Public Disclosure Authorized Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Building a Better Tomorrow A Life Skills and Employability Skills Public Disclosure Authorized Training Public Disclosure Authorized YOUTH WORKBOOK LEARNING THEME 1: EXPLORING MY WORLD, YOUR WORLD, OUR WORLD Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK GROUP WASHINGTON, DC 2016 1|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Disclaimer, rights and permissions This work is a product financed by The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail : pubrights@worldbank.org The training content of the Youth Workbook’s twenty modules was contributed to by World Bank consultants Ryan Novack and Katharine N. Cottrell, the LightHouse Coach SARL, and Dr. Anne Genin. These modules were developed as parts of the life and employability skills training and in the framework of a nation-wide youth volunteerism program in Lebanon sponsored by the World Bank Social Protection and Labor Global Practice and the State and Peace-Building Fund. The National Volunteer Service Program, into which the training is integrated, is implemented under the stewardship of the Lebanese Ministry of Social Affairs and in partnership with NGOs, academic institutions, and the private sector. 2|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Table of Contents MODULE 1.1: IDENTITY, VALUES, AND ASPIRATIONS ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Learning Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 5 Handout 1.1: Identity Chart ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.1.2 Reflection ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1.3 Activity: What Are My Thoughts? ......................................................................................................... 7 1.1.4 My Hero .................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.5 Activity: Plan for Your Trip ................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.6 Activity: Conflict .................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.7 Learning Journal ................................................................................................................................... 12 MODULE 1.2: ENCOUNTERING THE OTHER/ FOSTERING EMPATHY ...................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Learning Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.2.2 Activity: Difference and Discrimination ........................................................................................... 13 1.2.3 Activity: Discrimination Leads to Conflict ........................................................................................ 14 Handout 1.2.1 - Illustrating Difference ....................................................................................................... 16 Handout 1.2.2 - Similarities in Difference .................................................................................................. 17 Handout 1.2.3 - Reflect On Difference ......................................................................................................... 18 1.2.4 Activity: Making a Difference by Promoting Similarities .............................................................. 19 1.2.5 Learning Journal ................................................................................................................................... 20 MODULE 1.3: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................... 21 1.3.1 Learning Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 21 1.3.2 Reading: The Vocabulary of Conflict Resolution ............................................................................. 21 1.3.3 Activity: Scenarios ................................................................................................................................ 22 1.3.4 Activity. You Are In Charge .................................................................................................................. 23 1.3.5 Activity: Potential Benefits of Conflict .............................................................................................. 24 Handout 1.3.1 Organizing My Skit ............................................................................................................... 25 1.3.6 Communication: One-Way Map .......................................................................................................... 26 1.3.7 Exit Ticket - Reflection ......................................................................................................................... 27 1.3.8 Learning Journal ................................................................................................................................... 27 MODULE 1.4: VALUING DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES AND IDENTIFYING WIN-WIN APPROACHES ..................................................... 28 1.4.1 Learning Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 28 1.4.2 Think About It ....................................................................................................................................... 28 1.4.3 Reading - Win-win Approaches .......................................................................................................... 28 3|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.4.4 Activity: Win-Win, Win-Lose, Lose-Win or Lose-Lose? ................................................................... 29 1.4.5 Activity: Everyone Wins ....................................................................................................................... 30 1.4.6 Reading: Steps for Developing Win-Win Approaches .................................................................... 30 1.4.7 Reflection: In Your Own Backyard ..................................................................................................... 31 1.4.8 Activity: Challenge ................................................................................................................................ 32 Handout 1.4.1: “”Orange You Glad” – This is just a game. ........................................................................ 33 1.4.9 Learning Journal ................................................................................................................................... 35 MODULE 1.5: CULTIVATING A SENSE OF BELONGING & ACCOUNTABILITY ............................................................................. 36 1.5.1 Learning Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 36 1.5.2 Activity: My Community and Me ......................................................................................................... 36 1.5.3 Activity: Goal-Setting for Your Future Self ....................................................................................... 37 1.5.4 Reading: Why Create a Support System? .......................................................................................... 37 1.5.5 Activity: Building your Cheer Squad .................................................................................................. 