise ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 64 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category they would create hindrance to the project by stopping work.  Male and female labours are available in the village and they are willing to work during the project. Villagers also responded that they will not have problem if any labour camp is set up temporarily in this village. 1.4 Village -  Approx. 25 to 30households live in this Bindhartoli village. Oraon, Dungdung etc. community live in this village. Other No of Participants community also live in this village e.g. -12; Sahu, Das, Hazam , Nag etc. Date - 16/08/2018  In this village farmers cultivate in monsoon season. Paddy is the primary crop cultivated in monsoon season. Villages are willing to work in a rabbi season but due to non-availability of irrigation sources they are not able to do agriculture in Rabi season. In non- monsoon season, they migrate to different part of the states and engage as daily wage labour for livelihood.  During consultation, it was reported that already 3 transmission lines have passed from the adjoining places of the village and villagers are facing problem specially in rainy season during practicing agriculture below the transmission lines. Villagers have suggested to transmission line to pass as far as possible from the village boundary. One villager have pointed that agriculture is the only main livelihood for them, thus, if this project causes disturbance to the agriculture, it will affect their livelihood. During consultation, villagers responded that compensation should be provided before project construction work, otherwise they would cause trouble to the project by stopping work.  Related to construction of temporary labour camp, villagers have responded that they will not have any problem if any labour camp is temporarily set up for the project. Male and female labours are available in the village and they are willing to work during the project. 1.5 Village - Arahani  Total number of households live in this village ranges from 95 to 100. Munda, ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 65 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category No of Participants Hembrom and Topno Santhal -12; community live in this village. Other community also live in this village e.g. Date - 16/08/2018 Teli community from OBC. Majority of the population are from ST community.  Villagers are briefed about the proposed transmission line project and its impact (benefits and drawbacks) that may arise. Concerns raised by villagers during consultation are summarised below: o Villagers suggested that compensation should be provided before beginning of construction work. o They are concerned about any possible interruption in agriculture from this project. It is informed them that agriculture can be done at tower base and below transmission line. o Villagers wanted to know whether they will be given employment opportunities in this project. It is reported that both male and female workers are available in this village and can be engaged in construction work. o Villagers have also accepted the proposal of construction any temporary labour camp required for the project. 1.6 Village - Taisera ● Total number of households live in this village ranges from 110 to 120. Mostly No of of them are ST. Mostly Munda, Badaik, Participants - 9; and Khadiya community live in village. Date - 14/08/2018 ● During consultation, villagers have reported that already one transmission line has passed through this village. However, height of the transmission line (ground clearance) is low. Thus they that they feel strong electric current while passing below the line. They have also replied that when they carry metal object, the problem is more. ● Villagers demanded the compensation to be provided before commencement of construction work. Also, compensation should be paid in case private trees are felled. They are told that in case, privately owned trees are ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 66 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category felled, compensation would be provided. Further, they are assured that compensation would be provided before beginning of civil work. ● Villagers have suggested the proposed transmission line should have appropriate ground clearance, so that, they do not find any difficulty in practicing agriculture below the transmission line. ● During consultation, villagers have suggested that local people should be preferred for the project construction work. Villagers have also accepted the proposal of construction any temporary labour camp required for the project. 1.7 Village –  Approx. 150-160 number of Tapkara; households are living in this village. Mainly Nayak, Lohra, Tete, Badaik and No of Participants Bage ST community live in village. - 12; Some Muslim households were also reported from the village. Date- 14/08/2018  Paddy is the primary crop people cultivate in this village. Farmers cultivate only in monsoon season. In non-agricultural they work as daily wage labour. Vegetable farming also reported from the village. They grow potato, tomato and other seasonal vegetables.  During consultation with women community in this village, they have reported discrimination between male and female workers exist at workplace. Male workers get more wage then female workers, but they also admitted that work done by male worker are more laborious and harder than work given to female worker. However, in government projects, they get equal wage despite of the work. It is also reported that, at workplace, toilet facility and rest rooms are not provided for the workers.  