City Profiles Milan, Italy Climate Resilient Cities 47802 A Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters I/ CIty DesCrIptIon The municipality of Milan has about 1,305,000 inhabitants, of which less than 8 percent live downtown. It is the second largest city in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The Milan metropolitan area, depending on the specific definition, has a population ranging from 3.9 to 7.4 million.1 The metropolitan district of Milan is located in the Lowland Padana in the west- central area, inclusive of the rivers Ticino and Adda, among the river Po and the first reliefs prealpini. With a surface of around 181 square kilometers, it is positioned 122 meters above sea level. The Olona River, the Lambro River, and the Seveso Creek run through Milan: Olona and Seveso run mostly underground. An industrial, financial, and cultural center, Milan is an important city in the Region and Province. The city hosted the World Exposition in 1906 and will host the Univer- sal Exposition in 2015. II/ prIorIty HazarDs/VulnerabIlItIes In past decades, Milan has had mainly atmospheric emissions problems, such as non- compliance with limits and traffic pollutants that are too high. For this reason, the city has focused mainly on mitigation policies rather than on adaptation. The city started working on monitoring, accounting, and reporting pollutants during Milan plans to cut the past decades. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Municipality of Milan in 2005 amounted to 5,803.47 kilotons of carbon dioxide (CO2). This represents the greenhouse gas emissions sum of carbon dioxide equivalent tons of emissions from various sectors, such as ag- riculture, transport and mechanical sources, industrial and nonindustrial combustion, (GHG) 15 percent by fuel extraction and distribution, manufacturing, power generation and transformation, road transport, waste treatment, and solvents. 2012 and 20 percent The principal sources of emissions are the following: by 2020. n Domestic energy use, 54.4 percent; n Transport, 28.7 percent; and n Industry, 7.8 percent. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery City Profiles III/ MItIgatIon Measures policies and programs for Milan. The Municipality of Milan is promoting its own Climate Program specifically Milan is committed to drastically reducing its emissions; for Expo 2015. The Milan Climate Program includes a using the year 2000 as a reference point, it plans to cut series of goals and actions that will be staged in three emissions 15 percent by 2012 and 20 percent by 2020. phases: experimentation, systematization, and offsetting. Milan's climate program focuses on cutting emissions Milan not only intends to reduce emissions generated from residential energy use and transport, yet it is also during the preparation, staging, and aftermath of the based on a programmatic approach that takes into ac- event, adopting mechanisms to offset these, but also to count all the factors of producing, collecting, and absorb- propose new mechanisms and experimental projects to ing emissions. Milan's strategy on carbon dioxide forms generate emission credits, attract ideas, and export the parts of a framework of measures designed to deliver an best technologies or sound practices and skills to other organic and programmed reduction of greenhouse gases, countries. directed at the principal sources of emissions: household energy use and the transport sector. The Municipality of Milan is promoting new initiatives compatible with the Kyoto Protocol (Joint Implemen- tation and Clean Development Mechanism­CDM­ schemes) to design and test genuine applications to be Greenhouse gas emissions in the shared and implemented jointly with other European cities and developing countries. The experimental pro- Municipality of Milan in 2005 posals of the Municipality of Milan go beyond the Kyoto Protocol, while maintaining the approach, time horizon, amounted to 5,803.47 kilotons of scale of commitment, and voluntary nature of the Euro- pean Union scheme. carbon dioxide (CO2). Through Expo 2015, "Milan will act as a reliable partner Measures by the Civil and Housing Section are aimed at and a forward looking protagonist of international co- reaching the European Commission Energy Efficiency operation in the struggle to combat climate change and Green Paper's target of a 20 percent reduction in prime desertification. A protagonist capable of realizing proj- energy consumption by 2020. The Municipality of Mi- ects directly and of informing and educating people here lan's Plan on Energy and the Environment aims to reach and in their own countries to develop these projects and this goal through the redevelopment of existing housing establish a model and guidelines for new projects that and the promotion of more rational energy use by the comply with the Kyoto protocol."3 To this extent, Milan general public. The Plan further lays down a target for just signed a memorandum of understanding with the the development and promotion of renewable and alter- World Bank aimed at developing an innovative partner- native energies within the public sector, both by the city ing program with developing countries. Milan will share and the public utilities under its control. Milan's goals are knowledge, transfer clean technology (mostly through actually more ambitious than the current legislation re- the companies and utilities active in the city and owned quires.2 The Mobility and Transport Section's activities or partially owned by the Municipality), and build new are also closely aligned with the overall strategy on car- projects and programmatic CDM. The credits (CER-- bon dioxide, each individual measure being assessed in Certified Emissions Reduction and Verified Emissions terms of its contribution to the Municipality of Milan's Reduction) generated from emissions reductions will GHG targets. help offset the Expo 2015 CO2emissions. Expo 2015 The Ecopass Project Expo 2015 is characterized by a profound concern for cli- The Municipality of Milan designed a pollution and con- mate issues broadly and is driving a variety of innovative gestion charge. Ecopass came into effect on January 2, 2 Milan, Italy 2008. It is designed to restrict access to the central Cerchia of civil society to participate in the development of ac- dei Bastioni area of Milan by charging the vehicles that tion plans, an annual accounting and reporting on GHG pollute most heavily. emissions, and experience and knowledge sharing with the developing world and other territories. Ecopass Project4 aims to: n Make the air cleaner by reducing particulate mat- ter emissions in the Cerchia dei Bastioni by 30 IV/ outCoMe/IMpaCts percent, with a positive impact on the surround- ing areas of the city as well; The most important outcome Milan wishes to reach n Relieve congestion by reducing the number of in- through its Climate Change Action Plan is GHG coming cars by 10 percent and thereby speeding emissions reduction. The city is focusing on mitigation up public transport in the area; and activities, but is also building new partnerships and new n Boost public transport by reinvesting all Ecopass programs (also through the World Bank) with developing charges in sustainable traffic and a sustainable countries; Milan is also open to adaptation programs. environment. notes Ecopass is meant to improve mobility and safeguard This "City Profile" is part of Climate Resilient Cities: A both public health and the environment. City officials Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters, published by the believe that Ecopass will help to heighten awareness of World Bank. The analysis presented here is based on data the effects of human behavior on the environment and available at the time of writing. For the latest information to build a more eco-friendly city for its citizens. related to the Primer and associated materials, including the City Profiles, please visit www.worldbank.org/eap/ Network and Commitments climatecities. Suggestions for updating these profiles may The Municipality of Milan is part of ICLEI (Local be sent to climatecities@worldbank.org. Governments for Sustainability), Slim Cities, Eurocities, 1 Municipal statistical data, 2008, available from the web the Clinton Climate Initiative, and other networks. It is site www.comune.milano.it. one of the most active partners in the EU Covenant of 2 Law 311/06 and regional energy rules. Mayors. In the latter, the mayors commit themselves to 3 Expo bid documentation, Chapter 16, available from several important targets on climate change. Among the the web site www.comune.milano.it. commitments are emission reductions beyond the objec- 4 Ecopass Project documentation, available at www. tives set by the European Union for 2020 (reduction by comune.milano.it. 20 percent), adaptation of city structures, mobilization © 2009 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. 3 City Profiles Sustainable Development East Asia and Pacific Region 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Facsimile: 202 477 6391 Web Site: www.worldbank.org/eapsd and www.worldbank.org/eapurban 4