Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS) Round 3 Summary Tables August 2020 Background Nigeria was among the first countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to identify cases of COVID-19. The Government has since implemented strict measures to contain the spread of the virus. Additionally, global oil prices plummeted by a dramatic 60% following the spread of the pandemic and since the oil sector accounts for the bulk of government revenue, this is expected to substantially weaken the Nigerian economy. The federal government will have fewer resources available to simultaneously combat the public health crisis of COVID-19 and a weakening economy. In order to track the impacts of the pandemic, the National Bureau of Statistics implemented the Nigeria COVID- 19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS) on a nationally representative sample of 1,950 households. COVID-19 NLPS households were drawn from the sample of households interviewed in 2018/2019 for Wave 4 of the General Household Survey—Panel (GHS-Panel). The extensive information collected in the GHS-Panel just over a year prior to the pandemic provides a rich set of background information on COVID-19 NLPS households which can be leveraged to assess the differential impacts of the pandemic in the country. The tables contained presented below are from the third round of the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS) 2020. The third round was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in July 2020. These same households will be contacted in subsequent waves of the COVID-19 NLPS. The data are representative at the national level and survey weights were calculated to adjust for non-response and undercoverage. The data are available through the NBS web site: https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/nada/index.php/catalog/63 or through the World Bank’s Microdata Library: https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3712 TABLE OF CONTENTS Number Table Page T0.1 Table 0.1: Sample Composition (# of Households) 4 T0.2 Table 0.2: Contact Rate 5 F0.1 Figure 0.1: Number of call attempts 6 T0.3 Table0.3: Result of Interview 7 T0.4 Table 0.4: Sample Composition* 8 F0.2 Figure 0.2: Duration of interview 9 T1.1 Table 1.1. Respondent Characteristics - Age and Sex (% of all respondents interviewed) 10 T1.2 Table 1.2: Respondent Relationship to Head 11 Table 1.3: Respondent education T1.3 (% of respondents) 12 T1.4 Table 1.4: Household Characteristcs (% of Households) 13 T1.5 Table 1.5: Older Adults and Dependency 14 T2.1 Table 2.1. Prevalence of safe practices 15 T2.1a Table 2.1a. Number of religions/social gatherings attended 16 T2.2 Table 2.2. Accumulated basic needs, staple foods 17 T2.3 Table 2.3. Access to food staples* (basic needs), past 7 days 18 T2.4 Table 2.4. Reasons basic needs could not be bought (% of HHs that could not buy) 19 T2.5 Table 2.5. Medical treatment since mid-March 2020 20 Table 2.6. Reasons unable to access medical treatment T2.6 (% of HHs where one of the members needed medical treatment) 21 T2.7 Table 2.7. Child immunizations since mid-March 2020 22 Table 2.8. Reasons unable to obtain child vaccine/immunizations T2.8 (% of HHs where at least one child, ages 0-5 years, needed them) 23 T2.9 Table 2.9. Using coronavirus services from Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) 24 Table 2.10. Reasons why HH members not feel comfortable to use NCDC hotline T2.10 (% of HHs that received SMS from NCDC about coronavirus) 25 T2.11 Table 2.11. Coronavirus restrictions - effects on education* 26 T2.12 Table 2.12. Types of learning activities, past 7 days 27 T2.13 Table 2.13. Public transport, last 7 days 28 Table 2.14. Reasons for difficulty T2.14 when accessing public transport 29 TABLE OF CONTENTS Number Table Page T2.15 Table 2.15. Travel between states, since mid-March 30 T2.16 Table 2.16. Relocation 31 T2.17 Table 2.17. Housing Tenure (% HHs) 32 T2.18 Table 2.18. Next rent payment date (% of renting households) 33 Table 2.19. Reason cannot pay next rent payment T2.19 (% of HHs that cannot pay next rent) 34 Table 3.1 Respondents working status last week T3.1 (any work for pay or any income generating activities) 35 T3.2 Table 3.2 Change in working status (% of respondents) 36 T3.3 Table 3.3 Change in respondent working status (% of respondents) 37 T3.4 Table 3.4 Respondent working status (% of respondents) 38 T3.5 Table 3.5 Work status at time of interview - Round 3 (July), by sector 39 T3.6 Table 3.6. Work stoppages, by industry of main job 40 T3.7 Table 3.7 Job stability 41 T3.8 Table 3.8. Work stoppages, main reason 42 T3.9 Table 3.9 Job Search, Respondents 43 T3.10 Table 3.10. Type of work of those respondents working 44 Table 3.11 Main industry of those respondents working T3.11 (% of respondents working) 45 F3.2 Figure 3.2. Employment transition matrix between baseline and R3 46 T3.12 Table 3.12 Changes in working habits, wage work 47 T3.13 Table 3.13. Wage workers not working as usual, respondents only 48 T3.14 Table 3.14. Hours of work (among wage workers) 49 T3.15 Table 3.15. Change in hours worked (among wage workers), by sector 50 T3.16 Table 3.16. COVID-19 workplace prevention measures (% of wage workers) 51 T3.17 Table 3.17 Adhering to COVID-19 workplace prevention measures (% of wage workers) 52 T4.1 Table 4.1 Family businesses, status & fluctuation* 53 T4.2 Table 4.2 Family businesses, status & fluctuation* 54 T4.3 Table 4.3 Number of household nonfarm businesses (% of HH) 55 TABLE OF CONTENTS Number Table Page F4.1 Figure 4.1: Family businesses, status & fluctuation* (% of HHs) 56 Table 4.4 Family businesses - status by quintiles T4.4 Round 3 (July) 57 T4.5 Table 4.5 Family businesses, main reason for closure 58 T4.6 Table 4.6. Family business revenues, by sector 59 Table 4.7. Family business revenue T4.7 (% of HHs with nonfarm business) 60 T4.8 Table 4.8: Change in HH nonfarm business, over time 61 T4.9 Table 4.9. Family business by sector 62 T4.10 Table 4.10. None/Less revenues in family business 63 T4.11 Table 4.11. Family farms & agriculture - status at R3 (July 2020) 64 T4.12 Table 4.12. Continuity of family farming (% of all HHs, R3) 65 T4.13 Table 4.13. Characteristics of primary decisionmaker for HH crop farming activities 66 T4.14 Table 4.14. Need & Accessability of farming inputs, Round 3 (July 2020) 67 T4.15 Table 4.15. Lack of access to farm inputs, number of inputs 68 Table 4.16. Reason not able to access inputs - Round 3 (July) T4.16 % HHs that could not access suffcient inputs for 2020 agricultural season 69 Table 4.17. Reason not able to access inputs - Round 3 (July) T4.17 % HHs that could not access/transport suffcient inputs for 2020 agricultural season 70 T5.1 Table 5.1 SAFETY NETS since coronavirus pandemic (% of HHs) 71 T5.2 Table 5.2 Food Assistance by source, since coronavirus pandemic (% of HHs) 72 T5.3 Table 5.3 Difficulties accessing food assistance 73 T5.4 Table 5.4 Other Income sources - % of HHs 74 F5.1 Figure 5.1. Safety Nets and Livelihood Sources 75 T5.5 Table 5.5. Number of shocks per HH, % of HHs 76 F5.2 Figure 5.2 Average number of shocks per HH, by GHS consumption quintiles 77 T5.6 Table 5.6. Types of shocks, since mid-March 78 T5.7 Table 5.7 Coping mechanisms for shocks, since April/May (% of HHs with shock by round) 79 Section 0 - Metadata Table 0.1: Sample Composition (# of Households) Sector Zones Total North North North South South South Urban Rural Central East West East South West Sample size, GHS 2019 4,976 1,592 3,384 845 825 843 824 815 824 Round 1 (Apr/May), HHs called (sample size) 3,000 967 2,033 530 507 487 497 477 502 HHs fully interviewed 1,950 755 1,195 319 328 300 352 279 372 Round 2 (June), HHs called (sample size) 1,950 755 1,195 319 328 300 352 279 372 HHs fully interviewed (both rounds) 1,820 717 1,103 296 314 294 329 245 342 Round 3 (July), HHs called (sample size) 