38 1.5.6 Learning Journal ................................................................................................................................... 40 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEARNING THEME 1 ...................................................................................................................... 41 4|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World MODULE 1.1: IDENTITY, VALUES, AND ASPIRATIONS 1.1.1 Learning Objectives − You will analyze your own interests, your history and culture in order to understand how these aspects of your life shape and define your values and identities. − You will collaborate with others to identify the identities and values of your community. − You will reflect on how your identities, values, and connection to your community are similar and different from other students in your group. Handout 1.1: Identity Chart Instructions:  Begin by placing your name in the center circle.  On the connection shapes, draw or write the names of the various aspects of your life that make you unique. o For instance, you might consider writing the names of your family members, friends, hobbies, significant events in your life, favorite foods, favorite musicians, etc.  Please be specific and list as many important aspects as you can. Be as creative as you would like, use the back of this page if you need more space, and feel free to decorate this in any way that best represents your identity. 5|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.1.2 Reflection 1. Based on your identity chart, what would you say are the three most important aspects about yourself that make up your identity? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is it about each of these three things that defines you? Why do they define you? How do you use these things on a daily basis to be who you are? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the aspects of your community’s culture that you enjoy or find most significant? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do you think you find these aspects of your culture interesting? How do you interact with these aspects every day and how do they make you feel when you interact with them? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the cultural aspects of your community that many people in the group relate to? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Based on today’s activities, would you say that your community shares your personal values and interests? Explain. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.1.3 Activity: What Are My Thoughts? As a warm-up exercise, think about the things that are on your mind, or the images and ideas that you think about. These might be pressing anxieties, things that you have to finish today, a special person or event that you are excited about, or something like lunch or dinner. Whatever it is, consider what’s in your head. Instructions: Fill out the diagram below by doing the following:  In the head: Draw images OR use words to describe some of the things that are on your mind. This can include things like food, or sports, or movies.  Thought bubbles: In the thought bubbles, write three thoughts, questions, or ideas that you have about the world, people in the world, or just general ideas that come to mind. 7|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.1.4 My Hero So much of our identities and who we are is reflected by those that we admire. By understanding our heroes, we can understand the values and ideas that we hold dear. Instructions: In the spaces below, please share information about someone you greatly admire. Be as specific and detailed as possible in your writing. Summary: Where this person is from, how old this person is and what this person does for a living, or any other information that can best describe this person. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Significance: Why is this person your hero? What are two things this person has done that you admire? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Self-Reflection: How similar are you to this person? What are some things about yourself that you see in this person? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Introspection: What are some changes you’ll have to make or some efforts you’ll have to put in place to be more like this person? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.1.5 Activity: Plan for Your Trip Sentimental connection to items in our lives are important glimpses into our identities. What we keep says a lot about who we are. Imagine you are leaving home for one year. You have already packed all of your clothing, and necessities, but now you have to fill one suitcase full of stuff that will remind you of home. What are some items you would bring with you? Why would you bring these items? What are their symbolic or sentimental meaning? Instructions: In the suitcase below, draw or list all of the items you would bring with you on this year- long trip. Once you are done, briefly explain the significance of these items and why you chose to include them in your suitcase. In the space below, please describe the significance of the items you included in your suitcase. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9|youthindev.org Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.1.6 Activity: Conflict While you are on your trip, or as you make your way through the journey of life, you are bound to disagree with people. Conflict is an inevitable event in any relationship, community, or society. However, the ways in which we resolve conflict is what is important. By engaging in conflict in a productive fashion, we can come to new understandings about the people around us, different perspectives on many different topics, and we can reach a new level of understanding and empathy to help us become better citizens and people. You will have further opportunities in the upcoming modules to engage in conflict resolution, but for now, we are interested in understanding how you have viewed and engaged with conflict in the past. Instructions: In the space below consider the questions and answer them with as much detail as you feel comfortable divulging. Can you remember a time in your life when you experienced disagreement or conflict? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How did you respond to this conflict? In other words, did you get angry? Did you become silent? Did you go on a walk? Since that incident, what have you learned about conflict which would explain why you responded that way? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How differently would you respond if you could do it all over again? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Why would you make these changes? 