79343 MACRO-FISCAL CONTEXT AND HEALTH FINANCING FACT SHEETS AFRICA How Much Can a Country Spend on Health? Health Financing Revenue Composition Fiscal Context Macroeconomic Environment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS These factsheets are produced by a task team consisting of Rafael Cortez (Task Team Leader, Sr. Economist, HDNHE), Aakanksha Pande (Young Professional, Health Specialist, MNSHH), Patrick Eozenou (Young Professional, Economist, HDNHE), Adam Leive (Consultant), Marc Smitz (Consultant), and Ece Ozcelik (Consultant), under the overall supervision of Armin Fidler (Acting Sector Manager, HDNHE) and Nicole Klingen (Acting Director, HDNHE). The task team is grateful for inputs from Jack Langenbrunner, Ajay Tandon, Robert Gilingham, George Schieber, Edit Velenyi, and Cheryl Cashin. The financial contribution of the Rockefeller Foundation Trust Fund is gratefully acknowledged. ABOUT THE MACRO-FISCAL CONTEXT AND HEALTH FINANCING FACT SHEETS Health Financing Indicators Health Total Health Expenditure (THE as % GDP) Financing Government Health Spending (GHE as %THE) Government Health Spending (GHE as %GGS) Out of Pocket Spending (OOP as % THE) Sources of Revenue Sources of Revenue Taxes on Income, Profits and Capital Gains (% GDP) Other Taxes (as % of GDP) Fiscal Context Non-Tax revenue (as % of GDP) Fiscal Context Macroeconomic Gross Debt (as % of GDP) Context Deficit (as % of GDP) Spending (as % of GDP) Revenues (as % of GDP) Macroeconomic Indicators Growth (GDP Constant Prices) Inflation (end of period consumer prices) Unemployment (Rate) What are the factsheets? How much can a country spend on health? To answer this question it is important to understand the macro fiscal constraints under which a country operates. The Macro Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheets were created to provide quickly digestible information about   a   given   country’s   fiscal   health   trends   over   time   and   benchmark   the   country   against   its   income group or regional peers. What is in the factsheets? The factsheets use graphical representations of 14 key indicators linked to the larger macro fiscal environment in which a health system operates. The definition of each indicator as well as a guide for interpreting them in the context of fiscal space for health is provided in all factsheets. What is the availability of the factsheets? The factsheets are available for 188 countries covering a period from 1995-2010. Where is the data from? The data used in the factsheets is from the World Development Indicators (World Bank); Word Economic Outlook (IMF); and World Health Statistics (WHO) of November 2012. Gross National Income (GNI) is based on the Atlas method (current US $). How do I cite the factsheets? Pande, A, Leive A, Smitz M, Eozenou P and E Ozcelik. Macro fiscal context and health financing factsheet. World Bank: Washington DC, 2013 For inquiries, please contact: Aakanksha Pande: apande@worldbank.org, Ece Ozcelik: eozcelik@worldbank.org and Emiliana Gunawan: egunawan@worldbank.org List of Countries ANGOLA ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 BENIN ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 BOTSWANA .............................................................................................................................................. 3 BURKINA FASO ....................................................................................................................................... 4 BURUNDI................................................................................................................................................... 5 CAMEROON .............................................................................................................................................. 6 CAPE VERDE............................................................................................................................................. 7 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC........................................................................................................... 8 CHAD .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 COMOROS ............................................................................................................................................... 10 CONGO (DRC) ........................................................................................................................................ 11 CONGO (REP. OF) ................................................................................................................................ 12 CÔTE D'IVOIRE...................................................................................................................................... 13 EQUATORIAL GUINEA ........................................................................................................................ 14 ERITREA .................................................................................................................................................. 15 ETHIOPIA ................................................................................................................................................ 16 GABON ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 GAMBIA (THE ) ..................................................................................................................................... 18 GHANA ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 GUINEA .................................................................................................................................................... 20 GUINEA-BISSAU .................................................................................................................................... 21 KENYA ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 LESOTHO................................................................................................................................................. 23 LIBERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 24 MADAGASCAR ....................................................................................................................................... 25 MALAWI .................................................................................................................................................. 26 MALI ......................................................................................................................................................... 27 MAURITANIA ......................................................................................................................................... 28 MAURITIUS ............................................................................................................................................ 29 MOZAMBIQUE ....................................................................................................................................... 30 NAMIBIA.................................................................................................................................................. 