1,925 742 1,183 317 327 299 349 268 365 HHs fully interviewed 1,790 703 1,087 286 321 285 323 232 343 HHs fully interviewed, all 3 rounds 1,737 686 1,051 279 313 283 311 222 329 HHs fully interviewed, only Round 1 and Round 3 1,790 703 1,087 286 321 285 323 232 343 HHs reached but not fully interviewed 19 7 12 2 - 1 4 6 6 HHs refused 28 13 15 2 1 1 6 10 8 HHs unable to reach 88 19 69 27 5 12 16 20 8 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 4 Section 0 - Metadata Table 0.2: Contact Rate Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) Round 3 (July) Average # Average # Average # calls % of Total HHs % of Total HHs % of Total HHs calls per HH calls per HH per HH Calls made - all HHs 4.98 4.37 4.87 Calls made, HHs interviewed 3.69 67.17 3.94 93.85 4.22 93.92 Calls made, HHs refused 3.79 1.40 6.27 1.13 11.86 1.45 Calls made, no contact 8.43 24.33 11.93 4.51 15.95 3.95 Calls made, other non-response 5.61 7.10 13.30 0.51 14.38 0.68 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 5 Section 0 - Metadata Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 6 Section 0 - Metadata Table0.3: Result of Interview SECTOR OVERALL Urban Rural # of % of overall # of % of urban # of % of rural households sample households sample households sample Round 1 Contacted, Round 1 2070 69 796 82 1274 63 Apr/May Not contacted, Round 1 (Apr/May) 930 31 171 18 759 37 Round 2 Contacted, Round 2 1852 95 731 97 1121 94 June Complete 1820 93.3 717 95.0 1103 92.3 Partially Complete 10 0.5 2 0.3 8 0.7 Refused 22 1.1 12 1.6 10 0.8 Not contacted, Round 2 98 5 24 3 74 6 Nobody answering 38 1.9 12 1.6 26 2.2 Number does not exist 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Phone turned off 49 2.5 12 1.6 37 3.1 Wrong number (don't know the household) 2 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.2 Reference person can't connect to household 8 0.4 0 0.0 8 0.7 Round 3 Contacted, Round 3 1837 95 723 97 1114 94 July Complete 1790 93.0 703 94.7 1087 91.9 Partially Complete 18 0.9 7 0.9 11 0.9 Refused 28 1.5 13 1.8 15 1.3 Language barrier 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Not contacted, Round 3 88 5 19 3 69 6 Nobody answering 28 1.5 9 1.2 19 1.6 Number does not exist 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Phone turned off 47 2.4 6 0.8 41 3.5 Wrong number (don't know the household) 4 0.2 2 0.3 2 0.2 Reference person can't connect to household 8 0.4 2 0.3 6 0.5 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 7 Section 0 - Metadata Table 0.4: Sample Composition* NLPS Covid-19 GHS Wave 4 Post-Harvest Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) Round 3 (July Initial sample Interviewed Sample Interviewed Sample Interviewed Sample Unweighted Weighted Characteristic (unweighted) Unweighted Weighted Unweighted Weighted Unweighted Weighted Sample size (successful interviews) 4976 3000 1950 1820 1790 Average household size 5.33 5.53 5.33 5.52 5.53 5.53 5.53 5.55 5.53 Household head characteristics Female head (%) 20.1 18.6 20.2 19.1 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.4 18.6 Age 49.8 48.8 49.4 49.4 49.2 49.3 49.1 49.3 49.0 Literate (%) 72.8 74.4 72.9 79.4 74.4 79.9 74.4 80.2 74.4 Asset ownership Regular mobile phone 66.1 65.4 66.5 71.1 66.0 71.4 66.3 70.9 66.2 Smart phone 26.5 26.7 26.7 32.9 26.8 33.1 26.4 33.2 26.5 Television 45.5 45.1 46.4 55.3 48.1 56.0 48.2 55.8 48.5 Refrigerator 18.0 17.3 18.4 23.4 18.7 23.6 18.4 23.5 18.9 Car 9.8 9.6 9.9 12.5 9.4 12.4 9.0 12.4 9.5 Generator 26.3 24.6 26.3 32.4 24.4 32.4 24.3 32.5 25.0 Consumption quintile (population based) Q1 12.2 11.7 11.6 9.7 11.7 9.2 11.7 9.5 11.7 Q2 13.7 14.3 14.1 12.4 14.3 12.4 14.3 12.3 14.3 Q3 18.5 17.8 18.4 17.3 17.8 17.6 17.8 17.6 17.8 Q4 22.3 23.0 22.7 23.5 23.0 23.5 23.0 23.6 23.0 Q5 33.3 33.1 33.2 37.1 33.1 37.3 33.1 37.0 33.1 Consumption quintile (household based) Q1 20.5 20.1 20.1 16.4 19.8 15.9 19.9 16.1 19.4 Q2 21.0 19.9 20.9 19.6 19.9 19.9 20.2 20.0 20.9 Q3 19.1 20.0 19.4 19.7 19.9 19.6 19.6 19.7 19.7 Q4 19.5 20.0 19.0 21.0 19.9 21.2 20.0 21.2 20.1 Q5 20.0 20.0 20.6 23.4 20.4 23.5 20.4 23.0 19.9 * Based on information from the GHS only. Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 8 Section 0 - Metadata Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 9 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.1. Respondent Characteristics - Age and Sex (% of all respondents interviewed) Respondents, Round 2 (June) Respondents, Round 3 (July) HH changed HH changed All Male Female respondent All Male Female respondent (R1 to R2) (R2 to R3) All (% of respondents) 100 73.5 26.5 2.0 100 75.6 24.4 2.4 15-24 years 5.1 4.4 7.1 5.5 5.1 7.0 25-39 years 31.1 31.4 30.3 32.4 33.5 28.8 40-49 years 24.2 25.6 20.1 23.3 24.8 18.5 50-64 years 27.1 26.7 28.2 26.1 25.9 26.8 65 years and above 12.5 11.9 14.3 12.7 10.7 18.9 Median age of respondents 45 44 46 45 44 46 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 10 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.2: Respondent Relationship to Head Round 3 (July) Respondents (%) Relationship to HH Head Total Male Female Head 81.1 91.6 52.3 Spouse 9.5 0.1 35.5 Child (own/step/adopted) 7.4 7.0 8.6 Other relative 1.8 1.3 3.4 Not related 0.1 0.1 0.2 % of respondents that are female 24.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 11 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.3: Respondent education (% of respondents) Round 3 (July)* Total Male Female Literate (in any language)* 81.1 84.9 70.4 Level No school 13.5 10.3 22.3 Primary - partial 4.3 3.7 6.0 Primary - completed 18.1 18.2 17.8 Secondary - partial 7.7 7.5 8.1 Secondary - completed 27.2 28.0 24.8 Tertiary - partial & completed 23.5 25.1 19.3 Religious 5.7 7.2 1.7 * Literacy and education level of R3 respondents, as reported in GHS 2019. Excludes all new HH members since the start of NLPS (48 respondents) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 12 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.4: Household Characteristcs (% of Households) Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (July) (Apr/May) (June) GHS Consumption Quintile Overall Overall Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Household size (average # individuals) 5.5 5.5 5.5 9.2 7.6 5.9 5.1 3.4 Household head, female (%) 18.4 18.4 18.2 8.8 9.5 21.3 21.1 21.7 Education level of HH Head: No school 21.9 22.2 22.2 39.6 25.1 21.3 20.3 16.5 Primary - partial 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.5 4.9 7.6 6.0 3.0 Primary - completed 18.9 18.5 18.9 11.8 15.7 19.4 23.6 19.2 Secondary - partial 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.9 6.5 6.2 4.5 Secondary - completed 22.7 22.8 22.8 13.1 14.7 18.4 29.0 27.9 Tertiary - partial & completed 16.0 16.0 16.0 7.2 10.1 11.0 10.8 27.9 Religious 9.7 9.7 9.5 17.6 23.6 15.7 4.2 1.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 13 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.5: Older Adults and Dependency Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (July) (Apr/May) (June) GHS Consumption Quintile Overall Overall Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Individuals 50 - 64 years old (%) 7.6 7.5 7.3 4.8 6.2 6.4 8.3 10.2 65 years old and older (%) 4.4 4.4 4.3 2.2 2.2 4.3 5.3 7.0 Households HHs with at least 1 person 50 - 64 (%) 39.6 40.0 39.3 44.5 44.3 37.0 39.4 36.6 HHs with at least 1 person 65+ (%) 23.7 23.7 23.8 20.5 16.5 26.5 26.7 24.5 HHs with at least 1 person 50+ (%) 53.4 53.9 53.7 58.6 52.6 55.1 53.8 51.6 Average share of members 50 - 64 9.0 9.4 9.1 4.8 6.5 6.9 9.4 12.6 Average share of members 65+ 7.4 7.3 7.3 3.1 2.8 6.0 9.7 9.8 HHs with at least 1 person below 15 75.9 77.5 77.2 96.0 95.0 89.9 76.7 56.