E-209
VOL. 7
Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. Guangzhou
Environmental Impact Assessment
GUANGZHOU ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
CERTIFICATE NO: GB IAC CA0953
March, 98



THIS ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN HAS BEEN PREPARED BY THE GUANGZHOU
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE. THE INSTITUTE HAS BEEN
CERTIFIED BY THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OF CHINA
WITH A CLASS A CERTIFICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
CERTIFICATION CREDENTIALS OF THE INSTITUTE ARE SHOWN BELOW:
CERTIFICATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
CERTIFIED: GUANGZHOU ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE
CATEGORY: CLASS A
CERTIFICATE NO: GB IAC CA0953



LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Constructor:    Guangzhou Public Utilities Bureau
Author:         Guangzhou Environmental Scientific Research Institute
Director:       Z. Q. Wu
Chief Engineer:  K. H. Yu
Project Manager: G. P. Xu
W. D. Wang
Contributors:    G. P. Xu,  W. D. Wang,
N. M. Pan, Y. S. Liang,
Y. Q. Zhuang, R. W. Xie,
L. Deng,   L. Ye
Participants:    X. D. Lin, S. F. Weng



Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................                       : I
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT .1
1.1.1 Justification for the Project             .I
1.1.2 Objectives of the Assessment .1
1.2 BAsis OF THEASSESSMENT                      .2
1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF CHINA     .2
1.4 STANDARDS USED IN THE AssEssMENT                 .2
1.5 TECHNICAL GUIDES AND CRITERIA OF EIA              .4
1.6 BOUNDARIES OF THE ASEmENT                      .5
1.7 METHODOLOGY                             .5
1.8 ASSESSMENT FACTORS AND TARGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION    .5
1.8.1 Selection of Assessment Factors              .5
1.8.2 Target of Environmental Protection           .5
1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTION ZONE                    .5
1.10 ASSESSMENT GRADES                         .6
2. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS                     .6
2.1 NATURAL ENvIRoNmENT                        .6
2.1.1 Geographic Location                     .6
2.1.2 Geology and Topographical Features             .6
2.1.3 Meteorology and Climate                   .7
2.1.4 Surface Water                        .7
2.1.5 Soil and Plant Cover                    .8
.2.1.6 Terrestrial Ecology                   .8
2.1.7 Aquatic Ecology                       .9
2.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT                     .9
2.2.1 Overview of Fangcun District               .9
2.2.2 Planting area in the north of the Longxi District .11
2.2.3 Sensitive Receptors .14
2.2.4 Present Use of the Site of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot.     15
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .16
3.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT .16
3. 1.1 Features of the Project .16
3.1.2 Site and Scale of the Facility .16
3.1.3 Components of the Project .17
3.2 TECHNICAL ANALYsis OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT .18
3.2.1 General layout .18
3.2.2 Water Supply and Drainage .18
3.2.3 Fire Control System .19
3.2.4 Power Supply System .19
3.2.5 Analysis of the Main Pollution Sources .20
3.2.6 Analysis of Risks Associated With the Refueling Station .25
4. AIR QUALITY .26
4.1 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CONDITIONS .26
4.1.1 Monitoring program .26
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
4.1.2  Assessment of the  current air quality  ..............................................................                                                 28
4.1.3  Monitoring  results  .............................................................. 29
4.1.4  Potential Health  Impact of the  Pollutants  .............................................................. 31
4.1.5  Summary  of Current Air Quality  ..........................                                            .................................... 32
4.2 AIR IMPACTASSESSMENT ................................. .32
4.2.1 Prediction items and assessment standard ........................................................... 32
4.2.2 Atmospheric Dispersion Model ...................................................................                                                        33
4.2.3 Dispersion Modelling Results ...................................................................                                                       35
4.2.4  Prediction  of the  combined  impacts  ...................................................................   35
4.2.5  Conclusion  of air quality  assessment ...................................................................   36
5. WATER QUALITY ...................................................................                                                                                   39
5.1 OVERVIEW OF WATER DISCHARGE ...................................................................                                                               39
5.1.1 Future water quality ...................................................................                                                               39
5.1.2 Assessment of the Current Water Quality .............................................................. 41
5.2 WATER QUALITY PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS ................................................................... 42
5.2.1 Pollutant Sources ...................................................................                                                                  42
5.2.2 Impact assessment of the water quality ................................................................. 43
5.2.3 Water quality summary ....................................................................                                                             43
6. CURRENT NOISE ENVIRONMENTAND IMPACTASSESSMENT ................................... 43
6.1 MONITORING OF THE CURRENT NOISE ENVIRONMENTAND ASSESSMENT ............................. 43
6.1.1 Standard and assessment items ....................................................................                                                      43
6.1.2  Monitoring  of existing  noise  levels ...................................................................                                             44
6.1.3 Monitoring result of the noise ...................................................................                                                     45
6.1.4 Analysis of the current noise environment ............................................................. 45
6.2 NoISE IMPACTASSESSMENT DURING CONSTRUCTING ........................................................ 45
6.2.1 Standard ...................................................................                                                                           45
6.2.2 Investigation of the construction equipment ........................................................... 46
6.2.3 Prediction of the noise impact during construction ................................................. 46
6.2.4 Impact assessment during construction ................................................................. 47
6.3 NOISE IMPACTASSESSMENT DURING THE OPERATION OF THE PROJECT .............................. 48
6.3.1 Scope and standard of the assessment ................................................................. 48
6.3.2  Prediction  of the  noise  impact .....................................                                       ............................... 48
6.3.3 The prediction result and the analysis of the impact .............................................. 51
6.4 CONCLUSION ...................................................................                                                                                52
6.4.1 Conclusion of the noise impact assessment during construction ........................... 52
6.4.2 Conclusion of the noise  impact assessment after operation ...........                                                             ...................... 52
7. ALTERNATIVE SITES EVALUATED FOR THE MAINTENANCE DEPOT .........                                                                                      ................. 52
7.1 ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................                                                                              52
7.2 THE IMPACT OF THE GENERAL PLAN ON THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................... 53
7.2.1  Factors  Influencing  the  Site  Layout ...................................................................                                            53
7.2.2 Alternative Designs Constraints .................................................................... 54
7.3 SCOPE OF THE AssEssMENT. .                                                                                                                                    54
8. MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................... 55
8.1 AIR EMISSIONS ...................................................................                                                                             55
8.1.1 Diesel Generator ...................................................................                                                                    55
8.1.2  Parkinging  garage  ...................................................................  55
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
8.1.3 Cooking exhausts ......................................................................                                                                    55
8.2 WAsTEWATER .....................................................................                                                                                  56
8.2.1  Process  of Sewage  Treatment .....................................................................     56
8.2.2 Treatment Result .....................................................................                                                                     57
8.2.3 Required Mitigation .....................................................................                                                                  58
8.3 NOISE .....................................................................                                                                                        58
8.3.1  Diesel Generating  Set .....................................................................  58
8.3.2  Parkinging  garage  .....................................................................  59
8.4 WASTE DISPOSAL .....................................................................                                                                               60
8.5 DANGEROUS GOODS AND FIRE PROTECTION ..................................................................... 60
8.6 POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TREATMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ....................... 60
8.6.1  Air emissions  ..................................................................... 61
8.6.2 Wastewater .....................................................................                                                                            61
8.6.3 Noise ..................................................................... 61
8.7 ESTIMATED INVESTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING .............................................. 62
9. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION  ..................................................................... 62
9. 1 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................................... 62
9.2 DOCUMENTS FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .....................................................................     62
9.3  FORM  AND  SCOPE  OF PUBLIC  PARTICIPATION  .................................................................... 63
9.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES .....................................................................                                                              63
9.4.1 Public Survey .....................................................................                                                                         63
9.4.2 Public Meeting .....................................................................                                                                        63
9.4.3  Results  of Public  Participation  .............................................                                           ........................  64
9.5  RESPONSE  TO  PUBLIC  OPINIONS ...................................................................................... 65
9.6 CONCLUSION ..................................................................                                                                                      66
10. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MANAGEMENTAND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
PLAN .....................................................................                                                                                                  67
10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MANAGEMENT ................................................................. 67
10. 1.1 Environmental Protection Management Organization .......................................... 67
10.1.2  Responsibilities  of Environmental M anagement .....................                                                       ............................. 67
10.1.3 Training ..................................................................... 68
10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .....................................................................                                                               69
10.2.1  Monitoring  Locations  .....................................................................  69
10.2.2 Monitoring Parameters and Sampling Frequency ................................................ 69
10.2.3 Monitoring Data Analysis and Management ......................................................... 70
11. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSIONS ..........................................................1
11.1 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT .........................................................                                                                             1
11.2  PROJECT  DESCRIPTION  ..................................................................... I
11.3 SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT .....................................................................                                                                       2
11. 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................ 2
11.5 IMPACTASSESSMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURES ..............................................                                                                              3
11. 6 MONITORING THE NOISE LEVELS AT THE HOUSES OPPOSITE THE RAMP AND REQUIRING FURTHER
MITIGATION INCLUDING, FOR EXAMPLE, RAISING THE WALLS ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE RAMP OR
ENCLOSING THE END IF THE NOISE FROM THE FACILITY EVER EXCEEDS THE CLASS IV STANDARD. 4
11. 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ..............................................                                                                                            5
11. 8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .............................................. 5
11.9 CONCLUSION ..............................................                                                                                                           6
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
12. ANNEX 1 MAIN PLANTS LIST OF LONGXI MAINTENANCE SPOTAND SURROUNDING
A R E A    .. .... .............. ...... .... ... .... .... ............ ......1..... ......
List of Tables
TABLE 1. -I AIR QUALITY STANDARDS UNIT- mg/Nm...............................................                                                 3
TABLE12VHcE msiN TNAD  .....-........E......I...CL........M............N......A....DA....D......3 
TABLE-- Nis  ADADu.-d3A)....N.........E....STA.......DA...........UNIT:.................A.......3 
TABLE I.-4 NoisESTANDARD AT THE BoRDER    UNITdB (A) ..............................................3
TABLE 1.-S5STANDAkDS FOR SOURCE OFNOISEAT THE BoRDERoF THE CoNsTRucTIoNSiTE (dB(A))...............4
TABLE1. -6 SuRFACE WATER QuALITY STANvDARDs   uNiT:mg/L(EXCEPTPH) .................................4
TABLE 1. - 7 STANDARD oF WAsTE wATER DISCHARGE....................................................4
TABLE 2_-i PopuLAToN. AREA & INCOMEf oF PLANTING AREA IN THE NoRTH PART OF THE LoNGXI SUB-DISTRICT (I1997).......13
TABLE 2-2 LAND UsE oF PLANTiNG AREA iN THE NoRTH PART OF THE LoNGXI SUB-DISTRICT ......................14
TABLE 2.-3  LocATIoNoF SENsiTIvE RECEPToRs iNTHE NoRTHoF LoNGXISUB-DISTRICT ..............S..........
TABLE 3. -I AREA REQuIREMENTS.........  .......................................................16
TABLE 3-2 STATusAvDFuNCTIONoFEACH uNIToF THE BUILDINGS........................................17
TABLE 3.-3 MA4iN T'YPEs oF THE BusEs.............................................................20
TABLE 3.-4 STAUS oF WAsTE GA~s DISCHARGE oF BusES .. .............................................20
TABLE 3.-S INTEGRAL DiscHARGE FAcToRs oF HEAvy GASOLINE AUTOMOBILES AND HEAVY DIESEL OIL A UTOMOBILES iN 2000 iN
G u  N  zoGU......................G.............H............................21...........2
TABLE 3-6 ESTIMATES oF wAsTE WATER DISCHARGE FROM THE PROJECT.....................................22
TABLE 3.- 7 QuALITYAND AmouNToF WASTE WATER FROMf THE PROJECT ....................................24
TABLE 3._8 QUALiTY AND AmouNT oF THE WAsTE WATER AFFER PRETREATMENT ..............................24
TABLE 4. -I LocATIoN oF THE MoNIToRING STATIONS ..................................................26
TABLE 4.-2 FREQuENcy oF AiR QuALiTY MONIToRING.................................................27
TABLE 4-3 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIs METHoDs .......................................................27
TABLE 4.-4 AiR POLLUTION sTANDARDs AND CRITERIA...................................................28
TABLE 4_-S HOURLYAVERAGEPOLLUTANTCONCENTRATIO.NS.............................................30
TABLE 4.-6 DAILYAVERAGE POLLUTANTCONCENTRATIONS................................................31
TABLE 4.- 7AIR POLLuTIoNsouRCE sTRENGTHsm s M/..................................................32
TABLE 4._8  DispERsioN PAR4METERs FoR wiNDY CONDITIONS ...........................................34
TABLE 4. -9  DispERsioN ARAM4ETERs FOR LIGHT WINDS ................................................34
TABLE 4.-JO   WIND PRoFILEPARA?vETERsFoR DIFFERENT DEGREE OFSTABILITY...............................34
TABLE 4.-11 GRouND coNCENTRToN DISTRiBuTioN oFS02 OFTHE ELEVI;TED SOURCE (mg/Nm3)................37'
TABLE 4.-12 GROUND CONCENTRATON DISTRIBUTION OFNAOXOF THE ELEVATED SOURCE (mg/Nm3)................37
TABLE 4,-13  GROUND CONCENTRATION DISTRBUTION OF CO  OF THE PAR.KING  (mg/Nm3)......................38
TABLE 4. -14 GRouND CONCENTRATIoN DisTRIBuTIoN OFNOx OF THE PARKING (mg/Nm3).....................38
TABLE 4.-IS GRouND CONCENTRATIoN DISTRiBUION OF NMHC OF THE PARYING (Mg/NVM3) ...................38
TABLE 4._16 DISTRIBuTIoN oF HouRLY CONCENTRATIoN oF NOx AND NMHC DoWN'WIND ON THE WESTAND NORTH SIDE OF
THEAR P         NGGRAE.......................N..........NG........GARAGE...................                                        39....3
TABLE 5. -] DETAILED LOCATION OF THE MONI TORING POINT7S.............................................40
TABLE 5-2  wATER QuALTYMONIToRING ITEMSAND ANAL YSIS METHOD.....................................41
TABLE 5. -3 MONITORING RESULT OF THE SURFACE WATER ...............................................41
TABLE 5.-4  SuRFACE wATER QuALiTY STANDARD  (mg/L, EXCEPTPH)..................I....................41
TABLE 5.-S  WASTE WA TER QUALITY AND MAIN POLLUTANTS DISCHARGED AFTER PRE-TREATMENT TO MUNICIPAL SEWER SYSTEM ....43
TABLE 5-6  WATER QUALITY AFTER TREATAIENTINXILANG WASTE WATER TREATMENTIPLANT .......................43
TABLE        N 6   ETNDRD.-IA NOISE....................STANDARDS.....................B....A.........                                        44..4
TABLE 6-2  MONITORING RESULTOF IHE CURRENT'NOISE ENVIRONMENT ....................................45
TABLE 6. -3 NoisE LIMITs oN THE PERIMETER OF THE CONSTRUCTION siTE  (Leq(A) )...........................45
TABLE 6-4  NoisEoF DIFFERENT CONsTRucTIoN EQuIPM'ENT............................................46
TABLE 6-SNoIfSELEVELSFOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTATDIFFE RENT DISTANCES (dB(A)) ................----47
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
TABLE 6-6 MANNOISESOURCESOF THEPROJECT ....................                             ........................................................ 48
TABLE 6-7 PREDICTION RESULT OF NOISE AFTER CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT ..............                            ......................................... 51
TABLE 7.-I CoMPARpsONOF THE THREE ALTERNATIVES ...........................................                                                  53
TABLE8.4- CONCENTRATIONAND REMOVAL RATE OF THISPROJECTBEFOREANDAFTER PRETREATMENT ........ 57
TABLE 8.-2  EsTMAmTEDINvEsTMENToFENviRoNMENTALENGiNEERiNG  (RMB) ...............                                .......................................... 62
TABLE 9. -  SuW M4mRY OF PUBLIC OPINIONSAND RESPONSES ........................................................................................ 66
TABLE I 0.   TRAINING PLAN ................                ..................................................... .   ....................... 68
TABLE 10-2  MoNIoR GPARA TERsANDSAPlNGREQuENcy ..........................1- MOIOIG. ............................................... 69
List of Figures
Following Page
Figure 2 -1. Geographic Location of the Construction Project and Water Quality Monitoring Sections ......... ..... 2-1
Figure 2 -2. Vegetation and Flower Planting Area in Northern Longxi .......................................... .............. 2-5
Figure 2 -3. The First Row of Residential Building in Fengchi Village, 30m  West of the Maintenance Depot.....2-8
Figure 2 -4. The First Row of Residential Building in Nan Village, 15m  North of the Maintenance Depot ... .... 2-8
Figure 3 -1. Overall Layout of the Project ... .....................................................................................   3-1
Figure 3 -2. Illustration Sheet of Transportation Texture for the Project ................................................ .... 3-2
Figure 4 -1. Distribution of Monitoring Locations for Ambient Air and Noise ....................................... ..... 4-1
Figure 4 -2. Distribution of NOx Ground Hourly Mean Value under Maximum  Emission ...   .............. ... ... ...   ... 4-7
Figure 5 -1. Illustration of Sewage-collecting Piping for Xilang Sewage Treatment Plant ........................ ..... 5-3
Figure 7 -1. Illustration of Siting Options for the Bus Maintenance Depot .............................................. ... 7-1
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Introduction
Background of the Project
Justification for the Project
Public transportation of a city is an important part of its traffic and transportation system. Buses
are very important in the traffic fabric of Guangzhou. In terms of the statistics of Guangzhou City
in November, 1997, there are 4595 public traffic vehicles. According to the urban planing, there
will be more than 4700 buses in Guangzhou by the 2000. At present, maintenance facilities,
including those currently under construction, can only service 2400 vehicles. This is far below
national and international levels. Scarcity of maintenance facilities restricts the development of
public transportation. In order to improve the situation, it has been proposed to construct the
Longxi Maintenance Depot.
The project lies in Fangcun District west of the city centre. Fangcun will become a sub-centre of
Guangzhou in the future. It has an area of 42.6km2, and it is separated from the centre of
Guangzhou by the Pearl River. The resident population will increase to more than 600,000 in
2010 from 150,000 in this year, and the buses will increase to more than 660. Fangcun has no
maintenance facility yet, and all the buses have to be maintained in the urban centre. If a
maintenance facility is built in Fangcun, it will result in a reduction in the total no-loaded
kilometers driven to and from other maintenance facilities. It will benefit the local vehicles that
will not have to travel across the Pearl River. Thus it will improve the overall traffic situation in
the centre district of the city.
Maintenance at this facility will keep the buses in good condition and reduce their overall exhaust
emissions and noise. The catalytic converter is also inspected and replaced if necessary during
maintenance. Therefore, the construction of the bus maintenance depot is expected to contribute
to the overall reduction of air pollution of the city centre.
