CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM CAWEP Annual Report 2019 © 2020 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: +1 (202) 473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org The 2019 CAWEP Team Christina Leb, former CAWEP Program Manager (until June 30, 2019) William Young, CAWEP Program Manager Azad Abdulhamid, Water Security Pillar Leader Husam Mohamed Beides, Energy Security Pillar Leader Gayane Minasyan, Water-Energy Linkages Pillar Leader Togzhan Alibekova, Field-based Program Liaison ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CAWEP is a regional knowledge and technical assistance partnership administered by the World Bank and funded by the European Union, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The report benefited from inputs from the teams in the Sustainable Development and Infrastructure Global Practice Groups. The CAWEP team, led by William Young, drafted, reviewed, and coordinated production of, the report. Editorial review was provided by the World Bank Europe and Central Asia External Communications team. Valuable comments were provided by David Michaud, Water Global Practice Manager, Sameer Shukla, Energy and Extractives Global Practice Manager, and Sascha Djumena, Country Program Coordinator. DISCLAIMER This work is a product of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the World Bank and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. 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CAWEP Annual Report 2019 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 About CAWEP.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 Regional Context......................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 2019 Focus Areas......................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Program Allocations and Disbursements.....................................................................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 1. REGIONAL AND COUNTRY CONTEXT.........................................................................................................................................................5 Regional Context......................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Country Context........................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER 2. PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND PROGRESS SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................9 Program Objective and Structure................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Allocation of Program Funds........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Summary of Activities......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 3. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, FINANCES AND COMMUNICATION............................................................................................... 21 Program Management........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Financial Overview............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Communication and Outreach........................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Looking Ahead........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 24 ANNEX 1. FOCUS AREAS, THEMES, AND ACTIVITIES BY PILLAR....................................................................................................................... 26 Water Security......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Energy Security...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Water-Energy Linkages....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 ANNEX 2. RESULTS FRAMEWORK...................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Program-level Outcomes................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Pillar-level Outcomes: Water Security......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Pillar-level Outcomes: Energy Security....................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Pillar-level Outcomes: Water-Energy Linkages....................................................................................................................................................... 34 CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | i ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BETF Bank-Executed Trust Fund BT Barki Tojik CAHMP Central Asia Hydrometeorology Modernization Project CAMP4ASB Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Program for Aral Sea Basin CASA-1000 Central Asia-South Asia power project CAWEP Central Asia Water and Energy Program CAREC Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation CARECenv Regional Environmental Center for Central Asia CDC Energia Coordinating Dispatch Center Energia DABS Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat DFID United Kingdom Department for International Development EPM Electricity Planning Model EC-IFAS Executive Committee of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea ESCC Energy Sector Coordinating Committee EU European Union HPP Hydropower plant IFAS International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea IWRM Integrated water resource management JSC Joint-stock company PACT Program for Asia Connectivity and Trade RETF Receipient-Executed Trust Fund SECO State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation TUTAP Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan power interconnection project financed by the Asian Development Bank UK United Kingdom USAID United States Agency for International Development WRM Water resource management WSS Water supply and sanitation ii | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 1 This report describes the activities and management of the •• Improved national policy frameworks that guide water Central Asia Water and Energy Program (CAWEP) for the and energy security improvements; period of January 1–December 31, 2019. It is the second •• Informed a regional framework for water and/or energy Annual Report for the third phase (2018–2022) of the security; program. •• Strengthened regional and national institutional About CAWEP capacity for water and energy management; and •• Leveraged/informed US$2.5 billion (US$0.8 billion for CAWEP commenced in 2009 as the Central Asia Energy- the third phase) of World Bank investments that improve Water Development Program and was renamed in 2019. national and regional water and energy security. It is a multi-donor trust fund managed by the World Bank with a US$12.6 million funding envelope, comprising The program has three pillars and three cross-cutting (chronologically) US$3.5 million from the Swiss State themes (Figure 1). Pillar structure and content have been Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), US$1.0 million from adjusted to focus on facilitating water and energy security, the UK Department for International Development (DFID), and the linkages between them. The Water Security Pillar and €7.0 million from the European Union. promotes sustainable and efficient use of shared water resources and integrated water resources management Program design for the third phase was informed by lessons (IWRM). The Energy Security Pillar promotes the security from prior phases, and the program development objective and economic efficiency of energy supply from national to was adjusted to emphasize water security more broadly regional level, and the Water-Energy Linkages Pillar guides and enabling environment strengthening at both regional management of the water-energy nexus and climate-change and national levels. The program development objective adaptation efforts that link two or more countries. is to strengthen the enabling environment to promote water and energy security at regional level and in the An increased emphasis has been placed on building beneficiary countries. This aligns with the World Bank’s institutional capacity, and on dialogue to catalyze regional engagement framework that aims to strengthen investments. National activities are recognized as important connectivity and increase the economic value of water and building blocks for regional water and energy security, and energy resources in the region. Afghanistan has been formally included as a beneficiary country of the program. The program’s long-term vision is to promote sustainable development and livelihood security across the region. It thus finances initiatives that (i) support improvements in water and energy management and development, Regional Context (ii) strengthen national and regional institutions, and Water and energy systems in Central Asia are intertwined (iii) facilitate regional dialogue on water and energy security but poorly coordinated, creating water-energy nexus in order to advance regional cooperation on sustainable challenges. Transboundary rivers, including the Amu development and climate resilience. By the end of Darya and Syr Darya, interconnect Central Asian countries December 2022, the program aims to have: and Afghanistan, and the extensive irrigation systems of the region span national borders. In the past, electricity generated from fossil fuels in the downstream areas, met winter energy demands in the upstream areas, enabling Water Energy Water-Energy reservoir storage of winter flows for subsequent release for Security Security Linkages summer irrigation. National borders thus pose significant challenges for optimal operation of water infrastructure. Data and Diagnostic Analyses Most of the water and hydropower infrastructure requires rehabilitation for improved water productivity and energy efficiency, and for intra- and inter-regional energy trade. Institutions, Capacity and Dialogue Achieving sustainable growth in Central Asia in the context of significant population growth requires effective management Supporting Investments of natural resources. Water productivity across the region is extremely low and more economically efficient use of water Program Management and Communications could both increase agricultural productivity, and support broader economic growth, including through increased FIGURE 1. CAWEP PILLAR AND THEME STRUCTURE hydropower production and trade. 2 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Damien Pearson from Rubicon Water presents Australian experience in modernization of canals at the regional workshop on irrigation modernization on November 19, 2019, in Almaty, Kazakhstan. In 2018, the presidents of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, CAWEP supports economic development across the region Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and a high-level representative of in ways mutually beneficial for all countries (for example, Turkmenistan, met in Nur-Sultan for the first time in nearly through IWRM, climate change adaptation, renewable a decade. 2019 was characterized by dynamic regional energy) through regional discussions and knowledge and national geopolitics. Nine Central Asia Regional exchange, networking youth, technical-level experts, Economic Co-operation (CAREC) member countries signed academia and decision-makers. CAWEP efforts are closely a historic ten-point declaration to accelerate cross-border aligned with the Bank’s overall regional engagement and co-operation on energy and promote creation of a regional its strategic vision for the water and energy sectors in the energy market. The CAREC Energy Strategy will guide efforts region. CAWEP capitalizes on the Bank’s ongoing policy until 2030 towards achieving regional energy security. dialogue with governments and the Bank’s position as Driven by regional economic growth, regional electricity a trusted and neutral development partner. This allows demand will increase by 50 percent by 2030. Meeting CAWEP to explore opportunities for cross-border dialogue this demand will require significant investment, as well and activities that support country efforts to improve water institutional reforms and capacity development, all of which and energy security. CAWEP analytical work and investment CAWEP is well placed to support. support helps Central Asian countries prioritize investment decisions and informs implementation of development Water and energy reforms at national level are generally finance. progressing well, relations between countries are improving, and the appetite for regional dialogue is increasing. Nonetheless, countries are yet to articulate a shared vision for regional water and energy security. 