A REVIEW OF FLOOD PROTECTION INVESTMENT PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE WORLD BANK Prepared by the Water Resources and Watershed Management Thematic Group1 World Bank Lending in Flood Protection Between FY87 and end of calendar year 2011, the World Bank had approved 188 projects (only investment operations) that included at least one activity related to flood protection. Total funding for these projects, including IBRD loans, IDA credits and grants, amounted US$14.3 billion, out of which direct World Bank support to flood protection was about US$4.4 billion or 30 percent of overall commitments. Support for flood protected experienced the highest level ever in FY11, in term of both number of projects as well as commitment amounts (Figure 1). Bank financing participation for all flood protection activities is estimated at 49 percent of activities’ costs. Figure 1: Approved Flood Protection Projects by Fiscal Year 800 32 700 Commitment amount 28 600 Number of approved projects 24 Number of projects 500 20 US$ million 400 16 300 12 200 8 100 4 0 0 Fiscal Year Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. Note: * It only includes projects approved by end of calendar year 2011. The flood protection portfolio is characterized by a sharp decline in commitments (in current prices) during the period FY01-03, reaching the lowest point (about US$33 million) in FY03. The period FY07-11 saw an increase in commitments for flood protection and the number of projects presented to the Board more than any other previous quinquennium (Figure 2). The increase in commitment was driven by two large projects: the FY07 Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project in Poland (with US$160 million commitment to flood protection) and the FY11 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project in Bangladesh (with US$324 million commitment to flood protection). 1 Prepared at the request of Thematic Group members in January 2012. For additional information about this note and the database, please contact Rita Cestti, Rcestti@worldbank.org. Figure 2: World Bank Support to Flood Protection by Quinquennium 2,000 100 1,800 90 1,600 80 Number of projects US$ millions 1,400 70 1,200 60 1,000 50 800 40 600 30 400 20 200 10 - - FY87-91 FY92-96 FY97-01 FY02-06 FY07-11 Commitment amount Number of projects Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. Regional Distribution of Flood Protection Commitments Overall Bank commitments for flood protection made between FY87 and end-December 2011 are dominated by projects in three regions: East Asia and Pacific with 34 percent of total commitment, South Asia with 25 percent and Latin America and Caribbean with 19 percent (Figure 3). A closer analysis indicates that 60 projects in 9 countries, led by China, account for nearly 80 percent of the overall Bank commitment for flood protection (Figure 4). Figure 3: Overall Bank Commitments for Flood Protection by Region AFR ($273 M) SAR ($1,103 6% M) 25% EAP ($1,499 M) 34% MNA ($227 M) 5% LAC ($832 M) 19% ECA ($463 M) 11% Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. Figure 4: Bank Commitments for Flood Protection by Country 1,400 Commitment amount (US$ million) 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 - Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. Note: It only accounts for 78 percent of the overall Bank commitment. It shows countries with more than US$100 million commitments for flood protection. The various colors in the bars indicate commitments for flood protection by project. In the case of China for example, there are 19 projects supporting flood protection. In the case of Bangladesh, the number of projects amounts to 13. Dedicated and Non-Dedicated Flood