The project is a sub-project of Guangzhou Urban City Centre Transport Project, which is funded
in part, by the World Bank. According to the File No.003 (GH086) Environmental Protection
Management for Construction Projects, promulgated by NEPA, National Planning Commission
in 1986, as well as the requirement of the World Bank, this project is subject to an Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA). Authorised by Guangzhou Public Utility Bureau, Guangzhou
Environmental Scientific Research Institute prepared this Environmental Impact Assessment.
Objectives of the Assessment
There is no doubt that the project will alleviate the deteriorating situation of bus maintenance in
Fangcun District. On the other hand, the public has expressed some concerns with respect to the
construction and operation of the facility. According to Environmental Protection Law of PRC,
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
the assessment will investigate the present environmental quality of air, wastewater and noise at
the site of the project, and analyse the emissions from the facility. Potential impacts of the project
on the natural environment, social life and economy will be identifies and assessed. A program to
minimise potential environmental impacts will also be identified. This program will address the
relationship between development and environmental protection during the construction and
operation, in a cost-effective manner.
Basis of the Assessment
The following documents provided the basis for the assessment:
1) Environmental Protection Managementfor Construction Projects (86) GH003, March 1986;
2) Informing to Enhance the EM Management of Projects Loaded by International Banking
Organisations, HJ (1993) No.324;
3) The World Bank Operational Manual - Environmental Assessment (OD 4.01);
4) Authorised File about EMA of LBMA Project, Guangzhou Public Utility Bureau;
5) Possibility Statement of the Bus Maintenance Facility Project; and
6) Guangzhou Government approval to the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot.
Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations of China
The following laws and regulations form the basis of the regulatory framework:
1) Environmental Protection Law of PRC;
2) Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC;
3) Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC;
4) Noise Pollution Prevention Regulations of PRC;
5) Operation Measures to Control New Pollution from Construction Projects in Guangzhou;
6) Air Pollution Prevention Regulations in Guangzhou;
7) Noise Pollution Prevention Regulations in Guangzhou;
8) Zoning of Guangzhou Urban Area According to 'Standard of Environmental Noise in Urban
Area', SF(1995) File No.85;
9) Management Measures of Construction and Investment of Waste Water Collected Treatment in
Guangzhou, SF(1989) File No.69; and,
10) Management Regulation of Guangzhou Green Area (1996, Dec.)
Standards Used in the Assessment
The following standards (for each parameter) were used in this assessment:
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Air
The second class of the Air quality.
Table 0-1 Air Quality Standards unit: mg/Nm3
Items                                     Concentration
Time                         Class 2 Standard
TSP                          Daily average                 0.30
NO,,                         Daily average                 0.10
Hourly average               0.15
NO2                          Daily average                 0.08
Hourly average               0.12
SO2                          Daily average                 0.15
Hourly average               0.50
CO                           Daily average                 4.00
Hourly average                10.00
Vehicle emissions
Table 0-2 Vehicle Emission Standards
Type of vehicle                     Standard                   Reference
CO(%)            HC(ppm)         GB1476.5-93
|Gasolinevehicle   |new              4.5              1200
|   |   in-use   |   5.0          1500
Diesel vehicle                    4.5-5(FSN)                 GB 1476.6-93
Noise
After the construction of the project, the area of the maintenance depot and the first row of the
buildings in Fengchi village and Nan village are considered as Class 4 (all the other land of the
villages are Class 2).
Table 0-3 Noise Standard unit: dB(A)
[Class        | Scope                               | day          | Night
14             Facility                              70             55
Table 0-4 Noise Standard at the Border   unit dB(A)
| Class                        Day                         | night
4                             70                           55
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-5 Standards for Source of Noise at the Border of the Construction Site (dB(A))
Activity               Main Noise Source                      Limnit
Day           Night
Earth and stone     bulldozer, excavator, fork-lift truck  75           55
Pile Driving                pile driver                85        use prohibited
Structure       concrete mixer, vibration pile driver,  70           55
electric saw
Set up                  crane, elevator             65              55
Water -
Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water & Allowed Concentration of Wastewater
Discharge
Table 0-6 Surface Water Quality Standards   unit: mg/L(except pH)
Pollutants    pH   | CODcr |  BOD5           Oil        Pb         Cu        DO
Standard     6.5-8.5     20         6         0.5       0.05        1.0         3
Table 0-7 Standard of Wastewater Discharge
Pollutant                 Standard( mg/l)                Reference
CODcr                         500              3 crass of the GB8978-1996
BOD5                         300
SS                          400
Oil                          5                1 class of the DB44 37-90
Grease                        10
Technical Guides and Criteria of EIA
I)Technical Guides of EIA (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93), April 1st, 1994
2)Technical Guides of EIA (Acoustic Environment) (HJ/T2.4-1995)
3)Technical Criteria of Environmental Inspection and Survey, National Environmental Protection
Agency, 1980
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Boundaries of the Assessment
1)Air: a circle, whose radius is about 1km and the center is the site of the project;
2)Water: from the upper to the lower of Huadi Pour, and its mouth named Pingzhou Water
Channel; and,
3)Noise: 1 m away from the perimeter of the maintenance depot and the first row building facing
to the project of the Fengchi village and Nan village.
Methodology
The EIA work will be carried out according to the rules of File HJ(1993) No.324 and The World
Bank Operational Manual - Environmental Assessment (OD 4.01), and the relevant national
guides and criteria. Selection of sampling stations for air, water and noise were based on field
investigations at the project site. Through general surveys, along with data collected in recent
years in this district, the quality of the existing environmental conditions will be characterized.
Predictions of environmental impacts and the possible effects of mitigation measures were
evaluated with the use of some mathematics models.
Assessment Factors and Target of Environmental Protection
Selection of Assessment Factors
In terms of the emissions from the project, the following factors were assessed for each
parameter:
I)Air environment: TSP, NMHC, NO,, CO
2)Water environment: pH, CODcr, BOD5, petroleum, SS
3)Noise environment: Leq dB(A)
Target of Environmental Protection
The main target is to protect the residential and agricultural environment of the people living in
Haibei Village and Longxi Village, adjacent to the project site.
Environmental Function Zone
The environmental function zone in the assessment range are as follows:
1) Air environmental function zoning: 2-grade function zoning
2) Water environmental function zoning: quasi protection area of water source
3) Noise environmental: 4-grade function zoning
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Assessment Grades
According to the EIA guidance of the world bank, based on the nature and scale of the project
and the regional environmental situation of where the project is proposed, the project need to be
assessed as a Class A assessment.
Existing Environmental Conditions
Natural Environment
Geographic Location
The site of the project is located at the northern side of Longxi Road, Fangcun District,
Guangzhou, and its western boundary is next to Fengchi Road. The site lies in the southwest of
Nancun Hamlet, Haibei Village, and is along the west boundary of Longxi Village. The
geographical coordinate of the central point of the project is: 230 4' 32" north latitude, 1130 11'
29" east longitude.
Geology and Topographical Features
The project is located on flat terrain on the largest part of the Fangcun Alluvial Plain in the river
system of the Pearl River Delta. The area of assessment is made up of the Hedong and Longxi
sub-districts (Figure 2-1).
1) Hedong sub-district
Hedong sub-district is circled by Huadi Pour from the north and the south-west, the rear channel
(south river) of Guangzhou reach of Pearl River from the east, and the east reach of Foshan water
channel from the south. Hedong Tableland is the center of the whole island, and it is made up of
red sandstone and conglomerate of Cretacic. The tableland is 10-19.9m high. The tableland is
covered by thick Quaternary sediment, and its south and north edges are red mud stone, sandstone
and a conglomerate or fragmented stone covered by thick silt. The plain is I .5-3.0m high. Most of
this region is a mixture of industrial, commercial and residential areas. There are also some areas
for vegetable and flower plantings.
2) Longxi sub-district
Longxi sub-district is also named Shihu Island. It is circled by Guangfo River from the north and
the west, and Huadi Pour from the east. The center of the island, Furong Hillock, is also made up
of red sandstone and conglomerate of Cretacic. It is 8-17.3m high. The Longxi Maintenance
Depot lies just at the south of the Furong (Shihu) Tableland, about lkm away. The tableland is
covered by Quaternary sediment, and it is 1.3-2.Om high. After cultivation, the area has become a
famous flower, plant and vegetable producing area. The north of the Longxi sub-district is the
focus of this assessment.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Meteorology and Climate
The region of assessment of Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot lies within a monsoon climate area
in the south subtropical belt. Its' mean annual temperature is 13.4°C; average temperature in July
is 28.4°C; lowest temperature is 0°C; the highest is 38.7 'C. Mean annual precipitation is
1600mm; precipitation from April to September makes up 80.4% of annual total. It has the most
thunderstorms in April-June, and the most typhoons July-September. Mean annual relative
humidity is 72%. The prevailing wind is from the North. Seasonal prevailing winds are as
follows: Spring - south-east and north; Summer - south-east wind; Fall - north and east winds;
and Winter - north-west wind. Mean annual wind speed is 2.1m/s (7.5 km/h); frequency of no
wind is 29.3%. Hours of sunshine are 1895; mean annual solar radiation is 105.6Kcal/km2. Mean
annual runoff is 800mm, evaporation from the land surface is 700mm, and 1300mm from water
surface. Mean annual days of fog are 6, days of light fog are 206.
Surface Water
There are seven surface water bodies in the area of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. They are
all the part of the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River Delta. They are characterized by irregular
semi-diurnal tide (Figure 2-1).
1) The West Channel of Guangzhou Reach of Pearl River
This channel begins at Ya Hillock which joins the Liuxi River and Baini River at the north-east of
the assessment region, and terminates at Baie Pond where the north edge of the assessment region
lies. It is 18km long, 336m wide and 4.4m deep. The assessment region only reaches to the south
part of the west channel.
2) The Fore Channel of Guangzhou Reach of Pearl River
This channel begins at Baie Pond, passes by Yuancun District, and ends at Dahaosha in Huangpu
District. It is 28km long, 525m wide and 4.8m deep. The assessment region extends to the west
part of the fore channel.
3) The Rear Channel of Guangzhou Reach of Pearl River
This channel begins at Baie Pond, passes by Fangcun District, to Dahaosha. It is 32km long,
525m wide and 5.Im deep. The assessment region extends to the north part of the rear channel,
which is also named South Channel.
4)Huadi River
This river begins at Xingfuli, passes by Dongjiao, to Nanjiao. It is 8.3km long, 80m wide and
2.5m deep. It is 2km away from the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot.
5)Guangfo River
The river begins at Huadi River in Dongjiao, then turns to west and arrives at Shaxi which lies in
the south of Dongjiao, and links with Foshan River. It is 5.5km long, 80m wide and 2.5m deep. It
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
is 1.5km from the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot.
6)Foshan River
This river begins at Yajisha of the rear channel, passes the south of Fangcun District and Foshan
City and goes to Shakou in Nanhai City. It is 33km long, 11 8m wide and 3.6m deep. It is 1.6km
from the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. Nanpu 13 t Village, near Foshan River, is at the north
mouth of Chencun Waterway and Shawei is at the north mouth of Pingzhou Waterway (Figure2-
1).
7)Chigang Pour in Fangcun District
This pour begins at Guangfo River, goes east and turns south-east at Fengchi near the Longxi Bus
Maintenance Depot, and then links with Foshan River 300m from Yuwei Bridge, passing by
HaiZhong Village. It is the main pour in Furong Island where the project lies. It is 400m west of
the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot.
Soil and Plant Cover
The soil of Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is sub-mergienic paddy soil, and flowers, plants and
vegetable are planted in most of the land. From the south of Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot to
Haizhong Village and Hainan Village near Foshan Waterway, the soil is paddy soil. It is more
productive than the soil of the project site, from Longxi Village to Haibei Village. Furong (Shihu)
Hillock has some red soil from red sandstone. The region of assessment is fertile and has many
waterways. The water is controlled by locks and it is easy to irrigate.
Terrestrial Ecology
Agriculture has played a leading role around the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot, and this
artificial ecosystem, includes flowers and potted plants.
1) Community of Flowers and Potted Plants
The monsoon climate of the south Asia tropics and the system of rivers and ditches in the
Zhujiang Delta, are advantageous for the planting of flowers and potted plants. There are many
plants, which make up the so-called community of flowers and potted plants surrounding the
project site. The dominant 55 species of plants include 31 species of potted landscape plants and
24 species of flowers.
2) Community of Vegetables and Fruit Trees
Many trees are planted in the Kuipenzhou Ecological Protection Zone, Fangcun District, which is
4km away from the proposed depot, but they also appear along both sides of the villages and
roads. There are many vegetables, fruit trees in Longxi sub-district. The dominant 68 species of
plant include 24 species of vegetables and 44 species of fruit trees.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The complete list of potted landscape plants and fruit trees is detailed in Appendix 1.
Aquatic Ecology
There are phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic species and fish present in the water ways
adjacent to the project site. The species composition reflect the water quality of the area and the
indicator organisms suggest the water quality is moderately to seriously polluted. The
construction of Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot has the potential to further adversely impact the
aquatic ecosystem around the project site unless wastewater is properly treated. The assessment
area of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is surrounded by rivers and ditches. The boundary for
sampling of the aquatic ecosystem is each exterior tidal river. Only algae was sampled as part of
this study;. the infornation on fish, benthos and plankton are taken from available recent
information.
Algae and Plankton
There are 6 phylum consisting of 56 genus in ditches and water surrounding Longxi sub-district.
These phylum include 24 genus of Bacillariophyta, 17 genus of Chlorophyta, 8 genus of
Cyanohyta, 3 genus of Euglanophyta, 2 genus of Cryptophyta, and 2 genus of Pyrrophyta. The
dominant algae include Cycltella, Nitzschia, Synedre, Chroomobas, Cryptomonas, Euylena,
Cruciyenia, Scenedesmus, and Oscillatoria. Due to the tidal influence, there are also
representatives of marine species such as Skeletonema and Coscinodesmus in the Foshan River
and Guangfo Rivers.
Fish and Benthos
There are many pollution-resistant species including Gambusia affinis, Misgurnus
anguillucaudatus, Clarias batiachus and Carassius accratus. During high-water periods, there
are clean and semi-clean fresh fish, like Megalobrama hoffimanni, Squaliobarbus curriculus,
Culter pteudobrevicauda, Elopichthys bambusa, and Cirrhinus molitorella, and migratory fishes
such as Angrillajaponica and Hemirhamphus kurumens in the Foshan and Guangfo Rivers and
the south Huadi Ditch.
Benthic species present reflect the level of water pollution around the Longxi Depot. For
example, there are Limnodrilus noffineisteri, Brancniura sowerbyi and Rhyaodriius sinious,
which are indicative of water pollution in the Dongjiao and Huadi Rivers. This also suggests that
water pollution in the Huadi Ditch is greater than in the Guangfo and Foshan Rivers. Clean
plankton had been net fished in the Foshan River up to 10 years ago, but now this is canceled
since pollution has seriously influenced nornal growth of aquatic life.
Socio-economic Environment
Overview of Fangcun District
1)Area and Population
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Fangcun District (42.6km2) lies in the southwest of Guangzhou. In 1997, its population was
168,000 of which 37,000 (22%) were farmers. The transient population is 82,000 which makes
for a total population of 250,000.
2)Features of the Economy
Fangcun District has been a district of Guangzhou, as approved by the State Planning Department
since 1985. It borders Baiyun District and Liwan District on the north separated by the West
Channel; bordered by Haizhu District on the east separated by the Rear Channel; bordered by
Nanhai City on the west; and bordered by Panyu City from the south-east.
The economy of Fangcun has four features: agriculture, industry, commercial residential district
development, and convenient transportation.
Planting of flowers, plants and dish gardens and vegetable planting, stock farming and fishing.
The names of Fangcun and Huade reflect that Fangcun is the homeland of flower and the base is
dish garden. Flowers have been planted in the area for more than 2000 years. Due to it's fertile
soil, suitable climate, weaving waterway and convenient irrigation, Fangcun has favorable
conditions for agricultural activities. Since the open policy, the flowers of Fangcun are even more
famous. Now there are 173 families, 482 species, and over 2000 varieties of flower and dish
gardens in the district. The planting area is over 466.67 ha. The products are sold to over 20 cities
in China and about 10 countries overseas. The area also supplies a lot of peach, orange, flower
and dish gardens to the annual Flower Festival. It is indeed the city of flowers in the City of
Flowers, Guangzhou.
There are 1400 ha of farmland in Fangcun. Apart from flowers, land is used for planting of
vegetables, fruit and the farming of fish, fancy fish, chickens, ducks, pigs and cows.
Some flower or fishing institutes lie in Fangcun, such as the Pearl River Marine Product Institute.
(2) Industry
Most of the heavy industries of Guangzhou are located in Fangcun, such as the Guangzhou Iron
and Steel Plant, the Guangzhou Shipyard and the Guangdong Pharmaceutical Factory. There are
also some foreign factories and street factories. In recent years, the Dongsha Economic Zone has
been developed which includes material processing, and the manufacture of pharmaceutical and
technological products.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
(3) New commercial residential district
In recent years, newly developed commercial and residential districts have appeared on the Pearl
River Delta. There are small gardens in these districts. These areas not only relieve the pressure
of the high density in the old urban area of Guangzhou, but also supply a good opportunity for
economic development.
(4) Transportation
Fangcun is surrounded by water. It has about 30 wharves. It is very convenient to travel from here
to other places of Guangzhou, to the cities and country side of the Pearl River Delta, and beyond
to Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japan. It is a good port for exports from Guangzhou. Along with
the road to the center of Guangzhou across the Pearl River Bridge, there are other routes which
include the widened Huansha Tunnel, subway line one, and the Hedong Bridge. There are many
new and widened roads in the district; including Hedong Road, Fangcun Road, Huadi Road,
Longxi Road, Dongsha Road and the highway. As well, there are sidings. All of these features
support selection of the project site.
(5) Greenspace
There is more than 500 ha of greenspace in Fangcun which makes up 11.3% of the area of the
whole district. The large greenspaces include Zuiguan Parking, the Kuifengzhou Ecological
Conservation Zone, the Fangeun Golf Course and smaller parkings and tree-lined streets.
Planting area in the north of the Longxi District
1)Extent of the Planting Area
Around the site of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is the Nan Hamlet of Haibei Village and
Fengchi Hamlet of Longxi Village, a part of the planting area. The whole area includes Haibei,
Longxi and Zengjiao Villages. Its area is 930.7 ha (Figure 2-2). The "P" on the map is the site of
Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot.
2)Population and Human Health
In 1997, the three main administrate villages in the conservation zone(Haibei, Longxi and
Zengjiao) had a population of 19,802. Among these, 10,432 were permanent residents, and the
other 9,370 were transients. Nan Hamlet of Haibei, north of the site, had a population of 1,336,of
which 545 (143 families) were resident and 791 were transient. .Fengchi Hamlet of Longxi, west
of the facility, had a population of 1,929 including 1211 residents (248 families) and 718 transient
(Table 2- 1 ).
The people who live near the maintenance are considered generally healthy. According to the
statistics of the Longxi and Haibei Clinics, diseases of the respiratory system, such as colds,
pulmonary tuberculosis, trachaeitis and rhinitis makes up 20.5% of the illnesses. Other recorded
illnesses include: diseases of the alimentary system (15%), diseases of the circulatory system
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
(7.2%) and disease of trauma and surgery (5%). There are no diseases considered endemic to the
region.