2019 Focus Areas The capacity of regional institutions, which are mandated to tackle these issues, remains low, and institutional The 2019 work plan included 27 activities: nine under arrangements continue to be undermined by limited trust. the Water Security Pillar, nine under the Energy Security The International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) – the Pillar, seven under the Water-Energy Linkages Pillar, and only well-established institution mandated to facilitate supporting program management and communications. regional cooperation on environmental sustainability and CAWEP builds on prior program phases with increased socio-economic development – is currently constrained emphasis on national activities as building blocks for as not all member countries are fully engaged. Central regional security. Regional technical and policy dialogue Asian countries accept the need to reform IFAS, some are together with capacity building, remain important for however, reluctant to alter the status quo, and alternative promoting cooperation. Focus areas in 2019 for the three suggestions for reform reflect different national interests. program pillars are shown in Figure 2. CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 3 Energy Security Pillar REGIONAL WATER AND •• Diversification into renewable energy in Uzbekistan and ENERGY SECURITY assessment of hydropower development in the Kyrgyz Republic. •• Broad measures to strengthen the financial standing Improved Regional and institutional capacity in Tajikistan. Regional Regional Power Coordination •• Continued capacity building and regional cooperation, Water Trade and Capacity including for the regional Coordinating Dispatch Center Management Building Energia and the dispatch centers of six beneficiary countries. •• Regional dialogue through engagement with the Central Modernization National Energy Environmental Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program, and of Agriculture Sector Capacity Management pursuit of regional integration and electricity trade. •• An exploration of the technical, operational, and legal requirements for integration of Afghanistan into the Capacity Landscape Central Asian power system. Building and Hydropower Management Knowledge Development for Water and Water-Energy Linkages Pillar Exchange Energy Security •• New efforts for climate and integrated landscape actions and Resilience in Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic, and innovative solutions for environmental management in Kazakhstan Sub-Basin and Uzbekistan. Water Management •• Analysis to support environmental management of the growing power sector investment in Tajikistan. •• Regional knowledge and capacity building in water National resources management, energy and climate. Water Sector Management FIGURE 2. CAWEP KEY FOCUS AREAS IN 2019 Program Allocations and Disbursements In 2019, following EU funding contributions, CAWEP Water Security Pillar allocated an additional US$6.48 million to reach a total •• New efforts supporting water resources management allocation of US$8.76 million. A total of 27 activities were across the region. supported in 2019, five of which were launched during the •• Analysis of the irrigation sector in the region as the basis 2019 calendar year; one activity was completed during for formulating sector recommendations. 2019. The first recipient-executed grant (to Tajikistan) was •• Communication of key water security messages via a approved during 2019, under the Energy Security Pillar. brochure (Towards Water Secure Sustainable Economies) Disbursements for 2019 were US$1.3 million or 15 percent to stimulate policy dialogue across the region. of the allocated funds. •• New work to strengthen water supply and sanitation Funding allocations to-date are: Water Security (41 percent), regionally. Energy Security (22 percent), Water-Energy Linkages •• Strengthening hydro-meteorological services including (29 percent), and program management and monitoring, forecasting and user-focused impact-based communications (8 percent). Total disbursement to the end early warning of mountain hazards. of 2019 exceeded US$2.0 million or 23 percent of the total •• Supporting water sector modernization, including allocated funds. promoting IWRM in Tajikistan with a focus on the Vakhsh River Basin. •• Strengthening Tajik-Afghan cooperation on hydro- meteorological services in the Panj River, including early warnings, climate change modelling, and glacier studies. 4 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 REGIONAL AND COUNTRY CONTEXT CHAPTER 1 CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 5 Since inception, the CAWEP vision has been to foster first time Central and West Asian energy ministers have improved water and energy security including through met to discuss regional energy challenges. The declaration regional cooperation in the management of shared supports regional efforts for development of national and resources. Current efforts build on past successes and regional energy markets including promoting private sector the positive indicators and outcomes from recent regional participation and investment, enhancing regional power dialogue. During 2019, regional and national geopolitics interconnections, and stronger commitment to renewable were positive and dynamic, and the intense World Bank energy and clean technology. Ministers also endorsed a engagement during the year thus proved to be very new ten-year Energy Strategy that provides a roadmap for productive as highlighted in the summaries below. regional energy security. Following the Ministerial Dialogue, officials joined the opening of the two-day fourth CAREC Energy Investment Forum. The forum, designed to unlock and guide private investment, was attended by diverse Regional Context stakeholders. Water Security. At the Second Consultative Meeting of the Regional tensions have reduced in the wake of reforms Heads of Central Asian States (November 2019, Tashkent) in Uzbekistan and government efforts to build friendly a high-level proposal was introduced expressing the need relations with neighboring countries. These efforts have “to deepen engagement with each individual country to led to bilateral agreements on trade, energy, transport, re-evaluate perceived needs and opportunities for regional and investment. Uzbekistan has resumed gas supply activities that strengthen water-energy security in the region to Tajikistan and expressed interest in supporting as a whole.” The presidents acknowledged the importance hydropower development in Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic. of “in-demand dialogue platform to discuss urgent issues Uzbekistan and Tajikistan have agreed to reconnect of regional cooperation”, with energy, water resources, their power transmission networks as a first step toward agriculture and environment, among others, identified as resynchronizing the Tajikistan grid with the Central Asia key areas for cooperation. Several initiatives have been grid. Recent progress on the CASA-1000 and TUTAP Power proposed relating to optimal use of water and energy and Interconnection projects has increased market interest in their nexus with environmental sustainability. IFAS engages trade and in third-party electricity supply between Central “for the purpose of improving the social, economic, and and South Asia. ecological situation in the basin of the Aral Sea”, and in 2019, the chairmanship of the Executive Committee of IFAS These developments are very positive signs given the passed from Turkmenistan to Tajikistan. current resource distribution and infrastructure challenges across the region. Driven by regional economic growth, Analytical work undertaken by the World Bank culminated regional electricity demands will increase by 50 percent in the preparation of the Towards Water Secure Sustainable by 2030. Meeting this demand will require significant Economies brochure that highlights three proposed areas investment, continued planning and market reforms, for national and regional action. Two of these action areas national and regional capacity development, all of which were further explored with through regional dialogue events CAWEP is well placed to support. in November, that assembled international, regional, and national water stakeholders. The first, Towards Sustainable Water-Energy Linkages. The Central Asia Climate Change and Climate-Resilient Water Supply and Sanitation Services Conference (CACCC-2019) was held in April in Tashkent, in Central Asia, was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan; the Uzbekistan. Over 400 participants discussed climate second, Towards Regional Initiatives for Modernizing change priorities for the region and identified the specific Irrigation in the 21st Century, was held in Almaty, tasks and areas of cooperation to promote climate change Kazakhstan. These events provided direction to future adaptation. CACCC-2019 was a continuation of the World national and regional engagement efforts. Bank climate change knowledge and information exchange initiative for Central Asia, organized under the Climate Energy Security. Informed leadership is paramount to Adaptation and Mitigation Program for Aral Sea Basin progress and success. At the First Energy Ministers Dialogue (CAMP4ASB). of Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation of Member States in September in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the nine CAREC member states signed a ten-point declaration to accelerate cross-border cooperation on energy and to boost establishment of a regional energy market. This was the 6 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Country Context three generators, replacement of six autotransformers and enhancement of safety procedures. In September, a Afghanistan: More than 250 water management projects second turbine was commissioned at Rogun hydroelectric were executed during 2019 and nine hydropower dams will power station. As a member of the UN High-Level Panel on be constructed over the next three years. The government Water, Tajikistan convened a side event in September at the noted that these projects provide water and energy access 74th UN General Assembly in New York on Transformative to approximately 147,000 families. Water Actions to Accelerate Global Achievement of Climate Change-Related Goals. This was an opportunity to Kazakhstan: The country’s first president, Nursultan showcase achievements in water management and climate Nazarbayev, resigned in March and Kassym-Jomart Tokayev change and update participants on the implementation of was elected as the new head of state in June. In June, the the International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable new Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources was Development (2018–2028). established, and given the responsibility of managing water resources. The new ministry seeks to improve management Turkmenistan: Bilateral discussions initiated by the of water resources and fight poaching and deforestation. Turkmen-Afghan Coordination Group on water management To this end, a Water Resources Strategy to 2030 is under issues were held in Ashgabat in April to develop a mutually preparation, as is a new Environmental Code. Kazakhstan acceptable mechanism for the integrated and balanced hosted several international events during the year. The use of transboundary waters. An appropriate mechanism 12th Astana Economic Forum in May in Nur-Sultan included would be based on the accepted norms and principles of a session on “Water as a factor of economic growth and international law, considering the interests of all states security in Central Asia” moderated by the Swiss Special in the region. In November, Turkmenistan organized and Envoy for Water in Central Asia. During the event, the World hosted the international conference Rational Use of Water Bank Country Manager for Kazakhstan emphasized that Resources – Key for Achieving Sustainable Development Central Asian economies are not water constrained but are Goals, at which the Global Water Partnership launched its performing far below their water potential. In September, 2020–25 Strategy. the Second Asian Expert Forum Dialogue on Water Issues