31 NIGER ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 NIGERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 33 RWANDA ................................................................................................................................................. 34 SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE................................................................................................................. 35 SENEGAL ................................................................................................................................................. 36 SEYCHELLES .......................................................................................................................................... 37 SIERRA LEONE ...................................................................................................................................... 38 SOMALIA................................................................................................................................................. 39 SOUTH AFRICA ..................................................................................................................................... 40 SUDAN ..................................................................................................................................................... 41 SWAZILAND........................................................................................................................................... 42 TANZANIA .............................................................................................................................................. 43 TOGO........................................................................................................................................................ 44 UGANDA .................................................................................................................................................. 45 ZAMBIA ................................................................................................................................................... 46 ZIMBABWE ............................................................................................................................................ 47 Angola Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.1e+03 100 10 Population: 2.0e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 80 8 60 60 % % 6 40 % 40 4 20 20 2 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Angola [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 4000 25 10 20 3000 15 % GDP % GDP % 2000 5 10 1000 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Angola Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Angola Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 120 60 40 100 40 20 30 % GDP 80 % GDP % GDP 20 60 10 0 40 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -20 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Angola Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Angola 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Benin Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 7.8e+02 60 Population: 9.1e+06 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 55 10 40 50 % % 8 30 % 45 20 6 10 40 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Benin [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 10 5 % 5 % 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Benin 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Benin Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 25 60 40 20 50 30 % GDP 15 40 % GDP % GDP 20 10 30 10 20 5 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Benin Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2001-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 15 10 10 % GDP % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Benin 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Botswana Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 7.5e+03 20 80 Population: 2.0e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 60 15 60 40 % % 10 % 40 20 20 5 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Botswana [left] [right] Average in UMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 5 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Botswana 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in UMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Botswana Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 60 20 50 40 40 15 20 30 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 10 10 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -20 5 1995 2000 2005 2010 Botswana Year Average in UMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Botswana 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in UMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Burkina Faso Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 5.7e+02 20 60 Population: 1.7e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 55 50 15 50 40 % % 30 45 10 % 20 40 10 5 35 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Burkina Faso [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Burkina Faso 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Burkina Faso Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 50 40 4030 40 20 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 30 0 10 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -20 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Burkina Faso Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2002-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 10 10 % GDP % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Burkina Faso 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Burundi Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 2.5e+02 60 Population: 8.6e+06 14 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 50 12 40 10 40 % % 30 % 8 30 20 6 10 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Burundi [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 10 30 20 % 5 % 10 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Burundi 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Burundi Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 200 40 40 150 30 30 % GDP % GDP % GDP 100 20 20 10 50 10 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Burundi Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-1999 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 10 10 % GDP % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Burundi 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Cameroon Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.2e+03 80 Population: 2.0e+07 9 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 8 80 60 7 60 % % 6 40 % 40 5 20 20 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Cameroon [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Cameroon 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Cameroon Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 100 40 40 80 30 