WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 262 Novenber qqq Health Statistics for the Americas Haeduck Lee and Jose-Luis Bobadilla m ~~~~~DTENR RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS No. 189 Frederick, Balancing Water Demands with Supplies: The Role of Management in a World of Inicreasing Scarcity No. 190 Macklin, Agricultural Extensioni in India No. 191 Frederiksen, Water Resources Institutions: Some Principles and Practices No. 192 McMillan, Painter, and Scudder, Settlement and Development in the River Blindness Control Zone No. 193 Braatz, Conserving Biological Diversity: A Strategyfor Protected Areas in the Asia-Pacific Region No. 194 Saint, Universities in Africa: Strategiesfor Stabilization and Revitalization No. 195 Ochs and Bishay, Drainage Guidelines No. 196 Mabogunje, Perspective o07 Urban Land and Land Management Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa No. 197 Zymelman, editor, Assessing Engineering Education in Sub-Sahlaran Africa No. 198 Teerink and Nakashima, Water Allocation, Rights, and Pricing: Examplesfrom Japan and the United States No. 199 Hussi, Murphy, Lindberg, and Brenneman, The Development of Cooperatives and Other Rural Organizations: The Role of the World Bank No. 200 McMillan, Nana, and Savadogo, Settlement and Development in the River Blindness Control Zone: Case Study Burkina Faso No. 201 Van Tuijl, Improving Water Use in Agriculture: Experiences in the Middle East and North Africa No. 202 Vergara, The Materials Revolution: What Does It Meanfor Developing Asia? No. 203 Cleaver, A Strategy to Develop Agriculture in Sub-Saharani Africa and a Focusfor the World Bank No. 204 Barghouti, Cromwell, and Pritchard, editors, Agricultural Technologiesfor Market-Led Development Opportunities in the 1990s No. 205 Xie, Kuffner, and Le Moigne, Using Water Efficiently: Technological Options No. 206 The World Bank/FAO/UNIDO/Industry Fertilizer Working Group, World and Regional Supply and Demand Balancesfor Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash, 1991/92-1997/98 No. 207 Narayan, Participatory Evaluation: Toolsfor Managing Change in Water and Sq;iitation No. 208 Bindlish and Evenson, Evaluation of the Performance of T&V Extension in Kenya No. 209 Keith, Property Tax: A Practical Manual for Anglophone Africa No. 210 Bradley and McNamara, editors, Living with Trees: Policiesfor Forestry Management in Zimbabwe No. 211 Wiebers, Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Regulation in? Developing Asia No. 212 Frederiksen, Berkoff, and Barber, Water Resources Management in Asia, Volume l: Main Report No. 213 Srivastava and Jaffee, Best Practicesfor Moving Seed Technology: New Approaches to Doing Business No. 214 Bonfiglioli, Agro-pastoralism in Chad as a Strategyfor Survival: An Essay on the Relationship between Anthropology and Statistics No. 215 Umali, Irrigation-Induced Salinity: A Growing Problemfor Development and the Environment No. 216 Carr, Improving Cash Crops in Africa: Factors Influencing the Productivity of Cotton, Coffee, and Tea Grown by Smallholders No. 217 Antholt, Getting Readyfor the Twenty-First Century: Technical Change and Institutional Modernization in Agriculture No. 218 Mohan, editor, Bibliography of Publications: Technical Department, Africa Region, July 1987 to December 1992 No. 219 Cercone, Alcohol-Related Problems as an Obstacle to the Development of Human Capital: Issues and Policy Options No. 220 Kingsley, Ferguson, Bower, and Dice, Managing Urban Environmental Quality in Asia No. 221 Srivastava, Tamboli, English, Lal, and Stewart, Conserving Soil Moisture and Fertility in the Warm Seasonally Dry Tropics No. 222 Selvaratnam, Ininovations in Higher Education: Singapore at the Competitive Edge No. 223 Piotrow, Treiman, Rimon, Yun, and Lozare, Strategies for Family Planning Promotion No. 224 Midgley, Urban Transport in Asia: An Operational Agendafor the 1990s No. 225 Dia, A Governance Approach to Civil Service Reform1 in Sub-Saharan Africa (List continues on the inside back cover) WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 262 Health Statistics for the Americas Haeduck Lee, Jose-Luis Bobadilla The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright i) 1994 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing November 1994 Technical Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development com- munity with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accor- dance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibili- ty for errors. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatso- ever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy por- tions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, U.S.A. The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabetical title list (with full ordering information) and indexes of sub- jects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'Iena, 75116 Paris, France. ISSN: 0253-7494 Haeduck Lee is an economist in the Latin American and the Caribbean Technical Department of the World Bank. Jose-Luis Bobadilla is a senior health specialist in the Population, Health, and Nutrition Department of the World Bank. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lee, Haeduck. Health statistics for the Americas / Haeduck Lee and Jose-Luis Bobadilla. p. cm - (World Bank technical paper; no. 262) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8213-3037-3 1. Public health-America-Statistics. 2. Mortality-America- Statistics. 3. America-Statistics, Medical. I. Bobadilla, Jos6 Luis. II. Title. III. Series. RA407.5.A45L44 1994 362.1'0973'021-dc2O 94-36261 CIP - 111 - Contents Foreword ........................................ V Acknowledgements .................................. vi Introduction ..................................... 1 Part A. Tables by Subject ............................. 3 Table A. 1 Basic Data: National Income and Demographics ......... 5 Table A.2 Population Structure and Dynamics ................ 6 Table A.3 Nutrition and Health Behavior ................... 7 Table A.4 Mortality, by Broad Cause, and Tuberculosis Incidence ... . 8 Table A.5 Health Infrastructure and Services ................. 9 Table A.6 Health Expenditure and Total Flows from External Assistance 10 Table A.7 Miscellaneous Indicators ....................... 11 Part B. Country Profiles: National Indicators for Health Planning .. .. 13 Table B. 1 Antigua and Barbuda ......................... 15 Table B.2 Argentina ............................... 16 Table B.3 Bahamas ................................ 17 Table B.4 Barbados ............................... 18 Table B.5 Belize ................................. 19 Table B.6 Bolivia ................................. 20 Table B.7 Brazil ................................. 21 Table B.8 Canada ................................ 22 Table B.9 Chile .................................. 23 Table B. 10 Colombia ............................... 24 Table B. 11 Costa Rica .............................. 25 Table B.12 Cuba .................................. 26 Table B. 13 Dominica ............................... 27 Table B. 14 Dominican Republic ......................... 28 Table B.15 Ecuador ............................... 29 Table B.16 El Salvador ............................. 30 Table B. 17 Grenada ............................... 31 Table B. 18 Guatemala .............................. 32 Table B.19 Guyana ................................ 33 Table B.20 Haiti ................................. 34 - iv - Table B.21 Honduras ............................... 35 Table B.22 Jamaica ............................... 36 Table B.23 Mexico ................................ 37 Table B.24 Nicaragua .............................. 38 Table B.25 Panama ................................ 39 Table B.26 Paraguay ............................... 40 Table B.27 Peru .................................. 41 Table B.28 Puerto Rico ............................. 42 Table B.29 St. Kitts and Nevis ........................ 43 Table B.30 St. Lucia .............................. 44 Table B.31 St. Vincent ............................. 45 Table B.32 Suriname ............................... 46 Table B.33 Trinidad and Tobago ....................... 47 Table B.34 United States ............................ 48 Table B.35 Uruguay ............................... 49 Table B.36 Venezuela .............................. 50 Part C. Technical Notes .............................. 51 v Foreword The preparation of the World Bank's World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health (WDR) included a substantial effort to assemble internationally comparable statistics on a broad range of health indicators. Much of this effort invloved compiling data from existing sources; and much of it involved substantial analytical efforts to improve the quality and comparability of data (e.g. for trends in under-5 mortality rates and for levels of health expenditures). Appendix A of the WDR contains the resulting statistical tables. This Technical Report presents an expanded and somewhat updated version of the WDR Appendix Tables for the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, Canada and the United States. While the population cut-off for inclusion in the WDR was 3 million, these tables include all countries. Country profiles have been added to the topical tables to facilitate use. Comparison with other global figures and with the developing world as a whole have been retained. If this document proves useful, we expect to update it every few years. Sri-Ram Aiyer Director Technical Department Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office - vi - Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mr. Dean Jamison for motivating this work and providing guidance in all stages. Ms. Anna Maripuu provided the necessary background materials. Ms. My Vu kindly allowed us to use the most updated information on population and other demographic characteristics. The study benefited from valuable contributions from Professor Kenneth Hill of Johns Hopkins University, and Professor Christopher Murray, Dr. Ramesh Govindaraj, and Ms. Caroline Cook of Harvard University. * I - Introduction This report provides an expanded set of the World Development Report 1993's data on health conditions, services and expenditures for countries in the Americas. The data sets are based on WDR's