Protection Projects Overall, the flood protection portfolio includes dedicated and non-dedicated flood protection projects. In this review, a dedicated flood protection project is defined as the one that meets the following two criteria: at least 40 percent of its commitment is allocated to flood protection; and the greatest proportion of its commitment is allocated to flood protection. Seventy seven projects or about 41 percent of the approved projects fit the definition of dedicated projects. The number of dedicated projects experienced a considerable increase from FY04 onwards, reaching the pick of 12 projects in FY11 (Figure 5). Figure 5: Number of Dedicated and Non-Dedicated Approved Flood Protection Projects by Fiscal Year 30 25 Non-Dedicated Number of projects Dedicated 20 15 10 5 0 Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. Regional Distribution of Approved Dedicated Flood Protection Projects Data from approved dedicated flood protection projects approved between FY87 and end- December 2011 reveal that three-quarters of Bank commitment is concentrated in East Asia and Pacific, South Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, with East Asia and the Pacific committing far more than any other region, about 40 percent or US$1.1 billion. Support for flood protection under these dedicated projects represents 70 percent of overall Bank commitments. Bank financing participation in these projects is estimated at 45 percent of flood protection activities’ costs. Both East Asia and the Pacific Region and South Asia tend to lend more on average per project at US$72.7 million and US$54.1 million, respectively (Figure 6). Figure 6: Total and Average World Bank Commitment in Dedicated Flood Protection Projects by Region 1,200 90% 80 72.7 1,000 75% 70 US$ million per project 60 54.1 US$ million 800 60% 600 45% 50 400 30% 40 33.7 200 15% 30 25.2 22.4 0 0% 20 EAP SAR LAC ECA MNA AFR 7.6 10 0 Commitment amount EAP SAR ECA MNA LAC AFR As percent of total commitment Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. The region with the largest number of dedicated (and approved) flood protection projects is Latin American and Caribbean (21), follow-up by East Asian and Pacific (15) and Africa (14) (Figure 7). China has the largest number of dedicated projects (7). Twenty-three dedicated projects in China (7), Bangladesh (6), Argentina (4), Poland (1), India (3) and Iran (2) account for more than three-quarters of the World Bank commitments for flood protection (Table 1). The dedicated flood protection projects approved between FY87 and end-calendar year 2011 are spread over 6 Sector Boards. The Urban Sector Board oversees more dedicated flood protection projects (38 percent) than any other sector board, which represents 16 percent of the volume of commitments. It is followed by the Agriculture and Rural Development Sector Board, which oversees 25 percent of the projects and 40 percent of the commitments, and the Water Sector Board, which oversees 21 percent of the projects and 41 percent of the commitments (Figures 8 and 9). Figure 7: Number of Dedicated Flood Protection Projects by Region AFR (14) EAP (15) 18% 20% SAR (9) 12% LAC (21) 27% ECA (11) MNA (7) 14% 9% Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. Figure 8: Number of Dedicated Flood Protection Projects by Sector Board Agriculture Water and Rural 21% Development 25% Environment Financial and 12% Private Sector Development 2% Transport Urban 2% Development 38% Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. Figure 9: Volume of Commitment Dedicated Flood Protection Projects by Sector Board Agriculture and Rural Water Development 41% 40% Financial and Private Sector Environment 3% Urban Development Transport Development 0% 