10 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 11 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.1.7 Learning Journal At the end of each hour-long module you will have the opportunity to write your thoughts on what you learned and what to remember from the session. Please write your own personal reflections below: - The plus symbol is for you to write something you enjoyed from the session. - The question mark is where you should write a question or questions that you still have. - The triangle (or delta) is where you should write what you did not like about the session or changes that you recommend for future sessions. 12 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World MODULE 1.2: ENCOUNTERING THE OTHER/ FOSTERING EMPATHY 1.2.1 Learning Objectives − You will understand some of the reasons why people discriminate against others. − You will analyze preconceived notions that you have about differences within your community. − You will consider how finding similarities in people can foster understanding and empathy. − You will consider how you can be an active promoter of empathy and an agent of change within your personal and local communities. 1.2.2 Activity: Difference and Discrimination There are many reasons why people are considered “different.” Too often, when a person is deemed “different”, they are unjustly discriminated against and barred from participating in many aspects of society. Below you will find a list of reasons why people discriminate. Instructions: Take some time and organize the following items by placing them in the list on the right showing what you see as the #1 reason people discriminate against others all the way to the #10 reason people discriminate against one another. Reasons People Discriminate Your list Race Religion Income Gender Ethnicity Clothing Height Weight Physical ability 13 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.2.3 Activity: Discrimination Leads to Conflict Discrimination can lead to many different kinds of conflicts. Some discriminatory practices and thoughts can lead to large conflicts, such as war, discriminatory legislation and physical fights. Other discriminatory practices can lead to more personal conflicts such as loss of opportunity for success, broken families, hurt feelings, and general sadness. We want you to think about the effects discrimination can have on people, communities, and the world. Instructions:  Take a look at the different types of discrimination below.  Take some time and put a checkmark next to all of the types of conflicts that can arise from that particular type of discrimination.  In order to add your voice to the conversation, please try and fill in the blank sections to discuss any conflicts that we might not have been mentioned. Racial Discrimination Religious Discrimination Income-Based Discrimination Types of conflicts caused by this Types of conflicts caused by Types of conflicts caused by this type of discrimination: this type of discrimination: type of discrimination: o Discriminatory legislation o Discriminatory legislation o Discriminatory legislation o Physical fights o Physical fights o Physical fights o Economic discrimination o Economic discrimination o Economic discrimination o Lack of financial o Lack of financial o Lack of financial opportunity opportunity opportunity o Lack of social opportunity o Lack of social opportunity o Lack of social opportunity o Sadness o Sadness o Sadness o Wars o Wars o Wars o Family conflicts o Family conflicts o Family conflicts o ______________ o ______________ o _____________ o ______________ o ______________ o _____________ Gender Discrimination Ethnic Discrimination Discrimination Against Clothing Types of conflicts caused by this Types of conflicts caused by type of discrimination: this type of discrimination: Types of conflicts caused by this o Discriminatory legislation o Discriminatory legislation type of discrimination: o Physical fights o Physical fights o Discriminatory legislation o Economic discrimination o Economic discrimination o Physical fights o Lack of financial o Lack of financial o Economic discrimination opportunity opportunity o Lack of financial o Lack of social opportunity o Lack of social opportunity opportunity o Sadness o Sadness o Lack of social opportunity o Wars o Wars o Sadness o Family conflicts o Family conflicts o Wars o _____________ o _____________ o Family conflicts o _____________ o _____________ o _____________ o _____________ 14 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Discrimination Based on Discrimination Based on Discrimination Based on Weight Height Accent Types of conflicts caused by Types of conflicts caused by Types of conflicts caused by this this type of discrimination: this type of discrimination: type of discrimination: o Discriminatory legislation o Discriminatory legislation o Discriminatory legislation o Physical fights o Physical fights o Physical fights o Economic discrimination o Economic discrimination o Economic discrimination o Lack of financial o Lack of financial o Lack of financial opportunity opportunity opportunity o Lack of social opportunity o Lack of social o Lack of social opportunity o Sadness opportunity o Sadness o Wars o Sadness o Wars o Family conflicts o Wars o Family conflicts o _____________ o Family conflicts o _____________ o _____________ o _____________ o _____________ o _____________ Discrimination Based on Is There A Type of Disability Discrimination We Missed? Types of conflicts caused by this type of discrimination: o Discriminatory legislation o Physical fights o Economic discrimination o Lack of financial opportunity o Lack of social opportunity o Sadness o Wars o Family conflicts o _____________ o _____________ 15 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Handout 1.2.1 - Illustrating Difference Instructions: 1. Draw a picture of your partner in the space below, making sure to be as detailed as possible.  Be sure to focus on certain details such as clothing, hair, facial features, etc.  You are not expected to be an artist, but do your best to detail the person. 2. Once you are done with the picture, please label the features or aspects of this person that are different from you by drawing an arrow from these things and explaining what they are.  For instance, you might notice that this person has different color hair from you, in which case, draw an arrow from the hair in the drawing and write “different color hair.” 16 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Handout 1.2.2 - Similarities in Difference You have identified the differences between you and the person whom you have drawn earlier. Now, we would like you to identify some similarities between you and this person. ● Physical: List 5 physical features that you and the person in the drawing above share. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ● Actions: Now, please go and talk to this person and ask them what activities they enjoy. When you are done, write down 5 activities that you and this person in the drawing above have in common? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ● Love: Now, please ask this person what they love. This can include anything from food to their families. When you are done, write down 5 things that you and this person in the drawing above share? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ● Entertainment: Please ask this person what kind of entertainments they prefer. For instance, you might ask them about their favorite music, movie, television show, book, play, etc. When you are done, write down 5 things that you and this person in the drawing above share. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 17 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Handout 1.2.3 - Reflect On Difference How did it feel to talk to this person that you perceived as being different from you? Were you intimidated? Scared? Angry? Explain your feelings as you were planning to talk to this person. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How did you feel after you talked to this person? Did anything change from when you were drawing them? Explain how (or if) your feelings about this person changed as you were talking to them. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What are the most important similarities you have with this person? Why are they so important? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Now that you know that you have things in common with this person, what larger life lessons did you learn about difference and different cultures and ideas? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 18 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.2.4 Activity: Making a Difference by Promoting Similarities You have just come up with ways to identify similarities in people who have often been deemed “different.” Instructions: Now think of ways that you can be proactive in teaching others how to be empathetic by seeking similarities and trying to understand others. Do: What are some things you can do in your personal community (friends, family, classmates, etc.) to promote the idea that difference is not a negative thing? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Say: What are some of the things that you can say to people in your local community (neighborhood, village, etc) when you see them discriminating against someone who is deemed different? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Live: How can you live a life that embraces difference and promotes empathy toward people who are different? Think of specific things you can do on a daily basis that can make you more empathetic and understanding. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 19 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.2.5 Learning Journal Please write your own personal reflections below. 20 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World MODULE 1.3: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1.3.1 Learning Objectives − You will understand the relevant vocabulary in relation to conflict and conflict resolution. − You will reflect on national, world-wide, and personal conflicts to understand how they are resolved. − You will understand the potential benefits of conflict, and how it can lead to a better relationship through conflict resolution. 1.3.2 Reading: The Vocabulary of Conflict Resolution In order to better understand conflict, it is important to become familiar with the vocabulary of how conflicts are resolved. This way, when you are figuring out how to solve a conflict, you can understand the different options. Instructions: Below are common methods of solving conflicts. Read through the terms and then try your best to match them with the scenarios below trying to identify which resolution strategy was used in each conflict. COMMUNICATE Communicating is a way to use language, listening and understanding to resolve a conflict. NEGOTIATE A negotiation takes place when people engaged in a conflict decide to discuss what each of them wants out of the resolution, and they compromise until each of them are happy. MEDIATE Sometimes people want to resolve their conflict, but they cannot come to a meaningful negotiation. If so, they ask somebody to communicate for them in order to come up with a good resolution. That person is called a mediator. He or she mediates the conflict by helping the people work it out. The mediator does not tell the people what to do; he or she helps them decide for themselves. ARBITRATE When someone solve people's problems for them, then he or she isn't called a mediator, but an arbitrator. When people ask an arbitrator to help them, they must agree to do whatever the arbitrator suggests. LITIGATE When people cannot work out their conflict themselves, and they do not want to use an arbitrator or a mediator, they can choose to get a lawyer and go to court where a judge will help to figure out their resolution. The lawyer tries to convince the judge (who is similar to an arbitrator) that their client is right. The judge then decides who is right, who is wrong, and they set the terms of the resolution. LEGISLATE To legislate is to make something the law or a rule. Some kinds of conflicts cause people to try to change laws or rules so the problem will not happen again. 21 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.3.3 Activity: Scenarios 1. Sandra and Elizabeth are arguing because Sandra borrowed Elizabeth’s car and put a dent in the side of it. They walk away from the argument angry and do not talk for three days. Sandra decides to talk to Elizabeth and she apologizes for denting the car. Elizabeth explains that, while her car is no longer in perfect condition, she understands that accidents happen. Sandra decides to pay Elizabeth as much money as she can, and promises to take her to dinner early next month. What kind of resolution is this? : _____ 2. Leyla and Fred are getting a divorce and they cannot figure out who will keep the house and who will keep the car. Fred insists that he should have both the house and the car. Leyla says that she needs the house, but that Fred can have the car. They decide to hire an attorney and they all go to court. After listening to the two arguments from Fred and Leyla, the judge decides that Leyla can keep the house and Fred can keep the car. What kind of resolution is this? : _____ 3. The government passed a law saying that only a small amount of refugees are allowed into the country. What kind of resolution is this? : _____ 4. Yolanda and Khalil each owns a business in the same building. Yolanda owns a nice restaurant, which is on the ground floor. Khalil owns a nightclub, which is on the floor above Yolanda’s. Every night, the loud music from Khalil’s nightclub rattles the walls of Yolanda’s restaurant, which bothers the customers. As a result, Yolanda has lost a lot of customers. Yolanda asks Khalil to turn the music down, but Khalil refuses. Considering that they cannot come to an agreement, they hire a third person to research the problem and to come up with a solution for them. This third person finds out that, if Khalil installs sound-proofing, Yolanda will not be bothered by his noise, and they can both carry on with their businesses, and both be successful. Khalil is not happy about the price that he will have to pay, but he must abide by the