92218 Results in the Latin America & Caribbean Region Results in the Latin America & Caribbean inside front cover Region TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 Contributing to Safer Mobility through Better Institutions in Argentina 66 Creating Employment Solutions for Young Jamaicans in the Virtual Economy 13 Better Water Supply for Northeast Brazil 70 Mexico Moves to a Results-based Procurement System 18 Public-Private Partnership and the São Paulo Metro Line 4 Experience  romoting Productive Uses of Electricity in Rural Areas of Peru: Experiences and 75 P Lessons Learned mproving Fiscal Space through Administrative Reforms: State Pension Reform 22 I in Brazil 79 An Online Platform to Protect Biodiversity in the Western Hemisphere 27 Expanding Rural Infrastructure for Territorial Development in Chile 86 Argentina l ECA: Enhancing Knowledge on Public Works 32 Urban Transport Reform: The Santiago Experience 92 Mexico l Tanzania: Comprehensive Climate Change Planning 37 Colombian Cities: More Livable, Green, and Inclusive  hile l Papua New Guinea: Strengthening Natural Resources Revenue Management 99 C and Lowering Volatility 42 El Salvador Works to Protect Nature and People 105 Brazil l India, Vietnam: Improving Healthcare Waste Management 48 More Classrooms plus Better Trained Teachers equal Better Education for Grenada  cuador l Latin America: Strengthening Public Financial Management Institutions 112 E mproving Prevention and Surveillance of Avian and Human Influenza and other 53 I and Budgeting Zoonoses in Haiti 118 Brazil l Ghana: Public Private Partnerships in Irrigation 57 Increasing Water Supply and Promoting Sanitation and Hygiene in Rural Haiti 61 Supporting Recovery and Reducing Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in Haiti PAGE 2 PAGE 3 FOREWARD A focus on development results is at the heart of the Latin America and Caribbean Region’s ities and the use our convening approach to delivering programs and policy advice with partners in middle-income and low power to support successful part- income countries alike. Through knowledge, convening activities, and financial services we nerships and mobilize additional strive to help people across the region create better opportunities and build a better future resources to finance develop- for themselves, their families and their country. Documenting, measuring and evaluating ment work. results of what we do, helps us and our partners to engage more effectively, learn from our experiences and apply lessons to the design and implementation of future interventions. We hope that our focus on results through integrated services and better monitoring and evalua- This collection of result stories shows our continuous efforts to adopt and integrate technical tion will help countries achieve faster their national development goals. analysis, timely policy advice, and a variety of financial instruments into programs that are aligned with client priorities. Results show the increased demand and the effectiveness of Hasan A. Tuluy peer-to-peer learning, have led to a scaling up our support for South-South exchange activ- Vice President PAGE 4 PAGE 5 ARGENTINA Contributing to Safer Mobility through Better Institutions Creation of the Ibero-American Road Safety Observatory Project This project supported efforts to place road safety on the political agenda in the Latin American and Caribbean region. The project supported the creation of an innovative virtual platform, the Ibero-American Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI), which 22 countries use to exchange experiences and develop statistics to design effective policy solutions. In Argentina, the pilot country for reform, the results were important improvements in road safety indicators. Challenge percent of road-related traffic lizing and reducing the forecast In Latin America and the fatalities even though they are level of road traffic fatalities by Caribbean, traffic accidents are home to only 48 percent of the half, by 2020. This commitment the leading cause of death for world’s registered vehicles. The is expected to save 5 million people between the ages of 15 economic costs of these deaths lives worldwide and 325,000 and 44. By 2020, this fatality range from 1 to 3 percent of lives in the Latin American and guidance to establish quality This project resulted in the collected. This successful rate is expected to increase total gross national product Caribbean region alone. baseline data (the absence of inclusion of Argentina in the knowledge-sharing experience, by approximately 50 percent, (GNP). To address this global which is a key challenge for the widely respected International coupled with Bank assistance to in the absence of targeted public health crisis, in 2011, region) to track progress and Road Traffic and Accident Da- create the Argentine National Solution road safety initiatives. Low the United Nations declared inform subsequent road safety tabase (IRTAD), an aggregated Road Safety Agency (ANSV), The Bank facilitated exchanges and middle-income countries the “Decade of Action for Road policy decisions. database in which international transformed the country into a between Argentina and Spain worldwide experience over 90 Safety,” with the goal of stabi- accident data are continuously model for the region. to give Argentina the necessary PAGE 6 PAGE 7 Results in Argentina, which are indica- use of helmets between 2009 In response to requests from Spain. Follow-up financing provided support from the While it is too early to assess tive of impact that will later be and 2012. other client governments in will implement a regional highest levels of government the impact of this project at the found in the rest of the region as  10 percent reduction in •A the region, the Bank scaled-up Observatory project in the form with particular leadership regional level, it is important well. These include: traffic fatalities (observed efforts to link 22 countries of grants from the Global Road exhibited by Spain, Argentina to note that the collection of  15 percent reduction •A between 2008 and 2010 throughout the region to create Safety Facility (GRSF), a global and Mexico. quality baseline data will be in average driving speed alone), which translates into the OISEVI. The Bank provided partnership program adminis- The Ministry of the Interior • instrumental in determining between 2009 and 2012. a reduction of 492 deaths. financial and technical support tered by the Bank, operational of Spain. progress towards the UN’s goals  50 percent reduction in •A •A  15 percent reduction in to deliver the initial framework supervision budgets of over The International Transport • and also critical at the time drunk-driving rates between fatality rates (number of and web-based platform that US$350,000 from the Bank, and Forum with the Organisation to inform policy decisions in 2009 and 2012. dead per million veh/km) facilitates data transfer, sharing, joint financing from the Spanish for Economic Co-operation Latin-American countries for  43 percent increase in seat •A in selected demonstration analysis and links participating Government’s Ibero-American and Development (OECD); improved road safety manage- belt usage between 2009 corridors between 2010 countries to IRTAD’s resources. cooperation funds (through the essential knowledge-sharing ment. Furthermore, there are and 2012. and 2012. At the regional level, the launch Ministry of the Interior). activities through IRTAD. important intermediary results  19.5 percent increase in the •A of the Observatory ensures the Civil society organizations; • availability of data that will Partners collaboration to place road support regional monitoring The Bank facilitated partnerships safety at the forefront of the and evaluation efforts and will for knowledge-transfer, funding, political agenda. be critical for the design and and political support with the implementation of effective following: Moving Forward results-based programs. The governments of • This is the first project of its kind Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, in the region and will most likely Bank Group Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, lead to subsequent initiatives Contribution Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, using similar models in other A US$50 million Bank Spain, Guatemala, Hon- regions. The GRSF is interested loan assisted the Argentine duras, Mexico, Nicaragua, in replicating this project in government’s creation of the Panama, Portugal, Puerto Africa and Asia. The next phase ANSV and fostered knowledge Rico, Dominican Republic, of this project will serve to utilize sharing between Argentina and Uruguay and Venezuela baseline statistics that now exist PAGE 8 PAGE 9 thanks to the Observatory to measure the region’s compliance and progress towards the UN’s Decade for Action Road Safety indicators and goals. The results of this evaluation and analysis will subsequently guide future road safety efforts in the region and beyond. Beneficiaries Monica Gangemi, who lost her daughter in 2007 to a fatal traffic accident in Rosario, founded the non-profit organization “Com- promiso Vial por Ursula y Carla” “The Observatory is so important. The press uses OISEVI’s data for through which she works to statistics on road safety; they used to use data from a non-profit improve road safety. According because official data didn’t exist. OISEVI helps to explain the logic to Ms. Gangemi: behind the numbers. When do we count the number of victims? Every 30 days? How do we compare to other countries? The OISEVI gives the figures the publicity and legitimacy they didn’t have before, and empowers us as citizens to make demands based on real data.” 3.9 million people in northeast Brazil benefited from new and rehabilitated reservoirs, water conveyance facilities, guaranteeing drinkable water, increased agricultural production from irrigation, institutional reforms, and economic decentralization. PAGE 10 PAGE 11 In addition to the state’s low Decrease vulnerability of • Implement and propagate • BRAZIL levels of human development, poor populations to cyclical more effective water use and providing water to the increasing drought through improve- management technologies, population of Fortaleza Met- ments in the institutional, and education, information Better Water Supply for ropolitan Region was a serious legal and administrative and training of the general Northeast Brazil challenge. The adoption of new water management policies managerial frameworks with emphasis on participatory public and water users aimed at efficient water use, Ceará Integrated Water Project between 1987 and 1996, before management mechanisms. demand management, and the National Water Law (1997), Rehabilitate and construct • reduction of waste. The state of Ceará in northeast Brazil has been improving rural and urban popula- helped make Ceará the pioneer new hydraulic infrastructure Promote improved manage- • tions’ health, resilience and economic conditions since 2000, drawing upon Bank of water resource management aimed at the integrated ment of soil and vegetation funding and expertise. It has one of the most robust water resources management in Brazil. management of river basins. in tributary watersheds to systems in Brazil, considered a pioneer and example. This project benefited 3.9 Develop and consolidate • enhance water conservation, million people with new and rehabilitated reservoirs; water conveyance facilities, The project is the third Bank-fi- sustainable cost recovery, minimize erosion and guaranteeing drinkable water; increased agricultural production from irrigation; nanced project to assist the state management, operation and maximize natural water institutional reforms; and economic decentralization. of Ceará in the implementation maintenance of systems for storage mechanisms. of modern policies, planning, hydraulic infrastructure. Advance the adequate • Challenge Brazil, as the semi-arid climate Reservoirs were the traditional and management tools to Integrate environmental • management of critical Most of the state of Ceará and its recurrent droughts response to droughts for more overcome the impact of recurrent policies with water manage- micro-basins and ground- is in the semi-arid “sertão.” traditionally allowed only than 100 years, but they were droughts. ment policies. water resources, through where mean rainfall is less precarious subsistence farming built and operated in an ad-hoc Stimulate multiple use, • increasing vegetated area, than 800mm per year. and extensive animal grazing. fashion. Until the early 1990s, Approach efficient and shared manage- and controlling run-off and However, rainfall variability These conditions precipitated storage was insufficient and This project sought to ment of ceará’s water re- erosion, developing aquifer is among the highest in the major outward migration. The managed inadequately, without Increase sustainable water • sources through organization management and recharge world, falling mostly in the rapid growth of the Fortaleza integration within or between supplies for multiple uses. and strengthening of river zone plans. first half of the year, while the Metropolitan Region during the river basins, and water distribu- Improve efficiency of the • basin committees and water second half is generally dry. last 70 years was due in large tion was lacking. integrated water resources user associations. Ceará is among the poorest in part to this rural exodus. management system. PAGE 12 PAGE 13 Results Financial sustainability: • data for reservoir operations The project supported improve- The project improved and dam safety rules and ments through several key operation and maintenance procedures, and groundwater outcomes: cost recovery and bulk management plans. Water supply. The project • water distributed by the Innovation and replicable • increased guaranteed state’s newly formed water micro watershed manage- water supply from 10,333.36 company, from 70 percent of ment. From 2000 to 2011, million m3 in 2000 to operations and management recovery of 523 hectares of 1,692.69 million m3 in 2011, costs recovered and 6.92 m3/ degraded area, reforestation from eight reservoirs built by sec in 2000 to 100 percent of 2,949 hectares, recovery the project. of costs recovered and 17.45 and preservation of 1,803 Water security. The project • m3/sec in 2011. hectares of riverine vegeta- increased water for human Innovative management. • tion in four micro watersheds consumption to the Fortaleza The project implemented targeted by the micro Metropolitan Region from new management tools and watershed management pilot 6.62 m3/sec in 2000 to 13.21 strengthened the state’s project within PROGERIRH. m3/sec in 2011 through three water resources management new reservoirs and a river system via permits (from Bank Group basins integration canal. This 2,000 permits in 2000 to Contribution ensures water security for over 5,000 granted in 2011), The original Bank lending was The project increased guaranteed water supply dramatically through building eight new reservoirs. the Fortaleza Metropolitan water tariff policies in all sec- for US$136 million. The Bank Region, which, during the tors, initiation and support provided additional financing of project period, grew from of river basin committees in US$103 million in 2009 to scale about 1 million to 3.6 million all 12 state river basins (with up the activities, bringing the inhabitants. Out of the cur- the creation of nine new total lending to US$239 million. rent 3.6 million inhabitants, committees and 44 reservoir an estimated 6 to 10 percent management commissions Partners are extremely poor. from 2000 to 2011), real-time Bank financing was complement- PAGE 14 PAGE 15 ed with US$492.8 million of and flow rate of 30 m3/s, which state counterpart funds, leading is expected to cover 100 percent BRAZIL to a total project cost of US$730 of water demands for human million over the period of 2000 consumption, industry, tourism to 2011. In addition, the federal and irrigation by 2040. Public-Private Partnership government provided additional funds to complement the inter- Beneficiaries and the São Paulo Metro ventions in the water resources The reservoirs built under the Line 4 Experience sector with construction of dams, project benefited an estimated São Paulo Metro Line 4 Project pipelines and canals for water population of about 300,000 supply and irrigation. in rural areas. Poor rural With Bank support, the state of São Paulo has steadily improved the quality and communities were also benefited long-term sustainability of the public transport network in the São Paulo Metro- Moving Forward by the increase of vegetated politan Region. By interconnecting the existing subway, commuter rail, and bus Over the past years, the state area, and control of run-off and networks, the 12.8 km underground Metro Line 4, the first phase of which began has become more aware of the erosion in critical micro-basins. operations in 2011, has improved the mobility and accessibility of over 650,000 water quality and sources of The urban population of the passengers per day, most of whom are low-income users. pollution in the reservoirs. More Fortaleza Metropolitan Region attention is being given by the benefited with expanded and Challenge the lack of integration between urban poor faced high fares, Government to water quality more reliable water supply. The In recent years, São Paulo’s the Metro and the suburban an overly crowded commute issues, including through a more project assures water supply peripheral areas have attracted trains has discouraged more at peak hours, and long and integrated planning of land and during drought periods to the new residents, but they have rail trips in favor of buses and inconvenient journeys to and water use at the basin level and Fortaleza Metropolitan Region, struggled to generate stable automobiles, thereby creating from work (2.5 hours/day) broader intersectoral coordi- with an estimated beneficiary employment growth—resulting heavy congestion during peak from the peripheries to the nation. The Ceará government population of 3.6 million, of in unequal wealth distribution hours, significantly increasing urban centers. is also now working on the which an estimated 6-10 percent and lack of access to job travel times, and contributing design of the Ceará Water Belt, a are extremely poor. opportunities. Despite an heavily to atmospheric pollu- gravity-fed conveyance system of Solution existing 270 km rail network, tion and fuel consumption. The approximately 1,300 km length The Metro Line 4 Project was PAGE 16 PAGE 17 designed to address the need rectly served by its stations, but are among the poorest areas. As 2012), Line 4 is among the 100 from 16 percent in 2001 to established by a consortium for new public transportation also attracts a significant number a result, Line 4 is a tremendous most innovative infrastructure 19.3 percent in 2011. This of private companies and a infrastructure, while protecting of users from the underserved advancement in the accessibility projects in the world. The proj- increase is a significant turnkey contract signed in the city from cost escalation and periphery of the city. Because of jobs, health, and education ects were selected by specialists achievement considering the 2003 for the construction of operating subsidies. This was of the good connection between centers for residents from the based on their scale, feasibility, rapid growth in motorization civil works achieved with the innovative Line 4 to the rest of the public low-income communities on São complexity, innovation and during this period that is use of turnkey and concession transport network and employ- Paulo’s periphery. impact on society. Through its highly correlated to rising Bank Group contracts to the private sector. ment centers in the central and focus on decreasing congestion incomes. Contribution As a link between the suburban western parts of the city, 20 and improving accessibility • Line 4 greatly improved The Bank provided a loan of Results railway and the Metro network, percent of the trips on Line 4 for the urban poor through travel times, convenience, US$209 million in 2002. Due According to Infrastructure 100: the Line 4 catchment area is not begin in the outer districts of the the engagement of the private and reliability on very to currency devaluation in the World Cities Edition (KPMG, limited to the neighborhoods di- eastern part of São Paulo, which sector, this project has helped heavily traveled corridors. past decade, the Bank provided to support improvements in A trip between Luz Station additional financing of US$95 several key outcomes: (center) and Vila Sonia million in 2008. Over US$15 • The six stations began (western periphery) used million of this loan was for operations gradually to be made only by car on technical assistance for the between May 25, 2010 and congested corridors or by management and oversight of September 15, 2011. Line 4 bus with multiple transfers; the project, as well as financial was moving over 650,000 it now takes 30 percent less and costs studies. passengers per day after one time, on average (between year in full operation with Luz Station and Butantã). Partners a strong growth trend. Few The integration with munic- • The Bank’s US$304 million metro lines in the world ipal and inter-municipal bus loan was complemented by carry as many passengers lines was entirely achieved