3)Present Land Use
The planting area in the north part of the Longxi sub-district is 930.7 ha. The total area of the
three villages is 840.5 ha. Haibei is 310 ha, Longxi is 276.8 ha, and Zengjiao is 253.7 ha. The
conservation zone also includes 70.2 ha of Haizhong and 20.1 ha of Hainan (Table 2- 1).
The site of the project, within the planting area in the north part of the Longxi sub-district, is
currently planted as dish gardens. The present land use is as follows: transportation is 42.8 ha
(4.6% of the total area); buildings make-up 182.6 ha (19.6%); greenspace is 533.76 ha (57.4%).
Within the greenspace, vegetable and fruit comprise 271.6 ha (29.1 %); flower and dish gardens is
262.62 ha (28.2%); recreation and sports (Fangcun Golf Course) is 73.1 ha (7.8%); water is 68.1
ha (7.3%); other use is 3.56 ha (0.4%); and undeveloped land is 26.8 ha (2.9%) (Table 2-2).
4) Income
The income of the companies managed by village committee was investigated. In 1997, revenue
of Haibei, Longxi and Zengjiao was 96,700,000 RMB. In decreasing order of importance industry
and merchandise represented 37.2%; vegetable production made up 34.1%; flowers 26.4%; and
pond fish 2.3% (Table 2-1).
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Table 0-1 Population, Area & Income of Planting Area in the North Part of the Longxi sub-
district (1997)
Village     Hamlet      Direction &     Number             Population            Area
Distance From      of                                     (ha)
Site        Families
Residents  Transient  Total           Vegetabi  Flow
e
Haibei  Nancun   north 300m          143       545        791       1336    310.00   1200        1000
Shihu     north-east 800m    128      442        510       952
Donglian  north 1000m       238       887        1133      2020
Xipu      north-west        463       1716       2586      4302
Total     north-west 500m    972      3590       5020      8610
Panlong   west 1300m        103       503        200       703      276076  1000        700
Longxi  Nanbian   west 1500m         90        418        244       662
Dasha     west 2000m        158       732        430       1162
Shaxi     west 17oom        247       1086       748       1834
Total     west 1800m        846       3950       2340      6290
Zengiia  Zengjiao   north-east 1300m   818     2892       2010      4902    253074  1100         850
0
Total    north-east        818        2892      2010       4902
Total              round             2636      10432      9370      19802   840.50   3300       255C
0   North of Haizhong   south-west lOOOm  -         -         -         -        70.20
t
h
e
r
North of Hainan    south-east 1200m                                          20.08
Total Area                                                                         930.72              =
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-2 Land Use of planting area in the north part of the Longxi sub-district
Class             Number   Name                               Present in 1997
ha
Transportation     I           Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot   2.63      0.28
2         Outside Road                     26.45     2.84
3         Inside Road                      14.80     1.59
4         Traffic Utility                  1.53      0.17
(Total)                                   (45.41)   (4.88)
Buildings          5         Residential                      6.70      0.72
6         Village Construction             127.78    13.73
7         Commercial                       4.92      0.53
8         Industrial                       40.31     4.33
9         Research, Education, Medicine    2.89      0.31
(Total)                                   (182.60)  (19.62)
10      J Flower Farming                  259.99    27.94
11        Vegetable & Fruit Planting      271.14    29.13
(Total)                                   (531.13)  (57.07)
Entertainment &    12        Fangcun Golf Course             (73.09)   (7.85)
Sports
Water              13        Fish Pond                        36.48     3.92
14                          Pond                             31.66      3.40
(Total)                                   (68.14)   (7.32)
Special            15        Others                          (3.56)    (0.38)
Unused             16        Barren Land                      (26.79)   (2.88)
Total                                                         930.72    100
Sensitive Receptors
(1) Sensitive receptors nearest the project
a. The first row of buildings on Nancun Road
These are 15 m from the north edge of the proposed facility and include 7 5-story-buildings and 5
4-story-builgings. The flats are currently empty now. If all the flats were occupied, there would
be 50 families and 250 persons as totalC figure 2-3
b. The first row of buildings on Fengchi Road
These are 30 m away from the west edge of the proposed facility and include 7 5-story-
buildingsCfigure 2-41, 4 4-story-buildings and 2 2-story-buildings. All of the flats are currently
vacant. These could accommodate 50 families (288 people).
(2) Sensitive receptors within 500m of the project
Fengchi Elementary School is 100 m away from the proposed maintenance depot, 60m behind the
first row buildings on Fengchi Road. There are 150 pupils and 5 teachers in this school. Fengchi
Kindergarten is 200 m from the east edge of the proposed facility. There are 80 pupils and 5
teachers. Fengchi Clinic is 180m from the proposed facility and is operated by two doctors (Table
2-3).
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-3 Location of Sensitive Receptors in the North of Longxi sub-district
Village  Facility                Area(M2)   Number  Distance from project (m)i
Longxi  Fengchi primary school    5000       155       100 to the west
Fengchi Kindergarten     300        85        200 to the west
Fengchi clinic           55         2         180 to the west
Haibei  Haibei primary school     7000       590      500 to the north-east
Haibei clinic            660        20        500 to the north
Present Use of the Site of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot
The land for the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot has already been acquired. The land makes up
0.28% of the total planting area of the region. The site of the maintenance facility is an empty lot.
It is temporarily on loan to the Molin Gardening Farm. The flower planting yard is 2.63 ha. There
are over 400,000 plants which are planted in dishes and plastic bags . Only 5 large dish gardens
are planted in the ground . The Molin Gardening Farm has already relocated to another location
in the area.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Project Description
Overview of the Project
Features of the Project
The Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is an important part of the public transportation sub-project
of Guangzhou City Centre Transport Project. It is planned according to the loan of World Bank
by the Guangzhou Municipal Government. The cost of the project is 89,200,000 RMB half of
which is funded by the World Bank.
Site and Scale of the Facility
The project is located on Longxi Road in Haibei village, Fangcun District, Guangzhou City. The
city has requisitioned 32 151 m2 area of land. The road area is 4 743 M2. The area for construction
is 27 408 M2. The total floor area is 40 143m2, and includes maintenance workshop, auxiliary
workshop, material warehouse, detection workshop, dangerous goods warehouse, cleaning
workshop, refueling station and multi-purpose building. The mechanical equipment of the
maintenance workshop is designed to serve a fleet of up to 800 vehicles, including related
equipment and having 20 engine pits. The maintenance depot will supply the first, second and
third class of maintenance and repair for the buses in southwest Guangzhou. The 3-story garage
can accommodate 232 buses at night. During the day it will also parking private cars. The
refueling station and cleaning workshop can fill and clean automobiles. The general arrangement
layout in detailed on Figure 3-1. The area of requisitioned land, area required for construction,
structure and greenspace is presented in Table 3-1. The status and function of each unit of the
buildings is identified in Table 3-2.
Table 0-1 Area Requirements
Name                                     Area
Requisitioned land                          32151 m2
Road                                   4 743 M2
Construction Space                          27 408 M2
Area of structure                          40 143 M2
First floor-area ratio                        42.7%
Floor-space index (F.S.I)                        1.46
Green                                   8195 m2
Greenspace ratio                             30%
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-2 Status and function of each unit of the buildings
Name of building                          Function                 Structure
Area (i2)
Multi-purpose building   Ist floor       engine test cell, pan  and  engine  10 871
repairing, material warehouse, dynamo
house, and switching house
2nd floor         kitchen, dining room and meeting room
3rd and 4th floor  offices and auxiliary rooms
5t_--7th floor    dormitory
Maintenance workshop   I st floor        engine pits and warehouse           13 225
2nd and 3rd floor    installation kit repairing and material
warehouse
4th floor         installation kit house, activity room and
bath room
Garage               I floor            parkinging double-buses              15 610
2nd 3rd and the roof  parkinging buses
Refueling station     1't floor          filling, 2 40 diesel oil greasers & 2 490  213
lead free gasoline greasers
Cleaning workshop     ISt floor          automobile washing                   120
Dangerous      goods  I' floor           store dangerous goods               54
warehouse
Gate                                    three gates for entering and departure    50
Components of the Project
I)Supplying maintenance facility and equipment and night parkinging area for buses.
2)Supplying maintenance not only for city buses, but also I't, 2nd, and 3rd class maintenance for up
to 620 automobiles.
The kilometer separation of each class of maintenance is:
l5t class maintenance: 3 OOOkm
2nd class maintenance: 15 OOOkm
3rd class maintenance: 75 OOOkm
3)Capability of maintenance. Assuming 90% dispatching percentage of 620 automobiles and
35,640,000km road haul a year, the calculated amount of maintenance of each class is as follows
(assuming 300 work days/year):
ISt class maintenance: 11 880 vehicles/year or 39.6 vehicles/day
2nd class maintenance: 2 370 vehicles/year or 7.9 vehicles/day
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
3rd class maintenance: 480 vehicles/year or 1.6 vehicles/day
4)The requirement for 20 engine pits was based on an allocation as follows:
1" class maintenance and temporary maintenance: 8 engine pits
2nd class maintenance: 8 engine pits
3rd class maintenance: 2 engine pits
Reservation: 2 engine pits
5)Parkinging 232 automobiles (parkinging buses at night and private cars in daylight).
6)Staff. The design assumed one automobile per worker (620 persons). Some staff are two-shift
or three-shift operation.
Technical Analysis of the Construction Project
General layout
The access road for vehicles using the facility is Longxi Road, 140m south-west of the project
(Figure 3-2). The main entrance is the on the west side of the property and is 30m wide. The main
exit is on the south of the project. There is also an emergency exit.
The main buildings (the maintenance workshop and the multi-purpose building) are located on
the south-east side of the site. The four-storied maintenance workshop will run from west to east
and the seven-storied multi-purpose building will be oriented north to south. The maintenance
workshop and the multi-purpose building are connected together through the second and third
story.
The parkinging garage is in the northwest of the project. The main entrance faces the center of
the project. The refueling station is in the south-west of the site and near the main entrance.
Water Supply and Drainage
Water Supply System
Water supply of the facility will be a DN150 pipe linked with the municipal water network. A
general DN150 water meter will be installed. There are two options to supply water. One is via a
direct supply to the multi-purpose building and the 1S, 2nd and 3rd floor of maintenance workshop.
The other is linking the pipe to an impounding basin on the Ist floor of the multi-purpose building
and then supplying water by way of a compressed water pump and water tank. The pump house is
also located on the 1" floor of the multi-purpose building. There are two pumps; one for everyday
use and the other is in reserve. The designed daily maximum amount of water supply is 398m3.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Drainage System
The drainage of the maintenance facility is a separate system. Rain from the roof is discharged
through indoor channels. Around the depot, there are storm drains. Rain is collected and drained
to the municipal system. Sewage from the multi-purpose building and maintenance workshop will
be treated and then drained to the sewage system of the maintenance facility. Wastewater from
the kitchen of the multi-purpose building, cleaning workshop, refueling station and other
wastewater of maintenance and cleaning will enter its own separation tank. Wastewater will be
drained to the drainage system of the maintenance facility after passing through a floatation
separation chamber. Finally it will enter the municipal drainage system. The total amount of
drainage is 338m3/d.
Fire Control System
A fire control system is set up in the multi-purpose building, maintenance workshop and garage.
The garage is also has an automatic spray system and each fire control sub-zone is set up with a
fire resistant rolling shutter. There is 18m3 of water stored in the water tanks on the roof of the
maintenance workshop and multi-purpose building for fire control. These can supply 10-minutes
of water for the fire hydrants. The pump house of the garage has a fire control supply basin. The
total amount of reserved water is 288m3. It can supply fire control water to the indoor fire control
system for 2 hours and for the automatic spray pump system for 1 hour. In order to ensure the
pressure of water for the system on the top floor of multi-purpose building and maintenance
workshop, an air pressure system is set up in the pump house . The water supply to the indoor fire
system is 40 lFs and the spray system is 30 1/s.
Power Supply System
The power supply system of Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is designed as a 2nd class demand
load. The predicted demand is 1086kw. A 10kv wire is linked to the maintenance building from
the municipal power network. An 800KVA SG3 epoxy casting dry-type transformer supplies the
lighting equipment. Another 800KVA SG3 epoxy casting dry-type transformer supplies industrial
power.
A 250KW diesel oil generating set is on the first floor of the multi-purpose building. It is the
emergency supply of the lV class load, fire control equipment, exit lighting and the industrial
power and lighting of some units.
The switching pressure of the power and lighting is 380/220V, belonging to a three-phase and
five-wire system.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Analysis of the Main Pollution Sources
Present Status and Waste Discharge of Buses
At the end of 1997, there were been 4611 buses in service in Guangzhou. Among them, there are
106 trams and 400 rural buses. Gasoline powered buses make up 40% of the total, and the other
60% are diesel powered. In order to increase the benefit and reduce fuel consumption, the Public
Transportation Company have scheduled a rated oil consumption according to the different type
of buses. Energy conservation is encouraged. Tables 3-3 and 3-4 show the types and discharge of
the buses
Table 0-3 Main Types of the Buses
Fuel Type    Model Number of Engine    Cylinder     Rated Fuel      Actual fuel
Capacity    Consumption     Consumption
(ml)       (1/100km)        (11100km)
Gasoline     CA1OC(JIEFANG)             5550       30.5             29.9
CA6102Q(JIEFANG)          5560
EQ6102Q(DONGFENG)         5420
Diesel       CY6102BQ(CHAOYANG)    5785            23               22.3
6BT5.9(CNMMIS)            5880
Table 0-4 Status of Waste Gas Discharge of Buses
Type              Standard of Discharge      Type        Actual Monitoring Value
CO    Hydrocarbon (ppm)               CO       Hydrocarbon
(%)                                   (%)      (ppm)
Gasoline    new   4.5    1200                Gasoline   .1.21-2.0  300-600
old   5.0    1800
Diesel            4.5-5Z-FSNI-               Diesel     2-3 7 FSN:O
Note: New means buses bought after July Ist 1997 and old means buses bought before that.
From the two tables we can find that the type of the buses in Guangzhou is simple. The main
model numbers of the gasoline are GZ644 and GZK6944, and those of the diesel oil are
GZK6100A. It is easy to maintain and change installation kits. The status of maintenance is good.
The pass rate of waste discharge is 98% in 1997 according to the actual monitoring data.
Analysis of Main Air Pollution Sources
The air emission from the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is mainly from four sources: vehicle
emissions; the emergency diesel oil generating set, the engine test bench; and the dining-room.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmenta/ Impact Assessment
I)Vehicle emissions
The Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot has a 4-story garage with 232 parking spaces. The main
pollutant of the exhaust is NO,, CO, HC and smoke. The emissions will change with the type and
the speed of the automobile. In the Guangzhou City Centre Inner Ring Road Project EMJ prepared
by the Guangzhou Environmental Scientific Research Institute, factors of tail gas have been
researched. Using the modified MOBILESA model, the integral discharge factors of heavy duty
gasoline vehicles (HDGV) and heavy duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) in the year 2000 in
Guangzhou. The selected speeds are 30km/h, 10km/h, 5km/h and idle (Table 3-8).
Table 0-5 Integral discharge factors of heavy gasoline automobiles and heavy diesel oil automobiles
in 2000 in Guangzhou
Speed         Heavy duty gasoline vehicle          Heavy duty diesel vehicle
HC         CO          NOx         HC          CO         NO,,
30km/h     12.72       81.25       6.28       2.47        7.15        12.82
(g/kr)
lOkm/h     26.85       195.28      5.59       4.27        16.10       18.69
(g/kn)
5km/h      37.76       256.35      5.41       4.99        20.60       21.24
(g/kmn)
Idle       1.34        9.5         0.01        0.30       0.50        0.33
(g/min.)    I
If the speed of parking is 5km/h and idle speed time is 5 min., the daily discharge is HC 10.04kg,
CO 61.67kg, NO,, 6.47kg. At these rates, the predicted annual discharge is 3664.68kg,
22511.33kg, 2361.92kg respectfully. Assuming the peak traffic flow of buses 116 buses/hour, the
predicted discharge of emissions is HC 0.348g/s, CO 2.19g/s, NO,, 0.23g/s.
2) Emissions from the back-up diesel oil generating set
A 250KW diesel oil generating set is proposed for use as an emergency power supply. The model
has not yet been determined. The Cummins C280 of NT series made in the US is used as an
example. Its continuos rating power is 255KW/318KVA. The fuel consumption of the set is
64kg/h. If the run time is once a week, for four hours (double return circuit), the fuel consumption
is 256kg, or 11 tonne/year. The generator uses #0 diesel oil that is low in sulphur content and can
be completely combusted, the smell and color of the emissions measure up to 0-1 class standard
of Ringleman Index. According to the related formulas in Environmental Statistics Guide Book,
the amount of emissions from this kind of diesel oil generating set is: SO2 - 2.69kg/d; NOx -
2.3 lkg/d;CO - 0.06kg/d; and HC - 0.06kg/d. The predicted annual discharge for each parameter
respectively is: 115.6kg, 99.5kg, 2.7kg, 2.7kg. When the generating set is operating, the
emissions are S02 - 0.179g/s; NOx - 0.154g/s; CO - 0.004g/s; and HC - 0.004g/s.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
3) Emissions from the dining room
The Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot has 620 staff. The dining-room is on the 2nd floor of the
multi-purpose building. The dining-room will supply two meals a day utilizing 11 propane stoves
for 6 hours a day. Daily fuel consumption is 264m3 and the annual is 79200 m3. The predicted
emissions are: SO2 - 0.166 kg/d; NO,, - 0.487 kg/d; CO - 0.002 kg/d. The annual totals are: 49.9
kg, 145.98 kg, 0.5 kg respectively. The emissions are discharged at a height of 31.70m from a
stack 2 - 3 m higher than the roof of the multi-purpose building. The discharge pipe is in a
dedicated flue. The rate of emissions is: S02 - 0.0076 g/s; NO,, - 0.0225 g/s; CO - 0.001 g/s.
According to the above calculation, the predicted total emissions are: S02 - 165.5 kg/a; NO,, -
2607.4 kg/a; CO - 22514.5 kg/a; and HC - 3667.4 kg/a.
Analysis of the Main Water Pollutant Discharges
The sources of wastewater discharges from the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot are as follows:
1)  Wastewater from the cleaning workshop from the washing of vehicles;
2)  Cleaning water from the maintenance workshop;
3)  Wash water from the refueling station;
4)  Wastewater from the offices; and,
5)  Wastewater from the dining-room.
According to SF 1989 File No.69, Guangzhou Management Measures of Waste Water
Centralized Processing, and other files on construction, it is predicted that the total amount of
drainage of this project is 338.4m3/d.
Table 0-6 Estimates of wastewater discharge from the Project
No.    Function/Zone        Scale             Accounting Coefficient      Amount
(mI)
1      cleaning workshop    80 vehicles/day  1 .Om3 / vehicle             80.0
2       maintenance         13225m2           0.01m3 /M2 Lid               132.3
workshop
3       refueling station  213m2             0.02m3/m2 ljd                4.3
4       office building     620 persons       0.05m3 /person/day          31.0
5       dormitory           180 persons      0.16m3 /person/day           28.8
6       dining-room         620 persons       0.05m3 /person/meal         62.0
Total                                                                     338.4
According to the same kind of wastewater in Guangzhou and related files, the predicted discharge is
detailed in Table 3-6.