0% 16% Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. The Flood Protection Pipeline The FY12-13 pipeline includes 33 projects with at least one activity related to flood protection, with a total expected funding of US$1.8 billion. About 50 percent or US$0.88 billion of World Bank commitments are expected to finance flood protection activities. Although number of projects and commitments for flood protection for FY12-13 are expected to be lower than those for FY11, lending prospects in flood protection are showing a substantial increase over the period FY08-10 (Figure 10). Figure 10: Flood Protection Projects by Fiscal Year 800 32 Amount expected to be committed 700 28 Commitment amount 600 24 Number of approved projects Number of projects 500 20 US$ million Number of projects in pipeline 400 16 300 12 200 8 100 4 0 0 Fiscal Year Source: Comprehensive database on flood protection projects prepared on the basis of the data contained in the Water Portal, accessed on January 6, 2012. More than half of these projects (17) are considered dedicated flood protection projects, and account for 86 percent or US$0.76 billion of all expected commitments for flood protection. This represents 76 percent of expected commitments under the dedicated projects. The pipeline shows that 6 projects will go to the Board in FY12 and 11 in FY13 (Table 2). The Urban Sector Board is expected to oversee 53 percent of the dedicated flood protection projects and 66 percent of the commitments. This is followed by the Water Sector Board, which is expected to oversee 23 percent of the projects and 21 percent of the commitments. Table 1: World Bank Approved Dedicated Flood Protection Projects Since FY87 Country FY Project Name Total Cost Flood Protection World Bank Commitment (US$ million) US$ Cost million % US$ IBRD IDA Grant Total For Flood million Control Africa Africa 2007 Eastern Nile Flood Prevention and Early Warning Project Phase 1 4.1 50 2.0 - - 3.5 3.5 1.7 2012 Strengthening ICPAC as a regional centre of excellence for 0.4 50 0.2 - - 0.4 0.4 0.2 disaster risk reduction Benin 2008 Second Decentralized City Management Project - Additional 46.6 70 32.6 - 40.0 - 40.0 28.0 Financing Burkina Faso 2011 Maintreaming Disaster Reduction (GFDRR) 1.4 100 1.4 - - 1.4 1.4 1.4 Central 2011 Emergency Urban Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance 23.9 49 11.7 - 23.9 - 23.9 11.7 African Project - Additional Financing Republic Ethiopia 2009 Flood Risks Prevention Project 0.3 100 0.3 - - 0.3 0.3 0.3 Madagascar 1990 Antananarivo Plain Development 68.6 40 27.4 - 30.5 - 30.5 12.2 Mali 2011 Maintreaming Disaster Reduction (GFDRR) 1.4 100 1.4 - - 1.4 1.4 1.4 Sao Tome and 2011 Adaptation to Climate Change 4.1 80 3.3 - - 4.2 4.2 3.3 Principe Senegal 2012 Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation 5.0 100 5.0 - - 5.0 5.0 5.0 Project Seychelles 2008 National Disaster Preparedness and Response Project 2.4 50 1.2 - - 0.9 0.9 0.5 Togo 2009 Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project 26.8 40 10.7 - 25.0 - 25.0 10.0 2011 Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project - 15.0 86 12.9 - 15.0 - 15.0 12.9 Additional Financing Uganda 1999 Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project 22.4 79 17.7 - 22.4 - 22.4 17.7 East Asia and Pacific China 2008 China Bengbu Integrated Environment Improvement Project 224.0 50 112.