The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) Concept Environmental and Social Review Summary Concept Stage (ESRS Concept Stage) Public Disclosure Date Prepared/Updated: 08/02/2019 | Report No: ESRSC00742 Aug 02, 2019 Page 1 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Region Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Haiti LATIN AMERICA AND P170907 CARIBBEAN Project Name Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Transport Investment Project 11/19/2019 1/15/2020 Financing Borrower(s) Implementing Agency(ies) AAN, OFNAC UCE of MTPTC Proposed Development Objective(s) The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve Haiti’s air transport safety in compliance with international Public Disclosure and regional standards, increase air transport efficiency, and enhance resilience of airport infrastructure to natural disasters. Financing (in USD Million) Amount Total Project Cost 45.00 B. Is the project being prepared in a Situation of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints, as per Bank IPF Policy, para. 12? No C. Summary Description of Proposed Project [including overview of Country, Sectoral & Institutional Contexts and Relationship to CPF] The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve Haiti’s air transport safety in compliance with international and regional standards, increase air transport efficiency, and enhance resilience of airport infrastructure to natural disasters. The proposed Project would comprise four components: Component 1– Improvement of aircraft operations safety; Component 2 – Elimination of key airfield infrastructure deficiencies at PAP ; Component 3 – Contingent Emergency Response; and Component 4 – Project Management and Implementation Support & TA. The Project cost is estimated at US$30 million. Aug 02, 2019 Page 2 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) D. Environmental and Social Overview D.1. Project location(s) and salient characteristics relevant to the ES assessment [geographic, environmental, social] Port-au-Prince is Haiti’s capital and Cap-Haitien is the second largest city. They are the country’s two most populated cities. Both have densely populated urban areas and peri-urban zones with high degree of informal settlements. The high population density coupled with weak social and economic public infrastructure and unstable governance aggravates the extensive social vulnerability, including a history of forced displacement and evictions. The two cities are also extremely vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. Cap Haitien has a high risk of flood and Port-au- Prince was devastated by an earthquake in January 2010. As it pertains to Port-au-Prince, the proposed project aims at constructing a new taxiway, paved runway strip and Runway End Safety Area at the Toussaint Louverture International Airport to enhance the fluidity and safety of the air traffic. As it pertains to Cap Haitien, the proposed project aims at installing a new Air Traffic Control Tower at the airport. The current tower is meant to be a temporary one, and it is insufficiently tall to provide a full line of sight to both runway-ends, as required by the International Civil Aviation Organization. At this stage, project activities are not expected to cause displacement or relocation of individuals or households, since works are meant to be implemented within the boundaries of two existing international airports – which are public lands and free of encroachments. D. 2. Borrower’s Institutional Capacity The project implementation unit (PIU) - the Ministry of Public Works, MTPTC-UCE – is capable of preparing and supervising the environmental and social impacts. The PIU, whose team comprises both environmental and social specialists, has experience garnered through implementing six World Bank projects. The team has been repeatedly trained over the years on the Bank's Operational Policies. While the PIU staff attended the Environmental and Social Public Disclosure Framework (ESF) client training in June 2018 and was reminded of the ESF requirements during February and April missions, this will be one of the first ESF projects they will implement. Beyond being new to ESF implementation, a potential risk is that the environmental and social specialists are currently working on multiple other World Bank- financed projects with already heavy work loads. As such, implementing this project effectively may require additional support, including potentially hiring extra staff by the PIU, time and intensive technical support. II. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL (ES) RISKS AND IMPACTS A. Environmental and Social Risk Classification (ESRC) Moderate Environmental Risk Rating Moderate Based on the nature and scale of the proposed project activities, potential adverse environmental impacts are unlikely to be significant. Project activities are expected to be site-specific (occurring uniquely within the current demarcations of both airports), limited in number, likely reversible in nature, and can be mitigated with measures that are readily identifiable and technically and economically feasible. Minimal impact to areas outside the airport perimeter is foreseen. Nonetheless, infrastructure development around high-value assets and the need to ensure adequate environmental management (including occupational health and safety) of construction activities and debris collection and disposal entails moderate risk, given the project context. With regard to PIU capacity to manage environmental risk, there is currently good technical knowledge and capacity albeit dedicated to numerous ongoing operations. At the same time, given the sophisticated nature of investments and the need to align with international Aug 02, 2019 Page 3 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) good practices in aviation, additional support may be required to ensure that potential adverse environmental impacts are mitigated to the fullest. Social Risk Rating Moderate Based on the nature and scale of the proposed project activities, potential adverse social impacts appear unlikely to be significant. Anticipated public works include construction of i) a new taxiway, a paved runway strip and runway safety area at the Port-au-Prince airport; and ii) a new air traffic control tower at the Cap Haitien airport. Based on the current information, no land acquisition