According to Guangzhou Management Measure of Waste Water Centralized Processing and
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
(BD4437-90) Guangzhou Discharge Standards, the wastewater of the project must be pre-treated
to remove the petroleum and plant or animal oils. Then it can be discharged into the municipal
system. After secondary biochemical treatment in the treatment facility, it will be discharged into
Huadi Ditch and then into Pingzhou waterway. The wastewater from the vehicle washing,
refueling station and dining-room should be pretreated through passing through a floatation
separation tank. Sewage should be treated by 3rd septic tank. Through pretreatment, 30% of
CODcr and 20% of BOD5 can be removed from the wastewater. The content of SS, petroleum and
plant or animal oil also meets the standard. The predicted concentration of the wastewater at the
discharge point from the facility is presented in Table 3-7.
Construction of the Xilang Wastewater Treatment Facility is imminent. In the event that this
facility is not complete prior to the completion of the Maintenance Facility, a dedicated on-site
treatment facility will be built to meet the same standards as the Xilang facility. This facility has
been costed and incorporated into the design of the project (Appendix 2). If, as expected, the
Xilang facility is operating this component of the project will be dropped.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-7 Quality and Amount of Wastewater from the Project
name    discharge  CODcr          BOD,           SS             petroleum      plant     or
(m3/d)                                                               animal oil
class
conc.  kg/d   conc.  kg/d   conc.  kg/d   conc.  kg/d   conc.  kg/d
mg/l          mg/l           mg/l           mg/l           mg/l
cleaning      80.0      250    20.00  80       6.40    150    12.00  20      1.60
workshop                                     C
maintenance    132.3    300    39.70  100    13.20  200    26.40   150    19.80  -
workshopIII
refuieling    4.3        100    0.43   50      0.21    150    0.64   30     0.13   -
station
everyday      59.8      250    14.95  150    8.97    120    7.18   -        -       -      -
wastewater
dining-room    62.0     400    24.80  250    15.50  200    12.40                    150    9.3
standard   of -         500    -       300    -       400    -       5              10     -
discharge
Table 0-8 Quality and Amount of the Waste Water after Pretreatment
discharge   CODc,         BOD5           SS             petroleum      plant    or
(m3/d)                                                                 animal oil
conc.  kg/d   conc  kg/d    conc   kg/d   conc.  kg/d   conc  kg/d
mg/I          mg/l           mg/l           mg/l           .mg/
I
standard               500            300            400           5               10
discharge   338.4      207    69.92  105   35.42   70       23.69  3.2    1.08   1.83   0.62
to outside
Source of Noise
During construction, noise is from the construction equipment is in the range of
86-112dB(A).During operation, noise is mainly from the buses, dynamo house, compressor
plant, and machines in the maintenance workshop. The range in noise levels from these sources
are: diesel generating set 105-l lOdB(A), compressor 75-85dB(A), machines 80-9OdB(A), buses
79-82dB(A).
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Solid Waste
The solid waste of this project includes generated solid waste and general rubbish. Produced solid
waste is expected to be 0.49 tonne/day and 147.3 tonne/year. This is based on the assumption that
solid waste for each vehicle is 10kg and the facility works on 49.1 vehicles/day. General rubbish
0.3 Itonne/day and 93tonne/year, assuming that each staff generates 0.5kg/day.
Analysis of Risks Associated With the Refueling Station
Function and Scale of Refueling station
The gas station of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot has been designed for the facility. It has
four underground storage tanks. The total storage is 1 00tonnes. Half of the storage is gasoline and
half is diesel. Automatic meters will be installed. The station can serve for four automobiles at the
same time.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Oil
I )Gasoline
Gasoline is a flammable liquid. It is achromatic or light yellow, has a special odor and is volatile.
Its relative density is 0.8; its boiling point 37.8°C; relative density of evaporation is 3.0. It is
immiscible in water. Flash point is -43°C-23°C. Self-ignition point is 280. Explosion range is
1.4%-7.6%. It is considered toxic. Gasoline is a middle to low flash point, flammable liquid
dangerous good. It belongs to the I' class of the 1st item among the state specified dangerous
goods.
2)Diesel Oil
It is light yellow, transparent liquid. It has special odor. It is immiscible in water. It is flammable
liquid and it may burn when contacts heat, fire or powerful oxidizer. Relative density is 0.8-1.0,
lighter than water. Flash point is higher than 50. The pour point is lower than -5. 10% raffinate
contains residue carbon lower than 0.15%. Sulphur content is 300-500ppm. Nitrogen content is
10-100ppm..
The hazard analysis of the soil and underground water
There are two kinds of potential accidental fuel leaks at the refueling station: a surface leak and
an underground leak. Surface leaks include leaks from fuel vehicles, oil pumps, crash of vehicle,
and failure of the refueling equipment. Underground leak could result from chemical corrosion of
the underground fuel tank and/or fuel pipe, break of the pipe, and leaks caused by the weight of
passing vehicles
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The concrete surface of the refueling station and the collecting ditch will prevent leaks from
polluting the soil and groundwater. Underground leaks could pollute soil and groundwater
directly.
There are many measures to prevent leaks of the fuel such as impermeable sewer, impermeable
wall. Clay layers can also prevent the spread of fuel. For example, the basic permeability constant
of the clay for slopes 0-3% is 7.06x104 - 14.1 xlO4cm/s and it can be further reduced by 50%
after compression. The fuel capacity of the station is 100 tonne. To back fill the area surrounding
the underground tank with clay is an effective mitigation measure. The tank will be equipped
with cathodic protection to prevent corrosion and will be routinely tested to monitor against
leakage.
Air Quality
Monitoring and assessment of existing conditions
Monitoring program
Objectives
The objectives of monitoring are to determine the main air pollution problems and to document
the air quality of the study area and its surroundings before the construction of Longxi Bus
Maintenance Depot.
Scope of monitoring and the location of the monitoring points
The scope of monitoring is the area within approximately 0.5 km of the Longxi bus maintenance
depot. The location of the monitoring points is listed in Table 4-1 and shown in Figure 4- 1.
Table 0-1 Location of the Monitoring Stations
Code            Location            Distance from the   condition of the surroundings
construction ground
within the grounds         in it               plants now, residents building in
the west and north, petrol station
and Longxi road in the south
2      in the Haibei village       650m to north-west   on the road of the village, very
little traffic
3      in the Lianshengyuan farm   300m to east       150m to the south is the Longxi
Iroad
4      in the west of the Fengchi 400m to west        30m to the south is the Longxi
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
village                                        road
5      in the Naiyuan farm south of 500m to south     350m to the north is the Longxi
Longxi road                                    road
Monitoring schedule and pollutants
The monitoring program was performed over the five days from February 7,1998 to February
12,1998.
The main pollutants of vehicle emissions, NOx, NMHC, CO, SO2, and Total Suspended
Particulate matter (TSP), were monitored in the program.
The monitoring frequency is shown in the following table:
Table 0-2 Frequency of Air Quality Monitoring
Items    7:00     10:00    14:00    18:00                   Note
NOx          4        4        a        4     Sampling for 45min continuously
NMHC                                          Instantaneously sampling
CO          4        4         4       4      Instantaneously sampling
S02                                           Sampling for 45mm continuously
TSP       12:00am to 12:00am next day         Sampling for 24 hours continuously
Analytical methods
The sampling and analysis methods are based on the national standard: Standard of the Ambient
Air Quality (GB3095-1996). See table 4-3
Table 0-3 Sampling and analysis methods
Items        Sampling        sampling method      analysis method    Limit (mg/m3)
equipment
NOx       Air sampling GC    Impinger   solution  Saltzman                 0.01
absorption
NMHC    1OOml injector        Sampling directly  Gas chromatography        0.01
CO        Ball                Sampling directly  NDIR                      0.03
SO2       Air sampling GC    Impinger   solution  Spectrophotometry       0.010
absorption
TSP       High       volume  Filter membrane     Gravimetric weighing     0.001
KITO(Japan)
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Assessment of the current air quality
Air Quality Standards
The standards are the national standards (GB3095-1996), second class because of the nature of
the site. See Table 4-4. The standard of the NMHC refers to the former standard of USA because
there is not such standard in China. In the USA, the standard has been repealed and replaced by
standards for individual, rather than total, hydrocarbons, however the former standard is a useful
criterion for the presence of such compounds in the air.
Table 0-4 Air pollution standards and criteria
Pollutants      Type                    Limited concentration                 note
First class  Second class    Third class   mg/Nm3
NMHC refers
to  the  old
standard   in
USA
SO2         annual average        0.02           0.06           0.10
dailf average        0.05           0.15           0.25
hourly average       0.15           0.50           0.70
TSP         annual average        0.08           0.20           0.30
daily average        0.12           0.30           0.50
NOx         annual average        0.05           0.05           0.10
daily average        0.10           0.10           0.15
hourly average       0.15           0.15           0.30
CO          daily average         4.00           4.00           6.00
hourly average       10.00          10.00          20.00
NMHC        Max.       from       0.16           0.16           0.16
6:00am-9:OOam
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Monitoring results
Hourly average concentration
The monitoring results of the hourly average concentration of NOx, CO, S02, NMHC are shown
Table 4-5. It is concluded that
*  hourly average concentration of CO, SO2 meets the standards,
*  NOx at all of the monitoring points exceeds the standard,
*  the exceedance rate of the NOx standard is greatest at 57.89% at the fourth monitoring site,
*  NMHC exceeds the criterion at all monitoring sites by the highest factors.
*  the hourly average concentration of the NOx, CO, and SO2 were relatively consistent from
day to day, and
the concentration of NMHC showed large variation during the day, with two peak periods at 7:00am
and 6:00pm.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-5 Hourly average pollutant concentrations
item       Monitoring points        Range of results   average   Exceedance  Exceedance
mg/Nm3          mg/Nm3       rate%        Factor
1# project site              0.056 - 0.271       0.181       52.63         1.81
NOx                                                   _  _  _  __                _  _  _
2# Haibei village             0.064 - 0.172      0.114       15.79         1.15
3# Liangshengyuan farm        0.065 - 0.191      0.127       31.58         1.27
4# Fengchi village            0.078 - 0.35       0.182       57.89         2.33
5# Naiyuan farm               0.052 - 0.210      0.140       10.53         1.4
1# project site               0.68 - 4.52        1.822         0            0
co
2# Haibei village              0.38 - 4.52       1.762         0            0
3# Liangshengyuan farm         0.53 - 3.76       1.690         0            0
4# Fengchi village             0.38 - 4.14       1.705         0            0
5# Naiyuan farm                0.15 - 3.76       1.346         0            0
1# project site              0.003 - 0.165       0.078         0            0
S02                                                              _  _  _  _
2# Haibei village             0.003 - 0.176      0.077         0            0
I______  311 Liangshengyuan farmn      0.007 - 0.213      0.079         0            0
4# Fengchi village            0.007 - 0.210      0.089         0            0
_______  5# Naiyuan farm               0.003 - 0.215      0.080         0            0
l# project site           Not detectable - 2.39  0.427       57.89        14.94
NMHC
2# Haibei village         Not detectable - 1.8   0.356       52.63        11.25
3# Liangshengyuan farm     Not detectable - 0.8  0.252       52.63         5.00
4# Fengchi village         Not detectable - 1.6    0.207     36.84        10.00
5# Naiyuan farm           Not detectable - 1.69    0.169     31.58        10.56
Daily Monitoring results
The monitoring results of the daily average concentration of NOx, CO, S02 and TSP are shown
Table 4-6. From the results it is observed that
*  the daily average concentration of CO and SO2 meets the standard (the second class), and are
close to meeting the first class,
*  TSP measurements meet the assessment standard,
*  NOx exceeds the standard very seriously, the third and fourth sites exceeding the standard at
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
all times.
Table 0-6 Daily average pollutant concentrations
Pollutant     Monitoring points     Range of results    Average    Exceedance   Exceedance
(mg/Nm3)     (mg/Nm3)    rate(%)       Factor*
NOx      1# project site           0.074-0.496      0.158         80          1.96
2# Haibei village         0.082-0.143      0.114         80          1.43
3# Liangshengyuan farm    0.110-0.163      0.129        100          1.63
4# Fengchi village        0.126-0.229      0.182        100          2.29
5# Naiyuan farm           0.089-0.128      0.112        60           1.28
CO      1# project site             0.85-2.56       1.77         0            0
2# Haibei village          0.63-2.29        1.70         0            0
3# Liangshengyuan farm     0.95-2.28        1.65         0            0
4# Fengchi village         0.68-2.60        1.65         0            0
5# Naiyuan farm            0.57-2.45        1.31         0            0
S02     1# project site            0.028-0.133      0.075         0           0
2# Haibei village         0.019-0.137      0.074         0            0
3# Liangshengyuan farm    0.022-0.139      0.077         0            0
4# Fengchi village        0.035-0.157      0.087         0            0
5# Naiyuan farm           0.019-0.110      0.077         0            0
TSP     1# project site                    0.287                  0            0
2# Haibei village                  0.248                 0            0
3# Liangshengyuan farm             0.158                 0            0
4# Fengchi village                 0.177                 0            0
5# Naiyuan farm                    0.121                 0            0
Potential Health Impact of the Pollutants
The results show that concentration of CO, TSP, SO2 on the project site and its surroundings meet
the standard, and that the concentrations of NOx and NMHC exceeds the standards and criteria.
This means that the assessment area shows air pollution from vehicle emissions. In addition, the
Guangzhou steel plant, Guangzhou ship manufacturers, and other industries are concentrated
within 5 - 6 km southeast of the project.
Nitrogen oxides
There are five kinds of nitrogen oxides which are included in NOx, but NO and NO2 are the
dominant gaseous species found in the environment. It is difficult to monitor the individual
pollutants, and it is also difficult to obtain emissions information for individual oxides, so the
Chinese standard was based on NOx until 1996 when an additional standard for NO2 was
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
introduced. A monitoring program near the main road in December1995 showed that the rate of
NO:NO2 is 4.07. The NOx emissions from combustion sources, including vehicles is generally
composed of 10 to 30% NO2, and the remainder is NO, although some older heavy diesel engines
may emit 50% NO2.
The human health impact of NO is small compared to that of NO2. The maximum monitoring
concentration of NOx in Fengchi village is 0.35 mg/m3, so the maximum NO2 concentration
around the construction project site is of the order of 0.10 mg/m3.
Summary of Current Air Quality
Of the five monitored parameters, concentrations of SO2, CO, and TSP meet the standard. Those
of the other two pollutants (NMHC, NOx) exceed the standard and criterion.
The rate and the frequency of criterion exceedance are highest for NMHC. This criterion is based
on a former standard of the USA. The rate and the frequency of standard exceedance are second
highest for NOx, which is close to the third class standard. These two pollutants are the those
most likely to result from motor vehicle exhaust pollution.
The maximum monitoring hourly concentration of NOx is 0.35mg/m3. The exceedance rate is
10.53-57.89% over the NOx standard; 31.58-57.89% over the criterion for NMHC.
Air Impact Assessment
Prediction items and assessment standard
The emission exhaust from the diesel generators and the staff cafeteria is emitted on the top of the
seven-story building so it is treated as an elevated source in Chinese standard modelling practice.
The vehicle emissions from the parking area is regarded as an area pollution source.
The main air pollutants are SO2, NOx, CO and NMHC. The pollution source is the strongest
when the generators and the cafeteria work together, and when there is a maximum number of
vehicles idling in the parking area.
Table 0-7 Air pollution source strengths mg/s
Type                    SO2            NOx              CO            NMHC
Elevated source         176.6          176.5            4.1            4.0
Area source                             230            2140            384
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Atmospheric Dispersion Model
For the elevated source, the Gaussian distribution model was used to calculate the ground
concentration of pollution. For wind speed greater than 1.5m/s, the hourly ground concentration
of pollution, C, was calculated as:
Q        ( __2 )H2>
2 7U,ay- ezxP(-        2       a2.xp -2e2
where:
Q is the emission rate,
U is the wind speed,
y is the downwind distance,
H is the effective stack height (physical height plus plume rise), and
6 is a parameter of the downwind distance and stability of the atmosphere.
When the wind speed is less than 1.5m/s, the hourly ground concentration of pollution is
calculated as the following formula:
2Q      xex        - UT)2   1        2exPH y2c (H2)
An area source is treated as a virtual point source. It is assumed that the area source is equivalent
to a point source located farther upwind a calculated distance, such that the plume from the point
source reaches the dimensions of the area source at that distance. This can be simulated by
adding an initial dispersion parameter (6xo, ayo) to the Gaussian distribution model:
ay = 0ry (X + Xy ) f- az = C: (X + Xz ) j 6yo, azo can define the Xy and Xz. L/4.3 and
H/2.5 can define the ayo, azo . L is the length of the area sourceLlL=lOOm D. H is the average
height of the area source(H=1 Om).
Atmospheric dispersion parameters
The air dispersion parameter is calculated according to the recommended data of the national
standard (HJ/T2.2-93). See table 4-8 and table 4-9.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-8 Dispersion parameters for windy conditions
Parameter      stability           Dispersion formula           distance downwind m
65          unsteady            0.281846X° 9 '4370                  0-1000
y
0.396353X° 865014                   1000
normal             0.22950X0919325                     0-1000
0.3 14238X0 .75..6                  1000
steady             0.143940X0926849                   0-1000
0.189396X0886940                    1000
unsteady               0.127 190X09435                     0-500
0.057025X 1.93560                   500
nornal             0.1 14682X-941115                   0-500
0.0757182X 11771                     500
steady             0.126152X0 838628                  0-2000
0.23 5667X 7564X0                2000-10000
0.136659XO.815575                  10000
Table 0-9 Dispersion parameters for light winds
stability          _     _   _ _ _    _
unsteady                       0.76T                          0.47T
normal                         0.55T                         0.21T
steady                        0.47T                          0.12T
Index of wind speed
The wind speed index with height is shown in Table 4-10, and refers to the lower 300 m of
atmosphere in Guangzhou.
Table 0-10 Wind profile parameters for different degree of stability
Degree of stability              Unstable               Neutral               Stable
Wind profile exponent              0.15                   0.27                0.30
Plume rise formulas
Plume rise is the additional height of pollutant release caused by the combined momentum and
thermal buoyancy in the exhaust gas. The national standard plume rise formulas (HJ/T2.2-93)
were used.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Dispersion Modelling Results
The emissions from the Longxi Depot will be periodic in nature. The generator only operates on
an emergency basis, and the bus emissions are at maximum only at the beginning and end of their
working day. This assessment was conducted on a worst-case basis by analyzing the one-hour
worst case impact of the combined sources.
Prediction of impact on the air quality from the elevated source
The maximum emission of S02 and NOx of the elevated source is showed in table 4-11, table 4-
12. Under strong wind conditions, the maximum ground concentration occurs 270-640 m from
the site. When wind is light, the maximum ground concentration occurs within 220 m of the site.