20 % GDP 60 % GDP % GDP 20 0 40 10 -20 20 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -40 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Cameroon Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Cameroon 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Cape Verde Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 3.5e+03 Population: 5.0e+05 80 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 10 60 60 % % 8 % 40 40 6 20 20 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Cape Verde [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 20 10 15 10 % 5 % 5 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Cape Verde 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Cape Verde Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2002-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 100 95 80 90 30 % GDP 40 60 85 % GDP % GDP 20 80 20 75 10 70 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Cape Verde Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2005-2009 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 20 10 15 % GDP % GDP 5 10 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 5 Cape Verde 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Central African Republic Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.7e+02 70 Population: 4.5e+06 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 60 10 50 % % 8 40 % 6 40 20 4 30 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Central African Republic [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 5 % 5 % 0 -5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Central African Republic 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Central African Republic Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 120 30 40 100 20 30 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 80 10 10 60 0 0 40 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -10 1995 2000 2005 2010 Central African Republic Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2004-2004 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 5 10 4 % GDP % GDP 5 32 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 1 Central African Republic 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Chad Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 6.9e+02 14 80 Population: 1.2e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 12 80 60 10 60 % % 8 % 40 40 6 20 4 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Chad [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 10 20 % 5 % 10 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Chad 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Chad Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 80 30 40 20 30 60 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 10 40 10 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -10 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Chad Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Chad 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Comoros Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 7.7e+02 15 Population: 7.5e+05 70 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 60 10 60 50 % % % 40 5 40 20 30 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Comoros [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 10 5 % 5 % 0 -5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Comoros 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Comoros Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 120 30 40 100 20 30 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 80 10 10 60 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -10 40 1995 2000 2005 2010 Comoros Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Comoros 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Congo, Dem. Rep. Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.9e+02 80 Population: 6.8e+07 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 10 60 40 8 40 % % 30 6 % 20 20 4 10 2 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Congo, Dem. Rep. [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 2000 10 10 1500 5 % GDP % GDP % 1000 0 5 500 -5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Congo, Dem. Rep. Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Congo, Dem. Rep. Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1996-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 250 40 30 200 30 20 % GDP % GDP % GDP 150 20 10 100 10 0 50 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -10 1995 2000 2005 2010 Congo, Dem. Rep. Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1996-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 20 2015 15 % GDP % GDP 10 10 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Congo, Rep. Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 2.3e+03 70 Population: 4.1e+06 6 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 60 5 50 % % 40 4 % 40 3 20 30 2 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Congo, Rep. [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 10 20 % 10 5 % 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Congo, Rep. 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Congo, Rep. Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 60 250 40 200 40 30 % GDP 150 % GDP % GDP 20 20 100 10 0 50 0 -20 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Congo, Rep. Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2005 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 40 10 30 % GDP % GDP 20 5 10 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Congo, Rep. 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Côte d'Ivoire Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.1e+03 80 Population: 2.0e+07 7 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 6 60 60 % % 5 % 40 40 4 20 20 3 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Côte d'Ivoire [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 10 5 % 5 % 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Côte d'Ivoire 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Côte d'Ivoire Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1997-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 120 60 20 15 40 100 % GDP % GDP % GDP 10 20 80 5 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 60 1995 2000 2005 2010 Côte d'Ivoire Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2003-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 15 10 10 % GDP % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Côte d'Ivoire 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Equatorial Guinea Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.5e+04 30 80 Population: 7.2e+05 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 60 20 60 % % % 40 10 40 20 20 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Equatorial Guinea [left] [right] Average in HICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 150 15 10 100 10 % GDP % GDP % 5 50 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Equatorial Guinea Year Average in HICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Equatorial