Villagers have informed that if transmission line will traverse outside of the settlement area, then would not have any problem. Villagers have reported about sound generates from the transmission, become more ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 67 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category prominent (louder) in night-time. This sound is so loud that it also affect their sleep. Therefore, transmission should be designed as far as possible from settlement area.  During consultation, community members have asked about the valuation method to be used for compensation. Is it government rate or market rate? They demanded that compensation should be provided before project construction work.  Community members did not oppose to the proposal for temporary labour camp, at the time of consultation. 1.8 Village – Jamtoli;  Approx. 20 households lives in this village. All households belong to No of Participants Christian community. Total population - 12; reported to be approx. 100-110. Date- 14/08/2018  Agriculture is the primary occupation of villagers. Farmers cultivate only paddy. Agriculture is practiced only in monsoon season. There is no facility of irrigation available in the village. Due to unavailability of irrigation villagers can't do any other cultivation. In non agricultural season, they work as daily wage labour in Simdega and nearby places. Some of them also migrate to Delhi, Bangalore etc. for livelihood.  Villagers are reportedly not aware about the proposed transmission line project. They are informed about the proposed project and its impact. During consultation, the main concern raised by villagers is cultivation at tower base. They informed that landholding size is small in this area. Thus, erection of tower on approx. 22 sq. m. of land would significantly impact on cultivation. As, cultivation is the main source of income, thus, it will impact their livelihood. They are told that they can practice agriculture at tower base. 1.9 Village – Jurkela;  Approx. 190-200 households reported from the village. These households are No of Participants spread over three tolas 1. shailipur, 2. - 11; Gadhru, 3. Larba. Khadiya, Yadav, Manjhi, Badaik, Bhogta Rajput etc. Date - 14/08/2018 communities live in the village. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 68 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category  Community of this village informed that already 3 transmission lines traversed through this village. From these existing transmission line, they have been facing two major problem viz. 1) Noise problem and 2. Current problem. Villagers elaborated that a noise continuously emits from the transmission line and its intensity increases in night. Also, when they pass below the transmission line they feel a current and this feeling is strong in rainy season. When they do the agriculture work and pass below the transmission line with metal umbrella in their hand that time also the fell the current strongly.  Villagers demanded that compensation should be provided to affected persons immediately. They also enquired about the amount of crop compensation to paid, in case, damages to crop.  During consultation, community have informed that both male and female labourers are available in village. Villagers asked to engage labours from the village for the project. 1.10 Village –  Approx. 20-25 household reside in this Khatgaon; village. Khadiya, Mirdha, Kewat and Jhora community reported from the No of Participants village. -10;  Agriculture is the primary occupation Date - 17/08/2018 of the villagers. They are entirely dependent on Monsoon for agriculture. Paddy is the only crop they cultivate in a large scale. Some farmers reported who cultivate peanuts in their fields. They used to sell the peanuts in local market (Kolebira).  Community in this villager do not have any problem from the proposed transmission line. Some villagers asked about weather electricity condition will improve after the installation of this transmission line. They are told that, this is high village transmission line, which will be used to evacuate power from Simdega to Kolebira. From Kolebira substation, power will be evacuated into distribution substation. This will improve power scenario in Kolebira power distribution zone. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 69 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category  Villagers requested that compensation amount should be provided to affected person before starting of the work. They informed from their previous experience, that once construction will be over, it is difficult to get compensation amount.  During consultation, villagers also reported that there are many unemployed persons in this village. They can be engaged in this project as worker. 1.11 Village –  Approx. 100-200 household reported Agharma; from the village. Most of the population in this village belong to No of Participants Khadiya community. Apart from - 12; Khadiya Kewat, Lohra and Muslims are also reported from the village. Date - 17/08/2018  Villagers have reported not to oppose the proposed transmission line project. There is one strange demand received from this villagers. Villagers asked for land of equivalent size (tower footing area), so that they can practice agriculture. They are informed that they will get compensation for the land. However, alternative land can not be provided. Then, villagers have demanded disbursement of compensation before beginning of the project civil work.  