When it is stable, and wind blows, the maximum ground concentration of SO2and NOx are 0.012
mg/m3 and 0.009 mg/m3, which are 2.4% and 6.0% of the assessment standards. The maximum
ground level concentration impacts is concluded to be minor.
Prediction of impact on air environment by the vehicle emissions from the parking
garage
The maximum ground level concentrations of CO, NMHC and NOx from the vehicle emissions
in the parking garage are shown in Table 4-13 to Table 4-15.
Under strong winds, the maximum ground concentration occurs between 60-130 m from the site.
When the wind is light, the maximum ground concentration occurs from 110-160 m from the
site. When it is stable and wind blows , the maximum ground concentrations of CO, NOx and
NMHC are 1.917, 0.202 and 0.311 mg/m3, or 19.2%, 134.6% and 194.4% of the assessment
standards.
It is concluded that the idling vehicle population is at a maximum, the emissions have an impact
the immediate surroundings. Concentration of NOx and NMHC are predicted to meet the
standard 150 m and 200 m from the parking, respectively.
Prediction of the combined impacts
The distribution of the NOx ground level concentrations with the elevated source and the area
source are shown in Figure 4-2 under stable conditions and strong winds.
According to the monitoring and prediction result, the background of CO and SO2 on the
assessment area meet the second class standard. Because the prediction CO and SO2of the project
is small, total of the prediction and the background value can still meet the second class standard.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The background value of NOx and NMHC exceeds the standard. Therefore, the result after the
construction of the project will exceed the standard further.
The daily average concentration of NOx and NMHC of the Beihai village was selected as the
background value (NOx:0.114 mg/m3. NMHC:0.356 mg/m3 ), the result of the background
adding with the prediction value is shown in Table 4-16.
Conclusion of air quality assessment
The prediction result of the elevated source shows that the maximum ground concentrations of
NOx and SO2 are 0.009 mg/m3 and 0.012 mg/m3 which are only 6.0% and 2.4% of the standards
when wind blows and it is steady. The distance between the maximum ground concentration and
the project is 270-640 m downwind.
The prediction result shows that the maximum ground concentrations of CO, NOx and NMHC
emitted by the vehicles on the parking are 1.917 mg/m3, 0.202 mg/m3 and 0.311 mg/m3 which are
19.2%, 134.6% and 194.4% of the standards and criterion under the worst dispersion conditions.
The most significant component of NOx, the NO2, can be conservatively estimated to be less
than about 30% of the NOx, or about 0.06 mg/m3, which is less than the NO2 standard of 0.12
mg/mr3. Thus, the predicted worst-case emissions of NO2 will meet the standard.
Beyond 150 m downwind of the project site, the concentration of NOx can meet the standard, and
beyond 200 m downwind, that of NMHC can meet the criterion (0.16 mg/m3). In general, the
possibility for worst-case conditions is considered to be very small.
The background concentrations of CO and SO2 on the assessment area meets the second class
standard. Because the prediction CO and SO2 of the project is small, total of the depot emissions
and the background value will still meet the second class standard.
The background values of NOx and NMHC exceed the standard, however it is likely that the
concentrations of NO2 meet the standard. Combining the background with the worst case
predictions, the concentration of NOx within 200 m downwind will be exceeded, however the
concentration of N02 will remain within the standard. . The NOx concentration of background
and the prediction is 0.214 mg/m3, which is likely to comprise less than 0.062 mg/m3. The daily
average NO2 concentration is estimated to be 0.04 mg/m3, less than the standard.
The background of NMHC exceeds the criterion. Although the prediction of NMHC beyond 100
m of the perimeter can meet the criterion, adding the background will still cause an exceedance
under worst-case conditions.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-11 Ground concentration distribution of SO2 of the elevated source (mg/Nm3)
Stability  U  X_   Cm    50   1 00   200   300   400   500   600    800   1000  1200  1400  1600  1800  2000
Unsteady 3.0 271  0.006  0.000  0.000  0.005  0.006  0.005  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000
1.5 271  0.012  0.000  0.000  0.009  0.012  0.010  0.007  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001
10.5 160 0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
Normal 3.0 348 0.005  0.000  0.000  0.002  0.004  0.005  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000
1.5 348 0.009  0.000  0.000  0.004  0.009  0.009  0.008  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001
0.5 180 0.005  0.004  0.005  0.005  0.004  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
Steady 3.0 635 0.004  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.001  0.003  0.004  0.004  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001
1 .5 635 0.008  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.002  0.005  0.007  0.008  0.007  0.006  0.005  0.004  0.003  0.003  0.002
0.5 220 0.007  0.005  0.006  0.007  0.005  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
U(m/s) wind speed on the ground Xm(m):    distance of the max. ground-level concentration
Cm (mg/Nm3): max. ground level concentration
Table 0-12 ground concentration distribution of NOx of the elevated source (mg/Nm3)
Stability   U  Xm   Cm    50    100   200   300   400   500   600    800   1000   1200  1400  1600  1800  2000
unsteady 3.0 271  0.005  0.000  0.000  0.004  0.005  0.004  0.003  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000
1.5 271  0.010  0.000  0.000  0.008  0.010  0.009  0.006  0.005  0.003  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001
1 0.5 160 0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000 I0.000  0.000 I 0.000  0.000  0.000 I 0.000  0.000
nonnal 3.0 348 0.004  0.000  0.000  0.002  0.003  0.004  0.003  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000
1.5 348 0.008  0.000  0.000  0.003  0.008  0.008  0.007  0.005  0.003  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001
_______ 10.5 180 0.004  0.003  0.004  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
steady 3.0 635 0.003  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.001  0.003  0.003  0.003 |0.003  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001
1.5 635 0.007  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.002  0.004  0.006  0.007  0.006  0.005  0.004  0.003  0.003  0.003  0.002
0.5 1220, 0.006 10.004  0.005  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.002   .          0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000   0.000
U(m/s) wind speed on the ground Xm(m): distance of the max. ground level concentration
Cm (mg/Nm3): max. ground concentration
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-13  Ground concentration distribution of CO of the Parking   (mg/Nm3)
Stability   U  Xm   Cm    50    100   200    300   400    500   600    800  1 000   1200   1400   1600   1800  2000
unsteady  3.0 24  0.929  0.507  0.340  0.161  0.092  0.060  0.042  0.031  0.019  0.013  0.009  0.007  0.006  0.005  0.004
1.5 24  1.858  1.014  0,681  0.322  0.184  0.119  0.083  0.062  0.038  0.026  0.019  0.014  0.011  0.009  0.008
0.5 110 0.012  0.010  0.011  0.011  0.010  0.008  0.005  0.004  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000
normal  3.0  68  0.919  0.530  0.400  0.211  0.127  0.084  0.060  0.045  0.028  0.019  0.014  0.011  0.009  0.007  0.006
1.5 68  1.837  1.060  0.801  0.423  0.254  0.168  0.120  0.090  0.056  0.039  0.028  0.022  0.017  0.014  0.012
0.5 140 0.046  0.037  0.041  0.042  0.034  0.022  0.013  0.009  0.005  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001
steady   3.0  82  0.960  0.525  0.50 1  0.348  0.240  0.174  0.132  0.104  0.069  0.050  0.037  0.029  0.024  0.020  0.017
1.5 82  1.919  1.050  1.002  0.695  0.481  0.349  0.264  0.207  0.138  0.099  0.075  0.059  0.047  0.039  0.033
0.5 160 0.093  0.076  0.088  0.090  0.068  0.041  0.024  0.016  0.010  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.003  0.002  0.002
U(m/s) wind speed on the ground Xm(m): distance of the max.ground level concentration
Cm (mg/Nm3): max. ground concentration
Table 0-14  Ground concentration distribution of NOx of the Parking   (mg/Nm3)
Stability   U  Xm   Cm    50    100    200    300   400    500    600    800   1000   1200   1400   1600   1800  2000
Unsteady  3.0 24  0.098  0.053  0.036  0.017  0.010  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000
1.5 24  0 195  0.106  0.071  0.034  0.019  0.012  0.009  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001
0.5 110 0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
normal  3.0 68  0.096  0.056  0.042  0.022  0.013  0.009  0.006  0.005  0.003  0.002 10.001 I0.001  0.001  0.001  0.001
1.5 68  0193  0.111  0.084  0.044  0.027  0.018  0.013  0.009  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001
0.5 140 0.005  0.004  0.004  0.004  0.004  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
steady   3.0  82  0101  0.055  0.053  0.036  0025  0.018  0.014  0.011  0.007  0.005  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.002
1.5  82  0202  0.110  0.105  0.073  0.050  0.037  0.028  0.022  0.014  0.010  0.008  0.006  0.005  0.004  0.003
0.5 160 0010  0.008  0.009  0.009  0.007  0.004  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001 I0.o000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
U(m/s) wind speed on the ground Xm(m):    distance of the max. ground level concentration
Cm (mg/Nm3): max. ground level concentration
Table 0-15  ground concentration distribution of NMHC of the Parking   (mg/Nm3)
Stability   U  YXm   Cm   50    100    200    300   400    500   600    800   1000   1200   1400   1600  1800  2000
unsteady  3.0 24  0.150  0.082  .055 0026  0.015  0.010  0.007  0.005 0003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.0o010.001  0
1.5 24  0.301  0.164  0.110  0.052  0.030  0.019  0.013  0.010  0.006  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001
0 i.5 1110 0.002 1 0.002  0.002 10.002 10.002  0.001  0.001  0.001 I 0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000 T 0.000  0.000 I
nonnal   3.0 68  0,149  0.086  0.065  0.034  0.021  0.014  0.010  0.007  0.005  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001
1.5 68  0.298  0.172  0.130  0.068  0.041  0.027  0.019  0.015  0.009  0.006  0.005  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.002
0.5 140 0.007  0.006  0.007  0.007  0.005  0.004  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
steady   3.0  82  0.155  0.085  0.081  0.056  0.039 0.028 0.021  0.017  0.011  0.008      6  0.005 0.004 0.003  0003
1.5  82  0.311  0.170  0.162  0.113  0.078  0.056  0.043  0.034  0.022  0.016  0.012  0.009  0.008  0.006  0.005
0.5 1601 0.015  0.012  0.014  0.015  0.011  0.007  0.004  0.003  0.002  0.001  0.001  0.001  0.000  0.000  0.000
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
U(m/s)wind speed on the ground Xm(m):    distance of the max. ground level concentration
Cm (mg/Nm3): max. ground level concentration
Table 0-16 Distribution of hourly concentration of NOx and NMHC downwind on the west
and north side of the Parking Garage
sok      U                          NI                                              NMFI
Xm    an   50   10)   20D  300   400   500   Yin   On    50   10)   200   300   40D   50D
Uik*    3.0   24   0212  0.167  015  0131  0124   012  (1118  24  0506  0.438  0.411  0382  0371  0366  0363
15   24   0309  022   0185  0148  0133  0.126   0123   24  0(657  052  0.466  0.408  0386  0375  036
05   110  0.115  0.115  0115  0115  0115  0.115  0.115  110  0358  0358  0358  0358  0358  0357  0357
Nind   3.0   68   021   0.17  0156  0136  0127  01123   0.12   68  0505 10.442  0.421  039  0377  037  0366
15   68   0307  025  0.19  0.158  0141  0.132  0.27   68  0.654  O028  0.486  0.424  0397  0383  0375
05   140   1119  0.118  0118  0118  0118  0.116  0.115  110  0363  0362  0363  0363  0361  036  0358
Sdt     3.0   82   0215  0169  0167  015  0139  0.L32   0128   82  0511  0.441  0.437  0.412  0395  0384  0377
15   82   0316  0224  0219  0187  0.164  0.151  0.142   82  (667  0526  0518  0.469  (434  0.412  039
05 1 )  0.124  01 27 I013  02.3  0121  0118   0116  16 0 371  0368  037  0371  0367  0363  036
Water Quality
Water quality includes surface water and underground water. All drainage water on the project
will be collected and routed to the sewer system. For safety purposes, the fuel system will be
buried underground, and will be equipped with catholic protection to prevent corrosion.
Tlherefore, the project will not impact the groundwater. This chapter addresses the surface water
quality and potential impacts.
Overview of water discharge
The current drainage of the site is such that water flows from the north or north-east of the project
to Shihu ditch through small field runoff, then to Guangfu river, north to Huadi river, and
ultimately to the Pearl River.
After the construction of the depot, the domestic wastewater and the industry wastewater will be
discharged to the municipal wastewater sewage pipe(under Longxi road) and collected in the
Xilang wastewater treatment plant. The clean water after treatment at the Xilang plant will be
discharged into Huadi river and eventually to the Pingzhou water way.
Future water quality
Approach
The water quality investigation was based on the nature of the water environment at the site, the
types of pollutants to be discharged by the facility, and a range of possible alternatives for
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
handling the discharge.
Investigation scope and monitoring points
The scope of the investigation included:
* Huadi river 2.3km east of the project,
*   Guangfu river 1.5kn north of the project,
* Bujiao ditch (from east to west),
*   Shihu ditch (from south to north),
* Chigang river(from north west to south east)
Ten water quality monitoring points were selected and are listed in Table 5-1 and shown in Figure
2-1.
Table 0-1 detailed location of the monitoring points
Code      Name                    Location                   River     Monitoring Time
l______  ___________   ________________ _______________   _______(year   m onth)
1       Bujiao       lock of Buijiao River                Bujiao River  1998.2
2       Chigangcho   intersection  of  Chigangchong  and  Chigang       1998.2
___ _ [ng   Longxi Road                                    River
3       Shihu ditch   intersection of Shihu ditch and Longxi Shihu River   1998.2
Road
4       steel plant    dock of the Guangfu River           Guangfu      1998.2
River
5       Dahe         west junction of the Guangfu River and  Guangfu    1995.4
Huadi River                          River
6       Xijiao       north junction of Guangfu River and  Huadi River  1995.4
Huadi River
7       Dongjiao      south junction of the Guangfu River and  Huadi River  1996.1
Huadi River
8       Daqiao        intersection of the Longxi road and  Huadi River  1996.1
Huadi River
9       wastewater   exit of the Xilang wastewater treatment Huadi River  1996.1
_______   plant  plant
10      Naijiao      junction  of the  Huadi River and  Huadi River  1996.1
Pingzhou waterway
The pollutants measured in the monitoring program included pH, BOD5, CODcr, DO, SS, Oil,
Copper, Lead
The monitoring schedule and analysis methods are shown in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2,
respectively.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-2 water quality monitoring items and analysis method
Parameter                  Analysis method                Detection Limit
pH               glass electrode                                0.01 pH
DO               iodometry                                      0.2 mg/L
CODcr            potassium dichromate                           10 mg/L
BOD5             iodometric titration                            3 mg/L
Oil              ultra-violet spectrometry                      0.05 mg/L
SS               gravimetric method                             0.0001 g
Pb               flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry     0.0006 mg/L
Cu               flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry     0.0010 mg/L
6) Water monitoring result
See Table 5-3
Table 0-3 Monitoring result of the surface water
section    pH      DO     BOD5  CODcr   Oil          SS        Pb          Cu
_______________  _________                      ~~~~ ~~ ~~(x1I03-)  (XlO 0 3)
(I)Bujiao    7.25    2.48   3.40    43.58    6.71     59        1.0         1.9
(2)Chigang   7.22    2.91    1.56    11.33    0.02    20         0.3         1.9
(3)Shihu    7.33    4.78    3.03    28.22    2.22    7.2        0.8         3.2
(4)steel plant  7.24    1.61  5.37    36.32    2.98    31         0.8         6.6
(5)Dahe    7.10   4.28     7.91    41.48    0.47    78.3       2.5          -
(6)Xijiao    7.10    4.77   6.76    32.90    0.44    61.4       1.6          -
(7)Dongjiao   7.15    2.87    7.40    78.5    1.31    88.0       5.5          -
(8)Dagiao    7.10    4.53   7.02    44.80    0.38    84.7       4.3          -
(9)wastewater  7.04    2.58   8.65    35.80    0.78    69.0       6.0          -
plant
(10)Naijiao   6.95    3.08   9.20    53.50    0.65    60.8      5.10
Assessment of the Current Water Quality
Assessment standard
Water at the location of the project is used as general industry water and irrigating water. TheIV
class standard (GB3838-88) is the appropriate assessment standard. See table 5-4.
Table 0-4 Surface water Quality Standard (mg/L, except pH)
Item          pH       DO      BOD5    CODcr       Oil    SS*       Pb      Cu
IV class         6.5-8.5    23      �6       �20       _0.5    <100   �0.05    <1.0
(GB3838-88)
*Standard of SS refers to field irrigation water quality( GB5084-92)
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Longxj Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Comparison with the standard
DO
The DO concentration in the samples is from 2.48mg/L to 4.77mg/L. 50% of the points meet the
standard (3mg/L).
BODs
The BOD5 concentration of the water samples ranged from 1.56mg/L to 9.20mg/L. 60% of the
points exceed the standard (6.Omg/L), mainly downstream. But the BOD5 concentration at the
Bujiao, Chigang, Shihu and steel plant point are less than the standard (6.0mg/L)
CODcr
As shown in Table 5-3, all the monitoring points are within the standard(20mg/L) except the
Chigang. The rate of exceedance is from 0.41 to 2.93 times the standard.
Oil
Concentration of oil in the investigation area is from 0.02 to 6.71 mg/L. 40% of the monitoring
points exceed the standard (0.Smg/L). Bujiao's result exceeds the standard 12.42 times. Steel
plant's exceeds 4.98 times.
Ss
All samples met the standard (lOOmg/L).
Pb and Cu
The rate of Pb standard exceedance (0.05mg/L) is 30%, mainly downstream. All of the samples
of Cu meet the standard (1.Omg/L).
The monitoring results show that the main pollutants of the monitoring water are CODer, BOD5,
DO, and oil. The pollution condition of the downstream is more serious than upstream.
Water Quality Prediction and Analysis
Pollutant Sources
The waste water system of the project incorporates a pretreatment system before discharge to the
sewer system. The waster water from the vehicle washing room, refueling station and
maintenance workshop is emitted to their own oil separators and to the municipal sewer system
after flotation system. There is no direct discharge to the natural environment.
The wastewater discharge of the project is 338.4 m3/d. The main pollutants discharged to the
sewer system and concentration after pre-treatment are shown in Table 5-5.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-5 wastewater quality and main pollutants discharged after pre-treatment to
municipal sewer system
Wastewater               CODcr                            Oil
discharge      concentration    discharge     concentration   discharge
(Wm/d)          (mg/L)          (kg/d)         (mg/L)         (kg/d)
338.4            207            69.92           3.2            1.08
Impact assessment of the water quality
The water quality discharge from the Xilang wastewater treatment plant will meet strict discharge
standards. Table 5-6 shows the pollutant from the plant to Xilang and the discharge from the
Xilang plant [I figure 5-1! .