Guinea Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 150 60 60 40 100 40 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 20 50 0 0 -20 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Equatorial Guinea Year Average in HICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Equatorial Guinea 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in HICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Eritrea Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.3e+02 Population: 5.4e+06 60 5 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 50 4 20 30 40 % % % 40 3 10 30 2 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Eritrea [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 15 20 10 % 10 % 5 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Eritrea 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Eritrea Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 150 80 190 180 60 100 % GDP 170 % GDP % GDP 40 160 50 20 150 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 140 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Eritrea Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Eritrea 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Ethiopia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.0e+02 15 Population: 8.5e+07 60 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 10 50 % % 40 % 40 5 20 30 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Ethiopia [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 10 30 20 % 5 % 10 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Ethiopia 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Ethiopia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 150 30 4030 100 20 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 10 50 10 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Ethiopia Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 10 8 % GDP % GDP 6 5 4 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 2 Ethiopia 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Gabon Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 8.0e+03 70 Population: 1.5e+06 7 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 6 60 60 5 50 % % 40 4 % 40 3 20 30 2 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Gabon [left] [right] Average in UMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 10 5 % 5 % 0 -5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Gabon 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in UMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Gabon Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 100 60 50 40 40 80 20 30 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 60 10 40 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -20 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Gabon Year Average in UMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Gabon 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in UMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Gambia, The Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 6.1e+02 14 60 Population: 1.8e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 12 50 50 10 40 40 % % 30 8 % 30 20 6 10 20 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Gambia, The [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 20 10 15 10 % 5 % 5 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Gambia, The 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Gambia, The Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 160 25 60 140 20 40 % GDP 120 15 % GDP % GDP 100 10 20 80 5 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 60 1995 2000 2005 2010 Gambia, The Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Gambia, The 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Ghana Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.4e+03 70 Population: 2.5e+07 15 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 60 50 10 % % 40 40 % 30 20 5 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Ghana [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 80 10 60 % 40 5 % 20 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Ghana 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Ghana Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 25 120 40 100 20 30 % GDP % GDP 80 % GDP 15 20 60 10 10 40 5 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Ghana Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2001-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 10 % GDP 10 % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Ghana 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Guinea Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.4e+02 100 Population: 1.0e+07 7 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 6 80 60 5 % % 60 40 4 % 40 3 20 20 2 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Guinea [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 15 30 10 % 20 % 5 10 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Guinea 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Guinea Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 160 30 80 140 60 20 % GDP % GDP % GDP 40 120 10 20 100 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 80 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Guinea Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1998-1999 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 10 8 % GDP % GDP 6 5 4 2 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Guinea 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Guinea-Bissau Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 6.0e+02 10 80 Population: 1.5e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 60 8 60 40 % % 6 % 40 20 4 20 2 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Guinea-Bissau [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 80 10 10 60 0 % GDP % GDP % 40 -10 5 20 -20 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -30 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Guinea-Bissau Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Guinea-Bissau Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 250 40 20 30 200 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 10 150 10 100 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 50 -10 1995 2000 2005 2010 Guinea-Bissau Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Guinea-Bissau 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Kenya Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 8.2e+02 Population: 4.2e+07 48 10 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 46 8 40 44 % % 30 42 % 6 20 40 10 38 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Kenya [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 20 10 15 % 10 5 % 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Kenya 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Kenya Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 50 60 40 20 % GDP 55 20 30 % GDP % GDP 10 50 10 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 45 1995 2000 2005 2010 Kenya Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 12 10 10 % GDP % GDP 8 5 6 4 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 