Villagers have expressed their concern about the possible problem that they could face for cultivation due to the transmission line installation. They are told that, proposed project would not create problem for cultivation. Adequate height would be maintained for the transmission line, as per central government guidelines. However, in case, transmission line construction is undertaken in agricultural season, then there is a possibility of crop damage. However, compensation would be provided for crop damage.  Villagers have suggested that contractor can hire worker from this village, as there are unemployed people in this village. 1.12 Village –  Approx. 150-160 household reported Kinderkela; from the village. Total population of the village is approx. 800-810. Most of ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 70 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category No of Participants the population in this village belong to -10; Muslim community. Apart from Muslims some Santhal population are Date - 17/08/2018 also reported from the village.  Agriculture is the primary occupation of the villagers. They are totally dependent on Monsoon for agriculture. Paddy is the only crop they cultivate in a large scale. In off season the went outside of the village in search of work. They migrate to Simdega, Ranchi and many other parts of the country to earn money for their living.  When asked to female labourers about the working condition they face, they have reported that discrimination between male and female workers is common issue. Female labours receive less wage than male labours. This discrimination mainly exist at private workplaces. In government places generally male and female workers are treated as same. They have reported that basic amenities like toilets or rest room are not available at workplace is area, irrespective of private or government project. It is reports that contractor does not want to pay extra to establish those facilities.  Villagers demanded that transmission should pass away settlement area. Further, villagers have demanded that compensation money should be paid to affected person before starting of the work.  During consultation, villagers have suggested that construction work should be undertaken in non- agricultural season.  Villagers have demanded that contractor should implement all the possible safety feature to avoid every possible accident from the proposed transmission line. 1.13 Village – Patura;  Approx. 100-120 household reported from the village. Total population of No of Participants the village is approx.. 500-510. Most of - 10; the population in this village belong to Teli community. Apart from Teli, Date - 17/08/2018 some Santhal population (Kujur) are also reported from the village. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 71 Sl. Stakeholder Key Points Discussed Findings of the Consultation No. Category  Few people in this village are depended on agriculture. Mainly they engage as daily wage labour for livelihood.  Villagers asked about the noise problem that may occur due to the transmission line. They also asked about whether mechanical farming (tractor) can be practiced below transmission line. They are told that tractor can be used below transmission line. However, tractor can not be use at tower base for cultivation. Villagers demanded that transmission should pass outside of the village settlement area and compensation should be provided to the affected person before starting of the work.  Labours are available in the village and contractor can engage them in project work. Both male and female labours are willing to work in the project. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 72 9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The ESIA for the transmission lines associated to Kolebira GSS site has been undertaken to assess and report the environmental and social impacts of this component of the JPSIP project. In course of the project’s planning and the ESIA, project design decision have been made taking into account the need to avoid, minimize and reduce adverse impacts. Further, this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) provides project and site specific mitigation measures to minimize damage to the local environment and disruption to local communities. The ESMP comprises of activity specific mitigation measures in the form of an Impact Mitigation Matrix (IMM) as detailed in Table 9.1, structured according to the sequential flow of activities in the project life cycle and accounting for a choice of design criteria, construction methods, practices and logistics, pollution prevention and reduction measures, labour and community related safeguards. In addition, the IMM is supported by several complementary Environment & Social Action Plans (ESAP), which provide customized best practice recommendations to ensure that the impacts of the transmission line projects are managed in accordance to national and international best practices and benchmarks. 