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 14 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.1. Prevalence of safe practices % of respondents Prevalence of safe practices, last 7 days (% of respondents) Wash hands with Wear a mask when 100% soap & water after - 6.0 in public 11.0 8.2 being in public 90% 11.3 3.4 13.4 June July June July 80% 6.0 8.9 All the time 61.2 63.6 61.4 60.5 5.3 4.0 18.9 70% 15.5 Most of the time 15.5 18.9 10.9 13.8 10.9 13.8 About half the time 6.0 3.4 5.3 4.0 60% Some of the time 11.3 11.0 8.9 13.4 50% None of the time 1.9 0.9 8.2 6.0 Not Applicable (have not been in public) 4.1 2.2 5.2 2.2 40% 30% 61.2 63.6 61.4 60.5 20% 10% 0% June July June July Wash hands with soap & water after - Wear a mask when in public being in public All the time Most of the time About half the time Some of the time None of the time Not Applicable (have not been in public) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 15 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.1a. Number of religions/social gatherings attended % of respondents Number of events All Urban Rural attended None 22.6 32.7 18.0 One or Two 47.5 43.2 49.5 Three 11.3 8.4 12.7 Four 3.7 2.9 4.1 Five or more 14.8 12.9 15.7 * not asked at R2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 16 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.2. Accumulated basic needs, staple foods Average/HH Need & accessability of (All HHs) 5 food staples, last 7 days R1 R3 (April/May) (July) # food staples needed 3.17 3.22 # that HH was able to buy 2.02 2.16 # that HH NOT able to buy 1.15 1.06 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 17 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.3. Access to food staples* (basic needs), past 7 days R1 (April/May) Round 3 (July) Needed to Could not buy (% Needed to Could not buy (% HH that needed to buy) buy (% of HH that needed to buy (% of HHs) buy) HHs) All HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Rice 61.5 40.9 79.5 36.6 53.6 51.7 39.8 35.9 22.0 Beans 59.7 35.4 77.6 25.8 36.4 32.6 29.9 27.0 14.9 Cassava 48.2 33.8 64.1 17.6 30.4 24.8 13.9 17.0 12.1 Yams 49.4 59.0 56.0 61.7 74.7 69.7 57.7 60.7 57.0 Sorghum 39.4 30.9 44.4 24.3 26.9 28.0 18.0 28.0 21.8 Note: Not asked R2. Consumption Quintile based on GHS data Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 18 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.4. Reasons basic needs could not be bought (% of HHs that could not buy) Rice Beans Cassava Yams Sorghum R1 R3 R1 R3 R1 R3 R1 R3 R1 R3 Out of stock 3.5 0.1 1.0 0.3 4.3 1.4 9.2 9.1 1.9 2.6 Local market closed/ not operating 9.7 0.5 9.2 0.8 11.8 1.0 8.3 0.5 9.5 0.6 Limited/no transportation 1.7 0.5 3.1 0.3 0.6 1.4 3.3 0.8 1.6 4.8 Restriction to go outside 6.2 5.0 8.1 4.0 11.0 3.3 7.3 1.0 6.7 1.6 Price too high 17.0 33.4 5.7 23.1 7.3 14.1 17.5 40.7 3.6 23.9 No money to buy 88.7 87.7 89.8 89.6 83.5 92.6 84.1 80.2 85.1 86.9 Note: Round 1, April/May. Round 3, July. Questions not asked R2, June. % of HHs that could not buy staple food because they did not have money to buy it (by Round) 88.7 89.8 89.6 92.6 87.7 83.5 84.1 85.1 86.9 80.2 R1 R3 R1 R3 R1 R3 R1 R3 R1 R3 Rice Beans Cassava Yams Sorghum Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 19 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.5. Medical treatment since mid-March 2020 % of HHs needing % of HH medical treatment Round 1 - Apr/May Someone in HH needed medical treatment 34.3 100.0 Able to access medical treatment 25.5 74.4 Not able to access medical treatment 8.8 25.6 Round 2 - June Someone in HH needed medical treatment 35.1 100.0 Able to access medical treatment 30.1 85.6 Not able to access medical treatment 5.0 14.4 Round 3 - July Someone in HH needed medical treatment 39.7 100.0 Able to access medical treatment 34.3 86.4 Not able to access medical treatment 5.4 13.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 20 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.6. Reasons unable to access medical treatment (% of HHs where one of the members needed medical treatment) Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Frequency of reasons given (Apr/May) (June) (July) Lack of money 55.4 70.0 78.4 No medical personnel available 3.6 9.4 4.5 Turned away because facility was full 1.3 0.0 0.0 Due to movement restrictions 23.8 5.6 0.0 On suspicion of having coronavirus* 4.7 Refused treatment by facility* 1.7 Other 15.9 14.9 10.8 * These options were not available before R3. Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 21 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.7. Child immunizations since mid-March 2020 % of HH with % of HHs with child(ren) (ages 0- Ages 0-5 % of HHs children 0-5 5 years) that needed years old vaccines/immunizations Round 3- July HHs with child(ren) ages 0-5 years 53.1 100.0 HHs with child(ren) that needed immunizations 33.9 63.8 100.0 Able to get immunizations 26.8 50.4 79.0 Not able to get immunizations 7.1 13.4 21.0 Unable to get immunizations 13.4 Able to get immunizations 50.4 Needed immunizations 63.8 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 22 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.8. Reasons unable to obtain child vaccine/immunizations (% of HHs where at least one child, ages 0-5 years, needed them) Round 3 Frequency of reasons given (July) Lack of money 11.0 No medical personnel available 44.0 Turned away because facility was full 0.0 Due to movement restrictions 24.3 On Suspicion of having coronavirus 7.9 Refused treatment by facility 1.3 Other 21.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 23 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.9. Using coronavirus services from Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) NCDC sent out SMSs (texts) to share information % of HHs that % of HH about their hotline and self-assessment tools recieved SMS Round 3 - July Someone in HH received an SMS from NCDC 68.2 100.0 HH comfortable using NCDC tools if needed 60.7 89.0 HH not comfortable using NCDC tools 7.5 11.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 24 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.10. Reasons why HH members not feel comfortable to use NCDC hotline (% of HHs that received SMS from NCDC about coronavirus) Round 3 Frequency of reasons given (July) Worried it might cost money 17.4 Fear of being shunned by community (stigma) 11.9 Don't trust the system will ensure confidenciality 13.6 Don't think the system will work 40.9 Other 46.9 *Multiple options are available Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 25 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.11. Coronavirus restrictions - effects on education* Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (July) (Apr/May) (June) % HHs, (GHS) consumption quintiles %HHs, by sector % all HHs % all HHs % all HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Urban Rural HHs with children ages 5 - 20 80.2 74.8 74.5 90.2 94.6 85.8 76.4 52.7 65.9 78.4 HHs with children attending school, pre-closures 92.8 92.6 74.9 90.2 94.6 86.9 76.9 53.3 66.1 79.0 Any students, in the past 7 days: Engaged in any learning/education activities 61.8 61.1 54.0 35.0 49.9 51.2 60.0 65.1 69.7 47.9 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 26 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.12. Types of learning activities, past 7 days Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) Round 3 (July) As % of HHs that As % of HHs that As % of HHs that As % of all HHs As % of all HHs As % of all HHs engaged in learning engaged in learning engaged in with children 5-20 with children 5-19 with children 5-20 activities activities learning activities Completed assignments from the teacher 9.8 17.1 20.6 33.6 20.1 37.3 Used mobile learning apps 3.6 6.2 10.9 17.9 11.0 20.5 Watched educational TV programs 8.9 15.5 18.8 30.7 21.1 39.0 Listened to educational radio progams 11.7 20.5 27.6 45.2 24.2 44.9 Studied/read on their own 38.6 67.4 48.9 80.1 41.7 77.3 Taught by parent or other HH member 32.1 56.1 46.1 75.3 39.5 73.3 Session/meeting with Lesson Teacher (tutor) 9.1 15.9 20.1 32.9 24.7 45.8 Other activities 1.8 3.1 1.4 2.2 1.1 