CPDA IN ITS CONTEXT: CONFLICT & DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH CONSOLIDATING PEACEFUL DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH 68098 In partnership with : CPDA IN ITS CONTEXT: CONFLICT & DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH Consolidating Peaceful Development In Aceh in part due to capacity limitations that have resulted from the conflict. The Multi-Stakeholder Review of Post- Conflict Programming in Aceh (MSR, 2010), which has been endorsed by the national and provincial government, takes stock of Aceh’s post-conflict needs and provides recommendations that can serve as a basis for the development of future strategies to help consolidate peace and promote prosperity in Aceh. The MSR highlights that with special autonomy funds in line, there needs to be a shift in modalities for peace-building work: from large-scale targeted assistance programs to broader-based conflict- sensitive economic development. T This transition will require sustained he peace process has been years without relapse. In the past years, medium-term support from donors in highly successful in Aceh so there has been a rise in local violence order to build government capacity; far. Five years after the signing and criminality in Aceh, a result of pilot innovative approaches that can be of the Helsinki peace deal, weaknesses in informal and formal taken up by government if successful; Aceh has been transformed. Security justice systems. The exclusion of some track successes and failures as well has improved. This has contributed from post-conflict peace dividends and as changing needs and opportunities; to growth and poverty reduction in the post-tsunami reconstruction boom and to build local non-governmental areas that were most affected during has also led to tensions. Confidence in capacity. The CPDA Trust Fund has the conflict. Former combatants have government, essential for sustained been established to provide such given up their arms and have been peace and development, is still lacking, support. accepted into the communities to which they have returned. The vast majority are now working. Special autonomy provisions are now in place. Largely peaceful local executive and legislative elections helped cement political reintegration. Elites and communities continue to support peace, and the peace process is robust. Aceh provides a model and important lessons for many regions emerging from conflict, including other parts of Indonesia. Yet, lasting peace cannot be taken for granted. Challenges remain that will need to be overcome if peace is to be consolidated and development to take root in the province. Globally, only one-half of countries coming out of armed conflict make it through ten 2 CPDA | World Bank Office Indonesia CPDA PROGRAM AIMS CPDA was designed in response to the acknowledgement by national and local governments and donors of the need for a shift from immediate post-conflict assistance to support for longer-run conflict-sensitive development. The program’s strategic objective is to strengthen national and local institutions to support the consolidation of peace and development in Aceh. Specific aims are to: • Build local government capacity for promoting peaceful development through technical assistance and empirically-grounded policy advice Component 1: • Pilot approaches to help vulnerable Building local pro-jects to develop scalable models groups that pose security risks and/ Government for addressing the needs of par- or that were severely impacted by capacity ticularly vulnerable groups who the conflict for later scale-up were affected by the conflict, • Enhance the capacity of who are lagging behind oth- local research organizations ers and/or who present to produce analysis that (potential) security risks. helps guide government The MSR identified three policy-making for conflict- such groups: ‘at risk’ Component 4: sensitive development Building on Aceh’s youth, recently returned • Transfer lessons learned experience IDPs, and female-head- and approaches from Aceh ed households. Funds for application in other Component 2: under this component areas of Indonesia. Component 3: Dealing with key have been earmarked for Policy Advice vulnerabilities a two year, NGO-executed ELEMENTS OF THE PROGRAM ‘Community Rangers Proj- The program finances a platform of ect’, which will provide at-risk activities which are prioritized on an youth in Aceh with skills training annual basis by its Steering Committee. and employment as environmental This platform has four components: stewards. This project will test an in- novative approach to promoting so- Building local government capacity cial integration and environmentally Sustainable peaceful development in improving its budget management, sensitive economic development in a Aceh will require effective and legiti- and through the formulation of local post-conflict context. One hypothesis mate local authorities. If peace is to legislation to implement the provisions that the project proposes to test is be consolidated, service delivery must of the Law on Governing Aceh, as well that providing beneficiaries with jobs improve, trust in government must as through work aimed at improving that involve extensive interaction with increase, and government funds must access to justice and strengthening lo- communities, promote positive values be used in ways that are sensitive to cal conflict resolution capacity. and are likely to translate into collec- Aceh’s distinctive post-conflict needs tive benefits, will result into higher so- and challenges. The program may sup- Dealing with key post-conflict cial integration dividends than regular port the local governments in making vulnerabilities in Aceh vocational training and job creation planning more conflict-sensitive, by The project will also finance pilot programs. 