9.1 MITIGATION MEASURES The Impact Mitigation Matrix (IMM) is presented in Table 9.1. In order to ensure that the ESMP is being adhered to by Contractors, who will be responsible for implementing the project, provisions with respect to specific mitigation measures have been incorporated as a part of General Conditions of Contract. The General Conditions of Contract are presented in Annexure 4. Table 9.1 Impact Mitigation Matrix Sl. No. Project Phase Potential Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility /Activity Planning/ Preconstruction 1.1 Location of Diminution of  Compensation to be JUSNL transmission land value in the paid before beginning of Subdivision/Divis line/tower width of RoW , civil work, at the rate of ion/Circle restriction on use 85% of land value, as of land determined by District Magistrate or any other authority based on Circle rate/ Guideline value/ Stamp Act rates for tower base area (between four legs);  Compensation to be paid before beginning of civil work, at the rate of 15% of land value, as ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 73 Sl. No. Project Phase Potential Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility /Activity determined based on prevailing Circle rate /Stamp Act rate towards diminution of land value in the width of RoW (27m) corridor. 1.2 Exposure to safety Transmission line will be Design Consultant related risks designed as per IS 5613 (Par 2) to provide setback from dwelling area. 1.3 Exposure to Transmission line would be Design Consultant electromagnetic designed considering interference international guidelines such as Commission on Non- Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), US National Council on Radiation, State Transmission Lines Standards and Guidelines in the USA etc. 1.4 Damage to private Avoid settlement / hamlets Design Consultant property within RoW 1.5 Impact on  Careful selection of Design Consultant Cultural Heritage route alignment to avoid socially, culturally and archaeological sensitive areas (i. g. sacred groves, graveyard, religious worship place, monuments etc.); and  Maintain minimum distance of 100 m from archaeological monuments 1.6 Tree felling Permission for felling of trees JUSNL (Permission under to be obtained before tree Circle/Divisional the tree felling act) felling Office/External Consultant 2.1 Transmission Loss of precious Careful selection of route Design Consultant line through ecological values/ alignment to avoid natural forest/ damage to habitats (i. g. National Parks, protected area precious species Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere / precious Reserves/ Biodiversity ecological area Hotspots) 2.2 Deforestation and  Avoid transmission Design Consultant loss of line/ tower in protected biodiversity edge and reserve forest, effect Jungle Jhari by careful selection of alignment  If avoidance is not possible, minimise the land to be taken from forest, jungle jhari  Obtain Stage I and Stage II Clearance from the forest department. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W: VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 74 Sl. No. Project Phase Potential Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility /Activity 3.1 Line through Risk to the bird Careful selection of route to Design Consultant identified population avoid such areas with known migratory bird primarily due to avian populations e.g. path and bird collision nesting grounds, foraging habitats and grounds, migration corridors near etc. waterbodies 3.3 Provide bird guards and Design Consultant markers [as per the specification provided in IS- 5613 (Part-II)] in transmission line when passing through/near nesting grounds, foraging grounds, migration corridors etc. 4 Line through Damage to the The height above the ground Design Consultant designated wildlife at the lowest point of the elephant lowest conductor or corridor or grounding wires (i.e., at local wildlife maximum sag point) of corridors power lines shall be:  a minimum of 20 feet (6.6 meters) above ground on level terrain (slope <20 degrees)  a minimum of 30 feet (9.1 metres) above ground on steeper terrain (slope > 20 degrees) (1) Construction 5.1 Site Loss of topsoil  Top soil from the entire Contractor preparation tower footing area and (approx. 22 sq. m.) will construction be stripped (10 to 15 cm) work before commencement of construction work;  Top soil will be stored in a dedicated top soil storage site, having adequate mitigation measures for preventing erosion due to runoff;  Activities will be scheduled (as far as possible) to avoid extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall;  After construction work is over, top soil will be reinstated at the construction site. 5.2.1 Noise and All equipment/machineries Contractor vibrations to be regularly maintained to ensure efficient operation (1)http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/FIRSTDraft%20guidelines%20roads%20and%20powerlines.pdf at . The Contractor shall  make this plan available to all workers and contractors on this project and ensure they have the opportunity to read, understand, clarify and ask questions  keep a copy of the Management Plan readily available for the duration of the project  review the plan regularly throughout this project and make any revisions known to those working on the project  . 