2.1 *Multiple options are available Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 27 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.13. Public transport, last 7 days Public transport All HHs Urban Rural (e.g. bus, taxi, drop, keke, okada) HHs needed public transport 68.8 72.6 67.0 % of HHs, needed public transport Able to access public transport 95.4 97.6 94.3 Accessed, no difficulties 61.4 63.2 60.5 Accessed, but had difficulties 34.0 34.5 33.8 Not able to access public transport 4.6 2.4 5.7 Public transport, last 7 days Round 3 - July 70.0 61.4 63.2 60.5 60.0 50.0 40.0 34.0 34.5 33.8 30.0 20.0 10.0 4.6 5.7 2.4 0.0 All HHs Urban Rural Accessed, no difficulties Accessed, but had difficulties Not able to access public transport Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 28 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.14. Reasons for difficulty when accessing public transport Round 3 Frequency of reasons given % of HHs that % of HHs that accessed it had difficulty Reduced frequency of service 7.9 22.2 Reduced capacity/seats 7.2 20.3 Higher prices 26.5 74.5 Other 5.3 14.9 *Multiple options are available Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 29 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.15. Travel between states, since mid-March Round 3 (July) % HHs, (GHS) consumption quintiles %HHs, by sector % all HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Urban Rural Any HH member traveled between states 17.9 17.4 22.2 18.5 17.1 16.4 16.5 18.5 Main purpose of travel Official/business 40.3 15.1 36.6 43.6 39.6 50.3 35.7 42.1 Personal 59.7 84.9 63.4 56.4 60.4 49.7 64.3 57.9 Main means of transport used Public/commerical transport 82.0 80.8 82.5 Private transport 16.0 13.2 17.1 Government/official transport 1.8 5.1 0.4 By air 0.0 0.1 0.0 By water 0.2 0.8 0.0 Time of day traveled (select all that apply) Morning 82.5 82.2 82.6 Afternoon 11.7 11.7 11.7 Evening/Night 15.6 14.1 16.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 30 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.16. Relocation Round 3 (July) Since mid-March… % all HHs Urban Rural HHs that have moved 3.0 2.6 3.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 31 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.17. Housing Tenure (% HHs) Round 3 (July) By (GHS) consumption quintiles By sector Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Urban Rural Own 63.8 78.7 69.8 67.4 64.0 53.7 44.5 72.6 Occupy/free 10.5 10.1 12.2 12.7 9.1 9.7 10.5 10.5 Rent: secure 12.4 4.1 7.8 10.0 14.0 17.5 21.8 8.1 Rent: insecure 13.3 7.1 10.1 9.9 12.9 19.1 23.2 8.8 Housing Tenure % of HHs 100% 10.5 10.1 12.2 12.7 9.1 9.7 10.5 10.5 90% 80% 70% 44.5 53.7 60% 64.0 63.8 69.8 67.4 72.6 50% 78.7 40% 21.8 30% 17.5 20% 12.4 14.0 7.8 10.0 8.1 10% 19.1 23.2 4.1 13.3 10.1 9.9 12.9 7.1 8.8 0% Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Urban Rural Overall By (GHS) consumption quintiles By sector Rent: insecure Rent: secure Own Occupy/free Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 32 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.18. Next rent payment date (% of renting households) By (GHS) consumption quintiles Overall Next payment is due: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Already due 28.7 20.3 19.8 26.6 27.0 33.0 Within 1 month 27.6 32.5 22.7 21.5 32.5 27.4 Within 3 months 11.3 22.0 20.6 11.7 10.6 8.4 Within 4-6 months 18.1 23.9 31.1 11.4 16.2 17.6 Within 7-12 months 9.8 1.3 2.1 18.1 11.7 8.9 In more than 12 months 4.6 0.0 3.8 10.7 2.0 4.8 All HHs that cannot pay next rent due 51.8 63.4 56.4 49.8 47.9 52.1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 33 Section 2 - Behavour and Access to Services Table 2.19. Reason cannot pay next rent payment (% of HHs that cannot pay next rent) By (GHS) consumption quintiles Frequency of reasons given* All Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Reduction in household income 85.0 100.0 90.4 83.0 93.3 78.6 Increase in the prices of food items 58.1 82.4 59.1 72.1 47.8 55.7 Increase in the prices of non-food items 49.9 54.5 48.1 48.9 46.7 51.6 Increase in rent 23.1 35.1 48.7 32.7 22.5 13.2 Other reason 20.5 34.7 15.9 20.6 18.8 20.5 *Multiple options are available Reason for worry about making next rent payment (% of rent insecure households) Other reason Increase in rent Increase in the prices of non-food items Increase in the prices of food items Reduction in household income 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 34 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.1 Respondents working status last week (any work for pay or any income generating activities) GHS W4 PH 2019 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Only NLPS (Apr/May) (June) (July) Status of work respondents+ Respondent WORKING (%) 85.1 42.7 71.3 81.8 Also was working in previous round 51.2 79.4 Returned to work since previous round 48.8 20.6 Respondent NOT WORKING (%) 14.9 57.3 28.7 18.2 Also not working in previous round* 24.1 77.3 64.6 Stopped working since previous round* 75.9 22.7 35.4 +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way * For Round 1 it means before outbreak Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 35 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.2 Change in working status (% of respondents) Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (Apr/May) (June) (July) Working Status Also was working in previous round 42.7 36.5 65.0 Returned to work since previous round 0.0 34.8 16.8 Also not working in previous round* 13.8 22.2 11.7 Stopped working since previous round* 43.5 6.5 6.4 +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way * For Round 1 it means before outbreak Work status at time of interview Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 100% (Apr/May) (June) (July) 13.8 11.7 Working 90% (still) 42.7 36.5 65.0 22.2 Working (returned) 34.8 6.4 16.8 80% Not working (still) 13.8 22.2 11.7 6.5 16.8 6.4 Not working (stopped) 70% 43.5 6.5 43.5 60% 34.8 50% 40% 65.0 30% 20% 42.7 36.5 10% 0% Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) Round 3 (July) Working (still) Working (returned) Not working (stopped) Not working (still) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 36 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.3 Change in respondent working status (% of respondents) % by (GHS) consumption quintiles % All Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Working Continuously since April/May 33.6 26.5 36.1 37.0 33.3 33.5 Working since June 31.4 37.4 31.0 34.4 29.0 29.5 Returned to work in July 12.1 14.6 11.7 13.3 11.0 11.4 Working-Not working-Working 4.8 4.9 6.9 1.9 5.2 5.0 Working-Working-Not working 3.3 3.0 4.6 1.3 4.7 2.8 Working-Not working-Not working 1.8 2.2 1.2 1.6 0.8 2.7 Not working-Working-Not working 3.2 2.7 1.4 2.9 4.3 3.5 Not returned to work* 6.2 8.6 4.3 5.7 5.1 7.3 Not working even before outbreak* 3.7 0.0 2.7 1.9 6.6 4.4 * Respondents not working at R1 were asked if the worked pre-outbreak) +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way Work Status at Time of Interview 100.0 6.2 8.6 4.3 5.7 90.0 5.1 7.3 80.0 13.3 70.0 12.1 14.6 11.7 11.0 11.4 60.0 31.0 34.4 50.0 31.4 29.0 29.5 37.4 40.0 30.0 20.0 36.1 37.0 33.6 33.3 33.5 26.5 10.0 0.0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 % All % by (GHS) consumption quintiles Working Continuously since April/May Working since June Returned to work in July Working-Not working-Working Working-Working-Not working Working-Not working-Not working Not working-Working-Not working Not returned to work* Not working even before outbreak* Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 37 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.4 Respondent working status (% of respondents) % All Not working since mid-March 9.9 Working Continuously since April/May 33.6 Returned to work in June and still working in July 31.4 Returned to work in July 12.1 In and out of work since April/May 13.0 Work Status at Time of Interview (% of respondents) Not working since mid- March 10% In and out of work since Returned to work in April/May July 13% 12% Working Continuously since April/May Returned to work in 34% June and still working in July 31% Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 38 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.5 Work status at time of interview - Round 3 (July), by sector By sectors Construction, Manufacturing Public Worked last week (any work for pay or any income All sectors Agriculture transport and Commerce Services & Utilities Administration generating activities) prof. activities Working Continuously since April/May 33.6 39.4 23.6 34.6 25.1 9.6 32.5 Working since June 31.4 34.7 34.7 25.7 30.6 44.8 28.3 Returned to work in July 12.1 12.3 31.2 12.6 14.4 26.3 7.5 Working-Not working-Working 4.8 4.9 2.1 3.6 6.2 1.4 5.2 Working-Working-Not working 3.3 2.5 0.0 10.7 2.8 2.7 3.6 Working-Not working-Not working 1.8 0.9 0.0 1.8 2.6 1.5 5.2 Not working-Working-Not working 3.2 1.8 6.5 5.6 4.0 0.0 7.6 Not returned to work* 6.2 3.4 2.0 5.5 14.2 13.6 10.2 Not working even before outbreak* 3.