3 CPDA | World Bank Office Indonesia CPDA PROGRAM No.1/December 2010 Policy advice on post-conflict development in Aceh The program provides ongoing applied research and monitoring to help policy makers. Areas of focus will be determined by local and national authorities, to help ensure that findings reflect the demands and needs of policymakers and that they feed into the policy-making process. Work may include a series of policy briefs, in- depth studies and surveys. In parallel, support is provided to help build local research capacity to undertake these activities. It envisioned that as the program progresses, a growing share of the analytical work will be implemented by local institutions. Building on Aceh’s experience Vast, largely untapped opportunities also exist to learn from the experience Lessons from approaches used in evaluations of interventions targeting of Aceh’s transition to peace. At least Aceh may be applicable to other parts vulnerable groups, both those funded six other provinces went through of Indonesia, and can inform broader through CPDA and others that have large-scale violence in the immediate government strategy for sub-national been implemented in Aceh. The post-New Order transition, and many engagement to prevent violence and program may also fund work outside of these areas remain vulnerable to promote development in post-conflict Aceh that builds on methodologies violence and the reemergence of areas. This component of the program and analysis from Aceh. In addition, conflict. Indonesia also is keen to aims to share lessons learned from the program may finance work that share the lessons of the Aceh peace the Aceh experience for application in seeks to document Aceh’s experience process with neighboring countries other post-conflict areas of Indonesia, for an international audience, such as which have undergone, or are still and to roll out approaches piloted in a short monograph or documentary experiencing, large-scale violence. Aceh to other parts of the country. At film. Within Aceh some things have worked present, three focus areas have been well and others have not worked well. identified. The program may finance The CPDA is a Multi-Donor Programmatic Trust Fund that has been established by the World Bank in January 2010 with financial con- tributions from the Royal Embassy of the Kingdom of the Nether- lands and AusAID. The program will run until the end of 2012. The Fund is open to additional contributions. The program is led by a Steering Committee comprising representatives from the national and provincial government, the Royal Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, AusAID and the World Bank. The World Bank, through its Conflict and Development program, acts as program secretariat and administers the fund. CPDA | World Bank Office Indonesia 4 THE WORLD BANK CONFLICT & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN INDONESIA Consolidating Peaceful Development In Aceh to Bappenas for the formulation of a national conflict prevention strategy, support to the national and provincial governments for the mainstreaming of conflict- sensitivity in regular development processes, and technical assistance to the Aceh government. • Operations to pilot and empirically test conflict prevention and management approaches, and assess their effectiveness and suitability for scale-up by the government. Delivery vehicles include Government of Indonesia projects such as PNPM-Rural and SPADA as well as other development projects. The Conflict and Development (C&D) the factors that help determine program, which acts as CPDA’s different outcomes (violence or • Partnerships to ensure the Secretariat, was established within the peace), other work on the nature sustainability of the C&D program’s Social Development Unit of the World and costs of violence, monitoring empirically-based approach to Bank office in Jakarta in 2002. The C&D of conflict trends, and assessments conflict management. The program program provides an innovative model of the multi-faceted interactions for supporting national and local between development projects has an active capacity-building governments as well as civil society and local conflict dynamics. strategy which enhances the ability in developing conflict management of government, civil society and approaches. The program’s key • Policy engagement to support research organizations to work on national government counterpart is the national government and conflict and development issues. the National Development Planning local governments in using their As the C&D program progresses, a Agency (Bappenas). At the local level, own resources to address and growing share of its analytical and the program also works closely with manage conflict more effectively. advisory work is being transferred the Aceh provincial government. Work includes advisory support to national institutions. All activities are evaluated and documented, and lessons learned are disseminated within and outside of Indonesia. The program has four inter-related elements: • Analytical work to better understand the nature of violence in Indonesia and how it is evolving. Research activities include the flagship Violent Conflict in Indonesia Study (ViCIS) which compares the incidence and impact of violence across Indonesia along with 5 CPDA | World Bank Office Indonesia Five years after the Helsinki peace deal, Aceh continues to need support from its development partners to build on its successful peace process and transition from immediate post-conflict recovery to longer-run conflict sensitive development. For further information, please contact The World Bank’s Conflict and Development Program: The World Bank Satellite Office Jalan Diponegoro No. 72 Ph. 62 21 314 8175 Fax: 62 21 3190 3090 info@conflictanddevelopment.org www.conflictanddevelopment.org In partnership with :