March/2015 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 100404 DEMOGRAPHICS LIVING BELOW US$ 2.50 LIVING BETWEEN US$ 2.50- 5.00 LIVING ABOVE US$ 5.00 GENDER AT A GLANCE POPULATION BY AGE AND POVERTY STATUS (MILLIONS), 2010 Source: World Bank ECATSD using ECAPOV. BELARUS 65-older 55-64 45-54 GNI per capita (Atlas Method, US$)1 6,730 (2013) 35-44 Population living below US$2.50 2 0% (2012) 25-34 Population living below US$5.00 2 1% (2012) 15-24 GNI per capita loss due to gender gaps in the 0-14 labor market Most recent…. 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 Women Men Government Gender Action Plan 2011-2015 3 Country Gender Assessment 2014 WOMEN 1 Source: WDI. 2 World Bank ECATSD using ECAPOV. 3 World Bank. EDUCATION MEN SHARE OF TERTIARY GRADUATES BY AREA OF STUDY (%), 2012 MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL PROGRESS Source: World Bank Gender Statistics. Ratio of girls to boys in primary 99 (2002) 100 (2012) Health education Education Ratio of girls to boys in secondary 96 (2012) Humanities and arts education Social science, business and law Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary 137 (2002) 140 (2012) Science education Servi ces Share of women in wage employment 53% (2002) 52% (2012) Engineeri ng, manufacturing and construction in the non-agricultural sector Agriculture Proportion of seats held by women in 10% (2002) 30% (2015) national parliament 0% 50% 100% Source: World Bank Gender Statistics, Inter Parliamentary Union. WOMEN JOBS MEN SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR* (%), 2009 GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year Source: KILM. *Sectors include those with highest shares of total employment Sector share of WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM total employment Global Gender Gap Index 0.7300 1 32/142 2014 Health and social work 8% UNDP Education 7% Gender Inequality Index 0.1520 0 28/152 2013 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor 10% vehicles and motorcy cles OECD Real estat e, rent ing and business activities 22% Social Institutions & Gender Index 0.0335 0 12/108 2014 Not classifiable by economic activ ity 6% EU Manufacturing 5% Gender Equality Index - 100 - 2013 Agriculture, hunti ng and forestry 12% Transport, storage and communications 9% Const ruction 7% 0% 50% 100% EMPLOYMENT BY AGE GROUP (%), 2010 Source: World Bank ECATSD using ECAPOV. 100 80 60 40 20 0 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 The constitution of Belarus guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal ownership LEGAL FRAMEWORK and inheritance rights to property. The default marital property regime is partial community of property. There are laws re- stricting the industries in which women may work. More specifically, there are restrictions regarding the employment of women in 252 jobs in the areas of mining, construction, metalworking, factories, jobs requiring lifting weights above a threshold, and jobs deemed hazardous or arduous. Women are entitled to 126 calendar days of maternity leave with 100% of wages paid. Parents are entitled to an additional 1,039 days of partially paid parental leave. The law guarantees pregnant and nursing women workplace protections from dismissal, placement in an equivalent position when they return from maternity leave, and rights to a flexible schedule. The law stipulates public provision of childcare for children under the age of primary education. The age at which men and women can retire and receive full bene- fits is 60 and 55, respectively. There is legislation specifically addressing domestic violence that includes emotional, financial, physical, and sexual abuse. Source: Women, Business, and the Law (2013). Europe & Central Upper Middle KEY INDICATORS Male Belarus Female Male Asia Female Male OECD Female Income Male Female Year* Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross pre primary enrollment (% of relevant age group)1 104 101 78 77 69 69 2012 Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 99 99 102 102 102 101 119 115 2012 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group)1 108 104 100 98 98 98 87 89 2012 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 77 107 57 69 65 77 31 37 2012 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 1 100 99 99 99 96 92 2009 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 1 21 28 26 32 26 31 2009 Life expectancy at birth (years) 1 67 78 73 80 77 83 72 76 2012 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births)1 - 1 - 18 - 21 - 57 2013 1 - 1.6 - 1.7 - 1.8 - 1.9 2012 Fertility rate (births per woman) Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64)1 70 62 78 63 79 62 82 62 2013 Unemployment (% of labor force) 1 7.3 4.3 9.7 9.5 8.0 8.0 6.0 5.7 2013 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24) 1 12.0 12.6 21.7 22.4 17.5 17.2 14.2 16.0 2013 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 1 4 2 22 16 18 13 2009 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 living in household 2 Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms)1 - 44 - - - 2013 Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's wages, unadjusted) 2 - 26 - 23 - - 2012 Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+)1 59 58 73 66 86 80 62 53 2011 1 Land owners (% of adult population) Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 3 - 30 - 20 - - 2015 Share of women among members of municipal councils or other local area governing - 70 - 31 - - 2013 2 bodies Firms with female top managers (%)1 - 33 - - - 2013 Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 1 - 3 - 21 - 27 - 15 2014 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife4 Women who have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a partner and/or non- - - - - 5 partner since the age of 15 *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Source: 1 World Bank Gender Statistics. 2 UNECE. 3 Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of 1/ 1/2015). 4 Demographic and Health Survey. 5 EU Violence Against Women Survey. ABOUT THE DATA Where possible, data is from harmonized regionally comparable sources. All numbers based on microdata in this document calculated by the Europe and Central Asia Team for Statistical Development (ECATSD) are produced using the 2005 PPPs, as the use of the 2011 PPPs in the calculation of global poverty estimates still requires additional analysis. This note was produced by the Poverty Global Practice at the World Bank Group. All indicators are as of 03/19/15 QUESTIONS? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at http://data.worldbank.org/topic/gender .