in Central Asia: from the national to the regional level in Uzbekistan: A Water Strategy to 2030 is under preparation Nur-Sultan discussed the role of regional cooperation based on medium- and long-term goals and priority in addressing water-energy issues. The First Regional areas for development. Presidential resolutions were Summit on Mobilizing Finance to Achieve Sustainable issued on (i) efficient use of land and water in agriculture; Development Goals in November in Almaty focused on (ii) improvements in water resources management; and water, energy and climate resilience, and unlocking private (iii) an agriculture development strategy for 2020–2030. capital and leveraging international resources to accelerate In February, a new Ministry of Energy was established achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. bringing together the oil & gas and power sectors, and in Kyrgyz Republic: In July, the State Water Resource Agency March, a presidential resolution “On strategy for further was established to promote IWRM, ensure rational water development and reform of the electric energy sector use and effective inter-state cooperation. The new agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan” was adopted. In April, combines the departments of Water Resources and Land electricity and water tariff reforms were initiated, and new Improvement, and Development of Drinking Water Supply tariff regulations adopted. These represent a major step and Wastewater Disposal. A forum on Accelerating Reforms towards full cost-recovery for urban water services and for Sustainable Development in November, opened by are supported by multi-year investment planning. The President Sooronbay Jeenbekov, discussed priority areas for Uzbekenergo joint-stock company was reorganized and development IWRM and climate change. A national strategy three new joint-stock companies (Thermal Power Plants, for development of a fuel and energy complex by 2030 was National Electric Grids of Uzbekistan, and Regional Electric drafted. Grids) were established. In October, a strategy to transition Uzbekistan to a green economy by 2030 was approved. Tajikistan: In April, the Government adopted a six- This will ensure obligations under the Paris Agreement on year recovery program for Barki Tojik (BT, the national climate change are met, will prioritize energy efficiency power company) to improve its efficiency and financial improvements, drive development of renewable energy, and sustainability, and commenced the long-awaited capacity guide climate change adaptation efforts. In November, the expansion and modernization of Nurek hydropower Ministry of Housing and Communal Services was entrusted station. The modernization will include refurbishment of with a water accounting function. CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 7 8 | PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND PROGRESS SUMMARY CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 9 EU Ambassador to Kazakhstan Sven-Olov Carlsson and World Bank Water Global Practice Director Steven Schonberger sign an agreement on EU contribution of €7 million to CAWEP on May 23, 2019, in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Program Objective and Structure By the end of December 2022, CAWEP aims to have: •• Improved policy frameworks for water and energy CAWEP is supported by a multi-donor trust fund security that are adopted at national level; implemented by the World Bank. The third phase of •• Informed a framework for regional water and/or energy CAWEP commenced in January 2018 with a US$3.5 million security; commitment from SECO, followed in August 2018, by a US$1.0 million commitment from DFID channeled through •• Strengthened regional and national institutional capacity the Program for Asia Connectivity and Trade (PACT). The UK for water and/or energy management; and contribution supports electricity trade with South Asia and •• Leveraged/informed US$2.5 billion (US$0.8 billion for energy sector activities in Afghanistan, Kyrgyz Republic, the third phase) of World Bank investments that improve Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In May 2019, the European national and regional water and energy security. Union committed €7.0 million, bringing total program CAWEP continues to work with development partners to funding to US$12.6 million. expand efforts to establish the parameters for cooperation The program development objective is to strengthen the at technical and institutional levels, to strengthen enabling environment to promote water and energy security availability of data and information, and to harmonize at regional level and in the beneficiary countries. CAWEP’s sectoral policies and regulations to facilitate cross-border long-term vision is to promote sustainable development and connectivity and trade. livelihood security in Central Asia and Afghanistan. CAWEP finances initiatives that improve water and energy management, develop and strengthen national and regional institutions, or facilitate regional dialogue on water and energy security. The program helps to realize the benefits of regional cooperation to advance sustainable development and climate resilience. 10 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 CAWEP supports (i) data and diagnostic analyses, Allocation of Program Funds (ii) institutions, capacity and dialogue, and (iii) relevant investments; under the following three pillars: In 2019, eleven new activities were added to the existing •• Water Security – promoting sustainable and efficient portfolio of 14 activities and program management use of shared water resources and IWRM and communications. Table 1 shows the distribution of activities and funding by pillar and theme, Table 2 shows •• Energy Security – promoting security and economic the distribution across the region, and Figure 3 illustrates efficiency of energy supply from national to regional level the focus areas of the three pillars that contribute overall •• Water-Energy Linkages – guiding management of the towards regional water and energy security. water-energy nexus and climate-change adaptation efforts that link two or more countries. Annex 1 lists current activities; Annex 2 presents the Results Framework. TABLE 1. DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVITIES AND FUNDING BY PILLAR AND THEME Data and Diagnostics Institutions, Capacity Supporting Total Building & Dialogue Investments No. of US$M No. of US$M No. of US$M No. of US$M Pillar activities allocation activities allocation activities allocation activities allocation Water Security 1 0.48 7 2.80 1 0.30 9 3.58 Energy Security 2 0.50 5 0.80 2 0.65 9 1.95 Water-Energy Linkages 4 1.28 3 1.25 0 0.00 7 2.53 Total 7 2.26 15 4.85 3 0.95 25 8.06 TABLE 2. FUNDING DISTRIBUTION ACROSS THE REGION Country/Region US$M National funding 4.01 Afghanistan 0.35 Kazakhstan 0.50 Kyrgyz Republic 0.60 Tajikistan 2.16 Turkmenistan 0.00 Uzbekistan 0.40 Regional funding 4.05 Total 8.06 CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 11 REGIONAL WATER AND ENERGY SECURITY Improved Regional Water Regional Coordination and Regional Power Trade Management Capacity Building Strengthening Service Delivery Capacity Development for Regional Facilitation of Regional Dialogue and of Central Asia National Cooperation in Power System Development Partnerships on Water Hydrometeorological Agencies Planning and Operations & Energy Security in Central Asia Strengthening Capacity in Afghanistan CAREC Energy Sector Coordination Central Asia Knowledge Network for Greater Collaboration with Tajikistan on Hydromet, Flood Risk Management Central Asia Water and Energy and Early Warning Services Central Asia Regional Electricity Trade Data Platform and Market Development Modernization of Agriculture Analysis of Synchronized Operation Environmental Management of Afghanistan and Central Asia Sharing Information and Exposure Power Systems Visit to Pave the Way to Irrigation Strengthening Environmental Modernization Assessment of the Power Sector National Energy Sector Capacity Expansion in Tajikistan Strengthening Irrigation Management Across Central Asia Tajikistan – Support for Preparation of Landscape Management for the Rural Electrification, Sebzor HPP and Water and Energy Security Capacity Building and Khorog-Qozideh Power Transmission and Resilience Knowledge Exchange Line Progects (BETF & RETF) Integrated Landscape/Catchment Central Asia “Solutions for Water” Tajikistan Energy Sector Management for Sustainable (S4W) Living Lab Project Strengthening Hydropower in Central Asia: Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan Sub-Basin Water Management Hydropower Development Disruptive Technologies for Landscape Restoration along the Vakhsh Integrated River Basin Aral Sea Watershed in Kazakhstan Management Uzbekistan – Small and Medium and Uzbekistan Hydropower Development Program North Aral Sea Engagement Kyrgyz Republic – Integrated National Water Sector Hydropower Development in the Management Naryn Basin Human Water Security: Strengthening WSS at Regional Level Strengthening Water Resources Management at Regional Level FIGURE 3. CAWEP FOCUS AREAS (WATER – BLUE; ENERGY – BROWN; LINKAGES – GREEN) 12 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 PROGRAM EVENTS AND OUTREACH FOR 2019 First training on writing Participation of the Regional Training of CDC Energia CAREC ESCC research papers, Coordinator of Central Asia Youth and national dispatch meeting, Tashkent, Bishkek, for Water Network in the third center experts, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Kyrgyz Republic World Water Day Youth Workshop, Uzbekistan Marrakech, Morocco JAN FEB MAR APR Third training on CAWEP Partnership Program for Stocktaking review and Review of water-related Second training on writing writing research Event, Nur-Sultan, Financial Recovery of mapping of IWRM knowledge academic and research research papers, Dushanbe, papers, Almaty, Kazakhstan Barqi Tojik and capacity building capacity in Central Asian Tajikistan Kazakhstan initiatives by international countries partners in Central Asia MAY Feature story No First consultative meeting First Aral Sea More Business as between Afghanistan and Summer School, Usual: Improving Tajikistan on hydromet, flood risk Almaty & Water Usage in management and early warning Kyzylorda region, Central Asia services, Dushanbe, Tajikistan Kazakhstan JUN JUL AUG Central Asia Second consultative Study tour of Fourth training E-learning video Training of CAREC Energy Regional Water meeting between energy experts on writing modules on the CDC Energia Investment Supply and Afghanistan and to Italy research papers, use of the Central and national Forum, Sanitation Tajikistan, Kabul, Tashkent, Asia Water and dispatch Tashkent, Conference, Afghanistan Uzbekistan Energy Data center experts, Uzbekistan Tashkent, Platform Tashkent, Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NOV OCT SEP Regional Workshop on Academic event ‘Professional Report with Interview with Financial Model Irrigation Modernization Cadre, Innovation and Recommendations on Kazuhiro Yoshida, and Expenditure in Central Asia, Almaty, Cooperation - Key to the Improvement of Power World Bank Program for Kazakhstan Success in Water Sector Purchase Agreements Senior Irrigation Maintenance of Development in Central Asia’, in Tajikistan and Drainage Assets Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Specialist DEC Blog Improving water Brochure Towards Cooperation Roadmap Regional Power and sanitation in Water Secure between Afghanistan System Model Central Asia requires Sustainable and Tajikistan on for Central Asia determination and Economies Hydromet, Flood Risk shared commitment Management and Early Warning Services CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 13 Summary of Activities Modernization of Agriculture Sharing Information and Exposure Visit to Pave the Way Water Security to Irrigation Modernization Improved Regional Water Management TF0A9391; US$300K; Jan ‘19 – Jun ‘20 Strengthening Service Delivery of Central Asia National This activity is supporting the irrigation sector in the region. Hydrometeorological Agencies It is supporting early exposure, learning and adoption of sub-system and on-farm modernization concepts in irrigation TF0B0550; US$300K; Jun ‘19 – Jun ‘21 operations, with a focus on technical and managerial