10.1.2 Contractor Details Business name: Address: Contact person: Work phone: Mobile phone: Fax: Email: ABN: Contract licence number: Principal contractor signature: 10.1.3 Details of Contractor H&S Personnel Name Position Responsibilities ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LIX 10.1.4 Scope of Project Work Description of project: Location of project: Start and finish dates: 10.2 GENERAL H&S INFORMATION 10.2.1 List of Regulations Relevant legislation Tick if applicable Contractor Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970  Contractor Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Central Rules, 1971   10.2.2 H&S Codes of Practice Relevant Codes of Practice Tick if applicable Confined spaces  Construction work  Cranes  Demolition work  Excavation work  First aid in the workplace  Hazardous manual tasks  How to manage work health and safety risks  Labelling of workplace hazardous chemicals  Managing electrical risks at the workplace  Managing noise and preventing hearing loss at work  Managing risks of plant in the workplace  Managing the risks of falls in the workplace  Managing the work environment and facilities  Preventing falls in construction  Safe design structures  Scaffolding  Traffic management in workplaces  Welding processes  ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LX Work health and safety consultation, cooperation and coordination  Working in the vicinity of overhead and underground electrical lines  10.2.3 Contractor H&S Policy Share a copy of the Principal Contractor H&S Policy. 10.3 RISK MANAGEMENT 10.3.1 Identifying hazards and managing risks The Contractor shall systematically identify hazards and assess risks before the project starts by using the hierarchy of control (see 1.3.2) in conjunction with:  developing Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) to control risks associated with high risk construction work  using a risk management form to control general construction risks where necessary  The Contractor shall identify risks:  when introducing a new task; and  when new information is received about tasks, procedures, equipment or chemicals. All hazards that are identified throughout the project must be reported immediately to the principal employer. We will inform our workers of our risk management procedures and ensure they are trained in risk management 10.3.2 Hierarchy of Control The contractor shall control all risks identified by applying the Hierarchy of Controls as follows:  Eliminate  Substitute  Isolate  Engineering controls  Administrative controls  Personal Protective Equipment. Where possible, we will implement risk controls that are high in the order and will implement multiple controls where necessary. 10.3.3 Critical Construction Work We have identified the following critical construction work for this project. A Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) shall be developed for each of the high ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXI risk construction work activities. We will also develop SWMSs for any additional high risk work that is introduced or identified during the project. Critical construction work activity Safe Work Method Statement developed and attached (Yes/No) All critical construction work shall be governed by a “Permit to Work” system which shall be implemented by the Contractor. The SWMS shall be reviewed by the Contractor when:  there is a need to change the method of carrying out of the high risk construction work; and  a risk has been identified that is not included and managed within a SWMS. 10.4 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE 10.4.1 Emergency Preparedness The Contractor shall be make arrangements for emergency preparedness to:  show all workers and subcontractors the emergency point as part of their induction (this shall be covered in the induction checklist)  display emergency procedures in the site office or other visible location  provide and inspect fire extinguishers at the beginning of the project and six-monthly after that  . 10.4.2 Emergency Procedure In the event of a fire or similar emergency evacuation, the Contractor shall adopt following measures:  constitute an Emergency Response Team and develop a response plan encompassing all potential emergency situations:  stop work immediately and vacate the workplace;  assist anyone in the workplace who may not be familiar with the evacuation procedures;  call emergency services on the desired number. Other emergency numbers are on display in the site office (if applicable);  notify the principal employer;  assemble in the nominated assembly points until you receive further instructions from the principal employer or emergency services personnel  . ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXII 10.4.3 Emergency Contact The contact details of the Emergency Response Team (ERT) and other emergency responder to be provided here. 10.5 INCIDENT REPORTING & INVESTIGATION 10.5.1 Notification of Incidents Whenever an incident occurs at the workplace the Contractor shall:  immediately notify the principal employer and any other authorities in conformance with the applicable regulatory requirements; and  not interfere with the scene of the incident. The Contractor shall report the following incidents:  the death of a person;  an incident requiring hospitalisation;  a serious injury or illness of a person as defined in the relevant regulations. In the event of such an occurrence:  notify the principal employer who must notify the relevant authorities by the quickest means possible.  complete and share an Incident Notification Form with the principal employer as soon as possible following the incident (must be within 48 hours)  do not disturb the site until given clearance by the principal employer who will take advice from the local authorities  the principal contractor shall only give permission to disturb the site when it is agreed that a formal investigation is not required  if a formal investigation is required, the Contractor will secure the site  . 