US$304 million from the per kilometer. on all six stations of Phase 1. Japan Bank for International In part because of Line 4, • The project introduced an • Cooperation (JBIC) and US$922 the share of Metro trips innovative structure with million from the São Paulo state São Paulo’s Line 4 metro is among the 100 most innovative infrastructure in the region increased an operating concessionaire government for the civil works. projects in the world. PAGE 18 PAGE 19 An estimated US$246 million an amount of US$130 million. investment was made by private The state and the private sector BRAZIL sector investors (operating concessionaire are providing concessionaire) in the rolling counterpart funds. stock and systems. In addition Improving Fiscal Space through to jump-starting a public-pri- vate partnership for the Beneficiaries Administrative Reforms: State Pension Reform in Brazil Line 4 benefits hundreds of construction of a new subway thousands of users every day line under a turnkey contract State Pension Reform Technical Assistance Project II with significant reductions in and an operating concession (a travel times—30 percent, on major reform supported by the average, for the most common Building on past government reforms and Bank-supported projects, upgrades project), the project helped to origin-destination pair. As one to state public employee pension registers, public servant censuses and the create the enabling environment user put it, Line 4 reduced his integration of state-level information with national registers were extended to to attract private sector additional states and government branches. At least US$26.2 million in annual travel time by 40 minutes and investment for future projects in potential savings were identified through the detection of incorrect or fraudulent he now leaves his car at home urban transport. during the week. Not only did pension claims. his commute become shorter, Moving Forward but it contributed to reduced Challenge and 2004, the deficit of Brazil’s current pensioners, pension A Bank loan for US$130 million traffic congestion in the city. In the early 2000s, the public pensions totaled at least deficits were still expected to was approved in 2010 for Line There was also considerable fiscal burden associated with 5 percent of gross domestic grow in the following years. Ad- 4 Phase 2, which will complete public support for the expansion publicly funded pensions was product (GDP). ditional changes were needed the 12.8 km line and add five of Line 4 and the Metro system one of the key macroeconomic to improve the fiscal situation, stations for a total of eleven overall, even more so after the challenges facing Brazilian While constitutional amend- but political conditions were stations. This loan was matched success Phase 1. federal and state governments. ments in 1998 and 2003 not suitable for another major by financing from the JBIC for Expenditures within the public reformed significant elements reform of the pension system. sector workers’ pension system of the public pension system, Thus, the government decided often reached 30 percent of the such as minimum retirement to reduce pension deficits total payroll, and between 2000 ages, wage and benefit caps on through improvements in PAGE 20 PAGE 21 2011, pension registries in 89 percent of the public that the states were active in the various branches of 15 states servants whose records were fight against corruption. were upgraded, 43 institutions updated, are in these four states. or branches of state government Management of public sector Bank Group were involved across these pensions is more transparent. Contribution states, and 325,884 public The completion of the cadastre The Bank contributed US$4.71 servants’ records were updated. upgrade exercise included million through a technical For the four states reporting publicity and required all public assistance loan to the project, results at project completion, servants and retirees to re-reg- matched by counterpart funding by December 2011, annual ister and present their records. of approximately US$7.0 potential savings are estimated This contributed to sending a million. The project built upon a at US$26.2 million. In addition, clear signal to all stakeholders series of past projects supporting Between 2000 and 2004, the deficit of Brazil’s public pensions totaled at least 5 percent of GDP. the administration of public mentation required significant to cross-check with the federal pension systems. coordination efforts between the government’s pension database, Social Security Ministry, states’ to identify several types of Solution authorities, and the firms hired irregular claimants, including The project was designed to to carry out the public servant individuals who were reported to extend upgrades of states’ and pensioners censuses and the have died, or who were actively executive branch pension cadastre upgrade process. The linked to multiple positions. registries—funded by the first information obtained through State Pension Modernization the states’ cadastre upgrades Results Project—to additional states and made it possible to verify The project resulted in important Dissemination of Cadastre Upgrade Results in Brasilia – Newspaper Correio Braziliense government branches. Imple- databases and design processes developments. By December (October 2011). On the cover: “Ghost workers had a cost of R$37 million to GDF (Federal District Government)” and article: “Ghost workers removed from their salary.” PAGE 22 PAGE 23 pension reforms. Among others, the resources and expertise these projects included the necessary to undertake such State Pension Systems Reform work independently. Technical Assistance Project and the Municipal Pension Reform Beneficiaries Project, each for US$5.0 million. State governments that partici- pated in the program and were Partners able to validate their pension The project was entirely funded data for public workers benefited by Bank funds. significantly from the project, creating much needed fiscal Moving Forward space through reduction of fraud The realization of potential and corruption. Public officials savings will require states to enrolled in the public employee implement corrective measures pension system also benefited to remove the irregular claim- from having pension funds ants identified in the cadastre analyzed and actuarial problems upgrade, which may include delineated. The eventual removal judicial processes. The govern- of irregular claimants identified ment has informally expressed through this project from the an interest in expanding the pension database will benefit pension registry upgrade to the residents and taxpayers from executive branches of states not participating states by reducing covered in the project. While the unwarranted pension payments Bank will not participate in a and enabling resources to be follow-up operation, it believes channeled into other activities. When developing the concept for the Chile Infrastructure for Territorial Development project, special emphasis was given to low cost, that the government now has self-financing approaches to rural infrastructure interventions closely linked to income generating uses, as a way to maximize the social impact of the investments PAGE 24 PAGE 25 productive and social impacts activities, which bring greater The project supported the • CHILE of existing infrastructure invest- efficiency, complementarity, and mobilization of funds, other ments as identified through a sustainability of services through than the loan proceeds, for highly participatory approach. cross-sectoral service bundling the financing of 27 productive Expanding Rural Infrastructure based on a territorial develop- activities under the program. for Territorial Development Solution The project provided technical ment approach. The project’s approach also offers important Initiatives included studies, training and irrigation. in Chile assistance to develop the concept insights into the process of The project supported the • Infrastructure for Territorial Development Project of territorial development decentralization in Chile, as it preparation of 45 territorial framework plans (planes reflects the importance of the development framework To further the Chilean government’s decentralization efforts and expand rural marco de desarrollo territorial), territorial planning processes, plans (which also identified infrastructure into the highly dispersed and hard-to-reach rural populations, this including the development of participatory approaches, and productive activities) project developed a novel territorial approach, linking the proposed infrastructure the underlying methodology social capital dimensions in covering 185 territories, to its productive use. The project delivered significant benefits to poor indigenous in which the plans are funded. order to tailor the pace and scope plus the financing of 250 communities lacking basic infrastructure and services. More than 45 territorial When developing the concept, of the decentralization process to infrastructure subprojects: particular needs. 158 road subprojects, 65 development framework plans were created, 250 rural infrastructure projects special emphasis was given to low cost, self-financing ap- water subprojects, seven financed, and 27 productive initiatives undertaken. An estimated 320,000 resi- proaches to rural infrastructure Results sewage subprojects, 12 energy dents in rural communities benefited from better and more productive use of the interventions closely linked to The main results achieved subprojects, six information infrastructure and empowerment through increased participation in the decision income generating uses, as a way through this project were: and communication technol- making process. The institutional set-up of the program is now expanding to to maximize the social impact of • The Ministry of Social ogy (ICT) subprojects and include additional regions, with full national coverage expected by the end of 2015. the investments. Development formulated and two port subprojects. adopted the new methodol- The project supported • Challenge to adapt project designs to the the unmet demand of dispersed effective mechanisms to The project shows the increased ogy for the economic evalu- Under the previously existing realities of dispersed popula- rural communities through a guarantee the sustainability impact of multi-sectoral invest- ation of rural infrastructure institutional set-ups and social tions and small settlements. The multi-sector and multi-layered of the investments. ments that provide a full package subprojects to be included and economic evaluation meth- challenge was to put in place institutional setting, focusing of demand-driven infrastructure in territorial development odologies, it was not possible an effective system to attend on the sustainability and the services, linked to productive framework plans. PAGE 26 PAGE 27 In more general terms, the of available institutional Bank Group was also an important part of the Beneficiaries Contribution project contributed to important resources; project’s success, particularly in The project benefited inhabitants The Bank contributed US$50.26 institutional changes, including:  ctively and effectively •A the development of the inte- of the participating rural million in financing towards a Strengthening the coordina- • supporting the improvement grated evaluation methodology. communities. An estimated total project cost of US$90.26 tion of different government of the legal and regulatory Other important partners were 320,000 people benefited from million. The national and agencies for the delivery of framework of the rural water the Ministry of Public Works and a better and more productive local governments allocated an rural infrastructure services; and sanitation sector; Transport, the Sub-Secretariat use of the infrastructure and the additional US$75 million to the Acting as a catalyst for the •  evision of the classification •R of Telecommunications, and empowerment of their members program for infrastructure and mobilization and coordinated of rural roads; and the National Commission for through increased participation productive initiatives. actions of different govern-  ntroduction of new policies •I Indigenous Populations. in the decision making process. ment programs to support in the area of telecommunica- The project delivered significant the development of small tions for reaching dispersed Partners benefits to poor, indigenous Moving Forward enterprises; rural areas with coverage The Bank has primarily worked communities lacking basic The program has become a • Enhancing the capabilities of and relevant content of new with the Sub-Secretariat of infrastructure and services. well-established mechanism local and community actors communication technologies. Regional Development as its Specific subprojects contributed for the delivery of sustainable for planning and implement- project partner, and the regional to improving the quality of life in infrastructure to rural areas. ing productive activities, management units. The Ministry these communities by removing Demand in new regions is while maximizing the use of Planning and Coordination bottlenecks to productive exploding. The program began activities and making indigenous as a pilot covering five regions, territories more habitable. The Left: Beneficiary Indigenous Populations added three new regions during in Maicolpue - Region of Los Lagos project was also instrumental (Credit: Veronica I. Raffo, WB Task Team) implementation. This year, four in the issuance of legislation Right: Potable water projects enable the new regions have been incor- production of cherries, blueberries and that removed obstacles to public raspberries for export. Region of Maule porated, and the program has (Credit: Veronica I. Raffo, WB Task Team) investments within indigenous budgetary allocations that are peoples’ territories. even higher than when the loan was under implementation. It is expected to reach full national coverage by the end of 2015. PAGE 28 PAGE 29 CHILE Urban Transport Reform: The Santiago Experience Santiago Urban Transport Technical Assistance Project Drawing partially on the project-financed technical assistance activities, the Chil- ean government improved the efficiency and sustainability of the Santiago urban transport system, also known as Transantiago. Improvements included illuminated bus stops, colored-coded bus lanes, improved environmental standards, and improvements in bus services to reduce transfers, increase coverage, and avoid interference with the street markets. Challenge informality and lack of profes- published the 2000-2010 By the end of the 1990s, sional management, and lack of Santiago Urban Transport Plan. Santiago’s transport system was integration between the buses This plan envisaged the trans- suffering from serious prob- and the metro system), (iv) formation of the public trans- lems, including (1) increased limited coordination on trans- port system. Its unprecedented car ownership and use, (ii) port issues at the metropolitan scope and complexity applied to declines in public transport, (iii) level, and (v) high bus-related the city as a whole and affected Rural potable water project in Lumahue, Commune of Nueva Imperial deficiencies in the organization accident and air pollution levels. all public transport modes. (Credit: Jose Vicente Zevallos, WB Task Team) of the bus system (fragmented The World Bank supported the bus ownership, competition Solution implementation of the Santiago by operators for passengers, In 2000, the government Urban Transport Plan through Aerial view of Santiago City, Chile PAGE 30 PAGE 31 a technical assistance loan, Changes in bus services to • enhancements to Transanti- which helped in the implemen- reduce transfers, increase ago’s financial and payment tation of the public transport coverage, and avoid inter- system (2012). reform arrangements and ference of the bus system provided guidance and advice to with the operation of street Bank Group support this difficult process of markets (2010-2012). Contribution transformation. Thorough knowledge about • The Bank provided US$2.37 the operation of bus depots million to finance the activities. Results and terminals and guidance The project helped the gov- for improvements. Moving Forward ernment of Chile to establish a More robust transport • The Bank will continue to foundation for a more efficient planning tools. support the government in the and sustainable urban transport Organizational improve- • transport sector through the system. The results achieved ments within the Executive Joint Study Program, which, in included: Secretary of the Committee of fiscal year 2012, financed a study • Illuminated bus stops in the Ministers for Urban Trans- related to road and congestion suburbs, which make the port in Metropolitan Santiago pricing and value capture from system safer (2011 – 2012). (Transantiago-SE), the entity transport investments. A follow • Colored bus lanes to reduce in charge of the bus system up study is envisaged for fiscal incursion by cars and speed (2010 - 2012). year 2013. up bus travel (2011 – 2012). Preparation of the basis • • More stringent environ- for the transformation of Beneficiaries mental standards for public Transantiago-SE into a more The primary target group transport vehicles, which in autonomous and indepen- included about 4 million public 2011 led to 19.9 percent less dent entity (2006 – 2012. transport users, who are typi- particulate matter emissions An understanding of the • cally people with lower incomes. The Santiago Urban Transport Project helped the Government of Chile to establish a foundation for a more efficient and sustainable and 1.7 percent less NOx financial situation of bus urban transport system. The results achieved included more stringent environmental standards for public transport vehicles and c hanges Because of reduced externalities in bus services to reduce transfers, increased coverage, and avoiding interference of the bus system with the operation of street markets. emissions compared to 2010. operators and some initial from public transport, the PAGE 32 PAGE 33 primary target group included residents making trips to and within the city, regardless of the transport mode, and all inhabitants of the city. The secondary beneficiaries were Transantiago-SE, the project implementation agency, and the Transport Planning Secretar- iat (SECTRA). These agencies benefited from capacity strength- ening, improved analytical tools, improved data, and information. Public transportation on Apoquindo Avenue, Santiago, Chile, South America Beginning in 1996, the Government of Colombia adopted the National Urban Transport Program (NUTP) centered on the development of Bus Rapid Transport investments in Colombia’s largest cities. PAGE 34 PAGE 35 to strengthen the institutional Results Bank Group COLOMBIA Contribution and regulatory weakness that As of end of 2012, five of the The Bank has established a permeated the sector. six Bank-financed BRT systems long-term partnership with Over the years, this Bank-fi- are operating: Transmilen- Colombian Cities: More Livable, nanced program has been io-Bogotá, Megabus-Pereira, the government of Colombia to support this radical change Green, and Inclusive complemented by a comprehen- sive knowledge and convening Transmetro-Barranquilla, Metroplus-Medellin, and in the urban transport sector. Integrated Mass Transit Systems and Support to the National This engagement dates back services program that seeks to Metrolinea-Bucaramanga. The Urban Transit Program Project to the mid-1990s. Since then, build the knowledge base of the most famous is Bogotá’s Trans- more than eight operations have government of Colombia and milenio, conceived in 1998, and Public transportation in Colombia was traditionally perceived as inefficient, unsafe contributed to the technical, municipal governments to, which served as a model for and polluting. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the Colombian government embarked operational and institutional Plan, operate and assure the • the roll-out of the other BRT on a program focused on the development of bus rapid transit (BRT) investments reform of the transport sector. financial sustainability of systems. Transmilenio currently in the country’s largest cities. More recently four lending integrated public transport has 87 km of segregated bus operations totaling US$1.1 systems. lanes in operation, 115 stations, Challenge at any cost. At the same time, Solution billion support the NUTP in the Devise travel demand • and carries close to 1.7 million For many years the streets of drivers were faced with the Beginning in 1996, the gov- construction and operations management strategies and passengers per day–approxi- large Colombian cities were harsh reality of urban transport ernment adopted the National of BRT systems in six cities: promote walking and cycling. mately 28 percent of the city’s battle grounds. Due to lack of in shifts of 14 hours or more Urban Transport Program Bogotá, Barranquilla, Bucara- Better coordinate land-use • public transport demand. adequate regulations, public without any working benefits. (NUTP) centered on the devel- manga, Cartagena, Medellin and with transport demand. Since its inception, delegations transportation routes were These perverse incentives opment of BRT investments in Pereira. The investment lending Mainstream issues of road • from more than 20 countries, awarded to private sector resulted in a fierce competition Colombia’s largest cities. The operations include: safety, gender and universal including China, India, Vietnam, companies which acted as in- for passengers in the streets investment strategy targeted Integrated Mass Transit • accessibility in public South Africa, Kenya, Finland termediaries, handing over the while collecting fares, dodging high quality, bus-based rapid System Project (US$250 transport. and the United States have routes to individual bus owners pedestrians, outmaneuvering urban mobility at a fraction of million), including two visited Colombia to learn about and operators. These transport competing drivers on the same the cost of rail systems, conces- additional financings the program. entrepreneurs, acting almost as route, and simply surviving a sion arrangements for service (Additional Financing I for if they were franchises, would relentless urban transport war. provision (bus operation and US$207 million, Additional recruit drivers to collect profits fare collection) and measures PAGE 36 PAGE 37 Financing II for US$300 edge services agenda. These gender and universal accessibility BRT’s Beneficiaries million), and support to the multi-year engagements have in public transport. Transmilenio gave me many good things. First of “ National Urban Transport sought to build the knowledge all, it takes me everywhere quickly, even though Program Project (US$350 base of the central government Moving Forward people complain that it’s too crowded. The trip is million). and of the governments of Challenges remain to consolidate really fast. Second, there’s the comfort of having • Bogotá Urban Transport Bogotá and other cities to, among the sustainable urban mobility a guide tell me which bus to take. Third, the bus Project (US$65 million). others, (i) strengthen capacity policy that Colombia embarked makes fixed stops as part of an itinerary; the • Bogota Urban Services for analyzing urban mobility and other buses would see I was blind and assume I on more than a decade ago. Project (US$100 million). options to improve planning, was going to get on to sing or beg. They also have The most pressing concern is • Bogota Urban Services First management, operations and elevators that help a lot…” the need to move forward with Additional Loan (US$30 financial sustainability of inte- the full integration of public Luis Rincon, Blind User of Transmilenio. (Taken from the book Transport on a Human Scale. The World Bank) million) grated public transport systems, transport systems, since amidst (ii) strengthen capacity for plan- the new systems, traditional Partners ning and implementing travel public transport buses still demand management strategies I was a bus driver for 13 years, but I’ve worked the “ Colombia’s urban transport operate. As cities move towards last five months as a bus operator. Before that, my program has also received and non-motorized modes, (iii) this full integration of public job was very stressful, especially because the work financing from the Inter-Ameri- provide how-to guidance for the transport services, issues of day was very long. I complied with the owner’s can Development Bank (IADB), implementation of possibilities to accessibility and affordability passenger limit and, and after 310 passengers, the and the Andean Development better coordinate land-use with become crucial to guarantee that profits belonged to me. I made sacrifices to get Corporation (CAF). The IADB is transport demand and promote the most vulnerable population them. Now, my life has changed 100% because currently financing the BRT in transit-oriented development, is served. Furthermore, in an era I work for three hours, rest for one, and then I Cali, and the CAF has financed (iv) assess and revisit tariff policy of unprecedented urbanization continue until I complete eight working hours. Bogotá’s Transmilenio Suba issues, particularly pertaining to and motorization, demand I have time for myself, my family, to go to the corridor and will help implement affordability, accessibility, and management schemes become doctor, to study. Also, society now views me in a Cucuta’s system. how-to guidance for the imple- crucial policy considerations, so different light, and no longer looks down on me as mentation of targeted public that auto users actually pay for before. Now I have goals set for myself: owning a More than 20 trust funds have transport subsidies, and (v) the costs they impose on society. house and having a well-established family.” complemented the Bank’s knowl- mainstream issues of road safety, The Bank will continue to John Jairo Mina Vidal. Bus Operator (Taken from the book Transport on a Human Scale. The World Bank) PAGE 38 PAGE 39 support this agenda by mobi- results in average time savings of CO2e) between 2001 and lizing its financial, knowledge, of 32 percent (20 minutes) per 2010. The system has scrapped EL SALVADOR and convening services to work trip compared to the traditional more than 2,100 old buses towards more livable, green and bus system. This represents a since its inception; decreased inclusive Colombian cities. savings of more than 10 hours accident rates by 90 percent in El Salvador Works to Protect Beneficiaries per month for the average rider. Transmilenio has also been the corridors where the system operates; and reduced noise Nature and People able to abate 1.9 million tons of levels by 3-10 decibels. El Salvador Protected Areas Consolidation and Administration Project According to the latest data, riding Bogotá’s Transmilenio carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt With Global Environment Facility (GEF) support, the Protected Areas Consolida- tion and Administration Project updated the National Strategy and Action Plan Stages of Urban Transport Sector Engagement in Colombia for consolidating and managing the Natural Protected Areas System, and tested it Initial Engagement Strengthening Urban Mainstreaming Sustainable in two pilot protected areas. The project prevented deforestation and promoted The Foundations Transport Policies Urban Transport Policies regeneration on over 20,207 hectares. Both pilot protected areas were delineated, (1996 - 2003) (2004 - 2010) (2011 - ) and land tenure conflicts were reduced. Training and alternative livelihood invest- • TA to Transmilenio •C ommunication Strategy •Regulatory Framework for Knowledge • Support to Transmilenio’s BRTs Implementation Integration ments benefited local solidarity groups and cooperatives, and strengthened their Services Urban Transport Forums • Road Safety Training • Integrating Spatial Planning • Universal Access BRTs • Travel Demand Management support for biodiversity conservation. • Targeted Subsidies • Mainstreaming ICT • Bogota Urban Transport • Integrated Mass Transit • Support to the National Challenge structure governing these lands of human settlements, were not Financial Project Systems Project & First and Urban Transit Program Services •Colombia Regulatory Second Additional Loans Project By 2005, most lands under the was confusing and even though well known, complicating their Reform Project • Bogota Urban Services •C TF to Support Urban • Bogota Urban Services Project Additional Loan Transport (proposed) Natural Protected Areas System the Ministry of Environment management and prioritization. Project were still “paper parks” with (MARN) was responsible for the • Partnership with Embark • Infrastructure Workshop •P artnership with Singapore an inadequate legal framework entire system it had legal title to Refinement of the National • BRT Operation Launch on TDM Convening Services Workshop •P artnership with ITDP on or physical protection and no a mere 7,070 hectares. The qual- Strategy for the Natural Pro- non-motorized transit managed buffer zones. Only a ity and type of environmental tected Areas System, definition • South-South collaboration with China on BRT develop- fraction was legally declared and goods and services, biodiversity of priorities and greater ment demarcated. The institutional resources as well as the number stakeholder consensus on this Graphic (Colombia SD Team) PAGE 40 PAGE 41 strategy and on conservation, would feed into innovative legal, Results were essential. The Ministry of policy, and strategic goals and The Protected Areas Consol- Environment lacked the legal instruments essential to the idation and Administration tools to manage and consolidate Natural Protected Areas System’s Project helped to conserve El the Natural Protected Areas long-term sustainability. Salvador’s globally-significant System, to address the sensitive biodiversity by strengthening the issue of human settlements The project was to be partially Natural Protected Areas System in protected areas, and to blended with the second phase and effectively pilot-testing a clarify land tenure and resolve of the Bank-supported Land management strategy in two invasions of state-owned, Administration Project whose pilot protected areas through the unoccupied lands. massive collection of land-re- following outcomes: lated data would constitute  n updated strategy and •A A methodology was needed to a foundation for large-scale action plan was finalized by identify illegal and legal settle- conservation including the 2012 using project-generated ments within protected areas consolidation of protected areas, inputs and experiences and regularize the latter. Finally, and development of a strategy including the Protected the Ministry’s acute resource for addressing irregular settle- Areas Rationalization limitations threatened its ment within them. and Prioritization Study ability to consolidate the Natural completed in 2011, the Protected Areas System. The project was also highly inno- Management Plans leading vative in seeking to demonstrate to 24 alternative livelihood Approach the viability of protected areas’ demonstration investments The project’s two main activity residents continuing to live in the pilot protected areas’ streams were inter-dependent, productively within areas subject benefiting over 2,700 poor the idea being that delimitation, to environmental conservation park residents, and the field demarcation, implementation and restriction while assuming a regularization activities; Alternative livelihood demonstration investments benefited over 2,700 poor park residents. of management plans and direct role in conservation.  lobal Environmental •G regularization of park residents, Facility (GEF) Tracking Tool PAGE 42 PAGE 43 scores of 48 in mangroves but not yet analyzed by non-performance, and (iii) time and 58 in forested areas closing). ran out and the Bank did not (Bahia de Jiquilisco) up approve a second extension of from 26 and 15 respectively The Protected Areas Consolida- the closing date to complete in 2005; and 58 in forest tion and Administration Project activities. Component 2 costs areas and 35 in aquatic (San Actual total project costs were were about 17 percent higher, Diego-Las Barras) up from 37 US$4.9 million, comprising and administrative costs were 28 and 2 respectively in 2005, GEF funding of US$4 million percent lower than expected. indicated improved protected and government contribution areas’ management; of US$0.9 million, about 28 Partners Biodiversity benefits were • percent of which was expected The project was a partnership established on 20,027 at appraisal under the blended with the government of El hectares by 2012 compared to operation with the Land Admin- Salvador through its Ministry 12,400 ha in 2005, including istration Project II, and about of Environment. The planned the regeneration of over 36 percent of the counterpart formal collaboration of other 7,600 hectares of additional amount following cancellation of government agencies with the forest cover; the Land Administration Project ministry was limited once The project delimited 68 • II. Lower costs were due to (i) the LAP II was cancelled, but terrestrial areas and one over-estimation of areas to be technical and other forums marine/aquatic area. It covered by field regularization were established in the final transferred to MARN and activities, (ii) the non-completion year with experienced sector declared as protected areas by of certain activities. Subcompo- agencies including the National 2012, up from zero in 2005. nents 1.2 (legal and institutional Registry Center and the Sal- In the San Diego-Las Barras • framework) and 1.3 (public vadoran Institute for Agrarian pilot area, 90.5 percent was dissemination and awareness Transformation. The Ministry free of land tenure conflicts campaign) were a fraction of of Environment has also taken San salvador city in the morning. by 2012 (Bahia de Jiquilisco anticipated (11.3 percent and steps to forge closer working field surveys were completed 8 percent respectively) due to relationships with the Ministries PAGE 44 PAGE 45 of Agriculture, Tourism and Developing Countries fund for a Fisheries to broaden the political program to restore eco-systems GRENADA and technical foundation sup- and landscapes in Bahia de porting the Natural Protected Jiquilisco. Areas System. More Classrooms plus Better Moving Forward Beneficiaries The project’s beneficiary pool Trained Teachers equal Better No immediate follow-on or was broadly-defined and inclu- Education for Grenada scaled-up operation is planned sive, identified by a participatory Grenada Education Development Project given the government’s current social assessment, but did not Once armed conflict “ priorities and the Country set specific beneficiary targets ended in El Salvador, many Between 2004 and 2011, Grenada improved both the equity of access and quality Partnership Strategy 2010- or disaggregate beneficiaries by fishermen – about 120 just of its secondary education program. With Bank support, the project successfully 2014. El Salvador is however, gender. In San Diego-Las Barras in our area – started using expanded secondary schools with the addition of 420 school places, increased explosives as an easy way to increasingly embracing the the livelihoods of local groups enrollment in three underserved areas by an average of 10 percentage points, global climate change agenda on were being affected by excessive fish, but it killed everything provided instructional materials, trained counselors and teachers, and helped to both mitigation and adaptation. growth of water lilies in the and over time the fish disap- increase the Caribbean Examinations Council pass rates by 6 percentage points. This includes participation in the Metapan Lagoon, interfering peared. Our complaints to Bank’s Forest Carbon Partner- with navigation, tourism and authorities were unsuccessful. ship Fund helping the country fishing. The project taught Finally, the Naval Forces Challenge to support student-centered Strategic Plan for Education develop a vision for managing residents how to extract the recommended we contact Access to education in Grenada learning approaches. Some and Development, which sought and monitoring its forest re- lilies to reduce density, promote the Ministry of Environment was inequitable with transition secondary schools were to achieve universal secondary sources and to prepare for forest normal habitat and boat traffic, which linked us up to pro- rates to secondary education in overcrowded. Student violence coverage. The plan focused on carbon transactions, to which and use the lily material to make ductive opportunities under the three underserved parishes in schools contributed to high improving the quality of learn- this project’s achievements have craft items and soil fertilizer. the project. They trained us averaging 51 percent. The qual- dropout rates. ing, in particular in the areas of direct relevance. The Ministry Jose Mauricio de Paz, President to use better, safer fishing ity of secondary education was literacy and numeracy. It also of Environment is also seeking of the Cooperative Association of methods which increased our deficient, teachers’ qualifications Solution concentrated on school im- funding from the Reducing Fish Production, Isla de Mendez catch and allowed the fish to were poor, and instructional The project supported the provement through construction Emissions from Deforestation in (Bahia de Jiquilisco) said: regenerate”. materials were not sufficient priorities identified in the and rehabilitation of education PAGE 46 PAGE 47 infrastructure following Hurri- aligned with the Caribbean the Ministry of Education cane Ivan, as well as student-led Examinations Council, and Materials Production Unit school improvement projects. meets the diversified learning needs of students. Bank Group • Improvement of the avail- Contribution Results ability of textbooks and other The Bank provided funding of The project contributed to instructional materials for US$8 million (US$4 million improved equity of access and 3,000 students. IDA and US$4 million IBRD) quality of secondary education. • Placement of trained counsel- in 2004. In 2008, an additional Key outcomes included: ors and peers counselors in US$1.9 million grant was provid- Improvement of transition • all secondary schools leading ed to allow for implementation of rates to secondary education to reduced school violence activities that had been curtailed in the proportion of students and improved attendance when funds were reallocated to sitting Common Entrance based on information from address the emergency rehabil- Examinations in the three focus group discussions with itation following the passage of underserved parishes by an counselors, school principals Hurricane Ivan. average of 10 percentage points between 2004 and and education officers. 2008. Improvement of educational • Partners Improvement in the propor- • resources (including reading Close collaboration with the tion of students passing at materials, work books and United Kingdom’s Department least five subjects (including instructional DVDs) to for International Development Mathematics and English) at enhance the teaching of (DFID), during design helped to Transition rates to secondary education in the proportion of students sitting Common numeracy and literacy at the provide funding for a number of the Caribbean Examinations Entrance Examinations in the three underserved parishes improved by an average of 10 primary level to ensure better the quality enhancing activities. Council from 13 percent in percentage points between 2004 and 2008. preparation for secondary Bank funding was complemented 2004 to 19 percent in 2008. Introduction of a new curric- • education through provision by US$10 million from the ulum policy, which is better of heavy duty printers and European Commission. personal computers for Student from St. Paul’s Government School in Grenada Photo Credit: Nazumi Takeda, World Bank PAGE 48 PAGE 49 Moving Forward education in the region. Grenada the increased availability of The project reiterates govern- is also addressing the challenges resources. Students developed a ment commitment to reforms of school infrastructure main- greater interest in mathematics and initiatives addressed under tenance through a monthly and reading. One student from the project, many of which have subvention to schools. St. Paul’s Government School been institutionalized under the enthused “I now love math and strong leadership of the Ministry Beneficiaries reading.” of Education. Grenada continues Around 2,000 students benefited to participate actively in the from the increased number of review of the Education Strategy schools and set-up of school by the Organisation of Eastern shades and canteens. Teachers Caribbean States (OECS), which benefited from training in will guide future development of literacy and numeracy and St. Georges, Grenada Grenada Education Development Project Peer Counselors Photo Credit: Nazumi Takeda, World Bank PAGE 50 PAGE 51 Solution participating communes. in participating communities, HAITI The trust fundand the associ- This project’s key innovation and,(iii) strengthening the ated Bank grant were designed is the introduction of a pro- capacity of the implementing to address the challenges of fessional management model agency, local water committees, Increasing Water Supply and bringing water supply to rural involving local water operators and professional operators Promoting Sanitation and areas in a sustainable way and increase access to and use of selected by the community to operate, maintain and manage in cooperation with local government.The program helped Hygiene in Rural Haiti water supply and sanitation the water supply systems based support improvements in several services in participating rural on a contract signed with the key outcomes: Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project communities. Communities communities. Furthermore, the The construction of eight • Drawing upon expertise and funding from theBank and the State and Peace Build- were identified by evaluating project promoted cost recovery, rural water supply piped ing Fund (SPF), Haiti has delivered access to clean water to more than 33,000 their willingness to pay for metering, and the use of water systems in the Sud Depart- Haitians in rural areas, and improved sanitation conditions with the construction water services (by the volume) kiosks instead of standpipes, ment providing potable water and by using a participatory as well as gravity-fed piped to 33,700 people between of school latrines for 3,700 students and teachers in six