2 Kenya 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Lesotho Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.2e+03 14 80 Population: 2.2e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 12 80 60 10 60 % % 8 40 % 40 6 20 20 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Lesotho [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 10 8 % 6 5 % 4 2 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Lesotho 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Lesotho Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 150 60 60 40 40 100 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 20 50 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -20 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Lesotho Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2008 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 50 10 40 % GDP % GDP 30 5 20 0 10 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Lesotho 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Liberia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1998-2010 GNI per capita: 2.4e+02 20 40 Population: 4.1e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 35 15 40 30 % % 30 % 10 25 20 10 20 5 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Liberia [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 20 10 10 0 15 % GDP % GDP % -10 5 10 -20 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -30 5 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Liberia Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Liberia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 1000 40 30 800 30 20 % GDP 600 % GDP % GDP 20 10 400 10 0 200 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Liberia Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2005-2008 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 .2 10 .15 % GDP % GDP 5 .1.05 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Liberia 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Madagascar Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.3e+02 70 Population: 2.1e+07 15 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 60 10 40 50 % % 40 % 5 30 20 20 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Madagascar [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 40 10 5 30 0 % GDP % GDP % 20 5 -5 10 -10 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -15 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Madagascar Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Madagascar Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 25 140 50 20 120 20 30 40 % GDP 15 100 % GDP % GDP 10 80 10 60 5 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 40 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Madagascar Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2000-2008 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 12 10 10 % GDP 8 % GDP 5 6 4 0 2 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Madagascar 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Malawi Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 3.4e+02 80 Population: 1.5e+07 20 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 60 15 40 % % 40 % 10 20 20 5 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Malawi [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 80 10 10 60 % GDP % GDP % 40 5 5 20 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Malawi Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Malawi Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2002-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 150 40 40 30 30 100 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 20 50 10 10 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Malawi Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Malawi 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Mali Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 6.1e+02 14 70 Population: 1.6e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 12 60 10 20 30 40 50 10 50 % % 8 % 40 6 30 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Mali [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 5 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Mali 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Mali Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 60 100 40 40 30 80 % GDP 20 20 % GDP % GDP 60 10 0 40 -20 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -40 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Mali Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2000-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 50 10 40 % GDP 30 % GDP 5 20 10 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Mali 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Mauritania Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.0e+03 70 Population: 3.5e+06 15 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 10 20 30 40 50 10 50 % % % 5 40 30 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Mauritania [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 5 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Mauritania 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Mauritania Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 300 80 60 250 60 % GDP 40 % GDP % GDP 200 40 150 20 20 100 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Mauritania Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Mauritania 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Mauritius Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 8.2e+03 12 60 Population: 1.3e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 55 10 60 45 50 8 % % 40 % 6 40 20 35 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Mauritius [left] [right] Average in UMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Mauritius 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in UMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Mauritius Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 60 50 25 20 30 40 20 55 % GDP % GDP % GDP 15 50 10 10 5 0 45 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 1995 2000 2005 2010 Mauritius Year Average in UMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2009-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 15 10 10 % GDP % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Mauritius 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in UMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Mozambique Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.7e+02 20 80 Population: 2.4e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 60 15 60 40 % % 10 % 40 20 20 5 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Mozambique [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 60 10 40 10 % GDP % GDP % 5 20 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Mozambique Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Mozambique Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 140 40 50 120 40 30 % GDP 20 30 100 % GDP % GDP 20 80 10 10 60 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 40 