Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project E NVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (ESA) Prepared by: Integral Consult© Cairo Office: 2075 El Mearaj City, Ring Road, Maadi – Cairo – Egypt Phone +202 2 25204515 Fax +202 2 25204514 A Member of Environmental Alliance December, 2020 Contributors to the Study  Dr. Amr Osama, Integral Consult President  Dr. Yasmine Kamal, Technical and Operations Manager  Dr. Nermin Eltouny, Technical Team Lead  Dr. Anan Mohamed, Social Development Expert  Eng. Mai Ibrahim, Technical Team Lead  Eng. Basma Sobhi, MSc., Senior Environmental Specialist Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) ii CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS .........................................................................................................x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 Study Approach ..................................................................................................... 2 Project overview .................................................................................................................2 Components of the Proposed Project ................................................................. 3 Project Description .............................................................................................. 3 Legal and Regulatory Framework .................................................................................4 Environmental and Social Baseline ...............................................................................5 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation ................................6 Main Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts of Construction ........... 6 Main Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts of Operation ................ 6 Project Alternatives ..........................................................................................................7 No Action Alternative .......................................................................................... 7 Implementation of RISE Project Component 1 ................................................ 7 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) .............................................7 Public Consultation and Engagement ......................................................................... 24 Existing Grievance Mechanism .........................................................................25 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 26 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 28 Project Rationale .......................................................................................................... 28 Project Scope ............................................................................................................... 29 Purpose of ESA.........................................................................................30 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) iii 2 Project Description ............................................................................................................ 32 Project Objectives ........................................................................................................ 32 Project Location ........................................................................................33 Project Responsibilities .............................................................................33 Component 1 Activities.............................................................................33 Current Status of works in the Segments ...................................................................... 44 Segment 1 : Alexandria – Arab El Raml....................................................44 Segment 2: Cairo/Benha ...........................................................................45 Segment 3: Cairo/Beni Suef Segment........................................................46 Segment 4: Beni Suef/Assiut (BSA) ..........................................................48 Segment 5: Assiut/Nag’ Hammadi (ANH) ................................................49 Assocapacityciated facilities ......................................................................................... 50 Resources and Auxiliary Components .......................................................................... 51 Expected amount of waste.........................................................................51 Expected amount of used materials and water ...........................................52 Ballast needed for Track upgrades.............................................................53 Number of workers ...................................................................................53 Contractors on-site ....................................................................................54 3 Legal and Institutional Framework...................................................................................... 55 National Legal Framework ........................................................................................... 55 Egyptian Law Enforcement Authorities.....................................................59 The Relevant International Treaties Signed by Egypt ................................60 Penalties ...................................................................................................60 International Standards and Guidelines ......................................................................... 62 World Bank Requirements ........................................................................62 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) iv World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines .............67 World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Railways ...69 Gap Analysis for Key Egyptian and WB Environmental and Social Standards ............. 71 Gap Analysis for ESSs and National Laws ................................................71 Gap Analysis for Key Egyptian and WB Environmental Quality Limits ....75 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................... 81 Institutional and Organizational Arrangement of ENR ..............................81 Other support entities ................................................................................83 4 Environmental and Social Baseline ..................................................................................... 85 Project Site Location .................................................................................................... 85 Segment (1): 165 Km Alexandria – Arab El Raml.....................................85 Segment (2): 45 Km Cairo - Benha ...........................................................87 Segment (3): 120 Km Cairo - Giza – Beni Suef .........................................88 Segment (4): 250 Km Beni Suef – Asyut...................................................89 Segment (5): 180 Km Asyut – Nag Hammadi ...........................................90 Climate ........................................................................................................................ 92 Temperature & Rainfall ............................................................................92 Wind .........................................................................................................93 Biodiversity.................................................................................................................. 94 Current Status of The Stations & Signaling Towers ...................................................... 95 Status of Signaling Tower Buildings and Stations .....................................95 Community Health & Safety ................................................................... 100 Waste Management and General Housekeeping ...................................... 103 Noise .......................................................................................................................... 104 Air Quality ................................................................................................................. 106 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) v Soil and Ground Water pollution ................................................................................ 106 Socio-Economic Baseline ........................................................................................... 108 Socio-Economic Profile .......................................................................... 108 Demographic characteristics ................................................................... 109 Poverty ................................................................................................... 113 The train as a means of transportation ..................................................... 114 Gender-based Violence (GBV) ............................................................... 115 Vulnerable groups ................................................................................... 117 Child labour ............................................................................................ 117 Land ownership in the project areas ........................................................ 119 Information Technology Infrastructure ....................................................................... 120 5 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation .............................................. 122 Overview of the Environmental and Social Aspects .................................................... 124 Similar Impacts Resulting from Activities at all of the 5 segments .......... 127 Segment Specific Impact ......................................................................... 141 Cumulative Impacts ................................................................................ 142 Impacts rating Summary ......................................................................... 143 Mitigation Measures for the Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ................... 145 Mitigation Measures for Significant Impacts During the Project Construction Stage 145 Mitigation Measures for Significant Impacts During the Project Operation Stage 157 6 Analysis of Alternatives .................................................................................................... 159 No Action Alternative ................................................................................................ 159 Track Upgrades....................................................................................... 159 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) vi Modernization of Signaling System of the Cairo-Beni Suef Segment ...... 159 Implementation of Component 1: Upgrading Tracks and Installation of Modernization Signaling System for Cairo-Beni Suef .................................................................................. 160 Trenching activities................................................................................. 160 Track installation and upgrades ............................................................... 161 Alternative Technologies in Interlocking System ........................................................ 161 Mechanical Interlocking System: ............................................................ 161 Relay Interlocking:.................................................................................. 162 Electronic interlocking: ........................................................................... 163 7 Environmental and Social Management Plan .................................................................... 165 Environmental and Social Objectives and Targets ...................................................... 166 Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) Management Plan ......................... 167 ESHS Management Organization ............................................................ 167 Environmental and Social Training ......................................................... 170 Environmental and Social Management Plans ............................................................ 170 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ................................................................ 171 ESMP Budget ............................................................................................................ 188 8 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of Component 2 .................. 191 Introduction................................................................................................................ 191 ESMF Development Objectives ................................................................................. 191 ESMF Rationale and Objectives.............................................................. 191 ESMF Scope ........................................................................................... 192 ESMF Methodology................................................................................ 192 Component 2: Project Description .............................................................................. 192 Information Technology Infrastructure .................................................... 192 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) vii Rehabilitation of Stations ........................................................................ 193 Safety First Culture at ENR..................................................................... 194 Analysis of Alternatives ............................................................................................. 194 No Project alternative.............................................................................. 194 Information Technology Alternative ....................................................... 195 Rehabilitation of Train Stations ............................................................... 195 Safety culture at ENR ............................................................................. 196 Environmental and Social Impacts.............................................................................. 196 Preliminary Identification of Risk and Impact ......................................... 196 Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework ....... 198 Implementation Arrangements for Safeguarding, Monitoring and Reporting WB ESSs 206 Staffing Requirements for Implementation of ESMF ............................... 206 Monitoring .............................................................................................. 210 Reporting ................................................................................................ 210 Training, Capacity Building, and Awareness Raising .............................. 210 Summary of ESMF Implementation Arrangements ................................. 211 Environmental and Social Screening Criteria.............................................................. 212 Environment and Social Instruments for Safeguarding ESS ........................................ 213 9 Public Consultation and Engagement ................................................................................ 222 Consultation Objectives.............................................................................................. 222 Stakeholder Identification........................................................................................... 223 Consultation Methodology and Activities ................................................................... 227 Engagement during Project Preparation: Scoping Consultation Activities228 Public Consultation Session ....................................................................................... 231 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) viii Existing Grievance Mechanism (GM) ........................................................................ 242 Objectives ............................................................................................... 242 The project level GM .............................................................................. 242 Current GM Central/ Institution level utilized by ENR ............................ 243 Grievances’ Tiers Composition ............................................................... 243 Grievance Cycle...................................................................................... 244 GBV Grievance mechanism .................................................................... 246 10 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 248 Annex I: National legal framework ......................................................................................... 249 The Egyptian Environmental Law No.4 of Year 1994 ............................................ 249 Other Egyptian Environmental and Social Laws Applicable .................................. 255 Water and Wastewater Management Regulations ................................................... 258 Solid Waste Management Regulation No. 202 /2020 ............................................. 258 Work Environment and Occupational Health and Safety ........................................ 262 Laws Related to Traffic ......................................................................................... 268 EEAA EIA Guidelines Related to the Public Consultation ..................................... 268 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................... 269 Land Acquisition Laws .......................................................................................... 269 Annex II: Guiding principles for information technology upgrades, train station rehabilitation and safety-first culture establishment ............................................................................................. 271 Annex III: Environmental and Social Eligibility Criteria/Exclusion Checklists ........................ 277 Annex IV: Public Consultation List of invitees and attendees .................................................. 280 Annex V: Contractors’ Site-Specific Plans - Toc ..................................................................... 287 Annex VI: Complaint form ..................................................................................................... 290 Annex VII: Grievance log ....................................................................................................... 291 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) ix LIST OF ACRONYMS Acronym Definition ATC automatic train control ATP Automatic Train Protection CAA Competent Administrative Authority CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics CBO Community Based Organizations CTC Central Traffic Control Buildings EAD Environmental Affairs Directorate EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EHS Environmental, Health & Safety EIS electronic interlocking system EMF electric and magnetic fields EMU Environmental Management Unit ENR Egyptian National Railways ENRMP Egyptian national railway management project ENRRP Egypt National Railways Restructuring Project ESF Environmental and Social Framework ESHS Environmental, Social, Health and Safety ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESS Environmental and Social Standard ETCS European Train Control System FGD Focus Group Discussions GBV Gender Based Violence GM Grievance Mechanism HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection IFC International Finance Corporation LMP Labor Management Plan MOT Ministry of Transport MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets MTB Main technical Building NCHR National Council for Human Rights NMT Non-Motorised Transport OHS Occupational Health and Safety Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) x PAP Project Affected Persons PMU Project Management Unit RF Resettlement Framework RP Resettlement Plan SEA/SH sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) is concerned with modernizing signaling works of five railway segments from Alexandria in the North, to Nag Hammadi in the South of the Egypt National Railway (ENR) network. In accordance with the World Bank's environmental and social framework, the Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project is classified as Substantial Risk. The primary objective of this ESA is to ensure that potential environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the construction and operation of the proposed project are identified, assessed, avoided, minimized and mitigated through an environmental and social management plan. The proposed project is led by the Government of Egypt with funding from the World Bank and the expected participation of the private sector in the various stages of the project. The proposed project will be implemented by the Ministry of Transportation; represented by Egyptian National Railway Authority. Part 1: From Chapter 1 to Chapter 4 covering the scope of RISE Components Chapter 1 (Introduction). Chapter 2 Project Description: provides description of component 1, 2 and 3 as well as the associated facilities. Chapter 3 Legal framework: provides the National and international legal framework including the applicable standards and project requirements/policies as well as any reference documentation. Chapter 4 Environmental and Social Baseline: Provides the descriptions of the environmental and social baseline applicable to components 1 and 2. Part 2: From Chapter 5 to Chapter 7 covering the scope of Component 1 Chapter 5 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation. Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternatives. Chapter 7 Environmental and Social Management Plan. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 1 Part 3 covering the scope of Component 2: Chapter 8 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of Component 2. Part 4 includes: Public Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement for RISE Components. Study Approach The preparation of the Environmental and Social Assessment is done according to the following approach:  Reviewing the available information and documents regarding the project (previous ESIA studies, Design documents and plans, Contractor and Supervision Consultant’s documentation regarding the environmental, health and safety and social performance; Root cause analysis reports and Safeguard correction action plan for occurred accidents and ENR Environmental and Social Management System, Policies, Plans, and Procedures).  Reviewing national and international legislations and regulations relevant to the project, including the required governmental permits and WB Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs)  Assessing the potential environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the proposed project activities  Developing an outline for the environmental and social management plan for the mitigation of the expected negative risks and impacts and the monitoring activities to ensure compliance with the relevant environmental laws and the WB ESSs  Conducting site visits of project sites to validate the descriptions of the project area, context and surroundings, baseline conditions, and status of and project activities.  Conducting stakeholder engagement activities, through the following methods: Interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with: Railway users on different lines in all stations visited during the site visits, community members and shop owners surrounding the project area, railway workers at different stations and Contractors. In addition to conducting coordination meetings and interviews with the key stakeholders of the Project, including the World Bank, the Project Management Unit at ENR, and the Environment Department of ENR and the key Contractors. Project overview The following Figure 1-1 shows the railway line from Alexandria at the north to Nag Hammadi to the south. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 2 Figure 1-1 Alexandria – Nag Hammadi Railway Line Components of the Proposed Project The proposed project includes the following components: 1. Component 1: Improvement of safety and operational efficiency on the entire railway line Alexandria – Cairo – Nag Hammadi, including: • Finalization of the signaling modernization works started by the ENRRP and rolled over to RISE, and • Addition of the modernization of the missing section Cairo - Giza – Beni Suef. 2. Component 2: Introduction of a safe asset management system and station improvements to improve personal safety, within the same segments of the railway network. 3. Component 3: Project Delivery, Institutional and Human Resource Development Project Description Component (1): Improvement of safety and operational efficiency on the entire railway line Alexandria – Cairo – Nag Hammadi The Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt project (RISE) covers a 760 km linear segment of Egypt National Railways (ENR)’s existing 5,000 km railway network, that is divi ded into 5 sub- segments extending from Alexandria in the North, to Nag Hammadi in the South: 1- Alexandria – Arab El Raml of length 165 Km Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 3 2- Cairo - Benha of length 45 Km 3- Cairo - Giza – Beni Suef of length 120 Km (the new segment) 4- Beni Suef – Assiut of length 250 Km 5- Assiut – Nag Hammadi of length 180 Km Works planned for the modernization of signaling and upgrading of tracks include: • The upgrading of signaling installations along the five segments, the speed is upgraded to 160 Km/h: • Fully new automatic blocks (with contraflow signaling) with color light signals, • Creation of the track circuits, • Cancelling all mechanical interlocking and electrical relay interlocking installations, • Creation of new electronic interlocking systems according to the new track layout • Renewing all signaling ground installations, including laying cables and civil works (some sub-water line laying of cables), excluding track installations, • Installation of all the point motors for the switches controlled by the CTC, • Fully new automatic level crossings, not including the civil works. Creation or modification of all the buildings required for the operation of the line by CTC and local control & monitoring, including electromechanical equipment such as air conditioning for each building ventilation, dewatering, etc. Component (2): Introduction of a safe asset management system and station improvements to improve personal safety, within the same segments of the railway network. Component 2 activities are aimed at improving the safety of travelers via enhanced safety performance of railways based on improved diagnosis of rail operations, improved infrastructure of train stations to address accessibility and safety concerns that affect women and people with disability disproportionately, and improving safety culture geared towards user safety. The exact nature and physical location of interventions for Component 2 have not yet been identified; accordingly, an environmental and social management framework (ESMF) was developed. Staffing requirements and capacity building needs/ training topics are described in section Error! Reference source not found.. Once sub-project activities are defined, the environmental and social/exclusion screening should be performed to identify risks level and associated ES instruments to be developed. Legal and Regulatory Framework The national framework relevant to the project includes the Egyptian Environmental Law 4/1994 and all its relevant subsequent amendments and executive regulations. The international Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 4 framework adopted in this study is the World Bank's ESF criteria which cover key areas for environmental and social aspects to be adhered by any of the projects funded by the WB group such as the proposed project. Egyptian law provides for environmental compliance procedures and emission limits, which are close to the WBG limits, if not more conservative. The proposed project components must comply with international policies, which stipulate compliance with local laws. If there is a difference between local and WBG standards, the more stringent standards will be adopted. The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social standards that should be considered in its financed projects. These following eight standards are relevant to the proposed project:  Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts  Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions  Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management  Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety  Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement  Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources  Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage  Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure A gap analysis was conducted between the main requirements of both Egyptian legislation and the World Bank standards, and the gaps between the two entities' requirements and environmental limits were identified in the Legal and Institutional Framework (Chapter 3). Environmental and Social Baseline In order to assess the environmental and social baseline in the project area, seven environmental baseline elements were considered: 1. Site location 2. Climate 3. Biodiversity 4. Status of the stations & signaling towers. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 5 5. Noise 6. Air Quality 7. Soil & groundwater Contamination In addition to the socio-economic status of the governorates that the project passes through. Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Main Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts of Construction The main environmental and social risks and impacts expected during the project construction were identified as follows: 1. Air Quality 2. Noise 3. Solid and hazardous waste 4. COVID-19 pandemic 5. Occupational Health & Safety 6. Community health, safety and security 7. Natural disaster risk 8. Risk of child labor 9. Temporary labor influx 10. Risk of gender-based violence (GBV) 11. Culture heritage 12. Land acquisition 13. Surface Water Pollution Mitigation measures are fully described in the following tables, and the ESMP section of this document in Chapter 7. Main Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts of Operation The main environmental and social risks and impacts expected during the project operation and mitigation measures were identified as follows: 1. Positive impact: Increased efficiency of the railway transportation System 2. Occupational Health & Safety Mitigation measures for the negative impact are fully described in the ESMP section of this document. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 6 Project Alternatives No Action Alternative The objectives of the project are basically to enhance the safety and operational efficiency on the entire railway line Alexandria – Cairo – Nag Hammadi and to introduce a safe asset management system and station improvements to improve personal safety, within the same segments of the railway network. Therefore, not implementing the project will cause financial burden on ENR resulting from the frequent breakdowns, and the low speed motion of trains on those tracks, causing delayed schedules, and further congestion of trains. This will eventually lead to reduced overall railway safety, uneconomical use of the lines, decreased reliability of ENR and consumer dissatisfaction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the “no project alternative” is not a viable alternative from the environmental and social perspectives. Implementation of RISE Project Component 1 The project will provide modernization and replacement of elements of the outdated electromechanical signaling system along the railway corridor from Alexandria to Nag Hammadi. Positive impacts of the project on the railway service and overall safety include the following: • Improved train operation safety and safety at level crossings, • Increasing trains reliability and passengers’ trust, • Reducing trip time as a result of increased train travel speed, • Reduce operational delays and train scheduling. • Reduce cost of operation per traffic unit and fatalities arising from railway accidents. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The ESMP provides:  Evidence of practical and achievable plans for the management of the proposed project  Framework to confirm compliance with relevant laws, regulations and standards  Evidence of the management of the project in an environmentally acceptable manner Qualified and experienced contractors will be responsible for implementation of the detailed design and construction of the proposed project. The private sector management at ENR will ensure that all contracts with contractors and sub-contractors stipulate all construction management measures, operational design criteria and environment, health and safety Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 7 standards. Implementation of these measures will be enforced and supervised by dedicated HSE manager who will have direct responsibility for the Environment, Safety and Quality Assurance program on site during construction and operation. This social management plan involves a monitoring process that will be the main responsibility of the Socialist Specialist of the PMU. The adherence to the ESSs necessitates the development of some forms/templates in order to be able to process the management and monitoring system appropriately. The monitoring and management will be implemented by the HSE team, social officers under the supervision of the ENR Social Specialist and HSE manager. The budget required to implement the environmental and social management plan was determined around 2.2 Million EGP for Component 1, including training programs to raise the capabilities of workers in operating the project and the preparation of specialized environmental and social management plans (for example, firefighting plan, disaster plan, traffic plan, etc.). As for Component 2, since the specific activities and interventions are not set out yet, a specific estimate for all activities was not feasible, however an estimate for capacity building and training needs was given in Chapter 8. It is important to take into account that the proposed budget is based on the ESA preparation team judgment based on field survey in 2020. The budget is subject to future changes based on external economic factors, such as inflation. The following tables show the ESMP during the construction and operation phase. Table 1-1 Environmental management and monitoring plan for the proposed project during construction phase Environmental and Social Monitoring during Construction Phase Air Quality – Dust and gaseous emissions The contractor should assign HSE manager is a must at all construction sites who will ensure the implementation of good site practices, and prepare and implement an Air Quality Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • Appropriate sitting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with a suitable cover in addition to regularly spraying water so as to minimize dust blow Mitigation measures • Minimizing drop heights for material handling activities such as unloading of friable materials • Keeping the roads damped via watering spraying to minimize dust from spraying as a result of vehicles moving • Ensuring that vehicles travel on paved routes wherever possible • Sheeting of lorries transporting friable construction materials • Enforcing speed limits on unpaved roads to be <30 km/hr • Implement preventive maintenance program for vehicles and equipment working on site and promptly repair vehicles with visible exhaust fume. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 8 Visual inspections and monitoring Recording and documentation of Methods of monitoring of dust and exhaust gas releases complaint Monitoring frequency biannually • Dust levels ambient PM (TSP, PM10) Performance Indicators • Dust complaints • SOx, NOx, and CO and black smoke from vehicles Monitoring location Borders of construction location Responsibility • Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Air quality measurements: 800,000 LE/year Waste Management The contractor should prepare and implement Waste Management Plan (WMP), and Hazardous Waste and Material Management Plan (HAZMAT). The plans will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposal of wastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills, etc.) prior to the commencement of construction activities • Wastes will be segregated and temporarily stored safely in the allocated areas for waste storage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t cause further traffic disruption • Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air Mitigation measures • Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks will not be overloaded with waste volumes • Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded in terms of weight or volume destination and responsible person • Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved and safe disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to make sure that this process occurs without any hazards or problems Old Dismantled Tracks disposal  The dismantled tracks are either: Maintained and reused by ENR at sub-rail road lines, or Sold by bidding as junk. Hazardous waste generation Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 9 Hazardous waste is limited to lubricating oil, empty paint cans. The proposed Solid Waste Management Plan for the safe disposal of hazardous waste including but not limited to: • According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up records and manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agencies contracted to receive such wastes • Training to employees should incorporate information from Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for hazardous materials being handled. MSDSs should be readily accessible to employees in their local language • Description of response activities in the event of a spill, release, or other chemical emergency should be incorporated • While hazardous waste generated from tracks upgrading / renewal are old contaminated sleepers/ crossties which were coated by a hazardous benzo-pyrene and ballast contaminated with grease, both will be disposed to a hazardous waste landfill by specialized and approved contractor. Old contaminated sleepers will be representatively tested to confirm their disposal/reuse techniques. Documents and records review Methods of monitoring Site visual inspection Monitoring frequency Regularly during construction Maintaining valid contracts with authorized waste collection contractors Records of delivery at final disposal sites Performance Indicators Records of the types and quantities of waste generated and amounts diverted through salvage and reuse, and/or recycle. Monitoring location Construction site Responsibility Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Noise & vibration (on workers and public) The contractor should prepare and implement a Noise and Vibration Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • Reduce workers’ exposure times to noise, so that they do not exceed Mitigation measures the safety limits stipulated in the Egyptian environmental law in addition to occupational safety and health standards • The contractor must train all workers before starting construction work on the danger of noise and how to avoid them • Avoid construction work in the evening • Restricting the movement of lorry cars to prevent noise in the early morning and late evening periods Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 10 • Control exposure to hand-arm vibration from equipment such as hand and power tools, or whole-body vibrations from surfaces on which the worker stands or sits, through choice of equipment, installation of vibration dampening pads or devices, and limiting the duration of exposure. • All machines and vehicles must be stopped when not in use • Communicate the construction schedule with neighboring communities and sensitive receptors Methods of monitoring Site Inspection and spot measurements (if necessary) Monitoring frequency biannually Noise level maintained below 50 dB (A) during daytime and 40 dB (A) Performance indicators during night at construction phase; Regular records and logs showing working hours are maintained At the sources; Monitoring location Along perimeter of site; At the sensitive receptors such as the nearest residential aggregation Responsibility Contractor HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Point measurement: 88,000/year Occupational Health and Safety The contractor should prepare and implement an Occupational Health & safety Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to:  Implement the occupational health & safety plan during all construction phases.  Ensure that all workers under both the contactors and the sub- contractors are covered by life insurance against any potential accidents.  Restricted entrance to all construction sites, where attendance Mitigation measures sheets and copies of all workers at site are required. Train/ worker accidents that are generated from railway workers being in the vicinity of rail lines and exposed to moving trains can be mitigated as follows:  Training workers in personal track safety procedures; Coordination with ENR to block train traffic on lines where works are occurring (“green zone working”), giving the contractor safe time to conduct the required works. The occupational health & safety mitigation plan shall include but will not be limited to the following measure: - Provide adequate signage to prevent accidental falling into open areas - Fencing of the work areas Health and safety environment (HSE) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 11 - There is posted material indicating the nearest police station and hospital (with accident and emergency facilities). - The contractor must take reasonable steps to prevent unauthorized people accessing the site. - Avoid the burning of materials on site. - Provide a first aid kits in different places of the work site with the appropriate number of materials given the number of workers on site. The locations of the first aid kits will be provided to all workers. - Providing extinguishers on work site. - Stop people smoking and prohibit using cell phones on work sites and do not allow other work activities involving potential ignition sources to take place nearby. - Providing site boundaries by installing suitable physical boundaries (barriers, tape or fence). - Marking excavation holes with physical boundaries (barriers, tape or fence) - The contractor should put up barriers or covers in the area of openings and excavations. - Store building materials (such as pipes, manhole rings, and cement bags) so that they cannot topple or roll over. - Keep walkways and stairways free of tripping hazards such as trailing cables, building materials, and debris. - Everyone who works on any site must have access to adequate toilet and washing facilities, a place for preparing and consuming refreshments, and an area for storing and drying clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE). - Contractor to ensure PPE (personal protective equipment) is used by all workers on site. - Contractor shall hire a certified Health & safety supervisor - Materials and equipment are tidily stacked, protected and covered where necessary. Additionally, there is adequate space for new materials to be stored in secured covered areas to avoid damage, theft, and to protect these items from weather conditions. - Scaffolding for work in elevated areas such as ceiling painting should comply with the OSHA “General Requirements for Scaffolds”. Contractor to hiring people who are covered by social insurance and have legal documents in place (even daily workers), in addition to the health and safety risk on the workers should be Coverage with appropriate insurance schemes for all the types of workers. In addition, the Insurance should be covering work related accidents (injuries and fatalities) • Inspection of complaints • Inspection of Human Resources Policy Methods of monitoring • Inspection of employment contracts • Health records about occupational injuries and infectious diseases among workers Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 12 • Inspection of attendance sheets and ID copies • Inspection of insurance policies • Inspection of Training records Monitoring frequency Daily • Occupational health and safety Incident reports • Medical reporting on received cases • No accidents Performance indicators • No incidents regarding public health and safety • Insurance coverage for everyone on site with proof of their presence on site through attendance sheets and copy of IDs. Monitoring location Workers at the project location Responsibility Proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Community Health and safety The contractor should prepare and implement a Community Health and Safety Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • Share Information with community regularly as per SEP • Conduct Awareness raising campaigns • The contractor should submit a Job Hazard Analysis for all activities on site. An OHS plan/Manual for risk management specific to the site and the foreseen activities, and following the risk control hierarchy, should be submitted, reviewed and approved by the PMU (or Owner Engineer) prior to commencement of construction. • Construction site to be fenced and guarded by security personnel in order to prevent any unauthorized access to the site • Notify nearby population in case of transporting heavy equipment Mitigation measures • Grievance mechanism for community members to address any complaints • Develop Traffic Management Plan (if necessary) For Level Crossings Safety: • Working during the closure of shops, especially at night, in locations far from residential areas and near to level crossings, in order to avoid any accidents during construction near the level crossings. • Installation of automatic gates at all level crossings, and regular inspection/maintenance to ensure proper operation. For Pedestrian Safety: • Posting of clear and prominent warning signage at potential points of entry to track areas (e.g. stations and level crossings); • Fences or other barriers at station ends and along tracks to prevent access to tracks by unauthorized persons; Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 13 • Designing stations so as to ensure the access route is safe, clearly indicated, and easy to use; • Use of CCTV to monitor rail stations and other areas where trespassing occurs frequently, with a voice alarm system to deter trespassers. For Engaging Security personnel or companies • The contractor should prepare and implement a Security Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures and will be Developed in accordance with WBG guidelines for Use of Security Forces • Community grievance log • Reviewing community consultation reports Method of monitoring • Interview with community members • Project details as well as grievance mechanism details available on site. Monitoring frequency Monthly • Number of reported complaints from the community Performance indicators • Community members aware of the activities conducted and the messages shared/discussed (through the beneficiary feedback survey) Monitoring location Site Contractor social Officer in collaboration with Site HSE officers Responsibility Social Specialist of the PMU Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in operation cost Covid-19 Pandemic The contractor should prepare and implement a COVID-19 and communicable diseases Management Plan The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • Body-temperature measurements at the entrance of the site • Face-masks are mandatory • Prohibit gathering and smoking at closed areas. • Provide soap, water and disinfectants at the site. Mitigation measures • Apply mandatory quarantine procedures for at least 14 days for the suspected cases not counted from their vacations. Develop COVID-19 risk-based procedures tailored to site conditions and workers characteristics, and based on guidance issued by relevant authorities, both national and international (e.g. WHO). Ensure all workers are trained on and aware of COVID-19 prevention and precautionary measures, and are following the measures on a daily basis (direct and temporary workers) Site inspection Method of monitoring Review of documents and records Medical and routine check-up of staff and workers Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 14 Monitoring frequency Daily Number of trained workers (direct and temporary) Performance indicator Number on infected persons Number of isolated persons Monitoring location Construction Site Contractor and proponent’s Responsibility HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) To be estimated based on the number of workers and general context Traffic The contractor should prepare and implement a Temporary Traffic Management Plan (TTMP) The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: Typically, there is a hierarchy of TTMPs – a Route Wide Traffic Management Plan, Local Area Plans and Site-Specific Plans. TTM plans will aim to minimize delays and reduce detours, ensure safe access, and protect railway and road assets. The TTMPs would also address access to and from the construction zones by minimizing road crossings by heavy plant, managing truck queuing, managing truck haul routes between construction sites, dump sites and quarries, and ensuring that construction timing and sequences do not adversely affect the road network and its environs. The TTMPs should: • use standardized base plans Mitigation measures • present data on estimated truck numbers – per hour and/or per day; • show on plan where truck holding areas are; • show that Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) – pedestrians, cyclists, carts, animal-drawn vehicles - are better catered for and protected; focus on safety at level crossings and formal/informal track crossings – this is where confusion could arise if there are detours or temporary traffic signals deployed; there is a risk of trains colliding with vehicles and pedestrians. It is assumed that truck loads are of normal size. If there is a need for any special provision for abnormal truck loads – extra wide, long or high – then this should be catered for and included in the TTMP. The institutional arrangements for the development and implementation of the TTMPs should be presented. Usually this is a top-down approach but with room for flexibility at a local level to meet contingencies. A typical institutional arrangement could be: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 15 a. The main contractor prepares the TTMPs for: (1) the whole route or route section of the railway track; (2) each station; (3) each signaling tower; (4) trenching accesses; (5) level crossings and other pedestrian/vehicle crossing sites; and (6) designated truck routes to/from dump sites and quarries; b. Local contractors give their feedback including a forecast of truck volumes; c. ENR and/or MOT reviews the TTMPs, fleshes out details and define the worksites; d. The contractors are informed and implement the TTMPs. The use of Traffic Agents such as the Traffic Police should be examined. Such personnel can provide in-situ supervision of the TTMPs at construction sites and stations and be on-hand 24/7 to direct traffic, direct residents and answer their questions. There is scope to showcase this project and provide a learning archive by uploading a Learning Legacy online as other major rail projects (such as Crossrail and HS2 in the UK) have done. It is estimated that the overall additional traffic would have insignificant impacts on the level of service on the road. In addition to the mitigation measures listed in Chapter 5. Maintaining and controlling traffic on and to the site by inspection of Method of monitoring Traffic Management Plan or traffic complaints from workers or community Regularly during construction (especially during transport of equipment Monitoring frequency and materials) • Effectiveness/extent of implementation of traffic management plan • Number of complaints received associated with traffic and time it Performance indicator took to resolve them • Number of unresolved complaints Monitoring location Surrounding roads Contractor and proponent’s Responsibility HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Child Labor • The contract to be prepared for contractor/ subcontractors, subcontractors, primary suppliers and service provisions will prohibit Mitigation Measures any kind of hiring minors in the project (Children below 18 years) • The contract also will oblige the contractor/subcontractor, primary suppliers and service provisions to keep a copy of IDs of laborers in Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 16 order to facilitate the monitoring of the presence of hired staff below 18 years • The contractor/subcontractor, primary suppliers and service provisions also will be obliged to maintain daily attendance sheets in order to verify the attendance of workers not include staff below 18 years’ old • Rigid obligations and penalties will be added to the contractor/subcontractors, primary suppliers and service provisions' ToR in order to warrantee no child labor is occurred in the project • Verifying contracts • Inspection of complaints Method of monitoring • Inspection of Human Resources Policy • Inspection of employment contracts • Inspection of attendance sheets and ID copies • During contract preparation Monitoring frequency • Continuously during construction • No complaints from community Performance indicator • No children on site Monitoring location • Construction site Responsibility Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Temporary Labor Influx • Preparation of appropriate code of conduct that stipulates the different commitment of labor towards community groups and the different behavior that should be avoided • All workers should be trained on the Code of Conduct) Mitigation Measures • Code of conduct to be signed by sub-contractor • Code of conduct induction to be done every 2 weeks for the recurrent workers and the new comers before starting work. • Apply penalties to workers violating the code of conduct Method of monitoring Visual Inspection of the site, workers, equipment and vehicles Monitoring frequency Daily throughout construction • The Code of Conduct has been prepared and formally adopted • Number of complaints received from the community with regards to workers’ behavior in general and the time it took to solve them. • Training records Performance indicator • All mitigation measures have been implemented (in specific those related to the code of conduct including GBV and other labor influx risks) • % of workers trained on Code of Conduct • % of workers trained on GBV Monitoring location Construction sites Responsibility Contractor: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 17 Implementation of mitigation measures, internal monitoring and reporting to ENR ENR: Ensuring the correct implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in the construction costs Risk of Gender Based Violence (GBV) Risk • Code of conduct for workers should be developed, all workers should be trained on. All types of inappropriate behavior of workers should be identified, and the importance of adhering to the code of conduct is emphasized. • Code of conduct to be developed and signed by sub-contractor. It should include prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual Mitigation Measures harassment (SEA/SH) at workplace. • Apply penalties to workers violating the code of conduct • Apply the full requirements related to operating the grievance mechanism including anonymous channels • Raising awareness of the local populations about the project commitment towards communities’ and the measures taken for that • Inspection of training records • Code of conduct established, disclosed and workers are trained on • The monitoring of workers’ compliance to the Code of Conduct when interacting with the surrounding communities to avoid behaviors such as verbal assault, sexual harassment and other forms of GBV. Method of monitoring • Inspection of complaints • Number and documentation of awareness raising activities and stakeholder engagement activities • Interview with community members • Inspection of drug tests and alcohol tests conducted • Numbers of penalties applied Monitoring frequency Continuously during construction • Worker code of conduct • No complaints from community Performance indicator • No accidents • Community members aware of the activities conducted and the messages shared/discussed Monitoring location Construction site Responsibility Social Officer of the Contractor and the Social Specialist of the PMU Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Cultural heritage Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 18 Cultural heritage will be impacted in a minor way in cases where construction activities take place near some mosques at the level crossings, as a result of the project; as only road creation for level crossings that will be relocated are considered associated facility, and mosques are buildings of great value to community members.  The ENR Authority will coordinate with the Ministry of Awqaf to avoid any problems that may arise as a result of removing some of these facilities. Coordinate with them in case of removing of mosques and the establishment of another alternative. The Ministry of Awqaf responsible for the Islamic houses of worship in Egypt.  Coordination includes: - Conducting consultation activities with community members, - Establishing alternative mosques or contributing to the establishment Mitigation Measures and expansion of mosques already existed; as appropriate and appropriate compensation from members of the local community. This should be done before construction begins. In case of chance finding antiquities during excavation: No deep digging/trenching during installation of signaling towers and track upgrade will take place, thus there is no possibility to find antiquities. However, the possibility of the ''chance finds'' will be taken into account • Such chance-finds needs special care in handling so as to keep their condition that will support the cultural value it represents. • In the event of finding of such objects, construction work should stop at the respective area of the site and the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities should be informed so as to adequately handle this object. Method of monitoring Supervision Monitoring frequency During trenching and building MTBs Duration, number of mosques along railway line that need displacement, Performance indicator Discovery of archaeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects Monitoring location Construction site Contractor and proponent’s Responsibility HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Land Acquisition In cases of repossession of the leased lands ownership "ENR property" Mitigation Measures that is used or occupied by individuals for agriculture or any economic activities; Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 19 ▪ ENR should form a committee to estimate the magnitude of the impact on the PAPs as a result of loss of income ▪ Ensure that the land is free of any crops or trees, otherwise compensation must be paid for it, ▪ ENR should be offered alternative land of better or equal quality, ▪ The rental value of the land that has been deducted for the benefit of the project must be dropped before recovering the land, ▪ ENR should be ensured that there are alternative sources of income for the tenants (agricultural land, trade, employment, etc.) other than the acquired land. ▪ Providing alternative sources of income, such as providing jobs in the project to compensate for the permanent loss of income. In the case that ENR have to pay compensation for agricultural losses (crops and trees):  Develop a RP compliant with WB’s ESS5; and the RF which was prepared for this project: that will shed light on all activities related to land acquisition and propose an avoidance mechanism. In cases the land acquisition is un-avoidable, propose corrective measures.  Discuss the corrective and remedial actions with the PAPs as well as local authorities and all relevant stakeholders, and share information about the compensation and economic restorations plan.  A GM should be made available to all PAPs, it will be part of the RP (if any).  The number, status and eligibility of PAPs should be analyzed in the RP once the footprint of the project (including additional infrastructure, access road) is better defined.  The list of PAPs should include the current users of the agricultural land not only the tenants in the official records of the ENR; if they are very old contracts, there is a big change that the user is someone else than the tenant. Method of monitoring Review and audit Monitoring frequency At the beginning of the construction phase then weekly Documentation of the stakeholder sessions and consultations GM in place and known to local community - Number of complaints that were resolved and the time it took to resolve them Performance indicator Number of unresolved complaints Preliminary assessment report of land and livelihoods/assets loss for selected locations for technical buildings Resettlement Plan Monitoring location Construction sites Responsibility Contractor: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 20 Implementation of avoidance strategy and mitigation measures Reporting to ENR ENR: PMU with support from the WB will maintain land avoidance strategy, Reviewing Contractor’s performance and ensuring the correct implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures Review and assurance of Contractors reports Estimated cost (EGP) Included in Construction costs Surface Water Pollution ▪ Before operating the HDD, make sure that all covers and protective housings are installed. ▪ The worker who handles the HDD must know their management perfectly, being informed of the risks involved in their use. The handling by underage workers, inexperienced or not trained for it is prohibited. ▪ The operator must become familiar with the operation of the machine in particular before using it for the first time. ▪ The HDD should only be used for the purpose for which it was intended and always by authorized personnel trained for its use. ▪ Pay special attention to all the information and warning boards provided on the machine. ▪ The maintenance, repair or any modification of the machine can only be carried out by specialized personnel belonging to the rental company. ▪ Before using the machine, the possible existence of stains that indicate fluid losses will be checked. Mitigation Measures Safety rules during handling ▪ The machine will be perfectly installed according to the manufacturer and following the regulations regarding homologations and securities already exposed. ▪ The controls of the machine and electronic equipment will only be handled by specialized personnel following the manufacturer's instructions. ▪ The safety and risk instructions that are attached to the machine will be maintained in a 100% legible condition. ▪ The electrical installation will be carried out according to the specific regulations. ▪ The machinery will be checked on a daily basis before the start of work. ▪ To avoid risks of landslides, during the work there will be no personnel present in the vertical of the drilling and neither at the exit of the hole. In addition, bentonite which is a form of clay that is naturally existent, is used as the drilling fluid so it does not adversely affect the environment. Also, the resulting mud will be collected at the time of generation and disposed off-site by licensed contractors. Method of monitoring Visual inspection Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 21 Inspection of complaints Health records about occupational injuries Inspection of Training records Monitoring frequency During HDD activities No accidents or spill incidents Occupational health and safety Incident reports Performance indicator Medical reporting on received cases Insurance coverage for everyone on site with proof of their presence on site through attendance sheets and copy of IDs. Monitoring location Construction site Responsibility Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Included in construction costs Table 1-2 Environmental management and monitoring plan for the proposed project during operation phase Environmental and Social Monitoring during Operation Stage Occupational Health and Safety Train / Worker Accidents Recommended management strategies include: • Training workers in personal track safety procedures; • Blocking train traffic on lines where maintenance is occurring (“green zone working”) or, if blocking the line is not feasible, use of an automatic warning system or, as a last resort, human lookouts; • Design and construction of rail lines with adequate clearance for workers; • Segregation of stabling, marshalling, and maintenance areas from the running lines Noise and Vibration Recommended management strategies include: Mitigation Measures • Use of air conditioning systems to maintain cabin temperature and provide fresh air so that windows can remain closed, limiting wind and outside noise; • Reduction of internal venting of air brakes to a level that minimizes noise without compromising the crew’s ability to judge brake operation; • Installation of active noise cancellation systems; • Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) if engineering controls are not feasible or adequate to reduce noise levels; • Use of dampers at the seat post to reduce the vibration experienced by the operator; • Installation of active vibration control systems for locomotive suspension, cabs, or seat posts, as needed to comply with applicable international and national standards and guidelines. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 22 Diesel Exhaust Measures recommended to prevent, minimize, and control workers’ exposure to diesel exhaust: • Limiting time locomotives are allowed to run indoors and use of pusher cars to move locomotives in and out of maintenance shops; • Ventilation of locomotive shops or other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may accumulate; • Filtration of air in the train crew cabin; • Use of PPE where engineering controls are not sufficient to reduce contaminant exposure to acceptable levels Fatigue • Railway operators should schedule rest periods at regular intervals and during night hours, to the extent feasible, to maximize the effectiveness of rest breaks, and in accordance with international standards and good practices for work time Electrical Hazards Measures recommended to prevent, minimize electrical hazard, include: • workers exposed to electrical hazards from electrified railways should be trained in personal track safety. • Only workers who are specifically trained and competent in working with overhead lines and conductor rails should be allowed to approach these systems. Electric and Magnetic Fields Occupational EMF exposure should be prevented or minimized through the preparation and implementation of an EMF safety program including the following components: • Establishment and identification of safety zones to differentiate between work areas with expected elevated EMF levels compared to those acceptable for public exposure, and limiting access to properly trained workers; • Implementation of an action plan to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations such as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Diesel Storing tanks for power generators • Avail water cooling sprayers on the outer surface of the diesel tank, to prevent the generation of diesel fumes specially at the hot weather conditions at upper Egypt. • An efficient firefighting system is a must. Method of monitoring Visual Inspection – Regular tracks audits – Record Keeping Monitoring frequency Monthly Performance indicator • The OHS and EPRP have been prepared and formally adopted Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 23 • All mitigation measures have been implemented Undertake checks on workers right to work (including work permits, age etc.); • Reports on any accidents, hazardous events, as well as records and reports on health, safety and welfare of workers • Condition of fire extinguishing instruments • Condition of flammable material containers & storage • Availability & usage of PPEs • Condition of Rest Facilities • Workers right to work • % of employees trained on OHS, emergency procedures and GM • OHS statistics such as fatalities, injuries, lost time incidents, first aid cases. • Number of complaints received, solved and unsolved complaints • Social and medical insurance applied Monitoring location ENR premises (tracks, MTBs, STBs, and stations) ENR: Ensuring the correct implementation of the mitigation and monitoring Responsibility measures – Keeping record of incident report and accidents – No. of training sessions held Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in ENR operation costs According to the law 4/1994 and its modifications in 2009 and Article 17 of its Executive Regulations, the proposed project is required to keep up an Environmental Register as outlined in Annex 3 of the Executive Regulations. The implementation of simple environmental and social monitoring plan as outlined herein facilitates the upkeep of the Environmental Register, as all information required will be regularly collected and documented as part of the self-monitoring activities. Public Consultation and Engagement The first step in the process of stakeholder engagement is stakeholder identification; that is, determining who the project stakeholders are and what they should be grouped under. According to the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standard 10, a stakeholder refers to “individuals or groups who: (a) are affected or likely to be affected by the project (project - affected parties); and (b) may have an interest in the project (other interested parties)”. 1 Most importantly, identifying stakeholder representatives is key to carrying out consultations seamlessly. These representatives do not only inform the project with their valuable information, but they also serve as a communication channel to disseminate information to large numbers of 1 World Bank ESS 10. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/476161530217390609/ESF- Guidance-Note-10-Stakeholder-Engagement-and-Information-Disclosure-English.pdf Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 24 stakeholders and receive information from them. Accordingly, all potential stakeholders in the project were identified. Public consultation activities were conducted during the preparation of the site-specific studies. The public consultation activities scheduled are the following: - Consultation activities were conducted in October 2020 - A public consultation session conducted on 19th November 2020 Existing Grievance Mechanism The objective of a grievance procedure is to ensure that all comments and complaints from any project stakeholder are considered and addressed in an appropriate and timely manner. Both ENR and contractors must be committed to avoiding, reducing, limiting and, if necessary, remedying any adverse impacts caused by their activities on local populations and on their social and physical environment. Identifying, preventing and managing unanticipated impacts are facilitated by a Grievance and Mechanism (GM). The current GM mechanism is applied. Both the contractor and subcontractors adhere to the organized grievance mechanism. Below are the main channels for complaints that are at the central level and proper to ENR as an institution and the available mechanism at the local level (project-level GM). The ENR central/ institution level: • A group on What’s App with the Ministry of Transport and journalists (used both for distribution of news and receipt of urgent complaints); • A group on What’s App with journalists (used both for distribution of news and receipt of urgent complaints); • Complaint boxes in all railway stations, where people can drop their complaints; • An email address linked to the ENR website (support@enr.gov.eg); • A landline on the ENR website (+2 02 25748279) & 02 25748279; • A digital complaint form linked to the website of the Ministry of Transport, where people type in their complaint or suggestions and register their names, contacts (phone number and email address), the sector, the complaint/suggestion, and other details; and • ENR has also dedicated two telephone lines (01274422925 - 0225753555), in addition to a hotline (15047), for receiving complaints related to ENR in general. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 25 Those channels are widely used by persons having issues related to trains’ operation or internal issues related to ENR. The project level GM: • Complaint boxes at the entrance of the construction site, where community members/ workers can drop their complaints; • Submit an oral complaint to the site manager or contractor official • A complaints form is available near the complaints box for submitting a written complaint; • Phone number: The complaint can be submitted via a phone call from the complaints number (written on the project identification board at the entrance to the construction site). There are two numbers for submitting complaints: - One of which is for the contractor's official, and it changes from one site to another. - The other is for the ENR official (Engineer Hammam 01124676328). - Those channels are widely used by persons having issues related to trains’ operation or internal issues related to ENR. Those channels are widely used by persons having issues related to construction site. Conclusion The current ESA studies the environmental and social impacts resulting from the Railway Improvement Safety for Egypt Project. The main adverse impacts were found during construction phase, are temporary and can be mitigated. Based on the findings of the study, the modernization of signaling system in Egypt Railway Network project will achieve overall safety many benefits and positive impacts on the overall safety of the railway system, as it will ensure train reliability, reduce operational delays. and increase customer satisfaction. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 26 PART 1: CHAPTER 1 TO CHAPTER 4, OVERVIEW OF RISE PROJECT COMPONENTS (INTRODUCTION, PROJECT DESCRIPTION, LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND BASELINE STUDY) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 27 1 INTRODUCTION Project Rationale According to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), the number of users of the railway in Egypt reached 270 million passengers in 2019. In 2019, the number of train accidents decreased to 1863 accidents (6.3 accidents / million passengers) compared to 2044 accidents (7.9 accidents / million passengers) in 2018, totaling a decrease of 8.9%.2 The government of Egypt, with the support of the World Bank and other development partners has been working on railway reforms since 2009 to improve the railways safety and responsiveness through modernization of the Signaling systems and infrastructure to improve efficiency, service levels and operational safety; and measures to strengthen ENR management capacity, these objectives are implemented under the Egyptian national railway management project (ENRMP) and the Egypt National Railways Restructuring Project (ENRRP) project. The Egyptian national railway management project (ENRMP) is funded through a loan from the AfDB to the Government of Egypt (GoE), ENRMP comprises the following components: • Installation of the Automatic Train Protection (ATP) System: Supply and installation of on- board ATP equipment based on the European Train Control System Level 1 (ETCS-L1) in about 100 locomotives, and installation of track-side ATP equipment; and supply of spare parts and maintenance for a specified period of 3 years; • Capacity building; • Project Management Support The Egypt National Railways Restructuring Project (ENRRP) funded by World Bank since 2009 involves improving rail infrastructure, modernization and upgrading of the signaling system to electronic interlocking system (EIS) in 4 segments. Rail renewals in selected sections of the project railway lines is covered from GoE funds. The works started under ENRRP on the segments Alexandria - Benha- Cairo and Beni Suef – Assiut – Nag Hammadi will not be finalized by the closing date of ENRRP which is December 2020. The project in study, Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE), is a continuation of the implementation of the ENRRP which will be closed by December 2020. This environmental and social assessment is conducted as part of the Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for the four segments under ENRRP as well as a new segment. The Five segments are extending from Alexandria to Nag Hammadi in the Egyptian National Railways (ENR) network. 2 The Annual Bulletin of Car & Train Accidents, 2019, CAPMAS Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 28 The preparation of the ESA was done in light of reviewing the available information and documents for the project such as national and international legal requirements, contractors plans and design documents, Contractors and ENR OHS policy, and previous ESIA studies conducted for ENRRP, namely: • Environmental Impact Assessment for Egyptian National Railways Reconstruction Project (Prepared in 2008 by Environmental Quality International), according to the World Bank Operational policies • ESIA of Bani Suef – Assuit Signaling System (Prepared in 2008 by Environmental Quality International), according to the World Bank Operational policies • ESIA of Bani Suef – Assuit and additional phase of Assuit – Sohag - Nag’ Hammadi Signaling System (Prepared in 2008 by Environmental Quality International), according to the World Bank Operational policies • Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Installation of Automatic Train Protection (ATP) System of five segments for AFDB project (2019), According to the African Development bank Environmental and social standards Project Scope Egyptian National Railway is one of the largest economic institutions in Egypt and the Arab world and is the largest in the area of transport services (passengers and goods). It's considered the backbone of transport in Egypt, where the volume of railway passengers and goods transport reaches around 1 million users daily, before COVID-19 Pandemic. RISE project will have the following positive impacts: ▪ Improved train operation safety. ▪ Enhanced reliability of trains. ▪ Improved operation safety of level crossings. ▪ Increasing the number of trains that can safely use the line per unit time. ▪ Reduce operational delays. ▪ Reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions compared to other freight and transport models Rise includes 3 components, component 1 comprises (i) the finalization of the signaling modernization works started by the ENRRP will be rolled over to RISE, and (ii) the signaling modernization of Segment Cairo - Giza – Beni Suef and (iii) track renewals along the segment will be commenced under RISE project. Component 2 involves introduction of a safe asset management system and station improvements to improve personal safety while Component 3 involves Project Management and Technical Assistances (TA). This report is Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 29 structured as follows: Part 1: From Chapter 1 to Chapter 4 covering the scope of RISE Components Chapter 1 (Introduction). Chapter 2 Project Description: provides description of component 1, 2 and 3 as well as the associated facilities. Chapter 3 Legal framework: provides the National and international legal framework including the applicable standards and project requirements/policies as well as any reference documentation. Chapter 4 Environmental and Social Baseline: Provides the descriptions of the environmental and social baseline applicable to components 1 and 2. Part 2: From Chapter 5 to Chapter 7 covering the scope of Component 1 Chapter 5 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation. Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternatives. Chapter 7 Environmental and Social Management Plan. Part 3 covering the scope of Component 2: Chapter 8 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of Component 2. Part 4 includes: Public Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement for RISE Components. Purpose of ESA The objective of the ESA is to: (i) ensure that projects are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. (ii) identify and assess any potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts associated with the proposed project including the described ancillary and associated facilities; (iii) Assess compliance with applicable Project’s environmental laws, regulations and policies and the World Bank ESSs; (iv) Determine the measures needed to prevent or minimize and mitigate the adverse impacts over the project life-cycle in a systematic manner, proportionate to the nature and scale of the project and the potential risks and impacts; and (v) Identify potential environmental and social opportunities, including those that would improve the environmental and social sustainability of the Project. (vi) Sets out the principles, rules, guidelines and procedures to assess the environmental and social risks and impacts of the activities to be implemented Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 30 The scope of this ESA study (the current document) covers signaling modernization in the 5 Segments, including the unfinished in 4 segments rolled over from ENRRP as well as track upgrades in few sections in segment 3. RISE include track upgrades in some sections, as needed, in segments 1, 2, 4 and 5 that are needed for completion of signaling modernization and financed by ENR fund. The ESA include a separate chapter on environmental and social management framework (ESMF) for Component 2, where its project activities and specific interventions have not yet been finalized. Component 2 ESMF is addressed separately in Chapter 8. The ESA has been prepared in line with the national environmental, social and EIA requirements; WB environmental and social standards including WB Environmental and Social Framework (ESF); and other international applicable standards, such as the World Bank Group (WBG) Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS) General and Specific Guidelines for Railways (April 2007). The draft ESA has been disclosed to the public online on the ENR website, and via public consultation session on 19th of November and a number of stakeholders’ consultations and interviews. Comments and feedback have been reflected in the ESA by updating the study and addressing comments made by stakeholders. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 31 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Objectives RISE is a continuation of the ongoing implementation of the World Bank’s financed Egypt National Railways Restructuring Project (ENRRP) since 2009. RISE Project comprises Three (3) components; Component 1 consists of 3 sub-components that are described in the following Table: Table 2-1 Description of Component 1 and its three sub components- RISE Project Component 1 Sub-component Description Funded by 1- Cairo – Giza – - Signaling modernization on Cairo - Giza - Beni Suef segment RISE Project Beni Suef including automatic blocks, electronic interlockings, level- signaling crossing protection, automatic train control wayside system equipment modernization - Related track upgrade works in some areas 2- ENRRP - ENRRP rollover of pending signaling upgrades in the lines RISE Project rollover of Alexandria- Arab El Raml, Benha – Cairo, Cairo – Beni Suef – pending Asyut, and Asyut – Nag Hammadi including automatic blocks, signaling electronic interlockings, level-crossing protection, automatic upgrades train control wayside equipment 3- Rollover of - ENRRP track upgrade works necessary to ensure the Government ENRRP track functionality of the signaling equipment in selected stations Fund rehabilitation of the lines Alexandria- Arab El Raml, Benha – Cairo, Cairo – works related Beni Suef – Asyut, and Asyut – Nag Hammadi with signaling functionality Component 2 consists of 3 sub-components (i) upgrade of the existing asset management database system with modules and features to improve safety performance, (ii) rehabilitation of train stations and (iii) developing a safety-first culture at ENR. Specific activities and locations relevant to Component 2 interventions have not yet been identified. Therefore, an environmental and social management framework (ESMF) was developed. The project description for Component 2 is addressed separately in Chapter 8. Component 3 will finance Project management and Capacity building activities. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 32 Project Location The Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt project (RISE) covers a 760 km linear segment of Egypt National Railways (ENR)’s existing 5,000 km railway network, that is divided into 5 sub - segments extending from Alexandria in the North, to Nag Hammadi in the South: 1- Alexandria – Arab El Raml of length 165 Km 2- Cairo - Benha of length 45 Km 3- Cairo - Giza – Beni Suef of length 120 Km (the new segment) 4- Beni Suef – Assiut of length 250 Km 5- Assiut – Nag Hammadi of length 180 Km The five segments are located mostly in rural areas, as well as in dense urban and peri-urban areas in 11 governorates starting from Alexandria in the North, Beheira and Gharbia in the Delta region, Qalyubia, Cairo and Giza in Greater Cairo Area (GCA), Beni Suef, Menia, Assiut, Sohag and Qena in the Upper Egypt region. Generally, most of the 5 segments are located in rural settings and the socioeconomic features varies considerably along the 760 Km. Project Responsibilities The project implementation will be shared between ENR and the Ministry of Transport (MoT). ENR will establish and maintain a Project Management Unit (PMU) with qualified staff and resources to support management of E&S risks including one Environmental Specialist, one Health and Safety specialist, and one Social Specialist. Additionally, the project supervision firms will monitor the implementation of the ESA requirements on the-ground. The works will continue to be implemented by ENR through the same international contractors for the rolled over segments, namely, Thales Group working on 3 segments: Alexandria/Arab El Raml – Cairo/Benha – Assiut/Nag’ Hammadi, and Alstom Group working on segment 4: Beni Suef/Assiut. Additionally, ENR will issue bidding documents for assigning a new international contractor for Segment 3. Component 1 Activities This section provides description of the different activities that will be undertaken in all the segments under the project. The following sections provides more segment specific details. Description of Modernizing signaling systems Modernizing of the signaling system along the project geographical scope will consist of (a) an automatic block signaling system (on an open line); (b) electronic interlocking systems (in stations); (c) a level-crossing protection system, (d) automatic train control (ATC) wayside equipment, and (e) track upgrades as needed for the functionality of the new signaling system. a- Automatic Block signaling system (on an open line) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 33 A segment or block of railway line must be adequately equipped for signaling. For safety reasons, only one train at a time can be on that segment or block. The ENRRP and RISE project install signals and reduce the segment or block length to about 600 to 800 m from 30 Kms in few instances in the existing system. The upgraded signaling thus allows significant increase of transport capacity, as more trains can circulate between two consecutive stations without the risk of accidents. The distance between two consecutive stations is split in more automatic blocks bounded by optical signals indicating the permission and/or restriction of circulation and the allowed speed (combination of colors). The actual signals are installed on poles, on the right side of the railway track, along the lines between stations. The following figures demonstrates the difference between the old and new signals that will be installed under RISE. Figure 2-1 Old and New signaling system b- Electronic interlocking systems (EIS) (in stations). EIS is a computerized hardware and software system which controls the signals and the switches (turnouts) in a railway station. Switches allow trains to change from one track to another track. EIS is designed and developed to prevent any conflicting movements of vehicles on the tracks under its control. The switches are remotely controlled and locked in appropriate position to allow the train circulation on direct line or on deviated direction, and the colors of signals are controlled accordingly for safe circulation of trains. The EIS is designed so that it is impossible to display a signal to proceed unless the route to be used is proven safe. The functionality of EIS is based mainly on computers installed in a signaling tower building in the station, signals installed on poles along the railway lines in the station, devices for operating remotely the railway switched (called point machines) and cables along the railway tracks (mainly fiber optic) to interconnect all components of the system. The cables are installed in trenches executed along Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 34 the railway lines of the stations. The following figure demonstrates the difference between the old and new EIS that will be installed under RISE. Figure 2-2 Difference between the old interlocking system (right) and the new system to be installed under Rise (left and middle) c- A level-crossing protection system level-crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road at the same level. Level crossings usually have barriers to close the traffic on the road when a train is approaching the intersection. The level crossings are operated manually or automatic. The ENRRP and RISE include only automatic level crossings interconnected with the closest EIS which controls the train traffic. The figure below shows an example of the current manual level crossing. Figure 2-3 Photos taken alone the segments showing pedestrians crossing d- Automatic train control (ATC) wayside equipment: Currently, the main lines of the ENR network are equipped with the ZUB3 which is the generic name of a family of Automatic Train Control (ATC) systems produced by Siemens starting with 1965. As any ATC, ZUB has two main components: (i) on-board of the locomotive equipment 3 See also https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:383f2140-59f9-44ab-8dde-f0f748b58b22/zub- 222-en.pdf Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 35 indicating the allowed speed on a certain segment of the line, and (ii) a wayside equipment installed between the two tracks of the railway line, usually close to the railway signal. In principle, the ATC controls the speed of the train and can automatically stop the train if the train has a higher speed than allowed. The ENRRP and RISE do not replace the existing ZUB equipment on track, but integrates the existing ZUB system to the new signaling system. e- Track Upgrades: This activity includes the works for rehabilitation / renewal of tracks and switches in the stations which are subject of installation of the EIS. The track upgrade takes place in specific areas of selected stations and crate conditions for the installation of the new signaling system according with the detailed design which is developed by the contractors (the works take on isolates areas of tens or hundreds of meters usually on both ends of station, in the area od switches). The implementation of the new signaling system requires a good quality of rails and ballast and replacement of old switches with new models which can be remotely controlled by the EIS. The following figure provides an example of tracks that need upgrades in certain parts. it should be noted that footprint of tracks will not change. Track rehabilitation will take place on isolated spots in selected stations (usually in the switches areas) along the line and in parallel to the signaling works. Figure 2-4 Old tracks along one of the segments Description of relevant activities of the signaling modernization The works for the modernization of the signaling project are mainly executed on railway stations or along the main circulation lines between the stations. The places for execution of works takes place inside the perimeter of the property of the ENR. To lay the fiber optics cable that connect the signaling devices to the station. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 36 Trenching along the railway Modernizing the signaling system consist of installing new underground cables along the railway tracks. Under the RISE project, the remaining trenching activities will take place (estimated by the contractor to be around 435 km of the total 760 km length of the total segments length), since the remaining distance was completed in terms of trenching under ENRRP, with the addition of 120 km for Cairo/Beni Suef segment to RISE project. Activities for installing underground cables include the following: 1) compacting the side roads, if needed, and clearing the corridor from any waste and remains to make room for the equipment and clear the safety distance for workers and their tools as per ENR standards. 2) Following site clearing, trenching activities begin. Trenching includes excavation, installation of new cables and wayside equipment, block system, and installation of interlocking equipment. Excavation consist digging 1.6 meters deep from the top soil and 60 cm wide trench to install 4 pipes to house the buried telecommunication and electrical cables, a pipe for fiber optics, and an empty pipe for any future works that may arise by ENR. 3) The activities are minimal and done either manually or by small excavating equipment such as small driller, compactor and shovels. Afterwards, 15 cm of sand cover the pipes and cables followed by backfill from the excavated soil are placed atop the pipes. If the safety clearance distance (2m) is not available on both sides of the railway, drilling of the trench and associated trenching works are performed on one side of the railway to house cables (8 pipes in total) for both sides. Most of the drilling is done manually in case a narrow distance is available that does not allow for the equipment to be placed. The trenching works are considered labor intensive, therefore, specific health and safety procedures such as PPE, work breaks, and safety precautions are kept in place to be monitored and maintained during work to avoid any adverse impacts from the works. Examples of trenching activities are presented in Figure 2-5. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 37 Figure 2-5 Trenching activities taken along trenching location on Cairo Alex line Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) All the 5 railway segments will cross over water bodies and channels. Consequently, signaling cables (telecommunication and power cables) of the proposed upgrade works have to cross these bodies of water running under water. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) will be used for this requirement for under water trenching which may result in surface water pollution. 1. Alexandria /Arab El Raml Segment: This The railway crosses bodies of water at several points along the Arab El Raml – Alexandria sector. Four of these crossings are over drawbridges. Consequently, communication and power cables of the existing and the proposed signaling network have to cross these bodies of water running under water. Underwater cables will cross the Rosetta Branch of the Nile River at Kafr El Zayat, and Berket El Sabaa. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is used for this required for under water trenching and according to the contractor all of the points on segment 1 are completed as shown in the following table. Table 2-2 List of HDD activities on Line 1 Location No of HDD points Completion Berket El Sabaa 1 Completed Kafr El Zayat 1 Completed 2. Cairo / Banha Segment Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 38 This segment will also require using HDD trenching technique at 3 points (1 point at Cairo & 2 points at Banha). Two of the HDD activities on segment 2 took part in Benha City under ENRRP project as shown in the table below. The 1 remaining drilling activity for crossing needed will be rolled over under RISE project. Table 2-3 List of HDD activities on Line 2 No of Location HDD Completion points Benha 2 Completed Not started Cairo 1 yet 3. Cairo/Giza/Beni Suef Segment: This railway segment crosses water bodies two swinging bridges; namely: Imbaba & El Ayat. Consequently, communication and power cables of the proposed signaling network have to cross these bodies of water running under water using HDD trenching technique as shown in the following table. Trenching activity for water crossings using HDD for this segment will be commenced under RISE project. Table 2-4 List of HDD activities on Cairo BeniSuef segment Location No of Completion HDD points Imbaba 1 Not started yet El Ayat 1 Not started yet 4. Beni Suef /Assuit Segment This segment will also require using HDD trenching technique at 2 points (1 point at Deirut & 1 point at Assuit) as shown in the table below. One of the 2 points already took place under ENRRP project. The 1 remaining drilling activity for crossing needed will be rolled over under RISE project. Table 2-5 List of HDD activities on BSA segment No of Location HDD Completion points Deirut 1 completed Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 39 Not started Assiut 1 yet 5. Assuit/ Nag Hammadi Segment This railway segment also requires using HDD trenching technique at 10 points (1 point at each of the following locations: El Muttea, Abou Tig, Sedfa, Tima, Tahta, Sohag, Basafoura, El Monsha, Girga, and Baghoura). The completed HDD trenching activities on segment 5 took part under ENRRP project as shown in the following table. The 2 remaining ongoing drilling activities for crossings needed will be rolled over under RISE project. Table 2-6 List of HDD activities on ANH segment No of Location HDD Completion points El Muttea 1 completed Abou Tig 1 completed Sodfa 1 completed Tima 1 completed Tahta 1 completed Sohag 1 completed Balsafoura 1 completed El Monsha 1 completed Girga 1 Ongoing Baghoura 1 Ongoing Construction works The signaling system modernization requires construction of signaling towers (technical buildings). The 3-story building that occupies around 400 m2 and house signaling equipment of 11 kV power, is used for technical reasons to house the cables, controls and interlocking equipment in several locations along the track and operate the signaling system. Each building serves a distance of around 6 km of railways and they are associated with railway stations to manage the operation of incoming railways, switching tracks and level crossings. Some of these towers are existing old buildings (considered main technical buildings), where the contractors install the cables in one room, the signaling equipment in another, and the third room is used for operation control and observing the railways. While some of the Signaling towers (either main or secondary) are new buildings that were constructed by the contractor under ENRRP project and the remaining ones will be built under RISE project. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 40 Secondary technical buildings are built in cases where the existing technical building was not sufficient for the service of a long distance, and needed a supplementary signaling tower to serve the distance. In such cases, the contractor, in consultation with design consultant build secondary technical buildings (of smaller area around 100-150 m2, and lower power capacity of 5 kV). The distribution and status of these signaling towers/technical buildings along the railway network is given in Table 2-7. Contractors have started works in most of the buildings, but many of them are not finally complete, therefore they will be rolled over to RISE Project as shown in the table. Table 2-7 Distribution of existing technical buildings along the lines Line Central Traffic Main Technical Building Secondary Technical Control Building Alexandria/Arab 1 (Sidi Gaber 10 (7 completed and 10 (1 remaining under Elraml Station) rehabilitated, RISE) 3 remaining under RISE) Cairo/Benha 1 (Ramsis Station) 9 (4 rehabilitated, 5 remaining under RISE) Cairo/BeniSuef 1 (Bashtil Station) 19 (mainly rehabilitation not determined yet and 1 new building) Beni Suef/ Assiut 1 (Minya Station) 15 (4 completed, 11 24 (14 to be completed remaining under RISE) under RISE) Assiut/Nag’ 1 (Sohag Station) 17 (to be completed 3 (to be completed Hammadi under RISE) under RISE) The new buildings by contractors along the railways are built using readymix or prefabricated concrete which is sourced ready to place in the site, to eliminate emissions to the air coming from concrete mixing, and reduces overall noise and dust emissions from the signaling towers as shown in Figure 2-6 . Labor intensive activities at the technical buildings are minor including painting, finishing works, and regular construction activities. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 41 Figure 2-6 New signaling tower (MTB) constructed in Sidi Gaber, Alexandria Description of Track Upgrades This activity includes the works for rehabilitation / renewal of tracks and switches in the stations which are subject of installation of the EIS. The track upgrade takes place in specific areas of selected stations and crate conditions for the installation of the new signaling system according with the detailed design which is developed by the contractors (the works take on isolates areas of tens or hundreds of meters usually on both ends of station, in the area od switches). The implementation of the new signaling system requires a good quality of rails and ballast and replacement of old switches with new models which can be remotely controlled by the EIS. The following figure provides an example of tracks that need upgrades in certain parts. it should be noted that footprint of tracks will not change. Track rehabilitation will take place on isolated spots in selected stations (usually in the switches areas) along the line and in parallel to the signaling works. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 42 Figure 2-7 Old tracks along one of the segments Track upgrade works financed by ENR along the segments Most of these track renewals and upgrades are completed along the segments contemporaneously with the signaling modernization in each segment according to the segment contractor plan. • Track renewal: The process would entail use of equipment for track renewal to remove the old tracks (rails, sleepers or fasteners) which are usually made of wood or concrete. Old tracks (rails, sleepers, etc.) will be removed and loaded on a train of flat cars to ENR storage yards for subsequent storage and selling. • Tracks: The rails/tracks are imported through Alexandria Port, then they are transported to welding and assembly workshops based on the segment they will be used in, to be welded and assembled with the cross ties and fasteners and other parts under ENR supervision and management. For Cairo/BeniSuef/Assiut lines, the tracks are transported to a welding workshop in Qena Governorate and then to an assembly workshop in Minya governorate. For Cairo/Alexandria lines, the imported tracks are transported to one welding and assembly workshop in Tanta governorate. Finally, they are transported using goods train to the track renewal location. Impacts on traffic and OHS are mentioned in the impacts chapter. • Sleepers/Ties: As for sleepers or ties, they are manufactured locally by two factories in Egypt, i) Egyptian Company for Pipes & Cement Products Siegwart factory in Helwan City, Cairo, and ii) Nile General Company for roads and bridges Factory in Qena. The sleepers are transported using flat trains to the track renewal site. Both factories manufacture sleepers for use in Metro, Railway and Monorails, not exclusive for ENR authority. Therefore, they are not considered as associated facilities of the RISE project. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 43 Table 2-8 Distribution of the track renewal activities along the five segments Line 1: Alexandria/Arab Elraml Track Railway No. of No. of Concrete No. of Wooden Ballast renewal track (ton) fasteners ties/sleepers ties/sleepers (m3) (km) 7 1200 55 11670 2750 18,000 Line 2: Cairo/Benha Track Railway No. of No. of Concrete No. of Wooden Ballast renewal track (ton) fasteners ties ties/sleepers (m3) (km) 40 5460 141 66680 7050 89870 Line 3: Cairo/beni Suef Track Railway No. of No. of Concrete No. of Wooden Ballast renewal track (ton) fasteners ties ties/sleepers (m3) (km) 100 11520 72 167470 3600 205960 Line 4: Beni Suef/Assiut Track Railway No. of No. of Concrete No. of Wooden Ballast renewal track (ton) fasteners ties ties/sleepers (m3) (km) 21 3250 123 35000 6150 50600 Line 5: Assiut/Nag Hammadi Track Railway No. of No. of Concrete No. of Wooden Ballast renewal track (ton) fasteners ties ties/sleepers (m3) (km) 28 4170 143 46670 7150 66000 Current Status of works in the Segments The works started under ENRRP on the segments Alexandria - Benha- Cairo and Beni Suef – Asyut – Nag Hammadi that will not be finalized by the closing date of ENRRP (December 2020) will be financed as a part of component 1 of RISE project. The following section outlines the current status of the works along the project segments. The remaining trenching and signaling activities will be rolled over to RISE. The project is expected to be implemented over a span of 5 years. Segment 1: Alexandria – Arab El Raml Segment 1 is around 160 km and has 10 railway stations along its length. The map on the right in the following figure shows the expected completion date of each MTB and trenching Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 44 activities by date. The contractor reported completion of 86% of the works on this line and 78% of the trenching activities. Figure 2-8 Progress along Cairo/Alex line in terms of technical buildings and trenching sections completed Segment 2: Cairo/Benha This segment is the shortest, with only around 45 km, and has 9 railway stations along its length. The map on the right shows the expected completion date of each MTB and trenching activities by date, also around 44% of the total works on this segment are done, and around 78% of the trenching activities as well. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 45 Figure 2-9 Progress along Cairo/Benha line in terms of technical buildings and trenching sections completed NEW Segment 3: Cairo/Beni Suef Segment The Cairo / Giza / Beni Suef corridor is located in the north of Egypt on the Nile River valley, within the Cairo metropolitan area as shown in the following figure. The work has not started yet on this line and it will be progressing under RISE. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 46 Figure 2-10 Stations and technical buildings along the segment ENR will issue bidding documents for assigning a new international contractor. The line is expected to have 65 level crossings (to be renewed and rehabilitated) and 19 Main technical buildings with the replacement/renewal of 100 km of old tracks according to ENR along Cairo/Giza/Beni Suef segment. Most buildings (signaling towers) along this line are existing, and need rehabilitation in terms of equipment and signaling works, however, only one building will be constructed to serve the new Bashteel station to be constructed along this line. This signaling tower will be included within RISE scope, however the station itself will be completed in a separate project and studies. Currently, it is equipped with electrical relay interlocking and a non-electrified line run by diesel locomotives. The track layout is dense particularly in interlocking areas Cairo/Giza/Beni Suef is a double track section as shown in Table 2-9 . The replacement of the current relay interlocking system by a modern and efficient automatic electronic system will allow supporting the forecasted capacity levels. Table 2-9 Capacity of Cairo/Beni Suef Line Type of track Double Track Current number of freight trains 54 trains/day Current number of passenger 90 trains/day trains Total number of trains 144 trains/day Current Line Capacity 160 trains/day Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 47 Estimation of Potential Line 286 trains/day Capacity4 The primary scope of RISE is to increase the transport capacity. However, as with any new technology, the new signaling system will provide additional transport capacity due to better utilization of the existing railway network. RISE project will enable maximizing the capacity of the current railway tracks in the 5 segments after the completion of the signaling and track upgrading works in around 6 years. Segment 3 will receive works not previously begun and the other segments will receive final completion works. The traffic increase associated with the RISE project is expected to be insignificant in all segments in light of the capacity of the fleet operated by ENR as well as the decreased demand due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Currently, based on demand forecasts and ENR resource plans, while the infrastructure will be ready to accept greater volumes of traffic, it is not expected that the project will result, directly or indirectly.in an increase in the train traffic. This line in particular is distinguished with the presence of swinging bridges that connect the trains. A Swinging bridge, which is a railway bridge that rotates to allow boat traffic on the river, is in use on this line section over Nile River. Imbaba And El Ayat Bridge are the only two swinging bridge included in the corridor of this project. These bridges are the key to connect by train Cairo with southern Egypt. The protection of the swinging bridge is performed by the two interlockings at both sides of the bridge (bridge section). The aim is to ensure that no train is on the section between the two interlockings and there is no route established on the way to entry into that section. The conditions shall be satisfied on normal and contraflow directions. The signaling functionality is similar to a level crossing. The protection request is sent to the interlocking, then the interlocking checks all conditions and if all are satisfied, the protection is granted, using a protection key device on-site to open/unlock mechanically the bridge. Segment 4: Beni Suef/Assiut (BSA) • The line passes through 10 stations and 15 main technical buildings are planned along the line. The status of the technical buildings was mentioned above in Table 2-7, with around 66% of the trenching activities are complete, and 53% of the total works are done. 4 Not currently foreseen Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 48 Figure 2-11 Progress along BSA line in terms of technical buildings and trenching sections completed Segment 5: Assiut/Nag’ Hammadi (ANH) The figure below shows the progress in segment 5 in terms of MTB and STBs commissioned, and trenching kilometers completed. According to the contractor, around 50% of the works on this segment are completed, and 20% of the trenching activities done. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 49 Figure 2-12 Progress along ANH in terms of technical buildings and trenching sections completed Associated facilities According to the World Bank ESF, “Associated Facilities” means facilities or activities that are not funded as part of the project and are: (a) directly and significantly related to the project; and (b) carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project; and (c) necessary for the project to be viable and would not have been constructed, expanded or conducted if the project did not exist. This section provides an overview on the associated Facilities to RISE project that are expected to meet the requirements of the ESF. The following subsections present the project associated facilities: Construction of a small room (shelter) at level crossings Small rooms to house level crossing equipment were carried out by the Nile company during the works and financed by ENR. Most of the construction works and buildings are done along the lines within the ENR right of way, but under RISE around 65 level crossings will be added in the new segment 3 (Cairo/Beni Suef), in addition to the remaining level crossing works in Beni Suef/Assiut and Assiut/Nag Hammadi lines. Road works upgrade at level crossings Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 50 Road works and upgrades are usually financed by the municipality in coordination with ENR. Where signaling works at any level-crossings are contemporaneous 5 with access road upgrades, road works would also be considered associated facilities. Ancillary sites for track upgrades such as quarry sites for ballast sourcing for track renewals and waste disposal sites are not considered associated facilities according to the ESF criteria. However, the contractors assigned for each segment will procure ballast from the following existing licensed quarries using approved permits 1. Quarry of km 48 - Oases line. 2. Quarry of km 66-Oases line. 3. Quarry of Bani Mazar - Minia Governorate. 4. Quarry of Al Kfour - Minia Governorate. 5. Quarry of Safaga. Similarly, disposal of generated waste will be in existing and licensed landfills and the solid waste is disposed to the public landfills of the local units in each governorate, and hazardous waste is collected and transported by certified licensed hazardous waste contractor to El- Nasreya hazardous waste Landfill, as further described in the following study sections. LMP elaborates labor issues pertaining to primary supply workers and indirect workers to ensure compliance with ESS2. Resources and Auxiliary Components Expected amount of waste Waste associated with the project implementation is divided into: 1- Trenching waste from sand and soil, it is reduced along the project segments by backfilling., 2- Solid wastes such as construction waste/debris, municipal waste, cardboard boxes, and those are disposed of in a licensed landfill through certified solid waste contractor per each contractor. 3- Concrete Waste from moving trucks transporting precast concrete, and any remaining concrete in trucks. This excess concrete is given to local communities free of charge to use in renovation, domestic activities as a part of CSR and waste reduction methods. 4- Hazardous waste such as paints or glue joints (used in tracks replacement), oil containers and chemicals. To dispose of hazmat, any hazardous waste generated is collected and 5 Contemporaneous: occur within the period of signaling works or level crossing upgrades identification to completion of the works Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 51 transported by a certified hazardous waste contractor, and its records are kept and documented. However, the contractors use only water-based paints. Figure 2-13 Example of Waste collection from Beni Suef Assiut Line (debris and sand on the left and chemical storage on the right) As per waste generation quantities per segment, the contractors provided the following quantities for some segments: The Cairo/Alex project (Segments 1,2) generate around 250 kg debris, 23,000 kg wood, 477 kg cardboard, 7000 kg plastic, 325 kg metal annually. Segment 5 Assiut Nag Hammadi generates around 11000 kg debris, 620 kg wood, 240 kg cardboard, 230 kg plastic, 370 kg metal per year. Expected amount of used materials and water Sand: After the cables are installed, a layer of sand of 15 cm will be placed over the cables as a protection layer covered by a protection plastic tape. The amount of sand, which will be used amount to approximately 0.3 m3 per 1 km of railway, which is around 130 m3 per the 435 km remaining distance of the railway under the RISE project. Water: for trenching activities: The digging is mostly manual so minimal energy will be consumed in trenching and water is not a major component of the process. For technical buildings: the water used by workers and in any construction is sourced by daily tanks, around 3 m3/day. As for wastewater, most sites are connected to municipal sewage network to dispose of any resulting wastewater, but in case the site is in a rural or off-grid area, septic tanks are used on sites then a certified contractor is responsible for sludge collection and treatment then final disposal in wastewater network. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 52 Ballast needed for Track upgrades The process to upgrade tracks requires sourcing ballast from quarries, transportation of material and new tracks, normally through the railway as well as disposal of old ballast and tracks. New ballast of basalt gravel will be added to a depth of 30 cm. This layer will be mechanically packed according to the technical specifications until reaching the final designed level. The quantities of ballast basalt required for the replacement of the track sections has been specified in the project documents provided by ENR and mentioned in Error! Reference source not found.. The project document does not specify the expected source of basalt. However, basalt quarries are found at several areas in the Egyptian desert and have been in use for centuries. The largest are the Abu Zabal Quarries located just northeast of Cairo, which produce most of the basalt used in the Greater Cairo area. Number of workers According to documentation provided by the current contractors; Segment 1 and 2 (Cairo/Alex lines) implemented by Thales (Contractor) have a total of 803 workers from the contractor itself and the subcontractors and primary supplier workers. Segment 4 (Assiut nag’ Hammadi Line) also managed by Thales has around 773 workers. On average, 4 workers per km are hired by the contractors and primary supplier contractors. Number of labors working in each segment is given in the following table. Table 2-10 Number of workers in each segment (monthly average) Segment segment Contractor primary Total worker/km length workers supply workers (km) workers Alexandria - Arab 210 642 161* 803 3.82 Elraml / Cairo Benha Beni Suef – Asyut 250 655 164* 819 3.28 Asyut – Nag 180 605 168 773 4.29 Hammadi Cairo – Giza – Beni 120 384 96 480 4 Suef ** Track renewal 196 784** 196* 980 4 *Estimated as 25% of contractor labor **estimated using the average of 4 labor /km Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 53 Contractors on-site The contractors have movable office spaces along each segment of the line or in the technical building for the management staff which will be supplied with a septic tank for sewage. No worker accommodation will be constructed as all workers will be sourced from local communities and neighboring villages. Transportation is offered to workers. Moreover, each site has an HSE plan by the contractor that is regularly updated and kept. Any subcontractor who is appointed any role in the project shall wear PPE. Security Services The implementation of the new signaling requires installation of telecoms equipment’s and materials that are installed along the track. Therefore, sometimes there is a need to monitor the areas of the working sites to prevent robberies of materials and equipment. Under ENRRP, private surveillance services were subcontracted in some of the project areas. The patrolling of the sites is carried out by unarmed security personnel along the sections where the construction activities are ongoing depending on the site location. The private security’s role is preventive and defensive, with no law-enforcement authority. The security personnel are watching the sites continuously and reporting immediately to the police in cases of suspicious actions and threats. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 54 3 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK The legal and institutional framework description that follows is applicable to components 1 and 2. The ESA has been developed to meet the requirements of the following: • Laws, regulations and policies of Egypt pertaining to environmental, health and safety and social impact assessment and risk management • IBRD’s Environments and Social Standards 1 – 10 (“ESS”), dated October 1, 2018. • Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) including the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety General Guidelines (“WBG EHS General Guidelines”), and WBG EHS guidelines for Railways, 2007. • Relevant international conventions and protocols relating to environmental and social issues, as transposed into national legislation. Several national and international laws and policies provide the legal framework for the investigated project. The national framework includes the Egyptian Environmental Law and all its relevant subsequent amendments and executive regulations. The international framework adopted in this study is the World Bank's ESS, the World Bank environmental, health and safety general guidelines and that for railways. These international criteria cover key areas for environmental and social impacts to be adhered to by any of the Foundation's funded projects. This section reviews both national and international policies and their applicability to the project. Egyptian law provides for environmental compliance procedures and emission limits, which are close to the WBG limits, if not more conservative. The proposed project components must comply with international policies, which stipulate compliance with local laws. If there is a difference between local and WBG standards, the more stringent standards will be adopted. National Legal Framework Annex I provides a thorough explanation of the various national laws, regulations and framework related to environmental and social impact assessment studies. Table 3-1 summarizes the national legal provisions applicable to the proposed project; the following paragraphs discuss the legal requirements of the proposed project as the owner of the project under the provisions of these paragraphs in detail and include any relevant standards or specifications, implementing bodies concerned and penalties for infringement and irregularities. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 55 Table 3-1 The legal framework for the project Relevant Standards and Relevant Law Articles applicable Case executive specifications and legislation to the project regulations provided Articles 10, 11, 12, 13, 13 bis, Articles 19, 20, 21, 14, 15 and 16 23, and 33 regarding the regarding the Appendix 3 of performance of Law No. 4/1994 performance of the Executive environmental Pollution of (Environmental environmental Regulations of impact the Law) Amended impact assessment the Law: A assessment environment by Law No. 9 of Articles 22 and 23 Model for the 2009 Articles 17 and Environmental regarding the 18 regarding Register follow-up of the the follow-up to environmental the register environmental register Law No. 4/1994 Articles 29 and 30 Hazardous (Environmental regarding waste Law) Amended hazardous material management by Law No. 9 of and waste handling 2009 and management Articles 15, 16,20,31, 33,34, 38 Waste for municipal waste Law 202 for 2020 management and articles 58,60 & 61 for hazardous waste. cleanliness law Law 38/1967 38/1967 (Public amended by law Cleanliness 31/1976 and its Law) executive regulations Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 56 Relevant Standards and Relevant Law Articles applicable Case executive specifications and legislation to the project regulations provided Articles 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 44, 45 of the project site and responsibilities, Appendix 5: Substances 34 to the permissible Maximum 39, 42, 43 and 47 limits of air limits of bis of the project pollutants, external air site, emissions or exhausts of pollutants leaks of air Law No. 4/1994 machinery and pollutants, use of Appendix 7, (Environmental engines, open engines, dumping Table (3) Air pollution Law) Amended burning and or burning of Maximum by Law No. 9 of disposal of refuse, waste and noise levels in 2009 waste, methods exhaust of drilling different areas of dealing with and construction (rural waste and works, noise and dwellings, exhaust of internal air quality urban drilling and in order dwellings, etc.) construction, permissible noise limits, indoor air quality in order Appendix 7: Permissible Articles 44, 45, limits for Articles 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48 on indoor and Law No. 4/1994 45, 46 on noise, noise, indoor air indoor noise Occupational (Environmental indoor air quality, quality, levels Health and Law) Amended temperature and temperature Safety by Law No. 9 of humidity, and humidity, Appendix 8: 2009 ventilation and ventilation and Maximum air smoking. smoking pollutants respectively within the workplace according to Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 57 Relevant Standards and Relevant Law Articles applicable Case executive specifications and legislation to the project regulations provided the quality of each industry. Appendix 8, table 4: Quantity of air required to ventilate public areas. Appendix 9: Maximum and minimum temperature and humidity Law No. 137 of 1981 (Labor Law) amended by Decree 12 of 2003 Articles Law 203 of 2014 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 concerning the for the stimulation of establishment of electricity projects for the production from construction of renewable electricity from energy sources renewable sources of energy. Law No. 10 of Articles 2 (fourth year 1990 and its paragraph), 3, 5 land amendments by (second paragraph), acquisition Law No. 24 for 6 (second the year 2018, paragraph), 7 (first and law No. 1 for paragraph), 13, 15 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 58 Relevant Standards and Relevant Law Articles applicable Case executive specifications and legislation to the project regulations provided the year 2015. (first paragraph) of The law describes Law No. 10 of 1990 the cases of regarding property expropriation of expropriation for real estate for the public benefit, public benefit Scope of Public Consultation Methodology of Law 4/1994 on Public Environmental Paragraph 6.4.3.1 Consultation Protection Public Paragraph 6.4.3.2 Documentation Consultation EEAA guidelines of the related to the Paragraph 6.4.3.3 Consultation Public Paragraph 7 Results Consultation Requirement and Scope of the Public Disclosure Egyptian Law Enforcement Authorities The staff of Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) and its branches in the governorates, to be determined by a decision of the Minister of Justice in agreement with the minister concerned with environmental affairs, shall have the status of judicial control officers in proving the crimes committed in violation of the provisions of the law and the decisions executed therefor, Which gives the authority to prove the commission of offenses in violation of the provisions of Law 4/1994 or the decisions issued in implementation thereof. Traffic Law Enforcement Authority 121/2008 is the traffic police of the Ministry of Interior. The enforcement authority for Law 93/1962 regarding the discharge of wastewater to the public sewerage system is the Ministry of Housing, in cooperation with the sanitation authorities. The enforcement authority for Law 48/1982 on the protection of water bodies from pollution is the Ministry of Irrigation. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 59 The Relevant International Treaties Signed by Egypt Egypt has signed and ratified a number of international conventions that oblige the country to preserve environmental resources.  International Plant Protection Convention (Rome, 1951)  African Convention for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Algeria, 1968)  UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, 16 November 1972)  United Nations Convention on Climate Change (New York 1992). The Convention covers measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from various sources, including transportation  Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), covering the conservation of plant and animal species and their habitat, and biological diversity  Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna 1985)  Convention on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards caused by Carcinogenic Substances (Geneva, 1974)  Convention on the Protection of Workers from Occupational Hazards in the Work Environment due to Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration (Geneva 1977)  ILO: Basic labor standards to be followed during project implementation. Egypt has been a member of the International Labor Organization (ILO) since 1936 and has signed 64 conventions that regulate labor standards and working conditions. In 1988 Egypt ratified the Occupational Safety and Health Convention of 1979 (No. 152)  Cultural Heritage: Respect for cultural heritage and non-financing of projects that threaten the safety of sites with a high level of protection for reasons of cultural heritage, for example UNESCO World Heritage Sites  Consultation, participation and public disclosure: Aarhus regulation promotes transparency of environmental information and involvement of project stakeholders. The consultation identifies and manages any public concern at an early stage. The Regulations include provisions for public disclosure of key project information: such as non-technical summary and environmental impact assessment Penalties Violations of Law 4/1994, Amended by Law 9/2009 Chapter 4 (articles 84 to 101) defines the penalties provided for violations of the provisions of the various articles of law. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 60 Article 84: Without prejudice to any more severe punishment provided for in another law, whoever contravenes the provisions of Article (28) of this Law shall be subject to imprisonment and / or fined not less than five thousand pounds and not more than fifty thousand pounds. In all cases, the court shall order the confiscation of seized birds, animals, living organisms, plants and fossils, as well as machinery, weapons, equipment and means of transport used in the commission of the crime. Article (84): Penalties for violation of the provisions of Articles 22 (Environmental Register), 37 (item A) (open burning of waste), 69 (discharge of untreated waste or liquids) of this law shall be imprisonment for not more than one year and / with a fine of not less than five thousand pounds and not more than one hundred thousand pounds. Any person who contravenes the provisions of Articles 19 and 23 (environmental declarations for expansions and renewals of an existing establishment) shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty thousand pounds and not more than one million pounds. In the event of a return to the offense, the minimum and maximum amount of the fine is doubled, and the maximum period of imprisonment doubled. In addition to the previous original penalties, there may be penalties for closing the facility, revoking the issued license or suspending the infringing activity. Article 86: Violation of the provisions of Article 36 (equipment / machinery exceeding permissible air emissions levels) shall be punishable by a fine of not less than 200 pounds and not exceeding 300 pounds. For violations of the provisions of Article 39 of Law 4/1994 and its amendments in Law 9/2009 (Construction and Demolition Activities), the penalty shall be a fine of not less than LE 500 and not more than LE 1000. The court may order a suspension of the license for at least one week and not more than six months. If the offense is returned, the court may revoke the license. Article 87: Any person who contravenes the provisions of Article 42 by using the loudspeaker with a volume exceeding the permitted levels of sound intensity. He shall be punished by a fine of not less than LE 500 and not more than 2000 LE. The machines and equipment used in the violation shall be confiscated. Violators are subject to the provisions of Articles 35, 37, 40, 43, 44, 45, or 46 to fines not less than 1000 pounds and not more than 20,000 pounds. In the event of a return to the contrary, the fine provided for in the preceding paragraphs shall be doubled. Article 95: A deliberate violation of the provisions of Law 4/1994 and its amendments in Law 9/2009 shall be punishable by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years if this violation causes permanent disability to an incurable individual. The penalty shall be imprisonment if an offense results in the disability of three or more persons. If the consequences of the offense are the death of a person, the penalty shall be temporary hard labor, and if it results in the death of three or more persons, the penalty shall be permanent hard labor. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 61 International Standards and Guidelines The aim of following international guidelines and standards is to ensure that all issues are considered and managed in line with international good practice. This section describes the most relevant international guidelines and standards aimed at ensuring that all environmental and social issues are considered and managed in line with good international practices. Where standards and guidelines do not exist in Egyptian law or are more stringent than similar industrial guidelines, compliance will be with the more stringent guidelines. World Bank Requirements The project components shall comply with the WB Environmental and Social Framework, Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) and guidelines. The standards help to ensure the environmental and social soundness and sustainability of investment projects. They also support integration of environmental and social aspects of projects into the decision-making process. In addition, the ESF promotes sustainable development by supporting the protection, conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and the environment. World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social standards that should be considered in its financed projects. These standards are:  Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts  Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions  Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management  Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety  Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement  Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources  Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities  Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage  Environmental and Social Standard 9: Financial Intermediaries  Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 62 ESS 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts This ESS highlights the importance of managing environmental and social performance, including the ESIA studies. There are some main objectives of this performance standard, which target the high standard of performing the ESIA in order to comply with the international standards. These main objectives are:  To identify and evaluate environmental and social risks and impacts of the project  To adopt a mitigation hierarchy to anticipate and avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize, and, where residual impacts remain, compensate/offset for risks and impacts to workers, affected communities, and the environment  To promote improved environmental and social performance of clients through the effective use of management systems  To ensure that grievances from affected communities and external communications from other stakeholders are responded to and managed appropriately  To promote and provide means for adequate engagement with affected communities throughout the project cycle on issues that could potentially affect them and to ensure that relevant environmental and social information is disclosed and disseminated Project activities will impact environmental receptors including air quality, noise levels, and soil. The project activities will include generation and handling of hazardous types of waste. If not managed properly, activities will negatively impact environmental receptors. Project activities involve a significant social component due to planned locations of activities in urban areas or near communities. ESS1 is relevant to this project due to the environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the activities, including: a. Environmental risks and impacts, including: (i) those defined by the EHSGs; (ii) those related to community safety (including pedestrian safety and safe use of railways); (ii) noise from construction activities, solid and hazardous waste; and b. Social risks and impacts, including: (i)risk of child labor, (ii) temporary labor influx, (iii) risk of gender-based violence, and (iv) land acquisition. ESS 2: Labor and Working Conditions This ESS discusses the worker-management relationship. It aims to promote the fair treatment and equal opportunities of workers without any discrimination in order to comply with the national employment and labor laws to protect workers (including vulnerable categories such as children, workers engaged via third party and workers in the supply chain) and to avoid the use of forced labor in order to promote safe working conditions. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 63 Project activities will involve employment of labor. The nature of activities will involve general construction and associated health and safety risks and hazards. The project will involve specialized activities involving generation and handling of hazardous wastes and associated safety hazards and risks. The scale of the project is expected to require employment of various types of workers including direct, contracted, and primary suppliers. ESS2 is relevant to this proposed project due to the need for workers and health and safety impacts associated with the nature of project activities as well as the other risk related to the hiring procedures and the labor working conditions which are all addressed under the developed LMP. ESS 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management This ESS aims to protect the human health and protect the environment by minimizing the pollution that occurs from different project activities. This can be achieved by promoting the use of sustainable resources of energy and water; and reducing the air pollutants and GHG emissions. Project activities will involve generation of polluted wastewater. Project activities will also involve resource consumption in the form of water, electricity etc. ESS3 is relevant to this project due to activities involving consumption of resources and generation of pollution. ESS4: Community Health and Safety This ESS aims at avoiding the negative impacts on health and safety of the affected communities throughout the whole project cycle. This has to be done in accordance with relevant human rights principles in order to avoid or minimize any harmful effects or risks that may occur affecting the affected communities. Project activities involving infrastructural physical interventions, transportation of wastes along roads. The operation of the project will involve management of hazardous wastes, road safety, pedestrian crossing the railway tracks, vehicles and people safety risks at level-crossings in addition to the diesel storage tanks present at some of the station sites with possible risks on the community health and safety. ESS4 is relevant to the project due to possible risks and impacts on the community health and safety from project activities, including: (i) risks for communities living adjacent to physical works, (ii) risks from ENR‘s operations and current safety performance, (iii) the COVID-19 pandemic also introduces potential risks of community exposure through contagion pathways such as meetings, stakeholder engagement sessions and construction sites, and from train travel in general Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 64 ESS 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement This ESS discusses the resettlement techniques (physical or economic) that cannot be avoided and need to be done as a result of any land acquisition or restrictions on land use that occur during the project life cycle. The standard aims to avoid, or minimize if avoidance is not possible, the adverse social and economic impact of land acquisition but providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost and ensure the resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate information, consultation and informed participation of the affected personnel. ESS5 is relevant to the project. The project activities under component 1 (i.e. building equipment shelters, trenching for cables, main and secondary technical buildings) take place within the existing right of way of the railway corridor, owned by the state. The most significant land needs of the project are related to the Main Technical Buildings (MTB) that each occupy an area of about 400 m2. The designated MTB land plots are usually vacant, but in limited number of cases, the plot has been rented by ENR to employees or farmers, who pay an annual fee to ENR, or the land is sometimes encroached informally. Systems have been established as part of ENRRP to help ENR follow procedures to determine the land related issues prior to construction, the impacts associated with land acquisition for construction work and to identify mitigation measures and corrective measures associated with it. Those include, master lists with include a description and data for all construction sites, including MTBs, STBs and rooms for level crossings. In cases, where land taking might be needed, land screening forms are applied. Those forms include guidance on when to prepare resettlement plans, depending on responses to 6 questions (details are found in the updated RF in section 3.2.1). The RF also includes additional due diligence of the new Segment 3 to better understand recent and future land related impacts for signaling towers and shelters at level crossings. The RF indicates that 19 MTBs are needed for Segment 3, 18 of which will be housed in existing rehabilitated buildings. One MTB will be constructed at Bashtil station, on an empty land plot that is part of larger area under development by ENR. The updated RF also considers the possibility that contractors may rent land within the ROW for temporary storage of the new track materials, as part of the track upgrading and sets out an appropriate protocol for this arrangement based on mutually acceptable conditions between the two parties. Railway segments 1,2,4,5 under ENNRP required approximately 50 MTBs, all of which are either completed or under construction, so no new land plots for MTBs are required for these segments. Land Acquisition is not expected in connection with Component 2. A screening tool has been developed as part of the ESA - Annex III: Environmental and Scoail Elgibility Criteria/ Exclusion checklists and land related issues will be identified at screening stage in the process. If any land will be needed, RPs will be prepared Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 65 ESS 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources This ESS aims to protect and conserve the biodiversity and adopting the practices that integrate conservation needs and development priorities in order to promote the sustainable management of living natural resources. Project activities are planned at the existing railway track that is been in place for a century and is already part of the man-made landscape. Although some wild animals and plants seem to utilize man-made microhabitats around the track corridor, none seems to be obligate user that requires these microhabitats for its survival, where a preliminary assessment of baseline conditions reveals no risks on biodiversity. The project will use only licensed quarries to source sand and gravel that are approved by the ministry of Environment. Also, the impacts on water resources including marine biodiversity is not expected, however wastes mismanagement especially during the HDD or working in close proximity to the river/branches might result in the release of contaminants to the water resources. therefore, ESS6 is precautionary relevant. ESS 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities ESS 7 aims to ensure that the development process maintains full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of indigenous people issue. It aims to establish an on-going relationship based on Informed Consultation and Participation (ICP) with the local communities that may be affected by a project. Project activities are planned at the same existing railway track from Alexandria to Nag Hammadi, where there are no indigenous people. ESS7 is not currently relevant to this project. ESS 8: Cultural Heritage This ESS aims to protect the cultural heritage from any impacts that may occur during the project life cycle. It promotes the equal sharing of benefits from use of cultural heritage. Project activities will involve excavation works for cable trenching along the railway track on shallow depths but the railway track is not known to contain archeological sites, therefore, there are no risks of finding tangible physical cultural heritage. However, the possibility of the ''chance finds'' will be taken into account. . ESS8 is relevant to the project due to the minor possibility of the ''chance finds'' and some Mosques may be impacted negatively by project activities; if the construction activities can take place near some mosques at the crossings level, as a result of the project; as only road creation for level crossings that will be relocated are considered associated facility, and mosques are buildings of great value to community members. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 66 ESS 9: Financial Intermediaries (FI) ESS 9 aims to set out guidelines for the FI for the assessment and management of environmental and social risks and impacts resulted from the financed subprojects. It also seeks to promote good environmental and social management practices as well as sound human resources management in the financed subprojects. Project activities do not include financial intermediaries. ESS9 is not currently relevant to the project. ESS 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure This ESS discusses the importance of open and transparent engagement between the Borrower and project stakeholders as an essential element of good international practice. Effective engagement of stakeholders can improve the environmental and social sustainability of projects, enhance project acceptance, and make a significant contribution to successful project design and implementation. Project activities involve the modernization of the railway sector, which is a vital sector in Egypt involving various stakeholders both formal and informal. Stakeholder engagement activities will be conducted throughout the lifetime of the project cycle. This will apply to the stakeholders related to this component of the project as well as the remaining components. A Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) will be prepared as part of the project preparation and should be carefully applied throughout project implementation. Consultations will be conducted as part of the RPs that could be developed as needed. Related information disclosure will be done using the appropriate modalities for each group of the stakeholders as per the SEP. ESS10 is relevant to the project due to the involvement of various stakeholders and complex implications of the project. World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines The general World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines will be followed to ensure that all the project components and subcomponents comply with the Environmental Health and Safety standards and requirements of the WB during the different phases of the project. Environmental health and safety guidelines are organized to identify common themes applied to any industrial sector or project (Table 3-2). These guidelines are based on good international industrial practices and the achievable levels of performance in new facilities at reasonable costs through existing technology. It is important to note that if national regulations differ from the levels and measures contained in the environmental health and safety guidance, the project developer is expected to achieve the most stringent. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 67 Table 3-2 Themes of the WB EHS guidelines and applicable ones Aspect WB EHS guidelines Applicability Environmental Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality ✓ Energy Conservation  Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality ✓ Water Conservation ✓ Hazardous Materials Management ✓ Waste Management ✓ Noise ✓ Contaminated Land ✓ Occupational General Facility Design and Operation ✓ Health and Safety Communication and Training ✓ Physical Hazards ✓ Chemical Hazards ✓ Biological Hazards ✓ Radiological Hazards  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ✓ Special Hazard Environments ✓ Monitoring ✓ Community Water Quality and Availability ✓ Health and Safety Structural Safety of Project Infrastructure ✓ Life and Fire Safety (L&FS) ✓ Traffic Safety ✓ Transport of Hazardous Materials ✓ Disease Prevention ✓ Emergency Preparedness and Response ✓ Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 68 Construction and Environment ✓ Decommissioning Occupational Health and Safety ✓ Community Health and Safety ✓ World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Railways The EHS Guidelines for Railways are applicable to activities typically conducted by rail infrastructure operators dedicated to passenger and freight transport. This guideline is organized into two main areas, namely rail operations, covering construction and maintenance of rail infrastructure as well as operation of rolling stock, such as locomotives and rail cars; and, locomotive maintenance activities, including engine services, and other mechanical repair and maintenance of locomotives and railcars. Table 3-3 1.1.1.1 Industry-Specific Impacts, Management and Monitoring Aspect Activity Possible Impact Monitoring Rail Operations - Habitat alteration and Environmental monitoring fragmentation programs should be implemented - Emissions to air to address all activities that have - Fuel management been identified to have potentially - Wastewater significant impacts on the - Waste environment, during normal - Noise operations and upset conditions. Maintenance - Hazardous materials Environmental monitoring activities of Rolling Stock - Wastewater should be based on direct or - Waste management indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use Environment applicable to the particular project. Monitoring frequency should be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring should be conducted by trained individuals following monitoring and record- keeping procedures and using properly calibrated and maintained equipment. Monitoring data should be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 69 Aspect Activity Possible Impact Monitoring standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. Rail Operations - Train / worker The working environment should accidents be occupational hazards relevant to - Noise and vibration the specific project. Monitoring - Diesel exhaust should be designed and - Fatigue implemented by accredited - Electrical hazards professionals45 as part of an - Electric and magnetic occupational health and safety fields monitoring program. Facilities should also maintain a record of occupational accidents and diseases and dangerous occurrences and accidents Maintenance Physical, chemical, and of Rolling Stock biological hazards as well as confined space Occupational entry hazards. Health and Physical hazards may be Safety associated with work in proximity to moving equipment. Chemical hazards may include potential exposures to a variety of hazardous materials. Biological hazards may include potential exposures to pathogens present in sewage storage compartments. Confined spaces may include access to railroad tank and grain cars during repair and maintenance. · General rail the threat of serious Community operational injury or the potential Health and safety loss of life due to train Safety collisions with other trains or with road Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 70 Aspect Activity Possible Impact Monitoring vehicles, as well as the possibility of derailment due to these or other operational causes · Transport of a potential risk of dangerous release to the goods environment in the event of accidents · Level Represent high-risk crossings accident locations for safety railways. On railways with sparse traffic, a flagman may be used to stop all traffic at the crossing and clear the tracks before the approach of a train · Pedestrian risks from moving safety trains, electrical lines and equipment, and hazardous substances Gap Analysis for Key Egyptian and WB Environmental and Social Standards This section outlines the key requirements of both the Egyptian legislations and the WB ESSs and the gaps between the requirements of the two entities. Gap Analysis for ESSs and National Laws Table 3-4 shows the gaps between the WB ESSs and national laws. Table 3-4 Gap analysis between ESSs and national laws ESS National Laws Gap ESS 1: Assessment and • Law No. 4 of 1994 Amended Management of by Law No. 9 of 2009 • Discrepancies in air quality, Environmental and (Environment Law) and its water quality and noise limits Social Risks and amended Articles of between the national laws Impacts Association amended by and WB standards Resolution 1095 of 2011, Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 71 Decree No. 710 of 2012, • Not addressing all social risks Decision of the Prime Minister and impacts, including: (ii) No. 964 of 2015 and Decree temporary labor influx, and No. 618 and 1963 of 2017 (iii) risk of gender-based • Public cleanliness law 38/1967 violence. amended by law 31/1976 and Objectives related to avoiding its executive regulations impacts do not fall • Law no. 159 for the year 1953 disproportionately on the regulates the cleanliness of disadvantaged or vulnerable, fields, roads and streets as and they are not well as organization of disadvantaged in sharing collection and transport of development benefits and waste. opportunities resulting from • Laws 106/1976 and 101/1996 the project. allow local governments to The lack of a specific role for include the management of the official in charge of social construction and demolition aspects waste in the permits required for construction activities • Law 202/2020 regarding solid waste management. • Law 140/ 1956 regarding occupation of public roads • Law 84/ 1968 regarding public roads • Law 93/1962 on Wastewater disposal into the drainage systems • Law 48/1982 on protection of Nile River Water and Egypt waterways from pollution • Articles 43 - 45 of Law No. 4/1994 and articles 44 - 47 of ESS 2: Labor and its modified Executive Working Conditions Regulations by Decrees No. 1095/2011 and 710/2012 • Labor Law No. 12/2003 ESS 3: Resource • Law No. 4 of 1994 Amended Efficiency and by Law No. 9 of 2009 Pollution Prevention (Environment Law) and its and Management amended Articles of Association amended by Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 72 Resolution 1095 of 2011, Decree No. 710 of 2012, Decision of the Prime Minister No. 964 of 2015 and Decree No. 618 and 1963 of 2017 • Public cleanliness law 38/1967 amended by law 31/1976 and its executive regulations • Law no. 159 for the year 1953 regulates the cleanliness of fields, roads and streets as well as organization of collection and transport of waste. • Law 10/2005 establishing a solid waste collection fee system on the electricity bill • Laws 106/1976 and 101/1996 allow local governments to include the management of construction and demolition waste in the permits required for construction activities • Law 140/ 1956 regarding occupation of public roads • Law 84/ 1968 regarding public roads • Law 93/1962 on Wastewater disposal into the drainage systems • Law 48/1982 on protection of Nile River Water and Egypt waterways from pollution • Law 202/2020 for waste management. Law no. 94/2003, Protection of ESS4: Community communities Human Rights Health and Safety Laws  The cut-off date: The WB ESS 5: Land • Egyptian Constitution has identifies a cut-off date in Acquisition, preserved the right of private order to prevent people influx Restrictions on Land property, Egyptian Constitution to the project area. The Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 73 Use and Involuntary (1971, amended in year 1980) Egyptian laws does not set a Resettlement and Egyptian Constitution cut-off date, particularly if the (2014, articles 33 and 35) impacts are related to • Egyptian Civil code 131/1948, agricultural lands that might Articles 802-805 for private experience changes in crops ownership right and tenancy. • Law No. 10 of year 1990 and its  Monitoring and Evaluation: amendments by law No. 24 for Monitoring or evaluation the year of 2018, and law No. 1 measures are not stipulated for the year 2015 for property in Egyptian regulation. expropriation for public benefit  Valuation of compensation: Egyptian regulations use prevailing price in the affected areas to calculate and compensate project affected people for their expropriated property. The prevailing price is assessed by a specialized committee created by the government. For crops, they are valuated according to the price lists developed by the agriculture directorate. The amendment of the year 2018 entailed increase for the value of the compensation to include additional 20% above the prevailing market price for the interest of the affected persons (landowners), and Law 187/2020 which most importantly include committing the project proponent to deposit the value of the compensation in no more than 3 months from the public interest decree issuance date. Previous Egyptian experiences show that the full replacement (providing Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 74 assistance is not covered) principle as stated by ESS5 has not been realized by the affected group.  Income restoration (livelihoods): Egyptian law does not discuss compensation for loss of income, only land and assets. • There are no regulations on committing the project owner to conducting stakeholder engagement activities as well as disclosing information regarding the environmental and social risks and impacts of ESS 10: Stakeholder • EEAA EIA guidelines related to the project to project-affected Engagement and the Public Consultation prior to parties as well as to Information Disclosure the project construction and community members, implementation throughout the project life cycle • There are no regulations on committing the project owner in establishing a grievance mechanism Gap Analysis for Key Egyptian and WB Environmental Quality Limits This section outlines the key environmental requirements of both the Egyptian Legislations and the World Bank policies and the gaps between both. Air Quality Table 3-5 shows Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB/IFC standards. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 75 Table 3-5 Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB/IFC standards Requirements of Egyptian Legislation Requirements of WB/IFC Outdoor Air Pollutants (in urban and industrial areas) as per Article 34 of law Ambient Air Quality as per OP 4.01 IFC 4/1994 amended by law 9/2009 and General EHS Guidelines (Table 1.1.1 6 7) Annex 5 of the Executive Regulations amended by Decree 710/2012. Exposure 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year Period 30 10 Carbon (urban (urban monoxide N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A and and CO (µg/m3) indus.) indus.) 300 125 125 (IT-1) Sulphur (urban) (urban) 50 (urban) 50 (IT-2) dioxide SO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 3 (µg/m ) 350 150 60 (indus.) 20 (indus.) (indus.) (guideline) 300 150 Nitrogen (urban) (urban) 60 (urban) 200 40 Oxides NOx N/A (guideli N/A N/A 3 300 150 80 (indus.) (guideline) (µg/m ) ne) (indus.) (indus.) 150 (IT-1) 70 (IT-1) 150 Particulates 100 (IT-2) 50 (IT-2) (urban) 70 (urban) PM10 N/A N/A N/A N/A 75 (IT-3) 30 (IT-3) (µg/m3) 150 70 (indus.) (indus.) 50 20 (guideline) (guideline) 80 75 (IT-1) 35 (IT-1) Particulates (urban) 50 (urban) PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 (IT-2) 25 (IT-2) 3 (µg/m ) 80 50 (indus.) (indus.) 37.5 (IT-3) 15 (IT-3) 6 World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005. 7 IT stands for Interim Target, which are the increment values that should be targeted by an organization during the implementation of a project leading to the recommended guideline values. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 76 Requirements of Egyptian Legislation Requirements of WB/IFC 25 10 (guideline) (guideline) Total 230 suspended (urban) 125 (urban) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A particles 230 125 (indus.) TSP (µg/m3) (indus.) 180 120 160 (IT-1) Ozone O3 (urban) (urban) N/A N/A N/A 100 N/A N/A (µg/m3) 180 120 (guideline) (indus.) (indus.) In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the WBG the requirements of the WBG will be applied. However, the Egyptian limits will be applied for the following cases:  Carbon monoxide limits  Sulfur dioxide limits for 1 hour, and 1 year  Nitrogen oxide limits for 24 hours  Total suspended particulates limits  Ozone limits for 1 hour Water Quality Table 3-6 shows Egyptian legislations and WBG standards concerning Water Quality. Table 3-6 Egyptian legislations and WB/IFC standards concerning Water Quality Requirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of WBG Reference Requirements Reference Requirements States the standards Projects with the Executive Regulations and specifications of potential to generate issued by decree fresh waterways process wastewater, ESS1 sanitary (domestic) 92/2013 of Law quality to which 48/1982 (Article 49) industrial water can be sewage, or storm water discharged should incorporate the necessary precautions Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 77 Requirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of WBG to avoid, minimize, and control adverse impacts to human health, safety, or the environment. Controlling the discharge of Discharges of industrial wastewater into the wastewater, sanitary sewage system and wastewater into public public network, and or private wastewater includes the Limits for treatment systems discharging treated Ministerial Decree No. should meet the wastewater effluent 44/2000 of law ESS1 pretreatment and 93/1962 The decree also states monitoring the entity should requirements of the acquire the wastewater sewer treatment discharge licenses from system into which it the concerned discharges. authorities during the construction and operation phase Table 3-7 Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system Effluent threshold (ER 44/2000 Parameter/Pollutant of law 93/1962 pH 6-9.5 BOD (mg/l) 600 COD (mg/l) 1100 Total nitrogen (mg/l) 100 Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 25 Oil and grease (mg/l) 100 Total suspended solids (mg/l) 800 Total Coliform Bacteria (Most N/A Probable Number/100 ml) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 78 In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the WB/IFC, the requirements of the WB/IFC will be applied. Noise Table 3-8 Egyptian legislations and WB/IFC standards concerning Ambient Noise Requirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of WBG Reference Requirements Reference Requirements Law 4/1994 amended by law 9/2009 and its Maximum allowable Limit of noise beyond ERs amended by limit for ambient noise ESS1 the property boundary decree 1095/2011 and intensity of the facilities. 710/2012 Law 4/1994 amended WBG General by law 9/2009 and its Guidelines: Limit of noise exposure Maximum noise limits Occupational Health ERs amended by inside the work in work environment and Safety decree 1095/2011 and environment 710/2012 Table 2.3.1 Table 3-9 Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB/IFC requirements Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WBG Permissible noise Levels Maximum permissible equivalent noise level One hour LAeq (dBA) [dB(Aeq)] Area type Day Night Receptor Daytime Night 7 AM – 10 10 PM – 7 7:00 – 22:00 – PM AM 22:00 7:00 Sensitive areas to noise 50 40 Residential 55 45 exposure Residential suburbs with low 55 45 Industrial 70 70 traffic flow Commercial and administrative areas in city 60 50 center Residential areas with some 65 55 workshops, administrative Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 79 Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WBG Permissible noise Levels activities, or recreational and entertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 12 70 60 meters, or industrial areas with light industries Industrial Zone with heavy 70 70 industries Table 3-10 Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB/IFC requirements Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WBG Permissible noise levels Maximum permissible Equivalent Type of place and Exposure Maximum equivalent Location/ activity Level, LAeq, 8 activity duration LAmax, fast noise level hrs [dB(A)] a) Workplaces (workshops and Heavy Industry industries) with up (no demand for 90 8 85 dB(A) 110 dB(A) to 8-hour shifts oral (licensed before communication) 2014) b) Workplaces (workshops and Light industry industries) with up (decreasing 85 8 50-65 dB(A) 110 db(A) to 8-hour shifts demand for oral (licensed since communication) 2014) In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the World Bank, the more stringent requirements will be adopted. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 80 Institutional Framework Institutional and Organizational Arrangement of ENR ENR serves as the implementing agency of the project under the oversight of a Steering Committee, which mainly combines Ministries of Transport, Finance, Investment and International Cooperation. Under ENRRP, ENR has a dedicated Project Management Unit (PMU) to coordinate and implement project activities and to liaise with the Bank. The PMU is headed by a director, who reports directly to ENR’s Chairman and General Manager. The below institutional structure of the ENRRP project shows that the PMU’s setup basically supports finance, procurement, environment, social and reporting. Under the ENR, the Environmental Affairs Directorate (EAD) has already been set up and it was locally approved by the ENR, in 2011. It is already practicing its tasks but still needs the final approval from the organization and management affairs. Currently, there are about six environmental specialists and 2 social specialists in EAD. The General Director of the Environment Affairs Department, along with his environmental and social specialists, will be notably responsible for: • Implementing and monitoring the ESMP; • Coordinating and leading awareness campaigns and capacity building needs; • Coordinating with main contractor with regard to ESMP requirements; • Responding to the results of internal and external (WBG, other lenders and regulatory) monitoring visits/ inspections; • Supervising the reception, registration and correct processing of any complaints/grievances received from the different stakeholders; • Prepare and deliver reports on the ESMP and EHS performance as required to Lending and/or regulatory institutions Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 81 Chairman of Egyptaian National Railways Vice Chairman for the shared Vice chairman for the projects services sector Director of the project management General Director of Enviroment unit 1 1 Finantial 1 Reporting 6 2 Social 1 Procurement Environmental Manager Expert Specialt Environmental Expert Specialists Expert Figure 3-1: Organizational setup for ENRRP Project The key tasks of environmental specialists in the EAD include, but not limited to the following: • Conduct environmental inspection activities for railways replacement, development and maintenance activities (including replacement and renewal of signaling systems, and various construction and maintenance activities of service workshops). • Conduct environmental measurements to verify compliance of various activities with the national standards and guidelines and applicable environmental management plans and health and safety measures. • Take necessary administrative actions for reporting and correcting non-compliance or violations according to the provisions of the law of environment and ENR operating regulations • Conduct awareness campaigns including on safety and occupational health at all levels i.e ENR employees and public. The role of the social specialist is critical in reaching out to the locations, conducting consultations, monitoring the implementation of all the social measure associated with the ESMP, ensuring the grievance system is operational, examining the need for preparing RPs and participating in the process of the RP preparation and monitoring. The social specialist will monitor the complaints received from PAPs and ensure that prompt response is offered to deal Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 82 with their concerns. The Bank has offered number of capacity building support needed for the environmental and social specialists of the Environmental Affairs Department to enable them to fulfill the main responsibilities that are summarized in the box below and will continue to strengthen the capacity of EAD’s team as needed. The main tasks of the social specialist include: • Conduct consultations and information sharing sessions with the communities and other stakeholders adjacent to the project sites, • Monitor the implementation of all the social measure associated with the ESMP • Help in designing and operationalizing the grievance redress system related to the project • Ensure that key project information and safeguards requirements are disclosed transparently on the local level • Consult with PAPs to discuss and agree on the alternatives and the type of compensation that is convenient for both PAPs and ENR • Participate in the process of disbursing compensations and keep track record of the compensation process documentation • Handle grievance and respond to complaints of PAPs • Lead the preparation process of the RP • Monitor implementation of the resettlement activities • Propose and take appropriate corrective actions as needed during the course of implementing the resettlement plans Other support entities Ministry of Agriculture The Agriculture Directorate: In case, that the projects land needed located outside the ENR property, or an estimation of compensation for crops and trees, as well as in the case of farmers' grievance to clarify the bounders of their properties from the ENR property. The Agriculture Associations, is responsible for the following • Provide a proof of property documentation for lands and crops • Nominates a member to accompany Compensation Committee during the inventory, • Estimates the value of crops and trees according to their actual conditions • Participate with the Compensation Committee during the payment of compensation • Attend individual consultations related to the resettlement • Publish PAPs lists in the agriculture association Governorate Authority and Local Governmental Units Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 83 are responsible for • Participate with the Compensation Committee during the payment of compensation • Providing the construction permits for new technical buildings • Coordination between the project and the Traffic and Roads Department to facilitate construction and tunnels along the road and slides In support of these guiding principles, and to achieve the integration of the institutional organizations in environmental and social management activities the following are suggested: • Giving proper attention to environmental awareness activities in collaboration with the EEAA, which can provide awareness material and technical assistance, the ENR and the EAD should prepare and print awareness material for use dissemination to the ENR staff and the public using the railway service. EAD can seek and obtain technical assistance in implementing environmental awareness activities from the EEAA or expert help from private consultants. • EAD should assign a representative at each geographical division of the ENR or in every major project the ENR is implementing. The representative should liaison between the EAD and these entities and should be responsible for monitoring environmental issues on day to day basis, reporting his/her findings to the EAD. • An Environmental Affairs Committee should be created within the ENR. This committee should have representations from the EAD, as well as the directories of project management, planning, contracting, and legal affairs. The committee should review, adopt and authorize the application of rules, regulations, and procedures developed by the EAD. The above guiding principles represent key components that should be considered when developing the institutional basis for environmental management responsibilities in the ENR. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 84 4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE This chapter will confirm availability of baseline data at an appropriate level of detail to inform characterization of risks and impacts and mitigation measures. This chapter will assess the quality and representativeness of available environmental and socio-economic baseline data, and make recommendations for further data collection where appropriate. Data and information are provided on the existing state of environment, economic and social conditions of the study/investigation area at the national, regional (covering the north-eastern region), and local (focused on the specific conditions in the immediate vicinity of the railway alignment), as appropriate. This chapter will also identify nearest environmentally and socially sensitive receptors. This study assesses the environmental and social impacts of the current project. In addition, it helps to put in place appropriate mitigation measures for potential negative impacts and highlights the potential positive impacts of the project. This requires that baseline conditions be examined prior to such an assessment. As part of the proposed project, seven environmental and social baseline elements will be considered: 1. Site location 2. Climate 3. Biodiversity 4. Current status of the stations & signaling towers. 5. Noise 6. Air Quality 7. Soil & groundwater Contamination 8. Socio-economic activities the governorates that the project passes through Project Site Location Segment (1): 165 Km Alexandria – Arab El Raml This railway line extends from Arab El Raml to the train station of Alexandria. The line extends for a total of 165 km across central and western regions of the Nile Delta (figure below). It links the provisional towns of Benha, Tanta, Kafr El Zaiet, Damanhur, Kafr El Dawaar, and others. Throughout most of its route, the line runs parallel to the Cairo – Alexandria highway and passes by numerous villages and other small, rural settlements. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 85 Figure 4-1 Alexandria – Arab El Raml 165 Km Railway Line The following table lists the stations along the segment Table 4-1 Stations List across Segment 1 Segment (1) : Alexandria - Arab Elraml Station Governorate 1 Alexandria Alexandria 2 Sidi Gaber Alexandria 3 Kafr Eldawar Beheira 4 Abo Hommos Beheira 5 Damanhour Beheira 6 Itay Elbaroud Beheira 7 Kafr Elzayat Gharbia 8 Tanta Gharbia 9 Berket El saba Menoufia 10 Quesna Menoufia Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 86 Segment (2): 45 Km Cairo - Benha This segment extends for 45 km from Banha to Cairo (Ramsis Railway Station). It links the provisional towns of Benha, Tukh, Qaha, Qalama, Qalyub, and finally Shubra El Khema and Cairo (Figure 4-2). Figure 4-2 Banha – Cairo 45 km Railway Line The following table lists the stations along the segment Table 4-2 Stations List across Segment 2 Segment 2 : Cairo - Benha Station Governorate 1 Benha Qalyubia 2 Sandanhour Qalyubia 3 Toukh Qalyubia 4 Qaha Qalyubia 5 Qaliub Qalyubia 6 Shoubra Qalyubia 7 ElTawdeeb Qalyubia 8 Cairo North Cairo Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 87 9 Farz Wabarat Cairo Segment (3): 120 Km Cairo - Giza – Beni Suef This segment extends for 120 km from Cairo to Bani Suef passing through Giza Governorate, parallel to Cairo -Aswan agriculture road. This railway line starts at urban cities and as it extends to the south it passes through agriculture areas (Figure 4-3). Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Cairo - Giza – Beni Suef 120 km Railway Line The following table lists the stations along the segment Table 4-3 Stations List across Segment 3 Segment (3) : Cairo Beni Suef Station Governorate 1 Cairo South (Ramsis) Cairo 2 Embaba Cairo 3 Old Basteel Giza 4 Boulak Eldakrour Giza 5 Giza Giza 6 Abu Elnomros Giza 7 Tamow Giza 8 El Hawamdia Giza Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 88 9 El Maraziq Giza 10 El Mazghouna Giza 11 El Balida Giza 12 El Ayyat Giza 13 Kafr Ammar Giza 14 El Reqa Giza 15 El Wasta Beni Suef 16 Bani hadid Beni Suef 17 Nasser Beni Suef Segment (4): 250 Km Beni Suef – Asyut The Beni Suef to Assuit section is part of the Cairo - High Dam Line extends for a total of 250 km linking the three Middle Egypt governorates of Beni Suef, Minya and Assuit. (Figure 4-4). Throughout most of its route, the line runs parallel to the Cairo – Upper Egypt Rural Highway (Agricultural Highway) and across the Ibrahimiya Canal. It passes by numerous villages and other small, rural settlements. Figure 4-4 Beni Suef – Assuit 250 Railway km Line The following table lists the stations along the segment Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 89 Table 4-4 Stations List across Segment 4 Segment (4): Beni Suef - Assiut Station Governorate 1 Beni Suef Beni Suef 2 Beba Beni Suef 3 Elfashn Beni Suef 4 Maghagha Minya 5 Beni Mazar Minya 6 Matai Minya 7 Samalout Minya 8 Minya Minya 9 Abu Qurqas Minya 10 El Roda Minya 11 Mallawi Minya 12 Dairut Assiut 13 El Qussia Assiut 14 Manfalout Assiut 15 Manqabad Assiut 16 Assiut Assiut Segment (5): 180 Km Asyut – Nag Hammadi This segment extends for 180 km from Asyut to Nag Hammadi passing through Sohag Governorate, parallel to Cairo -Aswan agriculture road. This railway line starts at urban cities and as it extends to the south it passes through agriculture areas (Figure 4-5). Figure 4-2 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 90 Figure 4-5 Asyut – Nag Hammadi 180 km Railway Line The following table lists the stations along the segment Table 4-5 Stations List across Segment 5 Segment (5): Assiut - Nag Hammadi Station Governorate 1 El Mutia Assiut 2 Abu Tig Assiut 3 Sodfa Assiut 4 Tema Sohag 5 Tahta Sohag 6 El Maragha Sohag 7 Gezerit Shandaweel Sohag 8 Sohag Sohag 9 Balsafoura Sohag 10 El Monsha Sohag 11 El Usayrat Sohag 12 Girga Sohag Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 91 13 Bardis Sohag 14 El Balyana Sohag 15 Abo Shoucha Qena 16 Abo Tesht Qena 17 Farshout Qena Climate Temperature & Rainfall Climate of Egypt is mostly hyper-arid, with the exception of coastal areas, which enjoy a slightly milder, arid climate due to the maritime effect of the Mediterranean Sea. Precipitation rate is generally low throughout the country and is mostly in the form of winter rain. Average rainfall is highest in the Mediterranean coastal belt, ranging from a maximum of 304 mm/year in Rafah, to a minimum of 73 mm in Port Said. South of the narrow coastal belt, rainfall drops to less than 10 mm annually throughout most of the country. One of the major features of rainfall of these regions is its great temporal and spatial variability. Percentage variability is greatest in the hyper-arid provinces. Figure 4-6 shows Meteoblue's temperature & precipitation charts throughout 2019. Figure 4-6 Temperature & Rainfall throughout the year 2019 in Egypt (Source: Meteoblue) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 92 Wind Wind circulation over Egypt is controlled by three permanent high-pressure belts: the Azores, the Indian subtropical and the South Atlantic subtropical. Besides these, a permanent low-pressure belt, the Doldrums, crosses the African continent in the vicinity of the equator. Seasonal high and low -pressure systems also alternate over the continental mass, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean and the Arabian Peninsula. Occasionally, very hot dust-laden wind blows in the spring (Khamasin). This wind may have numerous environmental consequences including possible effects on climate, soil formation, ground-water quality and crop growth. Visibility during these storms is reduced substantially (below 1000 m). Based on the meteorological data collected by Meteoblue for an average of 30 years (since 1985) using an hourly simulation model, a wind rose chart for Egypt was modelled (shown in Figure 4-7). The wind rose shows the number of hours per year in which the wind blows from the specified direction. The north east direction prevails. Figure 4-7 Wind rose for Egypt (Source: Meteoblue) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 93 Figure 4-8 Wind speed distributed on days of the months in Egypt (Source: Meteoblue) Biodiversity As per the ESIA study for ENRRP - modernization of the signaling system on the Beni Suef – Assuit Line (Cairo to Aswan Route) and Assuit – Nag’ Hammadi in 2017, the pristine natural habitats do not exist in most of the areas of the Nile Valley, including those covered in this project. Nevertheless, cultivated areas and even urban areas of the valley support considerable wildlife. Several species of mammals, birds and reptiles have successfully adapted to living in close proximity of man and his activities in these densely populated areas. Wild flora occurs as weeds in cultivated fields and grows spontaneously in a great variety on banks of irrigation and drainage canals and at the edges of the railway embankment. The railway track corridor of Egypt has been in place for more than a century and is already part of the man-made landscape of the Nile Valley. Although some wild animals and plants seem to utilize man-made microhabitats around the track corridor, none seems to be obligate user that requires these microhabitats for its survival. Available data show that none of the species that are likely to occur around the railway corridor is threatened. Breeding colonies of the once declining, but now very common Cattle Egret (Egretta ibis) are found at several localities along the Ibrahimiya Canal, not far from the railway corridor. Many other bird species feed in habitats associated with that canal and the adjacent cultivated fields. Among the more visible bird species are the Spur-winged Plover, the Pied Kingfisher, the Common Kestrel, the Black-shouldered Kite and Palm Dove. Mammals include several rodents, the Egyptian Red Fox, the Egyptian Mongoose, and the Egyptian Wolf. Reptiles include the Bean Skink, the African Beauty Snake, the Egyptian Cobra and others. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 94 Based on these findings, RISE project activities will not have adverse impact on biodiversity, and any minor impacts resulting from dust or noise will be temporary and mitigated by the project completion. Current Status of The Stations & Signaling Towers This section depends on actual site visits that was conducted to assess the current status of some of the existing signaling towers, railway stations; in addition to some sections of the tracks where the upgrading works are to be conducted. Status of Signaling Tower Buildings and Stations Depending on the site visits conducted to various locations along the railway line from Alexandria to Assiut it was found that most of the signaling tower buildings are relatively old, windows are broken, sanaitar leakage on walls with deteriorated interiors. Some of the signaling towers and station buildings are recently painted from the outside only. The following figures show the current status of some signaling towers & station buildings on the new segment (3) Cairo- Giza- Beni Suef. With respect to stations, common features identified during site visits include: ▪ Non-functioning service or inaccessible facilities such as toilets and faucets ▪ Presence of shelter areas, however, insufficient to allow for gender segregation, a cultural need in particular in crowded areas, and for specialized areas for people of reduced mobility ▪ Inconsistent availability of rooms specialized for women (resting areas, nursing/changing) ▪ Inaccessibility to wheel chairs, absence of ramps ▪ Small ticketing line area adjacent to platform and train tracks preventing allocation of space for gender segregated lines and for people with disability ▪ Platform conditions varied from good and paved to poor and unpaved constituted of dirt ▪ Inconsistent availability of overpasses/pedestrian bridges; where available, bridges are not accessible to people of reduced mobility (handicapped, pregnant, seniors) ▪ Inconsistent line demarcation of platform (line beyond which no traveler should go until train is parked) ▪ Trains for women are not clearly distinguishable ▪ Insufficient trash bins for public waste ▪ Accumulations of construction waste such as trenched dirt along platforms (not backfilled) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 95 Figure 4-9 Embaba Railway Station Entrance & Signaling Tower Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 96 Figure 4-10: El Hawamdia Railway Station & Signaling Tower Figure 4-11: Bashtil Railway Station Entrance & Signaling Tower Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 97 Figure 4-12: El Reqa Railway Station & Signaling Tower Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 98 Figure 4-13: El Wasta Signaling Tower Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 99 Community Health & Safety Pedestrian Safety in track corridors The tracks are easily accessible by pedestrians, as the tracks corridor is opened at some points to the parallel roads; which allows people to cross the railway tracks in order to pass to the other side. Most of the stations that were visited do not include a pedestrian bridge or tunnel, and that in turns puts the people at risk of being run-over by trains while crossing the track. The following Figure 4-14 shows the open corridors and pedestrians crossing the tracks. Figure 4-14 Open Track Corridors and Pedestrians Crossing the Tracks Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 100 Local markets Local markets abound in rural areas and some traditional urban areas, so it becomes a feature of these areas and one of the residents' economic activities. It is also one of the elements of attraction and crowded population. Many railway lines pass through the traditional rural and urban areas, as these markets occupy the railway RoW as a place for sale, storage or dumping of market waste; this makes it a source of risk on the train track and the risk of accidents and encroachment on ENR property. These markets have become one of the challenges facing the ENR, whether in terms of maintaining safety and risks of accidents or in terms of getting rid of the continuous encroachment on its properties. Figure 4-15 Photos of local markets that occupy the railway track Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 101 Fire Hazard Some of the intermediate stations has one power generator to be used in case of powers cut- offs and emergencies. Those generators are operating with diesel oil that is stored in large steel tanks above the ground. The generator is placed in a separate closed room at the ground floor of the signaling tower building while diesel storing tanks is located outside the signaling tower building in a separate room as a secondary containment. No firefighting equipment were spotted at the diesel tank area, the nearest firefighting hoses box was hard to reach and was locked. The following Figure 4-16, Figure 4-17 and Figure 4-18 show the power generator room, the diesel storage tank room and the firefighting box. Figure 4-16 Power Generator Room Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 102 Figure 4-17 Diesel Storage Tank Room Figure 4-18 Firefighting Box Waste Management and General Housekeeping As observed during site visits and as per ENR representative a separate private company is responsible for the cleaning of platforms, the station building and the tracks in between platforms only. While along the railway corridors, waste is particularly common and a lot of Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 103 dumping sites exist along and in very close proximity to the railway corridors. For hazardous waste, the Nasreya is the only licensed Hazardous (non-medical) waste disposal facility in Egypt and is located in Alexandria Governorate in the North. Figure 4-19 Waste accumulation along the railway corridor Noise As per the ESIA study for ENRRP - modernization of the signaling system on the Beni Suef – Assuit Line (Cairo to Aswan Route) and Assuit – Nag’ Hammadi in 2017 the Maximum permissible limits of sound intensity are given in the Executive Regulations of Law number 4 of 1994 and are discussed in Chapter 3 of this report. According to these regulations, noise intensity during an eight-hour work shift should not exceed 90 decibels. Intermittent noise levels louder than that level is permissible for specified periods of time. Article 42 of the Law 4 of 1994 requires that all organizations and individuals to maintain emanating sounds from different operating machinery or other sources below the permissible limits. Licensing authorities are to ensure that in a given area, the overall emanated sounds from fixed sources are within the allowable limits. In addition, licensing authorities are to ensure that machinery and equipment selected by establishments fulfil the law’s requirements. With the greatly varied physical setting, background noise level along the railway corridor from Alexandria to Nag Hammadi is expected to vary considerably. Noise levels are also expected to vary at different times of day as a result of variation of levels and types of human activities. Due to the lack of comprehensive data on baseline conditions regarding noise levels in the project area, permissible noise standards given in the Egyptian legislations will be used as basis for comparing present and potential, project-induced changes in noise levels. Although this limits the level of certainty regarding predicted impacts of the project on noise level, it provides a reasonable, albeit qualitative assessment of potential noise impact of the project and its activities during the construction phase. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 104 For the operation phase, a study on railway noise in the city of Assuit 48, noise measurements showed that the noise generated by passing trains exceed the acceptable levels set by Egyptian noise standards of Law number 4 of 1994 and its executive regulations. The study showed, however, that railway is the second significant source of noise in that city, with road traffic being the most significant source of noise. Sound levels as high as 80 dB and higher were recorded in residential areas during train passage. According to that study, 51.3% of dwellers of Assuit heard railway noise. Sixty seven percent of those who heard railway noise felt highly annoyed. Noise level measurements are not conducted at all sites regularly. However, one of the contractors (Alstom) who is working on the upgrading works on Beni Suef – Assuit line conducted the workplace measurements for noise, light intensity and heat stress. The following Figure 4-20 shows a copy of the conducted measurements. Environmental Measurements for Beni Suef Assiut Line Date Site Light Intensity Level - Limit Ambient Noise Level - Limit Heat Stress Level - Limit Figure 4-20 Sample of Workplace measurements 8 A. Ali. 2005. Railway noise levels, annoyance and countermeasures in Assiut, Egypt. Applied Acoustics 4 S. 66, 105-113. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 105 Air Quality The Executive Regulations of Law 4 of 1994 defines the national air quality standards for outdoor air in terms of maximum permissible limits of air pollutants and exposure period. As per the ESIA study for ENRRP - modernization of the signaling system on the Beni Suef – Assuit Line (Cairo to Aswan Route) and Assuit – Nag’ Hammadi in 2017 Air pollution levels are expected to vary considerably from one place to another along the railway corridor which runs through the highly diverse settings from the north (Alexandria) to Upper Egypt (Nag Hammadi). No comprehensive statistics is available on the background levels of the air pollutants along the railway lines covered in this project or its adjacent population centers However, the air quality during project implementation phase will be affected by the dust that will result from excavation during trenching activities and combustion gases from the trucks that are used for equipment and material transportation, while during operation phase; the air quality is not expected to vary from the currently existing situations as no tracks doubling are to be implemented so the pollution load is expected to be the same. From the review of previous studies, it was found that no baseline measurements for air quality were conducted. From the audit conducted on random sites on the working contractors on the 4 segments, no periodical measurements for air quality were done; the absence of baseline data and monitoring measurements is identified as a gap in the current adopted ESMP. Soil and Ground Water pollution As per the ESIA study for ENRRP - modernization of the signaling system on the Beni Suef – Assuit Line (Cairo to Aswan Route) and Assuit – Nag’ Hammadi in 2017, Both Law 4/1994 and Laws 48 of 1982 provide specific stipulations regarding soil and groundwater contamination with the objective of preventing pollution of superficial and deep ground water resource as well as soil. No data is available on the extent of soil and ground water contamination in the project area. However, there is no evidence on soil & ground water contamination with pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals. Samples should be collected and analyzed to have more realistic evaluation on the level of the contamination. It is also worth mentioning the lack of domestic wastewater treatment and disposal throughout most of the area makes it likely that considerable soil and water pollution occurs. During the site visits soil contamination with oil & grease was usually observed as in the following Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 106 Figure 4-21 Soil Contamination with Oil & Grease From the review of previous studies, it was found that no baseline measurements for soil and underground water quality were conducted. From the audit conducted on random sites on the Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 107 working contractors on the 4 segments, no periodical measurements for soil and underground water quality were done; the absence of baseline data and monitoring measurements is identified as a gap in the current adopted ESMP. Socio-Economic Baseline Socio-Economic Profile This section includes a description of the baseline socio-cultural characteristics of the social environment at the proposed project areas. It will highlight the following: basic information about the project areas, administrative areas, demographic characteristics, human development profile, access to basic services, health profile, economic characteristics, transportation, services, and NGOs. The socioeconomic features that are dominant in the project area vary significantly along the railway track. The surrounding communities vary from big urban cities of Cairo and Alexandria to poor informal areas and remote villages. The railway track passes through rural areas where the main economic activity is agriculture. A great variety of crops are cultivated in that part of the valley but the most common are wheat, corn, cotton, and vegetables, as well as groves of citrus and other fruit trees. The line also cuts through urban areas with more diverse economic activities. The railway corridor forms a physical separator between two social-economically distinct sections. Railways were planned to run outside cities. However, informal encroachments of poorer sectors of the urban society took place gradually on the side of the track opposite from the formal part. That’s how informal neighborhoods appeared close to the formal city yet separated from it by the railway track. In most big towns, the area around the main train station is a local hub for economic activities. Businesses are formed to serve the passengers of the train whether in transportation, restaurants and coffee shops. Accordingly, some of these businesses directly depend on the operation of the railway service. The railway track is usually surrounded by built walls that allow traffic at relatively limited intervals. With highly dense population, these limited intervals weren’t sufficient and caused traffic bottlenecks. Therefore, informal crossings were created by breaking the protective walls. Informal crossings cause major hazards to the people and the passing trains. Table 4-6 shows the population for each governorate along the corridor. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 108 Table 4-6 Population of governorates of this segment9 Governorate Population Urban% Rural% Alexandria 5,379,488 98.7% 1.3% Behira (Damanhour) 6,549,874 18.2% 81.8% Gharbia 5,237,753 28.1% 71.9% Menoufia 4,531,197 20.7% 79.3% Qalyoubia (Benha) 5,893, 947 42.7% 57.3% Cairo 9,941,814 100% - Giza 9,098,204 61% 39% Beni Suef 3,377,325 22.7% 77.3% Elminya 5,909,879 18% 82% Asyout 4,722,310 25.9% 74.1% Sohag 5,455,055 21.2% 78.8% Qena (Nag Hamady) 3,470,214 18.8% 81.2% Total 63,673,113 - - Demographic characteristics The natural, urban and social characteristics vary greatly in the Governorates, which the railways pass through. While the urban environment dominates the urban centers in the governorates of Cairo, Alexandria, Giza and Qalyoubia, especially in the areas adjacent to the Nile Valley and the Delta. The governorates is also distinguished for including some distinguished service uses at the national level, such as universities, institutes and many educational and health services. Cairo Governorate is located on the eastern bank of the River Nile stretching over 41,542 Km, Cairo is the capital of Egypt. It is bordered to the north by Qalyoubia, and Sharqiyah Governorates, to the south and west by Giza Governorate and to the east by Suez Governorate. The governorate's total area is 3,085 km2, forming 0.3% of the country's total area. The 9 CAPMAS https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/populationClock.aspx retreived 8 November 2020 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 109 governorate hosts several industrial zones which makes it a destination for capital polarization and investment to develop the national industry and enhance its competitiveness on the local and international levels. Some of these industrial zones are El-Basateen, El-Waily, Heliopolis, as well as duty free zone in Nasr city. Cairo governorate offers multiple potential investment opportunities including establishment of hotels tourist facilities malls and exhibitions. In addition, investments in real estate and industrial fields as well as construction of multi storey parking garages experienced a surge. Special attention is also given to small handicraft projects that contribute to the creation of job opportunities for youth. Alexandria Governorate is located north of Egypt, directly on the Mediterranean Sea. At 2,300 km2, Alexandria is Egypt’s second largest governorate, increasing at 2.05% from the year 2006 until the year 2019. (CAPMAS, 2019). It is the key seaport of Egypt. Alexandria gained its importance from its civilization reservoir across history. It is a metropolitan city where different cultures in the Mediterranean basin coexist. It has a unique geographical location and mild climate as well as different trade, industry and agriculture activities. Alexandria is also an industrial governorate where 40% of Egyptian industries are concentrated, especially chemicals, food, spinning and weaving as well as oil industries and fertilizers. Borg Al-Arab city was established to be an industrial, housing and agricultural city to absorb the current and future population increase. Gharbia Governorate is located in the middle of Delta region, between Damietta and Rashid branches. It is bordered in the North by Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, in the South by Monufia Governorate, in the East by Dakahlia Governorate, and in the West by Beheira Governorate. The Governorate's total area comes to 1942.30 km2, forming 0.2% of the country's total area. It is divided into 8 cities (Markez), 4 districts, and 70 rural local units with 251 affiliated villages (source: Gharbia Governorate, Egypt Description by Information, 2017.) Menofya Governorate is a part of the Delta region encompassing Gharbyah, Menofya, Dakahlya, Damietta and Kafr El Sheikh. Menofya lies in the south of Delta region between Rosetta and Damietta branches. It is bordered by Gharbyah to the north, by Giza to the south west, by Qalyubiya to the south east, and by Behera Governorate to the West. The governorate's shape is triangular with the head facing south, and the base towards north (source: Menofya Governorate, Egypt Description by Information, 2017). Menofya total area comes to 2499 km2, forming 0.2% of the country's total area. It is divided into 9 precincts (Marakez), 10 cities, 2 districts, and 70 rural local units with 245 affiliated villages. The governorate's natural growth rate of 25.40 per thousand. Qalyoubia Governorate is located east of the Nile at the beginning of the delta. Qalyoubia is the link between the governorates of Lower Egypt and the governorates of Upper Egypt, as the city of Shubra El-Kheima is the beginning of the agricultural highway to the governorates of Lower Egypt. The governorate's total area is 1,124 km2, forming 0.1% of the country's total area. The uses of lands in Qalyoubia Governorate vary between agricultural uses and places of population Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 110 concentration, as well as industrial areas in addition to unexploited areas in the Governorate. Qalyoubia land uses suffers from an imbalance in the current pattern of distribution of land uses in terms of mixing in uses, lack of specialization and appropriate spatial determination for each use, as well as in the deterioration of the urban environment and infrastructure in general in the city. In addition, to continuous encroachment on agricultural lands continue in the governorate. Giza governorate is located on the west side of the Nile River. It is bordered by Qalyoubia, Menoufiya and Behera Governorates in the north, Fayoum and Giza in the south, in addition to 2 localities el Saff and Atfeeh which are located on the eastern side of the River Nile. Giza total area is 13.184 km2, forming 1.3% of the country’s total area. The inhabited area of Giza Governorate represents about 8.8% of its total area of 1,156 km. The inhabited area of Giza Governorate is distributed in various proportions to occupy agricultural lands within the reins 8,66% of the total inhabited area of the governorate. The area of agricultural lands outside the reins with approximately 174 km at 15% of total inhabited area followed by the benefits and cemeteries with an area of 120 km2 with a percentage of 10.3%. While housing is occupied by 1.7% of the total inhabited area. The largest area for agricultural use is located in the Awsim Markez, with a surface area of 25,184 km of the total inhabited area of the governorate known as the flood plain of the governorate. Behira Governorate is a costal governorate located in the northern part of the country in the Nile Delta at west of the Rosetta branch. It is located within the Alexandria Region, which encompasses Alexandria, Matrouh, and Beheira Governorates. Beheira Governorate enjoys an important strategically place, as it borders northwards with Mediterranean, southwards with Giza, eastwards with Rashid Branch and Daqahlia and westwards with Alexandria and Matrouh. It comprises four important highways, namely the Cairo-Alexandria desert road, the Cairo agricultural road, the international road and the circular road. (source: Beheira Governorate, Egypt Description by Information, 2017). Beheira Governorate is by far the largest Governorate as to area of agricultural lands which are estimated at 6819.078 km2 (including the Nubaria lands). Assiut Governorate ranks among the most ancient governorates of Egypt. It belongs to the middle Upper Egypt region that encompasses Assiut and New Valley Governorates. Assiut lies between two mountains, thus it has extreme continental climate. It is also considered the trade capital of Upper Egypt. Assiut Governorate is bordered to the east by Assiut eastern Mountain and Red Sea Governorate, to the west by Assiut western mountain and the New Valley Governorate, to the north by Minia Governorate, and by Souhag Governorate to the south. The Governorate is famous for the production of cotton, wheat, maize, corn, fava beans, citrus, pomegranate, mangoes, grapes, and banana (Assiut Governorate Information Center, 2017). Bani Swaif Governorate is a north Upper Egypt governorate (Fayoum, Bani Swaif, Minia) enjoying a central location between the Introduction enjoying a central location between the Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 111 northern and southern parts of Egypt. The governorate's total area comes to 10954 km2, forming 1.1% of the country's total area. It is divided into 7 precincts (Marakez), 7 cities, and 39 rural local units with 180 affiliated villages. The governorate's natural growth rate of 30.60 per thousand. Bani Swaif Governorate is an agricultural governorate. Most important crops produced in the governorate include: wheat, cotton, sugar cane, in addition to medical and aromatic plants. Bani Swaif governorate is considered a museum of different eras where it hosts a lot of Egypt's treasures. It includes the second oldest step pyramid "Meidum", and Ehnasia city ranking as Egypt's most important ancient cities. There are 8 industrial zones serving the governorate for light and medium diversified industries (food- paper- chemicals- textiles engineering- metallurgical - wood- building engineering- metallurgical - wood- building materials - services). Most important industries in the governorate include dehydration of vegetables and medical and aromatic plants to produce. Souhag Governorate was known in the pharaonic era as Bombay and was listed in the Countries' Lexicon under the name of Suhai. The name was then mispronounced as Souhag. It belongs to south Upper Egypt region which includes Aswan, Souhag, Luxor, Qena, and the Red Sea. The governorate's total area comes to 11218.10 km2, forming 1.1% of the country's total area. It is divided into 11 precincts (Marakez), 11 cities, 3 districts, and 51 rural local units with 213 affiliated villages. The governorate's natural growth rate of 28.5 per thousand. Agriculture serves as the main economic structure of the governorate which is known for growing wheat, cotton, and onions, as well as livestock and poultry production. The governorate pays great attention to the industrialization and motivation of investors. This trend is reflected in the industrial complex (Nile Company for Oil and Detergents, spinning and weaving, onion-dehydration, beverages, sugar in Gerga, and butane filling in Ahayiwia Shark factories). Minia governorate is a rural governorate known as the pretty bride of Upper Egypt, Minia Governorate is part of Introduction the north Upper Egypt region that encompasses Fayoum, Minia, and Bani Swaif. The governorate's total area comes to 32279 km2, forming 3.2% of the country's total area. It is divided into 9 precincts (Marakez), 9 cities, and 61 rural local units with 299 affiliated villages. The natural growth rate of 29.70 per thousand. Minia is classified as an agricultural governorate: cotton, wheat, onion, and sugar cane are the major crops. Although Minia is mainly an agriculture oriented governorate, however, it made serious strides in the field of industry, particularly in food processing, spinning and textile and chemicals industries, in addition to erecting an industrial zone to the east of the Nile, small-scale industries cluster, and environment-friendly main and branches of services centers. Minia Governorate is held as a sustainable record of all historical eras manifested in Egypt. Qena Governorate is part of the south Upper Egypt region that encompasses Aswan, Souhag, Qena, the Red Sea, and Luxor. The governorate's total area comes to 8979.80 km2, forming 0.9% of the country's total area. It is divided into 9 precincts (Marakez), 9 cities, and 41 rural local units, with 111 affiliated villages. The governorate's natural growth rate of 27.00 per thousand. Qena Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 112 is an agri - industrial governorate. It ranks first in the production of sugar cane, tomatoes, bananas, sesame, and hibiscus. Several factories operate in the governorate including 3 sugar factories, and one spinning and weaving, in addition to the Aluminum Complex standing as the largest industrial facility in the Middle East. Qena also hosts two industrial zones; the First Industrial Zone situated in Kalaheen at Qaft Markaz. The Second Industrial Zone is at Yahaw in Nagg`a Hammady. Another small industries cluster is located in Salehia at Qena markaz. Qena is also rich in many and diverse tourist attractions, including pharaonic monuments such as Denderah Temple, which is situated on the west bank of the Nile at 5 km from Qena city. In addition, the governorate hosts Islamic monuments such as the mosques of A`ref billah (scholar who gained proper knowledge of Allah's ruling and piety) Sidi Abdel Reheem El Qenawy, and the Omari Mosque in Qoos, as well as Coptic monuments reflected in the set of monasteries in Naqada Markaz. Poverty According to Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), the percentage of Egyptians, who live in extreme poverty, rose to 32.5 in 2018 from 27.8 percent in 2015, with an increase of 4.7 percent. According to CAPMAS’s latest survey on income, expenditure and consumption for 2017/2018, Egypt announced that whoever earns less than LE 8,282 (US$ 501.03) annually and $1.3 daily, lives under poverty line. The highest percentage of poverty was recorded in Upper Egypt, mainly in Assuit and Sohag, with 66.7 percent and 59.6 percent respectively. The survey revealed that poverty rates ranged from 80 to 100 percent in about 46 villages in these two governorates. In Lower Egypt, Behera governorate is the only governorate where poverty measures exceed the national level. The incidence of poverty in Cairo amounts to 6.3%, ranking the 5 th lowest governorate, with all other poverty indices below the national level. Even though its contribution to national poverty indices is less than its share in population, it includes 2.9% of all poor. The figure below summarizes the incidence of poverty across all governorates for 2008-09. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 113 Figure 4-22 poverty incidence by governorate 2008-200910 In Egypt, where a family lives has a significant correlation with poverty. In addition to differences in educational levels, job availability, and the availability of public services, roads and markets, variation in the quality, cropping patterns and land ownership of agricultural land may contribute to the wealth gap among regions. The train as a means of transportation The train lines under the project represent a major means of transportation for transportation between governorates, and transportation between areas and Markaz in other governorates. Overall, it is an important means targeted by a large number of Population. The following tables shows the number of trains and passengers in the railway lines of Cairo, Alexandria, and Cairo Nag Hammadi according to ENR statistics 2019-2020. Table 4-7: Number of daily trains in the railway lines of Cairo, Alexandria, and Cairo Nag Hammadi Type of train Railway Line Air-conditioned Mixed Special Upgrading Cairo, 31 32 56 9 Alexandria Cairo Nag 34 0 28 29 Hammadi 10 Heba El-Laithy, The ADCR 2011: Poverty in Egypt (2009) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 114 Table 4-8: Number of passengers in the railway lines of Cairo, Alexandria, and Cairo Nag Hammadi Air-conditioned Railway Line Special Upgrading First second class Cairo, 3.630.008.6 6.741.444.5 19.261.270.0 4.916.043 Alexandria Cairo Nag 3.669.317 6.814.447 19.469.847 551.832 Hammadi Gender-based Violence (GBV) In general, violence and sexual harassment against women is considered a serious social problem in Egypt. The 2015 survey “The Egypt Economic Cost of Gender-Based Violence Survey” (ECGBVS, 2015) includes the most comprehensive data on violence against women in Egypt. The ECGBVS is the first nationally representative study in Egypt presenting findings related to the various types and forms of violence experienced by women and girls. The sample consisted of 21,448 households in urban and rural populations in five regions: urban governorates, urban lower Egypt, rural lower Egypt, urban upper Egypt and rural upper Egypt (Aswan Governorate and local community in general is considered to be located within rural upper Egypt). Women aged 18-64 who were residents or present in the household for a month or more before the survey were eligible for the survey. More than half of the survey respondents were from rural areas (54%). The key outcomes and results of the study related to transportation and workplace demonstrate that: ▪ 4% of women reported experiencing violence and sexual harassment at the workplace. Around 3% were subjected to physical or psychological violence and 1% experienced sexual harassment. ▪ Rural women were less vulnerable to harassment in public transport than urban women. 5% of women living in rural areas experienced harassment in public transport versus approximately 9% among urban women. The lowest incidence of harassment against women in public transport was observed in rural Upper Egypt; where only around 2% of women reported having been subjected to harassment in public transport. The Egypt Gender Profile which was conducted in 2018 echoes the ECGBVS findings and highlights the severity of gender-based violence and sexual harassment in the Egyptian society. The profile also finds that women’s access to land and financial resources is limited, despite Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 115 women’s land ownership and inheritance rights being legally approved. This is mainly due to the absence of legal frameworks as well as conservative social norms (JICA, 2018). Stakeholder interviews conducted as part of this ESA, and through the Egyptian National Railways Gender Assessment financed by EBRD in 2015, indicate female stakeholder concerns about lack or non-functional washroom facilities, poor lighting as well as unsafe feeling in crowded areas (e.g. queues for tickets and in trains, which could lead to waiting for the next train). The risks related to gender-based violence have been assessed as moderate. During construction, communities adjacent to the works may be exposed to risks of noise and dust, traffic disruptions, accidents, and general construction hazards. Community interactions with work crews and resulting risks of inappropriate conduct or sexual harassment, are limited, as work crews are from the local area. However, given the diffuse geographic activities, including hard to supervise areas, mitigation measures against sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment are required. All project workers will be required to understand and sign a Code of Conduct. The project will be required to develop and implement appropriate channels for receiving and handling any potential project related SEAH complaints. ENR, in cooperation with the National Council for Women, launched the (Railway Safety ‫)امان السكة‬ campaign on December 1, 2020, which is a campaign to develop awareness against harassment and encourage individuals who use railway services to submit their complaints through ENR's hotline (15047). The campaign was announced on the official website of the Ministry of Transport on December 2nd. The campaign operates in eight stations (that are not part of the RISE project) for a period of two weeks. Before launching the campaign, a survey was conducted on a sample of train passengers to receive feedback on usage of the hotline to submit a GBV related complaint, and another evaluation survey will be conducted at the end of the campaign, to know their feedback on the campaign. Submitted complaints are recorded 1) through customer services who will register the details in a form that was specially prepared for the campaign, and 2) a form designed for complainants to register the details themselves. A limited number of employees work in the ENR customer service (four female employees work from 8 am until 3pm, and then only one employee work from 3pm until 8 am the next morning). In addition, transportation inspectors are present in trains and station entrances to respond to passenger’s complaints. ENR officials also explained that the devices customer service use to Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 116 receive complaints only enable them to receive one call at a time. This enables them to track all complaints to resolve the complaint or take the necessary measures in a timely manner. Therefore, the role of the customer service staff is limited to: a) Receive contact b) Record the complaint in Form c) Direct the complainant to another party represented by the station or police overseer available in the stations or the train to take the necessary measures and deal with the complaint. For the RISE project, this campaign information will be made available at the project sites. However, further developments are needed to handle GBV complaints, as per ESS 4. Once lessons learned arise from the implementation of the campaign, the project will also take them into consideration as needed and as feasible. Vulnerable groups By conventional definition, the vulnerable population are those groups of people who are typically excluded, disadvantaged or marginalized based on their economic, ethnic, social, or cultural characteristics. Various groups could fit within this description (e.g., women, youth, people with disabilities, refugees), there is always a need for a more specific and focused identification for them within the context of the project. Vulnerable groups may likely be adversely affected by environmental and social impacts, while also being least likely to benefit from the project. The vulnerable groups here include persons with disabilities, women, including female rail users, street vendor, service providers at stations and tenants and informal settlers cultivating land within the ROW Particular attention will be paid to the needs of Vulnerable Groups subject to displacement. which include those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, minorities, women, children, and Informal land users (e.g. squatters, individuals, and groups who might be losing their source of livelihoods as a result of land acquisition/ repossession of the leased lands ownership "ENR property "that is used by individuals); or who may be disadvantaged in securing alternative livelihoods. Child labour Child labour is a challenging phenomenon in Egypt; the latest ILO/ Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) National Child Labour Survey indicates that 1.6 million children are engaged in hazardous or unlawful forms of work among the 1.8 million working children in Egypt. Egypt has ratified the Convention no. 182-Worst Forms of Child Labour and Convention no. 138- Minimum Age Convention and made some progress, however, many Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 117 challenges remain. There is a need for more efforts and measures to eliminate the worst forms of child labour. Based on previous national and international best practices, ILO will continue its work in supporting the national constituents in combating child labour with high emphasis on its worst forms11. Illiteracy rates Regarding the illiteracy situation in Egypt during the period (2017-2019), about 25% of the population in Egypt (10 years or more) were illiterate in 2017, and the illiteracy rate decreased from 39.4% in 1996 to 29.7% in 2006, then it reached 25.8% in 2017. According to data from the Public Authority for Adult Education, the illiteracy rate decreased to 24.6% in July 2019. The number of illiterate people in Egypt reached 18.4 million, at a rate of 25.8% in the 2017 census, and illiteracy is higher among females than males, and their number reached 10.6 million at a rate of 30.8%, compared to 7.8 million for males at a rate of 21.1%, and illiteracy rates rise in rural areas compared to urban areas. At a rate of 32.2% compared to 17.7% in urban areas according to the 2017 population census. Illiteracy rates decreased among youth (15-24 years) compared to the elderly (60 years and over), reaching 6.9% for the youth compared to 63.4% for the elderly, according to the 2017 population census. Minya governorate recorded the highest rate of illiteracy with a rate of 37.2%, and the Red Sea Governorate recorded the lowest rates of illiteracy at 12%, and 5.69% of the total illiterate have difficulty (disability), and in general the percentage is slightly higher for males than females, and 3% from Illiterate people use the computer and the Internet. The lowest unemployment rates for illiterates reached 2.2%, while the highest rates of unemployment among those with a university degree or more were 16.7%. This is due to the fact that illiterates accept the minimum number of work regardless of the skill level (manual and craft work) in contrast to those with a degree. Higher qualifications, according to the data of the labor force research in 2019. The percentage of female illiterate workers increased (22.3%) compared to illiterate male workers (18.0%) in 2019, and the (positive) change rates in wages during the last five years tended to decrease with the increase in the educational level of the employed. %, Compared to 26.4% for those with university and postgraduate qualifications, which reflects the higher relative demand of workers for low educational levels compared to higher educational levels. 11 Capacity of Egyptian Government, Workers’ and Employers’ Organizations Strengthened to Combat Child Labour. https://www.ilo.org/africa/technical-cooperation/WCMS_548918/lang--en/index.htm#:~:text=Child%20labour Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 118 The issue of literacy is one of the issues that concern the international community in general and is of utmost importance in Egypt to eliminate it, and it has been included in the international goals (sustainable development) as well as within the vision of Egypt 2030, and the statement has been prepared to address the image and form of illiteracy worldwide, as well as The form of illiteracy in the Arab countries and a summary of the form of illiteracy in Egypt. Land ownership in the project areas The regulation of the right to ownership in the constitution and the law, the new Egyptian constitution, which was issued at the end of 2012, stipulated in its article 21 that "the state guarantees the legitimate ownership of all kinds "Public, Cooperative, Private, and Endowment, and protect it, in accordance with the law". According to the Egyptian law, the following table presents the types of lands ownership in Egypt: Table 4-9: Type of land ownership in Egypt Land ownership type Description Public or State land12 (in Arabic Amlak Amiriya), which is divided into the State’s public domain that cannot be alienated (such as ENR properties), and the State’s private domain, which can be alienated generally through sale, lease, Takhssiss (i.e.) transfer of ownership conditional on meeting certain criteria, such as keeping the land use unchanged and paying the remaining installments of the land price) or through Haq Intifaa, Private land (in Arabic Mulk horr), which may be alienated/transferred freely. The constitution is in Article 24, which states that "private property is protected; and it shall not be expropriated except for the public benefit, and in return for fair compensation, to be paid in advance. All of this is in accordance with the law. Endowment land Waqf and (land held as a trust/endowment for religious or charitable purposes), which is often subject to covenants on transfer or use, and which is typically transferred through leasehold or usufruct. There is no conflict in the project areas over the ownership of lands because they are defined by ownership documents. 12 The large majority of land in Egypt is public or State-owned desert land that is for the most part undeveloped (estimated to be 90-95% of the national territory). Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 119 In general, ENR uses their right-of-way for construction of the signaling buildings. ENR also rents land and houses (to staff), within the ROW and in such cases a contract is issued between ENR and the user. ENR ensures to avoid occupied land plots, wherever possible. In the case where a vacant alternative is unavailable and land is being used by users or tenants, ENR issues an administrative decree for removal of the occupancies on the required land plot by the respective local entities. Refer to the Project’s Resettlement Framework for further inf ormation about procedures and policies applicable to land management. Information Technology Infrastructure A SAP system is used for financial and human resources applications. An asset management module is available, but not currently used for relational data analytics to inform on asset maintenance. The present Safety Management System consists of several management functions applicable to paper and computer-based system methods. The present data collection and analysis system is centralized and not covering ENR network. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 120 PART 2: CHAPTER 5 - CHAPTER 7 (ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF COMPONENT 1) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 121 5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION This section presents assessment of the risks and impacts of component 1 “Modernizing the signaling system along the railway corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi”. With respect to component 2, an impact assessment according to the quantitative tool presented is not applicable due to project activities not being finalized; an environmental and social management framework has, therefore, been developed and is presented separately in Chapter 8. Impact assessment seeks to establish the environmental and socio-economic effects of the project and assess these effects against the current baseline. Regarding impacts of component 2 " Introduction of a safe asset management system and station improvements to improve personal safety, within the same segments of the railway network", it is discussed in details in section 8 of this report. In this section impacts are going to be discussed as follows: 1. Impacts that are applicable to all segments due to similar project activities including track upgrading /renewal. 2. Segment specific impacts. Most of the adverse impacts are expected to occur during the construction phase and will be temporary in nature. They will affect both the communities close to the construction sites as well as users of the railway line. Impacts of construction work on the day-to-day operation of the railway line will affect larger sectors of the society, particularly those using the train. Impacts on the physical environment and the ecology of the project area appear to be minor. Accordingly, environmental and social impacts will be discussed in details during the construction phase. Since component 1 of the project is modernizing the signaling system, the socio-economic impacts during the operation phase will be investigated. Using a systematic and evidence-based approaches, this section evaluates the impacts of the project construction activities on sensitive physical, biological and human aspects presented as follows: 1. Air quality 2. Noise 3. Soil, geology and hydrology 4. Resource efficiency and pollution prevention 5. Solid and hazardous waste 6. Ecology and Biodiversity (flora and fauna) 7. COVID-19 pandemic 8. Occupational Health & safety Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 122 9. Community health and safety 10. Natural disaster risk 11. Risk of child labor 12. Temporary labor influx 13. Risk of gender-based violence (GBV) 14. Culture heritage 15. Land acquisition 16. Employment Opportunities The methodology used in assessing the impacts draws upon a number of guidance documents, including:  Egypt’s principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment, 2009  IFC environmental, health and safety guidelines on waste management facilities  World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Gene ral Guidelines (“WBG EHS General Guidelines”), and WBG EHS guidelines for Railways, 2007 The legislative context of the assessments undertaken are provided in chapter 3. Several environmental and social impacts (positive and negative) associated with the proposed project were identified through field visits, desktop analysis and the use of experts’ judgment. The project’s impact assessment is developed using the following steps:  Characterizing the baseline conditions  Describing the project’s components and activities throughout the construction and operation phases  Evaluating the project’s alternatives to assess if an impact can be reduced  Conceptual identification of the impacts resulting from the proposed project during the construction and operation phases o Describing the studied aspect, its potential impact, its source and Conceptual assessment (negative or positive, short, medium or long-term, low impact or high)  Rating the impacts using evaluation matrix that follows rating method for severity and frequency of impacts as illustrated in the following section.  Identifying mitigation and enhancement measures to address the impact Evaluation Matrix A simple rating method will be applied to identify the significance of the impacts. Each impact will be given a rank for severity (S) and frequency of occurrence (F). Ranks are given on a scale from 1 to 5, as shown in Table 5-1. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 123 Table 5-1 Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts 1 2 3 4 5 Very low Low Medium High Very high An impact is considered significant if its severity is ranked 4 or higher, or if the product of the severity and frequency rating is equal to 12 or higher. To determine the severity rank, four parameters are considered, as follows: 6. Scale: How wide-spread will the impact be? Considerations can include e.g. area affected by land pollution impact, number of people affected by health impact, etc. 7. Difficulty in changing the impact: How difficult will it be to reverse or mitigate the impact? Considerations can include e.g. availability of technology to change impact, level of complexity of available technology, capacity to apply available technology, existence of constraints to change impact, etc. 8. Cost of changing the impact: How much will it cost to change the impact? cost in relation to the means of change considered in the above parameter 9. Effect on public image: To what degree does the impact affect the public image of the enterprise (positively for positive impacts and negatively for negative impacts)? Similarly, for the frequency rank, two parameters are considered: 1. Probability: What is the probability of occurrence of the impact? 2. Duration: How long will the impact last? Equation 1- Formula used to determine aspect significance ranking: = ( , , , ) = ( , ) = × = ( × ) ≥ ≥ This analysis is conducted for both the construction and operation phases of the project. Overview of the Environmental and Social Aspects Implementation of component (1) will involve the same activities for all of the five railway segments from Alexandria To Nag Hammadi. The following list shows the main activities to be conducted at all the five segments under the ongoing and proposed project: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 124 • Equipment, construction raw materials, cables, new tracks and sleepers mobilization. • Trenching and new cables installation activities. • Track upgrading / renewal activities • Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) • Construction activities required for signaling towers The following Table 5-2 shows a summary of project activities impacts on all of the environmental and social aspects mentioned above: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 125 Table 5-2 Summary of Activity related Impacts on both environmental and social aspects Gender-based violence (GBV) Community health and safety Occupational Health & safety Soil, geology and hydrology Employment Opportunities Solid and hazardous waste Resources consumption Surface water pollution Temporary labor influx COVID-19 pandemic Aspect Natural disaster risk Delay in train trips Noise & Vibration Risk of child labor Use of Herbicides (positive impact) Culture heritage Land acquisition Air Quality Traffic Activity Equipment Mobilization Construction Phase Trenching activities Track upgrading / renewal HDD Buildings Construction Negative High Impact Negative Low Impact Positive Medium Impact Negative Medium Impact Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 126 The following section represents a full and detailed description of the project activities on each of the environmental & social aspects: Similar Impacts Resulting from Activities at all of the 5 segments Component 1 will result in positive and negative impacts. The following subsections present a detailed assessment of the impacts resulting from the proposed project during construction and operation phases. Construction Phase Table 5-3 Environmental and social impacts resulting from component 1 during construction phase. Table 5-3 Environmental and social impacts resulting from component 1 during construction phase Construction Phase Aspect 1. Air Quality Description Gaseous emissions: Emissions from machinery used for construction (e.g. excavator and wheel loader); Emissions (e.g. CO, NOx and SO2) from the exhausts of vehicles used to transport workers, cables, new tracks and other basic equipment. Dust emissions: Dust emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase due to the on-site excavation and trenching activities in addition to the movement of the construction vehicles and unloading of ballast which can generate fugitive dust. Impacts / Impacts on ambient air quality are expected, in addition to adverse health Risks impact on the respiratory system of the workers. However, the vehicles and machinery present point sources. Accordingly, under normal conditions any effects witnessed on a local-scale will be of a temporary nature and restricted to the immediate point of exhaust emission Source Excavation for trenching work, track upgrading activities vehicles and machinery Assessment Negative, High; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 127 4 3 12  Aspect 2. Noise and vibration Description Crew members may be exposed to noise from locomotives, rolling stock, and machinery, as well as to significant repetitive mechanical shocks and / or vibrations. Activities such as equipment mobilization, site preparation, excavation & trenching works, old tracks dismantling and new tracks installation construction and installation could potentially lead to an increase of noise and vibration levels. The main receptors for noise and vibration will be workers and nearby residential areas. Impacts / Effects on the hearing system, general health conditions and muscular Risks disorders of workers and nearby receptors. Source Construction activities, trenching activities, unloading and handling of raw materials . Assessment Negative, High; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 2 8  Aspect 3. Soil, geology and hydrology Description The proposed works will involve excavations for trenching activities. Also impacts on soil from track upgrading are expected but will not be major as it only for upgrading the existing tracks. Movement of heavy trucks would loosen the soil by pressure from the wheels and expose them for easy erosion by wind. The heavy machinery, vehicles and equipment will require repairs and maintenance including washing. This may lead to spillage of oil during changing and repairs, generation of waste like engine filters, grease, and scrap materials may lead to soil contamination at the project site. Impacts / • Soil erosion may be caused by exposure of soil surfaces to rain and wind Risks during site clearing, earth moving, and excavation activities. Soil erosion may lead to increased dust emissions. • Soil storage area may block the parallel roads or landscape view at the site. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 128 • Soil storage to be used as covering material, if accumulated in a stock pile, it needs to be protected from being swept away by rain and also not to cause dust emissions. Source Trenching, track upgrading and construction activities. Conceptual Negative, Medium; Short-term assessment Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 3 3 9 X Aspect 4. Resource Efficiency Description There will be an increase in energy consumption during the construction phase as a result of the transportation of materials and construction equipment to the project site as well as the equipment used to prepare the site (e.g. trucks & loaders), and there will be an increase in overall resource consumption of water, equipment, ballast and raw materials during construction phase. Impacts / Air pollution and the negative health effects of exhaust emissions from Risks construction equipment and vehicles. However, emissions are not likely to be significant. The amounts of fuel combustion, consumption of raw material for construction such as concrete and water consumption are not specified. However, the project is not expected to significantly use water and construction raw material. Efficient use of energy in terms of controlling running vehicles and equipment should be in place. Source Energy consumption: There will be an increase in energy consumption as a result of increased construction equipment. Water Consumption: The water will be used for construction work, as well as the workers consumption of water at the site Ballast: Ballast from quarries is to be supplied and used at areas of track upgrades. Assessment Negative, Low; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 2 3 6 X Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 129 Aspect 5. Solid and hazardous waste Description Other than the excavated soil due to trenching works, construction activities may potentially generate solid waste that consists of municipal waste, construction waste and some hazardous waste from project activities. Waste is expected to include the following categories: Hazardous Wastes. • Used oils & Insulation materials, if any • Empty containers, such as paints. • Replaced sleepers and ballast contaminated with grease. • Some of the sleepers (crossties) are very old and were potentially treated with hazardous materials such as benzo-pyrene. However, it should be noted that during ENRRP track renewal activities, samples from wooden ties were sent to Laboratories in Italy and found to be free of carcinogenic contaminants. • Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) • Ballast contaminated with oil and grease Non - hazardous solid waste • Construction debris (concrete, bricks, sand and gravel) • Dismantled old tracks and related components (track operation keys). • Packaging materials • Damaged cables, old replaced cables, waste pipes, … • Inert construction / demolition materials; • Refuse, such as metal scrap, wood and empty containers • Sewage from workers Municipal waste From workers activities at sites Impacts / Negative effects on the environment in case of improper disposal of solid Risks waste on the surrounding community and its associated impacts of visual disturbance, odor and even open burning. The hazardous waste streams should be properly handled and safely stored and disposed of. Otherwise, it will increase traffic when moving waste to designated landfills / disposal sites or taking up and requiring more areas in landfill to host the Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 130 waste generated in case no proper waste management practice is in place (reduce, reuse and recycle). Sewage could be pumped out and discharged in the adjacent wastewater treatment plant otherwise it can cause contamination to soil and water sources. Source Construction waste from the project site and track upgrading works. Assessment Negative, High; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 3 12  Aspect 6. Ecology and Biodiversity (flora and fauna) Description The railway track corridors have been in place for more than a century and is already part of the man-made landscape. Although some wild animals and plants seem to utilize man-made microhabitats around the track corridor, none seems to be obligate user that requires these microhabitats for its survival. Available data show that none of the species that are likely to occur around the railway corridor is threatened. Mismanagement of waste might lead to water resources contamination especially during HDD and working in the vicinity of the water resources. Impacts / Minimal impacts are expected on diversity environmental and biological. Risks Source Construction activities including trenching & track upgrades. Assessment Negative, Low; Long term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 2 4 8 X Aspect 7. Occupational Health & safety Description Construction phase of the project will encompass different activities, which are expected to affect occupational health and safety for workers. In addition to the risk of train / worker accidents. Impacts / Train/ worker accidents are generated from railway workers being in the Risks vicinity of rail lines are exposed to moving trains is one of the major risks. Also listed below the main construction site hazards identified by the Occupational Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 131 Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), all of which will be encountered during the construction of the different components of the project 1. injuries from minor to fatal, including train/worker accidents, rotating and moving equipment, electrical hazards, fire and explosions, eye hazards, noise and vibration, and fatigue including Struck by moving objects, 2. Excavation and Trenching – OSHA has recognized excavation and trenching as the most hazardous construction site operation. 3. Fall - falling from scaffolding more than 6 feet or a steady ladder at a distance of more than 20 feet are among the most serious hazards at the site of construction and the most common. 4. Stable and mobile stairs - Fixed and mobile stairs are important causes of injuries and disasters among construction workers. 5. Scaffolding - The most likely hazards are due to the movement of the scaffold components, their collapse due to damage to their component, loss of load, suspension of a suspended material, electric shock or malfunction. 6. Heavy construction equipment. The main causes of such accidents include the injury of workers when the equipment is returning reverse or when the direction of the equipment is changed or when the brakes do not work properly. 7. Electricity - electricity is a major risk to people both at home and at work. Electricity line workers, electricity technicians and electricity engineers are constantly exposed to electricity and face daily risks. In addition to the health and safety risks, workers may encounter inappropriate working conditions or risk of complaints that are not appropriately addressed…etc. In the meantime, certain groups of workers might be running the risk of discriminatory procedures in hiring under the project (e.g. women, persons with disability) Source Construction activities Assessment Negative, High; Long -term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 4 16  Aspect 8. COVID-19 pandemic Description The projects involve a large work force and there will also be regular flow of parties entering and exiting the site. Given the complexity and the concentrated number of workers, the potential for the spread of infectious Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 132 disease in the project is extremely serious, as are the implications of such a spread. The project must also exercise appropriate precautions against introducing the infection to local communities. Impacts / Transmission and spread of COVID-19 resulting in a large number of the work Risks force becoming ill. Project may become a threat and introduce infection to local communities Project’s progress is slowed down Source Construction activities Assessment Negative, High; Long -term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 4 16  Aspect 9. Community Health, Safety, and Security Description - Level Crossings Safety: Level crossings represent high-risk accident locations for railways. Also construction activities at level crossings will lead to complete or partial closure of the crossings to pedestrian and vehicles, causing increased traffic congestion. - Pedestrian Safety: Trespassers on rail lines and facilities may incur risks from moving trains, electrical lines and equipment, and hazardous substances, among other issues. Also due to the closure of level crossings during construction activities, it is expected that illegal track crossing will be increased raising the risk of accidents. - Unexpected train delays due to reduction of train speed at the project's construction sites will result in longer train trip time - Construction activities at sites accessible to public - local markets Some of construction sites will be located near vital crossings for community, in addition to the random markets scattered, which attract a large number of individuals, which makes construction sites and construction equipment a high risk for the local community Impacts / - Accidents, loss of lives and properties. Risks - Longer train trip time and train delays Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 133 - Safety risks to the public at or near the construction sites. - Inappropriate response to incident by security personnel Source Unsafe level crossings and pedestrian trespassing on the tracks. Assessment Negative, high; long-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 4 16  Aspect 10. Natural disaster risk Description Earthquakes & Flooding Impacts / Negatively impact the time schedule of the construction activities and may Risks cause injuries or fatalities to the workers. Source Natural causes Assessment Negative, High; long-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 4 16  Aspect 11. Traffic Description Increased traffic flow on roads leading to and from the construction site Traffic jams and increased exposure of travelers and road users to exhaust and associated noise and possible accidents. Impacts / - Blocked roads as a result of the construction works, inadequate storage of Risks excavated soil, trenching activities, etc… . Source Construction and trenching activities Assessment Negative, High; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 2 8  Aspect 12. Use of Herbicides Description It is necessary to prevent vegetation within railroad rights-of-way to avoid interference with train operations and track maintenance. Growth of trees and plants can cover signals, fall onto the tracks and overhead power lines, Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 134 and prevent workers from getting to places of safety when trains are passing. The control on vegetation will involve the use of mechanical methods (e.g. mowing) and manual methods (e.g. hand pruning), and the use of herbicides will be avoided. Impacts / Minimum risk as use of herbicides will be avoided. Risks Source Control the vegetation along the track right of way Assessment Negative, low, short term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 2 2 4 x Aspect 13. Risk of child labor Description Child labor is a common practice in Egypt at large, the project in particular, considering constructions, primary supply; service provisions around stations. According to Egyptian Labor Law No.12/2003, child labor should be prohibited especially in dangerous works. Children below 18 are favorable labor as they receive low salaries and they are less demanding. LMP elaborates labor issues pertaining to primary supply workers including child labor and indirect workers to ensure compliance with ESS2. Impacts / There is a risk that this common practice is used in the project. This risk should Risks be carefully handled and restrict obligations and monitoring should be applied in the contractor obligations. Source Violating the labor law, employing children, and exposing them to work risks Assessment Negative, High; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 2 8  Aspect 14. Temporary labor influx Description Generally speaking, having workers in small cities or villages might result in unfavorable impacts on the available resources (e.g. pressure on accommodation, food, risk of communicable diseases especially in light of the COVID-19, health care and medication and potable source of water). Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 135 The contractor will depend on the local labor as much as possible; they are expected to be residents of the project area; which may reduce the risk of labor influx. Impacts / It may result in inconvenience to the local communities, particularly in the Risks areas where communities are conservative or not accustomed to having outsiders. Source Temporary labor influx risks as a result of construction activities. Assessment Negative, High; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 2 8  Aspect 15. Risk of gender-based violence (GBV) Description The scale of labour influx and the absorptive capacity of the local community indicates the significance of the anticipated risk of GBV. Although there are no particular statistics on the rate of GBV of women specifically on the local communities in which the construction works are taking place. The project can lead to an increased risk of Gender Based Violence, as women are particularly vulnerable within the context of construction projects. While the impact of the project on GBV cannot be specifically determined. Impacts / The various forms of GBV that are likely to occur include: Risks - Sexual harassment of women and girls by workers, this might lead to honour crimes, - The probability of limitation of women and young girls’ mobility in the project sites, - Discrimination against women in terms of employment. Source GBV risks as a result of temporary labor influx and construction activities. Assessment Negative, High; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 2 8  Aspect 16. Culture heritage Description The majority of the construction activities will be carried out on the same site as the old technical buildings, and the trenching activities will be carried out Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 136 parallel to the railway line. In addition, no deep excavations will be carried out, so there is no possibility of finding artifacts . No deep digging/trenching during installation of signaling towers and track upgrade will take place, thus there is no probability to find antiquities. However, the study team recommends assuring members of the local community that the project area is far removed from these sites. In the event that any archaeological remains are discovered during digging, the contractor must follow the Chance Find Procedures. Cultural heritage will be impacted in a minor way in cases where construction activities take place near some mosques at the level crossings, as a result of the project; as only road creation for level crossings that will be relocated are considered associated facility, and mosques are buildings of great value to community members. Impacts / Removing of mosques may cause problems with community. Risks Probability to find antiquities. Source Digging/trenching during installation of signaling towers and track upgrade will take place, thus there is no probability to find antiquities. Assessment Negative, Medium; short term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 2 2 4 × Aspect 17. Land acquisition Description For the new segment (Segment 3, Cairo/Beni Suef): 1. Identified locations at this stage include 19 main technical buildings, 18 are already existing (constructed many years ago) and will be rehabilitated. Only one new main technical building will be constructed as part of the RISE project on an empty land, within the boundaries of ENR land (with a wall) that was used in the past by ENR as a storage area. This land plot has been allocated today to establish several projects for ENR, including the new Bashteel station, which includes the new main technical building. 2. Unidentified locations at this stage include secondary technical buildings, rooms for level crossings, cabling and trenching works, temporary storage of materials, etc. For those sites the initial Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 137 determination of the required land areas, location and the potential impacts have not been identified or determined yet and the area required have not determined yet. Upon confirming the land selection for this component, the relevant resettlement instrument should be prepared (e.g. resettlement plan). For the segments that will be rolled over from ENRRP to RISE (segments 2, 3, 4 and 5): Outstanding land issues from ENRRP, that will carry forward to RISE, include retroactive documentation, and corrective actions where necessary, for 3 sites out of 7 (i. SER 1 – Beba, ii SER 18 – Deirut, iii Manqabad EIS), for the economic displacement of approximately 53 land tenants (out of 67), who partially lost rented plots without adequate prior assessment and documentation of the livelihood impact in accordance with the ENRRP RPF. The World Bank has also received documentation for 3 other sites (SER 9 - Matai, ii. SER 3 – Fashn, iii. SER 11—Minya) for the economic displacement of 8 PAPs, and these are under review by the Bank, while issues at one site (Deirut LX - 6 PAPs) have been resolved and will not need further follow up during RISE. All remaining land issues under ENRRP will continue to be supervised beyond ENRRP closing date. Impact related to temporary land use; In case that the contractor needs land to store equipment and building materials that do not have space on the construction site. Impacts / The project will result in the following impacts related to asset, land Risks acquisitions and economic displacement (if any): - Cultivated areas used by tenant farmers within the properties owned by ENR. These cultivated areas include some trees and crops. - Source Construction activities Assessment Negative, Medium; Long term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 3 4 12  Aspect 18. Employment Opportunities Description Create direct and indirect job opportunities Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 138 The project activities will require engineers, skilled and unskilled labour. They are expected to be residents of the districts surrounding the project sites. The expected daily number of workers can range from 20 -30 in each site depending on the activities planned on that day. As part of the construction phase, a lot of indirect benefits are expected to be sensed in the targeted areas due to the need for more supporting services to the workers and contractors who will be working in the various locations. Impacts / Creation of Indirect Job Opportunities: Risks Increased economic activity in project area through the following supply chain: - Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction, and closure of the site; - Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of workers; - Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services; - Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering, installation and maintenance services; - Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurement equipment; - Security personnel; - Retail services; and - Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities. Source Construction activities Assessment Positive, Medium; Short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 3 3 9 x Operation Phase Table 5-4 Environmental & Social impacts resulting from component 1 during operation phase. Table 5-4 Environmental & Social impacts resulting from component 1 during operation phase Aspect 1. Efficiency of the Railway Transportation System Description • Increased safety and reliability of the national railway service and, • Reducing trip time as a result of increased train travel speed and reducing operational delay. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 139 • Decrease (or nearly elimination) of train-related accidents, which either involve derailments of the trains, and train to vehicle accidents at road crossings; • Improvement of safety for rail transport will therefore benefit both women and men in terms of reduced injuries and fatalities; • The daily commuting time will be reduced for users of these lines as a result of the modernized railway system. This may attract more commuters to using the train rather than other modes of transportation, which will contribute to reducing car traffic congestion and air pollution resulting vehicular emission. Impacts / Positive impacts due to increasing the operation efficiency of railways. Risks Source Modernizing the signaling system along the railway corridor Assessment Positive, High; long-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 4 16  Aspect 2. Occupational Health & Safety Description Health and safety issues specific to railway operations include the following: • Train / Worker Accidents: Railway workers in the vicinity of rail lines are exposed to moving trains. • Noise and Vibration Crew members may be exposed to noise from locomotives, rolling stock, and machinery, as well as to significant repetitive mechanical shocks and / or vibrations. • Diesel Exhaust Railway workers, including locomotive crews and workers in stations, rail yards, and locomotive and car shops, may be exposed to exhaust from diesel locomotives and other diesel engines. Crew members riding immediately behind the lead engines of trains (e.g. trailing locomotives) and workers in indoor turnaround areas where locomotives are usually left operating, sometimes for prolonged periods, may be exposed to particularly high levels of diesel exhaust. • Fatigue Locomotive engineers and other railway workers are often required to work irregular work hours which may result in fatigue. Fatigue may be affected by the length and time of the shift (e.g. long night shifts, shift start times); the nature Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 140 of the changes between shifts (shift rotation); the balance in concentration and stimulation in the work activities being undertaken; insufficient rest breaks; and the time of day. Fatigue, particularly of drivers, signalers, maintenance workers, and others whose work is critical to safe operation, can pose a serious safety risk for railway workers and the general public. • Electrical Hazards Electrified railways use either overhead wires or a conductor rail (e.g. third rail) to transmit electrical power to the train locomotive or multiple units. Overhead power lines may also be present near non-electrified rail lines. • Electric and Magnetic Fields Railway workers on electric railway systems may have a higher exposure to electric and magnetic fields (EMF) than the general public due to working in proximity to electric power lines. • Diesel Storing tanks for power generators Power generators to be used in case of powers cut-offs and emergencies are operating with diesel oil that is stored in large steel tanks above or underground. During summer time, temperatures are high causing the generation of diesel fumes which may lead to fire hazards. Impacts / o Train / worker accidents Risks o Noise and vibration o Diesel exhaust o Fatigue o Electrical hazards o Electric and magnetic fields o Fire hazard Source Project operation Assessment Negative, High; long-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 4 4 16  Segment Specific Impact All the 5 railway segments will cross over water bodies and channels. Consequently, signaling cables (telecommunication and power cables) of the proposed upgrade works have to cross these Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 141 bodies of water running under water. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) will be used for this requirement for under water trenching which may result in surface water pollution. Table 5-5 Segment specific impacts during the construction phase Aspect Surface water Description All the 5 railway segments will cross over water bodies, Consequently, communication and power cables of the proposed signaling network have to cross these bodies of water running under water. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) will be used for this required for under water trenching which may result in surface water pollution. Impacts / • Pollution of surface water Risks • Falling over • Falling objects and loads • Stepping on unstable objects • Vehicles falling into trenches • Flying fragments or particles • Fire or explosion hazards. • Accidents due to living beings. • Impacts on railway lines • Noise and vibration • Generation of mud (solid waste). Source Horizontal Directional Drilling (DD) activities. Assessment Negative, low; short-term Significance Severity (S) Frequency (F) Magnitude (SxF) Significance 3 4 12 ✓ Cumulative Impacts The project has no cumulative impacts as all can be effectively mitigated. The project is stretched over 760 km from Alexandria to Nag Hammadi and will be implemented over a span of 5 years which dilutes any expected impacts. As previously discussed, most of the adverse impacts are to be generated during the temporary construction phase. This construction related impacts can be effectively minimized by adopting proper mitigation measures; including: following the firm management plans for traffic, air quality, noise & vibrations, enforcement of good construction management to minimize dust Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 142 and waste generation; education of construction workers to minimize social disturbance and cultural conflict; provision of temporary access to local traffic; proper maintenance of the access roads and timely restoration/strengthening upon completion. With effective implementation of good construction management measures, these common construction-related impacts can be adequately mitigated to acceptable level. Regarding impacts on traffic, it is worth mentioning that the required ballast is provided from various suppliers depending on the location of the construction site to avoid increasing the load on local roads and causing traffic jams. Also, transportation of tracks is mainly carried out by railways so it has no significant impacts on traffic conditions. Impacts rating Summary The following Table 5-6 shows the environmental and social impact rating summary. Table 5-6 Environmental and social impact rating summary Impact Rating Phase Impact and risk category Low Medium High Construction Air Quality ✓ Noise and Vibration ✓ Soil, geology and hydrology ✓ Resource efficiency and pollution ✓ prevention Solid and hazardous waste ✓ Ecology and biodiversity (flora and ✓ fauna) Occupational Health & safety ✓ COVID-19 pandemic ✓ Community health and safety ✓ Natural disaster risk ✓ Traffic ✓ Use of Herbicides ✓ Risk of child labor ✓ Temporary labor influx ✓ Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 143 Impact Rating Phase Impact and risk category Low Medium High Risk of gender-based violence ✓ (GBV) Culture heritage ✓ Land acquisition ✓ Employment Opportunities ✓ (positive impact) Surface water pollution ✓ Operation Efficiency of the Railway ✓ Transportation System Occupational Health & Safety ✓ 1. As seen in the previous table, applying the impact ranking method discussed in the beginning of this section yields 13 significant negative impacts during the construction phase which are: Air Quality: dust & gaseous emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (site preparation, excavation, etc.) 2. Noise and vibration arising from the construction activities (e.g. civil works and installations) 3. Solid and hazardous waste arising from the construction activities 4. COVID-19 pandemic 5. Occupational Health & Safety. 6. Community health, safety and security 7. Traffic 8. Natural disaster risk 9. Risk of child labor 10. Temporary labor influx 11. Risk of gender-based violence (GBV) 12. Land acquisition 13. Surface water pollution While during operation phase the impact ranking method yields 1 positive impact and 2 negative impact during the operation Phase which are: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 144 1. Positive impact: Increased efficiency of the railway transportation System 2. Occupational Health & Safety 3. Risk of Gender Based Violence (GBV) Mitigation measures for these significant impacts are discussed in the following section. Mitigation Measures for the Potential Environmental and Social Impacts As discussed above, 13 significant negative impacts during the construction phase; 1 positive impact and two negative impacts during the operation Phase of the proposed project. In this section, possible means of mitigating or enhancing these effects are discussed. These proposed methods constitute the basis of the proposed environmental management plan, which will be presented in Chapter 7 (Environmental and Social Management Plan). Negative or positive mitigation techniques for component 1 are discussed in detail in the following sections. With respect to component 2, an environmental and social mitigation and monitoring framework developed on the basis of the preliminary impact assessment is presented in chapter 8. The ESMF includes a section presenting selection criteria for classification of sub- project components and associated environmental and social instruments. Mitigation Measures for Significant Impacts During the Project Construction Stage Dust and gaseous emissions during the Construction Phase During construction phase, dust emissions are expected from on-site activities (preparation, excavation, etc.) as well as the equipment movement on unpaved roads. The contractor should assign HSE manager is a must at all construction sites who will ensure the implementation of good site practices, and prepare and implement an Air Quality Management Plan- tentative table of content of the plan is provided in Annex (V)- The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: :  Appropriate sitting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with a suitable cover in addition to regularly spraying water so as to minimize dust blow  Minimizing drop heights for material handling activities such as unloading of friable materials  Keeping the roads damped via watering spraying to minimize dust from spraying as a result of vehicles moving  Ensuring that vehicles travel on paved routes wherever possible Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 145  Sheeting of lorries transporting friable construction materials  Enforcing speed limits on unpaved roads to be <30 km/hr  Implement preventive maintenance program for vehicles and equipment working on site and promptly repair vehicles with visible exhaust fume. Noise and Vibration Construction activities will cause higher levels of ambient noise from vehicles and machines used for drilling and construction purposes. Also, track upgrading activities including dismantling of old tracks and installation of new ones will generate noise. However, this impact is temporary and fades away at the end of the construction phase. The contractor should prepare and implement a Noise and Vibration Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to:  Reduces workers’ exposure times to noise and vibration, so that they do not exceed the safety limits stipulated in the Egyptian environmental law in addition to occupational safety and health standards  Provide workers in areas of activities with high noise levels with earplugs  The contractor must train all workers before starting construction work on the danger of noise and vibration; and how to avoid them  Avoid construction work in the evening  Restricting the movement of lorry cars to prevent noise and vibration in the early morning and late evening periods  Control exposure to hand-arm vibration from equipment such as hand and power tools, or whole-body vibrations from surfaces on which the worker stands or sits, through choice of equipment, installation of vibration dampening pads or devices, and limiting the duration of exposure.  All machines and vehicles must be stopped when not in use  Communicate the construction schedule with neighboring communities and sensitive receptors Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Arising from Construction Activities The contractor should prepare and implement a Waste Management Plan (WMP), and Hazardous Waste and Material Management Plan (HAZMAT). The plans will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 146  The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposal of wastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills, etc.) prior to the commencement of construction activities  Wastes will be segregated and temporarily stored safely in the allocated areas for waste storage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t cause further traffic disruption  Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air by dust dispersion  Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks will not be overloaded with waste volumes  Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded in terms of weight, destination and responsible person  Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved and safe disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to make sure that this process occurs without any hazards or problems.  