33508 BANK-NETHERLANDS WATER PARTNERSHIP WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION WINDOWS PROGRESS REPORT FIRST SEMESTER, 2004 JANUARY 1 ­ JUNE 30, 2004 Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership -Water Supply and Sanitation Windows www.worldbank.org/watsan/bnwp 1818 H street NW, Washington DC 20433 USA · Bnwp@worldbank.org · tel. 1-202-4587796 BANK NETHERLANDS WATER PARTNERSHIP WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION WINDOWS SEMI-ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FIRST SEMESTER, 2004 JANUARY 1 ­ JUNE 30, 2004 1. THE BANK-NETHERLANDS WATERPARTNERSHIP­ WATERSUPPLY AND SANITATION WINDOWS The mission of the Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership (BNWP) is to improve delivery of water supply and sanitation services to the poor. The partnership enhances performance of World Bank operations in the water supply and sanitation sector and supports a broad sector reform agenda with a strong poverty focus. BNWP activities center on providing support to solve immediate problems with actual cases, testing policy and service delivery innovations, and plugging gaps in existing knowledge in the WSS sector as a whole. The BNWP is managed as a cohesive program based on good quality projects and activities, and is complementary to other sources of funding. BNWP projects are targeted interventions that support implementation of structural changes. A typical project fosters South-South collaboration and includes pilots in the field. All project proposals are quality-assured through peer review by reviewers chosen from within and outside the World Bank. More details on the work done by BNWP are available at www.worldbank.org/watsan/bnwp or by writing to bnwp@worldbank.org. 2. THE SEMI-ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT 2.1 PURPOSE This Semi-Annual Progress Report outlines the progress in work of the Water Supply and Sanitation Windows of the Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership during the first semester of 2004 (January 1 to June 30, 2004). The purpose of the Semi-Annual Progress Report is to: Front page photo credits: Zita Lichtenberg/World Bank (top), D. Sansoni/World Bank (bottom) 1 · report outputs and activities of the various BNWP projects and activities · report disbursements that allows comparison with outputs · facilitate identification of links and common interests between various projects of BNWP · increase transparency of BNWP operations. 2.2 STRUCTURE OF THE SEMI-ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT The Semi-Annual Progress Report is organized with a main text with an annex giving the detailed progress reports for each project and activity. 3. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SEMESTER During the January-June 2004 period, BNWP projects and activities remained at cruising speed, with several of the flagship projects advancing rapidly toward finalization. As a follow up to a review of the BNWP portfolio, it was decided to (i) approve additional funding for two BNWP projects, (ii) adjust in a downward direction the funding for another two projects, and (iii) give special priority to sanitation as well as strong gender and poverty components in the allocation of the remaining BNWP funds. 3.1 NEW PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES No new projects or activities were approved and/or begun during the period. 3.2 CLOSED PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES The following projects and activities were finalized in this semester: · Assessing Resource Flows for Water Supply and Sanitation within a PRSP Framework (#061) ­ The main objective of this activity was to develop a framework to assess the flow of resources for WSS and their link to sector reforms. The activity was carried out in two phases. During phase one, fieldwork was undertaken to assess resource flows in the Ethiopian WSS sector. A framework was developed and field-tested in Ethiopia, providing input to the chapter on WSS in the Public Expenditure Review (PER). In the second phase, the framework was generalized as a model for other countries in Sub Saharan Africa for incorporating WSS in standard reviews that underpin emerging programmatic approaches. Ethiopia's WSS sector benefited from the activity's contribution to the preparation of the PER chapter as well as input into the preparation of a large-scale WSS project. 