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Mozambique Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Mozambique 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Namibia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 4.7e+03 14 80 Population: 2.3e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 12 60 60 10 40 % % 40 % 20 8 20 6 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Namibia [left] [right] Average in UMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Namibia 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in UMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Namibia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 30 50 30 40 25 % GDP 20 30 20 % GDP % GDP 10 20 10 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -10 15 1995 2000 2005 2010 Namibia Year Average in UMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2007 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 20 15 10 % GDP % GDP 10 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Namibia 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in UMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Niger Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 3.6e+02 55 Population: 1.6e+07 15 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 50 10 40 45 % % 30 % 5 40 20 10 35 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Niger [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 5 % 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Niger 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Niger Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 100 60 40 40 80 30 % GDP 20 % GDP % GDP 60 20 0 40 10 -20 20 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -40 1995 2000 2005 2010 Niger Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2005-2007 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 50 10 40 % GDP 30 % GDP 5 20 10 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Niger 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Nigeria Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.2e+03 10 80 Population: 1.6e+08 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 8 60 % % 6 40 % 40 4 20 20 2 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Nigeria [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 25 50 10 20 40 15 30 % GDP % GDP % 5 10 20 5 10 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Nigeria Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Nigeria Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 100 60 40 80 40 30 % GDP % GDP % GDP 60 20 20 10 40 0 0 20 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Nigeria Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2004-2008 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 40 10 30 % GDP % GDP 20 5 10 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Nigeria 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Rwanda Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 5.7e+02 25 60 Population: 1.1e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 50 20 40 40 15 % % 30 % 30 10 20 20 10 5 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Rwanda [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 25 40 10 20 30 15 20 % GDP % GDP % 5 10 10 5 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Rwanda Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Rwanda Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 120 30 40 100 30 20 % GDP 80 % GDP % GDP 20 60 10 10 40 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Rwanda Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Rwanda 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR São Tomé and Principe Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.4e+03 14 60 Population: 1.7e+05 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 12 50 10 40 % % 40 % 30 8 20 20 6 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) São Tomé and Principe [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 50 80 20 40 15 60 30 % GDP % GDP % 10 40 20 5 20 10 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 São Tomé and Principe Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR São Tomé and Principe Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 200 400 60 300 100 40 % GDP % GDP % GDP 200 20 0 100 0 -100 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 São Tomé and Principe Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue São Tomé and Principe 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Senegal Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.1e+03 70 Population: 1.3e+07 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 60 10 50 % % 40 8 % 40 6 20 30 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Senegal [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 6 10 4 % 2 5 % 0 -2 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -4 Senegal 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Senegal Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 80 50 40 20 60 % GDP 20 30 % GDP % GDP 10 40 10 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Senegal Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2000-2001 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 12 10 10 % GDP % GDP 8 5 6 4 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 2 Senegal 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Seychelles Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.1e+04 100 Population: 8.6e+04 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 80 100 10 60 8 % % 60 40 % 6 40 20 4 20 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Seychelles [left] [right] Average in UMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 60 10 10 40 % GDP % GDP % 5 5 20 0 0 -5 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Seychelles Year Average in UMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Seychelles Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 200 60 8060 40 150 % GDP % GDP % GDP 40 20 20 100 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 50 1995 2000 2005 2010 Seychelles Year Average in UMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 30 20 25 15 % GDP 20 % GDP 10 15 5 10 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 5 Seychelles 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in UMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Sierra Leone Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 3.4e+02 16 Population: 6.0e+06 80 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 14 80 60 10 12 60 % % 40 % 40 8 20 20 6 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Sierra Leone [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 80 10 60 20 % GDP % GDP % 40 5 0 20 -20 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Sierra Leone Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Sierra Leone Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 40 150 30 20 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 100 0 10 0 50 -20 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 1995 2000 2005 2010 Sierra Leone Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2000-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 10 10 % GDP % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Sierra Leone 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Somalia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2001 GNI per capita: . 