judgement of this third person. What kind of resolution is this? :______ 5. You and your friend are at the bakery, and you both want to buy a mini-cake to take to another friend’s birthday party. The bakery only has one mini-cake left. They do, however, have a dozen cookies that also look very good. You and your friend both know that the mini-cake is the best- baked goods to bring to the party, and you are both disappointed that you cannot each bring a one. You and your friend decide that you will each bring a variety of cookies to the party, and then you will share the cost of the mini-cake and tell your friend that it is from both of you. What kind of resolution is this? :______ 6. The president of your country and the president of the neighboring country are in a conflict about illegal guns that are being smuggled across the border. As a result of this illegal smuggling, there is violence and crime. The two presidents meet to discuss how they can stop the illegal gun smuggling. They come to an agreement that, in order to help police the trafficking of guns, your country will give money to the neighboring country to help them hire more police. The neighboring country will be responsible for policing their borders and keeping smugglers from coming over. What kind of resolution is this? ______ 22 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.3.4 Activity. You Are In Charge Instructions: You have identified the conflict resolution methods that exist. Now take some time to think about how you would resolve these conflicts if you were in charge.  From the scenarios above, please identify whether these are world-wide, community, or personal conflicts.  Using the vocabulary of conflict resolution, which conflict resolution method(s) would you use to help solve these different types of conflicts? Word-wide conflicts: World-Wide conflict you chose from above:  Possible conflict resolution methods from the above vocabulary list that you would use to solve this conflict:    … Community conflicts Community conflict you chose from above:  Possible conflict resolution methods from the above vocabulary list that you would use to solve this conflict:    … Personal conflicts Personal conflict you chose from above:  Possible conflict resolution methods from the above vocabulary list that you would use to solve this conflict:    … 23 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.3.5 Activity: Potential Benefits of Conflict While many conflicts result in hurt feelings, loss of life, or damaged relationships, when a conflict is resolved, there is usually a larger understanding that comes from it. In many cases, resolving a conflict has resulted in a better relationship between nations, businesses, and people. Instructions: Think about conflicts that you are familiar with or conflicts that you have experienced. What were some good things that came from that conflict? Describe the conflict: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Using one or more of the above vocabulary of conflict resolution, describe how the conflict was resolved: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How was the relationship improved as a result of the resolution of this conflict? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 24 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Handout 1.3.1 Organizing My Skit You are going to write a play illustrating the emotions and attitudes that you identified in the Graffiti Wall section of today’s training session. Please do not worry, this skit is not meant to be a large production, and you will not be judged on your acting ability, but it will be a fun way to understand today’s important ideas. Instructions: Your group will write a brief, 2 minute skit or play (this can be in the form of a skit, an advertisement, a soap opera, a music video, or any creative way that you decide is the most useful way to get your message across) where you will illustrate your particular topic. Example: Write an advertisement “selling” the top 2 attitudes to use while resolving a conflict. Why should somebody “buy” these attitudes? Group’s Topics: ○ Group 1: Write a brief skit showing how each of the 2 attitudes that were identified, are often displayed in conflict situations. ○ Group 2: Write a brief skit showing how the 2 attitudes (listening, compromising…) are useful for managing conflicts. ○ Group 3: Write a brief skit showing how the 2 attitudes (calling names, hitting…) are not useful in a conflict. Essential Parts of Your Skit: You can do any type of skit you want, but please make sure to include the following aspects into whatever type of performance you choose to enact. ○ Part 1: The narrator should explain the attitudes and the context of the skit. ○ Part 2: The actors should act out the skit. ○ Part 3: The narrator should explain the following: ■ Group 1: Why this attitude is often displayed in conflict. ■ Group 2: Why this attitude is so useful in conflict. ■ Group 3: Why this attitude is not useful in conflict. Group Roles: Within your own group, you can choose any role you would like; here are some suggestions. ○ Writers/Scribes: Write the script. ○ Artists/Set Designers: Design any props, costumes or set pieces. ○ Narrator: Explain the context of the skit to the larger group. 25 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.3.6 Communication: One-Way Map Communicating thoughts and feelings in a positive way during a heated conflict is often difficult. The following map will help to guide you along the process. It is important to learn which signs to look for and to understand a few “rules of the road” in conflict management. Rules of the Road: No "You" statements. Use statements that begin with the word "I". Do not use statements that include the word "you," because these statements make people feel defensive. Slow. Remember, it takes time to settle a conflict. Go slow at first, because conflict resolvers usually encounter some rough roads in the beginning. Keep using your I-way map to reach safer roads Detour Ahead. Sometimes tempers are flaring so much that it may be necessary to take a temporary detour from the communication I-way. Once the tempers have calmed down, you may begin using I- statements to solve the problem. Exit Ahead. Most conflicts can be resolved through effective communication. However, if you begin to feel threatened or unsafe, you should exit the communication I-way and seek safety. Construction Zone. Construct an I-way statement by following these directions: − use the word "I" − state how you feel − state the specific behavior that you do not like − state your willingness to cooperatively resolve the problem Merge Ahead. After using properly constructed I-way statements, individuals can begin to share ideas for how to solve the problem. Often, the best solution is reached when two people merge their ideas together. End of Construction. After reaching a solution that the two individuals agree will work, they can resume normal activities. 