This will be included in the Temporary Traffic Management Plan (TTMP) for vehicles travelling between construction sites and dump sites/quarries. Non-hazardous (domestic) waste disposal The proposed Solid Waste Management Plan for the safe disposal of domestic waste including but not limited to:  The non-hazardous wastes (paper, garbage, wood and plastics) will be segregated and transported to the local disposal sites by the mean of the approved contractor  The non-hazardous wastes will be transported off-site for recycling or final disposal by a licensed contractor and supervisor will be responsible for the disposal procedure and the conditions of the trucks This will be included in the Temporary Traffic Management Plan (TTMP) for vehicles travelling between construction sites and dump sites/quarries. Old Dismantled Tracks disposal  The dismantled tracks are either: - Maintained and reused by ENR at sub-rail road lines, or Sold by auctions/bidding as scrap. Hazardous waste generation Hazardous waste from construction activities is limited to lubricating oil, empty paint cans. The proposed Hazardous Waste Management Plan for the safe disposal of such waste including but not limited to: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 147  According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up records and manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agencies contracted to receive such wastes  Training to employees should incorporate information from Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for hazardous materials being handled. MSDSs should be readily accessible to employees in their local language  Description of response activities in the event of a spill, release, or other chemical emergency should be incorporated  Representatively test the wooden ties and Ballast to confirm their disposal/reuse techniques. While hazardous waste generated from tracks upgrading / renewal are old contaminated sleepers/ crossties which were coated by a hazardous benzo-pyrene and ballast contaminated with grease, both will be disposed to a hazardous waste landfill by specialized and approved contractor. However, it should be noted that during ENRRP track renewal activities, samples from wooden ties were sent to Laboratories in Italy and found to be free of carcinogenic contaminants. Accordingly, representative samples of the wooden ties to be generated under Rise will be tested in reputable laboratories to ensure their disposal/reuse techniques. Occupational Health & safety The contractor should prepare and implement an Occupational Health & safety Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to:  Ensure that all workers under both the contactors and the sub-contractors are covered by insurance against any potential accidents.  Restricted entrance to all construction sites, where attendance sheets and copies of all workers at site are required.  Training workers in personal track safety procedures ;  Coordination procedures with ENR to block/arrange train traffic on lines where works are occurring (“green zone working”), giving the contractor safe time to conduct the required works. The occupational health & safety mitigation plan shall include but will not be limited to the following measure: - Provide adequate signage to prevent accidental falling into open areas - Fencing of the work areas Health and safety environment (HSE) - There is posted material indicating the nearest police station and hospital (with accident and emergency facilities). Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 148 - The contractor must take reasonable steps to prevent unauthorized people accessing the site. - procedures to address the following risks (injuries from minor to fatal, including train/worker accidents, rotating and moving equipment, electrical hazards, fire and explosions, eye hazards, noise and vibration, and fatigue including Struck by moving objects) - Provide a first aid kits in different places of the work site with the appropriate number of materials given the number of workers on site. The locations of the first aid kits will be provided to all workers. - Providing extinguishers on work site. Stop people smoking and prohibit using cell phones on work sites and do not allow other work activities involving potential ignition sources to take place nearby. - Providing site boundaries by installing suitable physical boundaries (barriers, tape or fence). - Marking excavation holes with physical boundaries (barriers, tape or fence) - The contractor should put up barriers or covers in the area of openings and excavations. - Store building materials (such as pipes, manhole rings, and cement bags) so that they cannot topple or roll over. - Keep walkways and stairways free of tripping hazards such as trailing cables, building materials, and debris. - Everyone who works on any site must have access to adequate toilet and washing facilities, a place for preparing and consuming refreshments, and an area for storing and drying clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE). - Contractor to ensure PPE (personal protective equipment) is used by all workers on site. - Contractor shall hire a certified Health & safety supervisor - Materials and equipment are tidily stacked, protected and covered where necessary. Additionally, there is adequate space for new materials to be stored in secured covered areas to avoid damage, theft, and to protect these items from weather conditions. - Scaffolding for work in elevated areas such as ceiling painting should comply with the OSHA “General Requirements for Scaffolds”. - Emergency response to respond to different risks including natural disasters Contractor to ensure that workers are covered by social insurance and have legal documents in place (even daily workers). In addition to the health and safety risk on the workers should be Coverage with appropriate insurance schemes for all the types of workers. In addition, the Insurance should be covering work related accidents (injuries and fatalities). To avoid workplace health and safety issues including accidents and injuries, the Contractor OHS Plan will be prepared according to the World Bank General Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines and the World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety Guideline for Railways, as well as other Good International Industry Practice (GIIP); and the project specific LMP. The OHS plan will incorporate lessons learned from ENRRP fatalities including Stop Usage of any Motor-Bike on the project subcontracted and own activities; risk/job hazard assessment of all activities under the project; as well as strictly enforce and monitor the OHS plan for all the project activities Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 149 whether it is done by the contractor or its subcontractors. The main implementing contractor shall pass the OHS procedures to all sub-contractors and provide occupational health and safety training to all employees engaged in work. Covid-19 Pandemic The contractor should prepare and implement as a COVID-19 and communicable diseases Management Plan as part of the Occupational Health & safety Management Plan or as a stand- alone . The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: - Develop, communicate and implement measures to protect workers from COVID-19 under the health and safety monitoring plan; including but not limited to: • Body-temperature measurements at the entrance of the site • Face-masks are mandatory • Prohibit gathering and smoking at closed areas. • Provide soap, water and disinfectants at the site. • Apply mandatory quarantine procedures for at least 14 days for the suspected cases not counted from their vacations. • coordination with local health facilities and authorities - Develop COVID-19 risk-based procedures tailored to site conditions and workers characteristics, and based on guidance issued by relevant authorities, both national and international (e.g. WHO). - ensure all workers are trained on and aware of COVID-19 prevention and precautionary measures, and are following the measures on a daily basis (direct and temporary workers) Community Health and Safety The contractor should prepare and implement a Community Health and Safety Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to:  Information related to community health and safety to be shared regularly and systematically as per stakeholder engagement plan (SEP)  Awareness raising campaigns should be tailored in cooperation with the community- based organization. Securely surround the trench with a solid fence when working adjacent to residential clusters or any area where children are suspected to be present.  Job Hazard Analysis for all activities on site. An OHS plan/Manual for risk management specific to the site and the foreseen activities, and following the risk control hierarchy, should be submitted, reviewed and approved by the PMU (or Owner Engineer) prior to commencement of construction. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 150  Development and implementation of a Traffic Management Plan (including routes and alternative routes, truck movements, transport of workers, and short-term closure of roads (if necessary)  The construction site to be fenced and guarded by security personnel in order to prevent any unauthorized access to the site  In case of transporting heavy equipment, the nearby population should be notified in advance  Develop and Implement a well communicated and accessible grievance mechanism for community members to address any complaints For Level Crossings Safety, the proposed mitigation measures are as follows:  Working during the closure of shops, especially at night, in locations far from residential areas and near to level crossings, in order to avoid any accidents during construction near the level crossings.  Installation of automatic gates at all level crossings, and regular inspection/maintenance to ensure proper operation. For Pedestrian Safety, the proposed mitigation measures are as follows:  Posting of clear and prominent warning signage at potential points of entry to track areas (e.g. stations and level crossings);  Installation of fencing or other barriers at station ends and other locations to prevent access to tracks by unauthorized persons;  Local education, especially to young people, regarding the dangers of trespassing;  Designing stations to ensure the authorized route is safe, clearly indicated, and easy to use;  Use of closed-circuit television to monitor rail stations and other areas where trespassing occurs frequently, with a voice alarm system to deter trespassers. For Engaging Security personnel or companies The contractor should prepare and implement a Security Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures and will be Developed in accordance with WBG guidelines for Use of Security Forces Traffic The contractor should prepare and implement a Temporary Traffic Management Plan (TTMP) The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 151 Typically, there is a hierarchy of TTMPs – a Route Wide Traffic Management Plan, Local Area Plans and Site-Specific Plans. TTM plans will aim to minimize delays and reduce detours, ensure safe access, and protect railway and road assets. The TTMPs would also address access to and from the construction zones by minimizing road crossings by heavy plant, managing truck queuing, managing truck haul routes between construction sites, dump sites and quarries, and ensuring that construction timing and sequences do not adversely affect the road network and its environs. The TTMPs should: • use standardized base plans; • present data on estimated truck numbers – per hour and/or per day; • show on plan where truck holding areas are; • show that Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) – pedestrians, cyclists, carts, animal-drawn vehicles - are better catered for and protected; • focus on safety at level crossings and formal/informal track crossings – this is where confusion could arise if there are detours or temporary traffic signals deployed; there is a risk of trains colliding with vehicles and pedestrians. • It is assumed that truck loads are of normal size. If there is a need for any special provision for abnormal truck loads – extra wide, long or high – then this should be catered for and included in the TTMP. The institutional arrangements for the development and implementation of the TTMPs should be presented. Usually this is a top-down approach but with room for flexibility at a local level to meet contingencies. The main contractor prepares the TTMPs for: (1) the whole route or route section of the railway track; (2) each station; (3) each signalling tower; (4) trenching accesses; (5) level crossings and other pedestrian/vehicle crossing sites; and (6) designated truck routes to/from dump sites and quarries; The issue of hiring of trucks and recruitment of truck drivers should be examined. As can sometime be the case worldwide, trucks are typically individually owned or form part of a small fleet under a small contractor. If this is the case, ENR and its contractors will need to be able to manage this myriad of trucks and truck drivers in an efficient way. Truck management can be improved with the use of GPS, RFID or mobile phone applications. ENR could also consider the development of a Drivers’ Information Pack on road safety to be handed out to all drivers. The use of Traffic Agents such as the Traffic Police should be examined. Such personnel can provide in-situ supervision of the TTMPs at construction sites and stations and be on-hand 24/7 to direct traffic, direct residents and answer their questions. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 152 There is scope to showcase this project and provide a learning archive by uploading a Learning Legacy online as other major rail projects (such as Crossrail and HS2 in the UK) have done. The contractor requires to have a time management plan to manage and schedule the traffic movement for the construction materials, equipment in addition to transporting the debris to the landfill. In addition, the notification to the traffic department should be obtained and the time management plan should be approved prior to the construction activities. It is estimated that the overall additional traffic would have insignificant impacts on the level of service on the road. The following point present mitigation measures for the traffic impact: 1. Informational signs should be posted at the construction zones before the commencement of any construction activities to inform drivers and ensure the safety of the roads 2. The contractors and the site supervisor should choose a location for temporary storage of construction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and machinery before construction so as not to cause further traffic disruptions due to routes blockages 3. Minimizing pedestrian interaction with construction vehicles. Pedestrian crossings can be provided if necessary 4. Construction work should be avoided at the traffic peak times whenever possible. 5. Uncontrolled off-road driving will be prohibited 6. Employing safe traffic control measures, including road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions 7. Regular maintenance of vehicles and use of manufacturer approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. 8. Using locally sourced materials, whenever possible, to minimize transport distances. Locating associated facilities 9. Improving driving skills and requiring licensing of drivers 10. Adopting limits for trip duration and arranging driver rosters to avoid overtiredness 11. Avoiding dangerous routes and times of day to reduce the risk of accidents 12. Use of speed control devices (governors) on trucks, and remote monitoring of driver actions, if possible 13. Approval from the traffic department prior to construction should be obtained by the contractor prior to the construction preparation 14. The contractors should make sure that the employed drivers of construction machinery (such as trucks and loaders) have received sensitization/training on safety utilization of their machines in order to minimize accidents risks 15. Unusual traffic delays or accident caused during construction or any complaints received should be reported in the monthly report prepared by the construction supervisor Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 153 Child labor  The contract to be prepared for contractor, subcontractors, primary suppliers and service provisions will prohibit any kind of hiring minors in the project (Children below 18 years)  The contract also will oblige the contractor/subcontractor, primary suppliers and service provisions to keep a copy of IDs of laborers in order to facilitate the monitoring of the presence of hired staff below 18 years  The contractor /subcontractor, primary suppliers and service provisions; so will be obliged to maintain daily attendance sheets in order to verify the attendance of workers not include staff below 18 years’ old  Rigid obligations and penalties will be added to the contractor/subcontractors' ToR in order to warrantee no child labor is occurred in the project Temporary Labor Influx In order to minimize impacts pertaining to labor influx the following should be thoroughly implemented:  Preparation of appropriate code of conduct that stipulates the different commitment of labor towards community groups and the different behavior that should be avoided  All workers should be trained on the Code of Conduct  Code of conduct to be signed by sub-contractor  Code of conduct induction to be done every 2 weeks for the recurrent workers and the new comers before starting work.  Apply penalties to workers violating the code of conduct  Training on Covid-19 prevention Gender Based Violence (GBV)  A code of conduct for workers should be developed, all workers should be trained on. All types of inappropriate behavior of workers should be identified, and the importance of adhering to the code of conduct is emphasized.  Code of conduct to be developed and signed by sub-contractor. It should include prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment (SEA/SH) at workplace.  All workers should be trained on the Code of Conduct  Code of conduct induction to be done every 2 weeks for the recurrent workers and the new comers before starting work.  Apply penalties to workers violating the code of conduct  Raising awareness of the local populations about the project commitment towards communities’ and the measures taken for that  Apply the full requirements related to operating the grievance mechanism including anonymous channels Culture heritage Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 154 Cultural heritage will be impacted in a minor way in cases where construction activities take place near some mosques at the level crossings, as a result of the project; as only road creation for level crossings that will be relocated are considered associated facility, and mosques are buildings of great value to community members. No deep digging/trenching during installation of signaling towers and track upgrade will take place, thus there is no probability to find antiquities  The ENR Authority will coordinate with the Ministry of Awqaf (the responsible ministry for the Islamic houses of worship in Egypt) to avoid any problems that may arise as a result of removing some of these facilities. ENR will coordinate with them in case of removing mosques and for the establishment of another alternative.  Coordination includes: - Conducting consultation activities with community members, - Establishing alternative mosques or contributing to the establishment and expansion of mosques already existed; as appropriate and appropriate compensation from members of the local community. This should be done before construction begins. Land acquisition The mitigation measures related to land are provided in detail in the Project’s Resettlement Framework. In cases of repossession of the leased lands ownership "ENR property" that is used or occupied by individuals for agriculture or any economic activities; ▪ ENR should form a committee to estimate the magnitude of the impact on the PAPs as a result of loss of income ▪ Consulting with PAPs who are tenants about their needs, giving them sufficient warning, letting them harvest crops if possible, updating their leases in case of partial re-possession. ▪ Ensure that the land is free of any crops or trees, otherwise compensation must be paid for it, ▪ ENR should be offered alternative land of better or equal quality, as much as possible ▪ The rental value of the land that has been deducted for the benefit of the project must be dropped before recovering the land, ▪ ENR should be ensured that there are alternative sources of income for the tenants (agricultural land, trade, employment, etc.) other than the acquired land. ▪ All activities under the project need to be screened. For the new segment, ENR should prepare a Master list to be able to track land issues and apply the checklist/screening tool for all land plots and if any land will require acquisition, on a case by case basis either the checklist will be enough or RP will be prepared. ENR has to apply the RF, which has been prepared and updated for this project. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 155 ▪ Coordination with Land officers, contractors, LDUs is needed In the case that ENR have to pay compensation for agricultural losses (crops and trees):  Develop a Resettlement Plan (RP) compliant with WB’s ESS5; and the RF which was prepared for this project: that will shed light on all activities related to land acquisition and propose an avoidance mechanism. In cases the land acquisition is un-avoidable, the RP will propose corrective measures.  Discuss the corrective and remedial actions with the PAPs as well as local authorities and all relevant stakeholders, and share information about the compensation and economic restorations plan.  A GM should be made available to all PAPs, it will be part of the RP (if any).  The number, status and eligibility of PAPs should be analyzed in the RP once the footprint of the project (including additional infrastructure, access road) is better defined.  The list of PAPs should include the current users of the agricultural land not only the tenants in the official records of the ENR; if they are very old contracts, there is a big change that the user is someone else than the tenant. Impact related to temporary land use; in case that the contractor needs land to store equipment and building materials that do not have space on the construction site; ▪ Contractor are renting land plots from tenants to store their materials in some cases. It should be done according to the market price in the area. Surface Water Pollution General rules on prevention and collective protection ▪ Before operating the HDD, make sure that all covers and protective housings are installed. ▪ The worker who handles the HDD must know their management perfectly, being informed of the risks involved in their use. The handling by underage workers, inexperienced or not trained for it is prohibited. ▪ The operator must become familiar with the operation of the machine in particular before using it for the first time. ▪ The HDD should only be used for the purpose for which it was intended and always by authorized personnel trained for its use. ▪ Pay special attention to all the information and warning boards provided on the machine. ▪ The maintenance, repair or any modification of the machine can only be carried out by specialized personnel belonging to the rental company. ▪ Before using the machine, the possible existence of stains that indicate fluid losses will be checked. Safety rules during handling ▪ The machine will be perfectly installed according to the manufacturer and following the regulations regarding homologations and securities already exposed. ▪ The controls of the machine and electronic equipment will only be handled by specialized personnel following the manufacturer's instructions. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 156 ▪ The safety and risk instructions that are attached to the machine will be maintained in a 100% legible condition. ▪ The electrical installation will be carried out according to the specific regulations. ▪ The machinery will be checked on a daily basis before the start of work. ▪ To avoid risks of landslides, during the work there will be no personnel present in the vertical of the drilling and neither at the exit of the hole. In addition, bentonite which is a form of clay that is naturally existent, is used as the drilling fluid so it does not adversely affect the environment. Also, the resulting mud will be collected at the time of generation and disposed of site by licensed contractors. Mitigation Measures for Significant Impacts During the Project Operation Stage Occupational Health & safety Train / Worker Accidents Recommended management strategies include: • Training workers in personal track safety procedures; • Blocking train traffic on lines where maintenance is occurring (“green zone working”) or, if blocking the line is not feasible, use of an automatic warning system or, as a last resort, human lookouts; • Design and construction of rail lines with adequate clearance for workers; • Segregation of stabling, marshalling, and maintenance areas from the running lines. Noise and Vibration Recommended management strategies include: • Use of air conditioning systems to maintain cabin temperature and provide fresh air so that windows can remain closed, limiting wind and outside noise; • Reduction of internal venting of air brakes to a level that minimizes noise without compromising the crew’s ability to judge brake operation; • Installation of active noise cancellation systems; • Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) if engineering controls are not feasible or adequate to reduce noise levels; • Use of dampers at the seat post to reduce the vibration experienced by the operator; • Installation of active vibration control systems for locomotive suspension, cabs, or seat posts, as needed to comply with applicable international and national standards and guidelines. Diesel Exhaust Measures recommended to prevent, minimize, and control workers’ exposure to diesel exhaust: • Limiting time locomotives are allowed to run indoors and use of pusher cars to move locomotives in and out of maintenance shops; Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 157 • Ventilation of locomotive shops or other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may accumulate; • Filtration of air in the train crew cabin; • Use of PPE where engineering controls are not sufficient to reduce contaminant exposure to acceptable levels Fatigue • Railway operators should schedule rest periods at regular intervals and during night hours, to the extent feasible, to maximize the effectiveness of rest breaks, and in accordance with international standards and good practices for work time Electrical Hazards Measures recommended to prevent, minimize electrical hazard, include: • workers exposed to electrical hazards from electrified railways should be trained in personal track safety. • Only workers who are specifically trained and competent in working with overhead • lines and conductor rails should be allowed to approach these systems. Electric and Magnetic Fields Occupational EMF exposure should be prevented or minimized through the preparation and implementation of an EMF safety program including the following components: • Establishment and identification of safety zones to differentiate between work areas with expected elevated EMF levels compared to those acceptable for public exposure, and limiting access to properly trained workers; • Implementation of an action plan to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations such as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Diesel Storing tanks for power generators • Avail water cooling sprayers on the outer surface of the diesel tank, to prevent the generation of diesel fumes specially at the hot weather conditions at upper Egypt. An efficient firefighting system is a must. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 158 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The analysis of the project alternatives forms an integral part of the ESA as it helps determining the optimum technical and economical options with maximized positive environmental and social impacts and reduced or mitigated negative impacts. In this chapter, the alternatives to implementing the proposed project are studied and analyzed. This analysis evaluates whether there are viable alternatives to the proposed development which can fulfill the same function while reducing the overall environmental impact. This section discusses the following alternatives: • No action alternative • Implementing the project In continuation of the previous studies and projects, the alternatives are further analyzed with the updated progress recorded during the site visits and documents review to assess any uninvestigated impacts. Component 2 of the project aims at achieving overall safety system for ENR operations based on improved diagnosis of rail operations, improved infrastructure and rehabilitating stations to address accessibility and safety concerns that affect women and people with disability. This essential component is illustrated in details in the ESMF chapter. No Action Alternative Track Upgrades This alternative suggests continuing the operation of the railway tracks with their current condition of signaling system, and deteriorated quality and inefficient operational capabilities. This will cause more financial burden on ENR resulting from the frequent breakdowns, and the low speed motion of trains on those tracks, causing delayed schedules, and further congestion of trains. This will eventually lead to uneconomical use of the lines, decreased reliability of ENR and consumer dissatisfaction without the implementation of the proposed project, and reduced overall railway safety. Modernization of Signaling System of the Cairo -Beni Suef Segment Without the project, the railway service over the Cairo/Beni Suef line and the existing segments will undergo further deterioration affecting millions of users, resulting in operational risks and increased financial burden and train unreliability. Moreover, during the site visits and focus group consultations, many women expressed feeling unsafe in overcrowded trains, which results from systematic delays, thereby, forcing women to Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 159 wait until the platform and the train cars are emptier for boarding. Therefore, if the signaling system is not modernized, delays to trains and gender safety risks will persist. Implementation of Component 1: Upgrading Tracks and Installation of Modernization Signaling System for Cairo -Beni Suef The project will provide modernization and replacement of elements of the outdated electromechanical signaling system along important railway lines in the Egyptian railway network, namely Cairo/Alexandria and Cairo/High dam lines (Cairo/Beni Suef/Assiut/Nag Hammadi). The implementation of the project will be beneficial to the millions of users of that line, which averages of close to 160 million passengers per year according to ENR statistics. Once completed, the project will improve the railway service of the Cairo/Beni Suef and other lines considerably. Positive impacts of the project on the railway service and overall safety include the following: • Improved train operation safety and safety at level crossings, • Increasing trains reliability and passengers’ trust, • Reducing trip time as a result of increased train travel speed, • Reduce operational delays and train scheduling. • Reduce cost of operation per traffic unit and fatalities arising from railway accidents. Within the framework of this alternative, a number of negative impacts are expected to occur during the construction phase of the project. These impacts are all temporary in nature, lasting only during the construction process and can be readily mitigated. Project elements and activities expected to result in negative impacts are herein considered in terms of possible alternatives to mitigate adverse impacts. Trenching activities One of the main activities during Signaling Modernization is trenching along the railway tracks for placing underground cables required for the upgraded electrical system. From an environmental and social impact perspective, the other option would be to install the cables over ground to save the time and resources associated with the digging and backfilling activities. However, based on the scoping sessions held with the signaling technical team of ENR and technical specification therein, this alternative would result in increased risks of asset loss and deterioration. Specifically, exposed cables would be subject to damage due to weather, and material wear and tear and potential increase in cables theft. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 160 Track installation and upgrades The replacement of track sections is a necessary procedure in the normal maintenance of railway lines. According to ENR representatives and railway experts, the replacement of some of the sections is long overdue. Currently, the train slows down when traveling along these deteriorating tracks, which reduces operational efficiency of the line, i.e., fewer operational trains per unit time. Replacing deteriorated tracks will allow trains to operate at the track design speed, allowing increased operational efficiency. Track upgrades will also contribute to increased reliability and customer satisfaction resulting from faster, safer, less noisy and more comfortable train service. Replacing track sections is an absolute necessity that is unavoidable in the normal operations of any railway system. Adverse, but temporary impacts are expected to occur during the construction process. Most of these impacts can be mitigated, and the expected improvement in the rail service as a result of the proposed project outweigh any expected impacts. Alternative Technologies in Interlocking System In railway signaling a high degree of reliability and safety is achieved. The safety of the station is guaranteed by the interlocking system. It has to reject unsafe combinations of track- and signal- commands. It is the primary aim of the interlocking system to prevent collisions and derailment. Currently in Egypt, ENR achieves this by mechanical interlocking system. This ESA studies the upgrade of the traditional signaling system of ENR from mechanical interlocking to electronic interlocking system. However, there are some different applications of interlocking systems, with different operational characteristics including: Mechanical Interlocking System: In mechanical interlocking plants, a locking bed is constructed, consisting of steel bars forming a grid. The levers that operate switches, derails, signals or other appliances are connected to the bars running in one direction. The bars are constructed so that if the function controlled by a given lever conflicts with that controlled by another lever, mechanical interference is set up in the cross locking between the two bars, in turn preventing the conflicting lever movement from being made. In purely mechanical plants, the levers operate the field devices, such as signals, directly via a mechanical rodding or wire connection. The levers are about shoulder height since they must supply a mechanical advantage for the operator. Cross locking of levers was affected such that the extra leverage could not defeat the locking (preliminary latch lock). Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 161 This mechanical type of interlocking allows capacity of one train per 30-50 minutes depending on track arrangement, due to the fact that train route cannot be preselected and levers have to be manually operated. Also, it contains a high probability of error and malfunction. Figure 6-1 Mechanical Interlocking system Relay Interlocking: Where Interlockings effected purely electrically (sometimes referred to as "all-electric") consist of complex circuitry made up of relays in an arrangement of relay logic that ascertain the state or position of each signal appliance. As appliances are operated, their change of position opens some circuits that lock out other appliances that would conflict with the new position. Similarly, other circuits are closed when the appliances they control become safe to operate. Equipment used for railroad signaling tends to be expensive because of its specialized nature and fail-safe design. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 162 Figure 6-2 Relay interlocking system Electronic interlocking: Modern interlockings are generally solid state, where the wired networks of relays are replaced by software logic running on special-purpose control hardware. The fact that the logic is implemented by software rather than hard-wired circuitry greatly facilitates the ability to make modifications when needed by reprogramming rather than rewiring. In many implementations, this vital logic is stored as firmware or in ROM that cannot be easily altered to both resist unsafe modification and meet regulatory safety testing requirements. The aspect of safety is of utmost importance, nevertheless reliability is an important quality of the system. The change from relays to computer based interlocking systems brings a fundamental change of the characteristics of the subsystems: A highly distributed system, built of components with anticipative faults and the fail-safe property, is substituted by a system where high functionality is concentrated to single computer nodes. Electronic Interlocking are being adopted on a large scale to derive benefits of digital technologies in train operation and to enhance safety. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 163 Figure 6-3 Electronic interlocking system Therefore, it can be concluded that electronic interlocking systems provide more reliability and safety when it comes to operation as it minimizes the human factor and relies on highly functional computers and telecommunicated signals, creating overall accuracy and precision in operation. Since a fault, propagating to the signaling system may immediately cause a crash with great losses of human life, this poses a great importance on choosing the right technology for interlocking systems. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 164 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) The PMU is committed to ensure compliance with the proposed mitigation measures, and all applicable national and international environmental legislation, regulations and standards, as well as the proper management of all significant environmental impacts and the continual improvement of the environmental performance of the project. In order to achieve this, an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) must be established to complete the environmental evaluation. The ESMP summarizes the mitigation measures suggested and discusses initial and ongoing monitoring and management measures of significant impacts of the proposed project. The management of the proposed project shall be committed to implement the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) requirements included therein. This section discusses the various elements of a separate environmental and social management plan for component 1 of the project. With respect to component 2, an environmental and social management framework was developed and presented separately in chapter 8. In general, an effective ESMP should aim to fulfill the plan-do-check-act cycle to achieve continual improvement of the environmental performance. •modify plan according to •what is the objective? assessment outcome: •what are applicable laws and •change targets regulations? •change implementation •what are relevant best process practices? •what resources are needed? act plan check do •implement the plan: •assign resources •are objectives and targets •train staff being met? •inform residents Figure 7-1 Plan-do-check-act cycle applied to proposed project Four elements are identified as the corner stone for an effective plan. These include: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 165 1. Environmental and social objectives and Targets: Definition of a set of objectives and targets to achieve; indicators to measure the environmental performance of the system (covered under Environmental Objectives and Targets) 2. Environmental and social Management : The ESMP assigns responsibilities of actions to various actors and provides a timeframe within which mitigation measures can be implemented further. 3. Environmental and Social Monitoring: Develop a plan to monitor environmental indicators and parameters, covered under Environmental Monitoring Plan. 4. Environmental Register: Keep up an environmental register to ensure compliance to national legal requirements, covered under Environmental Register. Environmental and Social Objectives and Targets The management of the proposed project is committed to implementing an environmental and social management and monitoring plan. The plan will ensure that the construction phase and operation of the project involve full implementation of all proposed mitigation measures and complies with:  World Bank Environmental and Social Standards  Egyptian environmental standards including procedures and guidelines of the EEAA Previous sections of this report have outlined: the baseline environmental and social conditions in the area of the proposed development, have identified the potential impacts on these baseline conditions which could result from both construction and operational activities, and have proposed measures to minimize and mitigate any negative impact identified. To complete the environmental and social evaluation, this section presents an Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (ESMP). ESMP reflects the implementation procedures and mechanisms for the mitigation measures suggested. It discusses initial and ongoing monitoring and management of significant impacts of the proposed project. The ESMP will focus on the following:  Construction impacts management, including control of construction traffic, dust impacts, construction waste, relations with neighboring communities, etc.  Operational impacts management and control  Environmental and social management organization, which includes staffing levels, staff training, and communication & reporting The effectiveness of these environmental and social management and mitigation measures will be monitored throughout the construction and operation of the proposed project. Monitoring will be carried out by the supervising contractor management of the lines as appropriate to the size and scale of the project. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 166 As explained above, a number of indicators have been selected for each of these objectives. These indicators are measurable. Therefore, when monitored as part of the monitoring and environmental and social management plan, will provide a quantitative yield on the environmental and social performance of the system. The explanation of the selected indicators for each goal and their target values are explained in more detail below. The ESMP provides:  Evidence of practical and achievable plans for the management of the proposed project  Framework to confirm compliance with relevant laws, regulations and standards  Evidence of the management of the project in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner  Environmental and social roles and responsibilities set out in the E&S monitoring plan to be implemented by the contractors Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) Institutional arrangements PMU ENR will establish the RISE project PMU which will include qualified staff and resources to support management and monitoring of E&S risks including one Environmental Specialist, one Health and Safety specialist, and one Social Specialist. The PMU will be responsible for the management and monitoring of the project overall performance including the ESHS aspects during construction and operation phases of the project. The PMU will closely be monitoring the contractors on-ground and will be supported by the supervision firms. Contractor ESHS Management The project will be implemented by many contractors including the current ones (Thales and Alstom), ENR contractors for track renewal, and supervising contractors including Systra which is supervising the current ongoing works. For current contractors working in Segments (1,2,4 and 5), ENR will amend the existing works and supervision contracts to be financed under RISE to include the relevant ESHS specifications derived from RISE project Environmental and social instruments, that are prepared in accordance with the ESF. For Segment 3, ENR will issue bidding documents and subsequently contract the awarded contractor to implement the project activities. Hence, the awarded contractors will be responsible for the construction and implementation of the proposed project under the supervision form ENR and the consulting firms in accordance with the RISE E&S instruments. Qualified and experienced contractors will be responsible for implementation of the detailed design and construction of the proposed project. Accordingly, these contractors will be Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 167 responsible for developing site specific ESHS Management plans and code of conduct, consistent with this study, as well as ensuring environmental protection and safety procedures on site. Contractors shall have adequate and dedicated staffing for environmental, social and health and safety management. Contractors’ (and sub-contractors’) workers will be required to demonstrate appropriate skills, qualifications and/or experience prior to employment. Also, contractors will be responsible for managing and auditing primary suppliers to ensure compliance with ESS2. ENR supervising contractor management firm (Systra) will ensure that all contracts with contractors and sub-contractors stipulate all construction management measures, operational design criteria and environment, health and safety standards contained in this study. The Supervision Consultant shall have adequate and dedicated staffing for environmental, social and health and safety management Implementation of these measures will be enforced and supervised by dedicated ESHS manager(s) from supervising contractor (Systra) who will have direct responsibility for the Environment, Social and Health and Safety program on site during construction, and supervision over the implementing contractors. The current ESHS organizational structure of the current contractors, under ENRRP, including signaling modernization and track upgrade will continue in RISE project. It is expected that the contractors will review the current ESHS structure to ensure adequate staffing to implement the ESHS measures on the ground in accordance with the ESA and Labor Management Procedures (LMP). The following are examples of the current ESHS organization of two contractors and the current training programs: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 168 Figure 7-2 Organizational Hierarchy of Thales Environment Team Figure 7-3 Environmental Management department in Alstom team The HSE Manager on site is responsible for ensuring that construction works comply with the requirements of the ESA and all environmental permits. The HSE manager’s key roles will be to:  Assume the interface with authorities for environmental authorizations and permits Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 169  Ensure that mitigation measures to reduce impacts during the construction phase are implemented  Ensure that monitoring to be undertaken during construction is implemented  Ensure compliance with the environmental and social management plan  Ensure that health and safety requirements are respected Environmental and Social Training Program As per the site visit, a training program is designed and conducted at all project sites on a daily basis to all workers and engineers in a “toolbox talk” form to ensure that appropriate skilled staff is aware of environmental and occupational procedures at all times. The training conducted by and for the contractor team in each project site will take place on three levels; contractor workers, engineers then site supervisors. The management will ensure that site supervisors are trained on:  The general operation of the project  Specific roles and important actions  Occupational Health and Safety  Emergency Preparedness and Contingency Response Procedures  Covid-19 precautions and measures  Grievance mechanisms  GBV related mitigation measures, including codes of conduct  Community Health and Safety Environmental Social and Health and Safety Management Plans The following list of required plans and procedures shall be developed by each contractor and approved by the Supervision Consultant in coordination with the PMU. These plans collectively are referred to as Contractor -ESHS Management Plans (C-ESHSMP). • Waste Management Plan (WMP) • Hazardous Material and Waste management Plan (HAZMAT); • Air quality, Noise and vibration Management Plan • Traffic management plan • Occupational Health and Safety Plan; o Emergency preparedness and response plan o COVID-19 and communicable diseases management plan • Community health and safety management plan o Security Management Plan, in case of engaging security personnel/company Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 170 • SEA/SH Action Plan including Workers code of conduct; • Labor Management Procedures and Workers Grievance Mechanism; • Stakeholders Engagement Plan including grievance mechanism. Currently ENR has an occupational safety and health committee under the Centralized Management that develops and updates emergency response procedures and occupational health and safety procedures, and ensures that they are mainstreamed at all levels. ENR shall update their current environmental management system (EMS) and emergency response plan (ERP), and make sure proper trainings are given to ENR personnel, and ensure that it covers the scope of the stations, tracks, level crossings and railway cars in order to implement it during operation phase. Guidance on the content of the different plans and procedure is given in Annex V. All plans should at minimum specify the following in addition to the management requirements: applicable local and international legal standards, roles & responsibilities of the plan/ implementation procedures, non-conformity management, review and monitoring and training requirements where applicable. Where needed, separate plans should be prepared for the construction and operation phase (maintenance work) in order to take into account, the difference of activities and site arrangements of both phases. The plans will be developed in accordance with the ESF requirements and considering the ESA prepared for the project. The current implementing contractors on the four project segments including track renewals contractors will update the existing plans or prepare new plans to be consistent with the ESA and the plans mentioned above Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan The supervising contractor will be responsible for monitoring and conducting audits of environmental and social performance during all phases of the project i.e., responsible for supervising implementation of ESA. Audit reports are carried out by Systra, the supervising contractor, bi-annually for each contractor. This Monitoring Plan defines the key information to be monitored, monitoring location, monitoring frequency, monitoring methods, and mitigation actions to be undertaken as detailed in this section. The monitoring data will be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals by PIU and supervising firms; compliance against relevant WB ESS and national standards will be verified to identify necessary corrective actions in a timely manner. Records of monitoring results will be kept in the Environmental register for each contractor and reviewed by PIU and supervising contractor. The ENR/PIU and supervising firms are entitled to audit the project contractor in order to ensure conformity with environmental and social standards and requirements. The supervising Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 171 contractor shall prepare environmental and social performance reports to ensure compliance with the World Bank ESS on regular basis and in accordance with the project commitment plan. The environmental and social monitoring plan focuses on fulfilling these objectives:  Control and reduction of the environmental and social impacts due to construction of the project  Control and reduction of the environmental and social impacts due to operation of the project ENR will review and update, if needed, the Monitoring Plan every 6 months to ensure that design systems, construction procedures, and monitoring systems for the development stage of the site accurately reflect projects impacts. The review process should be established to ensure continual improvement in the management and operation of the railway lines for sustained compliance with WB ESSs and national standards. The tables below illustrate the Monitoring Plan for the project. Most impacts and mitigations are similar in nature to previous studies performed for same works in different locations. However, specific gaps/update were determined. Gaps include missing environmental measurements in sensitive locations and receptors, gender safety issues in stations, proper waste management on site procedures, and some other gaps as detailed in Chapter 4: Environmental and Social Baseline. Table 7-1 Environmental and social management and monitoring plan during construction phase Environmental and Social Monitoring during Construction Phase Air Quality – Dust and gaseous emissions The contractor should assign HSE manager is a must at all construction sites who will ensure the implementation of good site practices, and prepare and implement an Air Quality Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to:: • Appropriate sitting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with Mitigation measures a suitable cover in addition to regularly spraying water so as to minimize dust blow • Minimizing drop heights for material handling activities such as unloading of friable materials • Keeping the roads damped via watering spraying to minimize dust from spraying as a result of vehicles moving • Ensuring that vehicles travel on paved routes wherever possible • Sheeting of lorries transporting friable construction materials • Enforcing speed limits on unpaved roads to be <30 km/hr Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 172 • Implement preventive maintenance program for vehicles and equipment working on site and promptly repair vehicles with visible exhaust fume. Visual inspections and monitoring Recording and documentation of Methods of monitoring of dust and exhaust gas releases complaint Monitoring frequency biannually • Dust levels ambient PM (TSP, PM10) Performance Indicators • Dust complaints • SOx, NOx, and CO and black smoke from vehicles Monitoring location Borders of construction location Responsibility • Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Air quality measurements: 800,000 LE/year Waste Management The contractor should prepare and implement Waste Management Plan (WMP), and Hazardous Waste and Material Management Plan (HAZMAT). The plans will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposal of wastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills, etc.) prior to the commencement of construction activities • Wastes will be segregated and temporarily stored safely in the allocated areas for waste storage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t cause further traffic disruption • Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air • Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks Mitigation measures will not be overloaded with waste volumes • Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded in terms of weight or volume destination and responsible person • Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved and safe disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to make sure that this process occurs without any hazards or problems Old Dismantled Tracks disposal  The dismantled tracks are either: Maintained and reused by ENR at sub-rail road lines, or Sold by bidding as junk. Hazardous waste generation Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 173 Hazardous waste is limited to lubricating oil, empty paint cans. The proposed Solid Waste Management Plan for the safe disposal of hazardous waste including but not limited to: • According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up records and manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agencies contracted to receive such wastes • Training to employees should incorporate information from Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for hazardous materials being handled. MSDSs should be readily accessible to employees in their local language • Description of response activities in the event of a spill, release, or other chemical emergency should be incorporated • While hazardous waste generated from tracks upgrading / renewal are old contaminated sleepers/ crossties which were coated by a hazardous benzo-pyrene and ballast contaminated with grease, both will be disposed to a hazardous waste landfill by specialized and approved contractor. Old contaminated sleepers will be representatively tested to confirm their disposal/reuse techniques. Documents and records review Methods of monitoring Site visual inspection Monitoring frequency Regularly during construction Maintaining valid contracts with authorized waste collection contractors Records of delivery at final disposal sites Performance Indicators Records of the types and quantities of waste generated and amounts diverted through salvage and reuse, and/or recycle. Monitoring location Construction site Responsibility Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Noise & vibration (on workers and public) The contractor should prepare and implement a Noise and Vibration Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • Reduce workers’ exposure times to noise, so that they do not exceed Mitigation measures the safety limits stipulated in the Egyptian environmental law in addition to occupational safety and health standards • The contractor must train all workers before starting construction work on the danger of noise and how to avoid them • Avoid construction work in the evening • Restricting the movement of lorry cars to prevent noise in the early morning and late evening periods Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 174 • Control exposure to hand-arm vibration from equipment such as hand and power tools, or whole-body vibrations from surfaces on which the worker stands or sits, through choice of equipment, installation of vibration dampening pads or devices, and limiting the duration of exposure. • All machines and vehicles must be stopped when not in use • Communicate the construction schedule with neighboring communities and sensitive receptors Methods of monitoring Site Inspection and spot measurements (if necessary) Monitoring frequency biannually Noise level maintained below 50 dB (A) during daytime and 40 dB (A) Performance indicators during night at construction phase; Regular records and logs showing working hours are maintained At the sources; Monitoring location Along perimeter of site; At the sensitive receptors such as the nearest residential aggregation Responsibility Contractor HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Point measurement: 88,000/year Occupational Health and Safety The contractor should prepare and implement an Occupational Health & safety Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to:  Implement the occupational health & safety plan during all construction phases.  Ensure that all workers under both the contactors and the sub- contractors are covered by life insurance against any potential accidents.  