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way Work status, by sector (% of respondents, Round 3 - July) 1.8 5.6 4.0 6.5 4.9 2.1 6.2 3.6 34.7 34.7 25.7 30.6 39.4 34.6 23.6 25.1 Agriculture Manufacturing & Utilities Construction, transport and prof. Commerce activities Not working-Working-Not working Working-Not working-Not working Working-Working-Not working Working-Not working-Working Working since June Working Continuously since April/May Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 39 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.6. Work stoppages, by industry of main job RETURNED to work (% of STOPPED working during the outbreak (% of respondents) respondents that STOPPED) Between Mid-March Between April/May Between June and Round 3 (July) and April/May and June July All 42.2 6.3 6.4 27.4 Agriculture 24.8 39.5 37.3 57.4 Mining & Utilities 2.1 1.8 1.0 2.0 Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 16.9 10.6 21.7 8.2 Commerce 29.4 22.1 16.1 18.4 Public Administration 7.3 5.3 1.0 4.0 Services 19.5 20.9 22.9 9.9 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 40 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.7 Job stability % of respondents working Round 2 (June) Round 3 (July) Same job as before 79.1 74.4 Changed jobs 8.3 3.3 Not previously working 12.6 22.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 41 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.8. Work stoppages, main reason Percentage of respondents that stopped Percentage of respondents that COVID-19 working stopped working related? Round 1 Round 2 (June) Round 3 (June) Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (May/Apr) Business/office closed - coronavirus legal restrictions 85.8 40.9 19.0 Relation to coronavirus outbreak & Ill/quarantined 0.5 15.3 20.1 Need to care for ill relative 0.0 3.7 0.9 related counter measures Potentially Not able to go to farm - movement restrictions 2.2 0.0 0.0 89.5 64.4 47.8 related Laid off while business continues 0.4 0.0 0.6 Furlough (temporarily laid off) 0.2 0.8 0.0 Not able to farm due to lack of inputs 0.4 3.7 7.3 Business/office closed for another reason 2.2 5.3 11.7 Not farming season 3.6 2.6 2.7 Seasonal worker/or farming season 1.1 1.7 3.6 Potentially 10.5 35.6 52.2 Retired 0.3 0.0 0.4 unrelated Vacation 0.1 6.9 2.5 Other 3.2 19.0 31.2 % of respondents that stopped working 42.2 6.3 6.4 42.2 6.3 6.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 42 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.9 Job Search, Respondents Round 2 (June) Round 3 (July) % all % not working % all % not working Not working 28.7 100.0 18.2 100.0 1. Temporarily absent 21.1 73.4 12.8 70.8 1.1. Expect to return within 3 months 11.3 39.3 7.6 42.1 1.2. They don't know when they will come back 9.8 34.2 5.2 28.7 2. Searched for work (last 4 weeks) 1.4 4.8 1.4 7.7 3. Not searched for work 6.2 21.8 3.9 21.5 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 43 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.10. Type of work of those respondents working Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) Round 3 (July) % of respondents % of respondents % of all respondents % of all respondents % of all respondents classified as new classified as new working working working workers in Round 2 workers in Round 3 Family Business 40.0 42.0 49.3 35.1 17.0 Family farming (or livestock or fishing) 42.0 46.2 46.1 53.2 21.8 Employee in private company 11.7 7.1 52.8 7.2 26.9 Employee in government 4.8 3.8 61.1 3.4 23.4 Paid apprentice/trainee/intern 1.4 0.9 36.8 1.1 24.3 Percentage of respondents working 42.6 71.3 48.4 81.8 20.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 44 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.11 Main industry of those respondents working (% of respondents working) Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (Apr/May) (June) (July) Agriculture 48.0 43.4 62.5 Mining 0.6 0.7 0.4 Utilities 1.1 1.0 0.7 Construction 5.9 4.9 3.3 Buying & Selling 18.3 22.2 14.0 Transport 6.6 5.3 3.2 Professional Activities 1.4 2.2 1.5 Public Administration 2.3 3.0 2.5 Personal Services 15.8 17.4 11.9 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 45 Section 3 - Employment Figure 3.2. Employment transition matrix between baseline and R3 Round 3 Not working Agriculture Industry Commerce Services TOTAL Not working 13.5 27.1 2.1 7.0 6.8 56.4 Agriculture 1.9 18.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 20.9 Baseline Industry 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.8 3.7 Commerce 0.9 2.9 0.0 4.1 0.0 8.0 Services 2.2 2.6 0.2 0.4 5.6 11.0 TOTAL 18.6 52.1 3.7 11.7 14.0 100 Return to Work by Sector (% Still not of respondents working Working notinworking in agriculture Working Working in industry April/May) Working in services in commerce 60.0 July 23.9 48.0 3.8 12.3 12.0 June 40.4 22.6 4.4 17.2 15.4 50.0 48.0 40.4 40.0 30.0 23.9 22.6 20.0 17.2 15.4 12.3 12.0 10.0 4.4 3.8 0.0 Still not working Working in agriculture Working in industry Working in commerce Working in services June July Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 46 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.12 Changes in working habits, wage work R2 (June) - R3 (July) - Percent Percent Respondent not able to work as usual* (% of respondents with wage-work) 45.3 17.4 Other adults not working as usual* (% of HHs) 13.1 8.4 Any adults in HH (respondent or other adults) not working as usual, all HHs 17.6 9.8 Average number of HH members not working as usual, all HHs* 0.2 0.1 * NOT ABLE to work as usual in their WAGE JOB (at place of work or from home) last week. NOTE: Baseline status based on baseline questions regarding work in last 7 days. "before outbreak" based on baseline question "were you working prior to mid-March?" Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 47 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.13. Wage workers not working as usual, respondents only Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (Apr/May) (June) (July) Wage workers % of all respondents 7.7 12.8 9.4 % of all respondents working 18.0 11.9 11.7 Change in work hours (% respondents with wage work) More 10.9 7.6 Same amount 44.7 45.2 Less 44.4 47.2 Able to work as usual last week* (% respondents with wage work) Yes 55.3 54.7 82.6 No 44.7 45.3 17.4 Payment status (% respondents not able to work as usual) 45.3 Full normal payment 44.4 34.1 13.5 Partial payment 15.3 12.8 61.8 No payment 40.2 53.1 24.7 Reason for not working as usual (% respondents not able to work as usual) Business/office closed - coronavirus legal restrictions 83.3 85.2 55.1 Ill/quarantined 1.7 1.6 4.6 Need to care for ill relative 0.0 0.0 0.0 Not able to go to farm - movement restrictions 1.7 0.3 0.0 Laid off while business continues 1.2 0.0 0.0 Furlough (temporarily laid off) 1.2 0.0 0.0 Not able to farm due to lack of inputs 0.7 0.0 0.00 Business/office closed for another reason 0.3 6.1 21.5 Not farming season 0.0 0.0 0.0 Seasonal worker/or farming season 1.5 0.0 0.0 Retired 0.5 0.0 0.0 Vacation 0.4 0.0 0.0 Other 7.5 6.7 18.8 * either at place of employment or remotely from home Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 48 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.14. Hours of work (among wage workers) Hours worked last week R3 - July: Change in hours compared to (Average #) mid-March (% of wage workers) Round 2 - June* Round 3 - July+ More Same Less All 29.9 30.6 10.8 40.4 48.9 Agriculture 13.0 21.7 23.2 25.0 51.8 Mining & Utilities 3.0 35.1 9.5 66.0 24.5 Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 30.8 26.8 11.7 48.5 39.8 Commerce 72.0 47.9 0.0 42.6 57.4 Public Administration 36.8 35.5 6.9 31.5 61.6 Services 32.0 36.5 4.1 40.9 55.1 * For R2 this table only shows wage workers, but excludes the respondents that said they were not working as usual because business/office is closed due to coronavirus legal restrictions + For R3 this table shows all wage workers Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 49 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.15. Change in hours worked (among wage workers), by sector R3 - July: Change in hours compared to mid-March (% of wage workers) More Same Less All 11% 40% 49% Agriculture 23.2 25.0 51.8 Mining & Utilities 9.5 66.0 24.5 Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 11.7 48.5 39.8 Commerce 42.6 57.4 Public Administration 6.9 31.5 61.6 Services 4.1 40.9 55.1 * For R2 this table only shows wage workers, but excludes the respondents that said they were not working as usual because business/office is closed due to coronavirus legal restrictions + For R3 this table shows all wage workers Number of Hours Worked Compared to before Mid- March (% of wage workers in July) More, 11% Less, 49% Same, 40% Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 50 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.16. COVID-19 workplace prevention measures (% of wage workers) Measures taken by employer (select all that apply) Round 3 Use of disinfectant for cleaning 73.0 Provide hand sanitizer 87.4 Raising awareness about preventative measures 67.0 Provide masks 61.1 Provide gloves 48.9 Allowed to work from home 28.7 Respondent not going to office or office is closed 9.5 None (employer not taking any measures) 7.8 Other 11.2 COVID-19 Preventative Measures taken by employer (% of wage workers in July 2020) 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Use of disinfectant Provide hand Raising awareness Provide masks Provide gloves Allowed to work None (employer not Other for cleaning sanitizer about preventative from home taking any measures measures) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 51 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.17 Adhering to COVID-19 workplace prevention measures (% of wage workers) Do you and your colleagues at the workplace follow the preventive measures of personal hygiene and Round 3 social distancing? Strongly follow 37.9 Mostly follow 37.8 Sometimes yes and sometimes no 16.9 Mostly do not 4.8 Not at all 2.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 52 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.1 Family businesses, status & fluctuation* % HHs by % HHs with Non-farm business/enterprise (NFE) % status NFE open at As reported at Round 3 (July 2020) all HHs R3 (July) R2 (June) NFE open as of July (R3) 60.3 100.0 NFE started after June/R2 5.5 9.1 NFE still open since June/R2 or earlier 54.9 90.9 87.7 NFE closed as of July (R3) 18.3 100.0 … opened in R2 but closed in R3 (temp/perm) 7.6 41.8 … temporarily closed since R2 6.1 33.2 9.7 … permanently closed since R2 1.6 9.0 2.6 … still closed (temp/perm) since R1 2.9 16.0 No NFE anytime in 2020 21.4 +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 53 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.2 Family businesses, status & fluctuation* Non-farm business/enterprise (NFE) % of HHs As reported at Round 3 (July 2020) NFE open as of July (R3) 60.3 NFE started after June/R2 5.5 NFE still open since R2 23.8 NFE open since R1 31.1 NFE closed as of July (R3) 18.3 … opened in R2 but closed in R3 (temp/perm) 7.6 … temporarily closed since R2 6.1 … permanently closed since R2 1.6 … still closed (temp/perm) since R1 2.9 No NFE anytime in 2020 21.4 +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way Operating since April/May Non-Farm Business Status in July 39.6% Operating since June 30.2% Operating since July (% of Households with Non-Farm Business in 2020) 7.0% Closed-Opened-Closed 9.7% Opened-Closed-Closed Operating 9.8% since July, 7.0% Closed since outbreak 3.7% Operating since June, 30.2% Opened-Closed-Closed, 9.8% Currently closed, Closed since 23.2% Closed-Opened- outbreak, Closed, 9.7% 3.7% Operating since April/May, 39.6% Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 54 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.3 Number of household nonfarm businesses (% of HH) Non-farm business/enterprise (NFE) GHS-P* Round 3 (July) As reported at Round 3 (July 2020) (Jan/Feb 2019) No NFE 36.9 21.4 Number of NFEs per HH** HHs with 1 NFE 41.0 75.9 HHs with 2 NFEs 17.6 2.2 HHs with 3+ NFEs 4.5 0.4 *R3 households only Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 55 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Figure 4.1: Family businesses, status & fluctuation* (% of HHs) GHS-P Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Open 63.1 42.0 57.8 61.0 Temporarily closed (R1 "closed") 12.5 11.5 10.6 Permanently close 3.9 7.1 No NFE 36.9 45.5 26.8 21.3 Total 100 100 100 100 +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way 63.1 63.1 GHS-P (Jan/Feb 2019) 36.9 42.0 Open 42.0 57.8 Round 1 12.5 (April/May) 45.5 61.0 57.8 12.5 Round 2 15.4 Closed 17.7 (June) 15.4 26.8 36.9 61.0 45.5 Round 3 No NFE (July) 17.7 26.8 21.3 21.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 56 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.4 Family businesses - status by quintiles Round 3 (July) % All % R3 HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles HHs, R3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 NFE open as of July (R3) 60.3 61.7 63.6 60.2 62.9 56.6 NFE started after June/R2 5.5 4.3 9.9 4.6 5.1 4.7 NFE still open since June/R2 or earlier 54.9 57.4 53.7 55.6 57.8 51.9 NFE closed as of July (R3) 18.3 18.4 20.5 20.0 15.5 18.2 … opened in R2 but closed in R3 (temp/perm) 7.6 6.2 10.6 6.8 7.7 7.2 … temporarily closed since R2 6.1 4.8 7.6 8.8 4.9 5.2 … permanently closed since R2 1.6 4.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.8 … still closed (temp/perm) since R1 2.9 2.7 1.0 3.6 2.2 4.1 No NFE anytime in 2020 21.4 19.9 15.9 19.8 21.6 25.2 +This table includes only 1669 observations that represent HHs with information for all rounds and that they did not change respondents along the way ** only asked at Round 3. ALL SUBSEQUENT TABLES REFER ONLY TO THE FIRST/PRIMARY NFE REPORTED BY EACH HOUSEHOLD Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 57 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.5 Family businesses, main reason for closure Percentage of HHs with NFEs CLOSED as of Round 3 - July* temporarily closed permanently closed temporarily closed permanently closed Covid-19 related? Round 2 Round 3 Round 2 Round 3 Round 2 Round 3 Round 2 Round 3 Usual place of business closed due to coronavirus legal Relation to coronavirus outbreak & 70.7 38.4 39.8 32.5 restrictions related counter measures No customers/ fewer customers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Potentially 78.69 60.26 45.81 68.83 Can't get inputs 0.0 0.3 1.4 0.0 related Can't travel/ transport goods for trade 5.1 12.0 0.3 13.6 Ill/ quarantined due to coronavirus 2.9 9.6 4.4 22.8 Usual place of business closed, other reasons 1.6 3.5 2.2 0.0 Ill, other reason/disease 5.5 15.9 32.8 13.9 Need to take care of a family member 1.5 3.8 0.7 0.3 Potentially 21.31 39.74 54.19 31.17 Seasonal closure 3.2 2.4 5.7 0.0 unrelated Vacation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other 9.4 14.2 12.8 16.9 * includes all HHs that reported having a NFE anytime during 2020 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 58 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.6. Family business revenues, by sector Family business operated in each round Round 2: Sales revenue (early June), Round 3: Sales revenue (early July), compared to April 2020 compared to June 2020 None Less Same Higher None Less Same Higher Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 0.4 56.6 4.9 38.1 6.9 51.6 20.6 20.9 Commerce 8.9 48.1 14.6 28.4 3.7 46.1 16.6 33.6 Services 8.0 47.7 21.5 22.8 8.7 52.9 13.3 25.1 % HHs with a family business (per Round) 7.9 47.8 15.5 28.8 5.2 48.1 16.9 29.8 % of all HHs (per Round) 2.1 12.6 4.1 7.6 7.2 24.3 8.0 14.