3.3 EVENTS During the period, the BNWP sponsored or provided input to the following events: 2 · During Water Week 2004 (February 24-26, 2004, Washington DC) eight sessions were mainly based on BNWP projects and activities. The sessions were well attended (50-120 participants) and highly interactive. The sessions included: Ø HowtoEngagewiththePublicandPrivateSectorsinUrbanWaterSupplyand Sanitation (BNWP #033, BNWP #059) Ø GivingVoicetoConsumers(BNWPProject#006) Ø ProspectsofWaterDesalinationintheMiddleEastandCentralAsia(BNWP #012) Ø StrengtheningtheRoleoftheLocalPrivateSectorinDeliveryofWSSServices (BNWP #074) Ø FinancingInfrastructurePartII:LeveragingFinanceforWaterSupplyand Sanitation (BNWP #080) Ø HygienePromotion:HowtoDrivetheMessageHome(BNWPProject#008) Ø SomeoneHastoPayforIt(PartI):CostRecoveryandSubsidiesforWater Supply (BNWP #055) Ø SustainabilityofRuralWaterSupplySystems:MonitoringandFollow-up Support (BNWP #007) · The preliminary draft of the updated toolkit on public-private participation in the WSS sector (BNWP #059) was reviewed by sector experts in a half-day workshop (February 2004, Washington DC). · A workshop where findings from the study Consumer Cooperatives: An Alternative Institutional Model for Delivery of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Services? (BNWP #081) were presented and discussed with sector professionals (May 2004, Washington, DC). · Preliminary findings from BNWP #033 Modes of Engagement with Public Sector WSS in Developing Countries were presented at an internal workshop. Sector experts provided comments on the findings and suggestions for further work (March 2004, Washington, DC). · Findings from the BNWP #006 Urban WSS Sector Reform: Building Capacity for Civil Society Engagement were presented to consumer organizations at a workshop in Dakar, Senegal, in March 2004. Information and input provided from consumer organizations during the workshop has been included in a report synthesizing the lessons learned from the project. The report is expected to be published in the second half of 2004. · A workshop was organized under BNWP #057 Market Development for Private Water Utility Management in the Europe and Central Asia Region (May 6, 2004, Washington DC). At the workshop, results from a market survey of international companies were presented and discussed. · In a workshop sponsored under BNWP #007 Follow-Up Support to Communities after Construction of RWSS Facilities findings were presented from a literature review investigating post-construction sustainability factors in RWSS projects and analytical 3 approaches to measuring sustainability (February 2004, Washington DC). The literature review is a precursor to a multi-country field study to be carried out during the second phase of the project. · A workshop presenting the first results of research conducted under BNWP #062 Methodology of Baseline Analysis of Water Distribution Performance and BNWP #083 Public Reporting WSS Utilities on Consumer-Oriented Issues was held in June, 2004 (Washington, DC). The BNWP research presented dealt with the development of an appropriate monitoring framework for regulatory oversight of water utilities. · Findings from the regional desalination study under BNWP #012 Trends in the Desalination Market in the Middle East and Central Asia were presented in a keynote speech at the "Desalination Strategies in South Mediterranean Countries" Conference, held in Marrakech, Morocco, May 30­June 3, 2004. 3.4 PUBLICATIONS Publications from projects and activities included: · The report Can the Principles of Franchising be Used to Improve Water Supply and Sanitation Services? A Preliminary Analysis was published as part of the World Bank's Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Board Discussion Paper Series. The publication is available in hardcopy and via BNWP's website at www.worldbank.org/watsan/bnwp. The Urban WSS Sector Reform: Building Capacity for Civil Society Engagement project (BNWP #006) finalized the report "Moving from Protest to Proposal: Building the Capacity of Consumer Organizations to Engage on Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Reform". The report synthesizes the lessons learned from the project. The synthesis report will be published in English and French and was at the end of the reporting period being prepared for printing. As BNWP projects and activities proceed with implementation and are finalized, a substantial number of outputs are becoming available. During the period, the BNWP management team developed a strategy for the publication and dissemination of these outputs. In addition to the above listed Sector Board Discussion Paper, another six BNWP reports had undergone editing and were awaiting publication at the end of the period. Of the six reports, one is expected to be published in the WSS Sector Board Discussion Paper series and the remaining five in the upcoming Water and Sanitation Working Notes series. 3.5 IMPACT ON WORLD BANK OPERATIONS During the reporting period, BNWP-funded work has continued to positively impact World Bank operations both in terms of broad sector approaches and in terms of specific support to client countries. 