26 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.3.7 Exit Ticket - Reflection Write about the following reflection question on a Post-It Note, and then stick it to the Graffiti Wall on your way out: Reflection Question: How will you manage your emotions and attitudes in the future in order to engage in a useful, productive conflict resulting in understanding and a sense of compromise? 1.3.8 Learning Journal Please write your own personal reflections below. 27 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World MODULE 1.4: VALUING DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES AND IDENTIFYING WIN-WIN APPROACHES 1.4.1 Learning Objectives − You will define what a win-win approach is. − You will propose win-win approaches to various conflicts. − You will reflect on the value that diverse perspectives offer to the solution to a conflict. 1.4.2 Think About It In the first module, you explored your identity. Next, you reflected on the identities of others and how differences can often divide us. If we look closer, however, there are often many things that we also share with those who may seem different from us on the surface. In the third module, you learned about various elements of conflict management. In this module, you are going to be asked to take things a step further and consider how you can move from accepting diversity to embracing it as a tool to assist in managing conflicts and developing creative win-win approaches to these conflicts. Instructions: In the last module, you listed various conflicts at an international level, community level and personal level. Consider the conflicts that you listed at the community level and personal level. Which of these conflicts are conflicts involving people or groups of people? If you did not list any examples of this nature try and think of a few examples now. 1.4.3 Reading - Win-win Approaches A win-win approach is the process of considering the needs of all the people involved in a conflict and developing a solution that addresses as many of these needs as possible. The ideal outcome of a win- win approach is that everyone involved feels that they have won or are better off. This approach recognizes the role that diversity plays in conflicts but also underscores that, through conversations and discussions, different individuals or groups can develop creative solutions that allow everyone to be better off. This approach goes beyond recognizing that diversity exists, it values the different opinions and viewpoints of the different people or groups involved in the conflict. 28 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.4.4 Activity: Win-Win, Win-Lose, Lose-Win or Lose-Lose? Instructions: Read each example and circle the approach that best describes the situation: win-win, win-lose, or lose-lose. EXAMPLE. You are listening to music with your headphones. Your little brother wants to listen to the music too. You say no, but he starts to cry, so you give in Lose-Win and let him use your headphones instead of you. A. The university’s Student Council and the Mus lim Student Union are holding an event on the same day and both want to use the same location. The groups discuss the purpose of their event and one group WIN-WIN WIN-LOSE LOSE- agrees to hold their event in the morning and the LOSE other group agrees to hold their event in the afternoon. B. In a soccer tournament, at the end of each match one player from each team is named the most valuable WIN-WIN WIN-LOSE LOSE- player of the team. LOSE C. A group of workers decide to go on strike because they believe the company is not treating them fairly. This means that the workers do not work. The company loses several contracts because it did not WIN-WIN WIN-LOSE LOSE- meet agreed upon deadlines because its workers LOSE were not producing. The company ends up going out of business and all the workers lose their jobs with the company permanently. D. Two farmers live next to each other. One is a chicken farmer who sells his eggs for a living. The other is dairy farmer who sells the milk for a living. Each week WIN-WIN WIN-LOSE LOSE- they exchange a weekly ration of eggs for a weekly LOSE ration of milk. 29 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.4.5 Activity: Everyone Wins Sometimes with a bit of dialogue between the people involved and some creativity, situations that seem like clear win-lose situations can have win-win solutions. For example, in example C above, it may seem like if one player of the team is named the most valuable player (MVP) of the game, the other team members lose. However, if the MVP gives a speech at the end of the game thanking his team members, coach and fans for his success, perhaps everyone will feel better off. Instructions: For the other situations above that were not win-win situations, brainstorm a list of possible approaches for creating win-win situations: Headphones. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Workers’ strike. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.4.6 Reading: Steps for Developing Win-Win Approaches To develop a win-win approach it is important that all people or groups involved are willing to share, engage in dialogue and are open to the possibility of creative solutions. It also requires that there is mutual respect and that everyone values the needs, opinions and differences of the other people or groups. The goal of a win-win approach is not to change the other person or group but to find solutions that address the concerns and meet the needs of everyone. Sometimes, however, a win-win situation seems impossible. Here are some questions to answer in order to have a chance at a more positive outcome: ● What is the conflict? ● What are the needs or concerns of all the individuals or groups involved? ● What obstacles seem to make a win-win approach impossible? ● How can the obstacles be removed? ● What would be considered a win for each person or group? Is there room for negotiation or adjustment of these wins? ● Are there things that one person or group could offer the other to compensate for the perceived “loss”? ● What win-win approach do you recommend? 30 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World ● What potential outcome would you expect from this approach? 1.4.7 Reflection: In Your Own Backyard Instructions: Identify one conflict or challenge that matters to you and that you listed in the first exercise but to which you believe there is no possible win-win outcome. What is the conflict? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What are the needs or concerns of all the individuals or groups involved? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What obstacles seem to make a win-win approach impossible? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How can the obstacles be removed? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What would be considered a win for each person or group? Is there room for negotiation or adjustment of these wins? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Are there things that one person or group could offer the other to compensate for the perceived “loss”? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What win-win approach do you recommend? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 31 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World What potential outcome would you expect to come from this approach? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.4.8 Activity: Challenge The development of win-win situations requires the involvement of all the parties or groups involved so that the diversity that each person or group brings to the situation can be truly understood and valued. Instructions: Identify someone in your community who is also impacted by the conflict or challenge that you analyzed in your reflection above. Invite them to have a conversation with you about the exercise. What are the needs, concerns, or obstacles that they identify? Did you consider these? What do they think about your win-win approach? Do they have another suggestion? What would it take for you to truly put this approach into action? Would this person be willing to help you? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 32 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Handout 1.4.1: “”Orange You Glad” – This is just a game. Up until this point we have had the chance to define and identify characteristics that make us diverse. In the orange activity, you were divided into 3 groups and you naturally teamed with your group and treated the rest of the teams as “other”. Why was this a problem? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Diversity often divides us because our beliefs, values or viewpoints are different. In many cases we accept diversity but we do not address or discuss it. It is something that continues to divide us. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What are some examples of diversity in your community or your country that tend to divide people more often than unite them? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Pluralism is the philosophy that diverse groups of individuals (race, religion, culture, etc.) should be able to peacefully coexist, if not thrive. Communities that assume a pluralistic view: 1. Actively work to bring together people from diverse backgrounds, cultures, religions, etc. 2. Seek to understand the differences within their community, learning about each other. 3. Respect the identities and commitments of individuals to their religion, culture, beliefs and opinions. 4. Participate in open dialogues around diversity and differences to continuously improve relationships while recognizing that there will not always be agreement. Have you seen examples of or attempts at pluralism in your community? How do you think these behaviors could positively impact a community? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ In conflict management or resolution, sometimes there are winners and sometimes there are losers. In the ideal scenario, those affected by the conflict identify a win-win approach, which considers the needs of all the people involved in a conflict, and develop a solution that addresses as many of these needs as possible. The ideal of outcome of a win-win approach is that everyone involved feels that they have won or are better off. 33 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World How might pluralism help to facilitate win-win approaches and outcomes when conflict arises? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Review how the “orange activity” presented an example of how communicating and discussing each other’s needs could have resulted in a win -win approach to the conflict. Was there a way for all the groups to be successful in this conflict? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 34 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.4.9 Learning Journal Please write your own personal reflections below. 35 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World MODULE 1.5: CULTIVATING A SENSE OF BELONGING & ACCOUNTABILITY 1.5.1 Learning Objectives − You will define the phrase “sense of belonging”. − You will reflect on the power of community, a shared mission and how this creates a sense of belonging, purpose, and accountability. 1.5.2 Activity: My Community and Me Based on work you have done throughout this learning theme, identify one or more community conflicts or challenges that are very important to you and that you have found are important to others as well (especially considering those people that may be different from you)? ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Instructions: Review the following list of values and their definitions. Which of these values are reflected in your selection of challenges or conflicts that matter to you? Check them.  Self-Direction. It is important to be able to think and act independently.  Stimulation. It is important to have a sense of excitement, novelty and challenge in my life.  Hedonism. It is important to experience pleasure and sensuous gratification.  Achievement. It is important to be recognized by others as competent because of my personal success or accomplishments.  Power. It is important to have social status and prestige; I want to have control and dominance over people and resources.  Security. It is important to feel safe and at peace with myself, within my relationships with friends and family and within society.  Conformity. It is important to fit in; I try to behave in a way that is acceptable to others.  Tradition. It is important to respect and accept the customs and ideas that my culture or religion teaches me.  Benevolence. It is important to care about others and behave in a way that ensures their well- being. Have your top values changed since the beginning of the training or did you find that the conflicts or challenges most important to you reflect the values that you communicated at the beginning of this learning theme? Circle one: YES NO Explain.___________________________________________________________________________ 36 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.5.3 Activity: Goal-Setting for Your Future Self As you move forward, you should be thinking about what you want to accomplish and how you will get there. Take a few minutes to reflect on what you have learned about yourself, your community, your role in your community and how this has shaped your aspirations. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ At this point, what career path do you envision for yourself? Do you envision yourself assuming a more activist grassroots approach? Or maybe you envision a more traditional approach of joining a company or institution that has already been established? Or do you see yourself doing something more hybrid, by starting your own institution that addresses a need that you have identified in your community? Check one: ❏ ACTIVISM/GRASSROOTS ❏ TRADITIONAL INSTITUTION ❏ STARTUP COMPANY Why is this the route that you would like to take? Explain this vision for your future. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.5.4 Reading: Why Create a Support System? In this learning theme, you have learned about yourself and others and you have begun to think about the pathway that will allow you to improve your well-being as well as the well-being of others in your community. This is just the beginning. You will continue to explore these ideas in the learning themes to come and will develop skills and an action plan that will help you to realize your aspirations. This process of defining who you want to be and how you want to make your mark on society is not an easy one. Along the way you will be faced with challenges. You have explored yourself and your community. You have come to understand the value of diversity and communication in order to effect change and find solutions to conflict and shared challenges. Moving forward you will find that you will have greater success if you can lean on others in your community, in order to share your successes and your struggles. By sharing openly, you will have a 37 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World stronger sense of belonging and will have the support needed to push ahead. A sense of belonging is not about fitting in, it is about being able to be yourself and feel proud of the unique contributions you make to your community. It is also about feeling that you are supported by your community and accepted for who you are. 1.5.5 Activity: Building your Cheer Squad Instructions: Consider the people in your life that are important to you and that support you. Who do you count on or who knows you well? Check all that apply:  Parent  Grandparent  Sibling  Other family member ________________  Friend  Neighbor  Teacher  Other ____________________ What relationships could you further develop? _______________________ The people that you have identified are going to be your personal cheer squad as you move forward in life. For each person you are going to:  Share your vision for your future in order to strengthen your resolve and build a sense of accountability.  Tell them how they can support you (asking about your progress, listening when things get tough, working with you on a project, etc.)  Ask them about their aspirations and how you can also be of support to them. These are not always easy conversations to have, but they are powerful ones. They will demonstrate to others that you are serious about your future and the future of your community. They will help to strengthen the relationships that you have and maybe give you the tools to develop new relationships, especially if you take the time to learn about and share with others. Once you have had this conversation, take a few minutes to reflect on the process. − How did you feel in the process? − What was challenging? − What was encouraging? − Do you feel a stronger sense of belonging after sharing with this person? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 38 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 39 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World 1.5.6 Learning Journal Please write your own personal reflections below. 40 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEARNING THEME 1 Module 1.1 Browne, K.(2008). “Culture and identity”. Sociology for AS AQA. Pp. 38 -39. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Online. https://www.polity.co.uk/browne/downloads/sample-chapter_2.pdf Cottrell, K. (2011). Child-friendly Spaces: A Guide for Teachers (and Teacher Trainers). Teachers Without Borders Resources. Wikispaces. Online. http://twbonline.pbworks.com/w/page/29955465/Child- Friendly%20Spaces Defining Cultures and Identities. Online. http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm- binaries/45974_Chapter_1.pdf Edwards, J. (2014). Time to teach: How do I get organized and work smarter? Alexandria,VA: ASCD. Ferrara, M. (2016). “Harnessing the power of inclusion”. Conference. StartingBloc Los Angeles. 21 February 2016. Leavy, J. & Smith, S. (2010). Future farmers: youth aspirations, expectations and life choices. Discussion Paper 013. In Hughes, D. (Ed.) Future Agricultures Consortium Series. Online. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/drought/docs/Youth%20Aspirations%20Expectations%20201 210.pdf Morrison Gutman, L. & Akerman, R. (2008). Determinants of aspiration. Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report. Online. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/2052/1/Gutman2008Determinants.pdf Oyserman, D., Elmore, K. & Smith, G. (2012) “Self, self -concept and identity”. In Leary, M.R.& Tangney, J.P. (Eds.). Handbook of self and identity (pp. 69 – 104). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Online. https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/782/docs/handbook_of_self_and_identity_-_second_edition_- _ch._4_pp._69-104_38_pages.pdf Schwartz, S.H. (2006). “Basic human values: an overview”. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Paper. Online. http://segr-did2.fmag.unict.it/allegati/convegno%207-8-10-05/schwartzpaper.pdf Tatum, B.D. (2000). The complexity of identity: “Who am I?” In Adams, M., Blumenfield, W.J., Hackman, H.W., Zuniga, X., Peters, M.L. (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice: An anthology on racism, sexism, anti-Semitism, heterosexism, classism and ableism (pp. 9 – 14). New York: Routledge. Online. http://www.whiteprivilegeconference.com/resources/05-The-Complexity-of-Identity- Beverly-Tatum.pdf Module 1.2 Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (p. 164). New York: Penguin Books. 41 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g Building a Better Tomorrow - Learning Theme One – Exploring My World, Your World, Our World Module 1.3 Biesta, G. J. (2015). Beautiful Risk of Education. Routledge Module 1.4 Eck, D.L. (2006). What is pluralism? The Pluralism Project. Online. http://pluralism.org/what-is-pluralism/ Sherman, S. (2016). “Principles of Transformative Action”. Conference. StartingBloc Los Angeles. 18 February 2016. The Conflict Resolution Network. (2016). The Win Win Approach. Online. http://www.crnhq.org/files/66138/files/CR%2012%20Skills%20TM/PDFs/F%201.%20The%20Win%20 Win%20Approach%202nd%20Ed.pdf While the content of this resource was modified, the page noted that the following should appear on any copies made: “The Conflict Resolution Network, PO Box 1016 Chatswood NSW 2057 Australia Ph. 61 2 9419 8500 Fax 61 2 9413 1148 Email: crn@crnhq.org Web: www.crnhq.org.” Module 1.5 Brown, B. (2012). Brené Brown's Top 4 Life Lessons. Oprah.com. Online. http://www.oprah.com/spirit/Life-Lessons-We-All-Need-to-Learn-Brene-Brown Olsson, C.A., McGee, R., Nada-Raja, S & Williams, S.M. (2012). A 32-Year longitudinal study of child and adolescent pathways to well-being in adulthood. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Online. http://scottbarrykaufman.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Olsson-et-al.-2012.pdf Schwartz, S.H. (2006). “Basic human values: an overview”. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Paper. Online. http://segr-did2.fmag.unict.it/allegati/convegno%207-8-10-05/schwartzpaper.pdf 42 | y o u t h i n d e v . o r g