upgrading to improve resource use and service delivery. This activity commenced in June 2019 and is assisting The Towards Regional Initiatives for Modernizing Irrigation national hydrometeorological agencies in the region deliver in the 21st Century workshop in November hosted by the improved, demand-driven information services. It will World Bank in Almaty, Kazakhstan, assembled around 100 improve hydrometeorological monitoring and forecasting, participants including delegations from the five Central Asian especially weather and hydrologic forecasts to support countries, international experts and development partners. transboundary cooperation. The activity complements The event encompassed dialogue on irrigation modernization ongoing World Bank operations and partner projects and reform, and peer-to-peer learning and knowledge that are strengthening national hydrometeorological exchange. Participant feedback rated the quality and utility of services across the region. It has three sub-activities: the workshop as very high, with an expectation that gained (i) technical assistance/on-the-job coaching for five national knowledge would be usefully applied. Follow-up events and hydrometeorological agencies, (ii) Turkmenhydromet gap activities are planned for 2020. analysis and development of a strategic capacity building and service delivery plan, and (iii) opportunity assessment Strengthening Irrigation Management Across Central Asia for an Amu Darya basin flood forecasting system. TF TBC US$1,300K; Jun ‘20 – Jun ‘22 Strengthening Capacity in Afghanistan for Greater Collaboration with Tajikistan on Hydromet, Flood Risk This pipeline activity will build on the above activity to Management and Early Warning Services promote institutional strengthening for improved water productivity and better irrigation management across the TF0A9176; US$350K; Dec ‘18 – Jan ‘21 region. The activity will complement current World Bank irrigation engagements, explore synergies and leverage This activity is building on engagement during 2018 to regional impact. Technical assistance and analyses develop the Hydromet Modernization Roadmap. It supports will focus on: (i) institutional reforms, (ii) dam safety implementation of roadmap priorities including capacity management, (iii) energy efficiency in Tajikistan, (iv) public- building, use of regional and global hydromet information, private partnerships, and (v) public expenditure reviews. and strengthening coordination between institutions. A consultative meeting in June 2019, in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, led to a review of hydromet information and infrastructure. A second meeting in November 2019, in Kabul, Afghanistan, recommended the 2014 Memorandum of Understanding on data exchange be extended to 2025, and developed a Cooperation Roadmap. The roadmap highlights collaboration on (i) a Panj River early warning system, (ii) joint assessments, (iii) climate change modelling, (iv) glacier studies, (v) use of remote sensing data, and (vi) capacity development. In late 2019 the activity was extended with additional funding to support flood control and early warning, and to advance regional Afghanistan delegation visits hydromet station on the Varzob River in Tajikistan on June 27, water security through information exchange 2019 as part of the bilateral consultative meeting between Afghanistan and Tajikistan on and modelling. hydromet data exchange, flood risk management and early warning systems. 14 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Capacity Building and Knowledge Exchange Central Asia “Solutions for Water” (S4W) Living Lab Project TF0B2730; US$250K; Apr ’20 – Jan ‘22 This pipeline activity was approved in November. It will improve cross-country cooperation and foster linkages between water end-users, academia, students, local authorities and small businesses through creating and supporting a distributed series of “Living Labs”. These are project development and implementation teams that assemble stakeholders to tackle local water management problems by developing innovative solutions. Solutions will Group work of the Kyrgyz delegation at the regional WSS conference be piloted and then scaled up or/and disseminated and on November 14, 2019, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. proposed for implementation in other countries. Sub-Basin Water Management North Aral Sea Engagement TF0B2375; US$300K; Mar ‘20 – Dec ‘20 Vakhsh Integrated River Basin Management This approved activity will support preparation of the North TF0A7025; US$475K; Apr ‘18 – Jun ‘20 Aral Sea Development and Revitalization Project that aims to This activity has undertaken a needs assessment, improve water resources management in North Aral Sea-Syr prepared an inventory of water infrastructure assets, Darya Basin, and the planning and development of natural and prepared a basin action plan with an initial focus on resources based economic activities in Kyzylorda region of the Lower Vakhsh River Basin. These efforts will inform Kazakhstan. The project will help restore wetlands and reduce investment and technical assistance requirements for the impacts of salt and dust blown from the dry seabed. It integrated management of the Vakhsh River Basin. The will undertake a water balance study for the Syr Darya River needs assessment includes (i) sub-basin characterization Basin to inform project preparation, prepare an integrated and mapping of the key infrastructure along the river development plan for Kyzylorda region that optimizes water mainstem; (ii) preparation of the linear schematic for the use, and develop the Environment and Social Framework for mainstem infrastructure; (iii) assessment of the irrigation the project. sub-sector (including irrigation, agricultural drainage and flood protection systems), and (iv) assessment of National Water Sector Management community/municipal/industrial water supply subsector (including water supply, effluent discharge, and water and Human Water Security: Strengthening WSS at the wastewater treatment systems). The inventory considers Regional Level infrastructure ownership/management responsibility, date of construction, technical and socio-economic TF0B1277; US$200K; Oct ‘19 – Dec ‘21 characteristics, quantitative characteristics. GIS-mapping This activity is strengthening water supply and sanitation of water infrastructure, irrigated lands, serviced areas (WSS) service delivery and resilience at national and and protected lands was carried out. The activity also regional levels in order to build social stability and human assessed water institutions and information systems capital. The regional conference Towards Sustainable and and identified key gaps. In response to a government Climate-Resilient Water Supply and Sanitation Services request, the study was extended (with additional funding) in Central Asia in November in Tashkent, Uzbekistan to consider the upper basin. The basin action plan brought together more than 100 participants from prioritizes investment needs for water sector reforms government departments, utility managers, hydromet including establishment of river basin organizations, specialists, regulatory agencies, and NGOs from restructuring regional, district and local institutional across the region together with international experts arrangements, technical assistance, and capacity and development partners. The conference report building. synthesized regional and international experience on climate adaptation capacity in WSS. The second phase of the activity will focus on strengthening national-level CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 15 initiatives to build national institutions in WSS and to increase private investment. The 18th CAREC Ministerial deepening regional engagement on issues identified Conference in November in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, by sector stakeholders such as tariff reform and design discussed the CAREC Energy Sector Strategy 2030 and its standards. Follow-up activities in Kyrgyz Republic, implementation. Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are planned for 2020. Central Asia Regional Electricity Trade and Market Strengthening Water Resources Management at a Development Regional Level TF0A8743; US$300K; Oct ‘18 – Jul ‘20 TF TBC; US$100K; duration TBC This activity, financed through PACT, is assessing This approved activity will strengthen national water sector opportunities for regional energy integration and trade institutions and enhance broader economic impacts by (including into South Asia) and developing options for increasing water productivity, and efficient and integrated regional market integration. The activity is coordinated water management at country and regional levels. An initial with the USAID Central Asia Regional Electricity Market scoping will consider current World Bank engagements initiative on regional power system modelling and to seek synergies and leverage regional impact. electricity market design. It is reviewing energy demands, Implementation will be guided by this scoping. Possible foci exploring electricity trade options, assessing barriers to are institutional reforms, capacity building, valuing water, trade, and will develop a sector action plan. A regional integrated basin modeling, and groundwater management. Electricity Planning Model (EPM) has been developed and used to assess the economic benefits of regional electricity trade for the period 2019–2030 for different scenarios. Preliminary results were presented during the 9th South Asia & Myanmar Power Secretaries’ Energy Security Pillar Roundtable in July in Singapore and a Central Asia workshop on electricity market development in October Regional Power Trade in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, organized by USAID. EPM Recent improvements in geopolitical relations in Central simulations have been constrained by data availability, Asia and CASA-1000 implementation progress have although power utilities provided some data that were increased the desire to expand inter- and intra-regional supplemented with public information. The modelling electricity trade, and current activities are thus fostering identified transmission interconnections and hydropower joint and coordinated approaches to electricity trade and projects that could significantly expand inter- and intra- market development. regional trade. Transmission projects that could be further assessed include Afghan transmission network unification and synchronization with Central Asia grid, CAREC Energy Sector Coordination and Cooperation TF0A7267; US$200K; Mar ‘18 – Dec ‘20 CAWEP has engaged with CAREC for several years to enhance regional energy sector dialogue and to coordinate donor assistance in the sector. This includes engagement with the CAREC Energy Sector Coordinating Committee (ESCC), most recently at the 29th ESCC meeting in April in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Under this activity the World Bank contributed to the CAREC Mid-Term Review and the CAREC Energy Sector Strategy 2030 and participated in the 1st CAREC Energy Ministers’ Dialogue and 4th Central Asia Energy Investment Forum in September hosted by Uzbekistan in Tashkent. At the Ministers’ Dialogue a declaration was signed endorsing the CAREC Energy Sector Strategy 2030 and expressing joint commitment to strengthening and expanding regional power Dispatch center experts from Afghanistan and Central Asian interconnections and exchanges. At the Investment Forum countries together with international experts at a newly established government and private sector representatives shared training room in Central Asian dispatch center, CDC Energia on international experience on private investments and options September 18, 2019, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 16 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 transmission capacity expansion between Tajikistan and Support for the Preparation of the Rural Electrification, Uzbekistan, and expansion of CASA-1000 with South Sebzor HPP and Khorog-Qozideh Power Transmission Asia. The modeling is completed and will be reviewed and Line Projects disseminated in 2020. Work to guide development of energy markets will commence in 2020. TF0B1004 recipient grant US$500K; TF0B1244 Bank grant US$150K; Oct ‘19 – Nov ‘20 Capacity Development for Regional