Table 0-6 water quality after treatment in Xilang wastewater treatment plant
Items           wastewater of the project         wastewater of the plant
concentration   discharge        concentration    discharge
(mg/L)          (kg/d)           (mg/L)           (kg/d)
CODcr                 207             <69.92            �60             � 20.3
0 Oil          1      3.2             <1.08             < 5             �1.08
Water quality summary
Oil and SS of the wastewater can meet the standards (GB8978-1996) after pre-treating in the
project. But CODcr and BOD5 will not meet the standard. Therefore, the project will pre-treat the
water on-site and will not operate the Longxi plant until it is possible to discharge the waste water
to the municipal sewer system and the Xilang treatment wastewater treatment plant. The Longxi
Depot will not add new pollution to surroundings.
Current noise environment and impact assessment
Monitoring of the current noise environment and assessment
Standard and assessment items
The Longxi Depot is a Class 4 environmental function zone, as is the main roadway planned for the
west side of the facility and a smaller road for the north side. Because the planning regulations require
a 30 m buffer between the Class 4 and Class 2, the land to the west and north of the road would be
Class 4. After requisition of the land for the Longxi Depot, developers have built houses on the edge
of the road right-of-way on both the north and west sides of the depot.
After the construction of the project, the area of the maintenance depot and the first row of the
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
buildings in Fengchi village and Nan village are Class 4 (the other areas are Class 2).
Standards
Table 0-1 Noise standards (dB(A))
Category               day (06:00 - 22:00)         night (22:00 - 06:00)
Class II                      60                          50
class IV                      70                           55
Assessment items
Leq(A) is the average power during the testing circle. The formula is:
_ 100° L,,(tdt
Leq clOlogs T              F
When it is monitored in the same intervals. The formula is:
Leq  I lOlog3 _ EloOlLm
eq          l10
T testing period Second
Lp t-----Leq dB(A)
Li Leq at point dB(A)
n number of points.
Monitoring of existing noise levels
Location of the monitoring points
There are five points on the center and the 1m border line of the project and two sensitive
monitoring points on the resident building. See Figure 4-1
Monitoring instrument and monitoring method
1) Monitoring instrument
Integrating sound level meter is HY-105.which can meet the requirement of the international
standard IE[651(1979)3.
2) Method
To put the meter at Im outside of the house and 1.3-1.5m high.
To monitor while no rain, and the wind speed is less than 5.5m/s
Time: 6:00am-10:OOpm for day, 10:OOpm-6:00am for night
Period: 15-20min
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Monitoring result of the noise
See table 6.2
Table 0-2 monitoring result of the current noise environment
code            Location of points           monitoring result     standard     class
day        night    day      night
1#    Center                               46.0       43.0     70       55      IV
2#    East border                          45.0       42.0
3#    South border                         47.0       46.0                =      =
4#    west border                          50.0       46.0
5#    North border                         46.5       43.0      =__
6#    lm outside window in Fengchi village  49.5      45.0
7#    Im outside window in Nai village     45.5       42.0                        = 1
Analysis of the current noise environment
From the Table 6-2, night noise of all the monitoring locations meet the standard and the daytime
noise can ever meet the night standard of II class. The site of the project and its east side and
south side are potted landscape farm, 15m north from the border and 30m west from the border of
the project are private 3-6 stories buildings. Most of these buildings are currently not occupied
by residents. There isn't any special noise source nearby. The distance of Longxi Road from the
project and the passing vehicle population is small so it influences the area of the project very
little. Overall, the noise environment quality is considered to good.
Noise impact assessment during constructing
Standard
The construction standards are listed in Table 6-3.
Table 0-3 Noise limits on the perimeter of the construction site (Leq(A))
Construction      Primary Noise Source                       Limit
Phase
Day (06:00 - 22:00)    Night (22:00 - 06:00)
Excavation    bulldozer, excavator, fork-lift       75                   55
truck
Piling          different pile driver             85            forbid construction
Structural    concrete mixer, vibration pile       70                   55
driver, electric saw
Finishing           crane, elevator                65                   55
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Investigation of the construction equipment
Table 6-4 lists the maximum noise levels for certain items of construction equipment.
Table 0-4 Noise of different construction equipment
Equipment             Distance to monitoring point        Lmax dB(A)
I         fork-lift truck                     5                           90
2           land level                        5                           90
3           bulldozer                         5                           86
4      hydraulic excavator                    5                           84
5          pile driver                        5                          112
6            truck                            5                           92
7        concrete mixer                       5                           91
8        concrete pump                        5                           85
9         moving crane                        5                           86
Prediction of the noise impact during construction
The noise of the project site can be represented by a point source and the noise as a function of
distance from the site is calculated by the following formula:
Lp= LpO -201ogt )
Lp--the prediction noise r meters from the source dB(A)
Lpo --the reference noise ro meter from the source dB(A)
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The prediction result is as following:
Table 0-5 Noise levels for construction equipment at different distances ( dB(A))
Distance(m)         5    10   20    40    50    60            Noise Limit
dB(A)
Equipment         \                                                  day night
fork-lifttruck     90   84   78    72    70    68          75         55
90   84   78    72    70    68         75         55
grader                                    _
bulldozer         86   80   74    68    66    65          75        55
hydrauli excav84   78   72    66    64    62            75        55
hydraulic excavator
p.le .river      112  106  100    94    92    90         85    prohibited
piledriver
truck           92   86   80    74    72    70          75         55
concretemixer       91   85   79    73    71    69          70        55
85   76   70    64    62    63         70         55
concrete_pump                   _     ___          ___     ___     ______
86   80   74    66    64    64         65         55
moving crane_
Impact assessment during construction
From Table 6-5, the daytime noise contribution of most individual pieces of equipment will meet
the perimeter standard if they are located at least 20 m within the site.
Equipment at the edge of the site will exceed the standard 3 - 2ldB(A)[(GB12523-90)]. If
construction proceeds at night, the noise will exceed the limits by 11 - 31 dB(A).
The construction period is one year so the impact period is also one year.
Fengchi village located in the west of the project and the buildings in Nai village north of that are
two sensitive areas. These two villages are separated from the boundary of the project by 30m
and 60m.
The maximum noise at the houses in Fengchi village nearest to the project was calculated to be
70 - 76dB(A) during construction. The maximum noise while piling will be as high as 96dB(A).
The noise at the houses in Nai village nearest to the project was calculated to be 62 - 7OdB(A)
during construction, and as high as 9OdB(A) while piling.
The noise from the construction activities will impact the residents living nearest to the project in
the two villages, especially pile driver. So there must be actions to reduce the noise pollution for
the residents.
keep equipment as far from houses as possible
do perimeter work during the day (avoid lunch hour break)
warn about pile driving, keep to daylight hours, prohibited in evening
construction vehicles routed to opposite side of site, not house site, especially at night.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Noise impact assessment during the operation of the project
Scope and standard of the assessment
This assessment considered the impact of the project on the immediate surroundings outside the
property boundary, and the nearby housing. The two rows of houses, to the west and to the north
of the project are on Class IV land, because they are within the 30 m strip adjacent to the
roadway. As they are on Class IV land, the Class IV noise standards are applicable. As they are
residential in nature, the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot has adopted the Class II noise standard
as objectives. This applies to the first row of the buildings in Fengchi village and Nan village, the
buildings to be built behind them (30 m beyond the road right-of-way) will be Class II.
For Class II area, the standard is that daytime 60 dB(A),night 50 dB(A) [GB3096-93]and
GB12348-90]; for Class IV, the standards are 70 dB(A), and 55 dB(A), respectively.
Prediction of the noise impact
Noise sources
According to the project description, the bus maintenance facility includes a number of
workshops, maintenance area, and a large parking garage.
Through comparing with similar projects, the main noise sources of the it are a standby diesel
generator (250KW), 8 air compressors, 5 normal lathes and the buses using the parking garage.
The power of the noise sources are listed in the table 6-6. The generator is an emergency power
source and will not be operated during the night.
Table 0-6 main noise sources of the project
Equipment    Distance to noise    Noise    Number       Location            Time
source (m)    dB(A)
Emergency          1        105-110      1      Ist floor of comprehensive  standby,
diesel                                         building                  daytime
generator
Lathes            1         80-90        5     1S  floor of maintenance  daytime
workshop
Air               1         75-85        8     It floor of maintenance  daytime
compressors                                    workshop
Buses            7.5        79-82       232    Parking garage            daytime
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Prediction model
The noise emitting machines and equipment are installed in rooms in the multi-purpose building.
The noise produced by the equipment will be attenuated by the walls, air, and the distance to
potential receivers. The noise impact is predicted with the following relationships.
1) prediction model of the noise source in rooms
L ph  =       + 10 log        Q     +  4
Lwj the Leq(A) of the noise source i
Q    direction index of the noise source
(in general, the noise source located on the floor, Q is 2)
r,   distance from the nearest wall to the noise source
R    constant of the room i
If there are k sources in a room, the prediction model is:
L PI = 10 log (10 
2) the noise level near the wall outside the room
Lp2= Lp, - (TL + 6)
TL-noise loss of the wall.
3) Prediction model of outside of the room
(1) Prediction model of the plane noise source
To regard the wall as an equivalent plane noise source outside the room which length and height
is a x b, a b
a
while r-   Lr = LP2 -A
while -r-    r =L P 2 - 10 log   A--A
Xf  ;f                         a
b                          b              T r
while r-  Lr = LP 2 -10 log  --  20 log  --   A
or                         a               a
(2) Prediction model of the point sound source
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The noise of the standby diesel generator can be regarded as point sound source. The prediction
model is:
L =  LP2    20 log(   r           A
rp2
r-distance from the prediction point to the outside sound source
A-decay index
Prediction method
Based on the analysis of the running time of the noise sources and the power of them, as well as
the location of the sources, the wall, and the surrounding conditions, the prediction models
mentioned above can calculate the total noise on the border of the project and the first row
building of Fengchi and Naicun villages. It can compare with the standard after adding with the
background.
Assumptions in the modelling are that:
* 232 buses depart in the morning, arrive in the evening;
* the traffic occurs over two hour periods (20:00-22:00 and 6:00-8:00); and
* the noise of each bus exposes the perimeter of the depot for 10 seconds.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The prediction result and the analysis of the impact
See table 6-7
Table 0-7 prediction result of noise after construction of the project
Number  Location        Prediction   Background       Total      Standard     Exceedance
result dB(A)    dB(A)         dB(A)      (Objective)     dB(A)
dB(A)
____________  day  night   day   night  day   night  day   night  day   night
I     Im  out of  58    49    45.0   42.0   58   49.7   70    50           0      0
east border
2      I m  out of  80     -     47.0   46.0   80   46.0                   10     0
south border
3      Im  out of  71      -     50.0   46.0   71   46.0                   1      0
west border
4      Im  out of  70      -     46.5   43.0   70   43.0                   0      0
north border
5     Im out of the  64    -     49.5   45.0   64   45.0   70    55        0      0
window   of                                           (60)  (60)
FC village
6      Im out of the  66   -     45.5   42.0   66   42.o                   0      0
window of
Nai village                                      _
From table 6-7, the daytime noise at all the borders of the project can exceed the standard
(70dB(A)) at the south (10 dB(A)), and west (1 dB(A)) of the site. These exceedances are as a
result of the diesel generator, which is an emergency supply only, and will operate very
infrequently, and only during the daytime period. A number of detailed mitigation options are
used in the generator room to contain the equipment noise.
For the nighttime noise, all of the perimeter points meet the Class IV standards.
The noise levels in Fengchi village and Nan village also meet the night standards and objectives.
The facility will not accept buses during the night period, which would have caused the objectives
to be exceeded.
The daytime noise levels in Fengchi and Nan villages will meet the Class IV standard, but exceed
the objective of 60 dB(A) by a modest amount (4-6 dB(A)). An increase of about 5 dB(A) is just
perceptible by the human ear.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Conclusion
Conclusion of the noise impact assessment during construction
According to the prediction, the noise on all the borders of the project will exceed the standard
during construction and impact the residents living the first row building facing the project
especially while piling. There must be some suitable actions to protect the residents in the two
villages from noise. The period of impacting on the surroundings of construction is one year.
Conclusion of the noise impact assessment after operation
In normal operation, the facility should meet the daytime noise standards at the perimeter,
however the standard may be exceeded, particularly at the south, on the rare occasions when the
emergency generator is in use.
Because of the design change made in the project not to allow bus access at night, the nighttime
noise standard and objective will be met, and the noise levels should be typical of a quiet
residential area.
The noise from the buses at departure time (06:00-08:00) and arrival time (20:00-22:00) is the
impact that requires further mitigative action. The houses to the west will be most affected by the
buses on the ramp between floors of the garage, particularly at night when they are climbing the
10% grade of the ramp. Potential mitigation includes:
*  using sound absorbing material on the inside walls of the ramp area,
•  requiring drivers to maintain the appropriate gearing and speed for the ramp,
*  strictly scheduling the filling of spaces within the garage so that the buses themselves act as
noise barriers,
-  requiring routine noise measurements on all buses using the facility with mandatory
maintenance if thresholds are exceeded,
*  monitoring the noise levels at the houses opposite the ramp and requiring further mitigation
including, for example, raising the walls on the outside of the ramp or enclosing the end if the
noise from the facility ever exceeds the Class IV standard, and if the facility contributes more
than 10 dB(A) above background.
Alternative Sites Evaluated for the Maintenance Depot
Alternatives
The population in Fangcun district is 150,000 now and it will be over 600,000 in the future. The
number of buses in Fangcun district will be 600 in the year 2010. According to the Guangzhou
public transport development plan, there must be a public bus maintenance spot in Fangcun
district so as to reduce the driving miles. There were three options for selection of the project site
(Table 7-1). The Longxi site was selected and subject to the environmental assessment.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Table 0-1 Comparison of the Three Alternatives
Alternate      Location              Analysis                         Outcome
Dongjiao town  Narrow and long area  * residences are under construction  Site abandoned due
in the south west of   nearby, the environment impact is  to  environmental
Dongjiao town          serious                         concerns and site
* the area (about 20000m2) is  features
small and narrow so it not
benefit for layout
* situation of the road is bad
Fengchi village  North of Longxi road  * Proximity to Fengchi village  Site abandoned due
and   south-east  of    would  require  relocation  of to  enviromnental
Fengchi village         residences                     concerns and site
. the area (about 20000m2) is  features
small and would not benefit
Longxi         North of Longxi road  * there is a 30m width planned  Site selected for the
and east of Fengchi    road to Fengchi village in the  project.
village, south of Nan    west side and 10m planned road
village                 to Nan village in north side. The
site is a field and will not require
demolition of buildings.
* The east and south of the project
is planned industry zone, and
there were no houses in the west
and north of the project in 1995
The Impact of the General Plan on the Environment
Factors Influencing the Site Layout
The site is bordered on the north (15m) by Nan village and to the west by Fengchi village
separated by the 30m wide Fengchi Road. The south-east of the project is industry area. The
sensitive points and the main protection targets are in the north west.
The prime emission sources are the noise from the maintenance workshop and the noise caused
by the generator in the multi-purpose building. Air emissions include vehicle exhaust and oiled
smoke from the dining room. There is also some concern for oiled wastewater. The design took
these factors into consideration and the maintenance workshop and the multi-purpose building
were located on the south-east side of the project.
The parking area is mainly for buses and will hold up to 232 buses. Emission sources include
noise and vehicle exhaust emissions.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Alternative Designs Constraints
There are the following difficulties with alternative designs of the site layout:
If the parking garage is relocated to the south-west corner of the project, the main entrance is still
the 30 m wide Fengchi Road which leaves the only exit on the road north of the project. That
would result in traffic noise pollution along the border of Nan village. The road on the north of
the project is only 13 meters wide and less than the turning diameter (13m) of the bus.
If the garage is moved to south, the refueling station must be moved to the north-west corner of
the project in order to avoid the cross running of the bus. This would reduce the distance between
the gas station and the multi-purpose building pose a safety hazard. The station has to be located
in the center of the project to satisfy the requirement of fire safety distance(25m) but this would
violate the required percentage of green space (30%) within the design.
Scope of the Assessment
From the above mentioned analysis of pollution sources, it has been concluded that the major
potential impacts associated with the project is related to exhaust emissions, wastewater and
noise. These will be analyzed in detail in the following chapters. Other issues will not be further
assessed for the following reasons.
1) Clearance & Resettlement
The project site is undeveloped and is currently and temporarily leased to flower farmers. The
farmers will relocate to another area as per their agreement prior to construction. The
Resettlement Plan is the subject of a separate report: The Resettlement Implementation Plan for
the Longxi Maintenance Depot (January 1998).
2)Historic Landmark and Site
There is no historic landmark and site around the project.
3)Construction Fill
The site of the project is low terrain and needs fill. Excess fill from construction will be disposed
on site.
4)Impact to Road and Local Development
The project site is near Longxi Road, which is a 4-lane main line. According to the urban
planning, this area will still be the flower planting base of Guangzhou. It is not anticipated that
traffic will increase significantly and the construction of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is
not predicted to adversely affect traffic in this area.
5) Impact on Ecology and Landscape
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is located in the south-west side of the Fangcun district.
Thirty per cent of the site is green space so the project blends in well with the surrounding area
and it meets the requirements of the master plan, city greening management regulations and the
environmental protection regulations. The wastewater of the project will be directed to the Xilang
wastewater plant for treatment and will not adversely affect the quality of the Huadi River,
Guangfu River or other nearby rivers.
Mitigation Measures
Air emissions
Diesel Generator
Diesel generating set of this project use 0# light diesel oil as fuel. The fuel has a low sulfur
(0.5%) content, new technology generators provide complete combustion, and low pollutant
production.
The exhaust gas will be dispersed to the atmosphere from the top of the multi-purpose building by
a dedicated flue. The exhaust from the diesel generating set is the largest single air pollution
source of this project, but is an emergency supply, operating only during the day, on an as-
required basis.
Parking garage
The Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is planned for the purpose of providing modem high quality
maintenance services for buses. An integral part of the service to be provided will be the
maintenance of the engines with respect to exhaust emissions. Buses will be routinely inspected
so that the emissions can be minimized through maintenance programs.
Pollution from the area source of the parking garage is not feasible for further treatment, but by
maintaining an open structure, natural ventilation will enhance dispersion of the pollutants.
Planting of vegetation around the project site is recommended as a general measure to improve
air quality.
Cooking exhausts
Oil-bearing exhaust gas from the cooking ranges and gas from the fuel used in the cooking ranges
(propane gas) in staff cafeteria can be respectively led to the top of multi-building by flue, treated
by water membrane filter, and dispersed. Propane was selected rather than diesel to provide fewer
emissions.
The treatment process as follows:
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
oil smoke collection .=' water-flmt filter (black smoke) =:>fans .> acceptable dispersion
The wastewater from the gas treatment is collected in the central waste water system and
pretreated prior to disposal through the municipal system.
Wastewater
Process of Sewage Treatment
Guangzhou municipal government document No. 89(69) -- Investment Manage Rules of
Guangzhou Sewage Central Treatment Construction requires .that, within the planning area of
municipal wastewater treatment plant, if the concentration of COD, BOD5, SS or other
pollutants in the wastewater of any enterprise and residential area discharge wastewater to
municipal drainage system, exceed acceptable standards, the wastewater must be brought into
municipal wastewater treatment system and be centrally treated in accordance with the
requirement of overall plan for wastewater treatment. The enterprise which discharges wastewater
must pay the construction rate of wastewater central treatment.