10.5.2 Investigation of Incidents For any reportable incident, the Contractor shall examine all incident/accident reports and identify trends. This shall be carried out in accordance to an Incident Investigation Procedure which shall be developed and comprise of the following key elements:  Establishing what happened, when, where and why through collection of evidence;  Investigation of accidents with a high priority - before people’s memories fade and while evidence is still available;  Looking at root or underlying issues not just immediate causes: viz premises, plant and substances, procedures, or people. Underlying causes includes - management arrangements and organisational factors such as design, selection of materials, maintenance, management of change, adequacy of risk controls, communication, competence etc. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXIII All incident investigation findings to be conducted by trained personnel and maintained in the form of a formal investigation report. In case of complex investigations involving major accident hazards, the Contractor shall engage specialist to support the process. 10.6 SITE SAFETY PROCEDURE The Contractor shall develop Site Specific Safety Procedure which shall provide details related to the following:  Site Safety Rules;  Site Amenities viz. provision and maintenance of sanitation facilities;  Site Security Arrangements;  Provision and display of safety signages at the conspicuous places;  Provision and maintenance of Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPEs);  Management measures for specific construction hazards viz. fall from heights; excavation work; work near overhead or underground electrical lines; electrical work; scaffolding work; and  Plan for managing the hazards associated with onsite traffic movement, as applicable. 10.7 H&S PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND REPORTING The H&S Plan will be reviewed on periodic basis by the Project in Charge and Senior Manager Safety and Compliance the Contractor and shall be shared with the principal employer. The performance of the Contractor will be monitored against the following Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):  Lost time (in hours) due to accidents (including fatalities);  Lost Time Injury (LTI) – Frequency Rate  Number of fatalities;  Number of reportable accidents; and  Total of hours of Health and Safety training in the month; and  Number of grievances raised with respect to Health and Safety. The aforesaid indicators will be tracked and recorded on a monthly basis by the Contractor H&S Manager and compared with the industry best practices. To this regard, the Contractor shall conduct weekly site safety inspection using a standard inspection checklist and corrective action plan developed and shared with the principal employer. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXIV Annexure 8 Format for Reporting of ESMP Implementation ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXV JHARKHAND POWER SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MONTHLY IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT Name of the Transmission Line___________ Period/Month _____ EMP Activities Observation/ Status Status till end of this Refere till end of last Period nce Observation/ Period 1c Has the final route selection avoided the displacements/ damage to property 2bi Has the final route been able to avoid transmission line/ tower in Forest, Jungle Jharis by careful selection of alignment 2bii Has the final route minimizes the need of deforestation by reducing the RoW requirement wherever possible as per the MoEF Circular No F. No.7-/25.- 2012 -FC 3ai Has the route included bird guards and markers in transmission lines as per the specification provided in IS- 5613, near the migratory bird path and bird habitats e.g. nesting grounds, foraging grounds, migration corridors etc 6aii Has the pre-construction equipment checks been carried out (use additional sheets to provide the monitored Leq values) 6aii Is regular equipment maintenance being carried out? (Use additional sheets to provide maintenance log) 6aiv Has monthly noise monitoring been carried out for DG sets 6av Has any permission been provided by Chief Engineer for night time work? 6bi Has quarterly air quality monitoring been carried out during the earthwork? 6biii Is PUCC certificate log book being maintained on regular basis? 6biv Instrument, machine, vehicle maintenance log book should be maintained on regular basis 7ci Has the Cut and fill slopes been protected with using standard engineering practices? 7 dii Has peripheral site drainage channel and provision of oil-water separator been made for the site? 7di Has septic tanks and soak pits/modular bio-toilets would be provided at construction camp? ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXVI EMP Activities Observation/ Status Status till end of this Refere till end of last Period nce Observation/ Period 9 aiv Has the safety practices been undertaken during the construction? Please explain in details whether barricading, reflective tapes has been undertaken? 7g What steps has been taken for coordination with local communities? 7h What initiatives have been taken to prevent obstruction to traffic? 10 Please indicate the actions which have been taken to prevent conflicts with local workers? 12ai Have the workers been provided with relevant PPE? 12aii How many observation on non – compliance in using personal protective equipment? 