communities. approach providing commu- systems to minimize potential 2009 and 2011. Works are nities with a series of choices, technical issues. Where still under progress with SPF Challenge institutional presence in rural often consisting of unpaid volun- including choice between pumping was necessary and grant funds and include: At the time the project was areas and with little knowledge teers elected by the community. different water service levels cost-effective, the project gave a The construction of three- • designed, in 2006, limited about levels of coverage and The performance of water (house connection or water strong preference to renewable water supply piped systems resources (outside of the met- needs, it was thus difficult to committees varied widely, but kiosk) and choicein the tariff energy, such as solar. for an additional 10,500 ropolitan area) for water supply prioritize investments, which most water committees seemed structure and level (covering beneficiaries; and in Haiti were mostly used for were carried out in a piecemeal to not perform their functions only operating costsand basic Results The drilling of 14 boreholes • urban water supply in secondary manner and did not necessarily adequately and collected insuf- maintenance, or including a The projectfocused on (i) to bring potable water to towns. For lack of funds, the reach the neediest citizens. Local ficient funds for operation and reserve for major maintenance). increasing the sustained and 6,500 people. It is estimated Ministry of Health’s rural water communities did not maintain routine maintenance. Project-financed activities effective use of safe drinking that these works in the Sud units were small and inactive. infrastructure welland many targeted approximately 50,000 water in participating com- Department will be complet- There was also no institutional rural water systems were people, which represent 20 munities, (ii) improving use of ed by July 2013. home for sanitation. Without an managed by water committees percent of the population of the sanitary and hygienic practices The construction of school • PAGE 56 PAGE 57 latrines for 3,700 students on December 31, 2011. Both Moving Forward Beneficiaries and teachers and the promo- grants financedprojectactivities As a result of the successful im- At project closurein November tion of sanitation and hygiene through the National Directorate plementation of the professional 2013,it is estimated that 50,000 in six communities, covering for Drinking Water Supply and operator management model for people will have received im- approximately 30,000 Sanitation (DINEPA). rural water supply piped systems proved water supply services as a people, in 2012. and its implementation, DINEPA result of the project. The project  he introduction in 10 •T Partners is exploring the feasibility of also financed the construction of communities of a successful There is a strong partnership scaling up this approach at school latrines for 3,700 stu- professional management among key development the national level. A national dents and teachers. The project model involving local water partners in Haiti’s water sector. workshop is being organized team is currently designing operators. These operators The Rural Water Supply and to draw lessons learned from beneficiary surveys with DINEPA and community water Sanitation program’s philosophy the program and identify the in order to evaluate furtherthe committees were trained to (professional operator manage- path forward. The project is impacts of the water supply operate, maintain and man- ment model) is shared by the exploring the idea of facilitating and sanitation interventions. age the water supply systems, Inter-American Development professional operator exchanges Beneficiary communes included as well as in basic financial Bank (IDB)with whom periodic with countries in Africa where Arniquet, Cavaillon, Chantal, management and community meetings are held to coordinate a similar management model Coteaux, Chardonnières, Fond relations. This aspect of the investments, analytical work and has been successfully put in des Nègres, Fond Tortue, Ile à project was initiated in 2009 lessons learned. place. The project team has been Vache, Maniche, Simon, all in and is still ongoing. collaborating with the Water Sud Department, and St-Michel and Sanitation Program in des Nippes, Nippes Department Bank Group this regard. Contribution Member of CCPC, Beaumont, Grande Anse Photo Credit: Michel Matera, WB The $5 million SPF Grant was awarded in November 2008 to complement the $5 million Bank Grant signed on February 15, 2007 and closed PAGE 58 PAGE 59 HAITI Supporting Recovery and Reducing Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in Haiti Emergency Recovery and Disaster Management Project The Emergency Recovery and Disaster Management Project improved disaster preparedness and reduced vulnerability at the local level in Haiti. The project established 76 Communal Civil Protection Committees (CCPC), covering more than half of the 144 communes. In addition, the project successfully implemented 130 small-scale disaster mitigation works, based on community-based disaster risk assessments. Challenge the country’s vulnerability. More than 3,000 people died as In 2005, Haiti was emerging One year earlier (May 2004), a result of the flooding. from a period of political flash floods and landslides in conflict. The country was Belle-Anse and Fonds-Verrettes Solution facing tremendous development affected more than 100,000 Although the project was School rehabilitated in Roseaux, Grande Anse Photo Credit: Michel Matera, WB challenges, including high people and claimed more than prepared as an emergency exposure and vulnerability to 1,000 lives. Storm Jeanne project, it aimed to balance natural hazards. Widespread (September 2004) caused flash structural and non-structural poverty, extensive deforestation floods affecting 300,000 people interventions to address the and overall land and watershed in the region between Cap Haï- country’s high vulnerability to degradation further exacerbated tien, Port-de-Paix and Gonaïves. PAGE 60 PAGE 61 natural disasters. The structural approach to establish communal national disaster risk man- cost of the project was US$19.4 close partnerships provided an The project’s main beneficiaries interventions focused on the civil protection committees agement system strengthened million; US$12.0 million under important framework that is were the people affected by the rehabilitation of drainage and ir- and implement small-scale risk and operational, including the original project and US$7.4 expected to continue to guide 2004 floods. Residents of the rigation systems, schools, health mitigation works. the capacity to manage million under the additional multilateral engagement in the affected regions of Belle-Anse, clinics and community centers disaster preparation and financing approved in 2008. This disaster risk management area. Fonds-Verrettes and Gonaïves affected by flooding—initially in Results response activities better. funding was distributed among benefited from the rehabilitation Fonds-Verrettes, Belle-Anse and The main results achieved  ehabilitation and/or •R reconstruction and risk reduc- Moving Forward of affected public infrastructure. Gonaïves. After the additional include the following: reconstruction of prioritized tion in areas affected by floods, A new grant aims to consolidate The project also targeted the financing in 2008, the project •C  ommunity-level disaster small-scale public infra- institutional strengthening and gains in the area of local risk communities where communal supported similar interventions preparedness and response structure in areas affected by local risk management. management and institutional civil protection committees were in other departments. capacity strengthened natural disasters identified strengthening. The approval established and government staff The non-structural interventions through the establishment, and completed. Partners of this grant has allowed for a were working with the project focused on strengthening the training and equipping of 76  ocal risk maps and •L There was a close and strong smooth transition and ensured implementing agencies. institutional capacity of the community civil protection emergency contingency plans collaboration with other devel- continued support to the com- Directorate of Civil Protection committees. Communal prepared for 76 communities. opment partners supporting the munal civil protection commit- and the Permanent Secretariat civil protection committees,  pproximately 130 small •A disaster risk management agen- tees established by the project. for Disaster Risk Management covering approximately disaster mitigation works da in Haiti, in particular with The Bank is also strengthening as well supporting local risk 1.3 million people. These successfully implemented. United Nations Development the national policy dialogue to management. At the local level, committees played a crucial Programme, the Inter-American advocate for a stronger Civil the Bank’s supported the gov- role in receiving and assisting Bank Group Development Bank (IADB), the Protection Directorate (DPC) ernment’s efforts to move from Contribution displaced people from the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster and to support the reform of the the ad-hoc nature of community Following the clearance of capital after the January Assistance, and the European national disaster risk manage- engagement in disaster response arrears in early 2005, the 2010 earthquake, and have Union, which ensured their ef- ment system, while exploring and preparedness towards a government was ready to receive facilitated the delivery of forts were complementary. These ways to integrate disaster risk more productive systematic support. The Emergency Recov- humanitarian assistance from partnerships exploited synergies management in an upcoming approach to community en- ery and Disaster Management the international community. among partners and avoided development policy operation. gagement. The Bank used the Project was the first Bank project  nstitutional and technical •I duplication of efforts. Moreover, community driven development prepared since 1997. The total entities supporting the the project’s convening role and PAGE 62 PAGE 63 JAMAICA Creating Employment Solutions for Young Jamaicans in the Virtual Economy Youth Empowerment via ICT Solutions and the Creative Industries Designed and implemented in four months, with less than US$200,000, Digital Jam 2.0 is an initiative to promote Jamaican youth employment in the virtual global economy. Concrete results include over 4,000 young people being employed on online platforms, the establishment of funds to support start-ups in the app economy, the commercialization of apps, a number of internships with leading Caribbean telecom companies, offers of scholarships for winners to a Master’s program at Howard University in Washington, DC, and mentorship programs from national and international companies operating in the IT sphere. Challenge and manufacturing) due to approaches to solving the Jamaica has about 800,000 competitiveness disadvantages unemployment problem have young people between the ages vis-à-vis other countries and concentrated on skills develop- Team PPS winners of App Contest Grand Prize of 12 and 35, approximately 34 because of issues of scale, the ment, but vocational education percent of the population. In country’s insular nature, the training programs have reported the coming years, job creation high cost of energy and high limited success. Much less will not come from traditional levels of crime and violence, attention has been given to the sectors (agriculture, tourism among other issues. Previous linkages with the labor market, PAGE 64 PAGE 65 facilitating students’ transition can be performed by people who provided young people in Ja- Olympics in August 2012. mobile-banking solutions, by the government of Jamaica into it once they graduate. do not need high technical skills. maica the stage to showcase the Mentoring by Microsoft • and the digitalization of including the Minister of Youth Furthermore, unemployment E-lancing refers to the range of capacity, talent and commitment Jamaica and MobileWorks government records and a and Culture, the Minister of and underemployment are free-lancing professions that necessary to be “game changers” in the Silicon Valley of the move to e-government. Industry, Investment and endemic in all socio-economic can be performed online where for the economy and drivers of a winning applications. Commerce, and the Minister groups – including people with the product can be compressed knowledge-based society. An agreement with Uni- • Bank Group of Science, Technology, Energy secondary and tertiary degrees. in a file format. Digital Jam 2.0 •A  bout 4,400 new Jamaican versity of Technology for Contribution and Mining. Partnerships were Finally, Jamaica cannot borrow hosted a marketplace with the youths working on incubating app development The World Bank provided also established with industry from international lending participation of about 40 nation- microwork and e-lancing start-ups in collaboration roughly US$200,000 of tech- leaders, including key companies institutions given its very fragile al and international companies platforms. with their Technology nical assistance to design and from the Silicon Valley such as macroeconomic situation. Look- leaders in the IT sector, giving an •T  he establishment of a Incubation Center. implement this program. Samasource, Microworkers, ing for solutions outside of the opportunity to youths to interact funding window for start-up Partnership with US Agency • MobileWorks, Freelancer (from box was necessary to respond to directly with businesses in that companies from the Ministry for International Develop- Partners Australia), Soundtracker, Wildfire one of the client’s most pressing sphere of Industry, Investment and ment (USAID) to implement Additional resources were Interactive, and 500 Startups. problems: youth unemployment. Commerce. a pilot project in the digital provided by Flow Columbus Results  ommercial interest •C creative industries. Business Solutions, the JNBS Moving Forward Solution Digital Jam 2.0 was launched in expressed by investors in Requests from the Develop- • Group, Landline Internet Mobile Digital Jam 2.0 has sparked a Digital Jam 2.0 promoted June 2012 and saw the participa- acquiring apps completed as ment Bank of Jamaica, The and Entertainment Services lot of interest from a number of solutions to high youth tion of 2,000 young Jamaicans part of Digital Jam 2.0. Grace Kennedy Financial (LIME), USAID, Microsoft partners. Private sector part- unemployment in Jamaica with in a series of competitions (app  ight internships at leading •E Group, the Jamaica National Jamaica, Research in Motion nerships are emerging between new opportunities in the global contests and a hackathon on the telecommunication com- Building Society, and Mi- (RIM) Blackberry, Telegens, national and international virtual economy (microwork sports industry), workshops, panies in Jamaica and the crosoft Jamaica to submit and Kariblink. These consisted players to establish microwork and e-lancing) and the booming training on mobile software Caribbean. proposals for funding of spe- in about US$100,000 in cash, hubs in Jamaica. These will “app economy.” Microwork is a development, and presentations  wo full MA fellowships at •T cific activities, including the prizes for competitions, air-time be fully funded by the private form of distributed work being by industry leaders as well as Howard University offered to incubation of app develop- on television and radio stations, sector. The Bank and USAID performed online and generally successful young Jamaicans who app competition winners. ment companies led by young connectivity costs, and the are negotiating an externally paid by the micro task (im- are currently working online.  inning apps showcased at •W Jamaicans, the facilitation of renting of the event facilities. A funded output agreement to age-tagging, data mining) that In addition, Digital Jam 2.0 has Jamaica House at the London payment to microworkers via strong endorsement was given continue raising awareness about PAGE 66 PAGE 67 opportunities for work online BRT’s Beneficiaries and, in particular, in the niche of MEXICO We truly believe this is the way forward for Jamaica, and the “ creative industries. The govern- World Bank is certainly creating the momentum.” ment of Jamaica has requested Mexico Moves to Results-based Marcelle Smart, Country Manager, Microsoft Jamaica the establishment of Digital Jam as a yearly event and the Bank is currently seeking options to The World Bank has provided tremendous support in envi- “ sioning the event, bringing appropriate partners together, and Procurement System make it happen. Bangladesh and facilitating our participation. Future support of this nature Mexico Procurement Reform Project Russia have expressed interest in would be welcome.” replicating the event. Anand Pramod Kulkarni, CEO, Mobileworks Beginning in 2009, the Mexican government modernized its procurement meth- ods, eliminating obsolete regulations and building in methods for transparency. We had the opportunity to interact and learn with the game “ The government also created an online platform to ensure transparency and ease changers from Silicon Valley. It has also inspired our young of access, while reducing execution time by as much as 95 percent. Within three people to have more confidence in entrepreneurship, by open- years, small and medium enterprises increased their participation in the federal ing our eyes on ways in which we can use our skills and talents, procurement system by 36 percent,and the government saved US$1 billion. offering first class IT services to the world, right here from our Jamaican IT hub.” Roxanne Wanliss, a 25 year old participant from Kingston. Challenge the federal budget (around processes. Procurement staff Despite having the world’s 11th 10 percentof gross domestic lacked both knowledge and largest economy, Mexico has product, GDP), and the cost professionalism. a difficult history in the dis- of inefficiencywas estimated bursement of public works and atbetween 10 and14 percent per Solution services to its citizens. In 2009, year. Lack of transparency also In 2007,a procurement report the procurement system was allowed corruption to flourish. by the Bank provided an in- overregulated, focused heavily Additionally, the electronic pro- depth assessment of Mexico’s on the administrative function, curement system was outdated procurement system and offered and based primarily on legal and incapable of improving critical recommendations. Since regulations. Public procurement transparency, generating 2011, a dedicated team of policy Cheering for app contest winners in accounted for 40 percentof competition, or streamlining analysts in the Bank’s procure- plenary room. PAGE 68 PAGE 69 ment unit used a combination significant results and savings  stablished the procurement •E ment, organized to support Reduction and Economic by an increased demand on of knowledge and convening of US$1 billion in three years intelligence unit, a strong performance budgeting in the Management Network and the the part of the government for services to play a key role in (Dec 2009 - Dec 2012, based on skills development and future, from none in 2010 to financial sector),and improved non-lending services. the reform process. Through a audited expenditures),including: certification program. 