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 2011 Huai River Basin Flood Management and Drainage Improvement 597.4 65 388.3 200.0 - - 200.0 130.0 2005 Hunan Urban Development Project 364.2 45 163.9 172.0 - - 172.0 77.4 1993 Taihu Basin Flood Control Project 497.3 100 497.3 100.0 100.0 - 200.0 200.0 1994 Xiaolangdi Multipurpose Project 2,294.7 50 1,147.4 460.0 - - 460.0 230.0 2009 Xining Flood and Watershed Management 188.0 60 112.8 100.0 - - 100.0 60.0 2000 Yangtze Dike Strengthening Project 545.5 97 529.1 210.0 - - 210.0 203.7 East Asia and 2011 Building Community Resilience in EAP (GFDRR) 0.2 50 0.1 - - 0.2 0.2 0.1 Pacific Fiji 2010 Integrated Flood Management - Nadi Basin Pilot 1.4 80 1.1 - - 0.8 0.8 0.7 Country FY Project Name Total Cost Flood Protection World Bank Commitment (US$ million) US$ Cost million % US$ IBRD IDA Grant Total For Flood million Control Indonesia 2006 Emergency Rehabilitation of Drainage and Flood Protection 4.5 80 3.6 - - 4.5 4.5 3.6 Systems in Banda Ache 2009 TA for Jakarta Flood Mitigation 5.0 50 2.5 - - 5.0 5.0 2.5 Malaysia 1987 Western Johore Agricultural Development Project (02) 148.3 62 91.9 55.0 - - 55.0 34.1 Samoa 2004 Cyclone Emergency Recovery Project 6.0 75 4.5 - 4.5 - 4.5 3.4 Vietnam 2006 Natural Disaster Risk Management Project 102.5 70 71.8 - 86.0 - 86.0 60.2 1999 Three Cities Sanitation Project 119.5 43 51.4 - 80.5 - 80.5 34.6 Europe and Central Asia Albania 2008 Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Project 10.2 43 4.4 3.0 6.2 - 9.2 3.9 Central Asia 2011 Central Asia Hydrometeorology Modernization Project 27.7 66 18.3 - 20.7 - 20.7 13.7 Croatia 1999 Kopacki Rit Wetlands Management Project 0.8 60 0.5 - - 0.8 0.8 0.5 1998 Reconstruction Project for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western 50.0 68 34.0 40.6 - - 40.6 27.6 Srijem Cyprus 1988 Southern Conveyor Project (02) 164.5 94 154.7 30.0 - - 30.0 28.2 Georgia 2005 Irrigation and Drainage Community Development Project 16.1 65 10.5 - 13.0 - 13.0 8.5 Additional Financing Kyrgyz 1999 Flood Emergency Project 14.1 69 9.7 - 10.0 - 10.0 6.9 Republic 2011 Coordination of Emergency Situations 1.5 100 1.5 - - 1.5 1.5 1.5 Poland 2007 Odra River Basin Flood Protection 489.0 87 425.4 184.0 - - 184.0 160.1 Romania 2004 Hazard Risk Mitigation & Emergency Preparedness Project 196.7 50 98.3 150.0 - - 150.0 75.0 Serbia 2007 Serbia Irrigation and Drainage Rehabilitation Project Additional 62.5 90 56.3 49.4 - - 49.4 44.4 Financing Latin America and Caribbean Argentina 2006 Argentina - Urban Flood Prevention and Drainage APL 2 91.6 70 64.1 70.0 - - 70.0 49.0 1997 Flood Protection Project 420.0 85 357.0 200.0 - - 200.0 170.0 1993 Flood Rehabilitation Project 270.0 40 108.0 - - - - - 2005 Urban Flood Prevention and Drainage APL1 190.0 94 178.6 130.0 - - 130.0 122.2 Brazil 2009 BR Municipal APL: Sao Luis Enhancing Municipal Governance 59.4 52 30.9 35.6 - - 35.6 18.5 and Quality of Life Project 2007 BR Municipal APL1: Uberaba 28.8 41 11.8 17.3 - - 17.3 7.1 Central 2011 Central America DRR & CCA Program 0.7 100 0.7 - - 0.7 0.7 0.7 America 2009 Central America Mitch +10 Report and Summit 0.2 100 0.2 - - 0.2 0.2 0.2 Costa Rica 2011 Adaptive Natural Resources Management will Bolster Cabécar 0.2 100 0.2 - - 0.2 0.2 0.2 Communities Country FY Project Name Total Cost Flood Protection World Bank Commitment (US$ million) US$ Cost million % US$ IBRD IDA Grant Total For Flood million Control 2010 Costa Rica Pilot on Early Warning Systems for 0.3 70 0.2 - - 0.3 0.3 0.2 Hydrometeorological Hazards Dominica 1999 Dominica Emergency Recovery & Disaster Management Project 6.0 68 4.1 2.5 1.8 - 4.3 2.9 Ecuador 2008 Disaster Risk Reduction Program for the Municipalities of Quito 1.0 100 1.0 - - 1.0 1.0 1.0 1991 Guayas Flood Control 150.0 50 75.0 59.0 - - 59.0 29.5 Grenada 2001 Emergency Recovery & Disaster Management Project 11.8 68 8.0 5.1 5.0 - 10.1 6.8 Guyana 2008 Conservancy Adaptation Project 5.0 97 4.9 - - 3.8 3.8 3.7 Haiti 2012 Disaster Risk Management and Reconstruction 60.0 50 30.0 - 60.0 - 60.0 30.0 Jamaica 2010 Community-based Landslide Risk Reduction (JSDF Grant) 2.5 