4 Over the past 12 months, the World Bank Group's (WBG) infrastructure business model has evolved to respond to changes in the environment in which the Bank operates, with significant inputs from BNWP work. The World Bank's Infrastructure Action Plan presents a new infrastructure business model and sets out a series of measures to revitalize the WBG's infrastructure business. Key inputs from BNWP flagship projects and activities into the development of the revised business model in the WSS sector include: · Lessons learned from BNWP's project on Modes of Public Engagement in WSS (BNWP #033) informs approaches to operating across the entire spectrum of public and private. These new approaches have been documented in Operational Guidance Note for World Bank Group Staff -- Public and Private Sector Roles in Water Supply and Sanitation, which was published in April 2004. At the same time the update of the Toolkit for Public Private Partnership in the water supply and sanitation sector (BNWP #059) will help to operationalize new approaches at the private end of the spectrum, with a specific focus on interventions to benefit the poor. · The ongoing activity on the Distributional Impact of Utilities Subsidies (BNWP #055) is supporting the implementation of the new WBG approach to cost recovery. The new WBG approach maintains cost recovery as a goal, while allowing for greater flexibility in determining the period of time over which to obtain this goal. The results of the state-of- the-art synthesis of recent empirical research on the distributional impact of utilities subsidies are expected inform design and sequencing of subsidy schemes. · The BNWP-sponsored Comparative Review of Risk Mitigation Instruments and Design of a Framework for Financing Pro-Poor Water Investments and Sub-Sovereign Governments (#080) has been a major force behind the recent increase in the WBG's direct financing to sub- sovereign entities, including the business development by the recently established Bank/IFC Municipal Fund and innovative approaches to support sub-sovereign entities in many new WSS projects, such as those in Colombia and the Philippines. · The BNWP-sponsored Toolkit for Rural Water and Sanitation Components in Multi-Sector Projects (#042) enhances the quality and timeliness of multi-sectoral operations, including urban and rural development and environmental projects, accounting for approximately 50 percent of Bank lending in the WSS sector. BNWP-funded projects and activities also played a positive role in relation to the WBG's lending portfolio, and directly enhanced the its support to client countries. For example: · BNWP-funded seed activities on public-private partnerships to promote handwashing with soap (BNWP #008) have been mainstreamed in WBG operations in Ghana and Senegal and are being adopted in Bank operations in Colombia and Vietnam in the near future. The projects will scale up improvements in hygiene practices in these countries and are expected to result in positive health gains, in particular for poor women and children. 5 · The new Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Ethiopia, approved in May 2004, adopts innovative approaches developed under the BNWP Towns WSS Initiative (BNWP #043) and a BNWP activity to asses resource flows for WSS within a PRSP framework (BNWP #061). The Ethiopia project scales up approaches developed in BNWP to (i) improve institutional arrangements and capacity for planning, implementation, and management of WSS services in a decentralized environment and (ii) increase WSS coverage with improved efficiency, quality, and sustainability of services in urban and rural communities. · The new National Urban Water Sector Reform Project in Nigeria (approved June 2004) benefited from the BNWP work on Franchising in WSS in Large Urban Settlements (BNWP #085). The project aims to improve reliability and financial viability of selected urban water utilities. The design of the project was enhanced through a workshop in Lagos in November bringing together over forty representatives of public and private entities. The workshop examined how the principles of franchising could provide decision- makers in Nigeria with an additional tool for transferring knowledge and best practices to the WSS industry. · The Study Tour from Lima Water Utility to Brazil on Peri-Urban Condominal Water and Sewerage Systems (#084) enhanced the Lima Water Project. The project will provide first time water and sanitation service to 130,000 poor people in peri-urban neighborhoods. The BNWP activity informed the choice of use of innovative technologies to minimize cost by showing real life examples of working condominal systems. · In Sri Lanka, BNWP Project #005 Pro-Poor Transaction Designsponsored workshops with civil society organizations (CSOs) to discuss steps for introducing private participation in Sri Lanka's management of water supply and sanitation systems. The Sri Lankan Government included CSOs as partners in consultation during the formative steps of their private participation arrangements. Planning meetings with CSOs served to provide guidance for future inclusion of CSOs in the formation of the private participation arrangements. 