Cooperation in These grants were established in October 2019; the recipient- Power System Planning and Operations executed grant became effective in December 2019. Tasks include: (i) feasibility studies, (ii) mandatory environmental TF0A7333; US$200K; May ‘18 – Mar ‘20 and social impact assessments, (iii) disaster risk screening This activity is part of regional World Bank energy and mitigation assessments, (iv) preparation of procurement engagements coordinated with development partners to documents, (v) knowledge sharing on electricity grid operations strengthen regional energy cooperation and connectivity and maintenance, and (vi) capacity building on planning and to develop regional energy markets. This activity and operations, transmission and distribution, and energy will improve the sustainability and the organizational security and efficiency. The work is informing preparation capacity of CDC Energia – a regional power system and implementation of (i) the US$45 million (KfW and EU) operator – especially in its planning and operational Sebzor HPP project in Tajikistan and the US$9.5 million functions for regional electricity transmission, and through (SECO) transmission line to connect Sebzor to the grid, (ii) the preparation of a long-term capacity development plan for US$31.7 million (World Bank) Tajikistan Rural Electrification CDC Energia. The activity is also helping national dispatch Project plus US$10 million additional financing (World Bank) centers understand the benefits of regional coordination for Khorog-Qozideh transmission line, (iii) US$3 million (USAID) and developing common operational rules/procedures. in technical assistance. Based on a 2018 institutional assessment, training programs were designed to improve planning and day- National Energy Sector Capacity to-day operations of the regional power system. Training workshops, attended by dispatch center experts were held Tajikistan: Energy Sector Strengthening in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in September 2018, April 2018, and September 2019. A power system operations training TF0A9034; US$100K; Nov ‘18 – Jul ‘21 facility proposed by CDC Energia was established in 2019 and equipped by USAID. This activity has informed the design of measures to improve financial and operational performance of BT and to unblock regional power trade by strengthening the company’s Analysis of Synchronized Operations of Afghanistan and financial standing and institutional capacity. Financial Central Asia Power Systems recovery of BT is one of key pre-conditions for expanded TF0A9869; US$100K; Mar ‘19 – Dec ‘20 regional power trade, and increased energy trade is a key pillar of the Tajikistan National Development Strategy This activity supports the World Bank-financed Herat 2016–2030. The activity helped Tajikistan reconnect to the Electrification Project in Afghanistan through development region power system by developing regulatory frameworks of a roadmap for the synchronization of the Afghan and for energy pricing and power purchase agreements. It also Central Asian power systems. It will enhance the capacity helped design the “Program of Financial Recovery of BT for of Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS) to manage grid 2019–2025”, approved by the Government in April 2019. synchronization and inform preparation of the Afghan grid The activity also informed the design of the code as well as relevant Afghan policies and investment US$134 million World Bank financed Power Utility Financial plans. It will also facilitate dialogue between DABS, CDC Recovery Program. Key work for BT has included: (i) financial Energia and Central Asian national dispatch centers. analyses; (ii) recommendations for improved operational Data collection for this work is nearly complete, and efficiency; (iii) financial model development; (iv) corporate consultations to discuss the roadmap and the grid code for governance review and recommendations; (v) drafting of system synchronization are planned for 2020. regulatory documents for reform implementation; (vi) social impact analyses; and (vii) legal and regulatory analyses to remove bottlenecks to regional power trade expansion. An extension of this activity is being considered to (i) evaluate the impacts on hydroelectricity generation of reservoir sedimentation, and (ii) update financial and operational recommendations in the light of COVID-19 impacts. CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 17 Hydropower Development Uzbekistan – Small and Medium Hydropower Development Program TF0A7213; US$200K; May ‘18 – May ‘20 This activity commenced in May 2018. It supports Uzbekhydroenergo and the Hydro Project Institute in building institutional capacity and developing small and medium hydropower programs. It is (i) preparing an action plan for Uzbekhydroenergo (capacity development, regulatory and financing frameworks), (ii) developing a method for feasibility study design, (iii) designing project concepts and financial models for small and medium hydropower pilots, and (iv) convening a range of Uzbekistan energy experts on study tour to Italy, September 30 – knowledge sharing workshops and study tours. In 2019, October 4, 2019 an international study tour to Italy and a workshop were conducted. Capacity building work, action plan preparation, and the feasibility study design method were completed. An extension of the activity is being considered to enable Water-Energy Linkages Pillar completion of two hydropower pre-feasibility studies. Regional Coordination and Capacity Building Kyrgyz Republic – Integrated Hydropower Development in the Naryn River Basin Facilitation of Regional Dialogue and Development TF0A8728; US$200K; Oct ‘18 – May ‘20 Partnerships on Water & Energy Security in Central Asia This activity is assessing the viability and required enabling TF0A7071; US$450K; Mar ‘18 – May ‘22 framework for hydropower development in the Naryn River Since inception, CAWEP has engaged through this Basin in the Kyrgyz Republic in line with national social activity with governments and key development partners and economic development goals. Additional hydropower (DFID, EU, GIZ, SDC, SECO, USAID) to improve water and generation will help close the domestic winter electricity energy security across the region. The activity has two supply gap and increase export revenue. The activity is components: regional dialogue among countries to develop assessing hydropower development using a river basin a regional engagement strategy, and coordination between approach and will develop a hydropower development development partners to develop a shared long-term roadmap for the basin. Initial consultations and site vision. A meeting of development partners in September visits (in coordination with development partners), data highlighted shared program implementation challenges collection, and analysis has been undertaken and (e.g., lack of political commitment, lack of strategic direction results shared with the Kyrgyz Government and other in WRM, and variable capacity) and agreed that shared stakeholders. The Hydropower Development Potential in messaging be developed to support coordinated actions Naryn River Basin Review will be finalized in 2020 and at multiple levels. This shared messaging is captured in a will offer recommendations for strengthening institutional brochure Towards Water Secure Sustainable Economies arrangements (including legal and regulatory frameworks) completed in December, that highlights the risks of for private sector participation in hydropower development. business as usual and the opportunities from alternative Roadmap development will depend on stronger client water development pathways. It highlights three action engagement including acceptance of institutional areas: (i) invest in water supply and sanitation for social recommendations and increased data access. stability and human capital development; (ii) overhaul water resources and irrigation management for increased productivity; and (iii) invest in adaptation measures to build economic and social resilience to climate change. A regional consultation tour is planned for 2020 to better understand national and regional water security priorities and to identify opportunities for bilateral or regional coordination and cooperation. 18 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Central Asia Water and Energy Data Platform TF0A8939; US$50K; Mar ’18 – Sep ‘19 This activity developed an online portal to improve access to publicly available information and supported outreach and dissemination activities. The Central Asia Water and Energy Data Portal (in Russian and English), hosted on a World Bank server, includes 42 interactive maps on environment, social, economic, climate, water, and disaster topics. Some spatial datasets are available for download for use in visualization and further analysis using commercial or open source GIS software. The portal synthesizes interactive data from the Central Asia Hydrometeorology Modernization Project and the Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program for the Aral Sea Basin Peer-to-peer training to build capacity in writing scientific and and provides links to relevant databases. The portal will research papers on water and energy-related topics, April 15, 2019, Dushanbe, Tajikistan. benefit resource managers, policy makers, students, and researchers across the region and beyond. During 2019, the activity also created e-learning video modules Central Asia Knowledge Network on “How to Use” the Central Asia Water and Energy TF0A7242; US$400K; Mar ‘18 – Dec ‘20 Data Portal. These short videos have been integrated into the curriculum of the “Integrated Water Resource This activity continues efforts that commenced under Management” Masters’ program of the Kazakh-German CAWEP in 2012, to foster cooperation and knowledge University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. The “Young Leaders - exchange among local and regional institutions and Vector of Change” 2019 Summer School, organized by practitioners in the areas of water resource management, the Kazakh-German University, included training and energy and climate change. Since 2012, the Knowledge presentations on data portal. Network has matured and there are now four operational communities of practice: the Central Asia Youth Forum on Water, the Academic Network in Central Asia, the Regional Cross-Sectoral Working Group in Kazakhstan, and the National Cross-Sectoral Working Group in the Kyrgyz Republic. The activity works at three levels: (i) strengthening national sectoral and cross-sectoral capabilities, (ii) enabling deeper regional cooperation, and (iii) developing academic and research capacity, connecting youth with practitioners, and promoting gender-related efforts in IWRM. In 2019, around 100 people (half men, half women) participated in dialogue events. A stocktaking review and mapping of water knowledge and capacity building initiatives by international partners was completed in April, together with an assessment of water-related academic and research capacity in the region. A study tour for Tajik water practitioners to the Tashkent Institute of Engineers of Irrigation was conducted, and the First Aral Sea Students of Kazakh-German University are learning how to use Summer School was convened. Regional events included Central Asia Water and Energy Data Portal, August 11, 2019, a Water and Science for Sustainable Future conference in Almaty, Kazakhstan. April on the margins of the Central Asia Climate Change Conference, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and a Professional Cadre, Innovation and Cooperation event in November in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Trainings for water academics and practitioners on preparing scientific papers were delivered in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The activity continues to support the online Central Asia Journal for Water Research. CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 19 Landscape Management for Water and Energy Tajikistan – Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Security and Resilience Power Sector Expansion TF TBC; US$350K; duration TBC Tajikistan – Integrated Landscape/Catchment Management for Sustainable Hydropower in Central This activity will help the Government of Tajikistan Asia incorporate environmental