322 currently. the impact of the Bank’s engage- number of conferences, closed  liminated 586 procurement •E  trengthened of the •S ment in public procurement The Country Procurement events, and dedicated access regulations. capabilities and reputation Bank Group reform in Mexico. This project Assessment Review of 2007 was to global expertise, the Bank •R  ationalized application of of the Ministry of Public Contribution was an important input in the an example of such collabora- acted as a partner of choice in excessive and complex laws. Administration. These just-in-time and strategic preparation of a Development- tion. This evolution has also led providing specialized advisory •F  ostered competition and •S  tandardized of procurement advisory services have been Policy Loan on competitiveness to an interest on the part of the services on cost saving strategies promoted governance. procedures provided in Mexico through and for the implementation of World Bank and IADB to move (framework agreements), in •A  pplied framework agree- •I  mproved clarity to the an innovative non-lending aninvestment program. toward greater reliance on the developing procurement perfor- ments, consolidated purchas- sanctions regime and dispute approach, using a combination use of Mexican federal processes mance indices, and in designing es and reverse auctions. resolution frameworks. of knowledge and convening (harmonization strategy) and Partners a professionalization program. -I  ntroduced global best •I  ncreased participation services. control systems to verify compli- The Bank has a long-standing Close attention to meeting the practices into Mexico’s of small and medium engagement with the govern- ance with the Banks’ safeguard client’s needs was critical. procurement system. enterprises (SMEs) in the This project included Bank and fiduciary policies. This is ment of Mexico in support of •I  mplemented a robust federal procurement system expertise, international consul- part of a gradual process of public sector reforms, including transaction based e-procure- increased, with a growth tants and knowledge exchange devolving fiduciary responsibility Results bringing the federal procure- ment platform. of 36 percent in contracts partnerships among countries. to Mexico while supporting the Mexico has undergone transfor- ment system into a world-class •B  oosted processing to more awarded to SMEs between The Bank facilitated anexchange government in its efforts to mational reforms in its federal results-based procurement than 70,000 electronic 2010 and 2011 (US$10 billion program between Mexico and strengthen capacity and reduce public procurement system, system. The relationship be- transactions in 2012, from in contracts). the government of Western transaction costs. re-orienting it around principles tween Mexico, the Bank, and the 30,000 in 2010. •I  ncluded social witnessing Australia. A similar program of delivery for results and focus Inter-American Development •I  ncreased the number of practiced in all large procure- between Mexico and Colombia is on outcomes, and away from Bank (IADB) has evolved in Moving Forward private sector users from ment contracts. in progress. The policy work also overarching processes and recent years and has become Improving the efficiency of 10,000 in December 2009 •I  ncreased the number of enhanced the Bank’s internal compliance procedures. Costs characterized by more intense delivery of goods and services to more than 85,000 in governmental entities with a procurement unit’s interaction saving strategies and e-procure- dialogue on institutional and requires continuing the pro- December 2012. certified procurement depart- with other sectors (Poverty ment systems have generated capacity strengthening and curement system reform that PAGE 70 PAGE 71 began in 2009, and the Bank is interested in continuing to PERU support Mexico in this reform. In particular, the Bank would like to support Mexico’s objectives Promoting Productive Uses to align itspublic procurement system more closely with expen- of Electricity in Rural Areas diture policy to generate value of Peru: Experiences and for money, ensure transparency and efficiency, and improve the Lessons Learned quality of the works, goods and Energy Sector Management Assistance Program/ Capacity Building for Productive Use of Energy Project services procured. This rural energy project,which included a pilot program to promote productive Beneficiaries uses of electricity, supported over 4,970 families and micro-enterprises to adopt The procurement reform has electricity to process cereals, coffee, cocoa, baked goods, meat products, milk, wood also supported other key gov- SME-Owner, Auto Repair Shop: “Generating new contracts and new markets, the government has allowed us to grow with a great prospective for our company.” and metal products and handicrafts, and to pump water for expanded agricultural ernment policies. For example, production and processing. this reform has contributed to the strengthening of small and Challenge cess to capital and financing,and or tracking of productive-use medium enterprises, which The rural communities in (iii) poor quality perception of customers by distribution account for over 95 percent of Perufaced multiple barriers to grid supplied electricity, which companies, (ii) limited access firms, and generate between 60 increasing the use of electricity reduced interest in electrical to information and insights on and 70 percent of employment. for production. The constraints equipment. rural markets, (iii) rural electri- on promoting demand for cal system designs and network electricity from productive units From the perspective of the layouts optimized for least-cost included (i) limited technical supplier, the constraints to household connections, rather and management skills of rural meeting the additional demand than maximum development producers, (ii) inadequate ac- included (i) a lack of marketing benefits, and (iv) inconsistent PAGE 72 PAGE 73 service quality in many of the For its application to promote fields of the producer. They vary poorer communities, with productive uses of electricity, the within the range of small scale interruptions and voltage drops. NGOs followed a strategy that agriculture, livestock and dairy included the following elements: production, artisanal mining, Solution market assessment; • textiles, off-farm industries and The project implemented an preparation of business plans; • services like transport or product approach based on business marketing to the community • distribution. While agricultural development services (BDS) and potential entrepreneurs; production is usually at the techniques. The non-govern- coordination with comple- • individual level, agricultural mental organization (NGO) mentary institutions; and processing is often done at a implementing the productive links with the electricity • cooperative or association level. uses activities used BDS distribution company. Women entrepreneurs play methods to assist small and a significant role in areas of home-based enterprises in Results production such as baked goods, gathering information, finding The projects were carried out in milk production, ceramics and credit and addressing technology areas with different geograph- textiles, and are represented constraints through marketing ical conditions and economic in all types of activities. The and assistance campaigns. The activities. The pilot project areas implementation approach, while BDS approach has been applied ranged from the semi-arid coast- not deliberately designed with in rural programs targeting al communities in Lima provinc- gender in mind, seems to have income generating activities in es, to the Andean highlands in been effective in reaching women other sectors by working, often Junín and Cusco, Amazon rain producers. Overall, one third of in collaboration with other forests in Junín and the steep the participants were women, institutions, to assist enterprises terrain of the high altitude cloud and in the Cusco region this improve and start small busi- forests in the Cusco region. The number increased to almost two nesses by addressing technical main economic activities in the thirds of the participants. The main economic activities in the communities targeted by the Peru energy projects were home based or located in or near the fields skills, markets, finance, tech- targeted communities are home Thus far, the pilot project of the producer. They varied within the range of small scale agriculture, livestock and dairy production, artisanal mining, textiles, off-farm industries and services like transport or product distribution. nology and other constraints. based or located in or near the activities has helped over 4,970 PAGE 74 PAGE 75 families and micro-enterprises US$50 million Bank and US$10 Beneficiaries to adopt electricity and use million GEF). The electrification of six REGIONAL equipment to process cereals, groundwater pumping stations coffee, cocoa, baked goods, meat Partners forprickly pear and cochineal products, milk, wood and metal The Bank and the Global production in Piedra Grande An Online Platform to Protect products and handicrafts, and to pump water for expanded Environmental Facility (GEF) are supporting the Ministry of for 46 farmers—organized by the NGO Desco—was the Biodiversity in the Western agricultural production and Energy and Mines’ (MEM) Di- model project to promote the Hemisphere processing. It is expected that by rectorate of Competitive Funds productive use of electricity. Building the Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network project closing 9,000 families/ (DFC) of the General Directorate Desco produced a study that micro-enterprises are supported of Rural Electrification (DGER) allowed producers to make the Recognizing the importance of protecting biodiversity, the Summit of the Americas in the adoption of productive in the implementation and decision on the investment in on Sustainable Development, convened by the Organization of American States uses of electricity. execution of the project. equipment and organized its (OAS) in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, in December 1996 established the execution.Previously, to operate Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network (IABIN). The IABIN is an In- Bank Group Moving Forward the diesel or gasoline pumps, ternet-based forum for technical and scientific cooperation that promotes greater Contribution the farmers descended into the The theme of productive uses of coordination among Western Hemisphere countries in the collection, sharing, and The Energy Sector Management well to turn the pumps on and electricity has been integrated Assistance Program (ESMAP) use of biodiversity information relevant to decision-making and education. The into government objectives— off up to six times a day, with financed technical assistance IABIN is improving the means of gathering and analyzing data, data transforma- MEM‘s National Plan for Rural the risks of working at depth (US$80,000) to support the tion into knowledge, and transferring this information to the relevant parties for Electrification includes capacity and in a confined space full of productive uses of electricity carbon monoxide. These tragic action and decision making. It is also shortening the lag time from when informa- building for productive uses as a contributed significantly by losses and, to a lesser degree, tion is created to when it is available to decision makers. key objective. The second rural providing the technical support the high costs of fuel led to electrification project will work Challenge ation, which would contribute The Convention established for the implementation of the a strong commitment by the to make promotion of productive Since its inception in 1993, directly to implementation the CHM (i) to promote and productive uses component in community to take advantage uses an integral part of rural the Convention on Biological of the CBD Clearing-House facilitate technical and scientific the Bank and GEF-supported of electric pumps with above electrification activities of the Diversity (CBD) has recognized Mechanism (CHM) as well as cooperation, within and be- Rural Electrification Project ground switches. DGER rather than a separate the importance of promoting other areas critical to develop- tween countries, (ii) to develop a (US$144 million total, including pilot activity. technical and scientific cooper- ment and poverty alleviation. global mechanism for exchang- PAGE 76 PAGE 77 ing and integrating information and protocols for biodiversi- new multinational partnerships and over 41,000 species records Bank Group Points, and the governments Contribution on biodiversity, and (iii) to ty-related information to ensure per year involving access to from 14 data providers. and institutions of the Americas The Bank provided US$829.7 develop the necessary human compatibility of diverse data biodiversity information within who are both data-providers thousand over its 7 year life and technological network. sources within the region. the Americas. Through effective IABIN also improved the means and information users. Staff span. The success of the project networking, the project was able of gathering and analyzing from the U.S. Geological Survey design can be measured in Approach While the network was envi- to exceed this target, building as data, transforming data into invested considerable amounts the considerable leveraging of With project support, the IABIN sioned as a distributed system of many as 18 new partnerships. knowledge, and transferring of time and energy towards the funds. The project attracted a developed an Internet-based, data providers in which the data this information to the relevant implementation of IABIN. significant amount of resources decentralized network to are maintained and controlled IABIN generated over 5 million parties for action and decision NGOs provided close to half of (approximately US$23 million) provide access to biodiversity by the provider, a single point biodiversity records from over making. The project developed the co-financing, followed by in the form of co-financing that information currently scattered of access to the integrated 100 institutions; trained over six value-added information government contributions which far exceeded the GEF allocation in individual institutions and resources of the network remains 1,000 specialists from muse- tools to support decision-mak- corresponded to 40 percent of US$6 million. agencies in the Americas and a key component. The structure ums, botanic gardens, academic ing using the data provided by with the U.S. government provide the tools necessary of the thematic networks was institutions, and NGOs in data the IABIN Data Integration and contributing more than half of conducive to achieving the digitization, integration, and Analysis Gateway through the Partners total government contributions. to draw knowledge from that desired results and sustainabili- analysis; and raised awareness integration, overlay and visual- An estimated 145 institutions Multilateral organizations partic- wealth of resources, which ty. The themes address the needs of status and trends in biodiver- ization of data shared through from 23 countries and regional ipated with close to 8 percent fol- in turn would support sound of IABIN stakeholders and were sity and habitats,. In the case of IABIN. These tools helped place or international institutions lowed by academic institutions decision-making concerning the defined as: the Species-Specimen Thematic millions of species, specimen, participated in the thematic who contributed 3 percent. The conservation and sustainable • Ecosystems. Network (SSTN), 36 institutions invasive, and pollinator data on networks. Organizations co-financing materialized in the use of biodiversity. This was an • Invasive Species. digitized approximately a geospatial platform, as well as responsible for project include form of time of technical experts, ambitious undertaking at a time • Pollinators. 1,300,000 specimen records ecosystem and protected areas the Implementing Agency, hosting IABIN and meeting site when there was no successful • Protected Areas. and 12 institutions digitized data, coordinating with virtually an Executing Agency, the locations, web-site development, precedent in establishing a • Species and Specimens. 36,840 species records that every engaged government, IABIN Secretariat, the IABIN launching and hosting amongst biodiversity informatics network are available in the SSTN data NGO and academic institution Council and the IABIN Executive others. at this scale and scope. The portal. The SSTN integrates in the hemisphere. Committee, the Coordinating architecture was web-based, and Results more than five million specimen Institutions of the Thematic In addition, Since IABIN’s was designed to seek agreement The project had an ambitious records from 54 institutions Networks, the IABIN Focal inception in 1996, all 34 and build on existing standards target of facilitating at least four PAGE 78 PAGE 79 countries have designated official positions IABIN as a and information made available IABIN focal points. Four IABIN region-wide network aligned by I3N-Bahamas. In Uruguay, Council meetings have been held closely with country priorities an invasive species database with the IABIN focal points and and includes enhanced (InBUy) developed with support a broad representation from cooperation among the 34 from I3N has contributed to the international, NGO, and private participating countries. creation of an official invasive sector communities.  hird, the quality of •T alien species list for Uruguay cooperation with other and of a National and a Coastal Moving Forward development partners has Geographic Information System, The approach used for the been very strong both from a and to awareness raising about establishment of IABIN is technical assistance point of the threat to biodiversity at both definitely one to be scaled up and view (especially from the U.S. national and regional scale. replicated: Geological Services) and the • First, project design is significant financial resources premised on achieving hemi- leveraged from other donors. spheric information sharing on biodiversity by removing Beneficiaries barriers. A review of existing One of the main achievements of biodiversity information this project was to demonstrate networks avoided duplication the use of scientifically sound of efforts and filled a niche data from IABIN outputs in in terms of providing wider decision-making related to access to quality biodiversity biodiversity conservation and information currently scat- sustainable use of natural tered around the Americas. resources. In the Bahamas, Second, the project is built on • for example, the National existing political processes Invasive Species Strategy was and global processes. This developed based on the tools PAGE 80 PAGE 81 Through the Global Develop- potential to provide beneficiaries Households felt the crisis Argentina | ECA ment Learning Network (GDLN), with needed income while also through labor market deteriora- South-South Knowledge Exchange World Bank staff connected maintaining links to labor mar- tion: firms laid off workers and government representatives kets when job opportunities were stopped hiring new employees to Enhancing Knowledge on from Kosovo, Moldova, Serbia, scarce. The exchange therefore reduce their wage bills. Year over Public Works in Europe and Turkey, and Ukraine with a representative from the gov- enhanced the network of public sector professionals both within year increases in unemployment in ECA countries averaged 30 Central Asia (ECA) ernment of Argentina and Bank ECA and among Argentine percent —an absolute increase experts. The objective was to experts. The exchange also from 9.4 million to 12.2 million help ECA policy makers increase enhanced participants’ knowl- between December 2008 and The global financial crisis that started in 2008 Providing Country(ies): their technical knowledge to edge and skills in designing and December 2009. In the face of severely contracted the Gross Domestic Product Argentina strengthen safety nets and implementing sustainable public sharp GDP contractions, many and employment in European and Central Asian Recipient Country(ies): implement counter-cyclical works and health insurance countries implemented or scaled (ECA) countries. To support affected households, the Kosovo, Moldova, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine employment strategies. The ECA programs. up policies and programs to pro- governments of the region began scaling up labor participants, who were grappling tect and create jobs, as well as to market and social assistance programs. The depth Topic(s): Governance and with the social consequences provide unemployment benefits. Anti-corruption, Industry and Strategic Context and breadth of the crisis, however, brought about of the financial crisis, learned Support for affected households Trade Capacity Building Goals: unprecedented social consequences. Thus, ECA directly from policy makers included scaling up passive and Funding Source: South-South Efficiency of Policy • countries were eager to learn from other middle-in- Facility in Argentina who had faced a Instruments active labor market programs, come nations around the world that had successfully labor market crisis a decade strengthening social assistance, Funding Amount: US improved policies to address gaps in anti-crisis $20,000 earlier. The exchange helped The 2008 global financial crisis and maintaining or increasing employment programs. ECA officials understand that hit Europe and Central Asia minimum pensions. The World Start Date: March 23rd, 2011 they faced common challenges (ECA) severely. During 2009, Bank has been working closely End Date: June 30th, 2012 and setbacks in implementing with the governments in ECA across the region the average safety nets to mitigate the impact Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to design tools to mitigate of the crisis. Participants were contracted more than 5 percent, the impact of the crisis on especially interested in public with 20 out of the 29 economies households.1 Bank staff identified works programs because of their registering negative growth. a recurrent demand: to learn PAGE 82 PAGE 83 Secretary of State for Employ- The learning sessions concen- Is there a sustainability plan ment in Argentina’s Ministry of trated on five sets of major in place for the maintenance Labor, described the 2001 crisis technical questions. and follow-up of the results in Argentina and presented the Why are program objectives • both from a cost-benefit per- flagship safety net, the Jefes de important? Is the program spective and from a commu- Hogar (Heads of Household) and intended to provide a nity utilization perspective? Employment Insurance Training temporary safety net or is How will the outcome benefit Programs currently in use in it a long-term employment the community? Argentina. Ms. Berra also talked creation program? What is the monitoring • about designing and implement- What key features are likely • and evaluating plan for ing employment policies that to influence the program’s the program? Does the target the general population