4.5 60 Population: 9.6e+06 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 4 50 55 3.5 40 50 % % 30 3 % 45 20 2.5 10 40 2 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Somalia [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 2004-2008 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 % 5 % 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation Somalia 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Somalia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2004-2008 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 4030 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 10 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 1995 2000 2005 2010 Somalia Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2001 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Somalia 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR South Africa Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 7.0e+03 12 50 Population: 5.1e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 11 40 60 10 30 % % 40 9 % 20 8 20 10 7 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) South Africa [left] [right] Average in UMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 25 20 20 15 % % 10 10 5 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 South Africa 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in UMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR South Africa Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 40 45 50 40 30 40 % GDP 20 30 % GDP % GDP 20 35 10 10 30 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 25 1995 2000 2005 2010 South Africa Year Average in UMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2000-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 15 10 % GDP 10 % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 South Africa 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in UMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Sudan Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2009 GNI per capita: 1.3e+03 80 Population: 3.4e+07 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 10 60 8 % % 40 40 % 6 20 20 4 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Sudan [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 150 60 15 40 100 10 % GDP % GDP % 20 5 50 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -20 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Sudan Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Sudan Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 250 25 100 20 200 % GDP 15 % GDP % GDP 150 50 10 100 5 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 50 1995 2000 2005 2010 Sudan Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1998-1999 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 5 10 4 % GDP % GDP 5 3 2 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 1 Sudan 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Swaziland Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 3.3e+03 80 Population: 1.1e+06 12 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 60 10 40 % % 8 40 % 20 6 20 4 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Swaziland [left] [right] Average in LMICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 % 50 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Swaziland 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LMICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Swaziland Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 25 40 40 30 30 20 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 20 10 15 10 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -10 10 1995 2000 2005 2010 Swaziland Year Average in LMICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1999-2003 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 20 10 15 % GDP % GDP 10 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Swaziland 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LMICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Tanzania Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 5.4e+02 80 Population: 4.6e+07 14 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 12 80 60 10 60 40 % % 8 % 40 20 6 20 4 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Tanzania [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 8 25 10 7 20 6 % GDP % GDP % 15 5 5 10 4 0 5 Growth Unemployment Inflation 3 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Tanzania Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation [left] [left] [right] Average in AFR Tanzania Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 70 50 40 60 20 % GDP 20 30 % GDP % GDP 50 10 10 40 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 30 1995 2000 2005 2010 Tanzania Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Tanzania 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Togo Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 5.6e+02 70 Population: 6.2e+06 15 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 60 50 50 40 10 % % 40 30 % 20 30 10 20 5 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Togo [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 15 10 10 % 5 5 % 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -5 Togo 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Togo Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1995-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 120 50 20 40 100 % GDP 20 30 % GDP % GDP 10 80 10 60 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 40 1995 2000 2005 2010 Togo Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2004-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 15 10 10 % GDP % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Togo 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Uganda Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 5.1e+02 14 60 Population: 3.5e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 50 12 50 40 10 40 % % 30 % 30 8 20 20 6 10 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Uganda [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 10 20 % 10 5 % 0 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -10 Uganda 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Uganda Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 1997-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 100 40 20 80 30 15 % GDP % GDP % GDP 20 60 10 10 40 5 0 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 20 1995 2000 2005 2010 Uganda Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1998-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 12 10 10 % GDP 8 % GDP 5 6 4 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 2 Uganda 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Zambia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2010 GNI per capita: 1.2e+03 70 Population: 1.3e+07 16 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 14 60 60 12 