and social criteria in power sector expansion plans to promote sustainable TF0B0866; US$480K; Aug ‘19 – Mar ‘21 development and rational use of scarce water resources. It will support major hydropower projects that have significant This activity commenced in August 2019 to undertake a environmental and social risks, as well as new thermal cost/benefit analysis of integrated landscape restoration power projects that require significant cooling water, and catchment area management that reduce sediment especially those that could potentially impact neighboring inflow to Nurek and Baipaza reservoirs on the Vakhsh River countries. This activity will ensure that selection of new in Tajikistan. Rapid sedimentation of reservoirs can threaten power projects to reduce winter energy shortages considers the longevity of hydropower plants. This is of particular long-term environmental and social sustainability. Key concern in Central Asia given steep mountainous terrain activities will include: (i) assessing environmental and social in the headwater catchments and the widespread land impacts of base-case electricity generation expansion degradation. Central Asian countries lack the capacity and plan; (ii) determining environmental and social criteria data to conduct robust pre-feasibility studies for hydropower for electricity generation projects selection; (iii) providing projects that consider integrated catchment management guidance on energy project development and appraisal and restoration, and evaluation of catchment ecosystem to national and regional authorities that aligns with services. The activity will include: (i) baseline data collection, the requirements of international financial institutions (ii) economic evaluation, and (iii) capacity building. and private sector lenders; (iv) engaging stakeholders; (v) developing an environmental and social GIS database for Kyrgyz Republic – Integrated Landscape/Catchment Tajikistan; (vi) providing potential investors with information Management for Sustainable Hydropower in Central on appropriate locations and types of energy facilities Asia and on key issues of concern; (vii) providing authorities TF0B2684; US$400K; Apr ‘20 – Mar ‘22 with guidance and tools to help with appraisal of projects proposed by developers, and assessment of potential This activity will commence in 2020 and undertake a environmental and social consequences. cost/benefit analysis of integrated landscape restoration and catchment management to reduce sediment inflow Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan – Disruptive Technologies for to Toktogul Reservoir in the Kyrgyz Republic. It will adopt Landscape Restoration Along the Aral Sea Watershed a similar approach, and learn from the related work in Tajikistan for Nurek and Baipaza reservoirs. This activity will TF0B2683; US$400K; Apr ‘20 – Feb ‘22 complement the National Water Resources Management This activity will commence in 2020 and develop innovative Project financed by Switzerland and will provide government approaches for landscape restoration in targeted degraded with detailed knowledge on erosion and sedimentation landscapes in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. One example processes, and on the links between catchment and is expected to be saxaul tree plantations that can reduce reservoir condition. transport of dust and associated pollutants from the Aral Seabed that cause respiratory health problems. The activity will have two components: an innovation challenge and preparation of an e-book of innovative approaches. The innovation challenge will seek proposals for grants to support environmental innovations. The e-book will describe disruptive landscape restoration technologies for Central Asian drylands with an emphasis on sustainable land and water management. 20 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, FINANCES AND COMMUNICATION CHAPTER 3 CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 21 Program Management Management CAWEP is managed by a program manager, pillar leaders, Team field-based liaison officer, and senior program assistant (Figure 4). The program manager oversees program implementation, reporting, dissemination and outreach; leads coordination with donor partners and ensures Advisory program stakeholders are kept informed. Pillar leaders Committee provide advice on strategic direction, monitor pillar implementation, and liaise with task team leaders to Program Manager ensure timely and qualitative delivery of activities. The & Program Liaison field-based liaison officer supports program coordination, Officer trust fund management, donor coordination, and monitoring and evaluation. The program management account (TF0A6615) covers program management and administration costs, which amounted to US$213,272 during 2019 (16 percent of total 2019 disbursements) including salaries, travel, monitoring and evaluation, and Water-Energy Water Security Energy Security minor meeting expenses. Linkages Pillar Leader Pillar Leader Pillar Leader Day-to-day management of CAWEP by the program manager and pillar leaders is overseen by the CAWEP management team of water and energy practice managers, FIGURE 4. CAWEP GOVERNANCE AND together with country and regional-level managers in MANAGEMENT the World Bank. At a higher strategic level, the program is guided by the Advisory Committee of donor partners and World Bank management. The Advisory Committee met in March and November 2019 to approve updates to the rolling annual work plan. At the March meeting, The Advisory Committee also requested a strengthening the Advisory Committee agreed to change the program of the program’s field presence to leverage regional name to the Central Asia Water and Energy Program for cooperation impacts. At the November meeting the communication purposes, endorsed four new activities and Advisory Committee approved an out-of-session process for recommended that the work plan indicate the contributions considering and approving new activities and approved a of each activity to the program Results Framework. revised work plan with five new activities. $4 000 000 29% Allocated Disbursed Committed $3 000 000 41% $2 000 000 8% $1 000 000 22% 0 Water Security Water-Energy Linkages Water Security Energy Security Water-Energy Program Energy Security Program Management Linkages Management and and Communications Communication FIGURE 5. 2019 FUNDS ALLOCATION BY PILLAR FIGURE 6. TOTAL DISBURSEMENT BY PILLARS 22 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Financial Overview executed activities, 6 percent of the funds have been allocated to one recipient-executed activity in Tajikistan. In 2018 – the first year of implementation for the third phase of CAWEP – US$2.28 million was allocated to 16 Funding allocations vary by pillar (Figure 5). Relative support activities across six beneficiary countries; disbursements to Water Security and Water-Energy Linkages increased were US$0.7 million or 32 percent of allocated funds. in 2019 with new institutional and capacity building In 2019, donor commitments to the program reached activities for irrigation and water management and new US$12.6 million – exceeding the expected funding ceiling environmental studies. Disbursements and commitments of US$10 million. An EU contribution of US$2.26 million in to-date by pillar (Figure 6) reflect earlier implementation of 2019 increased paid-in contributions to US$7.0 million. energy-related activities and new activities approved late in 2019 dominating the other two pillars. By the close of 2019, 27 activities and US$8.76 million (70 percent of the total program budget) had been Disbursements in 2019 were twice the 2018 total, growing approved, including for program management and steadily through from US$0.7 million to reach a total communications. While most funds are allocated to Bank- US$2 million (23 percent of allocated funds; Figure 7). $2 500 000 Disbursed in 2018 Disbursed in previous months Monthly Disbursements $2 000 000 $1 500 000 $1 000 000 $500 000 0 January February March April May June Jule August September October November December FIGURE 7. 2019 DISBURSEMENTS Communication and Outreach regional water sector workshops in November 2019, that were covered by 26 media outlets. The program webpage (in The CAWEP Outreach and Dissemination (TF0A6802) English and Russian) is updated regularly with new outputs activity strengthens knowledge-sharing and increases and announcements and was visited more than 1,700 stakeholder understanding of CAWEP efforts through a times (Figure 8). In 2019, the following communications strategic communications framework. It is guided by a products were produced and disseminated: (i) CAWEP 2018 CAWEP Communication Strategy adopted in 2018 and Annual Report, (ii) four Quarterly Newsletters, (iii) 24 Media a Communication and Visibility Plan endorsed by the Digests, (iv) Aral Sea Youth Summer School video, (v) eleven Advisory Committee in March 2019. The Communication videos on the regional water workshops, (vi) 36 social and Visibility Plan reflects the communication and visibility media posts, and (vii) three press releases. Other outreach requirements of EU-funded programs. The supporting grant included a blog on water supply and sanitation by Lilia was increased from US$100,000 to US$300,000 with Burunciuc, World Bank Regional Director for Central Asia, Advisory Committee approval in March; disbursements a story on improving water use, as well as an interview on reached 53 percent of the total grant amount by the close of irrigation modernization with Kazuhiro Yoshida, World Bank the year. Senior Irrigation and Drainage Specialist. Communication outputs such as blogs and stories and videos in social A new program logo – to reflect the updated program media have a higher engagement with Russian-speaking name – was designed and adopted on all communications audience. Videos in the World Bank Country Office Facebook materials. Communications support was provided to the two pages reached over 5,000 views. A partnership event in CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 23 May, 2019, marking the joining of the European Union as a 3 000 CAWEP donor, was attended by the Ambassador of the EU English Russian Delegation to Kazakhstan, the Ambassador of Switzerland 2 500 to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, the World Bank Regional Director for Central Asia, the World Bank Water Global 2 000 Practice Director, and was covered by 46 media outlets. Table 3 lists the key CAWEP outputs and communications 1 500 for 2019. 1 000 Looking Ahead 500 In 2020, outcomes of early program activities are expected to emerge, including on small and medium hydropower 0 development program in Uzbekistan, and from the Vakhsh CAWEP page Blogs and Videos Events River Basin needs assessment in Tajikistan. Communications feature stories will increase CAWEP visibility and raise awareness of program outcomes. New recipient-executed activities in support FIGURE 8. NUMBER OF VIEWS of major water investments will commence and provide a vehicle for regional engagement. CAWEP connections to World Bank and development partners’ investments will be actively promoted to ensure sustainability and value. Regional engagement with country governments and development partners will be strengthened and new directions for regional dialogue explored. The change in chairmanship for EC-IFAS will bring opportunities for much- needed institutional reforms but will require full engagement from all participating countries. Accelerated program implementation will be prioritized but recognizing the challenges that accompany the COVID-19 pandemic. TABLE 3. 