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 59 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.7. Family business revenue (% of HHs with nonfarm business) Round 3 (July): sales revenue, compared to June 2020 All None Less Same Higher Round 1 (Apr/May): 23.4 38.6 19.0 15.5 26.8 Sales revenue, 57.0 26.0 34.3 9.0 30.7 compared to mid- 8.3 28.5 18.2 18.1 35.2 March** 11.3 14.9 18.7 9.7 56.7 *HHs that confirmed at baseline (April/May) having a business anytime in (early) 2020 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 60 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.8: Change in HH nonfarm business, over time None Less Same Higher Round 1 (Apr/May): sales revenue, compared to mid-March* 23.4 57.8 8.3 10.5 (% of HHs in Round 1 with a family business) Round 2 (June): sales revenue (early June), compared to April 2020 7.9 47.8 15.5 28.8 (% of HHs in Round 1 and 2 with a family business) Round 3 (July): sales revenue (July), compared to May 2020 5.2 48.1 16.9 29.8 (% of HHs in Round 2 and 3 with a family business) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 61 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.9. Family business by sector Sector of NFE Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 (Apr/May) (June) (July) Agriculture 1.4 1.4 0.1 Mining 1.0 1.1 1.0 Utilities 1.5 0.4 0.5 Construction 3.4 4.1 5.5 Buying & Selling 63.7 61.7 66.3 Transport 7.0 7.0 6.3 Professional Activities 2.2 2.9 2.0 Public Administration 0.0 0.0 0.0 Personal Services 19.8 21.3 18.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 62 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.10. None/Less revenues in family business Percentage of Percentage of HHs with a HHs with a Level family family business business Usual place of business closed - coronavirus recommendations 31.9 Relation to coronavirus outbreak & related counter measures Ill/quarantined due to coronavirus 0.0 Need to take care of a family member 0.4 Potentially 81.20 No customers/ less customers 39.1 related Cant' get input 9.1 Can't travel/ transport goods for sale 0.7 Usual place of business closed for another reason 2.0 Ill with another disease 1.0 Potentially Seasonal Closure 1.5 18.80 unrelated Vacation 0.0 Other 14.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 63 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.11. Family farms & agriculture - status at R3 (July 2020) % of All Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 HH farmwork during 2019 agricultural season (all sample) 70.3 88.9 85.8 79.3 67.7 53.9 HH Farmwork during 2019 agricultural season* 69.7 80.9 87.1 82.9 64.8 54.5 HH Farmwork (land prep, planting) during 2020 agricultural season 74.2 83.5 90.5 84.4 69.7 61.6 … already farming at R2 68.2 76.1 85.3 78.3 62.8 56.2 … farming started/first reported between R2 & R3 6.1 7.4 5.1 6.1 6.9 5.4 Farm, but no farmwork so far in 2020 10.0 7.8 6.0 7.3 12.3 12.3 No HH farm 15.8 8.7 3.5 8.3 18.0 26.0 In the case of GHS Wave 4, the question used was ag1a "Did members of this HH cultivate any crops?" during harvest season. The sample was restricted to only the HHs that also participated on Phone Survey R3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 64 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.12. Continuity of family farming (% of all HHs, R3) Farmed in 2019* % of All 2020 agricultural season (as of R3, July) agricultural season? HHs Yes No HH Farmwork (land prep, planting) 74.2 62.2 12.1 Farm, but no farmwork so far 10.0 6.2 3.8 No HH farm 15.8 1.3 14.5 * 2019 is based on GHS Wave 4, question ag1a "Did members of this HH cultivate any crops?" during harvest season. Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 65 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.13. Characteristics of primary decisionmaker for HH crop farming activities Primary decision maker is… % of cultivating HHs HH Head & the respondent 71.5 HH Head (not the respondent) 10.7 The respondent (not HH head) 7.1 Another HH member 10.7 Sex Male 78.6 Female 21.4 Age group 15-24 years 5.5 25-39 years 29.2 40-49 years 24.3 50-64 years 28.0 65 years and above 13.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 66 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.14. Need & Accessability of farming inputs, Round 3 (July 2020) Round 3 (July) Able to access/transport sufficient quantities % HHs doing farmwork (% HHs that use or intented to use input) that used/intended to Inputs for 2020 agricultural season use input Yes No Did not try Inorganic fertilizer (NPK, Urea) 68.1 24.2 72.0 3.8 Organic fertilizer (manure, compost, etc) 67.7 64.2 33.1 2.7 Pesticide / herbicide 70.5 49.0 47.2 3.8 Hired labor 68.4 65.6 32.5 1.9 Animal traction 32.3 59.7 38.5 1.8 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 67 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.15. Lack of access to farm inputs, number of inputs % HHs that needed but could not access at least 1 input % All HHs, By (GHS-P) consumption quintiles Needed but R3 (July) All Q1 - Q2 - Q3 - Q4 - Q5 - could not access… Poorest Poorer Middle Richer Richest any of the 5 inputs 51.3 64.0 80.8 76.9 67.6 59.1 49.2 only 1 input 19.4 24.3 26.6 28.1 22.0 22.4 23.9 2 - 3 inputs 23.5 29.3 42.3 29.0 36.5 27.1 19.8 4 - 5 inputs 8.3 10.4 11.9 19.8 9.1 9.6 5.5 Lack of Accessability to Farming Inputs, 2020 Agriculture Season (% HHs that needed at least 1 input, July 2020) 90.0 80.0 11.9 70.0 19.8 60.0 9.1 9.6 50.0 42.3 5.5 40.0 29.0 36.5 27.1 19.8 30.0 20.0 26.6 28.1 22.0 22.4 23.9 10.0 0.0 Q1 - Poorest Q2 - Poorer Q3 - Middle Q4 - Richer Q5 - Richest By (GHS-P) consumption quintiles only 1 input 2 - 3 inputs 4 - 5 inputs Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 68 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.16. Reason not able to access inputs - Round 3 (July) % HHs that could not access suffcient inputs for 2020 agricultural season Not able to access or transport…. Inorganic Organic Pesticide/ fertilizer fertilizer Herbicide Shops have run out of stock 7.1 9.2 4.3 Local markets not operating/closed 0.6 1.8 1.4 Limited /no transportation 2.2 8.4 1.5 Restrictions on movement / travel 3.7 2.4 4.6 Increase in price 32.2 9.7 17.4 Not enough money to buy them 88.5 73.1 91.4 Other 6.8 17.4 4.