overall cost and labor institutional structure allow Bank staff organized a knowledge exchange between Kosovo, Moldova, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine with experts from Argentina to learn and vulnerable segments such absorption potential—the for a clear division between about anti-crisis employment policy responses. as youth and women. Kalanidhi wage rates, number of hours implementing, supervising, Subbarao, a global expert worked, degree of labor and financing the program? about the policy responses and was chosen because it is a design the right tools that lead to on public works, presented intensity? How was the wage experience of both other ECA middle-income country similar meaningful policy reforms. information about public works rate determined? The knowledge exchange par- countries and middle-income to the participant countries and programs from his work around To what extent were the • ticipants requested a number of countries in other regions. because it had suffered a crisis a Description the world. Ihsan Ajwad, Senior minimum wage and the Bank technical reports, including decade earlier. In addition, the Exchange Instruments Economist at the World Bank market wage taken into the policy notes emanating Using funding provided by the exchange aimed to address sev- • Dialogues and author of “The Jobs Crisis: account? from the just-in-time crisis World Bank Institute, Bank staff eral gaps in technical knowledge, Household and Government Re- What is the program’s • monitoring effort in ECA, the organized a knowledge exchange such as how to design effective The Global Development Learn- sponses to the Great Recession targeting methodology? Was evaluation of Argentina’s public between Kosovo, Moldova, counter-cyclical employment ing Network (GDLN) supported in Eastern Europe and Central anything done to include works program, and a number Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine and strategies, how other countries the knowledge exchange though Asia,” provided ECA-specific 2 women in the workforce with of country-specific reports (e.g., experts from Argentina to learn with similar profiles dealt with a series of videoconferences and information and then facilitated this specific program? Latvia) as supplements to the about anti-crisis employment labor market issues in times of electronic interactions. Claudia an interactive discussion based What types of assets and • learning activities. policy responses. Argentina crisis, and how to choose and Berra, the Senior Advisor to the on each country’s experience. infrastructure will be built? PAGE 84 PAGE 85 Outcomes implementing public works. By sufficient reserves to draw on in likely to lead policymakers to minutes to presentations; the Intermediate Capacity talking to other policymakers, case of a crisis. take particular account of these remaining time focused on Outcomes the participants understood that factors in the future. In addition, interactive discussions, which Enhanced Knowledge and • their problems are not unique Overall, the discussions en- participants understood that worked perfectly. Skills and that they can in fact learn hanced the debate about public public works can be used effec- Provide additional informa- • Enhanced Networks • from each other’s successes and works in the region, which is tively as a counter-cyclical tool, tion after the exchange so Increased Implementation • failures. crucial for ECA because of its another realization crucial for learning can continue. Know-how weak history of public works. responding to future crises. Plan ahead and if possible • Raised awareness • The videoconferences paved Having a policymaker who had schedule the exchanges at the way for more information managed the Argentine program Lessons for Effective the beginning of the fiscal The exchange enhanced the sharing between World Bank as a resource person was thus Knowledge Exchange year. A key shortcoming of knowledge and skills of the experts and the participating very beneficial. In addition, Make sure the recipient • this exchange was that it took participants in designing and officials. Upon request, having one recipient country countries feel that the advice place very late in the fiscal implementing sustainable Kalanidhi Subbarao sent out answer the questions posed by is practical. The participation year, which made scheduling public works programs. It several reports on Public Works another recipient country was of an Argentine policymaker additional events difficult. raised awareness of some of the and Social Audits in India to very effective because it gave the in this exchange achieved this common issues and setbacks the ECA officials. Similarly, sense that all participants work result. when implementing public works Polly Jones, who is a principal together to overcome common Use extensive group discus- • programs. The participants also Operations Officer at the World challenges rather than receiving sions rather than prepared improved their understanding Bank, shared information about advice from outsiders. lectures. The format of the of certain related topics, such health and accident coverage in GDLN dedicated only 20 as health insurance and wage Argentina. The ECA participants Long Term Impact setting. The knowledge exchange understood that they have to be A number of aspects of the event also enhanced the network of prepared for future crises and Especially through the Technical Assistance on the Human Development Impacts of the Financial Crisis project.  1 could be sustainable. For exam- The objective of this work is to support ECA clients in responding to the crisis. The project includes monitoring officials in the participating thus need to have the capacity to ple, setting realistic objectives, and analyzing impacts on households (social assistance tracking, labor market monitoring), analysis of micro- ECA countries, so they may design and implement respon- design and targeting criteria as simulations (in poverty, employment, education, and health consumption), policy responses with social safety continue to share experiences sive and scalable employment nets and employment programs, and social sector public expenditures. well as outcomes and monitoring and overcome challenges in programs. They also need came out very strongly and are 2 To read the report, please go to: Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) PAGE 86 PAGE 87 in developing comprehensive, on sectors to develop climate those relying on subsistence | Tanzania Mexico  strategic action plans for change action plans, promote the crops for food and income, and South-South Knowledge Exchange addressing climate change. development of an institutional resulted in economic losses of framework, and set the stage at least 1 percent of GDP. Tan- Comprehensive Climate Change “The Tanzanian representation for Tanzania to leverage climate zania’s vulnerability to climate Planning in Tanzania here strongly acknowledges the need to revamp the climate finance resources to bridge the gap between climate risks to shocks is expected to increase with the warming of the earth change process in Tanzania,” the economy and the cost of and as floods, tropical storms, Tanzania is highly vulnerable to climate shocks, and said Dr. Bonaventure Baya, adaptation measures. and droughts become more Providing Country(ies): droughts, floods, and tropical storms are likely to Mexico, Namibia, South Africa, Director of the National Envi- intense and unpredictable. In a become more intense and unpredictable as the earth Zambia ronmental Management Council. “We will need to look into the letter to the World Bank in 2011, warms. Current climate variability already inflicts Recipient Country(ies): “We want to ensure there is whole climate change manage- Tanzania’s Ministry of Environ- significant economic hardship on Tanzania, which Tanzania new momentum in driving the ment in Tanzania,” Dr. Baya ment sought support to develop is largely dependent on agriculture. A devastating Topic(s): Climate Change process in Tanzania.” said. “Stakeholder participation a comprehensive national drought in 2005 and 2006 affected millions of Funding Source: South-South will bring in new ideas, and climate change strategy, which people, particularly those who relied on subsistence Facility The knowledge exchange include non-state actors to would outline priority adaptation crops for food and income, and resulted in high improved consensus on how reshape the whole procedure.” and mitigation measures as Funding Amount: US climate change challenges can well as clear institutional economic costs. $112,000 be mainstreamed into national Strategic Context responsibilities. The strategy Start Date: June 24th, 2011 development planning. Some of Capacity Building Goals: should enable Tanzania to invest Tanzania is developing a Na- officials and civil organization End Date: April 30th, 2012 the lessons were integrated into • Effectiveness of Organiza- limited development funds to tional Climate Change Strategy representatives to visit Namibia the finalization of the National tional Arrangements promote climate resilience. A to identify climate risks and for a week of workshops and Climate Change Strategy, which recent study on the economics provide a strategic framework study tours. The Tanzanian has involved stakeholders in Tanzania has become increasing- of climate change in Tanzania for mitigating those risks. Using delegates met with representa- the government, civil society ly aware of its high vulnerability funded by the United Kingdom’s South-South Facility funding, tives from Mexico, South Africa, organizations, and international to climate change. In 2005, a Department for International the World Bank arranged for Namibia, and Zambia, who are development partners. Once devastating drought affected Development (DFID) reported high-ranking government recognized as global leaders finalized, the strategy will call millions of people, particularly that future climate change PAGE 88 PAGE 89 impacts could result in an annual reduce 50 percent of greenhouse More than 30 Tanzanian deci- loss of over 2 percent of GDP gas emissions by 2050. With sion-makers, researchers, and by 2030. The same study also funding from the South-South civil society advocates traveled projected that Tanzania would Experience Exchange Facility, the to Windhoek, Namibia in need US$500 million per year to World Bank underwrote Tanzani- October 2011 for an international adapt to current extreme weath- an government officials and other Learning Week on Global Best er events now—future adaptation stakeholders’ travel to Windhoek, Practices in Comprehensive could cost an additional US$150 Namibia for a Learning Week in Climate Change Planning. The million annually. Global Best Practices in Compre- Learning Week was a precursor hensive Climate Change Planning. to the 17th round of international Tanzania specifically requested The Learning Week was intended climate negotiations in Durban, the Bank to connect it with to be a knowledge exchange South Africa in November Mexico, a recognized global leader between the Tanzanian delegation 2011. The representatives from in developing comprehensive, and peers from Mexico, South the government of Tanzania strategic action plans for Africa, Zambia, and Namibia. included members of the addressing climate change in The aim was for Tanzanian Division of Environment at a holistic manner. Mexico has decision-makers and advocates to the Vice President’s Office, the developed a National Climate learn from successful approaches Ministry of Natural Resources Change Strategy and a Special to climate change planning in and Tourism, the Ministry of Climate Change Program, which different economic and regional Agriculture, Food Security and describes emissions targets and contexts and apply these lessons Cooperatives, the Ministry of priority adaptation actions for to their own context. Livestock and Fisheries, and each sector. The country has also the National Environmental prepared climate change plans Description Management Council. The at the state level; these plans Exchange Instruments conference comprised plenary Tanzania’s vulnerability to climate shocks include detailed actions together and interactive working group is expected to increase with climate • Communities of Practice change and as floods, tropical storms, with financing sources. Mexico’s • Conferences sessions, as well as a day and a and droughts become more intense and unpredictable. cross-cutting program aims to • Study Tour half of field visits to observe best PAGE 90 PAGE 91 practices in adaptation technolo- technologies in the housing disseminate the lessons learned varied widely. Thus the exchange The report disseminated by the Climate Change Strategy to gies in Namibia. sector. The delegates also visited even more broadly. helped to raise their knowledge Division of Environment at the incorporate lessons learned two facilities that process wood level; the Tanzanian delegates Vice President’s Office following and recommendations from the The plenary sessions focused on from invasive bush plants Outcomes walked away with a common the exchange reiterated the Learning Week; the Tanzanian challenges for Tanzania, climate into charcoal and wood fuel Intermediate Capacity understanding of the challenges importance of climate change in delegates also emphasized this change strategy development, briquettes. This strategy creates Outcomes faced in their sectors. Many of Tanzania’s development agenda. need in the action plan they climate finance opportunities, a sustainable source of biomass •E  nhanced Knowledge and the participants remarked that It also recommended that wrote during the final days in building broad support for energy from a waste product Skills they would take the lessons Tanzania should operationalize Windhoek. Preparation of the planning, and understanding while improving natural habitat. •I  mproved Consensus and on planning processes at the the existing National Climate Strategy continued in January distinct climate change issues The officials then traveled to the Teamwork national and sector-specific Change Steering Committee 2012 with a meeting of all in the agriculture, water, and Cheetah Conservation Fund, a •I  ncreased Implementation level back to their ministries. All (NCCSC) and National Climate Learning Week participants at energy sectors. Throughout the research and educational orga- Know-how participants rated the content, Change Technical Committee which they shared progress and week, the Namibian, Mexican, nization that works to conserve • Strengthened Coalitions organization, and facilitation (NCCTC), as well as review its collected input for improving the South African, and Zambian the wild cheetah population and of the preliminary sessions as 1997 Environment Policy. final strategy. Further stake- representatives shared their promote alternative land-man- The knowledge exchange im- either excellent or good. They holder consultations occurred countries’ experiences with agement practices. proved the skills of officials from also rated highly the selection of The exchange highlighted the throughout 2012. The Strategy Tanzanian participants and key agencies in mainstreaming sites for the field visits. need to revisit the draft National should be finalized in late 2012. discussed how to apply these Upon returning home, the climate change challenges lessons to Tanzania. Tanzanian delegates met to into national development summarize the main takeaways planning. The activities equipped Participants also visited several from the exchange. They agreed them with the knowledge to projects near Windhoek that on an action plan and decided develop effective policies and demonstrated good practices in to continue meeting to discuss improve Tanzania’s climate climate change planning. The progress on the national climate change resilience. Before the first was the Habitat Research change strategy. Three weeks activities the knowledge and and Development Centre in after the conference, the Vice understanding of the different Bringing together diverse stakeholders Windhoek, which works to President’s Office of Environ- officials on the science, potential with different viewpoints in a learning environment with experts from other develop and pilot sustainable ment circulated a report to impacts, and planning processes countries have a highly positive impact on the national dialogue. PAGE 92 PAGE 93 Long Term Impact Lessons for Effective  his South-South exchange •T Knowledge Exchange Chile l Papua New Guinea Given that a large proportion was held as Tanzania •S  takeholder involvement South-South Knowledge Exchange of Tanzania’s GDP is associated prepared a National Climate needs to go beyond passive with climate sensitive activities, Change Strategy and was particularly agriculture, the consultation and should involve stakeholders outside considering options for Strengthening Natural Tanzania Country Assistance Strategy for FY12–FY15 empha- the government. In this case, climate finance and institu- tional strengthening. As such, Resource Revenue Management sizes Tanzania’s vulnerability the exchange benefited from the participation of civil it was an opportune time and Lowering Volatility in to climate change and calls for Economic and Sector Work society groups and devel- for sharing knowledge and ideas across sectors and with Papua New Guinea opment partners (including (ESW) on the issue. This ESW is civil society. Additionally, the DFID and UNDP). To decrease the negative effects of economic volatility under preparation and will focus commitment to stakeholder Providing Country(ies):  hree-tier consultations— •T induced by fluctuations in commodity prices and to on support to the Government engagement that resulted was Chile, Mongolia sectoral, regional, and of Tanzania to implement the a considerable outcome for improve management of natural resource revenues, Recipient Country(ies): national—worked well in this priorities of the National Climate the planning and implemen- Papua New Guinea wanted to learn international best Papua New Guinea knowledge exchange. Change Strategy. The Bank is tation of Tanzania’s climate practices through exchanges with other developing Topic(s): Energy and Mining,  ringing together diverse •B closely coordinating with DFID change strategy and related countries. Finance stakeholders with different and the United Nations Devel- policies. viewpoints in a learning Funding Source: South-South opment Programme (UNDP) on The World Bank connected needs. Using funding provided Facility environment with experts this support. With the Govern- Papua New Guinea with Chile by the South-South Experience from other countries have a Funding Amount: US ment of Tanzania committed to and Mongolia to learn how to Exchange Facility, high ranking $80,000 highly positive impact on the comprehensive climate change implement policies and create government officials from national dialogue. Having Start Date: January 1st, 2011 planning, sustained engagement governance institutions that Papua New Guinea took part international peers facilitate End Date: April 30th, 2012 by the Bank on capacity building would safeguard and manage in an International Forum on allowed for more constructive and further mainstreaming of windfall mineral resource Sovereign Wealth Funds in discussions focused on climate change in Bank oper- savings, achieve long-term China, held videoconferences creative problem solving and ations in Tanzania should also fiscal stability, and address with Mongolia, and went on a brainstorming. lead to improved outcomes. acute social and infrastructural study tour to Chile. PAGE 94 PAGE 95 “A great deal came from the stabilization and development. the subsequent global economic that it no longer relies solely on The knowledge exchange event allowed Papua New Guinea Chile visit, from the perspective The officials also learned how to crisis. However, like other econo- natural resources. Chile has also included videoconferences, a officials to hold out-of-session of all the agencies involved,” manage mineral resource savings mies overly reliant on mineral managed its mining revenues conference in China, and a study meetings with peers from other said a Papua New Guinea and stabilization funds, establish resources, Papua New Guinea to decrease volatility, optimize tour to Chile. In May 2011, senior participating countries to learn Department of Treasury official. withdrawal rules consistent with suffers from the negative effect earnings, increase fiscal stability, Papua New Guinea government about robust frameworks for “Being able to physically meet longer-term fiscal sustainability, of volatile commodity prices. In and distribute benefits to the officials took part in the Inter- managing significant natural with counterparts gave far more and ensure optimal returns addition, senior policymakers general population. Using fund- national Forum on Sovereign resource revenues. insights into how to develop the while minimizing currency risks. lacked exposure to global best ing provided by the South-South Wealth Funds (SWFs)[i] event in SWF, particularly the frame- Ultimately, this will lead to using practices in managing mineral Experience Exchange Facility, Beijing. The first session pro- The exchange continued with a works and governance structure, natural resource revenues in revenues, decreasing commod- the World Bank connected vided an overview of the recent