2019 PROGRAM OUTPUTS AND COMMUNICATION Program Outputs Communication Outputs Central Asia Regional Water Supply and Sanitation Videos Conference: report, presentations First Aral Sea Summer School video Regional Workshop on Irrigation Modernization in Central WSS conference video: English and Russian Asia: report, presentations 10 video interviews with conference participants Cooperation Roadmap on Hydromet, Flood Risk E-learning video modules on the use of the Central Asia Water and Management and Early Warning Services Energy Data Portal Brochure Towards Water Secure Sustainable Economies: Press releases English and Russian New European Union Seven Million Euro Grant to Strengthen Program of Financial Recovery of Barki Tojik Water and Energy Security in Central Asia Financial model and expenditure program for maintenance Central Asian Water Supply and Sanitation Experts Share of assets Experiences at Conference in Tashkent Report with recommendations on improvement of power Central Asian Experts Discuss Irrigation Modernization to Enhance purchase agreements in Tajikistan Water Productivity Regional Power System Model for Central Asia Central Asia Water and Energy Data Portal Blogs, feature stories and interviews Stocktaking review and mapping of IWRM knowledge and Blog Improving water and sanitation in Central Asia requires capacity building initiatives by international partners in determination and shared commitment by Lilia Burunciuc, World Central Asia Bank Regional Director for Central Asia Review of water-related academic and research capacity in Feature story No More Business as Usual: Improving Water Usage Central Asian countries in Central Asia by Ato Brown, World Bank Country Manager for Russian version of Central Asian Journal of Water Research Kazakhstan Interview with Kazuhiro Yoshida, World Bank Senior Irrigation and Drainage Specialist 24 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 ANNEXES CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 25 ANNEX 1. FOCUS AREA, THEMES, AND ACTIVITIES BY PILLAR WATER SECURITY Focus Area Theme Activity Countries TF No. Sub-Basin Water Data and Diagnostic Vakhsh Integrated River Basin Tajikistan TF0A7025 Management Analyses Management Modernization of Institutions, Capacity, Sharing Information and Exposure to Pave Central Asia TF0A9391 Agriculture and Dialogue the Way to Irrigation Modernization Improved Regional Institutions, Capacity, Strengthening Capacity in Afghanistan for Afghanistan TF0A9176 Water Management and Dialogue Greater Collaboration with Tajikistan on Tajikistan Hydromet, Flood Risk Management and Early Warning Services Improved Regional Institutions, Capacity, Strengthening Service Delivery of Central All countries TF0B0550 Water Management and Dialogue Asia National Hydrometeorological Agencies National Water Sector Institutions, Capacity, Human Water Security: Strengthening WSS Central Asia TF0B1277 Management and Dialogue at Regional Level Sub-Basin Water Supporting North Aral Sea Engagement Kazakhstan TF0B2375 Management Investments National Water Sector Institutions, Capacity, Strengthening Water Resources All countries TBC Management and Dialogue Management at Regional Level Modernization of Institutions, Capacity, Strengthening Irrigation Management Central Asia TBC Agriculture and Dialogue Across Central Asia Capacity Building and Institutions, Capacity, Central Asia “Solutions for Water” (S4W) All countries TF0B2730 Knowledge Exchange and Dialogue Living Lab Project 26 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 ENERGY SECURITY Focus Area Theme Activity Countries TF No. Hydropower Data and Diagnostic Uzbekistan Small and Medium Hydropower Uzbekistan TF0A7213 Development Analyses Development Program Regional Power Trade Institutions, Capacity, CAREC Energy Sector Coordination and All countries TF0A7267 and Dialogue Cooperation Regional Power Trade Institutions, Capacity, Capacity Development for Regional Coopera- All countries TF0A7333 and Dialogue tion in Power System Planning and Operations Hydropower Institutions, Capacity, Integrated Hydropower Development in the Kyrgyz TF0A8728 Development and Dialogue Naryn River Basin Republic National Energy Institutions, Capacity, Energy Sector Strengthening Tajikistan TF0A9034 Sector Capacity and Dialogue Regional Power Trade Institutions, Capacity, Analysis of Synchronized Operation of Af- Afghanistan TF0A9869 and Dialogue ghanistan and Central Asian Power Systems National Energy Supporting Support for Preparation of the Rural Tajikistan TF0B1004 Sector Capacity investments Electrification, Sebzor HPP and Khorog- Qozideh Power Transmission Line Projects (Recipient-executed grant) National Energy Supporting Support for Preparation of the Rural Tajikistan TF0B1244 Sector Capacity investments Electrification, Sebzor HPP and Khorog- Qozideh Power Transmission Line Projects (Bank-executed grant) Regional Power Trade Data and Diagnostic Central Asia Regional Electricity Trade and All countries TF0A8743 Analyses Market Development WATER-ENERGY LINKAGES Focus Area Theme Name Countries TF No. Regional Coordination Institutions, Capacity, Facilitation of Regional Dialogue and All countries TF0A7071 and Capacity Building and Dialogue Development Partnerships on Water & Energy Security in Central Asia Regional Coordination Institutions, Capacity, Central Asia Knowledge Network All countries TF0A7242 and Capacity Building and Dialogue Regional Coordination Data and Diagnostic Central Asia Water and Energy Data All countries TF0A8939 and Capacity Building Analyses Platform Landscape Manage- Data and Diagnostic CLIENT -RESILAND-CAEWDP (Tajikistan Tajikistan TF0B0866 ment for Water and Analyses Integrated Landscape/Catchment Energy Security and Management) Resilience Landscape Manage- Data and Diagnostic Integrated Landscape/Catchment Kyrgyz TF0B2684 ment for Water and Analyses Management for Sustainable Hydropower Republic Energy Security and in Central Asia (Kyrgyz Republic) Resilience Landscape Manage- Institutions, Capacity, Disruptive Technologies for Landscape Kazakhstan, TF0B2683 ment for Water and and Dialogue Restoration along the Aral Sea Watershed Uzbekistan Energy Security and in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Resilience Environmental Data and Diagnostic Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Tajikistan TBC Management Analyses Power Sector Expansion in Tajikistan CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 27 ANNEX 2. RESULTS FRAMEWORK PROGRAM-LEVEL OUTCOMES Component: Strengthen the enabling environment to promote water and energy security at regional level and in beneficiary countries. Baseline: Disparate national-level investments and fragmented regional cooperation. Weak regional institutions are not fulfilling mandates to promote regional cooperation. HEP investment plans negatively impact on already tense neighborly relationships. February 2017 status: Two regional projects (CAHMP and CAMP4ASB) informed, approved and regional components implemented through regional organizations closely linked to national components. CARECenv strengthened as regional entity facilitating regional dialogue. Energy trade talks shifting towards strengthening of intra-regional connectivity. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator 1 Planned Expected Outputs2 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘223 TARGET4 Actual Number of policies, 2019: Regional vision on water development; Program sector strategies, for Financial Recovery of Barqi Tojik regional institutional 2020: Roadmap for development of regional electricity frameworks being markets in Central Asia; Roadmap for synchronization of developed that Afghan Power System with the Central Asia Power System are based on 2021: Roadmap for integrated hydropower recommendations development in the Naryn River Basin; Landscape of CAWEP funded Planned 0 2 4 8 9 7 restoration and watershed management plan in analytical work. Tajikistan; Framework proposal on development of a basin-wide Amu Darya flow and flood forecasting system; A strategy on how to best involve and advance Afghanistan in Central Asian water management issues 2022: Landscape restoration and watershed management plan in the Kyrgyz Republic; Engagement strategy Water security brochure; Program for Financial Recovery Actual 0 2 of Barqi Tojik. Number of 2019: Tajikistan BT; CDC Energia; Uzbekhydroenergo institutions JSC; Hydroproject design institute. demonstrating 2020: DABS of Afghanistan; Kazakh-German University. improved 2021: National Energy Holding Company in the management Kyrgyz Republic; State Committee for Industry, Energy performance. and Subsoil Use of the Kyrgyz Republic; National Hydrometeorological Agencies of five Central Asian Planned 0 4 6 15 19 7 countries; Department of Drinking Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal; Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of Uzbekistan (or State Unitary Enterprise Khojagii Manziliyu-Kommunali of Tajikistan). 2022: Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tajikistan Institute of Water, Hydro Energy and Ecology, Kyrgyz Institute of Water Problems and Hydropower Energy, CARECenv 28 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Cumulative Values by Year Indicator 1 Planned Expected Outputs2 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘223 TARGET4 Actual Regional 0 1 2 2 2 3 CDC Energia; CARECenv Tajikistan BT; CDC Energia; Uzbekhydroenergo JSC; Actual 0 4 Hydroproject Design Institute. Regional 0 1 CDC Energia Number of joint Agreement to extend the 2014 Memorandum of decisions (or Understanding between Afghanistan and Tajikistan; Planned 0 0 1 2 2 4 agreements) to move Joint inclusion in Nationally Determined Contributions forward reached. of issues related to land and water. Agreement to extend the 2014 Memorandum of Actual 0 1 Understanding between Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Amount of Potential Naryn cascade (US$0.5 B); Tajikistan Power investment (US$B) Utility Financial Recovery Program (US$0.13 B); that reflects Tajikistan Rural Electrification Project (US$0.03 B); transboundary Planned 0.16 0.32 0.92 0.8 potential transmission interconnection upgrade project consideration that or potential new cross-border transmission project are based on/include (tbd US$0.1 B); North Aral Sea Development and recommendations Revitalization Project (US$0.16 B). from CAWEP funded Tajikistan Power Utility Financial Recovery Program activities. Actual 0 0.13 (US$0.134 B, approved on February 25, 2020). 1 Tracked annually – quantitative; target values are for CAWEP Phase 3. 2 Planned under current activities. 3 Targets as per planned activities. 4 Targets (minimum) from approved Concept Note (July 2017). CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 29 PILLAR-LEVEL OUTCOMES: WATER SECURITY Component: Data and Diagnostic Analyses. Baseline: Opportunities and constraints to improve water productivity and use efficiency are not systematically analyzed, and not identified at the regional level and not owned by riparian governments. National action plans to improve agricultural water productivity do not exist. February 2017 status: New WSS strategy in Uzbekistan informed; multiple studies developed as basis for carrying forward the policy dialogue: Promoting Irrigation Efficiency, Social Impact Assessment on WSS, Analysis of WSS Services, Strengthening Irrigation Governance, Assessment of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in Tajikistan. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of analytical Needs assessment report for integrated basin outputs related to management; Inventory of assets with GIS-mapping; water use efficiency, Planned 0 2 3 3 3 5 Report on status of cooperation between Afghanistan water balance and Tajikistan on hydromet data exchange, flood or topics related control and early warning. to integrated Needs assessment for integrated basin management water resources for the Lower part of the Vakhsh Basin; Basin maps management. and schematic for the lower part of the Vakhsh Basin; Actual 0 3 Report on status of cooperation between Afghanistan and Tajikistan on hydromet data exchange, flood control and early warning. Component: Institutions, Capacity and Dialogue. Baseline: Institutional capacity varies between countries. Limited institutional linkages between riparian states on agricultural water management. Active donors in the region and in countries have disparate coordination. February 2017 status: Water User Associations in Uzbekistan strengthened. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of learning Regional workshop on water supply and sanitation; activities that Regional workshop on irrigation modernization; 2 strengthen capacity Planned 0 4 11 17 17 5 national WSS trainings, 4 NHMS trainings, 3 Living Labs of institutions in the learning events, 6 Afghanistan-Tajikistan consultative water sector. meetings on hydromet information exchange. Regional workshop on water supply and sanitation; Regional workshop on irrigation modernization; Actual 0 4 2 Afghanistan-Tajikistan consultative meetings on hydromet information exchange. Number of Planned 260 380 510 510 TBD participants in % female 15 20 30 30 learning activities (% female). Actual 263 285 % female 15 16 % of participants (% Planned 80 80 80 80 70 female) who consider outcomes of training events as relevant Actual 77 30 and have integrated % women them in their work. 30 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Component: Supporting Investments. Baseline: Few current investment decisions consider transboundary implications of water use and/or quality impacts. February 2017 status: No outcome yet. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of Planned 0 1 1 1 1 1 Potential Vakhsh Basin development. national-level Potential investments will be discussed after water investments completion of the assessment. identified based on Actual 0 0 CAWEP diagnostic analysis. Number of water Planned 1 1 North Aral Sea Development and Revitalization Project. investments under preparation. Actual Number of potential Planned TBD beneficiaries % female of investments supported (% female). Actual % female CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 31 PILLAR-LEVEL OUTCOMES: ENERGY SECURITY Component: Data and Diagnostic Analyses. Baseline: Opportunities and constraints to improve energy sector efficiency are not systematically analyzed and/or are not owned by riparian governments. National energy sector plans do not exist in all countries. February 2017 status: Informed Tajikistan Energy Sector Plan 2015-2017 and heating sector policy reform in the Kyrgyz Republic. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of quality Program for financial recovery of Barqi Tojik; Expenditure and relevant program for maintenance of assets in Tajikistan; Report analytical outputs with recommendations on improvement of power related to energy purchase agreements in Tajikistan; Assessment of sector efficiency options for regional electricity trade and electricity improvement and market integration; Regional power system model Planned 0 3 7 8 8 6 system planning, for Central Asia; Report on potential electricity trade service reliability, and interconnections; Report on legal, institutional, harmonization of regulatory and pricing framework of the electricity trade regulations or sectors of Central Asia countries; Recommendations for similar topics aiming Naryn River Basin hydropower development and for to promote energy power systems expansion trajectories. security and regional Updated program for financial recovery of Barqi trade. Tojik; Financial model and expenditure program for Actual 3 4 maintenance of assets; Report with recommendations on improvement of power purchase agreements in Tajikistan; Regional power system model for Central Asia. Component: Institutions, Capacity and Dialogue. Baseline: Institutional capacity in countries varies; in some country’s institutions are weak with poor financial performance. Coordination among countries in the energy sector initiated. CAREC has mandate as a regional energy institution (CAREC Energy Action Plan was approved in 2009). Active donors in the region and in countries have disparate coordination. February 2017 status: BT strengthened, and CAREC Energy Sector Coordination Committee, Donor Coordination Council in Tajikistan. CASA-1000 Master Agreement, PPAs and Coordination Agreement agreed, Tajikistan Energy Sector Dialogue, Energy Donor Coordinating Committee convened, coordination enhanced and CAREC ESCC supported. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of energy Uzbekhydroenergo JSC; Hydroproject Design Institute; sector institutions CDC Energia; KEGOC in Kazakhstan; NESK in the Kyrgyz Planned 8 8 8 8 6 supported Republic; BT in Tajikistan; Kuvvat in Turkmenistan; Da through capacity Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat. strengthening Regional 1 1 1 1 1 1 CDC Energia activities (of which regional). Actual 7 7 All above planned except for TM Kuvvat. Regional 1 1 CDC Energia. Number of regional Planned 1 frameworks supporting energy security that are being formulated Actual with support from CAWEP. 32 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Number of learning Study tour for CDC Energia on regional power system or dialogue activities planning and operations; three trainings for national that strengthen energy sector institutions; two capacity building Planned 5 8 8 8 8 capacity of activities for Uzbekhydroenergo and Hydroproject institutions in the design institute; two regional dialogue workshops energy sector. between Afghanistan and Central Asia. Study tour for CDC Energia on regional power system planning and operations; study tour and workshop for Actual 2 6 Uzbekhydroenergo and Hydroproject design institute; three trainings for national energy sector institutions. Number of Includes participants in above workshops and CAREC Planned 260 300 120 participants in Energy Sector Coordinating Committee meetings. learning or dialogue % female 20 40 activities (% female). Actual 149 267 % female 11 23 Percentage of Planned 70 participants (% % female 30 women) who consider learning Actual contents as relevant and have integrated % female them in their work. Component: Supporting Investments. Baseline: The Central Asia Power Systems (CAPS) is weak and has started to disintegrate since 2009. Countries occur financial loss due to the disintegrated trading system. Few current investment decisions on water and energy take into account the transboundary implication. Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic have winter energy deficit; new investments would have to consider how to alleviate this deficit considering downstream summer irrigation water needs and the regional water allocation system. February 2017 status: CASA-1000, Tajikistan Winter Energy Program, Kyrgyz Republic Heat Supply Improvement Project and Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project informed. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of energy Potential Naryn cascade; Identification of a trans- investments Planned 0 0 2 2 2 2 mission interconnection upgrade project or a identified based on potential new cross-border transmission project. CAWEP diagnostic Regional 1 analysis (of which regional). Actual Regional Number of energy Tajikistan Power Utility Financial Recovery Program; investments under Planned 0 1 2 2 2 4 Tajikistan Rural Electrification Project. preparation (of which regional). Regional 1 Tajikistan Power Utility Financial Recovery Actual 0 1 Program Regional 0 0 Number of potential Planned 23,000 23,000 23,000 TBD beneficiaries % female 49 49 49 49 of investments supported (% female). Actual % female CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 33 PILLAR-LEVEL OUTCOMES: WATER-ENERGY LINKAGES Component: Data and Diagnostic Analyses. Baseline: No robust recent analysis of links between energy and water. Climate change implications for energy and water resources management are poorly understood at both national and regional levels. February 2017 status: Public data made accessible through Spatial Agent App; Central Asia Atlas; diagnostic studies (e.g. Strengthening Analysis for IWRM in Central Asia, Turn Down Heat III, Role of Glaciers in the Hydrologic Regime of the Amu and Syr Darya Basins). Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of analytical Report on the needs assessment in IWRM training; outputs related IWRM-related methodology/guidelines; Stocktaking to water-energy assessment of gender issues in IWRM; sedimentation linkages, climate assessment; framework for economic valuation of ES Planned 1 3 6 8 3 change, integrated for Tajikistan; technical report on studies for the lower water resources and upper sections of the Vakhsh Basin; sedimentation management at assessment and report on ROAM analysis for the Kygyz regional level or Republic related topic. Report “Stocktaking review and mapping of IWRM knowledge and capacity building initiatives by international partners in Central Asia”; Report “Review Actual 0 2 of water-related academic and research capacity in Central Asian countries” produced by the team of Central Asian experts. Number of platforms Planned 0 1 1 1 1 1 Web-based Central Asian nexus data platform. for data access, Central Asia Water and Energy Data Portal analysis or sharing established at Actual 0 1 regional level. Number of platform Planned 400 400 400 400 TBD users (% female). % female Actual 400 % female 50 % of users indicating Planned 90 90 90 90 90 being satisfied with access to and contents of platform Actual 85 information. Component: Institutions, Capacity and Dialogue. Baseline: Regional institutions are weak; national institutions lack physical and human resource capacity to consider energy-water linkages and work across borders. Systems for data sharing and capacity to access publicly available data sets is weak. February 2017 status: Capacity development for CAREC, EC-IFAS, ICWC and for youth and young professionals with Kazakh German University. Regional Dialogue continues to falter because of political tensions and weak regional institutions. CAREC (x2) and IFAS have potentially important roles to play. Regular communication among technical institutes is not happening. Active donors in the region have disparate coordination. Dialogue and donor consultative group; First Deputy Prime Ministers Meeting on Regional Riparian Issues convened; Second Central Climate Knowledge Forum led to joint decision for CAMP4ASB. 34 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of regional Planned 2 2 EC-IFAS; Central Asia Regional Environmental Center. institutions supported through capacity Actual strengthening activities. Number of regional Regional vision on water development, engagement Planned 1 2 1 frameworks that are stategy. being formulated Water security brochure. with support from Actual 1 CAWEP. Number of multi- Planned 1 5 10 10 10 5 Cross-country knowledge exchanges. country learning Study tour of Tajik institute to Uzbek TIIAME; Cross- activities. Actual 1 6 country knowledge exchanges (peer-to-peer trainings, Summer School). Number of Planned 180 200 TBD participants in multi- % female country learning activities (% female). Study tour of Tajik institute to Uzbek TIIAME; Cross- Actual 5 188 country knowledge exchanges. % female 42 Percentage of Planned 75 participants (% % female 20 female) who consider outcomes of training Actual events as relevant and have integrated % female them in their work. Number of dialogue Planned 8 13 16 19 21 10 CAY4Water and Gender Water Forum activities; events promoting Youth to Youth IWRM Initiatives in the context of regional cooperation CAY4Water; Annual Central Asia (plus Afghanistan) (of which regional). Scientific-Practical Conference on special IWRM issues Regional 8 13 with participation of academia and youth; Central Asian Women in Water – issues and opportunities” – regional conference; 16 donor coordination meetings; Disruptive technologies challenge. Actual 8 16 13 donor coordination meetings; 1 pre-conference event for high level conference in Tajikistan; 2 Youth Regional 7 15 to Youth IWRM Initiatives in the context of CAY4Water; Pre-conference academic event. Number of Planned 160 250 TBD Participants in above mentioned events. participants in % female 40 dialogue events (% female). Actual 164 269 % female 70 50 % of participants (% Planned 75 female) who consider % female 20 outcomes of dialogue events as relevant Note: not all activities (e.g. donor meetings) track this Actual 30 and have integrated indicator them in their work. % female 10 CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019 | 35 Component: Supporting Investments. Baseline: Earlier regional nexus projects have not been successful in achieving regional outcomes and cooperation. Few current investment decisions on water and energy take into account transboundary implications and the nexus. February 2017 status: Assessment Studies for Rogun; CAHMP; CAMP4ASB Series of Projects; CAWaRM preparation informed. Cumulative Values by Year Indicator Planned Expected Outputs ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 TARGET Actual Number of regional Planned 1 investments under preparation. Actual Number of potential Planned TBD beneficiaries % female of investments supported (% female). Actual % female 36 | CENTRAL ASIA WATER AND ENERGY PROGRAM | Annual Report 2019