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 69 Section 4 - Nonfarm Business Agriculture Table 4.17. Reason not able to access inputs - Round 3 (July) % HHs that could not access/transport suffcient inputs for 2020 agricultural season Not able to access Not able to hire or transport enough labor animal traction Decided not to hire to avoid coronavirus 0.7 1.0 Higher cost of labor/ animal traction 35.9 36.5 Workers are afraid of contracting coronavirus 55.6 3.4 Movement restrictions in country/community 0.0 5.5 Not enough money to hire any 2.9 69.4 Other 44.3 3.5 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 70 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Table 5.1 SAFETY NETS since coronavirus pandemic (% of HHs) Round 1 Round 3, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Types of assistance received by HH, Round 2 Round 3 All Rounds, (Apr/May) any institution (since round 1) (since R2) any support* Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (since outbreak) Food 12.3 13.3 5.6 23.0 3.6 2.9 3.7 7.3 7.2 Direct cash transfers 2.2 1.8 1.7 4.9 Average cash transfer amount (in Naira) 13,591 19,961 14,940 17,055 Other in-kind (not food) transfers 0.8 1.3 1.9 3.6 * Weighted using Round 1 weights Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 71 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Table 5.2 Food Assistance by source, since coronavirus pandemic (% of HHs) Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 All Rounds, All rounds, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Source of food assistance (since outbreak) (since baseline) (since R2) any support* Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 All sources (% of HHs) 12.3 13.3 5.6 23.0 12.5 15.2 19.7 24.7 30.6 Government (federal, state, or local) 50.2 42.9 37.6 49.0 72.4 57.4 49.4 39.0 49.3 Local group (community org/cooperative & NGOs) 10.5 16.4 12.9 15.8 10.6 28.3 27.5 8.4 14.1 International organzation 0.0 2.6 2.2 15.7 11.5 20.8 7.0 22.4 14.4 Religious bodies 26.0 25.5 28.4 17.9 1.9 12.4 12.7 11.6 26.8 Other 13.2 16.3 22.5 16.9 23.4 10.1 17.1 29.1 10.5 * Weighted using Round 1 weights Round 1 only asked about main source while the other rounds allow respondents to select all the ones that apply Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 72 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Table 5.3 Difficulties accessing food assistance % of HHs received Food Assistance % of all HHs since previous round R2, % HHs receiving food assistance 13.3 3.3 No difficulties accessing it 84.7 77.9 Difficulties accessing it 15.3 22.1 R3, % HHs receiving food assistance 5.6 2.6 No difficulties accessing it 85.0 78.5 Difficulties accessing it 15.0 21.5 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 73 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Table 5.4 Other Income sources - % of HHs Round 1 - Apr/May Round 2 - June Round 3 - July Source of livelihood (past 12 months) (since R1) (since R2) Remittances from abroad 3.4 3.6 1.1 Remittances from family within the country 21.8 17.2 11.9 Assistance from other non-family individuals 21.6 25.9 20.7 Income from properties, investments, savings 14.4 16.8 19.2 Pension 4.1 4.0 4.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 74 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Figure 5.1. Safety Nets and Livelihood Sources Apr/May June July Food 12.3 13.3 5.6 Safety nets Direct cash transfers 2.2 1.8 1.7 Other in-kind (not food) transfers 0.8 1.3 1.9 Remittances from abroad 3.4 3.6 1.1 Remittances from family within the country 21.8 17.2 11.9 Livelihood Assistance from other individuals 21.6 25.9 20.7 sources Income from savings, properties, investments 14.4 16.8 19.2 Pension 4.1 4.0 4.0 Safety Nets and Livelihood Sources (% of households) 12.3 Food 13.3 5.6 Safety nets 2.2 Direct cash transfers 1.8 1.7 0.8 Other in-kind (not food) transfers 1.3 1.9 3.4 Remittances from abroad 3.6 1.1 21.8 Livelihood sources Remittances from family within the country 17.2 11.9 21.6 Assistance from other individuals 25.9 20.7 14.4 Income from savings, properties, investments 16.8 19.2 4.1 Pension 4.0 4.0 Apr/May June July Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 75 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Table 5.5. Number of shocks per HH, % of HHs All HHs R3, by (GHS) consumption quintiles HH experienced: Round 1 Round 3 (Apr/May) (July) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 since mid-March since R1 No shocks 6.6 4.5 3.6 1.5 2.0 3.9 7.8 1 shock 25.4 16.2 13.7 7.9 11.7 19.2 20.8 2 - 3 shocks 40.1 52.8 57.0 59.2 57.0 50.3 48.1 4 - 5 shocks 19.9 20.3 19.6 25.6 19.2 22.0 17.7 6 - 9 shocks 8.1 6.2 5.9 5.8 10.0 4.5 5.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 76 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Figure 5.2 Average number of shocks per HH, by GHS consumption quintiles Round 1 Between (Apr/May) Round 3 (July) Jan 2017 & Jan since mid-March since Round 1 2019* 2020 All HHs 0.8 2.6 2.7 Q1 (poorest) 0.9 2.4 2.7 Average number of Q2 0.9 2.9 2.9 shocks per HH Q3 0.8 2.9 3.0 Q4 0.8 2.5 2.6 Q5 (richest) 0.8 2.5 2.5 *From post-harvest visit of the GHS-Panel survey, n=4,976 households. Average Number of schocks per HH, by GHS consumption quintiles 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 All HHs Q1 (poorest) Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (richest) Between Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 3 (July) Jan 2017 & Jan 2019* since mid-March 2020 since Round 1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 77 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Table 5.6. Types of shocks, since mid-March % of HHs with shocks between R1 & R3, % of HHs with shocks by (GHS) consumption quintiles HHs were asked about the following shocks: Between Between Between mid- Jan 2017 & Apr/May to Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 March to Apr/May Jan 2019* July Illness, injury, or death of income earning HH member 9.3 13.3 17.1 14.1 15.9 20.4 20.6 14.5 Job loss 2.1 15.9 14.6 14.4 15.3 18.5 13.5 13.1 Nonfarm business closure 3.9 36.4 32.7 33.8 31.4 34.2 30.9 33.3 Theft/looting of cash and other property 6.6 11.7 12.0 14.6 15.3 14.7 10.8 9.0 Disruption of farming, livestock, fishing activities 14.4 29.4 21.9 22.5 27.1 23.9 23.2 17.6 Increase in price of farming/business inputs 6.8 45.7 65.0 75.6 78.3 72.3 59.8 55.1 Fall in the price of farming/business output 2.3 21.5 15.8 7.1 11.7 20.1 15.9 18.3 Increase in price of major food items consumed 18.5 85.3 89.8 90.7 95.0 91.9 87.8 87.4 Other (specify) 2.7 1.3 0.0 0.6 1.3 1.6 1.8 *From post-harvest visit of the GHS-Panel survey, n=4,976 households. Experience of Shocks (% of all households) 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Illness, injury, or Job loss Nonfarm business Theft/looting of cash Disruption of Increase in price of Fall in the price of Increase in price of death of income closure and other property farming, livestock, farming/business farming/business major food items earning HH member fishing activities inputs output consumed Between Between mid-March to Apr/May Between Apr/May to July Jan 2017 & Jan 2019* Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 78 Section 5 - Socks, Livelihoods, Safety Nets Table 5.7 Coping mechanisms for shocks, since April/May (% of HHs with shock by round) Between mid-March Between Apr/May to Apr/May to July Reduced food consumption 54.3 69.4 Relied on savings 31.1 29.0 Reduced non-food consumption 22.9 15.4 Received assistance from friends & family 16.0 14.3 Borrowed from friends & family 13.6 13.0 Engaged in additional income-generating activity 11.4 32.6 Sold harvest in advance 7.8 5.7 Credited purchases 7.2 10.1 Sale of (agriculture/non-agric) assets 4.9 11.7 Did other 31.9 30.8 Did nothing 35.2 36.0 Coping Mechanisms for Shocks (% of HHs with shocks by round) Reduced food consumption 54.3 69.4 Relied on savings 31.1 29.0 Reduced non-food consumption 22.9 15.4 Received assistance from friends & family 16.0 14.3 Borrowed from friends & family 13.6 13.0 Engaged in additional income-generating activity 11.4 32.6 Sold harvest in advance 7.8 5.7 Credited purchases 7.2 10.1 Sale of (agriculture/non-agric) assets 4.9 11.7 Did other 31.9 30.8 Did nothing 35.2 36.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 Between mid-March to Apr/May Between Apr/May to July Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 3- July 2020 79