4. OVERVIEW OFPRESENTPORTFOLIO The total value of the present portfolio of projects and activities is USD 6.2 million. This budget includes projects and activities that are approved by (the chair of) the Sector Board. In addition, pre-qualified projects under development amount to a budget of USD 595,000. The planned and actual disbursement per semester is presented in Figure 1. The approved budget of USD 6.2 million leverages co-financing of USD 2.5 million from other funding sources. In the reporting period, unexpected high levels of leveraged funds resulted in lower than anticipated disbursements, as illustrated in Figure 1. 6 $1,600,000 $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,000,000 Planned $800,000 Actual $600,000 $400,000 $200,000 $- 2002-I 2002-II 2003-I 2003-II 2004-I 2004-II 2005-I 2005-II Figure 1: Planned and actual disbursement per semester. BNWP Portfolio: Windows BNWP Portfolio: Regions Global Rural WSS Africa East Asia & Pacific Urban WSS Europe & Central Asia Financing Systems Latin America & Caribbean Sanitation and Hygiene Middle East & N. Africa Capacity-Building South Asia Figure 2: Breakdown of portfolio per window Figure 3: Breakdown of portfolio per region 7 The focus of the present portfolio is summarized in figures 2 and 3 (above). The majority of the portfolio is global or located in Africa or South Asia. This is in line with the needs for the Millennium Development Goals. BNWP-WSS sponsored initiatives are predominantly located within the rural WSS, urban WSS, and sanitation and hygiene windows. 5. FINANCIAL ANDPROGRESS REPORT Table 1 gives a specification of accumulated progress as well as disbursement per window. Total disbursements for the period January 1 ­ June 30, 2004, reached USD867,414. This constitutes 73% of the planned budget for the first semester of 2004. Lower than anticipated disbursements were largely attributable to higher than expected leveraged funds, in particular for projects and activities in the Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion window for which USD200K of additional leveraged funds were made available. The outputs achieved in the first semester of 2004 amount to 87% of the targets set for the semester. This number represents a weighted average of the individual project achievements, as specified in the annex. While four of five windows are performing as anticipated, performance for the WSS in Rural Areas and Small Towns window corresponded to 78% the semester target. The delay experienced under the WSS in Rural Areas and Small Towns window was attributable to a slow start-up of the implementation phase for BNWP Project #007 Follow- Up Support to Communities after Construction of Rural WSS Facilities. At the end of the reporting period, however, project implementation had been brought up to speed. Window Performance Semi-Annual Disbursements (% of target) Budget (USD) USD % of budget WSS in rural areas and small towns 78% 272,300 189,794 70% Reform of urban WSS 89% 496,300 448,651 90% Dev. of sustainable financing systems 99% 77,900 40,216 52% Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion 94% 155,000 35,912 23% Capacity-building 92% 139,000 102,069 73% Program coordination N/A 55,000 53,481 92% Grand Total 87% 1,195,500 867,414 73% Table 1: Progress and disbursements per window. 8 6. PLANS FOR THE NEXT SIX MONTHS BNWP projects and activities will continue their solid progress in the second semester of 2004. Two BNWP flagship projects and several activities are expected to reach finalization during the next six months. BNWP will allocate remaining funds to new projects and activities, with a special focus on the area of sanitation and giving preference to innovative approaches emphasizing poverty and gender. The Partnership will continue its efforts within capacity- building and dissemination of outputs. We expect to have at least six publications ready and several others in the pipeline at the end of the upcoming reporting period, making available the expanded analytical work and exploration of new instruments carried out under the BNWP program. 9 ANNEX: OVERVIEW PER PROJECT ORACTIVITY Title Short description Approved Windows Current status Project period Semi-Annual # budget1 performance2 (USD) 005 Pro-poor transaction design; Upstream Ensuring that urban water sector reforms involving 769,000 Urban WSS Operational Nov 02 ­ Feb 05 80% work for private sector participation the private sector are more effective at increasing and reform access and service quality for poor consumers 006 PPP in urban WSS: building capacity Addressing the role of civil society in public private 229,250 Urban WSS Operational Nov 02 ­ Sep 04 100% for civil society engagement partnership transactions and build capacity of key Capacity building civil society groups, and policy makers to engage positively in the reform process 007 Follow up support to communities afterIdentifying the types of follow -up support to 545,000 Rural WSS Operational Nov 02 ­ May 05 77% construction of rural WSS facilities communities after the construction of rural water and sanitation Facilities that are needed to enable