Restricted entrance to all construction sites, where attendance Mitigation measures sheets and copies of all workers at site are required. Train/ worker accidents that are generated from railway workers being in the vicinity of rail lines and exposed to moving trains can be mitigated as follows:  Training workers in personal track safety procedures; Coordination with ENR to block train traffic on lines where works are occurring (“green zone working”), giving the contractor safe time to conduct the required works. The occupational health & safety mitigation plan shall include but will not be limited to the following measure: - Provide adequate signage to prevent accidental falling into open areas - Fencing of the work areas Health and safety environment (HSE) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 175 - There is posted material indicating the nearest police station and hospital (with accident and emergency facilities). - The contractor must take reasonable steps to prevent unauthorized people accessing the site. - Avoid the burning of materials on site. - Provide a first aid kits in different places of the work site with the appropriate number of materials given the number of workers on site. The locations of the first aid kits will be provided to all workers. - Providing extinguishers on work site. - Stop people smoking and prohibit using cell phones on work sites and do not allow other work activities involving potential ignition sources to take place nearby. - Providing site boundaries by installing suitable physical boundaries (barriers, tape or fence). - Marking excavation holes with physical boundaries (barriers, tape or fence) - The contractor should put up barriers or covers in the area of openings and excavations. - Store building materials (such as pipes, manhole rings, and cement bags) so that they cannot topple or roll over. - Keep walkways and stairways free of tripping hazards such as trailing cables, building materials, and debris. - Everyone who works on any site must have access to adequate toilet and washing facilities, a place for preparing and consuming refreshments, and an area for storing and drying clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE). - Contractor to ensure PPE (personal protective equipment) is used by all workers on site. - Contractor shall hire a certified Health & safety supervisor - Materials and equipment are tidily stacked, protected and covered where necessary. Additionally, there is adequate space for new materials to be stored in secured covered areas to avoid damage, theft, and to protect these items from weather conditions. - Scaffolding for work in elevated areas such as ceiling painting should comply with the OSHA “General Requirements for Scaffolds”. Contractor to hiring people who are covered by social insurance and have legal documents in place (even daily workers), in addition to the health and safety risk on the workers should be Coverage with appropriate insurance schemes for all the types of workers. In addition, the Insurance should be covering work related accidents (injuries and fatalities) • Inspection of complaints • Inspection of Human Resources Policy Methods of monitoring • Inspection of employment contracts • Health records about occupational injuries and infectious diseases among workers Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 176 • Inspection of attendance sheets and ID copies • Inspection of insurance policies • Inspection of Training records Monitoring frequency Daily • Occupational health and safety Incident reports • Medical reporting on received cases • No accidents Performance indicators • No incidents regarding public health and safety • Insurance coverage for everyone on site with proof of their presence on site through attendance sheets and copy of IDs. Monitoring location Workers at the project location Responsibility Proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Community Health and safety The contractor should prepare and implement a Community Health and Safety Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • Share Information with community regularly as per SEP • Conduct Awareness raising campaigns • The contractor should submit a Job Hazard Analysis for all activities on site. An OHS plan/Manual for risk management specific to the site and the foreseen activities, and following the risk control hierarchy, should be submitted, reviewed and approved by the PMU (or Owner Engineer) prior to commencement of construction. • Construction site to be fenced and guarded by security personnel in order to prevent any unauthorized access to the site • Notify nearby population in case of transporting heavy equipment Mitigation measures • Grievance mechanism for community members to address any complaints • Develop Traffic Management Plan (if necessary) For Level Crossings Safety: • Working during the closure of shops, especially at night, in locations far from residential areas and near to level crossings, in order to avoid any accidents during construction near the level crossings. • Installation of automatic gates at all level crossings, and regular inspection/maintenance to ensure proper operation. For Pedestrian Safety: • Posting of clear and prominent warning signage at potential points of entry to track areas (e.g. stations and level crossings); • Fences or other barriers at station ends and along tracks to prevent access to tracks by unauthorized persons; Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 177 • Designing stations so as to ensure the access route is safe, clearly indicated, and easy to use; • Use of CCTV to monitor rail stations and other areas where trespassing occurs frequently, with a voice alarm system to deter trespassers. For Engaging Security personnel or companies • The contractor should prepare and implement a Security Management Plan. The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures and will be Developed in accordance with WBG guidelines for Use of Security Forces • Community grievance log • Reviewing community consultation reports Method of monitoring • Interview with community members • Project details as well as grievance mechanism details available on site. Monitoring frequency Monthly • Number of reported complaints from the community Performance indicators • Community members aware of the activities conducted and the messages shared/discussed (through the beneficiary feedback survey) Monitoring location Site Social Officer of the contractor in collaboration with Site HSE officers Responsibility Social Specialist of the PMU Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in operation cost Covid-19 Pandemic The contractor should prepare and implement a COVID-19 and communicable diseases Management Plan The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: • Body-temperature measurements at the entrance of the site • Face-masks are mandatory • Prohibit gathering and smoking at closed areas. • Provide soap, water and disinfectants at the site. Mitigation measures • Apply mandatory quarantine procedures for at least 14 days for the suspected cases not counted from their vacations. Develop COVID-19 risk-based procedures tailored to site conditions and workers characteristics, and based on guidance issued by relevant authorities, both national and international (e.g. WHO). Ensure all workers are trained on and aware of COVID-19 prevention and precautionary measures, and are following the measures on a daily basis (direct and temporary workers) Site inspection Method of monitoring Review of documents and records Medical and routine check-up of staff and workers Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 178 Monitoring frequency Daily Number of trained workers (direct and temporary) Performance indicator Number on infected persons Number of isolated persons Monitoring location Construction Site Contractor and proponent’s Responsibility HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) To be estimated based on the number of workers and general context Traffic The contractor should prepare and implement a Temporary Traffic Management Plan (TTMP) The plan will be reviewed and approved by the supervising consultant and PMU. The plan will include the adequate mitigation measures including but not limited to: Typically, there is a hierarchy of TTMPs – a Route Wide Traffic Management Plan, Local Area Plans and Site-Specific Plans. TTM plans will aim to minimize delays and reduce detours, ensure safe access, and protect railway and road assets. The TTMPs would also address access to and from the construction zones by minimizing road crossings by heavy plant, managing truck queuing, managing truck haul routes between construction sites, dump sites and quarries, and ensuring that construction timing and sequences do not adversely affect the road network and its environs. The TTMPs should: • use standardized base plans Mitigation measures • present data on estimated truck numbers – per hour and/or per day; • show on plan where truck holding areas are; • show that Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) – pedestrians, cyclists, carts, animal-drawn vehicles - are better catered for and protected; focus on safety at level crossings and formal/informal track crossings – this is where confusion could arise if there are detours or temporary traffic signals deployed; there is a risk of trains colliding with vehicles and pedestrians. It is assumed that truck loads are of normal size. If there is a need for any special provision for abnormal truck loads – extra wide, long or high – then this should be catered for and included in the TTMP. The institutional arrangements for the development and implementation of the TTMPs should be presented. Usually this is a top-down approach but with room for flexibility at a local level to meet contingencies. A typical institutional arrangement could be: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 179 e. The main contractor prepares the TTMPs for: (1) the whole route or route section of the railway track; (2) each station; (3) each signalling tower; (4) trenching accesses; (5) level crossings and other pedestrian/vehicle crossing sites; and (6) designated truck routes to/from dump sites and quarries; f. Local contractors give their feedback including a forecast of truck volumes; g. ENR and/or MOT reviews the TTMPs, fleshes out details and define the worksites; h. The contractors are informed and implement the TTMPs. The use of Traffic Agents such as the Traffic Police should be examined. Such personnel can provide in-situ supervision of the TTMPs at construction sites and stations and be on-hand 24/7 to direct traffic, direct residents and answer their questions. There is scope to showcase this project and provide a learning archive by uploading a Learning Legacy online as other major rail projects (such as Crossrail and HS2 in the UK) have done. It is estimated that the overall additional traffic would have insignificant impacts on the level of service on the road. In addition to the mitigation measures listed in Chapter 5. Maintaining and controlling traffic on and to the site by inspection of Method of monitoring Traffic Management Plan or traffic complaints from workers or community Regularly during construction (especially during transport of equipment Monitoring frequency and materials) • Effectiveness/extent of implementation of traffic management plan • Number of complaints received associated with traffic and time it Performance indicator took to resolve them • Number of unresolved complaints Monitoring location Surrounding roads Contractor and proponent’s Responsibility HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Child Labor • The contract to be prepared for contractor/ subcontractors, subcontractors, primary suppliers and service provisions will prohibit Mitigation Measures any kind of hiring minors in the project (Children below 18 years) • The contract also will oblige the contractor/subcontractor, primary suppliers and service provisions to keep a copy of IDs of laborers in Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 180 order to facilitate the monitoring of the presence of hired staff below 18 years • The contractor/subcontractor, primary suppliers and service provisions also will be obliged to maintain daily attendance sheets in order to verify the attendance of workers not include staff below 18 years’ old • Rigid obligations and penalties will be added to the contractor/subcontractors, primary suppliers and service provisions' ToR in order to warrantee no child labor is occurred in the project • Verifying contracts • Inspection of complaints Method of monitoring • Inspection of Human Resources Policy • Inspection of employment contracts • Inspection of attendance sheets and ID copies • During contract preparation Monitoring frequency • Continuously during construction • No complaints from community Performance indicator • No children on site Monitoring location • Construction site Responsibility Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Temporary Labor Influx • Preparation of appropriate code of conduct that stipulates the different commitment of labor towards community groups and the different behavior that should be avoided • All workers should be trained on the Code of Conduct) Mitigation Measures • Code of conduct to be signed by sub-contractor • Code of conduct induction to be done every 2 weeks for the recurrent workers and the new comers before starting work. • Apply penalties to workers violating the code of conduct Method of monitoring Visual Inspection of the site, workers, equipment and vehicles Monitoring frequency Daily throughout construction • The Code of Conduct has been prepared and formally adopted • Number of complaints received from the community with regards to workers’ behavior in general and the time it took to solve them. • Training records Performance indicator • All mitigation measures have been implemented (in specific those related to the code of conduct including GBV and other labor influx risks) • % of workers trained on Code of Conduct • % of workers trained on GBV Monitoring location Construction sites Contractor: Responsibility Implementation of mitigation measures, internal monitoring and reporting to ENR Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 181 ENR: Ensuring the correct implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in the construction costs Risk of Gender Based Violence (GBV) Risk • Code of conduct for workers should be developed, all workers should be trained on. All types of inappropriate behavior of workers should be identified, and the importance of adhering to the code of conduct is emphasized. • Code of conduct to be developed and signed by sub-contractor. It should include prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual Mitigation Measures harassment (SEA/SH) at workplace. • Apply penalties to workers violating the code of conduct • Apply the full requirements related to operating the grievance mechanism including anonymous channels • Raising awareness of the local populations about the project commitment towards communities’ and the measures taken for that • Inspection of training records • Code of conduct established, disclosed and workers are trained on • The monitoring of workers’ compliance to the Code of Conduct when interacting with the surrounding communities to avoid behaviors such as verbal assault, sexual harassment and other forms of GBV. Method of monitoring • Inspection of complaints • Number and documentation of awareness raising activities and stakeholder engagement activities • Interview with community members • Inspection of drug tests and alcohol tests conducted • Numbers of penalties applied Monitoring frequency Continuously during construction • Worker code of conduct • No complaints from community Performance indicator • No accidents • Community members aware of the activities conducted and the messages shared/discussed Monitoring location Construction site Responsibility Social Officer of the Contractor and the Social Specialist of the PMU Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Cultural heritage Cultural heritage will be impacted in a minor way in cases where Mitigation Measures construction activities take place near some mosques at the level crossings, as a result of the project; as only road creation for level Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 182 crossings that will be relocated are considered associated facility, and mosques are buildings of great value to community members.  The ENR Authority will coordinate with the Ministry of Awqaf to avoid any problems that may arise as a result of removing some of these facilities. Coordinate with them in case of removing of mosques and the establishment of another alternative. The Ministry of Awqaf responsible for the Islamic houses of worship in Egypt.  Coordination includes: - Conducting consultation activities with community members, - Establishing alternative mosques or contributing to the establishment and expansion of mosques already existed; as appropriate and appropriate compensation from members of the local community. This should be done before construction begins. In case of chance finding antiquities during excavation: No deep digging/trenching during installation of signaling towers and track upgrade will take place, thus there is no possibility to find antiquities. However, the possibility of the ''chance finds'' will be taken into account • Such chance-finds needs special care in handling so as to keep their condition that will support the cultural value it represents. • In the event of finding of such objects, construction work should stop at the respective area of the site and the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities should be informed so as to adequately handle this object. Method of monitoring Supervision Monitoring frequency During trenching and building MTBs Duration, number of mosques along railway line that need displacement, Performance indicator Discovery of archaeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects Monitoring location Construction site Contractor and proponent’s Responsibility HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in construction cost Land Acquisition In cases of repossession of the leased lands ownership "ENR property" that is used or occupied by individuals for agriculture or any economic activities; Mitigation Measures ▪ ENR should form a committee to estimate the magnitude of the impact on the PAPs as a result of loss of income ▪ Ensure that the land is free of any crops or trees, otherwise compensation must be paid for it, Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 183 ▪ ENR should be offered alternative land of better or equal quality, ▪ The rental value of the land that has been deducted for the benefit of the project must be dropped before recovering the land, ▪ ENR should be ensured that there are alternative sources of income for the tenants (agricultural land, trade, employment, etc.) other than the acquired land. ▪ Providing alternative sources of income, such as providing jobs in the project to compensate for the permanent loss of income. In the case that ENR have to pay compensation for agricultural losses (crops and trees):  Develop a RP compliant with WB’s ESS5; and the RF which was prepared for this project: that will shed light on all activities related to land acquisition and propose an avoidance mechanism. In cases the land acquisition is un-avoidable, propose corrective measures.  Discuss the corrective and remedial actions with the PAPs as well as local authorities and all relevant stakeholders, and share information about the compensation and economic restorations plan.  A GM should be made available to all PAPs, it will be part of the RP (if any).  The number, status and eligibility of PAPs should be analyzed in the RP once the footprint of the project (including additional infrastructure, access road) is better defined.  The list of PAPs should include the current users of the agricultural land not only the tenants in the official records of the ENR; if they are very old contracts, there is a big change that the user is someone else than the tenant. Method of monitoring Review and audit Monitoring frequency At the beginning of the construction phase then weekly Documentation of the stakeholder sessions and consultations GM in place and known to local community - Number of complaints that were resolved and the time it took to resolve them Performance indicator Number of unresolved complaints Preliminary assessment report of land and livelihoods/assets loss for selected locations for technical buildings Resettlement Plan Monitoring location Construction sites Contractor: Implementation of avoidance strategy and mitigation measures Reporting to ENR Responsibility ENR: PMU with support from the WB will maintain land avoidance strategy, Reviewing Contractor’s Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 184 performance and ensuring the correct implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures Review and assurance of Contractors reports Estimated cost (EGP) Included in Construction costs Surface Water Pollution ▪ Before operating the HDD, make sure that all covers and protective housings are installed. ▪ The worker who handles the HDD must know their management perfectly, being informed of the risks involved in their use. The handling by underage workers, inexperienced or not trained for it is prohibited. ▪ The operator must become familiar with the operation of the machine in particular before using it for the first time. ▪ The HDD should only be used for the purpose for which it was intended and always by authorized personnel trained for its use. ▪ Pay special attention to all the information and warning boards provided on the machine. ▪ The maintenance, repair or any modification of the machine can only be carried out by specialized personnel belonging to the rental company. ▪ Before using the machine, the possible existence of stains that indicate fluid losses will be checked. Mitigation Measures Safety rules during handling ▪ The machine will be perfectly installed according to the manufacturer and following the regulations regarding homologations and securities already exposed. ▪ The controls of the machine and electronic equipment will only be handled by specialized personnel following the manufacturer's instructions. ▪ The safety and risk instructions that are attached to the machine will be maintained in a 100% legible condition. ▪ The electrical installation will be carried out according to the specific regulations. ▪ The machinery will be checked on a daily basis before the start of work. ▪ To avoid risks of landslides, during the work there will be no personnel present in the vertical of the drilling and neither at the exit of the hole. In addition, bentonite which is a form of clay that is naturally existent, is used as the drilling fluid so it does not adversely affect the environment. Also, the resulting mud will be collected at the time of generation and disposed off-site by licensed contractors. Visual inspection Inspection of complaints Method of monitoring Health records about occupational injuries Inspection of Training records Monitoring frequency During HDD activities Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 185 No accidents or spill incidents Occupational health and safety Incident reports Performance indicator Medical reporting on received cases Insurance coverage for everyone on site with proof of their presence on site through attendance sheets and copy of IDs. Monitoring location Construction site Responsibility Contractor and proponent’s HSE manager (and officers) Estimated cost (EGP) Included in construction costs Table 7-2 Environmental and social management and monitoring plan during operation phase Environmental and Social Monitoring during Operation Stage Occupational Health and Safety Train / Worker Accidents Recommended management strategies include: • Training workers in personal track safety procedures; • Blocking/arranging train traffic on lines where maintenance is occurring (“green zone working”) or, if blocking the line is not feasible, use of an automatic warning system or, as a last resort, human lookouts; • Design and construction of rail lines with adequate clearance for workers; • Segregation of stabling, marshalling, and maintenance areas from the running lines Noise and Vibration Recommended management strategies include: • Use of air conditioning systems to maintain cabin temperature and provide fresh air so that windows can remain closed, limiting wind and Mitigation Measures outside noise; • Reduction of internal venting of air brakes to a level that minimizes noise without compromising the crew’s ability to judge brake operation; • Installation of active noise cancellation systems; • Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) if engineering controls are not feasible or adequate to reduce noise levels; • Use of dampers at the seat post to reduce the vibration experienced by the operator; • Installation of active vibration control systems for locomotive suspension, cabs, or seat posts, as needed to comply with applicable international and national standards and guidelines. Diesel Exhaust Measures recommended to prevent, minimize, and control workers’ exposure to diesel exhaust: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 186 • Limiting time locomotives are allowed to run indoors and use of pusher cars to move locomotives in and out of maintenance shops; • Ventilation of locomotive shops or other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may accumulate; • Filtration of air in the train crew cabin; • Use of PPE where engineering controls are not sufficient to reduce contaminant exposure to acceptable levels Fatigue • Railway operators should schedule rest periods at regular intervals and during night hours, to the extent feasible, to maximize the effectiveness of rest breaks, and in accordance with international standards and good practices for work time Electrical Hazards Measures recommended to prevent, minimize electrical hazard, include: • workers exposed to electrical hazards from electrified railways should be trained in personal track safety. • Only workers who are specifically trained and competent in working with overhead lines and conductor rails should be allowed to approach these systems. Electric and Magnetic Fields Occupational EMF exposure should be prevented or minimized through the preparation and implementation of an EMF safety program including the following components: • Establishment and identification of safety zones to differentiate between work areas with expected elevated EMF levels compared to those acceptable for public exposure, and limiting access to properly trained workers; • Implementation of an action plan to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations such as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Diesel Storing tanks for power generators • Avail water cooling sprayers on the outer surface of the diesel tank, to prevent the generation of diesel fumes specially at the hot weather conditions at upper Egypt. • An efficient firefighting system is a must. Method of monitoring Visual Inspection – Regular tracks audits – Record Keeping Monitoring frequency Monthly • The OHS and EPRP have been prepared and formally adopted • All mitigation measures have been implemented Undertake checks on Performance indicator workers right to work (including work permits, age etc.); • Reports on any accidents, hazardous events, as well as records and reports on health, safety and welfare of workers Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 187 • Condition of fire extinguishing instruments • Condition of flammable material containers & storage • Availability & usage of PPEs • Condition of Rest Facilities • Workers right to work • % of employees trained on OHS, emergency procedures and GM • OHS statistics such as fatalities, injuries, lost time incidents, first aid cases. • Number of complaints received, solved and unsolved complaints • Social and medical insurance applied Monitoring location ENR premises (tracks, MTBs, STBs, and stations) ENR: Ensuring the correct implementation of the mitigation and monitoring Responsibility measures – Keeping record of incident report and accidents – No. of training sessions held Estimated cost (EGP) Covered in ENR operation costs ESMP Budget The ESMP matrices provided in above tables include several parameters that need to be allocated in the project's final budget. The budget is based on the assumption that all the measures included in ESMP are included in the project budget by the contractors during construction phase, except for the items related to capacity building and consultancy. The table below shows the proposed budget for ESMP. It is important to take into account that the proposed budget is based on the ESA preparation team judgment based on field survey in 2020. The budget is subject to future changes based on external economic factors, such as inflation. Table 7-3 Estimated Budget for ESMP implementation for the 5 lines Phase Category Details Cost (EGP)/yr. Annual cost in the remaining/new Ambient air quality for signaling towers locations as per the EGP 800,000* all construction sites project description (73 building), 5500/point twice a year Construction Annual cost in the remaining/new Phase Ambient Noise for all signaling towers locations as per the EGP 88,000* construction sites project description (73 building), 600/point twice a year Training workshop for ENR staff on Capacity Building EGP 100,000 ESMP, supervision and monitoring Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 188 Phase Category Details Cost (EGP)/yr. Training session/segment = 5 workshops * 20000 EGP Ambient Air quality Twice a year in 14 locations** EGP 360,000 Ambient Noise levels Twice a year in 14 locations** EGP 500,000 Twice a year, EGP 10000 per visit** Environmental/social Performance and recommending EGP 280,000 audit for the project improvement Operation Reporting on corrective and Phase preventive measures Training on new Signaling works - operational hazards - OHS measures Capacity Building for for staff - safety measures in station EGP 100,000 ENR staff and on trains Training session/segment = 5 workshops * 20000 EGP * included in construction cost by contractors ** an average of 14 stations/audit locations per visit (1/5 of the 70 total stations in all segments under RISE) Total Construction ESMP Budget 988,000 EGP Total Operation ESMP Budget 1,240,000 EGP Total 2,228,000 EGP Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 189 PART 3: CHAPTER 8 COVERS SCOPE OF COMPONENT 2 (ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR COMPONENT 2) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 190 8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) OF COMPONENT 2 Introduction One of the objectives of the Project is achieving a holistic safety system. Component 2 activities are aimed at improving the safety of travelers via enhanced safety performance of railways based on improved diagnosis of rail operations, improved infrastructure to address accessibility and safety concerns that affect women and people with disability disproportionately, and improving safety culture geared towards user safety by launching awareness programs and initiatives. The ESMF chapter presents the project description as available to date, analysis of alternatives, preliminary environment and social impacts anticipated for component 2 activities, associated impact management and monitoring framework, which includes screening criteria for sub- project activities, staffing requirements, and description of potential environmental and social instruments that may be required. Once details on sub-project activities become available, project eligibility and an environmental and social screening including necessary ES instruments presented in section Error! Reference source not found. will be performed by ENR environmental and social specialist and submitted to the Bank for approval. For approved activities, environmental and social planning procedures and methodologies are presented as requirements in the ESMMF in section Error! Reference source not found., which also refers to ES instruments including ESMPs. Descriptions of the legal and institutional framework, environmental and social baseline, results from public consultations applicable to component 2 are presented in Chapters 2, 4, and 9. ESMF Development Objectives ESMF Rationale and Objectives Component 2 will only be finalized during project implementation, i.e. the exact nature and physical location of interventions have not yet been identified. An environmental and social management framework (ESMF) was developed in accordance with the World Bank ESF requirements. The ESMF sets out principles, rules, guidelines and procedures to screen, assess, and mitigate environmental and social risks and impacts of sub-projects under Component 2. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 191 ESMF Scope The scope of the ESMF consists of small construction works to rehabilitate train stations across the 760 km, upgrading of the asset management database, enhancing institutional capacities of ENR, and improving public awareness on safety issues ESMF Methodology The ESMF was developed by identifying preliminary risks and impacts generally associated with civil works on environmental and social standards (ESS). Consultations and engagement with ENR were also used to identify potential risks. Women only focus groups discussions were also conducted to identify gender-specific concerns. Results from focus groups are used herein to inform on guiding principles for rehabilitation works in train stations. Previous ES related documents on other components of the ENRRP project were also consulted and reviewed to identify potential risks. On the basis of identified potential risks and impacts, instruments to safeguard ESS during the implementation of Component 2 activities are defined. The ESMF includes guidance, principles, and screening criteria for the sub-projects including consideration of gender issues. Component 2: Project Description Interventions under component 2 aim towards a holistic safety approach connecting all aspects of the railway operations system. While, specific activities have not been defined, general objectives and potential activities are described. Information Technology Infrastructure The main activity consists of upgrading the existing asset database management software with features and modules to achieve a relational asset management. Objectives of additional features and modules are to link the railway asset management register to several databases, for example: o a safety database of accidents and crashes on a Geographical Information System (GIS) database ; o a passenger boarding/alighting database from ticketing systems to inform on investment priorities o mobile phone location data to identify geographical crowding on tracks, level crossings, and stations and, Other examples include linking sensor data to the safety and management systems to reduce failure rate of engines and identify trends leading to deterioration of tracks, i.e., adopting/transitioning into a predictive maintenance system. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 192 Specific solutions and modules have not yet been defined, however, potential candidates include purchasing of SAP HANA platform for data management and the SAP Plant Maintenance. Interventions under this sub-component also include capacity building to ENR staff to operate asset management systems and use it to use evidence and data driven safety actions tom improve overall safety performance. Rehabilitation of Stations Specific works and location of stations have not yet been identified. However, general rehabilitation works may include: - Painting trains/locomotives (women, - Painting ground demarcation lines on the platform - Building extensions between platform and train (to reduce gap between doors and platform) - Installing fencing along tracks to prevent pedestrian trespassing - Repairing entrance and exit stairs - Building shelters and waiting areas (including gender considerations) - Installation of surveillance equipment such as security cameras, alert systems - Building passenger bridges/overpasses for passenger crossing - Building ramps to improve accessibility - Toilet rehabilitation works such as changing pipes, installing new devices Figure 8-1 Stairs in old and deteriorated condition in the entrance of one station Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 193 Figure 8-2 Pedestrians crossing the tracks on different locations of the segments with broken fences Safety First Culture at ENR This sub-component consists of initiatives and activities such as institutional capacity building to establish a safety first culture across all networks of ENR operation. Analysis of Alternatives No Project alternative Information Technology Infrastructure No upgrading/enhancing of software will reduce ability to improve safety from a precautionary and preventative approach due to inefficient use of data to inform on maintenance needs, identification of problematic areas. Furthermore, safety related accidents may be exacerbated by faster moving trains due to upgrade and modernization of other parts of the railway system. Rehabilitation of stations Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 194 No works to improve stations for users will result in persistence of situations, context and environments (e.g., crowded areas, absence of ramps etc.), where GBV/SH and threats to people with disabilities are present. The assumption is that rehabilitation works will reduce the prevalence of contexts, where safety incidents occur. Therefore, no works would decrease potentially anticipated improvements in safety affecting women and people with disabilities that may have otherwise been achieved if contexts, environments were reduced by performing rehabilitation works. Safety First Culture at ENR No initiatives and activities such as institutional capacity building to establish a safety-first culture across all components of ENR operation will result in persistence of insufficient considerations for user safety, persistence in disproportionate safety concerns affecting women and people with disability, misuse or inability to use database management system to improve safety performance. Impact on businesses - formal/informal vendors in and around stations Considerations should be made the impacts on livelihoods or safety of formal and informal vendors/service providers at stations. Information Technology Alternative Alternatives on activities associated with information technology upgrade relate to selecting among modules and features. Candidate modules for achieving objectives of the Project include SAP HANA module for linking assets and incident via decentralized collection of data across ENR. The other candidate module is SAP Plant Maintenance for maintenance of safety critical assets such as the new signaling system. Direct links between selection of modules and features and potential impacts on environmental and social receptors are difficult to establish, therefore, a comparison of alternatives is not presented. Recommendations and considerations for selection of features and modules for a preventative/condition-based maintenance system are presented in Annex II. Rehabilitation of Train Stations The Project is planned to finance rehabilitation works at selected stations. In this context, alternatives having direct impact on environmental and social receptors would depend on station selection and types of works (re-allocation of space, painting, construction of pavement/extension of platform), materials (e.g., energy efficient, water-based paint etc.) Since specific activities have not been defined and may vary in scope, identification of specific alternatives to the project activities was not possible. However, recommendations for selection of stations and types of works on the basis of principles of safety, accessibility, inclusiveness, and sustainability are presented in Annex II. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 195 Safety culture at ENR The Project has an overarching objective of ensuring a safety-first culture across ENR operations including gender-specific and people with disability considerations. Specific activities including capacity building, institutional reforms, safety management system modifications and updates such as mainstreaming gender related safety measures etc. have not yet been specified. The comparison of alternatives for activities for a safety-first culture with a direct impact on environmental and social receptors/elements per se is not relevant/readily applicable. However, recommendations for assessing and identifying areas, where reforms, topics for safety initiatives, workshops, campaigns, capacity building are needed to achieve a safety-first culture are proposed in the Annex II. Environmental and Social Impacts Preliminary determination of significance of impacts from potential activities is presented. Preliminary Identification of Risk and Impact Information Technology Infrastructure Upgrading of the information technology infrastructure will allow data-driven evidence-based decisions and actions to improve safety performance. Improved safety and reliability performance will result in increased user safety and user satisfaction, encourage switch to public transport potentially reducing GHGs emissions and traffic congestion etc. Therefore, positive impacts of high significance are expected to result from upgrades to the IT infrastructure. In the event of inadequate implementation of the IT system resulting in failure to identify risks from deteriorated assets etc. can result in negative impacts of low to very high significance, such as train delays and accidents, respectively. The implementation of upgraded IT systems may also involve replacing electronics such as old computers and associated parts such as cables etc. with newer systems; therefore, generation of hazardous waste requiring proper handling and disposal may result. Rehabilitation of Stations Construction works will be localized, conducted over a short time period and consisting of small- scale localized activities; the impacts are expected to be negative and of low to medium significance. Impacts are presented in Table 8-1. Table 8-1: Potential negative impacts during construction phase of station rehabilitation ESS Impacts during construction ESS2 OHS hazards and risks associated with labor and working conditions and general construction activities such as injuries, electrocutions, falls, slips, Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 196 exposure to diseases such as COVID-19 and child labor due to works in crowded areas. ESS3 increased air pollution by dust and gases, increased noise and vibration generation from use of machinery, movement of vehicles for material and equipment transport ESS3 Waste generation: handling hazardous materials, waste associated with minor works such as construction debris, waste associated with workers ESS4 CHS hazards and risks associated with works if accessible to community, labor influx spread of Covid-19, GBV and child labor, potential delays due to temporary works on train or platform Traffic related impacts due to large vehicles transporting equipment, installation and construction materials ESS5 Potential impacts on livelihoods resulting from temporary inaccessibility to businesses during construction works such as bridges/overpasses outside ROW (if markets are available) During operation, the station will involve the use of station assets by travelers and staff. Operation activities will consist of use and maintenance such as cleaning of station assets including platform, ticketing booth, toilets, surveillance equipment etc., consumption of resources such as water and electricity, monitoring of crossings. Potential negative impacts during operation phase of station rehabilitation are presented in Table 8-2. Table 8-2: Potential negative impacts during operation phase of station rehabilitation ESS Impacts during operation ESS2 Risks of operators’ confrontation with public in the event of vandalism, attacks, theft of assets including surveillance equipment, rails, safety signage etc. Risks of falls, slips, trips during maintenance such as cleaning of surveillance cameras etc., risks of disease spreading (e.g., COVID-19 transmission) in crowded areas ESS3 Waste generation due to use of hazardous materials during maintenance and cleaning of facilities such as detergent, disinfecting materials, paper towels, waste water from cleaning, solid waste generated from travelers such as newspapers, plastic bottles, food packaging materials etc. Increased electricity consumption and associated GHG emissions due to new installations such as lighting, surveillance cameras, automated fencing at crossings etc. Increased water consumption for toilet operation ESS4 Hazards and risks of slips and trips due to poorly designed and unpaved platforms, illegal trespassing on tracks, potential for GBV due to, crowding resulting from Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 197 inefficient spatial design to allow safe flow of users, poor installation of surveillance systems , lack of sufficient sheltering areas for women, risks of COVID-19 spread due to crowded areas Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework E&S Mitigation Hierarchy Information Technology Infrastructure Proposed mitigation measures for adequate implementation of the IT infrastructure consist of adequate training, development of well-defined operating procedures and associated institutional roles and responsibilities, development of QA/QC procedures for implementation of the IT system. A waste management plan should be developed in case of old computer and associated systems replacement and requiring disposal. For the IT upgrades sub-component, ENR will be responsible for the implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures; the management and monitoring framework is presented in Error! Reference source not found.. Rehabilitation of Stations Proposed mitigation measures for activities under rehabilitation of rain stations during the design and planning, construction and operation phases are presented in Table 8-3. Private contractor will be responsible for the implementation of management and monitoring of mitigation actions. ENR will be responsible for supervision. The management and monitoring framework is presented in Error! Reference source not found.. Table 8-3: Mitigation measures for construction phase of stations rehabilitation ESS Impacts during construction Mitigation Measures ESS2 OHS hazards and risks Proper PPEs while on-site, associated with general Labor management procedures and construction activities such as plan, safety training injuries, electrocutions, falls, Emergency response plans including slips, exposure to high noise response plan for suspected COVID- levels, etc. 19 infection (contact tracing, communication methods, testing etc.) Transmission prevention plan: availability of masks, face shields, disinfectant, thermometers, insurance coverage Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 198 ESS3 Increased gaseous pollutant Use equipment with proper emissions and CO2, dust emissions control to reduce dust emission and noise and and gaseous emissions vibration generation from use Use energy efficient equipment to of machinery and equipment, reduce GHG emissions movement of vehicles Reduce emissions by turning off engines when not in use Abate dust emissions by watering surfaces, placing dust screens, applying a speed limit for vehicles transporting construction and installation materials and equipment ESS3 Pollution and waste Implementing waste management generation: handling plan including collection, storage, hazardous materials, waste disposal of waste (hazardous and associated with minor works non-hazardous, solid and waste such as construction debris, water) waste associated with workers Use of water-based materials (paints) Use of energy efficient, green technologies such as LEDs for lighting, automated faucet and toilet flushing, solar energy powered installations, where possible ESS4 CHS hazards and risks Proper delineation and fencing of associated with works if construction works, proper and accessible to community, secure storage of materials and labor influx spread of Covid- equipment inaccessible to 19, GBV, child labor, potential community, plan works outside of delays due to temporary rush hours to minimize exposure to works on train or platform, community, potential accidents due to Implement traffic management circulation of large vehicles plans, impose speed limit of containing equipment, vehicles, and provision of adequate building materials etc. lighting, implementation of Code of Traffic related impacts due to Conduct, which is to be made large vehicles transporting available to the public Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 199 equipment, installation and construction materials ESS5 Potential impacts on Develop RP as required according to livelihoods resulting from RF temporary inaccessibility to businesses during construction works such as bridges/overpasses outside ROW (if markets are available) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 200 E&S Management and Monitoring Framework Information Technology Infrastructure Table 8-4: E&S Management and Monitoring Framework for Information Technology Infrastructure ESS Avoidance, minimizing, mitigation Monitoring measures Requirements Responsibility Cost (EGP) ESS3 Upgrading of the IT System Internal audits of receipts for ENR: Internal audit Within project Implementing waste management plan hazardous waste disposal cost for proper disposal of hazardous waste in the Nasreya specialized hazardous waste facility ESS2, Operation of IT system QA/QC monthly reports ENR External audit ESS4 Minimum mitigation measures: Internal audit: ENR Adequate training of ENR staff, Internal and external audits on External audit: Third 250,000EGP/year Development and implementation of proper functioning of system party consultant, well-defined operating procedures and on implementation by ENR verification entity Well-defined institutional roles and responsibilities across ENR for operation of IT system, Development of QA/QC procedures for implementation of the IT system Rehabilitation of Stations Table 8-5: E&S Management and Monitoring Framework for Rehabilitation of Stations ESS Avoidance, minimizing, Monitoring mitigation measures Requirements Responsibility Cost (EGP) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 201 ESS3 Construction: Construction Construction monthly implementation of ESMP Field reports Contractor (Environment (noise measurement Minimum mitigation Measurement devices (air specialist) 600 EGP/point/day) measures: minimizing quality, dust, CH4) Air measurements emissions of pollutant Operation 5500EGP/point/8 gases, GHGs, dust, and Construction and ENR (Environmental hours) noise operation specialist) Total Measurement • Use equipment with Incident reports cost per station proper emissions Receipts, contracts for assuming 2 control waste pick-ups, measurement points • Use energy efficient Site and surrounding and = 12,200 equipment to reduce installations inspection GHG emissions Audit reports on • Reduce emissions by installations turning off engines when not in use • Abate dust emissions by watering surfaces, using screens for dust blocking • Applying a speed limit for vehicles Construction and operation: implementation of ESMP including Waste Management Plan Minimum mitigation measures: prevention of Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 202 pollution from mishandled waste including procedure for storage, collection, segregation, recycling and/or proper disposal, quality testing of generated waste water, hazardous waste, construction and demolition waste, used oil etc. Operation: implementation of ESMP Use of energy efficient technologies such as LEDs for lighting, water saving technologies such as automated faucet and toilet flushing, ESS2 Labor and Working PPE usage and no child Construction included in Conditions Plan including labor monitoring by Contractor (Health and contractors and ENR Code of Conduct inspections safety specialist and social project budget Minimum mitigation Field reports officer) measures: minimize health Incident reports Operation and safety hazards and Monitor workers' ENR Safety specialist registration records and Social Specialist of the injuries and accidents and ID cards PMU conflicts due to incompliance with Good Practice Guidelines and Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 203 OHS standards, a well communicated and accessible grievance mechanism for workers, preventing child labor Provision of PPEs while on- site Implement Emergency response plans including plan for suspected COVID- 19 infection (contact tracing, communication methods, testing etc.) Transmission prevention plan for staff: availability of masks, face shields, disinfectant, thermometers, insurance coverage ESS4 Minimize risks and hazards Field reports Construction monthly (noise by implementing: Measurement devices (air Contractor Health and measurement 600 Labor management plan quality, noise levels) safety specialist and EGP/point/day) including code of conduct Site inspection visits officer Air measurements to be made available to the Periodic reports Operation 5500EGP/point/8 public Grievance log ENR safety specialist and hours) Provision of adequate Social specialist of the Total Measurement lighting PMU cost per station assuming 2 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 204 ESMP including proper measurement points delineation of construction = 12,200 works, proper and secure storage of materials and equipment inaccessible to community, plan works outside of rush hours to minimize exposure to community, Traffic management plan including speed limit of vehicles Communication strategy Scope: raise awareness of the community members on health and safety measures. Grievance mechanism Mitigation measure: addressing complaints of community, grievance mechanism including anonymous channels Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 205 Implementation Arrangements for Safeguarding, Monitoring and Reporting WB ESSs Staffing Requirements for Implementation of ESMF Component 2 of the project will be managed by a PMU at ENR. Component 2 of the project consists of two sub-components; the first sub-component consists of updating an existing asset management database. The second sub-component consists of small construction works for the rehabilitation of train stations. An overarching objective is achieving a holistic safety management system integrating both sub-components as well as instilling a safety-first culture throughout ENR. Information Technology Infrastructure The department within ENR responsible for upgrading the asset management database has not yet been determined. With respect to operation of the current asset management database, information was unavailable on the existing system and the associated responsible department within ENR. In this context, basic staffing requirements for implementation of the project and achieving positive impacts associated with improved safety performance, responsibilities/mandates, and capacity requirements are described in Table 8-6. Table 8-6: Staffing requirements, minimum mandates and capacity requirements for IT infrastructure upgrade Staffing Minimum Mandates Capacity requirement requirement IT/SAP consultant Review and assessment of SAP and GIS knowledge and (s) current system (s) expertise, modules, platforms, big Identification and defining data technologies, smart mobility, specific features and modules machine learning, for upgrading of system, Experience in systems assessment Implementation of required and digital transitioning upgrades to the system experience in railways asset Perform IT capacities management databases, assessment of ENR, understanding of local context with Identify training needs and respect to data collection and develop training plan for ENR storage, SAP certified professional staff (e.g., training course, certification programs etc.) SAP and GIS asset Overseeing upgrading Senior level, Experience with SAP and management - implementation and operation GIS, Oracle (and any other system identified from existing system Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 206 manager (ENR of asset management database assessment), railway system design, staff) system operation and maintenance, data Provide plan for transition into science, predictive analytics digital data collection and storage (to feed SAP solution) Formulate evidence-based action plans to improve safety performance based on predictive analytics and progress and performance reports IT team lead (ENR Operation of the management Mid-level, Experience with SAP and staff) system and training of Geographic Information System, technicians within ENR, Oracle etc. railway system design, interpretation of data operation and maintenance, Development of standard knowledge of predictive analytics, operating procedures, QA/QC data science plans and procedures Generate progress and performance reports for submission to manager Oversee and train data analysts Review of monthly reports Data analyst (ENR Perform day to day operations Entry level, Experience SAP and GIS, staff) on the upgraded system, railway system design, operation and Generate monthly report for maintenance, data science submission to team lead Environmental and Perform internal audits of Entry-mid level, WB ESS, ESMP safety specialist receipts for hazardous waste (ENR) disposal Rehabilitation of Stations The second sub-component consists of small construction works for the rehabilitation of train stations. Environmental and social screening of sub-project activities will be performed by ENR environmental and social specialists. The implementing entity/contractor for the construction works has not yet been determined, but is responsible for the preparation and implementation of ES instruments (i.e., ESMPs.) In this context, basic staffing requirements, associated responsibilities and capacity requirements within ENR and for private contractor are described in Table 8-7 and Table 8-8, respectively. Table 8-7: Staffing requirements, minimum mandates and capacity requirements for station rehabilitation Staffing requirement Minimum Mandates Capacity requirement Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 207 Civil/structural Engineer Perform assessment and experience in rail sector on prioritization of train stations for buildings, rehabilitation, perform design maintenance/repair studies for upgrades of train facilities and station stations according to safety, upgrades, WB ESS, railway accessibility, sustainability and specific safety management capacity, and gender-specific criteria Accessibility consultant Review, assess, and propose design WB ESS, railway specific modifications for stations for safety management, accessibility including gender issues knowledge of local gender during design and planning phase safety issues Environmental/Safety/Sus Review selection of materials to be WB ESS, waste tainability consultant used in rehabilitation works management, energy according to sustainability criteria efficiency solutions, (green, high efficiency) during design and planning phase ENR environmental and Draft bidding documents, which mid-senior level, WB ESS, safety team lead / EAD include developing of ES waste management, railway (Environmental Affairs instruments safety, ESMP, social Directorate) Oversee implementation of ESMP development during all project phases Review and approve of monthly progress reports Communicate risks, incidents and need for preventative or corrective actions to ENR higher management ENR Environmental and Perform sub-project screening for Entry-mid level, WB ESS, safety specialist identifying appropriate ES ESMP ENR social specialist instrument Construction Monitoring implementation of ESMP by contractor, site inspections Addressing grievances Submit monthly reports to ENR environment and safety team lead Operation Monitor implementation of ESMP by ENR staff (operators of the stations), perform site inspections Submit monthly reports to ENR environment and safety team lead Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 208 Table 8-8: Staffing Requirements for Private Contractor for Rehabilitation of Stations Private contractor Staffing requirement Minimum Mandates Capacity requirement Project manager- Civil Overseeing construction works Senior level, WBB ESS, engineer Preparing monthly progress reports ESMP for submission to ENR Environmental specialist Preparing or contracting external Mid-level, WB ESS, ESMP consultant for development of ES instruments (e.g., checklist ESMP,ESMP) Ensuring implementation of ESMP and sub-management plans including waste management plan, performing site inspection and monitoring Social officer Addressing grievances Mid-level, WB ESS, ESMP HSE officer Ensuring Implementing of LMP and Mid –level, WB ESS, ESMP other safety measures in ESMP Safety First Culture at ENR Specific activities have not yet been determined for instilling a safety-first culture at ENR. In this context, basic staffing requirements, associated responsibilities and capacity requirements are described in Table 8-9. Table 8-9: Staffing requirements, minimum mandates and capacity requirements for safety first culture at ENR Staffing requirement Minimum mandates Capacity requirement Environment/ Safety Integrate and liaise with other Knowledge of safety Director (ENR) departments for overall safety culture, WB ESS management across ENR operations (e.g., department operating the upgraded asset management database etc.) Facilitate data exchange for safety cultural assessment Implement leadership recommendations (defining safety vision and mission for ENR, performing institutional reforms) Railway Safety expert Perform safety cultural assessment Mid-senior level, (ENR)/ or independent at ENR knowledge of safety consultant culture, principal railway Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 209 Provide recommendations and and local cultural specific plans including institutional reforms safety concerns, WB ESS, (redefining/refining roles and human and organizational responsibilities etc.), topics for factors, safety initiatives Oversee implementation of safety guidelines Railway safety specialist Update safety management system Safety culture, safety (ENR) Implement safety recommendations management systems, Develop training and workshops adapted to staff across ENR (train operators, rail engineers etc.) and for public (e.g., developing safety workshops on crossings etc.) Monitoring With respect to IT infrastructure, monitoring will be in the form of internal and external audits by ENR and a Third Party, respectively. With respect to rehabilitation of stations, ENR’s PMU will be responsible for overall monitoring of implementation of the project in compliance with ES standards according to defined indicators in the ESMP (s). Monitoring of contractor’s implementation of the ESMP will be performed by the PMU’s environmental and social Specialists. Reporting With respect to IT infrastructure, ENR asset manager will provide monthly reports to ENR’ PMU. With respect to the rehabilitation of stations, during the construction phase, the contractor will submit monthly reports to ENR’s PMU. During the operation pha se, ENR environmental and social specialists will submit monthly monitoring reports to environmental and safety team lead at ENR. Progress reports for submission to the Bank will be prepared by Environmental Affairs Directorate in ENR. Training, Capacity Building, and Awareness Raising The overarching objectives are achieving holistic safety across ENR operations and on the public side. On the ENR side, safety is to be achieved by improved evidence-based decisions relating to predictive maintenance derived from use of information technology (SAP, GIS, digital data analytics), adapted design of stations accounting for safety, accessibility/inclusiveness, sustainability and capacity criteria, and a robust safety management culture integrating all departments for improved safety performance. Considering that specific activities associated with IT infrastructure and a safety-first Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 210 culture have not yet been finalized, on the basis of project documents, potential capacity building needs to upgrade and operate a SAP-GIS system are described. Furthermore, considering that ESF are relatively recent, capacity building needs are anticipated as well for the rehabilitation of stations. Potential capacity building needs and training topics are described in Table 8-10. Table 8-10: Capacity Building and Training Topics for Implementation of WB ESS Training/Capacity Building Targeted Entity Trainer Estimated cost of Topic training (EGP) ESMF, ESMP ENR, private External 20 000/ 1 day contractor for consultant rehabilitation works SAP solutions ENR manager, External 60 000/ 3 days GIS for asset management team lead, SAP/GIS (additional costs specialist Professional may be incurred Consultant by certification programs) Safety Culture and Safety manager, External 40 000/ 2 days Leadership with special team leads, consultant topics on gender safety, specialists, EAD accessibility and in ENR inclusiveness, COVID-19 prevention Public safety awareness Public ENR Safety Awareness booths campaigns and initiatives: specialists on-site - safety around rail Brochure operations and dissemination crossings - prevention of COVID- Digital platforms 19, - prevention of sexual harassment Summary of ESMF Implementation Arrangements A summary of activities for the implementation of the ESMF is presented in Table 8-11. Table 8-11: ESMF implementation arrangements Activity Responsibility 1 Capacity building on ESF, ESMF, ESMP to ENR EAD External E&S 2 Capacity building on ESF, ESMF, ESMP to contractor ENR EAD Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 211 Incorporation of ES instruments and guidelines in 3 ENR EAD bidding documents Environmental and social screening of sub-component 4 activities and determination of ES instruments ENR EAD required Approval and clearance of screened sub-component 5 WB activities 6 Preparation of ESMP checklist, site-specific ESMP Contractor 7 Preparation of RP ENR Review and submission of ES instruments to WB for 8 ENR approval 9 Review and approval of ESS instruments WB 10 Implementation of Stakeholder Engagement Plan ENR 11 Implementation of ESMP Contractor 12 Monitoring and reporting on ESMP implementation ENR 13 Supervision of RP implementation ENR Environmental and Social Screening Criteria Once sub-component details including locations and specific activities are determined, screening and risk classification should be performed. The objective of sub-component screening is to verify project eligibility for Bank financing, i.e., identifying exclusions, determine risk classification according to ESS, and identify associated Environmental and Social Instruments for ESF compliance. The screening questionnaires consists of: • Exclusion criteria: Project eligibility criteria • Brief description of project sub-component activities • Environmental criteria • Social criteria including resettlement Screening questionnaires are presented in Annex III. The format of the questionnaire is based on ‘yes’ and ‘no’ questions. With respect to exclusion criteria, any question with a ‘yes’ response renders the activity ineligible for Bank financing. With respect to environmental and social criteria, questions assess potential negative impacts relevant to all ESSs. If all questions result in ‘no’, the project would be classified as having low impact significance and requiring a checklist ESMP. If any questions result in ‘yes’ response, the project activity would be classified as having impacts of medium significance and requiring site-specific ESMP. Under the social criteria, if any question relevant to resettlement results in a ‘yes’ response, resettlement plans will be required. Screening results and associated decision are presented in Table 8-12. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 212 Table 8-12: Project activities screening results and decisions Screening results Risk level Decision and instrument requirement ‘No’ to all questions Low Eligible. Checklist ESMP to be developed ‘No’ to exclusion criteria Medium Eligible. Site specific ESMP to be developed ‘yes’ to at least 1 question in environment/social parts ‘No’ to exclusion criteria Medium Eligible. RP to be developed ‘yes’ to at least 1 question in resettlement under social part ‘yes’ to exclusion criteria High Not eligible for Bank part financing Environment and Social Instruments for Safeguarding ESS The Project will require development and implementation of Environmental and Social (ES) Assessment instruments to comply with the ESF requirements. ES instruments, sub- management plans and other studies required for the Project were identified. The general description of each identified instrument is provided in the following table. Table 8-13 Environmental and Social instruments and Other Studies proposed for the project Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies Assessment of existing Minimum relevant IT infrastructure data management system information to the description of the existing system should include type of data collected, collection method (manual, automated, real time etc.), source of data (sensors, inspections), data storage platform, type of automated/digital data Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 213 Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies analysis (algorithms, quality indices etc.), type of defects flagged and alert signal generation, if any. Existence of GIS database and features/modules, if any. IT Capacities assessment Assessment of capacities of IT Infrastructure ENR for operating and maintaining upgraded SAP asset management solution. Assessment should include knowledge and use of SAP solutions and tools, data analytics, big data, use of GIS for assessment management and other systems identified in the assessment of existing data management system Station technical design Technical design Rehabilitation of Station documents documents should for all elements for rehabilitation consider, at a minimum, all criteria relating to safety, accessibility/inclusiveness, sustainability, and capacity outlined in the ESMF. The design documents will also include for each work segment (demolitions, buildings, lighting, toilet rehabilitation activities etc.) sufficient data on materials and installations to allow identification of types and quantities of Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 214 Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies waste anticipated from project activities, Checklist ESMP The checklist ESMP defines Rehabilitation of Stations key measures to mitigate impacts from works that are small, localized, and of short/temporary duration and of low significance. Key elements include description of activities, general mitigation and monitoring measures associated with activities covering air quality, noise and vibration, OHS (including PPE, implementing Code of conduct and special precautions to prevent spread of COVI-19, prevent GBV, and child labor), CHS. The checklist should be included in tendering documents. A template is presented in Annex VIII Site-specific ESMP The ESMP defines Rehabilitation of Stations measures and associated actions to be implemented to eliminate or reduce (to acceptable levels) negative impacts on environmental and social receptors, defines monitoring measures including parameters and indicators for monitoring, frequency and responsible entities, requirements for third party verifications. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 215 Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies The site specific ESMP will addresses, at a minimum, all preliminary negative impacts and risks of project activities on sensitive receptors associated with ESS2-ESS3-ESS4 in the ESMF. The ESMP should go beyond common impacts between stations and highlight any station specific features such as presence of informal markets etc. The ESMP shall also identify gender- sensitive indicators. ESMPs are to be included in tendering documents. A template for ESMP is presented in Annex IX. Waste management plan Rehabilitation works will Rehabilitation of Stations result in generation of waste including construction debris, old equipment and installations, empty containers etc. The waste management plan identifies types and quantities of waste from project activities, defines management and monitoring plan for minimizing, avoiding risks and impacts of generated waste on relevant receptors, defines procedures for collection, storage, handling, and disposal of waste and Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 216 Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies associated monitoring procedures such as site inspections, parameters to be monitored such as gaseous emissions and other requirements (e.g., disposal contracts) Resettlement Plans Rehabilitation of Stations The RP should include description of project objectives, components, identification of the project impact area, objectives and scope of the RP, description of policies and regulations, project impacts, alternatives considered to avoid or minimize resettlement; and mechanisms established to minimize resettlement, socio-economic characteristics, stakeholder consultation, eligibility criteria and entitlement policy matrix, institutional arrangements, grievance mechanism GM, monitoring and evaluation, Timetable and budget. Labor Management Rehabilitation works will Rehabilitation of Stations Procedures involve labor. The labor management procedures cover working conditions and management of worker relationships including code of conduct, terms and conditions of employment for all types of workers involved in the project, measures for protecting the work force Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 217 Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies including prevention of child and forced labor, defines grievance mechanism for workers, assesses potential risks, defines policies and procedures and measures to manage occupational health and safety risks (e.g., Good Practice Guidelines), state guidelines on child labor and GBV prevention, special training plan beyond regular OHS practices such as use of PPE etc. Emergency response plans Applicable to construction Rehabilitation of Stations specific to prevention of and operation of train COVID-19 transmission stations, where large agglomeration of people can occur. Plan should include prevention measures such as social distancing, provision of personal protection equipment including masks (N95 and regular medical masks), gloves, face shields, antibacterial soap and gel, thermometers, response strategy such as contact tracing, Safety Culture Assessment For activities where safety IT Infrastructure is relevant, entirety of Rehabilitation of Stations component 2. A safety Safety First Culture at ENR culture assessment is needed to identify areas for improvement within ENR to help improve safety performance relevant to operations and Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 218 Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies management of train stations, in particular where safety issues may arise (e.g., gender safety concerns). The assessment should address the following: safety leadership, risk awareness beyond incident reports, presence of interrogative culture, communication strategy transparency, level of integration of safety awareness across ENR, awareness of gender specific issues, local cultural and behavioral dimension on safety Public awareness Targeting safety from the Rehabilitation of Stations initiatives and campaigns user side. Public education Safety First Culture at ENR on safety on safety is essential to reduce accidents and incidents and improve safety. Communication methods may include on- site awareness booths, distribution of brochure, signage, and digital platforms. Public awareness campaigns and initiatives topics should include at a minimum: practicing safety at crossings, trespassing dangers, general safety in railroad surrounding, prevention of sexual harassment on public transit, awareness on needs of people having limited mobility (disabled, pregnant, seniors), Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 219 Environmental and Social Description of scope, Relevant Project Sub- instrument, sub- objectives, and Component management plans, and applicability other studies prevention of COVID-19 measures Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 220 PART 4: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT FOR RISE COMPONENTS Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 221 9 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT The Stakeholder Engagement chapter aims at highlighting the key consultation and community engagement activities conducted and their outcomes. In addition to the procedures that must be taken into consideration when preparing the stakeholder engagement plan (SEP). The stakeholder engagement activities were conducted with reference to ESS10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure.13 Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work teams recorded the different reactions of the community and the governmental stakeholders towards the proposed project. Public consultation activities have been implemented during the preparation of the site- specific studies. The public consultation activities scheduled are the following: - Consultation activities were conducted in October 2020 - A public consultation session conducted on 19th November 2020 Accordingly, this chapter describes the stakeholder engagement and consultation activities that have been undertaken in the current stage and which informed the ESA and ESMF preparation. For those planned for the future they are listed in more detailed in the SEP. It aims to focus on key stakeholder interactions and on the analysis of their outcomes. Consultation Objectives Objectives of various consultation activities are summarized as follows: ▪ Define potential project stakeholders and suggest their possible project roles; ▪ Disseminate comprehensive information about the project to enable stakeholders to identify their concerns, needs, and recommendations; ▪ Listen to their comments, ideas and concerns and recording the same for follow up; ▪ Document stakeholder feedback and enhance the ESIA accordingly; ▪ Identify the most effective outreach channels that support continuous dialogue with the community; ▪ Avoid any misconceptions about the project and properly manage expectations; ▪ Discuss potential resettlement plans and impacts of involuntary resettlement. As a result, the key principles of effective engagement that guide stakeholder consultations and SEP include: • Ensuring that all interactions are free of intimidation or coercion. • Providing meaningful information in a format and language that is understandable and tailored to the needs of the target stakeholder group(s). 