50 % % 40 10 % 40 8 20 30 6 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Zambia [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 50 10 40 30 % 5 % 20 10 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation 0 Zambia 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Zambia Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2000-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 250 40 40 200 30 % GDP 20 150 % GDP % GDP 20 100 0 10 50 0 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue -20 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Zambia Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 2001-2010 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 15 10 % GDP 10 % GDP 5 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue 0 Zambia 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Zimbabwe Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1A. Health Financing Indicators, 1995-2001 GNI per capita: 6.4e+02 100 20 Population: 1.3e+07 2A. Health Financing Indicators, 2010 80 50 15 60 40 10 % % 30 40 % 5 20 20 10 0 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 Year Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) Tot. Health Exp. (% GDP) Govt. (% THE) Zimbabwe [left] [right] Average in LICs Govt. (% GGS) OOP (% THE) [left] [right] Average in AFR 1B. Macroeconomic Indicators, 2001-2017 2B. Macroeconomic Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 10 10 0 % 5 % -10 0 Growth Unemployment Inflation -20 Zimbabwe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Average in LICs Growth Unemployment Inflation Average in AFR Zimbabwe Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet 1C. Fiscal Indicators, 2005-2010 2C. Fiscal Indicators, Average 2012-2017 (proj.) 30 60 90 80 40 20 % GDP % GDP % GDP 70 20 10 60 0 50 Debt De�cit Spending Revenue 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 Zimbabwe Year Average in LICs Debt De�cit Spending Revenue [left] [right] [right] [right] Average in AFR 1D. Sources of Revenue, 1995-2001 2D. Sources of Revenue, 2010 10 % GDP % GDP 5 0 Income tax Other taxes Grants & other revenue Zimbabwe 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year Average in LICs Income Other Taxes Grants & Other Revenue Average in AFR Definition of Macro Fiscal Health Indicators The$14$indicators$describe$a$country’s$macro5fiscal$environment$to$identify$constraints$or$opportunities$for$health$systems$financing.$For$each$ indicator$two$aspects$are$important:$level$and$trend.$A$country$with$a$10$percent$unemployment$rate$that$has$fallen$from$15$percent$may$be$ in$ better$ shape$ than$ one$ with$ an$ 8$ percent$ unemployment$ rate$ that$ has$ risen$ from$ 4$ percent.$ It$ is$ also$ important$ to$ benchmark$ to$ group$ averages$of$countries$in$the$same$Word$Bank$(WB)$region$(EAS,$ECS,$LCN,$MEA,$NAC,$SAS,$or$SSF)$and$income$group$(HIC,$Upper$MIC,$Lower$ MIC,$or$LIC).$ $ Indicator Source Definition How to interpret for fiscal space for health? Health Financing Indicators The sum of public and private health expenditure, which covers provision of health services (preventive 1. Total health expenditure World Health and curative), family planning activities, nutrition (THE as % GDP) Organization activities, and emergency aid designated for health (WHO) but does not include provision of water and sanitation (ratios in nominal LCUs). Consists of recurrent and capital spending from Health financing indicators reflect not only the 2. Government health WHO government (central and local) budgets, external share of resources devoted to health, but also spending (GHE as % borrowings and grants, and social health insurance the role of the government in the health sector THE) funds (ratios in nominal LCUs). in terms of financing, provision, or regulation. General government health spending as share of 3. Government health WHO general government spending (GGS) (ratios in spending (GHE as % nominal LCUs).! GGS) The direct outlay of households including gratuities 4. Out of pocket spending WHO and in-kind payments to health practitioners, (OOP as % THE) suppliers of pharmaceuticals, and other goods and services whose primary intent is to improve health status (ratios in nominal LCUs). Macroeconomic Indicators Growth is the most important macroeconomic 5. Growth (GDP, constant International Growth is the rate of change of a nation’s GDP from indicator. Additional fiscal space for health can prices) Monetary one year to another. be generated through economic growth without Fund (IMF) altering government spending priorities. Persistent high unemployment is also evidence Unemployment is the rate of unemployed workers of of structural problems in the economy. High the total labor force. Unemployed workers are rates of unemployment also may affect fiscal 6. Unemployment (rate) IMF currently not working but are willing and able to work space for health if a large share of government for pay, currently available to work, and have actively health resources come from searched for work. employer/employee contributions through payroll taxes. 7. Inflation (end of period IMF Inflation is the rate at which general level of prices for High levels of inflation can indicate structural consumer prices) goods and services are rising. problems and macroeconomic instability. Debt, Deficits, and Spending Indicators General government gross includes debt liabilities in SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, 8. Gross Debt (as % of IMF insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee GDP) schemes, and other accounts payable. Equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options are not included. General government net lending or borrowing is In the medium to long run, the level of debt is revenue minus total expenditure—it is the extent to the most important indicator of fiscal solvency, 9. Deficit (as % of GDP) IMF which general government is putting in or utilizing the and the deficit provides information on whether financial resources generated by other sectors and the debt level is under control or being brought non-residents. under control. The level of spending reflects Total expenditure is the total expense and the net choices about the role of government in the 10. Spending (as % of IMF acquisition of nonfinancial assets. It accounts for economy. These choices should be constantly GDP) disposals of nonfinancial assets. reviewed. Revenue consists of taxes, social contributions, 11. Revenues (as % of IMF grants receivable, and other revenue. Revenue GDP) increases government’s net worth, which is the difference between its assets and liabilities. Revenue Composition 12. Taxes on income, WB/IMF Tax payments on personal and corporate income and profits, and capital gains capital gains. The cost of raising revenues, in terms of the (% GDP) excess burden, generally differs by the source 13. Other taxes (% GDP) WB/IMF Other forms of tax payments, including taxes on of revenue. international trade, VAT, and other excise taxes. 14. Non-tax revenue (% WB/IMF Other forms of revenue, including grants. GDP) ! ! ! ! ! !