sustainability 008 Public private partnership to promote Promoting partnership between the soap industry, 850,000 Hygiene & Operational Jun 02 ­ April 05 101% handwashing with soap public agencies and NGOs to provide soap and sanitation promote handwashing with soap to decrease diarrhoeal diseases 012 Trends in the Desalination Market in Improving the understanding among Bank staff and 456,000 Urban WSS Operational Jun 02 ­ Oct 04 100% the Middle East and Central Asia clients in the Middle East and Central Asia of recent developments in the desalination industry 015 Consultation workshop with African Organizing a three day high-level seminar of 40,567 Urban WSS Closed Feb 02- Jun 02 N/A water operators in Dakar African water policy decision makers to develop a roadmap on how to improve capacity of water ministries in implementing sector reform 020 State of the art hygiene and sanitation Supporting the implementation of effective 530,000 Rural WSS Operational Jun 02 ­ Jun 05 85% promotion component design of large instruments for improving hygiene and sanitation Hygiene & scale RWSS programs behaviours in rural communities in the context of Sanitation large-scale rural water supply and sanitation projects 021 Addis Ababa International Conference Organizing a conference to take stock of the 50,000 Rural WSS Closed Apr 02 ­ Jan 03 N/A "Water Supply and Sanitation Serviceslessons learned on water supply and sanitation in Urban WSS in Small Towns and Multi-Village small towns and to launch the new BWNPP small Schemes" town initiative 026 Scaling up sustainable rural water Characterizing the necessary supporting 43,962 Rural WSS Closed Feb 02 ­Jan 03 N/A supply services environment for successful scaling up of sustainable rural water supply services, such as demand response approac hes 033 Modes of engagement with public Developing better performing public sector water 628,000 Urban WSS Operational Jun 02 ­ Jun 05 90% sector WSS in developing countries utilities in developing countries.- identifying, Capacity building categorizing and analyzing various international models for public sector water service provision 1Approved budget = initial approved and adjusted budget. 2Semi-annual performance = Progress achieved on key activity/project outputs expressed as a percentage of planned progress on these outputs . (Indicator as developed for project management under GWP). Title Short description Approved Windows Current status Project period Semi-Annual # budget performance (USD) 042 Toolkit for Rural Water and Sanitation Providing task teams with guidelines and tools for 46,842 Rural WSS Closed Mar 02 ­Sep 02 N/A Components in Multi-Sector Projects designing, implementing, and monitoring & evaluating RWS components in multi-sectoral projects 043 Town Water Supply and Sanitation Building appropriate models for service provision 1,030,000 Rural WSS Operational Jun 02 ­ Jun 05 71% Initiative for town water supplies, by identifying, assessing Urban WSS and market testing professional support options for town water supply, and by investigating ways to aggregate towns 050 Evaluation of Pro-Poor Subsidies for Assessing the effectiveness of the subsidy 50,000 Financing systems Operational May 02 ­ Jul 04 100% Urban Water Services in West-Africa schemes used in Senegal and Ivory Coast in providing piped water supply to the poor 051 Developing a Flowchart for Providing support to the Argentina's Renegotiations 50,000 Financing systems Operational May 02 ­ Nov 04 95% Renegotiations: Assistance to Commission in defining the renegotiation process, Urban WSS Argentina's Concession Contract and renegotiation policies and strategy, and Renegotiations Commission developing a flowchart on renegotiation that can be applied in other countries 052 Franchising in Water Supply and Investigating the potential of franchising as a 50,000 Rural WSS Operational Jun 02 ­ Aug 04 100% Sanitation means of providing water and sanitation services in Urban WSS small and medium sized towns and in marginal urban areas 053 Good Governance to Improve Water Developing a methodology to assess governance 45,000 Urban WSS Operational Mar 03 ­ Jun 05 64% Supply and Sanitation Services for the regimes in urban water supply and sanitation sector Poor 054 Development of an African Sanitation Assessing the state of sanitation and hygiene in 44,145 Hygiene & Closed Jun 02 ­ Aug 03 N/A and Hygiene Strategy (phase I) Africa, sharing experiences and lessons learned by Sanitation people and organizations working in this field, and raising the profile of sanitation and hygiene in Africa 055 Distributional Impact of Utilities Editing and publication of a book synthesizing 50,000 Financing systems Operational Apr 03 ­ Mar 05 100% Subsidies recent empirical research on the distributional impact of utilities subsidies. 