The wastewater of this project is to be discharged to the Xilang Municipal Sewage Treatment
Plant and treated by secondary biochemical process. According to the third class standard of
Guangzhou Discharge Sewage Standard (DB4437-90): the concentration of sewage, which is
treated in municipal sewage treatment plant by biological process, must meet with third national
standard of integrated sewage discharge standard. The limits are:
* concentration of CODC, is 500 mg/l,
* BOD is 300 mg/l, and
* SS is 400 mg/Il.
As a result, discharged wastewater from this project must be respectively primary treated,
including settling, oil-separation, air flotation separation and treatment and then discharged into
municipal sewage treatment plant and treated by secondary biochemical treatment.
The discharged water quality from the Xilang treatment plant must meet the first standard of
Guangzhou Discharge Sewage Standard (DB4437-90) for new, expanded and changed project
before discharge into the receiving water.
The wastewater sources of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot are from cleaning, wastewater
from the of refueling station, industrial wastewater from the maintenance workshop, wastewater
from the dining room, and municipal office and dormitory. The distance of source is far from
each other. Therefore:
*  industrial sewage will be treated on-site by oil-separating settling and air flotation device, and
then discharged;
*  oil and grease in oil skimming tank and air flotation device can be periodically manually
cleaned, then collected by a professional recycling company;
*  settled sludge in oil-skimming tank will be cleaned and treated as industrial waste; and
*  sewage will be treated and then discharged.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
The pretreatment process is as follows:
Oil CollectingLiFlocculent Chemical3 DefoamingDeviceFlOil Collecting
Ci           0i                 3
Car-Cleaning Sewage3lOil-Skimming3Tank PumpElAir FloatationLiReuse Water Tank
Periodical Sludge Cleaning
Oil Collecting Flocculent Chemical
L.          I
Refueling station Sewage El Oil-Skimming Fl Tank Pump
Periodical Sludge Cleaning
Oil Collecting Flocculent Chemical DefoamingDevice E Oil Collecting
Maintaining SewageE] Oil-Skimming[lTank Pump[lAir Floatation[l Municipal Pipeline
Periodical Sludge Cleaning
Oil Collecting
n
Dining Room Waste Fl Bar Screen Ditch[lOil-Skimming Tank
Periodical Residue Cleaning Periodical Sludge Cleaning
Municipal Sewage by Septic Tank
Treatment Result
After above-mentioned treatment of oil sewage, the pollutant concentration are:
* CODcr is 270mg/i,
* BOD is 105mg/i, and
* SS is 70mg/l,
which meet third standard of (GB8978-1996);
* oil is 3.2mg/l and
*  grease is 1.83mg/I,
which meet the first standard of (DB4437-90) for new, expanded or modified projects.
The concentration and removal rate of each item of water quality after treatment are shown in
Table 8-1.
Table 0-1 Concentration and Removal Rate Of This Project Before and After Pretreatment
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Item        CODcr              BOD5                   SS                 Oil            Grease
C.  C. After Removal C. B.T. C.A.T. R.R.   C.B.T. . C.A.T. R.R. C.B.T. C.A.T. R.R. C.B.T. C.A.T. R.R.
Before Treat.  Rate (Mg/L) (Mg/L)  %   (Mg/L)  (Mg/L)  %   (Mg/L) (Mg/L) %  (Mg/L) (Mg/L) %
Treat (MglL)   %
. (Mg_L)   I      III
Car-      250   175    30    80   56    30        150      70    53    20    5   75
Cleaning
Sewage                                                                 _                            _
Maintainin  300   210    30   100   70    30      200      70    65   150    5   97
g Sewage I                  I       _  II_                           I_
Refueling   100   70    30    50   35    30       150      70    53    30    5   83
station
Sewage
Municipal  250   175   30   150  105   30         120      70    42     -     -    -
Sewage  I____
Diner-room  400   280   30   250   175   30       200      70    65                     150   10  93
Sewage
Discharge       500                300                    400              -             -     10   -
standard
Required Mitigation
By routing all wastewater to the wastewater treatment system, the project prevents any direct
impact on the natural water system. The disposal of sludge and oil will be contracted to
professional disposal firms.
Noise
Diesel Generating Set
The imported diesel generating sets are proposed (with closed circular cooling equipped with
exhaust fan) will be chosen. This generating set is equipped with 1 muffler, which provides
attenuation of 2OdB(A), absorber and soft moire pipe. The noise level is 105dB(A) at I meter
outside of the generating set. The level is 9OdB(A) while generating set has been equipped with
the first class muffler, otherwise, the level would be 1 lOdB(A). Noise mitigation of diesel
generating set room as follows:
*   Sound Insulation of Generating Set Room - Diesel generating set room is constructed as fuill-
closed sound-insulation room. The thickness of wall is 240 mm. The door and windows of
this room are designed according to the requirement of sound-insulated door and window.
The sound insulation capacity can not be less than 40 dB(A).
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
*  Sound Absorption of Generating Set Room - In order to reduce reverberative noise and
enhance actual sound insulation in generating set room, absorptive plate is laid in the inner
wall and ceiling of the generating set room.
*  Shock Absorption of Generating Set - This project may choose a Cummins generating set
style C280 made in USA. The generating set will be equipped with spring or rubber absorber,
with an absorptive rate of 90-95%. In addition, soft moire pipe is installed at the exhaust air
vent of diesel generating set to reduce influence of intensive vibrant noise, which is caused by
high-pressure air current stricken exhaust air pipe. At the same time, during the generating set
installation, while exhaust pipes are drilled through wall, they need to be wrapped with heat-
resistant damper materials to avoid contacting with wall of this room.
*  Anechoic Treatment for Exhaust System of Generating Set - The exhaust system of the
generating set can adopted second class anechoic disposal. The anechoic capacity of the first
class muffler, which is equipped with generating set, is 2OdB(A). The total anechoic capacity
can not be less than 55dB(A).
*  Ventilation and Anechoic Treatment of generating set Room - Because diesel generating set
room is constructed as full-closed sound-insulation room, mechanical ventilation system is
used in this room. It uses axial fan to entry air for this room, and exhaust fan equipped with
the set to discharge air. The entrance and exhaust air vent must be equipped compound
muffler chamber, the noise elimination capacity can not be less than 4OdB(A). On the other
hand, in order to reduce heat resource in this room, some exhaust air pipe (include muffler
and soft moire pipe) is required heat-preserving and adiabatic treatment.
After the diesel generating set room use above-mentioned treatment, the boundary noise can be
controlled under 58 dB(A), and reaches the second daytime standard of (GB12348-90).
Parking garage
Nighttime noise will be mitigated by preventing access to the site during the night period
(22:00-6:00).
Daytime noise will be greatest in the periods of departure (06:00 - 08:00) and arrival (20:00 -
22:00) of the bus fleet. Specific mitigation of this source of noise includes:
*  using sound absorbing material on the inside walls of the ramp area,
*  requiring drivers to maintain the appropriate gearing and speed for the ramp,
*  strictly scheduling the filling of spaces within the garage so that the buses themselves act as
noise barriers,
*  requiring routine noise measurements on all buses using the facility with mandatory
maintenance if thresholds are exceeded,
*  monitoring the noise levels at the houses opposite the ramp and requiring further mitigation
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
including, for example, raising the walls on the outside of the ramp or enclosing the end if the
noise from the facility ever exceeds the Class IV standard, and if the facility contributes more
than 10 dB(A) above background,
* acting to eliminate future possibility of land-use conflicts by barring construction of other
unplanned housing within the buffer zone of the surrounding roads.
Waste Disposal
The waste of this project includes 0.49 tonnes per day of industrial waste and 0.31 tonne*s per day
of municipal waste.
The industrial waste, which will contain significant amounts of waste steel from the maintenance
processes and scrap iron from mechanical process, must be returned to recycling department or
the industrial landfill.
Municipal waste must be transported by sanitation department to the central sanitary landfill.
Dangerous goods and fire protection
The potential emergency dangerous of Longxi maintenance spot refueling station is fire and oil
leaking. If we take countermeasures actively and work on the operating duty strictly, the accident
can be avoided. Countermeasures during construction and operation are followed.
*  The refueling station should be ISt class fire proofing building. Effective safe protection
distance away of other main units should over 25m.
*  The structure should have good ventilation and fire prohibited around the station. In summer
it should have heat insulation and heat control.
*  The oil tanks should be plowed in the ground.
*  The station should choose explosion proof appliance.
*  Iron tools and nail shoes that are easy to sparking, are prohibited.
*  Oil tank setting, oil transferring and oil pumping should use grounding installation to protect
electrostatic accumulation.
*  Prepare enough and efficient fire control equipment and maintain them on good status.
Practice fire controlling frequently.
*  Drainage has some open channels to special separation tank of the station, in order to collect
the leaked oil to prevent bad accidents.
Pollution Prevention and Treatment during Construction Period
This construction project, which lies nearby Haibei Village, Longxi, Fangcun, has a communal
road with villagers. During construction period, the construction will change primary landscape
and result in construction wastes. Construction equipment and transportation vehicles could cause
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
noise and dust pollution. The mitigation of construction activities is as follows.
Air emissions
The main emissions during construction will be exhaust of construction equipment, cooking
exhausts from the work site, and space heating for temporary worker housing. The construction
camp should be located away from the residences. Equipment should be kept in proper working
order.
Wastewater
The source of construction wastewater on the construction site is equipment and material cleaning
water, groundwater drainage during base construction, oil sewage from builder diner-room and
municipal sewage. The construction sewage on the site contains spots of silt. If sewage on
construction site can not be well transmitted and discharged, it will flow on construction site and
influence construction, on the other hand, it will flow to road and influence traffic. If sewage
flows into surrounding farmland, it will probably make output reduction and death of crop,
pollute environment, and bring bother.
Therefore, sewage on site must be well transmitted and discharged,
e cleaning sewage for material and equipment must be settled and made the most of recycling,
*  dining-room waste of construction site must be discharged after primary treated by residue
and oil separation,
*  sewage will treated prior to discharge.
During construction, there must be strict management of environmental impacts on the site and
enforcement by the contractor of good modem construction practices. As a result, construction
impacts can be minimized.
Noise
The noise modelling showed that the equipment in use during construction would be capable of
causing adverse noise impacts off-site. During construction, especially piling, each kind of
mechanical equipment will influence inhabitants, which live near one side of the depot in two
villages -- Fengchi Village and Nancun Village.
Consequently, during construction, proper treatment must be adopted to reduce noise impacts on
nearby residents. The contractor must adopt the following mitigation measures, and these
measures must be enforced contractually:
* select low noise mechanical equipment or equipment with noise elimination and insulation;
*  keep equipment as far from houses as possible;
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
* properly arrange construction time and site;
* locate significant noise sources, such as mixers and the like, as far as possible from the
residences;
* schedule work along the perimeter for daytime, minimize it in the evening, and avoid it
during the night;
* ban the use of pile driving equipment at night, and during break times;
* minimize use in the evening, warn residents about the schedule,
* install temporary structure for sound insulation or barrier for noise elimination and insulation
near Fengchi Village and Nancun Village;
* require construction vehicles to gain site access on opposite side of site from the residences,
especially at night.
Estimated Investment of Environmental Engineering
The estimated investment of environmental engineering, including treatment for oil sewage, noise
of diner-room and diesel generating set room of this project, is 1660418 RMB, as shown in Table
8-2.
Table 0-2 Estimated Investment of Environmental Engineering (RMB)
Item                            Investment
I    Water treatment                                      1166300
2     Dining area exhaust gas treatment                    101100
3    Noise treatment for diesel generating set room       235300
4     Total                                               1502700
Public Participation
Purpose and Significance of Public Participation
Public participation is an important component of environmental assessment. It is beneficial to
decision making, to identify issues, concerns and potential impacts of a project, confirms the
design and proposed contingency plans, identifies mitigation measures, and gains understanding
and support from people near the project site.
Documents for Public Participation
Relevant technical documents for public participation relating to the Guangzhou Longxi Bus
Maintenance Depot are as follows:
1) Environmental supervisory document No. 324 Notification about Enhanced Management of
Environmental Impact Assessment about Newly Construction Project Loaned by International
Financial Organizations by State EPB, State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, and
People's Bank of China;
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
2) Technical document No.139 Collection of Environmental Assessment Information and
supplement by the World Bank.
Form and Scope of Public Participation
Both the State EPB and the World Bank require the environmental impact assessment report of
the Guangzhou Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot to carryout public participation. In order to do
public participation well, on the basis of form and content confirmed by environmental
supervisory document No. 324 and World Bank technical document No.139, we adopted the
experience of public participation done for the Guangzhou Inner Ring Road. This involved two
methods - a survey and a public meeting, to determine opinions of relevant enterprises and people
in the area of the proposed facility.
The proposed site of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is surrounded by Haibei Village and
Longxi Village. There is also Nancun village, which is subordinate to Haibei Village and
separated by the planned road on the north. There is Fengchi village which is subordinate to
Longxi Village and separated by Fenxi Road on the west. To the east is farmland, and to the south
is refueling station separated by a proposed road. The focus of the public participation is Haibei
Village, Longxi Village and relevant department of local government.
Public Participation Activities
The public participation group was made up of 5 staff appointed by the environmental assessment
institute of the Guangzhou Environmental Scientific Research Institute and 3 staff appointed by
the constructor, the Guangzhou Public Works Bureau. The group undertook the above-noted
public participation activities between February 2 and February 12, 1998.
Public Survey
The public participation group (8 persons) surveyed local people and businesses around the
project site about the construction of Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. The people surveyed
included residents of Haibei and Longxi Villages, principals and staff of Haibei refueling station,
the Longxi refueling station, the Xiangyun Flowers Farm and Maolin Flowers Farm. The survey
was focused on residents of Nancun and Fengchi Villages nearest the project. A total of 83 local
villagers and enterprise staff were surveyed.
Public Meeting
Local inhabitants and businesses understood information and potential environmental impacts
associated with the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot to a certain extent. The public meetings also
enhanced the environmental awareness of the project. The group, supported and assisted by local
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Guangzhou Fangcun District EPB, held a public meeting with delegates of the Haibei Village
Committee on Feb. 12, 1998, A total of 19 persons were consulted including 3 persons from the
Guangzhou Fangcun District EPB, principal, vice principal, secretary and village delegates of
Haibei Village, the principal, vice principal, secretary, principal assistant and village delegates of
Longxi Village, as well as, managers and staff of the Xiangyun Flowers Farm and the Maolin
Flowers Farm.
The public meeting was presided over by the environmental assessment institute. The constructor
introduced basic information and the design plan of the project. The environmental assessment
group reviewed the extent of potential emissions from the facility including vehicle exhaust and
noise, environmental mitigation measures proposed by the constructor and solicited opinions and
advice about the project.
Results of Public Participation
Synthesizing the various opinions resulting from the survey and public meeting, it can be
concluded that the local people and business have no strong opposition to the project. Their
opinions can be summed up in the three following categories: in agreement, requests, and
recommendations.
1) In Agreement
a. Approval of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot comes from principals and residents of the
local Haibei and Longxi Villages. They consider that this project will have no serious
environmental impact and the levels of emissions are acceptable, as long as the proposed
mitigation measures are adopted. The project is considered beneficial for the local villages. It will
improve the economic basis of the agricultural collective economy development, speed
development of the area, promotes economic development and increase employment
opportunities of surplus country labour. Local villagers wished to speed the development, and
improve the local traffic situation. The villages will also benefit from land compensation.
b. The Maolin Flowers Farm is used for managing and planting potted landscape plants and is
currently leased by residents of Chajiao Village, Fancun District in Haibei Village. The manager
of the farm indicated that they had known of the planned purpose of this site while renting and
managing, and therefore, they had ensured prepared that all plants were not planted in soil
directly, but in pots to facilitate relocation. The farm has planned to select another planting site in
either Longxi Village or Huadu City. They were in favour of the project and felt that this will
improve development of the area.
2) Request for Mitigation
a. Villagers of local Haibei and Longxi Villages and leaders and experts of Fangcun District EPB
were concerned about the potential of oily wastewater being discharged from the facility. It was
felt that if wastewater was directly discharged into the local drainage ditch, it would adversely
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
affect irrigation water for flowers, vegetables and farmland, impact crop growth, and pollute the
land. As a result, they requested that wastewater from the facility can not be discharged into
irrigation water ditches to prevent pollution of farmland and negatively influence yield of flowers
and vegetables.
b. The leaders and experts of the Fangcun District EPB emphasized that wastewater treatment
must be emphasized. Although construction of Xilang Sewage Treatment Plant has been planned,
operation and execution has not been scheduled. The project has to include the construction of an
on-site treatment facility in the event that construction of Xilang Sewage Treatment Plant does
not proceed. Wastewater should separate oil from water and treat the water in accordance with
standards, prior to discharge into the river.
c. Residents of Longxi and Haibei Villages thought that noise from vehicles and mechanical
equipment associated with bus maintenance will impact on village houses near the west and north
of this project site. They requested the adoption of appropriate mitigation measures to reduce
noise.
d. Leaders and experts of Fangcun District EPB thought that spray painting for bus maintenance
would adversely influence the existing excellent air quality. They requested the adoption
mitigation measures to minimize impacts such as the use of low or non-solvent dope in the
painting workshop and the establishment of absorption and filter devices to reduce impacts.
3) Recommendations
Local leaders and villagers who were surveyed and who attended the meetings, noted that the
public transit situation of the area consisted ofjust two minibuses bought by Dongjiao Town. It is
inconvenient that only one minibus is driven to Fangcun each hour. They unanimously suggested
that the Guangzhou Public Works Bureau develop a municipal bus route from the area to the
central area of Guangzhou as soon as possible. This will be convenient for local people, improve
communication with the city centre and enhance economic development.
Response to Public Opinions
1) With respect to wastewater concerns expressed by the public, the constructor indicated that
there will be strict compliance with standards as prescribed in Guangzhou Sewage Discharge
Standard (DB4437-90) and the Integrated Sewage Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and
wastewater would be treated up to standards and then discharged. The wastewater would be
treated by an on site treatment facility or directed to the Xilang Sewage Treatment Plant.
2) The constructor indicated the potential for noise was taken into consideration in the layout of
the facility to locate noisy equipment as far as possible from village houses. They indicated that
environmental protection measures like sound insulation would be adopted. Prior to operation of
the facility its boundary noise must be accordance with the national standard, and inspected and
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
approved by the environmental protection governing department.
3) The constructor explained that spray painting would not be carried out at the Longxi Bus
Maintenance Depot because it will be a third class maintenance facility.
4) With respect to the request for a bus route from this area to the city centre, the Guangzhou
Public Works Bureau explained that the planned development of bus routes is in accordance with
transportation capacity and passenger capacity. However, they indicated that a bus route for this
area is listed in plan, and will be a top-priority.
Conclusion
The public participation group surveyed 83 local villagers and business staff. They also invited 19
local village leaders, villagers, delegates of surrounding enterprises and local government EPB, to
a public meeting. The results indicated that the local public basically approved of the facility.
They felt that the project would speed development of the area and increase employment
opportunities for surplus country labour. Table 9-1 summarizes the are public concerns and
responses.