13 http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social-Framework.pdf Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 222 • Being inclusive in the representation of views, i.e. including different ages, genders, and incorporating vulnerable and/or minority groups. • Respecting local traditions in the decision-making processes. • Information should be easily accessible for stakeholders and be culturally appropriate; to allow the effective participation of those identified as minorities, disadvantaged or vulnerable groups. To ensure that appropriate project information on environmental and social risks and impacts is disclosed to stakeholders in a timely, understandable, accessible and appropriate manner and format. Stakeholder Identification The first step in the process of stakeholder engagement is stakeholder identification; that is, determining who the project stakeholders are and what they should be grouped under. According to the World Bank’s Standard 10, a stakeholder refers to “individuals or groups who: (a) are affected or likely to be affected by the project (project-affected parties); and (b) may have an interest in the project (other interested pa rties)”. Most importantly, identifying stakeholder representatives is key to carrying out consultations seamlessly. These representatives do not only inform the project with their valuable information, but they also serve as a communication channel to disseminate information to large numbers of stakeholders and receive information from them. The following table includes a preliminary identification of stakeholders. The project SEP will include a final identification of all stakeholders: Table 9-1- Detailed list of stakeholders Categories Stakeholder Groups Role Project affected parties Potential Affected Residents and commercial • Residents are more likely to be Communities activities in the adversely affected by communities within environmental and social project area impacts. For example, due to traffic during construction and Local communities near other impacts relating to to the rehabilitation of community health and safety. MTB, as it is the main construction site. • Residents of local communities will also potentially benefit from Communities near the job opportunities or other main crossings. positive economic outcomes, particularly, from safe crossings. People affected by the construction of STB and access roads, as well as Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 223 trenching work (land related impact). • Train users are more likely to be Train users adversely affected by social impacts. For example, due to delays in trains. • Women living in neighboring areas to the construction sites may be differently affected by the project if safety and security Women, including Female concerns/mitigation measures Train Users are not considered. Moreover, if safety issues are not considered in the stations female rail users may not benefit as much from the project. • If accessibility concerns are not Persons with disabilities included in the stations, persons with disabilities may not benefit from the project. • In some cases, land user/tenants use the right of way of the railway corridor against a Land users and land monthly fee. Some of those land tenants along the right of users are paying monthly fee way of the railway while the initial contract is not corridor under their name but the name of a parent. In many cases, this arrangement has been ongoing for decades and this is their only source of livelihood. Vulnerable groups • Vulnerable groups may likely be adversely affected by environmental and social impacts, while also being least likely to benefit from the project. The vulnerable groups here include persons with disabilities, women, including female rail users, street vendor and service providers at stations, land users of the right of way of the rail corridor. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 224 Other Interested Parties Environmental Sector Ministry of Environment - • Responsible for developing Egyptian Environmental public policies related to the Affairs Agency (EEAA) protection of environment and improving its quality. In addition, it is responsible for issuing regulations for environmental determinants and monitoring their implementation. • Responsible for reviewing and approving EIA, and monitoring implementation of the Environmental Management Plan. Environmental Office • Responsible for monitoring within the Governorates compliance to environmental requirements. Ministry of Finance • They are to cooperate with the WB in financing the project Line ministries • Responsible for directing the Ministry of International dealings with donors for Cooperation development projects in the government sector. Local Governmental Governorates (Qena, • The main role of the governorate Entities Sohag, Assiut, Minya, Beni is supporting the project by Sueif, Giza, Cairo, providing the various permits Qalyoubia, Menoufia, required, and infrastructure Gharbia, Beheira, maps, if needed. Alexandria) Local units in the • The main role of the district Governorates authority is the provision of support to the project through mobilizing people to gain information about the project. • Permits for the lands needed for should be prepared by the governorate and approved by the LGU. • Rehabilitation of roads, which is one of the major issues raised by Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 225 the community, will be performed by the LGU. Project Owner Egyptian National • Implementing agency overseeing Railways activities of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ENR) Ministry of Transport • ENR is affiliated to the Ministry of Transport; Other Governmental General Authority for • Responsible for permitting Entities Roads, Bridges and Land related to any road work for the Transport Project (e.g., road cutting) Ministry of Irrigation • The Ministry of Irrigation, along with ENR, share some parts of the RoW in terms of canals and drains. They should be involved in coordinating construction of the duplication. Ministry of Awqaf • The Ministry is responsible for Islamic houses of worship in Egypt. Coordinate with the Ministry in the case of demolition of mosques and the establishment of other alternatives during expansion works at the stations. Agricultural Directorates • Is responsible for determining in the Governorates the prices of agricultural crops and trees. Coordinate with the Ministry in the case of compensation for any agricultural lands. The National Council for • Cooperating with the ENR in Women managing awareness campaigns against harassment (Safe Rail Campaign ‫)حملة السكة امان‬ Civil Society Local NGOs in the • They are responsible for sharing regional and headquarter information with the levels, as well as the local community, in practical terms, Community Development the safe crossing Associations (CDAs) • Organizations with direct interest in the project and which may have useful data or insight Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 226 (The New Woman into local issues of relevance to Foundation, women the project. These organizations development association( can also influence the views of Grassroots Community- others regarding the project, Based Organizations nationally and internationally. (CBOs) • Responsible of sharing information with the community • In the case of this project it may be useful to engage specifically with NGOs and CDAs focusing and women related issues as well as persons with disabilities. Media • The press • Disclosure of information about • Printed journalism the project. • Online journalism • Publicize awareness raising campaigns Suppliers and Traders Private companies • Mainly potential tenderers for the construction works. Traders (small-scale • Provide construction materials. stores) (unofficial • Provide fuels to cars and suppliers) machineries. • Provide workers with food and amenities. • Existing contractors on • Civil subcontractor sites under Contractors • Modernization of signaling construction (related power supply/ • Future contractors not telecommunications) yet identified International Financial Institutions, Development World Bank WB • Provide financing and technical partners assistance Consultation Methodology and Activities In terms of methodology, the consultation activities were conducted through the following methods: - Scoping Consultation Activities in October 2020 - A Public consultation session conducted on 19th November 2020 with concerned authorities and project stakeholder. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 227 Engagement during Project Preparation: Scoping Consultation Activities The Consultant carried out stakeholder engagement activities in October 2020, through the following methods: Interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with: - Railway users on different lines in all stations visited during the site visits - Community members and shop owners surrounding the project area. - Railway workers at different stations - Contractors The study team conducted multiple site visits to the project area. In addition, field observations were organized at project activities points to define various stakeholders, and the potential impacts of the project. The aim of the consultation activities was to receive feedback from railway users and local communities about the project as well as concerns, requirements, and recommendations. Table 9-2: Summary of the consultation activities that were conducted in project area Number Stakeholders Method Males Females FGDs/ Railway users 12 39 Interviews Residents in the surrounding project areas 6 8 Interviews Interviews / Railway workers 13 2 FGDs Contractors engineers 9 - Group meeting Total 40 49 The following table presents all stakeholder engagement activities conducted by the Consultant and the key outcomes obtained. Table 9-3: Key comments and concerns raised during the consultations Stakeholder Key Outcomes Railway users Railway users, both males and females, explained that the train is a major means of transportation for them. Despite the difficulties they sometimes face in getting on the train, it is the most appropriate means of transportation for them, due to: - The cost of the train ticket is low and suitable for a large number of individuals; School and university students, the elderly, women selling in the markets. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 228 - Some indicated that the train is suitable as a means of family transportation, given the average cost of transportation for all family members, - Many girls explained that the train is a safe means of transportation for them, as they can sit on the train without being harassed, as it happens in the microbus or the bus. Train stations also provide spacious and comfortable waiting area for them. Railway users suffer from major problems, foremost of which are: - Frequent delay in train times, which sometimes reaches an hour and a half, in some cases; this force them to take another high-cost means of transportation. - During peak hours the train is very crowded and the rush to ride the train becomes a danger, especially for the elderly and women; which makes them wait for another train to avoid the overcrowding. - Some women explained that crowded situations create an unsafe environment for them, whether they are at risk of being harassed or at risk of being robbed. Although they have never been robbed before. - Some male and female passengers indicated that many of the stations do not have suitable facilities (toilets) for use and in some cases, they are closed. - Train users wish to improve the level of service and regularity of the train at the specified times, so that the service becomes excellent. Residents in the Many surrounding residents explained that the train does not represent surrounding any inconvenience to them as it is part of their daily life, and the train project areas stations in some areas represent a crossing point from one area to another. The shops near the train stations are among the best choices, due to their presence in vital areas. Trains for neighbouring communities represent a major means of transportation, even for schoolchildren. None of the residents or shop owners expressed facing any disturbance from the workers at the construction sites. On the contrary, they emphasized the commercial popularity of the restaurants and cafes in the area. Railway Workers None of the station workers expressed facing any problems or reported incidents of harassment. Rather, they emphasized that the stations are Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 229 quiet and clean areas that suffer only from a lack of facilities due to it is old and worn out, and lack of regular maintenance. FGDs with females railway users FGDs with males railway users Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 230 Interviews with shop owners in one of the project sites Interview with railway workers Figure 9-1 photos of some meetings with the project stakeholders Public Consultation Session In view of the current conditions of the spread of the Corona virus and the commitment to social distancing, the public consultation session was held on November 19 th through a video conference using the Zoom program, to ensure easy and safe participation from home or workplace. It was a fruitful experience as about 40 participants attended and the following table shows the distribution of participants according to their affiliation. Table 10-15 IV shows the registered attendees and their affiliations. Table 9-4 Distribution of attendees according to their affiliation Distribution of participants according to their affiliation Number Percentage (%) Administrative officials from governorate level (ENR, MoT, 11 27% National Authority for Tunnels, ...) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 231 Private Sector (contractors, companies…) 7 18% Consultants and experts 6 15% World Bank and multilateral organizations (EBRD) 4 10% Civil Society 6 15% Universities and Researchers 6 15% Total 40 100 The invitees were informed of the date and method of holding the general consultative session one week prior to the meeting date through the invitation by both email and fax as shown in Annex IV: Public Consultation List of invitees and attendees Table 10-14, and follow up through the phone to confirm attendance afterwards. The aim of the session is to present the results of the ESA, overview of the RF and SEP, with a focus on the environmental and social impacts resulting from the project, methods of mitigating negative impacts, maximizing the benefit from the positive effects, ensuring that the parties involved are satisfied and informed with the measures to reduce environmental impacts and management plan, and targeting stakeholders from different sectors concerned with railways safety and projects. In addition, this consultation session represents one of the main activities according to the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) that has been prepared for the project; this plan was developed to enable the participation of all parties and to ensure the implementation of the project and its activities in a participatory and inclusive manner, in ways that reduce potential environmental and social risks. The following topics were presented during the public consultation session:  Introduction about the project  Objective of the project  Project partners  Project description  Environmental and social laws applicable to the project (local and Wb standards) • Description of the environmental and social baseline • Project's environmental and social impact assessment results • Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan • Resettlement Framework methodology • Stakeholder Engagement Plan Most of the attendees actively participated in the session and came up with fruitful ideas for discussion. The figure below shows screenshot of the meeting. Table 9-5 provides a summary of the main comments and concerns raised during the session. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 232 Figure 9-2 A screenshot during the public consultation session Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project (RISE) for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 233 Table 9-5 Key questions and comments raised during the public consultation session Participant/ Reflection in the Questions/Remarks Response or approach in ESMF affiliation Study 1. Egyptian National Railways has numerous Dr Amr Osama Abdelaziz clarifies the scope of the Outside the scope old semaphores (signaling towers at crossings) project and that it is mainly concerned with the of ESA and conductor buildings that date back to more signaling modernization and crossings works in than 100 years and should be registered/listed as Component 1, and Component 2 is regarding stations architectural cultural heritage buildings. The rehabilitation and asset management system. history of visual identity and architectural In reply to points 1-5: these activities although they memory should be added as a contribution to are important, but are currently are not part of the Egyptian National Railways museum, this aspect project scope. However, these suggestions may be Walid should be included as one of the social impacts. studied and included in the activities scope later on Mansour, 2. One of the cultural heritage aspects is the at the detailed design stage of component 2, since Program ancient Arabic font used to write station names the activities are not defined yet, Manager signs, which is Khedewy font that should be In reply to point 6: the fuel type is out of the project Climate and preserved and well-kept or moved to the scope since the project is concerned with signaling Energy - museum. The stations and trains’ names are works and crossings or stations, therefore renewing Friedrich emphasizing on payment levels/tickets (VIP, the train cars is not part of the project. Ebert economy…etc) rather than names relevant to the In reply to point 7: the project activities are not going Stiftung country and heritage, and their names should be to impact agricultural lands since it is just changed. modernizing and upgrading signaling system along 3. Also, the visual identity of the stations is existing railway lines not new lines, and all activities not well managed, and doesn’t have any relation are done within ENR right of way. to the culture of the city where the station is. It should be considered from the design stage and the cultural characteristics of the governorate should be connected visually to the physical design. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 234 4. Tickets: there’s a problem in the current ticketing system whether it’s through the internet or the tickets booth in the station. Only a small percentage of the tickets is available online through ENR website while the train car is half empty in reality, while there is a contractor who buys and sells tickets next to the railway station, making room for the black market. So, there’s a crucial need to develop a ticketing system that handles all these problems and facilitates user experience. 5. Suggestion for sound environmental management on the train: adopting a plastic free initiative, since it is possible through different ways by incentives and policies for vendors and food items, and enabled through the Waste law that was recently published by Ministry of Environment. 6. Will the type of fuel used in trains be changed from diesel, to eliminate negative environmental impacts associated with it? 7. Impact on agricultural lands: what will be done if any agricultural land is impacted by the project activities? Emadeldin 1. The number of people consulted during the Reflected in SEP - Point 1, Dr Amr Osama: the stakeholders Adly, project preparation is not enough to engagement plan (SEP) prepared for the project, will Director of inform stakeholders of the project scope. include and define many consultations during and the Arab after the project implementation with all concerned office for Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 235 Youth and There needs to be more engagement of stakeholder groups. This plan will be drafted and Environment the stakeholders disclosed publicly through different platforms. New Waste Law 2. What are the roles of the environmental - Point 2, Dr Amr Osama: Concerning the waste, it is 202/2020 affairs directorate (EAD) in the Egyptian a complex problem arising from individual’s mentioned in National Railways Authority, are their roles behavior, and not related to the ENR management Chapter 3 Legal well defined Are they concerned with itself. However, the recently published waste law will Framework have a major impact on the system and improve the waste management along the lines, and management of the waste problem all over Egypt. what is their plan regarding that aspect, - Point 3: these suggestions might be included and Outside the scope since the waste problem is increasing and considered in later stages related to Component 2 of ESA it affects the visuals alongside the moving - In reply to Point 2, Dr Mahmoud Kamar (ENR): The trains? Environmental Affairs department (EAD) in the ENR 3. Is there going to be involvement and authority is a new department developed since 2011 consultation with different entities and its establishment began with World Bank concerned with cultural heritage, projects for a specific purpose, which is to study the environmental management in terms of impact of financed projects on the environmental the stations rehabilitation and their shapes and social conditions, through the environmental to work on the visual identity and and social management plan for each project, environmental footprint? including its activities, impacts and mitigation 4. What is the used technology in the measures. The EAD monitors the extent to which these measures are implemented in the ENR funded signaling modernization? And have other projects, and new members/specialists are added to alternatives been studies and analyzed the department when needed and they work in regarding other available technologies, and accordance with the requirements and laws. their efficiency in reducing train accidents? As for environmental management at the level of the ENR authority as a whole, a year and a half ago, work began on an environmental management system for all the activities of the authority and was applied to the workshops as a start, but the number available in Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 236 environmental management is not sufficient to follow the activities and implementation of the railway authority’s plans, but it is barely sufficient to follow-up and management of currently funded projects. - Point 4, Dr Mahmoud Kamar: the different Reflected in technologies for signaling modernization were project considered and studied by specialized technical alternatives team, however, the main objective was to achieve overall safety and improve operational capacity and travel time. 1- The number of participants in the session is not 1- The public consultation session was conducted Details on big enough for such a big project probably due online due to the current protective measures stakeholder to conducting an online presentation, why is stipulated by the World bank for social distancing activities included the session conducted through Zoom not during the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, but as within SEP physical consultation session? mentioned above the stakeholders’ engagement 2- The alternatives presented for the project plan (SEP) prepared for the project, will include and didn’t include running the trains by electricity, define many consultations during and after the Magdy isn’t there a future plan for Railway project implementation with all concerned Madany, electrification? stakeholder groups. This plan will be drafted and National disclosed publicly through different platforms. Outside the scope Authority 2- Dr Amr Osama: the current project is concerned of ESA for Tunnels with modernizing signaling and level crossings only to improve safety which is not related to the power used to run the trains. The fuel used to run the trains (electricity or fossil fuels) is out of scope of the current project. Dr Mahmoud Kamar added that currently there’s no plan to change the fuel used for existing railway Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 237 lines, they run on diesel, but there are environmental measures implemented (such as purchasing modern, efficient engines) to improve their efficiency and minimize their environmental impacts (air emissions). 1- For technical clarification, the current project is - In reply to point 2, Dr Anan: The compensation Included within concerned with modernization of signaling process is carried out by means of the World Bank the Resettlement system along the railway corridor, while the regulations, which include all groups, whether they Framework railway electrification is a different scope that have a legal right or status (contract, ownership,…) document requires investments, strategic planning, and or not (without a legal right or a lease contract, but a wireless networks and this is not included in the customary right) or without any customary right, and current project. Upgrading the current signaling each case is studied separately to determine the Abdelmegui system is important provided that it is well appropriate compensation for it. d Refaat, maintained and preserved. - In reply to point 3, Dr Amr Osama: the timeline of Professor at 2- Regarding resettlement, if there were cases of project completion is out of ESA scope since it is out Railway encroachment on the ENR authority’s property of the consultant’s control. Engineering or land, do they have the right for resettlement However, Eng. Basma Sobhi and Eng. Mahmoud department, or compensation? Or in this case resettlement Hanafy clarified some points regarding project Cairo is a legalization of wrong situation? timeline as follows. Included in ESA, University 3- Why is there a severe delay in the The current project segments: Cairo/Benha, Chapter 2: Project implementation of these projects and there is Alexandria/Arab Elraml, and Beni Suef/Assiut lines description still more than 50% left to implement some are expected to be completed by 2021, and phases? Is this delay included in the study? Assiut/Nag Hammadi line is expected to be completed by 2022. As for the new segment under RISE (Cairo/Giza/Beni Suef) the project completion documents, bidding process and proposals might be done within 10 months to start commencing the project activities. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 238 Dr Anan Mohamed, in reply to all points: Included within Indeed, both ministry of agriculture and ministry of SEP document 1- Ministry of agriculture and Ministry of environment are included within the SEP scope as Environment need to be involved in key stakeholders for the project, since they are very consultations, since they are concerned with essential for the project and many lands are most of the works since the railway crosses intersecting between ministry of agriculture and ENR many agricultural lands, and affects several properties, therefore collaboration and coordination environmental aspects. between both entities is important, which makes it a 2- The elected councils are important to be key stakeholder to be considered. consulted and engaged with as stakeholders All mentioned stakeholders are included within the (Parliament and Senate councils). SEP developed for the project, and they are Emadeldin 3- Youth and Women are two key stakeholder identified within the project. Some consultations Adly groups to be included within the scope of SEP. with women, surrounding community have already 4- If all the organizations and civil society groups been conducted, and future stakeholder activities are hard to reach, it is still important to involve are planned for all key groups to ensure the project some of them and make sure all disclosure and clarity. identified/concerned parties are present and All information on the project will be disclosed involved in all stakeholder activities. publicly and made available online, as well as 5- Media presence and coverage is important and consultation sessions/ engagement activities with an asset to the project success, as well as different groups and concerned parties on fixed project information availability through easy durations for creating more transparency and and accessible platforms and means. ensuring all stakeholders needs and concerns are addressed. 1- These suggestions all have positive addition to Considerations to Safaa Habib, 1- Providing solutions to any problems gender-based surrounding trains and not allowing chaos and the project, and they might be considered for National violence and street vendors in train stations and on the interventions planned for component 2. Council for accessibility train, but it is better to implement safe and However, nothing is decided yet since component Women issues included organized markets for them to organize the 2 is still in the planning phase. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 239 sale and purchase process in a safe, 2- During project consultations with women in within ESA in sophisticated and better available way for all different train stations, most of the passengers ESMF Chapter parties. observed were women, and when asked if they 2- Also, a separate train car for women might be would prefer a separate car for them, they all a good alternative for women safety on trains. mentioned that one car would not be enough for 3- People with special needs or disabilities: Will them, and it would actually be unfair to women any considerations be made for them in the aboard trains, since their cars would be project and the ongoing development in terms overcrowded and less convenient. of properly equipping roads, platforms, train 3- The accessibility concerns and safety for people cars, and providing wheelchairs and ramps? As with disabilities and women are main objectives it is an issue that is deeply intertwined with the of component 2, however specific interventions issue of women in general; the National have not been planned or decided yet. But all the Council for Women received many complaints safety concerns and accessibility issues will be from mothers of children with special needs included and detailed under component 2. due to the difficulty of them using public 4- The awareness component and suggestions are transport. Since 23% of Egyptian families are important; however, it is out of the project scope, led by a woman and this number is increasing, but the stakeholder engagement plan will take and in addition, 75% of children with special place during all project phases, therefore some of needs come from a single mother household, these initiatives might be implemented under the so this issue is of a high concern to the council SEP. and to the society in general. 4- There needs to be a solid awareness/capacity building program (through knock on doors campaigns, awareness messages on tickets on different issues) to raise people awareness on railway assets, safety, waste recycling and environment and the importance of maintaining the train assets in a well condition. Also, training and capacity building for ENR Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 240 workers in stations (such as conductors or cleaning staff) regarding gender-based violence, safety concerns on trains and stations, to raise their awareness and increase their responsibility towards the railway assets and users. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 241 Grievance Mechanism (GM) Objectives The objective of a grievance procedure is to ensure that all comments and complaints from any project stakeholder are considered and addressed in an appropriate and timely manner. Both ENR and contractors must be committed to avoiding, reducing, limiting and, if necessary, remedying any adverse impacts caused by their activities on local populations and on their social and physical environment. One of the tools for identifying, preventing and managing unanticipated impacts is a Grievance Mechanism (GM). The project will use the project GM (section 9.5.2) that was established as part of ENRRP and linkages to the institutional-level GM of ENR (section 9.5.3) will be established as per the ESCP. Moreover, the project has a separate GM that handles project workers complaints and grievances, including civil servants assigned to the project. The GM for project workers is outlined in the project’s Labor Management Procedures (LMP). The project level GM Under ENRRP, the project developed a mechanism for handling project- level complaints and grievances with the aim of ensuring that project related complaints are addressed in a timely and transparent manner. The project GM is designed to accept grievances from all project stakeholders. Grievance Channels at the project level • Complaint boxes at the entrance of the construction site, with a complaints form (Annex VI Complaints form that was developed for the project(; • Submit an oral complaint to the site manager or contractor official • Two Phone number: The complaint can be submitted via a phone call from the complaints number (written on the project identification board at the entrance to the construction site). There are two numbers for submitting complaints: - Contractor's official, and it changes from one site to another. - ENR official (from ENR EAD). Grievances are documented through the grievance log, which is designed for this project to ensure documentation and follow-up (see Annex VII Grievance Log). Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 242 The contractor is responsible for receiving, following up and resolving complaints, and ENR is responsible for monitoring. However, during ENRRP implementation, no complaints have been recorded. Current GM Central/ Institution level utilized by ENR In the meantime, ENR has a complaints system for passengers and the public. The management and operation of this institutional level GM are the responsibility of the Complaints and Customer Service Directorate, which is affiliated to the Presidential Affairs Central Directorate. ENR’s institutional GM is accessible to project beneficiaries and stakeholders so it is possible that project related complaints are submitted through the institutional channels. Therefore, linkages between the project GM and the institutional GM of ENR will be established as per the ESCP. Grievance Channels at the central level Complaints could be submitted by multiple intake points, including submission by hand, telephone, or by email. Below are the main channels for complaints: • Complaint boxes in all railway stations; • An email address linked to the ENR website (support@enr.gov.eg); • A landline on the ENR website (+2 02 25748279); • A digital complaint form linked to the website of the Ministry of Transport, • Two telephone lines (01274422925 - 0225753555), and • A hotline (15047). Through those channels, ENR receives about 1-5 complaints per day, and about 70-80 complaints per month. For the period of September to November 2020, the GM has registered 203 complaints. Complaints are followed up until closure of the complaint. For each of those channels, employees are working to receive complaints, record them and transfer them to the competent departments.. Further assessment of ENR’s GM will be required. Further assessment of the functionality of the GM is required, as per the ESCP. Grievances’ Tiers Compositio n Various tiers of grievances should be adopted by the ENR. The petitioner can target his/her complaint to one or more tiers at the same time. Following are the proposed tiers of grievances: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 243 • Tier 1: Contractor and/or site engineer during construction and station Manager during operation at the local level; Grievances in this tier are handled at the project level by the contractor and the environmental department of ENR, which directs the contractor to the used mechanism, as well as monitoring and monitoring; • Tier 2: The Social Specialist at Headquarters in Cairo; • Tier 3: Through the Ministry of Transport website • All complaints are anticipated to be solved on the site level; however, for those who want to escalate their complaint to a higher level, will also be able to do so as indicated above. Moreover, complainants will also be able to resort to the court, if they desire. One of the project’s functions is to provide aggrieved people with an avenue for amicable settlement without necessarily having to pursue a court case. The aggrieved person has to receive the response to his/her complaint within 10 days. If the grievance mechanism, was not properly re-solved, the aggrieved persons are entitled to raise their complaint to higher level. The following paragraphs describe a grievance mechanism that is consistent with previous levels and ESS10 Bank requirements Grievance Cycle As part of the RISE implementation, project-level grievances will follow the following cycle. Complainants have the full right to submit their grievance to any of the project-level as well as institutional level channels. While the institutional GM (described below) has not been used by the project yet, linkages will be established, as per the ESCP. Figure 9-3: Grievance cycle and responsibility Response to Grievances A best practice standard is to acknowledge receipt of complaints within 2 calendar days and to respond complaints, within a maximum of 10 working days. This is also applicable for cases that do not need any corrective action. For complaints that will be resolved in a longer period due to their complexity, the following steps will be considered: - The aggrieved person has to be informed of the proposed corrective measure within a maximum of 10 days. - Implementation of the corrective measure and its follow up have to be communicated to the complainant and recorded in the grievance register. Response will be made either verbally or in writing, in accordance with the preferred method of communication specified by the complainant. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 244 All comments and complaints will be responded to either verbally or in writing, in accordance with the preferred method of communication specified by the complainant. Comments will be reviewed and taken into account in the project preparation; however, they may not receive an individual response (unless it is required).Complainant, through the use of the complaint tracking number, can follow up on their complaints through a range of methods including postal mail, e-mail, phone, customer service, and/or project location. Registration of Complaints The project management will keep a grievance log and grievances and communications received by the PMU Social Specialist will be registered and appropriate documentation of the process will be kept. Proper administration and internal records of stakeholder complaints and communications are essential for transparency and quality of ENR responsiveness and reporting to stakeholders on the resolution of grievances. Comments will be reviewed and taken into account in the project preparation. Report on grievance management will be included as part of the quarter project progress reports and annual grievance management reports will also be prepared. Confidentiality Individuals who submit their comments or grievances have the right to request anonymity, although this may render the Social Specialist unable to provide feedback on how the grievance is to be addressed. Confidentiality should be declared during the process of disseminating GM information. The aggrieved person can stay anonymous but still reachable by phone number or any channel of communication preferred. Management of GM During construction and operation phases, grievances in relation to construction activities will be managed by the social specialist of the PMU. With regard to complaints submitted through the Institution level channels, direct communication will take place with the social specialist of the PMU. Monitoring of Grievances All grievances should be monitored by the ENR in order to verify the process. Monitoring will be carried out for the following indicators: 1. Number of monthly received grievances (disaggregated by channel, gender, age); Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 245 2. Number of grievances resolved; 3. Number of unresolved complaints; 4. Timeframe for resolving complaints; 5. Number and type of dissemination activities implemented; 6. Number of complainants responded in a satisfactory manner; 7. Timeframe for responding to complaints; 8. Dissemination activities implemented; 9. Level of satisfaction with solutions; 10. Documentation efficiency. Quarterly Grievance Monitoring Report should be developed to keep track of all grievances submitted. The quarterly reports should include an analysis for the above-mentioned indicators. Moreover, main findings and analyses should be documented in annual report that will be disclosed as detailed in section 9.5.5.6 The report should be developed by the Monitoring and Evaluation staff at ENR headquarters. Disclosure of grievances Grievance channels should be disclosed as well as an annual report analyzing the received complaints should be prepared. The annual report will include as indicated previously the above- mentioned indicators. Moreover, any disclosed grievances will be kept anonymous and/or only the annual report will be disclosed. GBV Grievance mechanism The ENR, in cooperation with the National Council for Women, launched the (Railway Safety ‫السكة‬ ‫ )اماااان‬campaign on December 1, 2020, which is a campaign to develop awareness against harassment and encourage individuals who use railway services to submit their complaints through the ENR's hotline (15047). The campaign was announced on the official website of the Ministry of Transport on December 2nd. The campaign operates in eight stations (that are not part of the RISE project) for a period of two weeks. Before launching the campaign, a survey was conducted on a sample of train passengers to receive feedback on usage of the hotline to submit a GBV related complaint, and another evaluation survey will be conducted at the end of the campaign, to know their feedback on the campaign. Submitted complaints are recorded 1) through customer services who will register the details in a form that was specially prepared for the campaign, and 2) a form designed for complainants to register the details themselves. A limited number of employees work in the ENR customer service (four female employees work from 8 am until 3pm, and then only one employee work from 3pm until 8 am the next morning). Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 246 In addition, transportation inspectors are present in trains and station entrances to respond to passenger’s complaints. ENR officials also explained that the devices customer service use to receive complaints only enable them to receive one call at a time. This enables them to track all complaints to resolve the complaint or take the necessary measures in a timely manner. Therefore, the role of the customer service staff is limited to: a) Receive contact b) Record the complaint in Form c) Direct the complainant to another party represented by the station or police overseer available in the stations or the train to take the necessary measures and deal with the complaint. For the RISE project, this campaign information will be made available at the project sites. However, further developments are needed to handle GBV complaints, as per ESS 4. Once lessons learned arise from the implementation of the campaign, the project will also take them into consideration as needed and as feasible. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 247 10 CONCLUSION The current ESA draws several conclusions which focus on the significant negative and positive impacts of implementation of proposed project. The project will improve the safety and operational efficiency on the entire railway line Alexandria – Cairo – Nag Hammadi. The main positive impacts resulting from Component 1 operation are: • Increased safety and reliability of the national railway service and, • Reducing trip time as a result of increased train travel speed and reducing operational delay. • Decrease (or nearly elimination) of train-related accidents, which either involve derailments of the trains, and train to vehicle accidents at road crossings; • Improvement of safety for rail transport will therefore benefit both women and men in terms of reduced injuries and fatalities; • The daily commuting time will be reduced for users of these lines as a result of the modernized railway system. This may attract more commuters to using the train rather than other modes of transportation, which will contribute to reducing car traffic congestion and air pollution resulting vehicular emission. While implementing Component 2 is going to achieve a holistic safety system, improve the safety of travelers via enhanced safety performance of railways, and improved infrastructure to address accessibility and safety concerns that affect women and people with disability disproportionately. On the other hand, the implementation of the proposed project will generate potential negative impacts. The impacts have been identified and observed to be moderate to high in significance. For these, appropriate mitigation measures have been identified and can be greatly minimized in the design phase and through good operational practice. All of the impacts identified can be reduced to acceptable levels as proposed in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. Considering the thorough analysis of collected data during the study, the following main points are concluded:  The project is vital for the improvement of the railway transportation system safety and efficiency.  The negative impacts can be eliminated and reduced by the proposed ESMP Based on the findings of the study, the Railway improvement and Safety for Egypt project (RISE) through its components will achieve overall safety of the railway system, as it will ensure train reliability, reduce operational delays, and increase customer satisfaction. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 248 ANNEX I: NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK The following is an explanation of the various national laws, regulations and framework related to environmental and social impact assessment studies. The Egyptian Environmental Law No.4 of Year 1994 The main legal framework for environmental issues is Law No. 4 of 1994 and amended by Law No. 9 of 2009 and Law 105 of 2015 and its implementing regulations amended by Resolution 1095 of 2011 and then Resolution 710 of 2012 and Resolution 964 of 2015 known as the Environmental Protection Law. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) was established by Prime Minister Decree No. 631 of 1982 to be the administrative body responsible for environmental affairs in Egypt. Law 4/1994 states that EEAA is the body responsible for environmental affairs. In accordance with Article 19 of Law 4 of 1994, the entity responsible for a particular project must undertake an environmental impact assessment study for any new project and for extensions and renovations of existing projects to assess the impacts of the project on the natural and social environment prior to project implementation. The results of this assessment are submitted for review by the EEAA before other government agencies issue licenses Project execution. The law considers the ESIA as a main condition for licensing and thus the project that does not prepare an ESIA or does not abide by the ESIA conditions could be subjected to its license revoke (Articles 10, 12 and 19 of the executive regulations of Law 4/1994, modified by the decree 1741/2005. The articles (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 34, 70, 71, and 73) of Law no. 4 of 1994 stipulate measures and procedures related to the preparation of the ESIA. These are further clarified by the provisions of articles no. (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 34, 57, 59, and 60) of the Executive Regulations issued by the Prime Minister's Decree No. 338 of 1995, modified by decree no 1741/2005. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is the governmental entity responsible for the management of environmental issues. The Egyptian law defines three main roles of EEAA: ▪ Organizing and coordinating most activities in addition to the executive role in the management of nature reserves and pilot projects ▪ The Authority is responsible for formulating the environmental management policy, developing the implementation plans necessary to preserve the environment, and following up its implementation in cooperation with the competent administrative authorities ▪ Reviewing and approving environmental and social impact assessment studies Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 249 The Environmental Management Unit at Governorate and District level (EMU) is responsible for the environmental performance of all projects/facilities within the governorate’s premises. The governorate has established environmental management units at both the governorate and city/district level. The EMU is responsible for the protection of the environment within the governorate boundaries and are mandated to undertake both environmental planning and operation-oriented activities. The environmental management unit is mandated to:  Follow-up on the environmental performance of the projects within the governorate during both construction and operation phases to ensure that the project abides by laws and regulations as well as mitigation measures included in its ESIA approval  Investigate any environmental complaint filed against projects within the governorate  The EMU are affiliated administratively to the governorate yet are technically affiliated to EEAA  The governorate has a solid waste management unit at the governorate and district level. The units are responsible for the supervision of solid waste management contracts The Competent Administrative Authority (CAA) is the entity responsible for issuing licenses for projects construction and operation. The ESIA is considered one of the requirements of licensing. The CAAs is thus responsible for receiving the ESIA forms of studies, check the information included in the documents concerning the location, suitability of the location to the project activity and ensure that the activity does not contradict with the surrounding activities and that the location does not contradict with the ministerial decrees related to the activity. The CAA forwards the documents to EEAA for review. They are the main interface with the project proponents in the ESIA system. The CAA is mandated to:  Provide technical assistance to Project Proponents  Ensure the approval of the Project Site  Receive ESIA Documents and forward it to EEAA  Follow-up the implementation of the ESIA requirements during post construction field investigation (before the operation license) After submission of the ESIA for review, the EEAA may request clarifications in the ESIA report within 30 days, including additional mitigation measures, before issuing the approval of the report. The project proponent will have the right to issue an appeal within 30 days from its receipt of the EEAA’s decision. It should be noted that once the ESIA has been approved, the ESMP as will be presented in the report, will be considered an integral part of the project; and the proponent will be legally responsible for the implementation of that plan, depending on their involvement in construction or operation. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 250 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) The EEAA issued, in 2009, sector-specific Guidelines for ESIA preparation. The objective of the guidelines is to:  Describe the objective of the ESIA process and its legal requirements  Identify the projects for which ESIAs are required  Indicate the criteria for classification and the different levels of assessment  Describe the requirements for ESIA of different categories  Describe the requirements for public consultation In accordance with these guidelines, the projects are classified according to four categories according to the severity of the potential environmental impacts and place of residence of the establishment and its proximity to the residential areas: Category (A): Projects with low environmental impacts, category (B): projects with potentially negative environmental impacts but less than category (C), category (B-Scoped): with substantial negative environmental impacts but less than category and category (C): projects with significant negative impacts and this category is required to prepare a full ESIA study. Based on these categories, the Modernizing the signaling system along the railway corridor Alexandria-Nag Hammadi is classified as scoped "B" defined by Egyptian requirements. The following procedures will be followed to fulfil the requirements of the study:  The developer/operator (ENR) shall submit a letter to the competent administrative authority or to the licensing authority explaining the nature and activity of the proposed project, which has been classified as a "scoped B" project. The developer will also attach three printed copies and one electronic copy of the ESIA study on the project in accordance with the General Principles and Guidelines by EEAA  The competent administrative authority (MoT) shall record the documents and verify whether the classification is correct and whether the information contained in the ESIA conforms to the information required in accordance with relevant sector guidelines  The competent administrative authority shall examine the documents and submit the application formally to the EEAA for review and evaluation  EEAA shall evaluate the documents and submit to the competent administrative authority its opinion and possible proposals for measures to be taken to ensure the protection of the environment within 30 days of the EEAA receiving the ESIA study. Failure to do so is considered as approval of the evaluation  EEAA records documents, proposals and records its opinion on ESIA Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 251  The competent administrative authority shall formally notify the developer (the project owner) of the result of the evaluation with a registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt The competent administrative authorities are responsible for receiving the study and reviewing the data contained therein regarding the site and its suitability to the nature of the project and its commitment to the ministerial decision on the activity and ensuring that the activity does not conflict with neighboring activities. Then the administrative entity is to send the study to the Environmental Affairs Agency for review. The administrative entity, which is responsible for dealing with the sponsors of the project, is charged with the following:  Provide technical support to project providers  Ensure the approval of the project site  Receive environmental and social impact assessment studies and send them to EEAA  Follow up the implementation of environmental and social impact requirements through field visits during the construction phase and before the operating license After the ESIA study is submitted for review, the EEAA may request amendments to the study within a period of 30 days, including additional mitigation measures, before the final approval of the report is issued. The applicant can submit an appeal within 30 days of obtaining the EEAA decision. Once the environmental and social impact assessment has been approved, the environmental and social monitoring plan presented in the report is considered an integral part of the project and the project-based company is committed to implementing this plan, depending on its involvement in the construction and operation phases. Environmental Register In accordance with Articles 22 and 23 of Law 4/1994, the developer/operator, as the owner of the project, will keep a written record of the impact of the project activity on the environment (environmental register) according to the model set forth in Annex 3 of the executive regulations of the law. Articles 17 and 18 of the Implementing Regulations that define the rules for the preparation of the environmental register as well as the time frame of the obligation of the entity to maintain it and the data to be entered therein. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 252  Emissions from or discharged from the facility  Safety procedures and environmental monitoring applied in the facility  Tests, periodic measurements, number of samples, timing and place of withdrawal, measurements, analysis and results  Appoint a person responsible for review and follow-up Environmental Protection Regulations for Air Pollution In accordance with the provisions of Articles 34 to 40, 42, 43 and 47 in Law 4/1994, amended by Law 9/2009, Article 42 and Annex 5 and 6 of the Implementing Regulations. Air Emissions The location of the project should be determined so that during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project, emissions in the area (including the proposed project) will not exceed the maximum allowable limits of ambient air pollutants as shown in Table 10-1 Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012). Table 10-1 Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) Maximum Limit Location Pollutant [µg/m3] Area 1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year Urban 300 125 50 Sulphur Dioxide Industrial 350 150 60 Urban 30 10 - - Carbon Monoxide Industrial mg/m3 mg/m3 - - Urban 300 - 150 60 Nitrogen Dioxide Industrial 300 - 150 80 Urban 180 120 - - Ozone Industrial 180 120 - - Urban - - 230 125 Total Suspended Particles (TSP) Industrial - - 230 125 Urban - - 150 70 Particulate Matter less than 10 µm (PM10) Industrial - - 150 70 Urban - - 80 50 Particulate Matter less than 25 µm (PM2.5) Industrial - - 80 50 Suspended Particles Measured as Black Urban - - 150 60 Smokes Industrial - - 150 60 Lead Urban - - - 0.5 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 253 Maximum Limit Location Pollutant [µg/m3] Area 1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year Industrial - - - 1.0 Urban - - 120 - Ammonia (NH3) Industrial - - 120 - Appendix (6) of the amended executive regulations includes the following decisions: 1095 for 2011, 710 for 2012 and 964 for the year 2015 on the permissible limits for emissions of air pollutants from different sources. Table 10-2 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel (Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) Before the year 2003 From 2003 to 2009 Year 2010 and later Hydrocarbons Pollutants CO% HC (ppm) CO% HC (ppm) CO% HC (ppm) Maximum 600 4 300 1.5 200 1.2 allowable Limit Measurements should be done at the idle speed from 600 to 900 rpm. Table 10-3 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table 24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) Manufacturing Year (model) Before the year 2003 From 2003 and later Smoke density factor K 2.8 2.65 (m-1) Measurements are done in accordance with the ISO-11614 international standard. According to Article 43 of the Law, the owner of an establishment is held to take all precautions and procedures necessary to prevent the leakage or emission of air pollutants inside the work premises except within the permissible limits as defined by the executive regulations of this Law, whether they result from the nature of the establishment activities or from malfunctioning equipment. Error! Reference source not found. provides the maximum (permissible) limits for air pollutants inside workplaces per industry types. Table 10-4 Maximum permissible limits for air pollutants SO2 H2S NOx CO CO2 Smoke Measurement parameter (unit) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (µg/m3) Max. Permissible Limit inside 2 10 3 25 5000 - the working environment Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 254 SO2 H2S NOx CO CO2 Smoke Measurement parameter (unit) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (µg/m3) Max. Permissible Limit in the 300 300 30 150 µg/m3 - - ambient air (1 hour) µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 (24-hour) Noise Article 42 of the environmental law states that during the construction and operation phases of the project, the resulting noise levels must not exceed the sound intensity levels given by Table 3 of Appendix 7 of the Executive Regulations when carrying out production, service or other activities, particularly when operating machinery and equipment or using sirens and loudspeakers. The table lists the maximum permissible noise level limits according to area type as per the following designation:  Sensitive areas to noise exposure  Residential suburbs with low traffic flow  Commercial and administrative areas in city center  Residential areas with some workshops, administrative activities, or recreational and entertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters  Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries  Industrial Zone with heavy industries The applicable maximum noise level for the project activities are shown in Table 10-5. Table 10-5 Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations, Table 3) MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL [dB(Aeq)] AREA TYPE Day Night 7 AM – 10 PM 10 PM – 7 AM Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 70 60 12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries Other Egyptian Environmental and Social Laws Applicable Egyptian environmental law covers many aspects, such as air quality, water quality, noise, solid waste management and occupational safety and health. Each of these aspects and permissible limits will be discussed according to their applicability to the project. The governing laws applicable to the scope of this evaluation are: Environmental framework: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 255 1. Law No. 4 of 1994 Amended by Law No. 9 of 2009 (Environment Law) and its amended Articles of Association amended by Resolution 1095 of 2011, Decree No. 710 of 2012, Decision of the Prime Minister No. 964 of 2015 and Decree No. 618 of 2017 2. Law No. 38 of 1967 (the Public Cleanliness Law) and its executive regulations issued by the Ministry of Housing dealing with solid waste 3. Law No. 202 of 2020 for solid waste management 4. Law No. 48 of year 1982 on the Nile River, waterways and its executive amendment 5. Law No. 93 of 1962 on industrial wastewater disposal on domestic wastewater network and its implementing regulations 6. Law No. 102 of 1983 regarding the nature reserves, and its complementary decrees in preservation of rare and endangered wild animals 7. Social framework: 2. Law No. 137 of 1981 (Labor Law) amended by Decree 12 of 2003 and known as the Unified Labor Law 3. Law No. 117 of 1983 Amended by Law No. 12 of 1991 for the Protection of Archaeological Areas and Cultural Heritage 4. The Egyptian Constitution has preserved the right of private property, Egyptian Constitution (1971, amended in year 1980) and Egyptian Constitution (2014, articles 33 and 35). The Egyptian Civil code 131/1948, articles 802-805 recognize private ownership right and stipulates that the owner of a certain property has the sole right of using and/or disposing his property. 5. Property expropriation for public benefit is indicated by Law No. 10 of year 1990 and its amendments by law No. 187/2020, No. 24 for the year 2018, and law No. 1 for the year 2015. All laws regulating land acquisition will be applied to this proj ect’s scope of work, In case that the project needs lands outside the ENR property. 6. Article 306 (a, b) of the Penal low 2018 provides the punishment for harassment, whether verbal or physical. 7. Labor Law No. 12/2003, workforce safety and assurance of the adequacy of the working environment should be addressed, and articles on child labor, labor regulations, workers' complaints, percentage of employment with disabilities, and female labor regulations. 8. EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public Consultation. Paragraph 6.4.3 of EEAA EIA guidelines provides detailed information about the scope of public consultation, methodology and documentation thereof. 