057 Market Development for Private Water Assessing the possibilities of how to increase the 50,000 Urban WSS Operational Mar 30 ­ Dec 04 89% Utility Management in the ECA Region number of players in the market, risks for the private sector and consumers 059 Updating the toolkit for Public Private Updating the toolkit for PPP in the water sector to 50,000 Urban WSS Operational Mar 03 ­ Oct 04 100% Partnership in the water supply and include new development and increase focus on sanitation sector "pro-poor" design issues, small scale providers, and the use of output-based aid. Title Short description Approved Windows Current status Project period Semi-Annual # budget performance (USD) 060 Improving efficiency and competition Disseminating and tailoring the PSP Toolkit to the 50,000 Urban WSS Operational May 02 ­ Aug 04 100% of WSS provision in medium and small legal, regulatory and social situation of W&S at municipalities in Brazil municipal level in Brazil 061 Assessing Resource Flows for Water Developing a framework to assess the flow of 48,449 Financing systems Closed Sep 02 ­ May 04 100% Supply and Sanitation within a PRSP resources for WSS and their link to sector reforms. Framework The framework will be developed in Ethiopia and generalized for use elsewhere. 062 Methodology of Baseline Analysis of Producing a flexible framework to help project 50,000 Financing systems Operational Sep02 ­Oct 04 100% Water Distribution Performance officers and regulatory agencies to develop appropriate and cost-effective baselines for water utility performance 064 Does Community Involvement Improve Looking into the household decisions to connect to 50,000 Capacity building Operational Sep02 ­ Dec 04 90% Performance of Water Supply the piped water system and an evaluating of the Projects? Evidence from the effectiveness of community/ user involvement in Philippines the design of water supply initiatives in the Philippines 066 Sanitation Sector Study for Indonesia Developing an action plan for sanitation in 50,000 Hygiene & Operational Nov 02 ­ Jun 05 39% Indonesia, including assessment of existing Sanitation situation and evaluation of existing incentives 071 Development of a Tool for Regulatory Developing a more generic dynamic financial 32,000 Financing systems Operational Sep 02 ­ Oct 04 100% Oversight of Water Utilities: A Cash model that can be utilized more generically and can Flow Equilibrium Model (CFEM) serve as an important analytical tool for policy makers as well as professionals. 074 Improving Policy and Business Enhancing the global understanding of SSPs, their 35,000 Urban WSS Operational Dec 02 ­ Sep 04 100% Environments for Small Scale importance in the water supply and sanitation Financing systems Providers of Water Supply and sector, and the impact of the policy and business Sanitation Services environments in which they operate 077 Potential for Domestic Private Sector Exploring innovative methods for increasing private 50,000 Rural WSS Operational Jun 03 ­ Feb 05 91% Participation in Water Supply Service management of water supply and sanitation utilities Urban WSS Delivery in the Europe and Central that may open the domestic market for local Financing systems Asia Region players 078 Pro-Poor Design of Water and Assessing the social dimensions of the WSS 46,000 Urban WSS Operational Sep 03 ­ Oct 04 86% Sanitation Private Sector Participation services in Mauritius in order to address the Transaction in Mauritius specific needs of the poor in the design of a PSP option. 080 Comparative Review of Risk Mitigation Enhancing water supply and sanitation service 50,000 Financing systems Operational Jun 03 ­ Oct 04 100% Instruments and Design of a delivery by strengthening the use of risk mitigation Framework for Financing Pro-Poor instruments and facilitating lending to municipal Water Investments and Sub-Sovereign governments. Governments Title Short description Approved Windows Current status Project period Semi-Annual # budget performance (USD) 081 Consumer Cooperatives: An Identifying and assessing consumer cooperatives 34,200 Urban WSS Operational Jul 03 ­ Dec 04 96% Alternative Institutional Model for in various sectors, with particular emphasis on the Delivery of Urban Water Supply and Bolivian experience in the WSS sector. Sanitation Services? 083 Public Reporting by Water Supply and Reviewing existing experience in, and developing a 50,000 Urban WSS Operational Oct 03 ­ Jan 05 95% Sanitation Utilities on Consumer- framework for, consumer-oriented performance Oriented Issues reporting for the water sector. 084 Study Tour from Lima Water Utility South-south knowledge exchange to facilitate 46,000 Capacity-Building Operational Oct 03 ­Oct 04 100% (SEDAPAL) to Brazil on Peri-Urban sector reform and improve access to WSS services Condominal Water and Sewerage among the poor in Peru. Systems 085 Franchising in Water Supply and Investigating the potential of franchising as a 48,900 Urban WSS Operational Oct 03 ­ Jan 05 95% Sanitation -- Phase 2: Large Urban means of providing water and sanitation services in Capacity-Building Settlements large urban settlements, using Lagos, Nigeria as an illustration.