series of videoconferences with the operational rules, and it also Papua New Guinea to address ity-induced economic volatility, policymakers, economic man- macroeconomic and capital officials from the Department of provided a lot of help around social and infrastructure needs. and maintaining aggregate fiscal agement agency staff, and think market developments relevant Finance of Mongolia and Bank the administrative process of discipline. The country’s windfall tanks and NGO representatives to investment and global asset staff from the Ulaanbaatar office. the SWF.” Strategic Context savings from mineral resource from Papua New Guinea to Chil- allocation. It also presented in- Mongolia was in the midst of Capacity Building Goals exports have not been well ean counterparts, and to officials formation on policy implications tackling the challenges that The exchange helped establish a  fficiency of Policy Instru- •E managed, with over 20 ineffec- from several other countries with for SWFs resulting from the Papua New Guinea wanted to broad coalition to implement the ments tive and insecure trust accounts. experience managing windfall challenging, post-financial-crisis address. lessons learned into a constitu- Those accounts are denominated savings, to learn best practices in environment. The second session tional amendment in Papua New Papua New Guinea has rich in domestic currency—the macroeconomic and institutional discussed in more detail the “The discussion with the Guinea to improve the country’s natural resource deposits, kina—and have very low interest management of natural resource long-term SWF investments Mongolia authorities helped with Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF). including oil, gold, and copper; rates. The fact that commercial revenues. and highlighted the problems the draft of the organic law, and The Chilean experience changed these are also the country’s banks hold half of the accounts of pro-cyclicality in investors’ around the governance structure, Papuan officials’ perspective on main exports. The government’s complicates sterilization efforts Description behavior and extreme sensitivity and investment strategies, most how to design the SWF. They macroeconomic management and leads to net fiscal losses for Exchange Instruments to short-term volatility. The legal aspects of the Fund, said a gained insight on governance improved considerably during the government. • Conferences other sessions covered regulatory Papua New Guinea Department structure and operational the 2004-2008 commodity Meanwhile, Chile has • Dialogues reforms and investment regimes of National Planning official. rules and saw the advantage boom, which helped the econ- implemented a controlled • Study Tour from the perspectives of both ”The points discussed in the of limiting its mandates to omy cope relatively well with diversification of its economy, so investors and recipients. The video conferences were dissem- PAGE 96 PAGE 97 inated through the Technical meetings with officials involved devoted to the SWF work also To share lessons learned, the Papuan Parliament passed the SWF framework. It also support- Working Group meetings. They in the full range of issues around joined the mission, ensuring Papuan delegates gave presenta- main law, and has continued to ed policy changes in institutional were also useful in developing the Chilean SWF, including its that his advice and the lessons tions and disseminated briefs to develop the details of supporting structures to safeguard and how draw-down of funds can be development, political commu- learned during the knowledge their colleagues back home. legislation, regulations, and manage mineral resource savings linked to development needs.” nications, and daily operations. exchange complemented each management arrangements. and stabilization funds. Some The officials also participated in other, broadening the advisor’s Outcomes of the measures implemented In July 2011, 12 high-ranking focused sessions to discuss the exposure and supporting Intermediate Capacity During the visit to Chile, the included establishing withdrawal Papua New Guinea officials trav- applicability of what they had ongoing internalization within Outcomes Papuan delegates learned rules consistent with longer-term eled to Santiago de Chile for a learned to Papua New Guinea. government of Papua New Enhanced Knowledge and • strategies that they later used to fiscal sustainability, ensuring op- week-long study tour. The visits An Australian government Guinea. Skills significantly improve the SWF’s timal returns while minimizing featured an intensive program of advisor to Papua New Guinea Improved Consensus and • robustness. The experience currency risks, and using natural Teamwork changed the Papuan officials’ resource revenues to address Know-how • perspective on how to design the social and infrastructure needs, Raised awareness • SWF, limiting its mandates to while building public support stabilization and development, for a long-term sustainable SWF The knowledge exchange sup- and in that way ensuring more structure. ported government officials from focused work and greater Papua New Guinea in the devel- transparency with limited Long Term Impact opment of an Organic Law—a politicization. They also learned The exchange enhanced the constitutional amendment—for best practices in establishing support provided by Papua New the country’s Sovereign Wealth governance structure, opera- Guinea’s main development Fund (SWF). Through personal tional rules, and administrative partner, the Government of exposure to other emerging process. Australia. The activities coincid- economies’ experiences, key ed with internal reviews of the members of SWF’s Technical The exchange ensured the Australian advisory program, Working Group gained insights establishment of a broader leading Australia to consider into developing such a fund and coalition to implement the a wider range of international The Chilean experience changed Papuan officials’ perspective on how to design a Sovereign Wealth Fund. They gained insight on managing windfall savings. The lessons learned into the new experience to solve Papua New governance structure and operational rules and saw the advantage of limiting its mandates to stabilization and governance. PAGE 98 PAGE 99 Guinea’s policy challenges. Given Knowledge exchanges are • the significant resources provid- more successful if they can Brazil | India, Vietnam South-South Knowledge Exchange ed by Australia, this change is ensure high level government likely to further improve Papua buy-in, as was the case in this New Guinea’s natural resource exchange where the lessons Improving Healthcare revenue management, while also ensuring the country will learned fed into policy development. Waste Management in India benefit from other South-South • Knowledge exchanges offer a and Vietnam exchanges in different areas. valuable tool for development partners to support policy- Good healthcare waste management practices are makers. Experts within the Providing Country(ies): Lessons for Effective difficult to implement, especially when countries lack Knowledge Exchange Brazil country know the formal and the institutional framework and social attitudes to Knowledge exchanges can • informal national institutions Recipient Country(ies): have a greater impact if they support them. India, Vietnam much better and are able are combined with other to implement the lessons Topic(s): Health and Other India has made progress in healthcare officials from the two instruments. In this case, the learned with a greater success Social Services many areas, such as building countries to best practices in exchange, combined with the than international experts Funding Source: Bank Budget institutional arrangements and operational management and policy analysis and support who have knowledge of the public-private partnerships policy implementation, World Funding Amount: US from the World Bank, the issues, but not of the context. $50,000 to improve healthcare waste Bank staff connected India and International Monetary management. However, India Vietnam to Brazil. Having made Start Date: April 1st, 2011 Fund, and the Government still needs to improve cost-effi- significant progress in healthcare End Date: June 30th, 2011 of Australia, made a highly ciency and technology. Vietnam waste management as well as significant contribution to the is in the early stages of moving many other development issues, Sovereign Wealth Fund. away from dated unsanitary and Brazil was eager to share its environmentally detrimental expertise. The knowledge ex- practices in its effort to become change among the three partners [i] For more information about the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and its member countries a modern middle-income aimed at improving policies visit http://www.ifswf.org/index.htm country. To expose high-ranking and healthcare institutions and PAGE 100 PAGE 101 enhancing the knowledge and facilities. This knowledge will holders. To build the rigorous tons of solid healthcare waste and Pacific, South Asia, and A series of videoconferences skills among health officials in help them to implement the institutional frameworks for and 150,000 cubic meters of Latin American and Caribbean though the Global Development Vietnam and India. World Bank-financed Vietnam implementation and monitoring, hospital waste water annually, regions; and improving policies, Learning Network (GDLN) Hospital Waste Management countries require policy reforms, Vietnam still relies on about 500 institutional arrangements, and preceded the study tour. During “Healthcare waste management Support Project. technological innovations, small-scale on-site incinerators technical approaches to hospital these videoconferences the system in Brazil is compre- capacity and awareness building, to dispose of healthcare waste—a waste management in Vietnam participants learned about waste hensive and clear on respon- “Vietnam recognized the and behavioral changes. As practice that India has banned and India. These efforts could management issues in the three sibilities,” said Dr. Nguyen process was very difficult . part of becoming responsible since the 1980s. have a wider impact to other countries and produced a plan Trong Khoa, Deputy Director of . . [as it involved] not only middle-income countries, countries in the regions. for the subsequent knowledge Medical Service at the Ministry technology, but also institutional India and Vietnam have been Brazil has adapted a very exchange activities. of Health of Vietnam. “[We arrangements and intersectoral interested in implementing good efficient Health Care Waste Man- Description learned] very good mechanisms agency cooperation,“ said Ruma healthcare waste management agement System in its hospitals Exchange Instruments In the first days of the study of public and private mix in Tavorath, Senior Environment practices. India has already and wanted to share its experi- • Dialogues tours, Brazil’s National Health charge of healthcare waste Specialist with the World made significant progress in the ences. Using funding provided • Study Tour Surveillance Agency (Agencia treatment.” Bank. “From Brazil, [India and development, capacity building, by the World Bank Institute Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria Vietnam] learned how to create and monitoring of healthcare through a double South-South The main knowledge exchange – ANVISA) and the Brazilian The exchange helped Indian offi- model facilities and how to get waste management, relying Knowledge exchange compe- instrument was a study tour Ministry of Education, which cials feel confident in continuing the community involved.” on its 1998 policy, which was tition (one for South Asia and (June 13-19, 2011) for core staff is in charge of university hos- with reforms. They also learned updated in 2011. However, India one for East Asia and the Pacific members of the state health pitals, provided the knowledge how to involve communities Strategic Context continues to face substantial regions), the Bank connected departments of Vietnam and recipients with an overview and deal with technological and Capacity Building Goals challenges in implementation, Vietnam and India to Brazil. The India to visit their Brazilian of federal-level policies, legal cost-efficiency challenges. The •E  ffectiveness of Organiza- communication to communities, ensuing knowledge exchange counterparts. The selected frameworks, and institutions. Vietnamese delegates were able tional Arrangements and cost-efficiency. Meanwhile, aimed at enhancing knowledge participants were part of World Following the preparatory talks to learn from both Brazil and Vietnam is at a very early stage and skills among health and Bank-supported health projects in Brasilia, the team visited the India. They acquired knowledge In many developing countries, of implementing responsive environmental management in their countries and were provinces of Parana and Rio and skills in financing, building, healthcare waste management is healthcare management officials in Vietnam and India; all actively involved in imple- Grande do Sul to observe first- and maintaining centralized a challenging issue as it crosscuts projects. While the country’s establishing a network among mentation and monitoring of hand provincial and facility-level healthcare waste management multiple sectors and stake- 1,100 hospitals generate 350 institutions in the East Asia healthcare waste management. implementation of health envi- PAGE 102 PAGE 103 Outcomes reduce costs. India also plans modernizing equipment, such Enhanced Knowledge and • to institutionalize public health as replacing thermometers and Skills standards and allocate govern- sphygmomanometers containing Enhanced Networks • ment funds for healthcare waste mercury with mercury-free Improved Consensus and • management to continue the devices, for better waste man- Teamwork completed World Bank-financed agement and safety. They also Know-how • projects in the country. understood the importance of Raised awareness • segregating different healthcare The Indian and Vietnamese par- waste correctly and storing In many developing countries, healthcare waste management is a challenging issue as is crosscuts multiple sectors and stakeholders. The participants became aware ticipants learned how to reduce hazardous waste in interim of procedures and processes that hazardous waste by training storage rooms. ronment management policies. capacity of about 20 tons a day. tion. A Bank-wide resource, the support streamlining healthcare hospital staff in healthcare waste The knowledge recipients visited In Curitiba, the delegates visited toolkit offers recommendations waste management implementa- management. They also under- The Vietnamese officials learned two university hospitals, Clinicas two treatment facilities: one to any government on how to tion and monitoring. stood the importance of using how to implement centralized of Paraná State in Curitiba and uses a 13-ton-a-day autoclave implement healthcare waste effective interactive communi- microwave or autoclave waste Clinicas de Porto Alegre, and and 5-ton incinerators, while management. It will be dissem- Following the exchange, the cation techniques, such as art treatment systems, disinfect three private waste treatment the other has 6 microwave inated to reach a wider range of Indian officials felt confident that shows, comedies, and quiz games waste, and use large-scale facilities with different waste irradiations with a combined stakeholders in the providing they could continue with their to make the information about incinerators that meet environ- management technologies capacity of 6 tons a day. and recipient countries, as well reforms. They also learned how healthcare waste management mental standards. They also (autoclave1, microwave). The delegates also met with as to other countries in the East to involve communities in the more accessible. Thanks to such understood how to involve the representatives from environ- Asia and Pacific, South Asia, and process by increasing awareness strategies, the Clinicas of Paraná private sector in healthcare The team saw firsthand how ment management authorities, Latin American and Caribbean and instructing children on the State in Curitiba in Brazil, for waste management, including hazardous waste was collected a private not-for-profit recycling regions to support the replication issue from an early age. The example, has reduced waste by public-private partnerships and and then stored in sealed facility, and a pre-school program of systematic healthcare waste Indian delegation also saw many 65 percent and lowered costs signing contracts with hospitals containers. In Porto Alegre, for using innovative practices to management. technological improvements significantly, while increasing for collection, transportation, example, Aborgama Company is create environmental awareness. that they could implement and safety for staff and patients. The and final disposal of waste. running a hazardous healthcare Outcomes learned how to segregate waste Indian and Vietnamese delegates In addition, the Indian and waste treatment facility with A toolkit with the lessons learned Intermediate Capacity upfront more efficiently to also learned the importance of Vietnamese delegations learned two autoclaves that have a is in the last stages of produc- PAGE 104 PAGE 105 a number of good practices, realized they have a long way Health Systems Project in India with India to learn about South-South exchanges • which they intend to implement, to go and could use lessons and the newly initiated Vietnam centralized waste management allow for knowledge sharing including learned from both Brazil Hospital Waste Management and public-private partnership between countries that face Transportation of healthcare • and India. “The exchange Support Project. These programs arrangements. similar social, legislative, waste in hard plastic reusable was extremely beneficial could have a cascading effect and enforcement issues. The containers, which is cost-ef- for Vietnam,” said Ruma more broadly in South Asia and Lessons for Effective exchanges could be improved fective and environmentally Tavorath, Senior Environ- East Asia and Pacific regions. Knowledge Exchange by being better structured so sound; ment Specialist with the Logical sequencing was a • recipients receive the right • Increased emphasis on World Bank. “In Vietnam, These interventions will critical factor in the success kind of knowledge. educating children and commitment of high-ranking ultimately improve the environ- of the knowledge exchange communities on waste officials and establishment mental safeguards on infection program. Participants first segregation and recycling; of dedicated teams for the control and waste management. exchanged preliminary • Institutional coherence management of hospital However, achieving these information and knowledge between issues related to waste will greatly contribute environmental goals requires a through the GDLN facility; licensing of project, water to assigning a social value on well thought strategy and long then the in-country learning use and effluent discharge, clean environment, which time horizon for implementation experience was further land use and environmental represents a significant as it also necessitates a change in strengthened through the policies; change in institutional social perceptions. field visits. Emphasis on sound envi- • attitudes.” South-South exchanges • ronmental practices, such as In Vietnam, a key practical are a great resource for sustainable use of water and lesson from the knowledge development. However, Long Term Impact energy. The delegates found exchange that can have long- exchanges could benefit from With regard to the sustainability the green exchange program term impact is the feasibility of sector-wide matchmaking of the knowledge exchange, Viet- launched by the Municipality using non-burning technologies practices to find the right nam and India are applying the of Curitiba, in which recycla- for waste treatment, especially in providers. lessons learned in ongoing Bank ble garbage is exchanged for programs such as the Rajasthan cooperation with the private sec- food, particularly impressive. Health Systems Development tor. Vietnam will also participate • The Vietnamese officials in another knowledge exchange The autoclave process in waste management treatment subjects waste to high-pressurized water steam to  1 Project and the Tamil Nadu sterilize it prior to disposal. PAGE 106 PAGE 107 applied in different institutional needed strengthening, which and Ecuadorian government Ecuador / Latin America settings and country conditions. became particularly apparent as worked together to identify South-South Knowledge Exchange The exchange helped Ecuador public resources increased after provider countries Chile, Uru- design a strategy and better align a global boom in resource prices. guay, Brazil, and Mexico, each Strengthening Public Financial MEF units and other government Ecuador’s Code for Planning and of which had implemented Management Institutions and agencies to begin implementing performance-based, multi-year Budgeting—announced as part of constitutional reforms from 2008 multi-year, performance-based finance management systems Budgeting in Ecuador budgeting. to 2010—required the Govern- using different institutional ment of Ecuador to implement