is anticipated as activities are to be carried out in the airports’ perimeters on existing land under authority of the AAN. The social risks involve the following : i) The Port-au-Prince airport, particularly, is surrounded by a densely populated urban area and the existing heavy traffic, and poor road regulation and safety may be exacerbated by construction vehicles– creating community health and safety risks. ii) The increase in dust and noise pollution from the construction and the related labor influx of workers may also negatively impact communities living and working near the project areas. iii) There are risks related to community support as the proposed interventions may be perceived as only benefiting particular groups and may not be considered a priority by certain segments of the population. A strong stakeholder engagement plan and feedback mechanisms deployed throughout the project will be an important factor to help mitigate this risk. iv) The PIU seems aware of the social risks and willing to undertake the necessary steps to preempt and manage them. However, the pressed timeline of the project and capacity of the PIU to prepare and implement the project according to the ESF, coupled with the fragile status of the governance structures and security challenges can result in long delays in project preparation and implementation. This risk will be mitigated with on-going technical assistance and building in flexibility as much as possibility to adapt to FCV related challenges. The risk mitigation measures and specific actions will be set out in the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) and the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), which will be ready Public Disclosure by appraisal. B. Environment and Social Standards (ESSs) that Apply to the Activities Being Considered B.1. General Assessment ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Overview of the relevance of the Standard for the Project: This standard is relevant. While the project activities are expected to contribute to positive environmental and social outcomes - enhancing disaster resilience, increasing aviation safety, enhancing connectivity for civilian and humanitarian purposes, and reducing localized environmental pollution - a number of environmental and social risks are nonetheless likely to arise. Those potential environmental and social risks and impacts relate to i) waste management of construction debris, ii) occupational health and safety, iii) localized noise and dust pollution impacting adjacent lands and communities during construction; iv) community health and safety risks arising from increased construction-related traffic; and v) labor influx from high- or low-skilled workers in the project areas. The client will go through the process of assessing the environmental and social risks and impacts arising from the project activities and propose targeted mitigation measures, which will be outlined in the Stakeholder Engagement Plan and the site-specific Environment and Social Management Plans (ESMP). The two ESMPs will consider technical inputs related to climate and disaster risk screening, greenhouse gas accounting, and other relevant studies and will consider both the WBG Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) general guidelines and sector-specific (airports and aviation) guidelines. They will present standard mitigation procedures, and where necessary, will draw on international good practices and expertise in the aviation sector. The ESCP will include the mitigation measures' Aug 02, 2019 Page 4 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) implementation timeline and other requirements, such as preparation of additional safeguards documents, should the risk assessment so require. In addition the risk assessment and management instruments will ensure strong provisions for any supplemental supervision and potential third-party supervision given UCE capacity, as mentioned above. During preparation, provisions and measures to manage E&S requirements for the Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC) (should it be triggered) will be more fully outlined and presented in the Appraisal ESRS. Areas where “Use of Borrower Framework” is being considered: None ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure This standard is relevant. The project is responding to technical requirements by airport operators and users, who will be direct project beneficiaries. Stakeholders will likely include, among others, the Ministry of Public Works, the National Airport Authority (AAN), the National Office for Civil Aviation (Ofnac), airline companies, air traffic controllers, local governments in Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haitien, representatives of residents of communities surrounding the two airports, local Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), and the media. Given the highly technical nature of the works, the project will likely provide limited opportunities for participatory decision-making by a broader set of stakeholders during design and implementation, however information-sharing and consultations will be emphasized. MTPTC-UCE will carry out meaningful consultations throughout the project life cycle with relevant stakeholders. A proper stakeholder mapping will be undertaken early in the process of preparing the SEP that is based on an assessment on the differentiated impacts and risks of the projects on different stakeholders. Given the limited potential for participatory decision making in particular by surrounding communities, the SEP will have to put Public Disclosure a strong emphasis on managing expectations by clearly and effectively communicating the project’s benefits potential impacts and their mitigation. The first set of consultations will be carried out in July 2019 and will focus on key design issues, stakeholder opinions about the proposed interventions as well as a discussion on the broader environmental and social risks and impacts of the project. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will also be prepared by appraisal and included in the SEP. The main characteristics of the GRM will include i) accessibility for beneficiaries and stakeholders respecting their socio-economic requirements and needs, including the availability of GRM information in Haitian Creole and accessibility to women; ii) known procedures and timeline for assessing, resolving and reporting on claims. The mechanism will be supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as appropriate. The specific Grievance Redress Mechanism for project workers required under ESS2—Labor & Working Conditions—will be prepared separately and included in the Labor Management Plan (LMP). The GRM will build on existing mechanisms that have been developed for other Bank-funded projects, in particular the GRM system used under the Municipal Development and Urban Resilience Project, implemented by the same PIU. B.2. Specific Risks and Impacts A brief description of the potential environmental and social risks and impacts relevant to the Project. ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions This standard is relevant. As substantial public works will be financed by the project, the environmental and social assessment process will include an analysis of (i) labor and working conditions (LWC) and (ii) of occupational health and safety (OHS). LWC analysis will include potential issues related to child and forced labor or lack of equal Aug 02, 2019 Page 5 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) opportunities for female employees. With regard to OHS, in order to ensure health and safety of workers during the construction and operational phases of the project, the PIU will develop and implement a Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) plan in line with World Bank Group Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines for construction activities. The plan will include procedures on incident investigation and reporting, recording and reporting of non-conformance, emergency preparedness and response procedures, and continuous training and awareness raising for workers, and will be included in site-specific ESMPs. To manage workers in accordance with the requirements of ESS2, MTPTC-UCE will develop Labor Management Procedures (LMP), keeping in mind the following groups: (i) direct workers; (ii) contracted workers; (iii) primary supply workers; and (iv) community workers under subprojects. (It is not currently known if and/or in what capacity community workers may be engaged; special provisions relating to this group of workers will be considered and addressed in the LMP and in the Appraisal stage ESRS). Certain ESS2 provisions (paras. 17-20 and 24-30) are applicable to the government civil servants that may be involved in the project implementation and oversight. Civil servants working in connection with the project full-time or part-time will remain subject to the terms and conditions of their existing public sector employment or agreement unless there has been an effective legal transfer of their employment or engagement in the project. The LMP will define measures to avoid discrimination and grant equal opportunities. A GRM will be available for all direct and contracted workers on all project-related matters, including terms and conditions of employment; non-discrimination and equal opportunity; workers’ organizations; child labor; forced labor; occupational health and safety, harassment and other behavioral complaints. The number of eventual workers is currently unknown. Given the high technical standards required for the expected civil works, opportunities for hiring local unskilled labor will be limited and large part of the workforce may not be local - leading to labor influx. Labor camps are not anticipated. However, experience suggests that housing options close to the airports may be limited or the quality may not meet World Public Disclosure Bank standards, given the high levels of informality in the construction of buildings around the airports. Further arrangements may be needed in the adjacent municipalities particularly for non-local workers. Site-specific ESMPs will confirm if there will be onsite accommodation for workers, and ESMPs and bidding documents will include the standards of accommodation for workers. In addition to the LMP, the ESMPs will include labor-related clauses and preventive health measures. The ESMPs will be a required part of all contracts and will include industry standard Codes of Conduct that contain measures to prevent gender-based violence (GBV). As part of the planned institutional capacity assessment, the PIUs capacity to manage labor, working conditions and community health and safety will be assessed. ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management This standard is relevant. The E SMPs will include an assessment of how resources will be managed efficiently to minimize waste generation, and will present a waste management plan to deal with construction debris and hazardous or non-hazardous materials that may need to be disposed of, as well as assessing the potential for the disposal of any legacy pollution in the project intervention area. Project interventions to reduce aircraft taxiing and queuing times will contribute to GHG mitigation and improve local air quality, and the precise contribution in terms of GHG reduction will be outlined following further technical analysis. In addition, the potential for energy efficient lighting (LED) will be considered in site-specific ESMPs based on technical standards approved by ICAO. ESS4 Community Health and Safety Aug 02, 2019 Page 6 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) This standard is relevant. The project is financing primarily civil works. The project area is confined to the existing and secured perimeters of the two airports, however the airports are located in dense urban settlements with heavy traffic and street activity. The main projected Community Health and Safety-related impacts and risks include (i) increased risk of traffic hazards and incidents associated with presence of trucks and other heavy machinery moving in and out of the airport, and ingress and egress of heavy goods vehicles carrying construction materials and debris; (ii) blocking or diversion of traffic to potentially less accessible routes in terms of mobility; (iii) exposure to hazardous materials and possible health risks associated with inappropriate storage/use of chemicals; (iv) exposure to dust emission and noise pollution; (v) health risks linked to inappropriate disposal of waste; and (vi) risks associated with property theft especially at night when construction equipment is stored. Mitigation measures should be taken to