9. Law no. 94/2003, Protection of communities Human Rights Law. The Law on Establishing the National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) aims to promote, ensure respect, set values, raise Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 256 awareness and ensure observance of human rights. At the forefront of these rights and freedoms are the right to life and security of individuals, freedom of belief and expression, the right to private property, the right to resort to courts of law, and the right to fair investigation and trial when charged with an offence. Public Cleanliness Law Number 38/1967 Law 38 for the year 1967 amended by law 31/1976 and its Executive Regulations issued by decree 134/1968 prohibit the dumping of solid wastes in any location other than those designated by the municipal authorities. This includes solid waste treatment and disposal, in addition to the temporary storage in undesignated containers. Article 1 of the Ministry of Housing and Utilities decree 134/1968 defines solid waste as any waste generated by persons, residential units, non- residential constructions such as commercial establishments, camps, animal cages, slaughterhouses, markets, public spaces, parks, and transportation methods. The Public Cleanliness Law and its Executive Regulations requires the municipal authority responsible for public cleanliness or the contracted entity assigned by it for the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid wastes, to carry out these processes in accordance with the specifications stipulated in the Executive Regulations and any other regulations by the municipal authority. Environmental Law 4/1994 In general, the law prohibits the disposal of any solid wastes except in areas designated for this purpose through article 37, and articles 38, 39 and 41 of the executive regulations which require that during excavation, construction or demolition activities, the entity undertaking the work must take the necessary precautions to safely store and transport the resulting wastes in accordance with the set procedure. Regarding the hazardous wastes, and in accordance with the provisions of articles 29 to 33 of law 4/1994 which is equivalent to law 9/2009 and articles 28, 31 and 33 of the executive regulations, the entity producing hazardous wastes in gaseous, liquid or solid form is committed to collect and transport the generated waste to designated disposal sites which are predetermined by the local authorities, the competent administrative authorities and the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency. The hazardous waste should be collected in specific locations with clear warning signs and oral or written instructions for safety conditions that prevent the occurrence of any damage generally or to people who get exposed to it. Additionally, the workers should be trained on proper handling procedure. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 257 The transportation vehicles used to transport hazardous waste should belong to licensed entities that manage hazardous waste and follows the guidelines included in the executive regulations. Water and Wastewater Management Regulations Industrial Wastewater Disposal Law 93/1962 The law prohibits the disposal of domestic, industrial and commercial wastewater, treated or untreated, in public drainage system without obtaining a prior approval. Article 14 of the executive regulations set the parameters required regarding the quality of the wastewater discharged to the public sewage network. Protection of Nile River Water Law 48/1982 The protection of the Nile River and water was law number 48 for the year 1982 defines the water ways to which this law is applicable as Fresh water and non-fresh water sources. The fresh water sources are the river Nile and its branches and bays, as well as the branches and canals of all sizes and the non-fresh water sources are: all types of open type drainages, lakes, ponds and enclosed water bodies and underground water reservoirs. The law states that for all the stated water ways, it is prohibited to dispose or dump any solid, liquid or gaseous waste from all residential, commercial and industrial activities as well as waste water unless an approval is obtained from the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation according to the regulations issued in this regard. Solid Waste Management Regulation No. 202 /2020 This law is issued very recently on 13th of October 2020, the executive regulations will be issued within 6 months and it will take time to in effect. Article (15): The generator or holder of waste may take all necessary and necessary measures related to the waste management hierarchy, in order to achieve the following: • Reducing waste generation • Promote reuse • Working to ensure recycling, treatment and final disposal of waste. • Waste management in a way that reduces harm to public health and the environment. • The executive regulations of this law specify the other measures that the generator or owner of waste must take. Article (16): The generator or holder of waste shall bear the cost of integrated waste management in a healthy and environmentally safe manner, as determined by the executive regulations of this law. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 258 Article (20): Open burning of residues is prohibited Article (31): The agency supervises the organization and planning of integrated municipal waste management processes and prepares forms for the terms and specifications for implementing integrated municipal waste management services, and the ministries and competent authorities should assist the agency in doing so. The New Urban Communities Authority shall provide the required financial resources to ensure the implementation of integrated management services for municipal waste in urban communities in accordance with the terms and specifications set by the agency, and are defined as contained in the executive regulations of this law. The competent administrative authority shall be the body responsible for the procedures of offering and contracting for the implementation of integrated municipal waste management services and monitoring the implementation of the contract, and the offering is carried out according to the terms and specifications booklets prepared by the agency. And the provision of integrated management services for municipal waste through the entities that contract with the competent administrative authority. In the event that the Prime Minister approves upon a request from the competent administrative authority and a proposal from the competent minister, the competent administrative authority may implement any of the services of integrated municipal waste management as stipulated in Article (22) of this law. Article (33):Ownership of municipal waste shall be vested in the competent administrative authority as soon as the owner has abandoned it in the places designated for this or once it is delivered to the persons authorized to do so, unless the contracts between the competent administrative authority and any other body to provide any of the integrated management services for municipal waste otherwise stipulate It is not permissible for the owner of municipal waste to abandon it or deliver it except in the designated places or to the persons authorized to do so. Article (34):The integrated waste management units of the municipality in the competent authority in the governorates, centers, cities, neighborhoods, villages, and agencies of new urban communities, by themselves or by others, shall collect a monthly fee for the services they provide for the integrated waste management or one of these services, from the built units and space lands that are subject to the provisions of this law. According to the classification of the following categories: • From two to four pounds per month for residential units. • From thirty pounds to one hundred pounds per month for independent commercial units, and units used as headquarters for self-employment and professional activities. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 259 • Not exceeding five thousand pounds per month for governmental establishments, public bodies, public sector companies, public business sector, hospitals, health care facilities, and private educational establishments. • Not exceeding twenty thousand pounds per month for commercial, industrial and tourism establishments, space lands utilized for commercial activities, companies and administrative buildings belonging to the private sector, commercial centers, hotels and sports facilities, and similar establishments or activities. And worship places are exempt from the performance of this fee. Micro enterprises shall be exempt from half of the fees prescribed in this article. The controls and categories of this fee shall be determined by a decision from the Prime Minister after the approval of the Council of Ministers based on a proposal from the concerned minister, and these categories may be increased every two years with the same tool at the rate of (10%), provided that the total of this increase does not exceed twice the limit of the maximum limit for each category This fee is collected by electronic payment or in cash by the units of the integrated management of municipal waste in the competent authority or the bodies of the new urban communities, or from a warning in the public or private sector or state agencies. The obligation to pay the aforementioned fee is without prejudice to special contracts, agreements or protocols that may be concluded by the establishments indicated in clauses (3,4) of the first paragraph of this article regarding municipal waste management services. The competent local units in the governorates and the new urban community agencies shall establish offices to receive complaints from citizens in the event that they are affected by failure to abide by the provisions of this law and to take necessary action in this regard. The executive regulations of this law determine the standards and controls necessary for the implementation of this article, including the basis for determining the parties obligated to pay these fees. Article (38): Municipal waste is prohibited to be dumped, sorted, or treated except in designated places in accordance with the procedures specified by the executive regulations of this law. Article (53): The Agency shall establish a technical committee from the competent administrative authorities for hazardous materials and wastes, which is concerned with developing, issuing and reviewing the unified lists of hazardous materials and wastes, setting controls and requirements for handling and the integrated management of hazardous materials and waste and determining the method of limiting their generation. The committee shall have a technical secretariat with Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 260 experience, and the executive regulations of this law determine the formation of the committee, its jurisdiction and its system of work. Article (55): It is prohibited to handle hazardous materials and wastes except after obtaining the approval of the agency with a license from the competent administrative authority. It is prohibited for persons licensed to handle hazardous materials or waste to abandon them or deliver them except in designated places or persons authorized to do so. Article (56): Those in charge of the production or management of hazardous materials and wastes, whether in their gaseous, liquid or solid state, are obligated to take all precautions specified by the Agency and the Committee referred to in Article (53) of this Law to ensure that no damage occurs to the environment. The owner of the facility or the person in charge of its departments whose activities result in hazardous waste in accordance with the provisions of this law must keep a record of these wastes and how to dispose of them, as well as the contracting agency for any management process for these wastes. The owner of the facility or the person responsible for its management that generates hazardous waste must clean it and disinfect the soil and the place in which it was established, if the facility is moved or its activity is suspended, in accordance with the requirements and standards determined by the executive regulations of this law. Article (58): The use of empty packages of hazardous materials or the use of products resulting from their recycling is prohibited, except in accordance with the requirements specified by the executive regulations of this law. Article (60): It is prohibited to establish or manage any facilities for the purpose of circulation or integrated management of hazardous materials or wastes except with a license from the competent administrative authority after the approval of the agency, and the disposal of hazardous materials or waste shall be in accordance with the conditions and standards determined by the executive regulations of this law. The competent administrative authority shall determine, after the approval of the agency, and after consulting the ministries and the concerned authorities, the places of disposal of these materials or wastes. Article (61): All establishments that fail to perform their activities as hazardous wastes are obligated to classify, collect and pack them, as well as provide tools and requirements for separation, collection, transport and storage within the facility. The executive regulations of this law clarify the requirements and standards for these tools and requirements. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 261 Work Environment and Occupational Health and Safety Several laws and decrees tackle occupational health and safety provisions at the workplace, in addition to Articles 43 – 45 of Law 4/1994, which address air quality, noise, heat stress, and the provision of protective measures to workers. These laws and decrees apply to the work crew that will be involved in construction activities. Law 12/2003 on Labor and Workforce Safety and Book V on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) and assurance of the adequacy of the working environment. The law also deals with the provision of protective equipment to workers and firefighting/emergency response plans. Decree No. 211/2003 (replacing MD 55/1983) specifies the necessary conditions required for a safe working environment with respect to physical, mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological and other hazards. Special chapters provide “Maximum Allowable Concentrations” for more than 600 chemical agents in the working environment, safe levels of physical parameters (heat and cold stress, noise, vibration, illumination, radiation, static electrical fields, classification of jobs according to physical workload, etc.), and a list of suspected chemical carcinogens (86 agents). Specifications are equally provided for construction works (ladders, scaffolds, etc). Decree No. 126/2003 (replacing MD 75/1993) defines procedures and forms for notification of accidents and diseases at work. It also specifies the type of statistics on major injuries and accidents that should be collected and notified. Decree No. 134/2003 (replacing MD 116/1991) defines the type of industrial and non-industrial enterprises which should have an OSH department and a joint OSH Committee. It also regulates training in occupational safety and health for workers/managers involved with OSH in the enterprise. The decree stipulates that every establishment or a branch thereof, at which 50 or more workers are employed, shall assign the industrial safety task to an OSH department and to a joint OSH committee, where some technicians and specialists are working as full-time OSH controllers and supervisors. Moreover, the following laws and decrees should be considered:  Minister of Labor Decree 48/1967  Minister of Industry Decree 91/1985  Minister of Labor Decree 116/1991 The environmental aspects that must be taken in consideration for the workplace are noise & vibration, ventilation, temperature, and health and safety, which are as follows: Noise and Vibration Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 262 Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 stipulates the permissible limits for sound intensity and safe exposure times that must be observed by the operators for the work areas and places within the proposed project. Table 10-6 Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations) MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE Exposure No. TYPE OF PLACE AND ACTIVITY EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL [dB(A)] Duration a) Workplaces (workshops and industries) with up to 8-hour shifts 90 8 (licensed before 2014) 1. b) Workplaces (workshops and industries) with up to 8-hour shifts 85 8 (licensed since 2014) For the first item (a, b) the exposure duration shall be decreased by half if the noise level increases by 3 dB (A) combined with using ear plugs. This is to avoid any impacts on the sense of hearing. The instantaneous noise level shall not exceed 135 dB (A) during working period. The noise level is measured inside working areas and closed areas in L Aeq according to the international guidelines (Parts 1&2) ISO 9612/ ISO 1996 or the Egyptian Specifications No. 2836 part 1 & 2 and No. 5525 concerning this matter. Equivalent noise level LAeq is the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement (A) during a specific time period and expressed in dB. Table 10-7 Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of Executive Regulations) Peak Noise Intensity Level [dB(A)] LcPeak 135 130 125 120 115 Number of Allowable Strikes during Working 300 1000 3000 10000 30000 Hours The intermittent noise exposure depends on the noise level intensity presented in the previous table (number of strikes per shift). The hammer strikes are considered intermittent if the duration between strikes 1 second or more. If the duration is less than 1 second, the strikes are considered continuous and the noise level shall comply with Table 1 of Annex 7 of the executive regulations. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 263 Regarding vibration, ministerial decree number 211/2003, table 10 stipulates the threshold limits of exposure to vibration Table 10-8 The threshold limits of exposure to vibration according to Ministerial Decree 211/2003 The square root of the dominant effect of any axis of Daily exposure period the daily exposure period of the three axes, which should not be exceeded (m/s2) 4 hours and less than 8 hours 4 2 hours and less than 4 hours 6 An hour and less than 2 hours 8 less than an hour 12 Other relevant standards • Health and Safety “The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 no.1093” 14 o For whole body vibration, the daily exposure action value (EAV) is 0.5 m/s 2. If exceeded, action must be taken to reduce workers’ exposure to vibration. The daily exposure limit value (ELV) is 1.15 m/s2, which must not be exceeded. Ambient Air Quality Annex 8 of the Regulations lists the maximum allowable limits for air contaminants within the working environment. Boundary limits (threshold limits) of air pollutants in the workplace according to the quality of each industry: Boundary limits are concentrations of chemicals in the air that can be exposed to daily workers without health damage and are divided into three types: a) Threshold limits - 8 hours: The average pollutant concentration in a normal working day (8 hours), which the worker can be exposed to in 5 days a week throughout his/her work without causing health damage. For total particulates that causes only discomfort and has no significant health effects, the threshold is 10 mg / m3 and for inhalable particles 3 mg / m3 (inhalable soil 2.5 micron to 10 microns). 14 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/1093/pdfs/uksi_20051093_en.pdf Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 264 b) Threshold limits - 15 minutes: Pollutant concentration that worker can be exposed to continuously for a short period. For a period of 15 minutes, which may not be exceeded in any case during the working period and that is not repeated more than 4 times per day and the period of 60 minutes should be between each short exposure. c) The ceiling is the limit that cannot be reached even for a moment and when the absorption by the skin is a factor in the increase of exposure is marked (+ skin) in front of the threshold limit, and for simple gases that have little toxic effects is measured oxygen concentration in the air, which may not To be less than (18%). Considering the provisions of the Labor Law 12 of 2003 and its ministerial decrees, the emission limits of different chemicals in the working environment shall not exceed the limits set out in Table 1. The employer or his authorized representative shall also provide identification cards for the chemicals used or produced within the facility in the Arabic language, provided that they are placed in a file in a visible place in the facility so that they can be accessed, considering the following: 1. Name of chemical, scientific and commercial material, name, address and telephone number of manufacturer and distributor of this material 2. Any hazardous components in the substance, as well as the safe concentration of this component, which can be exposed for 8 hours a day without harm 3. Potential human health risks from exposure to a higher concentration than the safe concentration of the substance, as well as the way the substance is absorbed by the skin, breathing, swallowing, etc., as well as the human organs targeted by this substance 4. First-aid measures to be followed in the event of injury to this substance 5. How the substance can be ignited, as well as the fire extinguishers to be used to extinguish the fires (in the case of flammable substances) 6. The method of preventing accidents and injuries that are expected to occur in the event of leakage or spillage of this substance on the ground or the emission of large quantities of evaporation to the working environment as well as how to contain this leakage and health methods to clean the workplace and follow all safety precautions 7. Information on how to handle the substance and how to correctly store it 8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) that should be used when handling substances to prevent injury 9. Physical and chemical properties of the substances such as: (color - state - odor - solubility - steam pressure - boiling point - freezing - density ...etc.) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 265 10. How the substance becomes hazardous as a result of its interaction with other substances, and the extent of the stability of the material as well as the non-compatible substances that are required to be distant from it 11. The toxicity of the substance and the results of the tests conducted to determine it 12. The effect of the material on the environment and the environmental life around it such as aquatic life, plants, animals and birds, as well as the duration of the material in which it remains dangerous 13. Information on safe and correct ways to dispose of the substance 14. Information on the precautions to be taken when transporting this material by different means of transportation 15. Information on classification of material severity according to specifications and requirements of international organizations 16. Any other information about the material Table 4 from Annex 8 of the Executive Regulations states the amount of air needed to ventilate the public places. Table 10-9 Amount of air needed to ventilate the public places Occupancy rate Minimum external No. Type of location and activity air regeneration (Person/100m2) rate Administrative buildings • Office 5 10 1 • Reception 30 5.5 • Meeting room 50 8 • Conference room 50 8 • Banks 10 8.5 Temperature and Humidity Article 44 of Law 4/1994 and Article 46 of its amended regulation 710/2012 stipulate conditions and requirements for temperature and humidity in the workplace. Annex 9 to the Regulations sets out the major and minor limits for temperature and humidity, exposure periods and safety precautions. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 266 Table 10-10 Thermal exposure limits (heat stress) allowed in the work environment according to the work system (Table 2, Annex 9 of the Executive Regulations) Thermal Temperature: Temperature of the Wet Globe Temperature (° C) Average Temperature Exposure in Intermittent Working Work and break Condition system Average labor Non labor intensive Labor intensive intensive Continuous work 30 ◦C 27.8 ◦C 25.8 ◦C 75% work, 25% 30.58 ◦C 28.8 ◦C 26.8 ◦C break 50% work, 50% 31.58 ◦C 29.58 ◦C 28.8 ◦C break 25% work, 75% 32.8 ◦C 31.8 ◦C 30.8 ◦C break Ventilation Table 4 from Annex 8 of the Executive Regulations states the amount of air needed to ventilate the public places. Table 10-11 Amount of air needed to ventilate the public places Occupancy rate Minimum external No. Type of location and activity air regeneration (Person/100m2) rate Administrative buildings 5 10 • Office 30 5.5 2 • Reception • Meeting room 50 8 • Conference room 50 8 • Banks 10 8.5 Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 267 Laws Related to Traffic The laws applicable to traffic and road work are governed by Traffic Law No. 66 of 1973, as amended by Law No. 121 of 2008. The law is concerned with traffic planning during the construction of projects. Law No. 140 of 1956 concerning the use and occupation of public roads, and Law No. 84 of 1968 concerning public roads, including highways, main roads and regional road. The laws require that no actions affect the flow of traffic without prior authorization, and the laws specify that the competent administrative authority can use public roads for a fee. The executive regulations of Law No. 140 of 1956 specify the requirements for the management of construction and demolition. In general, vehicle drivers are prohibited from causing any pollution by dumping waste on the road, construction waste or any other materials. EEAA EIA Guidelines Related to the Public Consultation  Conduct a public consultation as part of the ESIA study according to the EEAA guidelines methodology. The involvement of the public and concerned entities in the EIA planning and implementation phases is mandatory for Category C projects through the public consultation process with concerned parties (not required by low for projects of categories B & scoped B).  Preparation of the Public Consultation Plan before starting the consultation activities in the EIA scoping phase, the project proponent prepares a plan indicating the methodology of the public consultation to be adopted in the two public consultation phases (EIA scoping phase and consultation on the draft EIA). The plan should indicate the concerned parties that will be consulted, method of consultation and other points.  An individual chapter in the EIA will be prepared for public consultation  Disclosure of relevant material is an important process and should be undertaken in a timely manner for all Category C projects. This process permits meaningful consultations between the project proponent and project-affected groups and local NGOs is required to take place. Before the public consultation on the draft EIA, the draft technical summary in Arabic should be disclosed to all concerned parties.  Paragraph 6.4.3.1: Scope of Public Consultation  Paragraph 6.4.3.2: Methodology of Public Consultation  Paragraph 6.4.3.3: Documentation of the Consultation Results  Paragraph 7: Requirement and Scope of the Public Disclosure Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 268 Cultural Heritage Archaeological and cultural heritage is protected by the following laws: Law 117 of 1983 on the protection of monuments and cultural heritage, amended by Law 12 of 1991 Land Acquisition Laws The Egyptian Constitution has preserved the right of private property, Egyptian Constitution (1971, amended in year 1980) and Egyptian Constitution (2014, articles 33 and 35). The Egyptian Civil code 131/1948, articles 802-805 recognize private ownership right and stipulates that the owner of a certain property has the sole right of using and/or disposing his property. Property expropriation for public benefit is indicated by Law No. 10 of year 1990 and its amendments by Law No. 24 for the year 2018, and law No. 1 for the year 2015. This law has specified, through Article 6, the formation of the “Compensation Valuation Commission”. This Article states that the commission is established at the Governorate level and consists of a delegate from the relevant Ministry’s Surveying Body (as President), a representative of the Agricultural Directorate, a representative of the Housing and Utilities Directorate, and a representative of the Real Estate Taxes Directorate in the Governorate. The compensation shall be estimated according to the prevailing market prices at the time of the issuance of the Decree for Expropriation. The amendment of the year 2018 entailed increase for the value of the compensation to include additional 20% above the prevailing market price for the interest of the affected persons (landowners). It also includes a provision for the deposit of the value of the compensation in an interest-generating account for the benefit of the affected persons (landowners). Finally, the most recent amendment took place through Law 187/2020 include committing the project proponent to deposit the value of the compensation in no more than 3 months from the public interest decree issuance date. In case of delaying the deposit, additional interest should be paid by the project proponent on top of the value of the compensation for the interest of the affected persons (landowners). Amendments of the law in 2015 has specified the period allowed for submitting a grievance to be 15 days and allowed additional 30 days to submit all relevant documents. ENR’s Approach for Securing Land Plots Law No. 152 of 1980 establishing the Egyptian National Railways Authority. The law aims to accurately determine the assets of the ENR of public benefit, limiting them to buildings and facilities used in operation, railway lines, crossings and their campuses. While allowing the ENR to exploit the rest of its assets and in-kind allocations that do not fall under the scope of public Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 269 benefit in all its forms, in addition to Enabling the Authority to dispose of these allocations according to specific controls. In general, ENR uses their right-of-way for construction of the signaling buildings. In some cases, the land of ENR is rented out to users and in such cases a contract is issued between ENR and the user. In the meantime, ENR ensures to avoid occupied land plots. In the case where a vacant alternative is unavailable and land is being used by users or tenants, ENR issues an administrative decree for removal of the occupancies on the required land plot by the respective local entities. This approach is applied to both squatters and tenants. For the former, those are supposed to have no legal rights under the Egyptian legislation. For the latter, the old and new tenancy contract templates state that ENR retains the right to restore the leased property at the time it wishes. Article 9 of the old contract template states that: “The Authority [ENR] reserves, for itself, the right to terminate this contract without being held responsible for any disruptions or damages in case it [ENR] sold the rented property or needed it for its purposes or for the purposes of other government institutions or sub-institutions. And it shall be sufficient that the tenant be notified of that one month in advance, through a registered letter, and the tenancy value shall be paid back to him [the tenant], if it was prepaid, for the remaining [tenancy] period as of evacuation of the property.” The corresponding stipulation in the new contact template states that: “The First Party [leaser] shall have the right to terminate the contract in case ENR needs the leased property for future projects.” However, the old version of the contract template stipulates that dues shall be paid back to the tenant and he/she shall be proactively notified, the new version omits that. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 270 ANNEX II: GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UPGRADES, TRAIN STATION REHABILITATION AND SAFETY-FIRST CULTURE ESTABLISHMENT Information Technology Upgrades Defining specific additions and modules to the existing system requires a thorough assessment of the existing system. Minimum relevant information required to complement available description should include type and scope of data collected, associated collection method (manual, automated, real time etc.), type of data storage (e.g., paper-based, computer-based or hybrid), type and methodology for data analysis (algorithms, quality indices etc.), methodology and type of defects flagged and alert signal generation, presence of other database systems such as Oracle and associated features. Detailed upgrades of the IT management system consisting of additional modules and features have not been determined. However, there are candidate modules for achieving objectives of the Project. SAP HANA module is a candidate database for linking assets and incident via decentralized collection of data across ENR. The other candidate module is SAP Plant Maintenance for maintenance of safety critical assets such as the new signaling system. The selection will depend on specific assets and associated data needs constituting the whole preventative/condition-based maintenance system and the assessment of the existing system. Following are basic elements/features/components for consideration when selecting a condition-based maintenance system: ▪ Type of diagnostic data to be collected including track geometry, rail profile, rail corrugation, ballast profile, overhead line, switches, vehicles dynamics measurement, visual systems, video inspection, environmental temperature ▪ Type of data storage platform for diagnostic data ▪ Types of data analytics needed including algorithms for multi-data processing and analysis, e.g., single and cross/multiple parameter analysis, quality index calculation ▪ Types of visualization tools for presentation of data and interpretation ▪ Identification of defects ▪ Generation of alert/warning signals ▪ Cost estimations One of the objectives of the Project is using Big Data to improve safety performance. Specifics on how Big Data would be incorporated have not yet been finalized. However, basic considerations for adopting Big Data Technologies include the capability of the system to receive and process large data sets, quality of data, and a defined objective for using Big Data for the selection among big data analytics technologies. Big data analytics technologies can be grouped into 4 categories Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 271 according to applications. Descriptive technologies allow mining of historical data to understand past success or failure. Diagnostic technologies analyze data to understand why a particular event occurred. Predictive technologies are used to analyze recent and historical data and are probabilistic in nature. Prescriptive technologies are predictive, but allow decision making and tracking of outcome of decisions taken15. Rehabilitation of Stations Considering that the rehabilitation activities are limited to the train stations, a simplified framework16 to prioritize transit asset rehabilitation can guide the prioritization of actions. Selection and Prioritization of Stations for Rehabilitation The selection basis of stations to finance is not defined. Following is the general process that should be followed for selecting stations and associated rehabilitation works: 1) Establishing asset inventory (or build upon existing inventory, if available), i.e., ticketing booths, platform, trains, seating facility, toilets etc. Collecting and analyzing data on condition and performance of the asset. This step should include defining data collection protocols such as site inspections, surveying customers’ satisfaction and operators (achieving the human and organizational factor) and identifying specific indicator for which performance will be assessed. Indicators pertaining to safety, accessibility, inclusiveness and sustainability should be defined. Specific gender-sensitive safety performance indicators should be defined and attributed to each asset, where relevant. An example of simplified scale to measure performance is illustrated in Error! Reference source not found. Performance assessment should also include projections on performance and be forward looking. For example, increased demand for train use accelerated by other upgrades under the Project will likely result in an increased use by women and an increased risk for safety (if no rehabilitation done). Applying principle of human and organizational factor should also be embedded within the selection and design of stations for rehabilitation, where relevant. The principle relies on a multifaceted approach for defining designs focused on interaction between human and individual system. Practically, considering the human and organizational factors would involve train and station operators. 15 Mcmahon, Paul & Zhang, Tieling & Dwight, R.. (2020). Requirements for Big Data Adoption for Railway Asset Management. IEEE Access. PP. 1-1. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2967436. 16 Simplified framework is based on key principles and approaches described in “State of Good Repair: Prioritizing the Rehabilitation and Replacement of Existing Capital Assets and Evaluating the Implications for Transit (2012)” Chapter: Section 4 - Framework for Prioritizing Transit Asset Rehabilitation and Replacement Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 272 2) Identify alternatives for rehabilitation and/or replacement including costs and impacts to allow comparison of scenarios 3) Define investment scenarios (financed by the Project) 4) Prioritize projects 5) Develop investment plan (allocation of Project financing) 6) Perform work Table 10-12-Performance measure scale Performance scale for each indicator Implication Good No need for rehabilitation/ replacement Fair Rehabilitation/ replacement needed, but not immediate Poor End of service life, Immediate rehabilitation/replacement Table 10-13- Example of performance measurement of asset in train station Asset Performance Scale Notes measure/ Indicator Ticketing booth Safety Good Located far from tracks, area large to allow social distancing etc. Accessibility Fair Ticketing window out of field of vision of wheelchair users Inclusiveness Fair Women lines not clearly demarked; Risks for harassment incidents Sustainability Poor No light bulbs Guiding Principles for Safety, Accessibility, Sustainability of Rehabilitation of Stations Rehabilitation works should result in increased safety, accessibility, sustainability, with an emphasis on gender safety. Work segments/activities and associated designs, where applicable, have not yet been specified. Following are indicators, measures, and checks relevant to station design that should, at a minimum, be applied for assets rehabilitation of train stations17 . Criteria 17 https://www.networkrail.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Station-design-principles.pdf Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 273 in the checklist reflect concerns raised during focus group discussions with women carried out at selected train stations Safety- Check List ✓ Are potential safety hazards and risks identified and associated management procedures defined? ✓ Are surveillance cameras adequately installed for complete coverage of public space in the station? ✓ Is lighting adequate and allowing for clear visibility of public station area? ✓ Are safety precautions such as installation of barriers/fencing, clear warning signs, visible demarcation to prevent unauthorized access to tracks in place? ✓ Have spatial provisions for safety against transmission of COVID-19 been made in the design including ticketing booths, waiting lines at the ticketing booths, waiting areas to allow implementation of prevention measures such as social distancing? ✓ Is the use of surveillance at frequent crossing zones known to pose hazards and risks in place? ✓ Has the use of voice alarm systems to prevent trespassing at crossing zones been considered? ✓ Have spatial considerations been taken to allow for safe flow of passengers in and out of train, switching platforms, waiting lines at ticketing booth to implement gender considerations (e.g., separate waiting lines for women?) ✓ Has the design allocated adequate sheltering areas for hot weather and rain events? Accessibility - Check List: ✓ Are ramps located on or adjacent to desired lines with good natural surveillance? ✓ Has provision been made for wheelchairs, (e.g., getting on and off trains, inclusion of proper ramps, ticketing booth at the level of wheelchair users, entry way size accommodating of wheelchairs or other modes of transport, reduced mobility adapted toilet)? ✓ Has a diversity and inclusion assessment of the project taken place? ✓ Is service information accessible to all users including illiterate and/or non-Arab speaking individuals ✓ Is there a formalized assistance service available for disabled individuals, emergency response system? ✓ Are waiting lines at the ticketing booths clearly marked for women? ✓ Is there a separate wait line for people with disabilities? Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 274 ✓ Are there special dedicated waiting areas/rooms for women and people with disabilities or reduced mobility (pregnant women, handicapped)? ✓ Has the selection of paint color considered needs of visually impaired individuals (non- reflective surface colors and adequate contrasting between horizontal and vertical surfaces)? Sustainability- Check List ✓ Has the design considered energy efficient technologies to reduce consumption of energy and minimize needs for replacement of parts? For example, use of energy efficient lighting systems, properly functioning faucet (reduce wasted water), ✓ Has the design considered the use of long lasting, green materials to reduce material consumption and waste generation? For example, use of water-based paint for rolling stock and platform demarcation Capacity- Check List ✓ Does the station provide adequate and organized space for efficient movement of vehicles and pedestrians (e.g., are there pavements)? ✓ Does the design of the station consider access to pick-up and drop-off areas for taxis, buses, and other vehicles? ✓ Does the design consider future increase in travelers in response to other upgrades and modernization of the Project? Guiding Principle for Safety-First Culture Assessment The safety culture assessment culture should evaluate the following attributes, at a minimum, within the ENR organization; attributes are based on one model by the Institute for an Industrial Safety Culture (ICSI) 18 ✓ Is there an interrogative culture to allow continual improvement among others and based on the belief that complete control of risk is not possible? ✓ Is there a shared awareness of important risks going beyond incident reports? ✓ Is safety integrated across the organization, i.e., everyone is involved and responsible for safety? ✓ Is there awareness on safety concerns specifically faced by women and people with reduced mobility? 18 Adapted and modified from https://www.era.europa.eu/sites/default/files/activities/docs/guide_sms_requirements_en.pdf Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 275 ✓ Is attitude towards safety implementation based on compliance with rules only and leaving no space for coping with unexpected situations-going from reactive to proactive behavior? ✓ Do safety risks considered across lifecycle of project activities including technical barriers, human and organizational factors (which may be specific to national cultural)- to be revisited? ✓ Is safety compliance promoted and championed by management? ✓ Does the organization allow for a transparent and just culture allowing people to come forward and discuss concerns, is there a communication platform? ✓ Are there well-defined descriptions of safe working conditions ✓ Well defined procedures to monitor and evaluate safe working conditions ✓ Identification of previous incidents ✓ Have cultural dimensions to safety been identified, particularly concerning women? Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 276 ANNEX III: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA/EXCLUSION CHECKLISTS Objective: To identify projects with high ES impacts If any of the answers to the questions below is Yes, then the sub-project would be classified as High/Substantial Risk project and should be excluded from the project. Sub-project title: Sub-project brief description: Question Answer (Yes/No) Will the project: 1. Cause sensitive (direct and or cumulative) impacts? Examples of Sensitive impacts are those, which may be irreversible, or those which raise issues related to natural habitats and or physical cultural resources. 2. Cause diverse (direct and or cumulative) impacts? Diverse impacts are those impacting different media (air quality, water quality, noise level, risk to the community) at the same time. 3. Cause unprecedented impacts? Unprecedented impacts are those, which have not been experienced before in the project’s area of influence (i.e. those which occur for the first time in the area) 4. Have an area of influence that significantly exceeds its footprint? 5. Cause significant residual impacts? Objective : To determine the appropriate type of safeguard instruments Sub-projects are screened for potential ES impacts using the Eligibility Criteria/screening checklists included below. The objective of the screening will be to determine the appropriate type of safeguard instruments among the following: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 277 - ESMP checklist: for sub-projects resulting in relatively low-significance environmental and social impacts - Site-specific ESMP: for sub-projects resulting in relatively medium-significance environmental and social impacts. - RP: for sub-projects and activities resulting in temporary and/or permanent resettlement If all answers to questions in the table are ‘No’, a checklist ESMP shall be developed. If any of the answers to the questions in Table 1 is Yes, then a site-specific ESMP shall be developed for the sub- project. If any of the answers to the questions in Section H is Yes, then a RP shall also be developed for the sub-project. S No ISSUES YES NO Comments Environmental Criteria A. Noise and Air Pollution & Hazardous Substances 1. Will activities result in large emissions of air pollutants, dust, GHGs? 2. Will the subproject increase ambient noise and /or vibration levels? 3. Will the subproject involve the generation, storage, handling or transport of hazardous substances such as solvents, paint, electronic waste etc.? B Water and Soil Contamination 4. Will the subproject result in potential soil or water contamination (i.e., from oil, grease and fuel from equipment yards)? 5. Is the subproject located close to groundwater sources, surface water bodies, water courses or wetlands? C Fauna and Flora, Natural Habitats and Biodiversity 6. Will the subproject impact biodiversity due to the destruction or damage of terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems or endangered species directly or by induced development? 7. Is the subproject located in an area with endangered or conservation-worthy ecosystems, fauna or flora? Social Screening D Public Utilities and Facilities 8. Will the subproject require significant levels of accommodation or service amenities to support the workforce during construction (i.e., if more than 20 workers are anticipated on site)? Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 278 E Cultural Property 9. Will the subproject have an impact on archaeological, historical sites or religious sites including mosques/or cemeteries F Occupational Health and Safety 10. Will project activities involve OHS risks such as electrocution, fire hazard, slippage, falling, working at heights? 11. Will the project activities require temporary labor influx with potential risks such as spreading of COVID-19? G Community health & Safety 12. Will the subproject involve temporary labor influx posing potential risks including GBV? 13. Will the subproject involve temporary labor influx posing potential risks including child labor? 14. Is the subproject located near a densely populated area/in proximity of community areas, where CHS risks such as spread of disease, traffic and pedestrian safety, accessibility issues, etc. may occur? H Resettlement and Expropriation 15. Will the works require acquisition of private land (temporarily or permanently)? 16. Will the subproject lead to physical displacement of individuals, family, and businesses? 17. Will project activities impact livelihood? 18. Will the works impact individuals or entities encroaching on land? 19 Potential loss (temporary or permanent) of livelihoods among formal and informal vendors at the station Signed by Environment Specialist: Name: _______________________________ Title: _______________________________ Date: _______________________________ Signed by Social Specialist: Name: _______________________________ Title: _______________________________ Date: _______________________________ Signed by Project Manager: Name: _______________________________ Title: _______________________________ Date: Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 279 ANNEX IV: PUBLIC CONSULTATION LIST OF INVITEES AND ATTENDEES Table 10-14 List of invitees and affiliations Stakeholder/Entity Contact person/email Phone number Way of communication Ministry of Transport 1 HE Minister Kamel El Wazir 02-22610510 Fax and email (MOT) 2 ENR representatives support@enr.gov.eg 0225774697 Email and Fax Accountability State 02-24018310 3 Fax Authority 02-240170086 Dr. Amal Elsayed Attia- Eng. Kussay 02-25256445 Email and Fax 4 EEAA kkoreish@gmail.com 02-25256490 Follow up by phone National Council for Dr. Maya Morsy - Mr/ Sameh 02 23490060 Email and Fax 5 Women say88813@yahoo.com 010 93111301 Follow up by phone Nola Darwish -Monira Sabry 02/33023424 - New Women Email and Fax 6 nwrc@nwrcegypt.org - 01281474449 - research Center Follow up by phone nwrcweb@gmail.com 01281474443 Association for the Dr Iman Bibars – Mrs Vivian Aziz Development & 02 23644324 Email and Fax 7 iman.bibars@adew.org, Enhancement of 02 23636345 Follow up by phone Women hanaa_nagy@hotmail.com Dr Ashraf Selim - Dr Dorria Salem Egyptian Society for 02 37600278 - Email and Fax 8 womenshealthegypt@gmail.com - Women’s Health 01273342255 Follow up by phone contact@eswih.org Dina Wafik Email 9 EBRD wafikd@ebrd.com 0223225900 Follow up by phone edwardm@ebrd.com Hoda Mohamed Fathy - Email and Fax 10 CAPMAS 0224020231 pres_capmas@capmas.gov.eg Follow up by phone Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 280 Prof. Mohamed Mahmoud Hashem National Research Fax 11 info@nrc.sci.eg 02 33371615 Center Follow up by phone mhashem22@hotmail.com Essam Waly National Authority 025743070 Email and Fax 12 chairman@nat.org.eg; for Tunnels 02 25742968 Follow up by phone std@nat.org.eg Ahmed Kotaem 012 77587778 Email 13 Masarat Misr info@masarat-misr.com Follow up by phone Nermin Ali 02 35693470 Email 14 Sets International Nali@setsintl.net 010 05828000 Follow up by phone Friedrich-Ebert- Waleed Mansour 012 01871118 Email 15 Stiftung waleed.mansour@fes-egypt.org Follow up by phone Egyptian center for Hany Abu ElQomsan Email and Fax 16 010 03447999 Women Rights info@ecwronline.org Follow up by phone Enas Hamdy Email 17 Harrass Map 010 02426961 enas.hamdy@harrassmap.org Follow up by phone Arab Office for youth Dr. Emadeldin Adly Email 18 02 2516 1519 and Environment aoye@link.net ; l.magdy@aoye.org Follow up by phone National Population Email 19 npc@afmic.com 0225240505 Council Follow up by phone Sustainable Environment Email Dr. Hany Sewilam - Rania Kaldas 20 Research Institute, 02-26153071 officeofthessedean@aucegypt.edu Follow up by phone The American University in Cairo Housing and Building Dr. Khaled Elzahaby 0233356722 Email and Fax 21 Research Center hbrc@hbrc.edu.eg 0233351564 Follow up by phone 22 Assiut University Dr. Ahmed Elsonbaty 0882080553 Email and Fax Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 281 Faculty of eng@aun.edu.eg; Follow up by phone Engineering asonbaty@aun.edu.eg Cairo University – Dr. AbdelMeguid Refaat Email 23 Faculty of Engineering abdel_majeed_refaat@hotmail.com Follow up by phone Soil, Water & Dr. Alaa Elbably 0235720608 Email and Fax 24 Environment Research Institute sweri@arc.sci.eg Follow up by phone Council for Community Service, Dr. Mohamed Samy Abdelsadek 0235727676 Email and Fax 25 Environmental Development, Cairo cdea@cu.edu.eg Follow up by phone University Alexandria University Essam Wahba Email 26 Faculty of emwahba@yahoo.com Follow up by phone Engineering Dr Randa Mostafa Email and Fax 27 Benha University 0133213515 randa.mostafa@fmed.bu.edu.eg Follow up by phone 0133231011 Benha University - Dr Gamal Ismail Email and Fax 28 Environment 0133231012 Research Center info@bu.edu.eg Follow up by phone 0133213514 Dean Office – Faculty of Engineering 086-2362083 Email and Fax 29 Minya University 086-2348005 eng.prt@mu.edu.eg 086-2364420 Follow up by phone Ms. Heba Mohamed 02-25253213 Email 30 Alshanek ya Balady info@ayb-sd.org; Follow up by phone heba.mohamed@ayb-sd.org Ms. Mai Zeineldin Email 31 Al Hasan Foundation 01011112666 info@alhassan-fdn.org Follow up by phone Ms. Amina Elsaie 0101 339 9423 Email 32 Helm Foundation info@helmegypt.org Follow up by phone Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 282 Dr Ayman Abd Elsadeq Email 33 Caritas SETI info@caritas-egypt.org; 02-24310201 Follow up by phone ayman.sadek@caritas-egypt.org 0965332733 Fax 34 Qena Governorate Follow up by phone 0882325025 Fax 35 Assiut Governorate Follow up by phone 034225427 / Alexandria Fax 36 034234121 Governorate Follow up by phone Qalyubia 013222314 Fax 37 Governorate Follow up by phone 0223907387 Fax 38 Cairo Governorate Follow up by phone 0237794552 Fax 39 Giza Governorate Follow up by phone Beni Suef 0822322000 Fax 40 Governorate Follow up by phone Eng. Mina Daniel mina.daniel@thalesgroup.com Phone invitation and 41 Thales Group 01022989825 Eng. Mahmoud Yosri email mahmoud.yosri@thalesgroup.com Eng. Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed.abdallah@alstomgroup.com Phone invitation and 42 Alstom Transport email Eng. Mokhtar Hatem mokhtar.hatem@alstomgroup.com Phone invitation and 43 Systra Eng. Medhat Abobakr 01094933893 email Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 283 mabdelhafez@systra.com fnambride@systra.com Local Governorate Through Site Contractors 44 Units and ENR EAD Table 10-15 List of Public consultation attendees Name Email Job title Entity/Organization Basma Sobhi bsobhi@integral-egypt.com Senior Environmental Specialist Integral Consult Abdel Meguid Refaat abdel_majeed_refaat@hotmail.com Assistant Professor of Railway Faculty of Engineering Engineering Cairo University Safaa Habib safaahabib0@gmail.com General Director of Public National Council for Relations Women Sara Makram nersara2000@yahoo.com University Student TU Munchen Mustafa Adel madel@integral-egypt.com Environmental Specialist Integral Consult Maysra Shamseldin mshamseldin@worldbank.org Environmental Specialist World Bank Ayman Masoud elmatadorMax@gmail.com Engineer ENR Mostafa Elbanawy m.elbanawy81@gmail.com Signaling Engineer Signaling & Telecom management Mai Ibrahim mibrahim@integral-egypt.com Technical team lead Integral consult Dr. Emadeldin Adly eadly@hotmail.com Chairperson of the Board AOYE Hammam Sayed chemist_hammam@yahoo.com Environmental Specialist ENR Abosdera Enas Mostafa enasgouda5@gmail.com Environmental Specialist Integral Consult Mina Habachi mina.daniel@thalesgroup.com HSE Manager Thales Mahmoud Kamar M_kama90@yahoo.com GM of environment ENR cathie wissa cwissa@worldbank.org Social Specialist World Bank Anan Ali ananmohamed2012@gmail.com Social Development Expert Ain Shams University Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 284 Mona Raafat monaraafat990@gmail.com Chemist in the Environmental ENR Affairs Department Ahmed Elsonbaty asonbaty@aun.edu.eg Professor and Head of the Civil Faculty of Engineering Engineering Department Assiut University Waleed Mansour waleed.mansour@fes-egypt.org Program Manager - Climate Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Energy Mohamed Zaghloul Zag_micro2002@yahoo.com Environmental Specialist ENR Samir Taha samir.taha@thalesgroup.com HSE Coordinator Thales Mohamed Omar mohamed.ismail.omar76@gmail.com Public Relations Sp E.N.R Presidency management Salma Ibrahim Safattah@worldbank.org Transport Specialist World Bank Mostafa Elassiouty Melassiouty91@gmail.com Environmental and HSE Private Engineer Mahmoud Yosri Mahmoud.yosri@thalesgroup.com HSE Coordinator Thales Enas Hamdy enashamdy87@gmail.com Gender Specialist HarassMap Mohamed Hussein mo_hussien@hotmail.com project manager Arab Office for Youth and Environment Reham Magdy Azmi rehammagdy300@gmail.com Environmental Specialist ENR Mahmoud Hanafy Eng.mahmoudhanafy@yahoo.com Engineer ENR Medhat Abdelhafez mabdelhafez@systra.com HSE Systra Mokhtar Hatem Mokhtar.Hatem@alstomgroup.com HSE Alstom Safaa Mahmoud safy_sa1987@yahoo.com Chemist ENR Ayman Masoud ayman.masoud.enr@gmail.com Risk Manager ENR Nermin Eltouny neltouny@integral-egypt.com Lead environmental Integral Consult magdy madany magdymadany@hotmail.com Engineer national authority for tunnels Essam Wahba emwahba@yahoo.com Vice Dean for Community Faculty of Engineering Service and Environmental Alexandria University Development Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 285 Sama Singer sama.singer@masuliatna.org Training Coordinator Ibtikar Khana Derran Williams williamd@ebrd.com Safety EBRD Amr Osama amrosama@integral-egypt.com President Integral Consult Aby Mostafa sets@intl.net Engineer Cairo University Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 286 ANNEX V: CONTRACTORS’ SITE -SPECIFIC PLANS - TOC NON-EXHAUSTIVE TABLE OF CONTENT FOR CONTRACTORS’ SITE SPECIFIC PLANS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS DEFINITIONS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES 1.1.1 Project Description – depending on the scope of each contractor 1.1.4 Contractor Organization Chart for the project 1.1.5 Scope of the Plan 1.3 EFFECTIVE STARTING DATE 2 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS, STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION 2.1 NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARD 2.2 WBG ESF REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS 2.3 POLICIES AND PROJECT STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS 2.4 REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION 3 ROLES AND RESPONSABILITIES (depending on the scope of each plan - This Section should provide the roles and responsibilities of the contractor staff involved in the plan implementation and management) 3.1 Contractor STAFF Examples: 3.1.1 Project Director 3.1.2 EHSS Director 3.1.3 EHS Manager 3.1.4 HS Officer 3.2 WORKERS 3.3 SUB- CONTRACTORS 4 PROJECT DATA AND INFORMATION (depending on the scope of each plan) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 287 Example for HAZMAT: 4.1 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TYPOLOGIES AND QUANTITIES 4.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AREAS 4.2.1 Fuel Storage System 4.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SEGREGATION 4.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSPORTATION Example for OHS Plan: 4.1 LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 4.2 SANITARY AND MEDICAL FACILITIES 4.3 EMERGENCY AND PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 4.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE STAFF 5 IMPACTS AND HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND RISKS ASSESSMENT Example of OHS: 5.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 5.2 RISK RANKING 5.3 PRELIMINARY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT 5.4 RISK REGISTER 6 MANAGEMENT MEASURES Example of HAZMAT 6.1 GENERAL STORAGE PREVENTIVE MEASURE 6.1.1 Hazardous Material Segregation 6.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL HANDLING PROCEDURES 6.2.1 Hazardous Material Arrival and Acceptance 6.2.2 Hazardous Material On-Site Transfer and Handling 6.3 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 6.4 CHEMICALS SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 288 6.5 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LABELLING 6.6 HAZARDOUS WASTE 6.7 RESPONSE MEASURES TO ACCIDENTAL SPILLS 6.7.1 Post-Accident Monitoring 7 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS 7.1 EHS INDUCTION 7.2 TRAINING 7.3 AWARENESS 8 MONITORING AND AUDIT 8.1 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 8.2 INSPECTIONS 8.3 AUDIT AND MANAGEMENT OF NON – CONFORMITIES 8.4 RECORDING 8.5 REPORTING 9 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 9.1 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN LEVEL AND FUNCTIONS OF FMC ORGANIZATION 9.2 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ALL PARTIES INVOLVED IN PROJECT CONSTRUCTION 9.3 COMMUNICATION WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND COMMUNITIES APPENDIXES Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 289 ANNEX VI: COMPLAINT FORM Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 290 ANNEX VII: GRIEVANCE LOG Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 291 ANNEX VIII: Template for Checklist ESMP The checklist ESMP defines key measures to mitigate impacts from works that are small, localized, and of short/temporary duration and of low significance. Key elements include description of activities, general mitigation and monitoring measures associated with activities covering air quality, noise and vibration, OHS (including PPE, implementing Code of conduct and special precautions to prevent spread of COVID-19, prevent GBV, and child labor), CHS. The checklist should be included in tendering documents. Project Identification Project Name: Description of Activities: ISSUES Mitigation Measures ESMP Check Environmental Criteria Noise and Air Equipment and machinery turned off when not in use [] Pollution & Dust abatement measures implemented: use of dust screens, [] Hazardous watering of surfaces Substances Empty packaging materials, old parts (toilets, sinks etc.) are [] safely stored in dedicated area inaccessible to local community General good practice and housekeeping maintained on-site [] and surrounding areas, i.e., no waste accumulation on-site and surrounding areas, no construction debris, proper fencing, no leaking substances from containers, equipment Hazardous material stored safely until disposal at hazardous [] waste facility Hazardous material disposal receipts collected and stored for [] internal audit Social Criteria Occupational Workforce trained on LMP including Code of Conduct [] Health and Workforce trained and implementing OHS plan including [] Safety wearing appropriate PPE including vests, gloves boots, helmets, goggles, no-smoking Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 292 Workforce trained on prevention of COVID-19 (practicing safe [] distancing, wearing protective equipment such as masks, frequent washing of hands or use of disinfectant) Resources available on-site for implementation of prevention [] plan for COVID-19 including masks, face shields, disinfectants, thermometers, and insurance coverage Community Workforce trained on LMP including Code of Conduct, [] health & Safety prevention of GBV, SH/SEA, prevention of COVID-19 LMP is available to public [] Proper fencing and demarcation of work areas to prevent [] community access Proper re-routing, use of ramps, and signage to guide [] community away from work areas to ensure pedestrian safety and accessibility Implementation of grievance mechanism and verification of [] logs for complaints Site inspection for child labor [] Verification of IDs of workforce to prevent child labor [] Comments Recommendations Environmental Specialist's Signature……………………………………… Social Specialist's Signature……………………………………… Date……………………………………… Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 293 Annex IX: Template for Site Specific ESMP The ESMP defines measures and associated actions to be implemented to eliminate or reduce (to acceptable levels) negative impacts on environmental and social receptors, defines monitoring measures including parameters and indicators for monitoring, frequency and responsible entities, requirements for third party verifications. The site specific ESMP will addresses, at a minimum, all preliminary negative impacts and risks of project activities on sensitive receptors associated with ESS2-ESS3-ESS4 in the ESMF. The general content of site-specific ESMP should consist of: 1- Executive summary: concise description of negative impacts and associated mitigation and monitoring measures specific to site 2- Description of sub-project activities: concise description of finalized site location and activities during construction and operation 3- Description of baseline: description should build upon baseline presented in the ESA and add site- specific features, where ES impacts are relevant including gender sensitive features, presence of markets, large populations 4- Environmental and social impacts assessment 5- Environmental and social management plan (ESMP) - a template of the ESMP is presented and should be adapted/built upon according to site features. 6- Analysis of alternatives with respect to technologies, rehabilitation materials, design options in the context of impact on ES. Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 294 ESS Avoidance, minimizing, Monitoring mitigation measures Requirements, Responsibility Cost (EGP) parameters, and frequency ESS2 Labor and Working Site inspection, Construction/Operation Included in Conditions Plan including monitoring for Contractor/ENR/PMU Project Code of Conduct PPE usage and (Health and safety budget well communicated and no child labor specialist and social accessible grievance Field reports officer/specialist) Incident mechanism for workers, reports preventing child labor Monitor Provision of PPEs workers' Implement Emergency registration response plans including records and ID plan for suspected COVID- cards 19 infection (contact … tracing, communication methods, testing) Transmission prevention plan for staff: availability of masks, face shields, disinfectant, thermometers, insurance coverage ESS3 Minimizing emissions of Air quality, Construction/Operation Monthly pollutant gases, GHGs, noise, vibration Contractor/ENR/PMU Noise and air dust, and noise levels etc. (Environment, social, measurement Implementing waste Site inspection health and safety costs management plan for good specialists) Training costs including specific disposal housekeeping, of hazardous material safe storage of waste, Site supervision, Verification of records, IDs, complaints etc. Field reports Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 295 Progress reports … ESS4 Labor management plan Field reports Construction/Operation Monthly including code of conduct Measurement Contractor/ENR/PMU Noise and air to be made available to devices (air Health and safety measurement public quality, noise specialist and social costs Provision of adequate levels) specialist lighting Site inspection ESMP including proper visits delineation of Periodic construction works, reports proper and secure Grievance log storage of materials and … equipment inaccessible to community, plan works outside of rush hours to minimize exposure to community, Traffic management plan including speed limit of vehicles Communication strategy Scope: raise awareness of the community members on health and safety measures. Grievance mechanism Mitigation measure: addressing complaints of community, grievance mechanism including anonymous channels Railway Improvement and Safety for Egypt Project for Railway Corridor Alexandria - Nag Hammadi Project Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 296