approaches. “From the analysis of big ideas, demanding performance-based The Government of Ecuador was not equipped to Providing Country(ies): which were necessary to jump- management, using multi-year With WBI funding provided manage and invest public funds to maximize the Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay start the activities, the exchange budgeting and planning. through a South-South knowl- public good, especially during a time when Ecuador Recipient Country(ies): [narrowed] to a more operational Furthermore, this system needed edge exchange competition, Bank benefited from a global surge in resource prices. Ecuador field, which ultimately turned to function at national and staff organized videoconferences Topic(s): Finance, Public out to be the burning issue,” decentralized sub-national levels, and a two-day workshop for 44 To meet constitutional require- Finance (MEF) participated in Administration, Law and said Jonas Frank, Senior Public and it also needed to connect mid- and senior-level officials ments mandating implemen- videoconferences and a work- Justice Sector Specialist with the World between the levels. from Ecuador’s MEF to meet tation of “performance-based, shop with various public finance Funding Source: Bank Budget Bank. “This government-to-gov- with various public finance multi-year budgeting,” the experts in Uruguay, Brazil, Chile, Funding Amount: US ernment dialogue was more Looking for guidance to experts in Uruguay, Brazil, Chile, Government of Ecuador reached and Mexico—all countries that $40,000 useful than using international implement these ambitious and Mexico. The exchange aimed out to the World Bank for had successfully implemented consultants.” institutional goals, Ecuadorian to demonstrate international best assistance. performance-based planning and Start Date: February 1st, 2011 officials contacted the World practices and various institu- budgeting. End Date: June 30th, 2011 Strategic Context Bank. Ecuador’s Ministry of tional arrangements for imple- Using World Bank Institute Capacity Building Goals Economy and Finance (MEF) menting performance-based (WBI) funding provided through The Ecuadorian participants Effectiveness of Organiza- • expressed interest in learning budgeting, as well as to stimulate a South-South knowledge saw international best practices tional from the experiences of other policy dialogue in different exchange competition, 44 in action. They learned about Institutions in charge of public countries that had implemented sectors of Ecuador’s government officials from the Ecuadorian diverse budgeting and planning finance management in Ecuador similar reforms. The World Bank on these issues. Ministry of Economy and procedures and strategies PAGE 108 PAGE 109 Description Ecuadorian MEF1. term reforms and risks, dialogue how other countries had and information sharing among Ecuador, planning and prioriti- Exchange Instruments within the government, and dealt with similar issues, the all departments. Following the zation within and between MEF • Conferences During these sessions, the different institutional arrange- exchange helped Ecuador exchange, MEF began rearrang- and SENPLANDES is important • Dialogues supplier countries shared their ments for implementation and design a strategy and align MEF ing responsibilities within its for Ecuador’s development and experiences with multi-year, performance management. units, and other government units, especially its Budget and growth. Coordination between In the first stage of the exchange, results-based budgeting and agencies, to begin implementing Treasury units. SENPLADES and MEF will also the World Bank held initial talks discussed how budgeting helped During both stages, World Bank performance-based, multi-year improve statistical reporting, with the providing countries to achieve sector, sub-national, and staff guided the participants in budgeting. The MEF officials also learned such as macroeconomic indica- brief them about Ecuador’s situ- national goals. The discussions identifying tools and procedures that they needed to coordinate tors2, in Ecuador. ation and needs. The knowledge covered different tools and that Ecuador could apply in Realizing the importance of planning, design, and monitor- providers then took the time to strategies, risks and challenges, the short and long term. The collaboration between MEF units ing and evaluation (M&E) with prepare precise presentations as well as progress updates and participants were particularly in areas such as staffing and the Ecuadorian office of planning about implementation processes, outcomes. eager to learn the immediate information sharing, the officials (SENPLADES). Given the legal frameworks, and manage- steps needed to facilitate imple- wanted to improve coordination increase in public investment in ment challenges. In June 2011, the countries mentation. all participated in a two-day, In May 2011, senior and face-to-face workshop in Outcomes mid-level Ministry of Economy Quito. Ecuadorian policymakers Intermediate Capacity and Finance (MEF) officials then first presented challenges Outcomes participated in four videocon- in three areas: macro-fiscal  ncreased Implementation •I ferences, one with each of the situation, sector planning  aised awareness •R knowledge-providing countries. and budget management, and Officials from the ministries of quality of services. The four The Ecuadorian participants finance and other institutions of knowledge-providing countries learned about different budget- Uruguay, Brazil, and Mexico, and then gave presentations about ing and planning procedures and representatives from the Catholic how each had addressed these strategies, applied in different University of Chile, provided challenges. The participants institutional settings and country knowledge to 44 officials in the discussed best practices, long- conditions. By demonstrating PAGE 110 PAGE 111 The officials also realized that cies and leakage of funds—as well Ecuador’s Deputy Minister of in the recipient entity. In they needed to strengthen as solutions to these challenges. Economy and Finance, has this case, Ecuador’s Deputy links between sub-national and The Ecuadorians decided to requested further World Bank Minister of Economy and national government. The MEF proceed cautiously. support to focus on sub-national Finance took leadership in is establishing a unit to monitor government planning and the inviting the participants, sub-national finance—a very Long Term Impact fiscal framework. signing the certificates, important step in a country This knowledge exchange and providing the political where expenditures are increas- aligned with other World Bank Lessons for Effective impetus for the exchange. ingly decentralized. Knowledge Exchange It is critical to conduct • projects in Ecuador and fits  or successful exchange •F internal dialogue “horizontal- into the country’s development The knowledge exchange also implementation, invest ly,” which can be challenging strategy. Because Ecuador’s contributed to MEF officials’ considerable time and in entities with a culture of ambitious legal reforms will increased awareness of the risks resources in the planning vertical decision-making. take several years to implement, of applying results-based bud- stage and tailor the program Making good use of grant • the lessons learned from the geting and planning, particularly to country needs. resources is important to exchange will be useful through- in a multi-level decentralized  overnment-to-government •G help the exchange organizers out the restructuring process government. While realizing knowledge exchanges—in- respond to unforeseen until budgeting, planning, and the appropriateness of imple- stead of an extensive use circumstances in designing sub-national governance are well menting a performance-based of consultants—can greatly and implementing the coordinated. financial management system, enhance learning outcomes exchange. the Ecuadorians also learned and credibility of advice. The MEF is considering about the complexity of such a  iving participants a certif- •G options for following up on the system.3 The Ecuadorian officials icate as proof of successful exchange, including regularly became aware of the dangers that completion of the program bringing experts from the could result if reforms were not provides additional incentive. supplier countries to Ecuador completed or were implemented  xchange success often relies •E to provide technical assistance. inconsistently—such as the devel- on the direct involvement The Ministry of Economy and opment of inefficient bureaucra- and leadership of authorities Finance (MEF), including PAGE 112 PAGE 113 The knowledge exchange helped formed the design of two World ize agriculture includes attract- Brazil l Ghana the Ghanaian participants Bank projects financed through ing commercial investment in South-South Knowledge Exchange expand their knowledge of the International Development production, agribusiness, and Public Private Partnerships Association (IDA): the Ghana ancillary activities. In addition to Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). They learned how to Public Private Partnership improving the overall investment in Irrigation handle risks, negotiate contracts, and build up the pertinent Project and the Component 2 of the Commercial Agriculture climate, the government was looking into more direct mech- government institutions. They Development Project, which anisms for supporting sound The Government of Ghana has made private invest- understood that political will focuses on establishing PPPs. investors. Ghana has recently Providing Country(ies): ment in infrastructure and services through Public Brazil is paramount to the success formulated a National Policy Private Partnerships (PPPs) a development priority. of PPPs, especially in the Strategic Context on Public-Private Partnerships Recipient Country(ies): This commitment is in response to a major infra- Ghana institutional building stage. Capacity Building Goals (PPPs) to catalyze private sector structure deficit, a narrow fiscal space, and a legacy of The delegates also learned how • Effectiveness of Organiza- investment and spur job cre- Topic(s): Water, Sanitation inefficient public service delivery. and Flood Protection to enact provisions to make tional Arrangements ation, improvements in infra- the projects more attractive structure, and economic growth. Funding Source: South-South Improved infrastructure a knowledge exchange between and marketable. They learned Despite rapid economic growth Although the government is Facility services are critical to economic Ghana and Brazil. Financed by several important lessons from driven by exponentially increas- especially interested in large- Funding Amount: US growth. Ghana will draw on the the South-South Experience Brazil’s Pontal irrigation project ing oil production revenues, scale irrigation, it is also keen to $101,270 private sector for new sources Exchange Facility, the exchange that are directly applicable to Ghana remains fundamentally avoid enclave developments and Start Date: May 1st, 2011 the Accra Plains Scheme. These to support small-holder partici- of capital and more effective centered on extracting lessons dependent on agriculture, with service delivery mechanisms. from Brazil’s recent experience End Date: June 30th, 2012 include the need for a strong about one-third of the economy pation as much as possible. The One area needing reform is with PPPs, in particular the water sector regulator, handling reliant on the sector. Moreover, Ministry of Food and Agriculture agricultural services, which Pontal Irrigation Scheme. The risk allocation in the project agriculture there is largely a (MoFA) and the Ministry of includes irrigation. A World exchange took place between design, and connecting irrigation small-holder activity and at the Finance and Economic Planning Bank technical team supporting July and September 2011 and to commercial agriculture and mercy of the weather. Large (MoFEP)i had identified the the government in agribusiness included a week-long study tour infrastructure development. areas are under-utilized but Accra Plains Irrigation Project and PPP development facilitated to Brazil. The lessons learned during the could become very fertile. The as the initial PPP transaction in knowledge exchange also in- government’s agenda to modern- the agribusiness sector, building PAGE 114 PAGE 115 Description In June 2011, the Ghanaian culture, the Ministry of Trade Exchange Instruments officials went on a week-long and Industry, and the Ministry of • Conferences study tour to Brazil where they Finance and Economic Planning, • Dialogues gained first-hand knowledge as well as the Ghana Irrigation • Study Tour from Brazilian peers on their Development Authority, the experience developing PPPs in Environment Protection Agency, Three components of the Knowl- irrigation. The delegation met the Lands Commission, and edge Exchange contributed to a with key government officials the Savannah Accelerated robust sharing of experiences. in Brasilia and then conducted Development Authority. All The participants started with a field visit to the Pontal and events allowed opportunity brainstorming and pre-trip Nilo Coehlo irrigation schemes for feedback, discussion, and videoconferences. These were in the State of Pernambuco. A clarification of the issues and held in May 2011 and enabled final wrap-up meeting took place their relevance to the Ghanaian participants to discuss Brazil’s at the end of the study tour for situation. irrigation projects, outline the participants to reflect on the trip’s objectives and agenda, experience and discuss lessons Outcomes on previous investments and incorporated key private and roles, and inform the technical and define key areas of interest learned. Intermediate Capacity feasibility design work. The public stakeholders in setting the design, development timeline, to target for the Ghanaian Outcomes government also aims to convert priorities of the transaction pro- and transaction structuring delegation. The officials as- Upon returning home, the del- Enhanced Knowledge and • its irrigation authority from an cess to develop its agriculture. of the Accra Plains Irrigation sembled a trip briefing book, egation held several briefings to Skills implementer to a regulator. Using funding provided through Project. In addition, the World which contained a background share its study tour experience. Enhanced Networks • the South-South Experience Bank is assisting Ghana in summary of Brazil’s experience A PPP specialist hired as part of Increased Implementation • Brazil once faced a similar eco- Exchange Facility, World Bank developing a PPP Investment to-date with irrigation PPPs, the exchange also ran PPP clinics nomic situation to Ghana’s, but staff connected the two countries Projectii and a Commercial including Brazil’s PPP Law of at these dissemination events. The Ghanaian participants through innovation and reforms so Ghanaian officials could learn Agriculture Project,iii in which 2004, the Pontal Irrigation PPP The activities were meant to enhanced their knowledge of it has achieved significant growth how to implement PPPs in large- PPPs in agribusiness are a draft concession contract, and a reach a large group of stakehold- how to develop PPP transactions in the agricultural sector. Thus scale irrigation. The Ghanaians central component. report on irrigated agriculture in ers in several ministries, such as in irrigation, how to identify Ghana was interested to learn wanted to learn how to identify the Brazilian semi-arid region. the Ministry of Food and Agri- and mitigate the safeguards and how the Brazilian Government existing capacity gaps, clarify PAGE 116 PAGE 117 commercial risks, and how to policy and more clarity on the tract design. One aspect that it needs to consider carefully, Commercial Agriculture Project Tailor knowledge exchanges • shape the role of the government roles of different institutions. had initially deterred many based on dialogue with (P114264) is focused on building to specific concerns of around the core responsibilities Discussions during the dissemi- private firms from bidding potential investors, whether PPPs in the agribusiness sector participants. necessary to implement suc- nation workshops also indicated for the Pontal scheme was the to seek an irrigation service and encompasses investment in If possible, include follow-up • cessful PPPs. They understood improved understanding of the perception of excessive risk provider while simultane- the Accra Plains Irrigation Proj- events. In this case, the the important role of asset transaction procedures necessary burden on the private sector ously pursuing commercial ect. The project has identified follow-up events ensured that exploration and began to analyze to make projects more attractive operator. Ghana learned that agriculture developers. 15,000 hectares for a substantial participants fully internalized the technical characteristics of and marketable. it needs to be careful not to Provide strong political • irrigation investment to be the experiences while pre- the land. The participants also overburden the private sector leadership from the top. managed by a PPP to supply senting the lessons learned to drew guidance from Brazil’s The Knowledge Exchange with commercial risk. This Learning from Brazil’s water to both large commercial ministers and officials. experience on designing PPPs resulted in several important situation can be mitigated by experience, Ghana saw farms and an outgrower scheme. It is helpful to have an • in irrigation, which they will concrete lessons for the design using availability payments first-hand the need to have Similarly, the proposed Ghana expert consultant as an use in the Accra Plains project. of the Accra Plains Irrigation for services provided. strong political commitment PPP Project (P125595) will make independent resource person. They learned that they needed to Project:  onsider whether to separate •C to PPP development at the resources available to support Participants can get technical consider parallel infrastructure  evelop a strong sector reg- •D irrigation provision from highest levels of public office. PPPs in all key sectors as well support while completing the projects: not just for irrigation, ulator. Brazil regulates water commercial agriculture In addition, central and line as finance select PPP projects. activities of the knowledge but also for telecommunications, tariffs through its National development. At the end of ministries must have strong This work builds on technical exchange. electricity, and roads. One of Water Agency (ANA). ANA is the procurement process political support in order assistance work provided to the the most significant realizations also responsible for much of for Pontal, the government to effectively move the PPP government over the last two concerned the time scale to the monitoring and evalu- of Brazil received feedback transaction forward. years to assist in their planning get a project to market. The ation of water quality and from investors that given the and development of the PPP Ghanaians applied what they’d contract performance over particulars of the scheme Long Term Impact Program. learned to finalize the Terms of Pontal. Thus the Ghanaian they preferred to separate the The grant-supported activities Reference for the PPP Pre-Fea- delegates understood they responsibility for commercial fell directly in line with two Lessons for Effective sibility Analysis for the Accra must also establish a water agriculture development International Development Knowledge Exchange Plains Irrigation Project. The sector regulator responsible from irrigation service. The Association (IDA) projects that Make sure to prepare • Ghanaian government arrived at for setting tariff levels. issue pertains to Ghana, too. were under preparation at the relevant materials for partici- a greater understanding of key  llocate risk carefully in con- •A The government understood same time. Component 2 of the pants prior to the study tours. PAGE 118 PAGE 119 Through their understanding of Brazil’s experience, Ghanaian participants enhanced their knowledge of how to develop public-private partnerships in irrigation, how to identify and mitigate the safeguards and commercial risks, and how to shape the role of the government around the core responsibilities necessary to implement successful partnerships. The government has established a Project Advisory Unit (PAU) within MOFEP to guide PPP transactions from  i development to commercial closure. ii The objective of this $19 million Adaptable Program Lending (APL) project is to improve the legislative,  institutional, financial, fiduciary, and technical framework for PPP projects. Leveraging greater volumes of private sector investment in infrastructure provision is a critical Program end-objective. The two-phased APL is designed to promote the creation of a sustainable and cost-effective PPP market in Ghana. iii The project’s development objective is increased access to land, private sector finance, and input- and out-  put-markets by smallholder farms from PPPs in commercial agriculture in the Accra Plains and the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) zone. PAGE 120 Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA http://wbi.worldbank.org/sske/result-stories http://www.worldbank.org/results/ February 2013