12bi Has the Contractor carried out Health Safety training for workers? (Please provide details of training carried out). This should include the details of carrying out the induction training, refresher training etc. 13b Has the fences been installed near the transmission lines near the elephant corridors or local wildlife corridors ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXVII Annexure 9 Format for Registering Grievance from Community/Project Affected Persons ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXVIII JHARKHAND POWER SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM Format for Grievance Recording Name of the Village: ________________ Name of Block:_____ Name of the Transmission Line___________ Period/Month _____ The project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Mentioning the name and Contact details are essential as this would help us in getting in touch with you. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you. Managing Director Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Nigam Limited Date Sub Division of Registration (to be filled by JE) Contact Information/Personal Details Name Home Address Village/Block Phone Number Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question : Please provide the details ( who, what, where and how) of your grievance below: If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here: ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXIX For Official Use Only Registered by ( Name of the Junior Engineer Registering Grievance ) Mode of Communication: Letter Verbal/Telephonic Reviewed by (Name /Position of Official reviewing Grievance Action Taken Whether Action Taken has been communicated to the Complainant: Yes/No ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXX Annexure 10 Critical Habitat Criteria (IFC PS6 Guidance Note 2012) ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXXI Critical Habitat Criteria (IFC PS6 Guidance Note 2012) Criteria Tier 1 Tier 2 Criterion 1: a)Habitat required to sustain ≥ c) Habitat that supports the regular Critically 10 % of the global population of occurrence of a single individual of a CR Endangered (CR) a CR or EN species /sub species and/or habitat containing / /species and where there regionally- important concentrations of Endangered (EN) known regular occurrences of Red-listed EN species where that habitat species: the species and where habitat could be considered as a discrete could be considered a discrete management unit for the management unit for the species/subspecies. species. d) Habitat of significant importance to b) Habitat with known, regular CR/EN species that are wide-ranging occurrences of CR or EN species and/or whose population distribution is where that habitat is one of 10 not well understood and where the loss or fewer discrete management of such a habitat could potentially impact sites globally for that species. the long-term survivability of the species. e) As appropriate, habitat containing nationally/regionally important concentrations of an EN, CR or equivalent national/regional listing. ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXXII Annexure 11 Candidate Critical Habitat Species (Criteria 1-3) and Assessment ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXXIII Candidate Critical Habitat Species (Criteria 1) and Assessment Common Species Information CH Rationale Criterion 1 Criterion 2 Criterion 3 Name Listing IUCN Indian EN X Straying elephant Though straying Indian Elephant movement is reported at Elephant movement is the forest areas by the reported in the area the habitat forest department and could not be designated as local villagers near the habitat containing regionally- transmission line important concentrations of corridors Elephant and hence do not represent as Critical Habitat IUCN Categorization- EN-Endangered ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXXIV Annexure 12 Assessment of Impact Significance ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXXV Impacts on Aesthetics & Visual Quality Impact Aesthetic and visual impact Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate Impacts on Air Quality Impact Air quality impact Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Negligible to Minor Impacts on Noise Quality Impact Noise quality impact Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Minor Impact on Land use Impact Impact on land use Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXXVI Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate Impact on Soil Impact Impact on water resource Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Minor Impacts on Road & Traffic Impact Impacts on Road & Traffic Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Negligible to Minor Impact on Biological Environment Impact Impact to Biological Environment Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Significance Negligible Minor Moderate Major ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 0402882 SEPTEMBER 2018 LXXVII Significance of impact is considered Moderate Impact on Socio-economic Conditions Impact Impact on Socio-economic Conditions Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Minor Impact on Community Health and Safety Impact Community Health and Safety Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Minor Impact on Occupational Health and Safety Impact Occupational Health and Safety Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Short Term Medium Term Long Term Impact Extent Local Regional National Impact Scale Low Medium High Impact Magnitude Positive Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Minor to Moderate ERM JUSNL: JPSIP, ESIA SCHEME W VOLUME 2 PROJECT # 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