100 2.5 - - 2.5 2.5 2.5 OECS 2011 Regional Disaster Vulnerability Reduction APL1 - Grenada and 53.1 68 36.1 - 20.9 - 20.9 14.2 Countries St. Vincent and the Grenadines St. Lucia 2009 Disaster Management Project II - Additional Financing 4.0 90 3.6 - 3.0 - 3.0 2.7 2004 Disaster Management Project II 8.9 60 5.3 3.7 3.8 - 7.5 4.5 1996 Watershed and Environmental Management Project 7.1 80 5.7 2.6 2.7 - 5.3 4.2 Middle East and North Africa Djibouti 2007 Flood Emergency Rehabilitation - Additional Grant 2.0 40 0.8 - 2.0 - 2.0 0.8 2010 Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Monitoring System 0.9 50 0.5 - - 0.9 0.9 0.5 Iran, Islamic 1992 Sistan River Flood Works Rehabilitation Project 100.0 92 92.0 57.0 - - 57.0 52.4 Republic of 1992 Tehran Drainage Project 95.6 95 90.8 77.0 - - 77.0 73.2 Yemen, 1990 Taiz Flood Disaster Prevention & Municipal Development Project 28.8 40 11.5 - 15.0 - 15.0 6.0 Republic of 2002 Taiz Municipal Development and Flood Protection Project 50.0 74 37.0 45.2 45.2 33.4 2008 Taiz Municipal Development and Flood Protection Project 22.1 52 11.5 - 20.0 - 20.0 10.4 South Asia Bangladesh 1996 Coastal Embankment Rehabilitation 87.8 85 74.6 - 53.0 - 53.0 45.1 1999 Coastal Embankment Rehabilitation - Additional Financing 16.5 58 9.6 - 16.5 - 16.5 9.6 2009 Dhaka Water Supply and Sanitation Project 165.7 51 84.5 - 149.0 - 149.0 76.0 1999 River Bank Protection Project - Additional Financing 45.0 94 42.3 - 45.0 - 45.0 42.3 1996 River Bank Protection Project 192.0 93 178.6 - 121.9 - 121.9 113.4 2008 Water Management Improvement Project 136.7 64 87.5 - 102.3 - 102.3 65.4 India 2010 Bihar Flood Management Information System Phase II 1.5 100 1.5 - - 1.5 1.5 1.5 1991 Dam Safety Project 196.8 87 171.2 23.0 130.0 - 153.0 133.1 2007 Bihar Flood Management (DFID) 0.6 100 0.6 - - 0.6 0.6 0.6 Table 2: World Bank Dedicated Flood Protection Projects in the FY12-13 Pipeline Country FY Project Name Total Cost Flood Protection World Bank Commitment (US$ million) US$ Cost million % US$ IBRD IDA Grant Total For Flood million Control Africa Senegal 2012 Stormwater Mgt. and Climate Change Adaptation Project 86.2 60 51.7 - 55.2 - 55.2 33.1 Togo 2012 Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation & Energy Project - 14.0 80 11.2 - 14.0 - 14.0 11.2 Additional Financing East Asia and Pacific China 2013 Guangxi Laibin Water and Environment 160.0 50 80.0 - - - - - 2013 Ma'anshan Cihu River Basin Improvement Project 286.0 50 143.0 110.0 - - 110.0 55.0 Indonesia 2012 Jakarta Urgent Flood Mitigation Project 189.9 100 189.9 139.6 - - 139.6 139.6 Mongolia 2012 Improving Disaster Risk Management in Mongolia 2.7 50 1.4 - - 2.7 2.7 1.4 Pacific 2013 Integrated Flood Management: Pilot Project, Nadi, Fiji - 100 - - - - - - Islands Solomon 2013 Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards. 2.7 60 1.6 - - - - - Islands Vanuatu 2013 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction. 2.7 60 1.6 - - - - - Europe and Central Asia Albania 2013 Water Resources and Irrigation Project 40.0 50 20.0 40.0 - - 40.0 20.0 Kazakhstan 2013 Syr Darya Control and Northern Aral Sea Project - Phase II 325.8 40 130.3 165.8 - - 165.8 66.3 Latin America and Caribbean Brazil 2013 BR Federal DRM Project 100.0 60 60.0 100.0 - - 100.0 60.0 Colombia 2013 Barranquilla Urban Flood Management 250.0 100 250.0 150.0 - - 150.0 150.0 Dominica 2013 Third Phase Disaster Vuln.Reduction APL for Dominica 15.0 50 7.5 - - - - - OECS 2013 Second Phase Disaster Vulnerability Reduction APL for St. Lucia 22.0 50 11.0 - 10.0 - 10.0 5.0 Countries South Asia Sri Lanka 2012 Metro Colombo - Towards a Flood Resilient Urban Environment 1.2 100 1.2 - - - - - 2012 Metro Colombo Urban Development Project 267.9 100 267.9 117.0 100.0 - 217.0 217.0