Table 0-1 Summary of Public Opinions and Responses
No.               Issues                                   Response
I Oily wastewater can not be discharged The constructor will strictly comply with standards
into local drainage ditch. Wastewater prescribed in Guangzhou Wastewater Discharge Standard,
should be treated by an on-site facility and treat wastewater to standards prior to  discharge.
if the project is completed prior to Treatment will be done on-site if construction of Xilang
construction of the Xilang Treatment Wastewater Treatment Plant has not been completed.
Plant. Oil must be separated from water
and  treated  in  accordance  with
standards prior to ultimate discharge
into river.
2 Adoption of mitigation measures to The constructor will locate noisy equipment as far away
reduce noise impacts on residences on from houses and adopt other environmental protection
the west and north of this project site.  measures like sound insulation. Prior to operation of the
facility its boundary noise must be accordance with
national standard, and   checked  and accepted by
environmental protection goveming department .
3 Spray painting of buses must be Spray painting will not be carried out at the Longxi Bus
appropriately mitigated.          Maintenance Depot. There is no spray painting proposed
for the facility.
4  Public unanimously suggested that the Planned development of bus routes is in accordance with
Guangzhou Public Works Bureau transportation capacity and passenger capacity. A bus
develop a municipal bus route from the route of this area is listed in plan and will be top-priority in
area to Guangzhou centre as soon as plan implementation
possible.
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Environmental Protection Management and Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental Protection Management
Environmental Protection Management Organization
The Guangzhou Public Utility Bureau and the principal owner of the Guangzhou Municipal
Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot project will be responsible for the environmental management of
the project. Its engineering department has 4-5 professional staff for environmental protection (at
least 2 engineers or higher professional) for overall execution of environmental management.
Guangzhou EPB will oversee the implementation.
The environmental management procedures are further detailed in a separate Environmental
Action Plan (EAP). The EAP details the environmental protection procedures, responsibility for
their implementation, and the associated costs.
Responsibilities of Environmental Management
Environmental management mainly includes the following aspects:
1) Environmental Management of Construction Period
During construction, the depot must not only manage construction quality and schedule of this
project, but also supervise and inspect civil construction, the implementation of mitigation
measures and the execution of contract requirements for environmental protection.
2) Supervision of Project Construction
During construction, the constructor will invite a construction supervision company to supervise
and inspect environmental treatment equipment and methods for the whole project to ensure these
devices are constructed in accordance with the design so that all the measures will work
efficiently upon the completion of construction.
3) Responsibility for implementation of Mitigation Measures.
In order to reduce adverse impacts on the environment during construction and operation, the
constructor (Public Utilities Bureau) will be responsible for the implementation of the mitigation
measures which are accepted by the Guangzhou EPB and the World Bank.
4) Environmental Management During Operation
This will include the following:
(1) Carry out an environmental education program to improve environmental awareness; increase
responsibility of pollution control; create a beautiful environment; and promote environmental
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
protection of depot.
(2) Establish operational environmental management procedures for the facility and equipment
operation, rules for pollution prevention, periodic inspection and repair to ensure normal
operation of devices, such as the wastewater treatment devices, exhaust treatment devices the of
staff cafeteria and noise controlling devices of diesel generating set room.
(3) Cooperate with environmental protection governing department to manage, supervise and
monitor the environment.
(4) Cooperate with environmental protection governing department to solve and respond to
environmental spills.
Training
In order to improve management and technical ability of environmental professionals, these
following training has been identified (Table 10-1).
Table 0-1 Training Plan
Training Object                 Training Content             Training Organization
Environmental management related environmental protection criteria for organized by Guangzhou
staff of the facility    construction,   environmental   monitoring EPB
standards,    Guangzhou    environmental
protection  management  rules,  pollution
prevention  methods  during  construction,
management, maintaining and operation of
treatment devices for environmental protection
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring is normally carried out to assess the effectiveness of mitigation
measures during construction and operation, react to unanticipated environmental problems as
early as possible, and confirm environmental impact forecast. An environmental monitoring plan
must be designed to reflect the different phases of the project and identify requirements for
sample collection and analysis, data disposal, and reporting requirements.
It is through environmental monitoring that supplemental environmental protection methods can
be implemented to improve mitigation measures if necessary.
Monitoring Locations
1) Construction Period
The main monitoring factor during construction is noise influence on Fengchi Village and
Nancun Village. Thus, there are 2 construction noise monitoring spots, which are 1 meter outside
of the first row of houses facing the project in Fengchi Village and Nancun Village. The
monitoring frequency is one day every quarter, and two periods including day and night.
2) Operation Period
The main monitoring factors during operation are noise, water quality and vehicle exhaust. Three
noise monitoring locations are proposed at 1 meter beyond the boundary of the facility and two
monitoring locations 1 meter outside of the first row of houses facing the project in Fengchi
Village and Nancun Village.
The purpose of water quality monitoring is to confirm the treatment effect of the wastewater
treatment facility. There are 2 water quality spots, including entrance and drainage opening of
sewage treatment devices. The monitoring frequency is one time every quarter.
Monitoring Parameters and Sampling Frequency
Table 10-2 lists the monitoring parameters and sampling frequency and for construction and
operation as follows.
Table 0-2 Monitoring Parameters and Sampling Frequency
Parameter  Monitoring   Sampling   Sampling   Monitoring   Phase     Monitoring
Factor    Frequency    Tirne    Location                  Method
noise   Leq        One daytime 0600-2200 1 meter outside construction  according   to
and    night         of  the  site period,    national
every quarter 2200-0600 boundary,  operation    envirornental
Fengchi      period     monitoring rules
Village, Nancun
Village
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
water quality CODMfl    one day every once/day  inlet and outlet operation    according   to
quarter              of drainage    period    national
environrmental
monitoring rules
Ss
WBOD5
Note: Water quality and noise will be monitored by qualified environmental assessment
and monitoring enterprise, which is commissioned by the constructor. Guangzhou EPB will be in
charge of supervision and conduction.
Monitoring Data Analysis and Management
Environmental monitoring data of this project is important for future environmental management.
It can determine whether future environmental quality changes are as predicted. In order to
provide the scientific basis for establishing or amending environmental management methods, it
will be necessary to establish file management and database management of environmental
monitoring data, and compile analysis and assessment report of the environmental monitoring
results. The detailed requirement as follows:
1) Report Content: original data (including parameter, monitoring location, monitoring time, and
environmental conditions) statistical data analysis and assessment of environmental quality, and
authorizing signature.
2) Report Frequency: submitting one comprehensive report every quarter, and one overall report
every year.
3) Report Submission
Reports will be submitted to the Guangzhou EPB, the World Band and the constructor. Copies
will be sent to the environmental impact assessment group who carried out the assessment of the
facility.
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Summary and Conclusions
Justification for the Project
The public transit system of a city is an important part of its traffic and transportation system.
Buses are very important in the traffic fabric of Guangzhou. In terms of the statistics of
Guangzhou City in November, 1997, there were 4595 public traffic vehicles. According to the
urban planing, by the year 2000, there will be more than 4700 buses in Guangzhou. At present,
maintenance facilities, including those currently under construction, can only service 2400
vehicles. This is far below national and international levels. Scarcity of maintenance facilities
restricts the development of public transportation. In order to improve the situation, it has been
proposed to construct the Longxi Maintenance Depot.
Maintenance at this facility will keep the buses in good condition and reduce their overall exhaust
emissions and noise. The catalytic converter is also inspected and replaced if necessary during
maintenance. Therefore, the construction of the bus maintenance depot is expected to contribute
to the overall reduction of air pollution of the city Centre. The project is a sub-project of
Guangzhou Urban City Centre Transport Project, half of the project is funded by the World
Bank.
Site Selection
The project lies in Fangcun District west of the city centre. Fangcun will become a sub-center of
Guangzhou in the future. It has an area of 42.6km2, and it is separated from the center of
Guangzhou by the Pearl River. The resident population will increase to more than 600,000 in
2010 from 150,000 in this year, and the buses will increase to more than 660. Fangcun has no
maintenance facility yet, and all the buses have to be maintained in the urban centre. If a
maintenance facility is built in Fangcun, it will result in a reduction in the total no-loaded
kilometers driven to and from other maintenance facilities. It will benefit the local vehicles that
will not have to travel across the Pearl River. Thus it will improve the overall traffic situation in
the centre district of the city.
There were three options for selection of the project site. The Longxi site was selected and is the
subject of this environmental assessment. The project site is undeveloped and is temporarily
leased to flower farmers. The farmers will relocate to another area as per their agreement prior to
construction. The Resettlement Plan is the subject of a separate report.
Project Description
The project will consist of. a maintenance workshop, auxiliary workshop, material warehouse,
testing workshop, dangerous goods storage area, cleaning workshop, refueling station and a
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
multi-purpose building. The mechanical equipment of the maintenance workshop is designed to
serve a fleet of up to 800 buses, including related equipment and has 20 engine pits. The
maintenance depot will supply the first, second and third class of maintenance and repair for the
buses in southwest Guangzhou. The 3-story garage can accommodate 232 buses at night. During
the day it will also parking private cars. The refueling station and cleaning workshop will fuel and
clean automobiles.
Scope of the Assessment
From the analysis of emissions from the facility it has been determined that the major potential
impacts associated with the project are related to air emissions, wastewater disposal and noise.
These were analyzed in detail in the assessment. Mitigation measures for these and other concems
were documented in the assessment report.
Existing Environment
Air Quality
Of the five monitored parameters, concentrations of S02, CO, and TSP meet the standard. Those
of the other two pollutants (NMHC, NOx) exceed the standard and criterion. There are few local
sources, the levels indicate the regional air quality problems.
Wastewater
The current drainage of the site is such that water flows from the north or north-east of the project
to Shihu ditch through small field runoff, then to Guangfu river, north to Huadi river, and
ultimately to the Pearl River.
After the construction of the depot, the domestic wastewater and the industry wastewater
will be discharged to the municipal wastewater sewage pipe (under Longxi road) and collected in
the Xilang wastewater treatment plant. The water after treatment at the Xilang plant will be
discharged into Huadi river and eventually to the Pingzhou water way.
Noise
Noise levels at night of all the monitoring locations meet the standard and the daytime noise can
even meet the night standard of II class. The site of the project and its east side and south side are
potted landscape farm, 15m north from the border and 30m west from the border of the project
are private 3-6 stories buildings. Most of these buildings are currently not occupied by residents.
There are no special noise sources nearby. The distance of Longxi Road from the project and the
passing vehicle population is small, causing little influences on the area of the project. Overall,
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
the noise environment quality is considered to be good.
Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures
Air Quality
The predicted result of the emergency standby diesel generator shows that the maximum ground
concentrations of NOx and SO2 are 0.009 mg/mr3 and 0.012 mg/m3 which are only 6.0% and 2.4%
of the standards in worst-case conditions.
The predicted result shows that the maximum ground concentrations of CO, NOx and NMHC
emitted by the vehicles in the parking garage are 1.917 mg/m3, 0.202 mg/m3 and 0.311 mg/m3
which are 19.2%, 134.6% and 194.4% of the standards and criterion under the worst dispersion
conditions. In general, the possibility for worst-case conditions is considered to be very small.
The background values of NOx and NMHC exceed the standard, however it is likely that the
concentrations of NO2 meet the standard, and that the standard will be met with the worst-case
contribution of the project added to the background.
The Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot is planned for the purpose of providing modern high quality
maintenance services for buses. An integral part of the service to be provided will be the
maintenance of the engines with respect to exhaust emissions. Buses will be routinely inspected
so that the emissions can be minimized through maintenance programs.
Planting of vegetation around the project site is recommended as a general measure to improve air
quality.
Oil-bearing exhaust gas from the cooking ranges and gas from the fuel used in the cooking ranges
(propane gas) in staff cafeteria can be respectively led to the top of multi-building by flue, treated
by water membrane filter, and dispersed. Propane was selected rather than diesel to provide fewer
emissions.
Wastewater
Oil and SS of the wastewater can meet the standards (GB8978-1996) after pre-treating in the
project. But CODcr and BOD5 will not meet the standard. The project will pretreat the water on-
site and will not operate the Longxi plant until it is possible to discharge the waste water to the
municipal sewer system and the Xilang treatment wastewater treatment plant. Construction of the
Xilang Wastewater Treatment Facility is imminent. In the event that this facility is not complete
prior to the completion of the Maintenance Facility, a dedicated on-site treatment facility will be
built to meet the same standards as the Xilang facility. This facility has been costed and
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
incorporated into the design of the project. If, as expected, the Xilang facility is operating this
component of the project will be dropped.
Noise
According to the prediction, the noise on all the borders of the project will exceed the standard
during construction and impact the residents living in the first row of buildings facing the project
especially while pile driving. There must be some suitable actions to protect the residents in the
two villages from noise. The period of impacting on the surroundings of construction is one year.
During normal operations, the facility should meet the daytime noise standards at the perimeter,
however the standard may be exceeded, particularly at the south, on the rare occasions when the
emergency generator is in use.
Because of the design change made in the project not to allow bus access at night, the nighttime
noise standard and objective will be met, and the noise levels should be typical of a quiet
residential area.
The noise from the buses at departure time (06:00-08:00) and arrival time (20:00-22:00) is the
impact that requires further mitigative action. The houses to the west will be most affected by the
buses on the ramp between floors of the garage, particularly at night when they are climbing the
10% grade of the ramp. Potential mitigation includes:
-  using sound absorbing material on the inside walls of the ramp area,
*  requiring drivers to maintain the appropriate gearing and speed for the ramp and strictly
enforcing good driving practices for the bus drivers,
*  strictly scheduling the filling of spaces within the garage so that the buses themselves act as
noise barriers,
*  requiring routine noise measurements on all buses using the facility with mandatory
maintenance if thresholds are exceeded,
monitoring the noise levels at the houses opposite the ramp and requiring further mitigation
including, for example, raising the walls on the outside of the ramp or enclosing the end if the noise
from the facility ever exceeds the Class IV standard.
*  Preventing construction of any additional housing in the Class IV lands adjacent to the
project.
*  Provide noise control training for all staff at the depot.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Management
The Guangzhou Public Utility Bureau and the principal owner of the Guangzhou Municipal
Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot project will be responsible for the environmental management of
the project. Its engineering department has 4-5 professional staff for environmental protection (at
least 2 engineers or higher professional) for overall execution of environmental management.
Guangzhou EPB will oversee the implementation.
Environmental monitoring is normally carried out to assess the effectiveness of mitigation
measures during construction and operation, react to unanticipated environmental problems as
early as possible, and confirm environmental impact forecast. An environmental monitoring plan
has been designed to reflect the different phases of the project and identify requirements for
sample collection and analysis, data disposal, and reporting requirements.
In order to improve management and technical ability of environmental professionals, a training
program has been identified. The environmental management procedures are further detailed in a
separate Environmental Action Plan (EAP). The EAP details the environmental protection
procedures, responsibility for their implementation, and the associated costs.
Public Participation
Public participation for this project involved two methods - a survey and a public meeting, to
determine opinions of people and businesses and in the area of the proposed facility. The focus of
the public participation was Haibei Village, Longxi Village and relevant departments of the local
governments. The public participation group was made up of 5 staff appointed by the
environmental assessment institute of the Guangzhou Environmental Scientific Research Institute
and 3 staff appointed by the constructor, the Guangzhou Public Works Bureau. The public
participation group surveyed 83 local villagers and business staff. The group undertook the
above-noted public participation activities between February 2 and February 12, 1998.
The group, supported and assisted by local Guangzhou Fangcun District EPB, held a public
meeting with delegates of the Haibei Village Committee on Feb. 12, 1998, A total of 19 persons
were consulted including 3 persons from the Guangzhou Fangcun District EPB, leaders and
villagers from Haibei Village and Longxi Village, as well as, managers and staff of the Xiangyun
Flowers Farm and the Maolin Flowers Farm.
Summarizing the various opinions resulting from the survey and public meeting, it can be
concluded that the local people and business have no strong opposition to the project. The people
who participated felt that the project would speed development of the area and increase
employment opportunities for surplus country labour.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Conclusion
The construction of the Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot will benefit the ability of Guangzhou to
maintain its bus fleet, which is an important component of traffic management for the city. The
fact that the air quality of the site, located in the rural suburb of Guangzhou has levels of
hydrocarbons above the nominal criterion emphasizes the need for improved maintenance of
vehicles in the region. The development is considered to be compatible with future land-use in
the area and is thought to be a positive development by local officials. Residual impacts of the
project are small, consisting primarily of the noise impacts associated with the arrival and
departure of the bus fleet in the evening and morning hours, respectively. These impacts can be
successfully managed by the Depot staff, and the success of this control will be enhanced by strict
training in and enforcement of sound environmental management principles.
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
Annex 1 Main Plants List of Longxi maintenance spot and Surrounding Area
1. Potted Landscape Plants
(1) Cormona microphylla
(2) Serrissa foetida
(3) Adina rublila
(4) Ligustrum sinense
(5) Rhododendron molle
(6) Aglaia oderata
(7) Murraya paniculata
(8) Segeretia theezana
(9) Ficus microcarpa
(10) Ficus Benjanmina cv.Lvariegata]
(11) Ficus Benjanmina
(12) Ulmus parvifolia
(13) Celtis sinensis
(14) Bougainvillca glabra
(15) Crassula protulacea
(16) Podocarpus macrohyllus
(17) Araucaric heterophylla
(18) Cycas revolua
(19) Scheffera octophylla
2.Flowers
(1) Michelia alba
(2) Michelia figo
(3) Opuntia dillenii
(4) Zygocactus truncatus
(5) Begonia maculata
(6) Camellia japonica
(7) Prunus persica
(8) Rosa chinensis
(9) Jasminum sambac
(10) Chrysanthemun morifolium
(11) Peaonia saffruticosa
(12) Paeonic trollioides
(13) Magnolia sinensis
(14) Cymbidium sinense
(15) Cymbidium ensifolium
3.Fruit Trees, Ornamental and Road Fruit Trees
(1) Lagerstroemia speciosa
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Longxi Bus Maintenance Depot. GuangzhouEnvironmental Impact Assessment
(2) Psidium guajava
(3) Syzygium jambos
(4) Eucalyptus citriodora
(5) Sterculia nobilis
(6) Gossaampinus malabarica
(7) Aleurites moluccana
(8) Eriobotrya japonica
(9) Acacia mangium
(10) Bauhinia blakeana
(11) Casuarina equisetifolia
(12) Ficus elastica
(13) Ficus lacor
(14) Ficus retusa
(15) Citrus inensis
(16) Citrus reticulata
(17) Clausena lansium
(18) Litchi chinensis
(19) Eupboria longan
(20) Mangifera indica
(21) Roystomea regia
(22) Archontophoenix alexandrae
4.Vegetables and Edible Melon
(1) Brassica oleracea
(2) Brassica aloglabra
(3) Brassica chinensis
(4) Brassica parachinensis
(5) Nastutium officinale
(6) Luffa acutagula
(7) Benincasa hispida
(8) Var.chieh-qua
(9) Momordica charantia
(O) Citrullus vulgaris
(11) Carica papaya
(12) Lycopesicum esculentum
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