reduce impacts on communities to acceptable levels; a determination of whether community emergency response procedures are necessary should be made, and measures to prevent disease and exposure to toxic materials should be implemented. Where economically and technically feasible and in line with applicable established international standards in the aviation sector (e.g., International Civil Aviation Organization), project design will ensure universal accessibility to all improved infrastructure. The ESMPs should stipulate that equipment and vehicles should be stored in secured sites inside the airports’ perimeter at night to ensure both community and workers’ safety. The use of security personnel during civil works will be considered in the site-specific ESMPs in this regard, as needed. Although not foreseen as a significant risk for this project, the presence of workers may lead to adverse social impacts such as sexual exploitation and/or GBV. The project should follow the Global GBV Task Force Report’s recommendation and enhance contractual obligations requiring contractors to have sexual harassment prevention policies and Codes of Conduct for workers, which should also be required by the procurement bidding documents. Public Disclosure ESS5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement This standard is not relevant based on the existing information. Project activities are only planned within the existing perimeter of the airports, so no risks and impacts are identified in terms of land acquisition, physical or economic resettlement, and no Resettlement Policy Framework is currently needed. The status of the airports’ land will be verified, and the ESMPs will include an environment and social screening process that will also cover ESS5-related risks. ESS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources This standard is relevant. Project interventions will not increase the risk of wildlife strikes at either site. Nonetheless, initial consultations with airport authorities at both sites indicate that wildlife strikes and wildlife runway incursions currently pose an operational safety risk and that project-financed activities to reduce this risk would be welcomed. Potential project interventions will be assessed during project preparation and any activities related to wildlife control will take into account the local context and international best practice in the aviation sector. In addition, technical designs for interventions in Cap Haitien will consider land directly adjacent to the airport, including wetlands and watersheds that increase the risk of seasonal flooding in the immediate vicinity. The site-specific ESMP will outline any measures to ensure operational safety of the airport while maintaining environmental integrity in the area. Detailed analyses will be presented in the relevant E&S instruments as set out in Section III (B) below. ESS7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities Aug 02, 2019 Page 7 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) This standard is not relevant. There are no Indigenous Peoples in Haiti that fulfill the four characteristics indicated under ESS7. ESS8 Cultural Heritage This standard is not currently relevant. As a port city with a rich heritage dating back to before Haiti’s independence, Cap Haitien’s history and heritage is representative of Haiti’s national identity. Given the spatially confined scope of the project’s activities in Cap Haitien, this standard is not considered relevant at this time. Chance Find procedures will be set out in the ESMP for Cap Haitien and included in the contracts for physical works. ESS9 Financial Intermediaries This standard is not relevant. No financial intermediaries are involved in the project. B.3 Other Relevant Project Risks None C. Legal Operational Policies that Apply OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways No Public Disclosure OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas No III. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DUE DILIGENCE A. Is a common approach being considered? No Financing Partners None B. Proposed Measures, Actions and Timing (Borrower’s commitments) Actions to be completed prior to Bank Board Approval: SEP, ESCP, LMP and possibly site-specific ESMPs if the technical designs of the works are completed in a timely manner. The task team is currently discussing with the PIU the timeline and approach to complete these documents in line with the provisions set out in the ESF, including whether to rely on independent consultants hired by the PIU or for the PIU to engage an independent consultancy firm. Terms of Reference for each instrument will be finalized by end of June 2019. Possible issues to be addressed in the Borrower Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP): The ESCP will likely address, at a minimum, commitments related to the following: Aug 02, 2019 Page 8 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) • Preparation and implementation of all ESMPs, incorporating appropriate measures into all civil works contracts prior to initiation of corresponding works at any project site • Preparation and implementation of Labor Management Procedures • Preparation and implementation of Health and Safety Procedures for both workers and for the affected communities • Finalization and implementation of Stakeholder Engagement Plan • Detailed design and implementation of all additional social and environmental programs and activities C. Timing Tentative target date for preparing the Appraisal Stage ESRS 04-Oct-2019 IV. CONTACT POINTS World Bank Contact: Satoshi Ogita Title: Senior Transport Specialist Telephone No: 458-7332 Email: sogita@worldbank.org Contact: Malaika Becoulet Title: Transport Specialist Public Disclosure Telephone No: 5727+2214 / Email: mbecoulet@worldbank.org Borrower/Client/Recipient Borrower: AAN Borrower: OFNAC Implementing Agency(ies) Implementing Agency: UCE of MTPTC V. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects VI. APPROVAL Task Team Leader(s): Satoshi Ogita, Malaika Becoulet Aug 02, 2019 Page 9 of 10 The World Bank Caribbean Regional Air Transport Connectivity Project - Haiti (P170907) Practice Manager (ENR/Social) Valerie Hickey Recommended on 31-Jul-2019 at 13:49:39 EDT Safeguards Advisor ESSA Noreen Beg (SAESSA) Cleared on 02-Aug-2019 at 11:52:40 EDT Public Disclosure Aug 02, 2019 Page 10 of 10