Appendix A ("Statistical Data"), but go beyond those data in several ways: (i) the large number of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries with populations less than 3 million, which were excluded from WDR because of lack of space, were added; (ii) for completeness and comparison, data from Canada and the U.S. were included, and (iii) a few statistics have been revised when up-dated data became available. The report presents the data in two separate ways -- by subject, and by country. Part A presents the tables by subject; Part B presents the tables by country. Part C contains technical notes concerning methods and data sources. Tables by Subject Table A. 1 is new, with basic data regarding national income and demographics. In Tables A. 1 through A.7, all countries have been sorted and presented in alphabetical order. Efforts were made to include more up-to-date data in this report, whenever they became available. Updates were carried out for the following eight statistics: GNP, GNP per capita, population, population growth rate, total fertility, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate. Newly revised figures on health expenditure-related statistics are made available, leading to an extensive update of previous statistics as well as adding more countries in Table A.6. Additional statistics in country profile tables, not in the WDR 1993, are presented in the Table A.7 under the heading of "Miscellaneous Indicators". In all tables by subject, the statistics for Canada and the United States are included for the purpose of comparison. But they have not been included in the computation of regional summary statistics. Country Profiles For those 36 countries for which per capita GNP is available, country profile tables have been constructed to give a snapshot of health conditions. For comparison, each of these profiles also contains the summary statistics for the LAC Region, countries in similar income groups, and the world. Part A. Tables by Subject - 5- Table A. I Basic Data: National Income and Demographics GNP Population GNP Urban 1992 Population, Growth Rate per Capita Population Demographic Region (millions 1992 1985-92 1991 1991 and Economy of USS) (millions) (% p.a.) (USS) (Percent) Anguilla - 0.01 - Antigua and Barbuda 395 0.08 1.0 4,430 - Argentina 200,282 33.1 1 .3 2,790 87 Aruba _ 0.07 - - Bahamas, The 3,161 0.26 1.9 11,750 - Barbados 1,693 0.26 0.3 6,630 - Belize 442 0.19 2.6 2,010 - Bolivia 5,084 7.5 2.5 650 52 Brazil 425,412 154.0 1.8 2,940 76 British Virgin Islands - 0.01 - - - Canada 565,787 27.8 1.4 20,440 77 Cayman Islands - 0.02 - - - Chile 37,064 13.6 1.7 2,160 86 Colombia 44,555 33.4 1.8 1,260 71 Costa Rica 6,261 3.1 2.5 1,850 48 Cuba - 10.8 1.0 - - Dominica 181 0.07 1.9 2,440 - Dominican Republic 7,611 7.3 1.9 940 61 Ecuador 11,843 11.0 2.5 1,000 57 El Salvador 6,283 5.4 1.8 1,080 45 French Guiana - 0.13 - - - Grenada 210 0.09 -0.2 2,180 Guadeloupe - 0.40 1.7 - - Guatemala 9,568 9.7 2.9 930 40 Guyana 268 0.8 0.3 430 - Hlaiti 2,479 6.7 2.0 370 29 Honduras 3,142 5.4 3.1 580 45 Jamaica 3,216 2.4 0.8 1,380 53 Martinique - 0.37 1.0 - - Mexico 294,831 85.0 1.8 3,030 73 Monuserrat - 0.01 - - - Netherlands Antilles -- 0.19 0.9 - - Nicaragua 1,325 3.9 2.8 460 60 Panama 6,133 2.5 2.1 2,130 54 Paraguay 6,038 4.5 2.9 1,270 48 Peru 21,272 22.4 2.1 1,070 71 Puerto Rico 23,603 4.0 0.8 6,350 - St. Kitts and Nevis 181 0.04 -0.4 3,960 - St. Lucia 453 0.15 1.9 2,490 - St. Vincent 217 0.11 0.9 1,730 - Suriname 1,728 0.4 2.3 3,630 - Trinidad and Tobago 4,995 1.3 1.3 3,670 70 Turks and Caicos Islands - 0.01 - - United States 5,904,822 255.4 0.9 22,240 75 Uruguay 10,444 3.1 0.6 2,840 86 Venezuela 58,901 20.2 2.5 2,730 85 Virgin Islands (U.S.) - 0.10 -1.4 - ;d"'-'"@:; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..... '. , '. ....';:' , . Note: In all tables, the demographically developing group includes the LAC region. Figures for the weighted average and the overall total for the world and the demographically developing group were not updated although some data for LAC were updated along with the LAC aggregate figures. - 6- Table A.2 Population Structure and Dynamics Population and Fertility General Mortality Age-specific Mortality Rates Total Adult Mortality Under 15 60 years Total Livc Births Life Expectancy Median Perinntal Child Mortity Rate, 1990 Population, years old, and over Ftrtility per year at Birth Age at Mortality Rate (a-es 15-59) Demographic Region 1992 1990 1990 Rate, 1992 Death, rate, and Economy (fnillions) (percent) (percent) 1992 (100,000) 1960 1992 1990 1990 1960 1975 1990 Male Female . ...c...'...'.... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ . ............... Anguilla 0.01 - _ _ _ Antigua and Barbuda 0.08 38 8 1.9 0.01 62 74 Argentina 33.1 30 13 2.8 6.7 67 71 72 28 73 56 26 168 90 Aruba 0.07 - - 2.1 0.01 - 76 Bahamas, The 0.26 45 7 2.1 0.05 63 72 Barbados 0.26 25 15 1.8 0.04 64 75 - - - - - Belize 0.19 41 6 4.5 0.07 53 69 - - - - - - - Bolivia 7.5 43 5 4.7 2.7 43 60 13 37 251 205 125 330 269 Brazil 154.0 35 7 2.8 35.8 52 66 57 35 179 110 69 250 182 British Virgin Islands 0.01 - . Canada 27.8 21 16 1.8 3.9 71 77 76 8 33 16 9 146 65 Cayman Islands 0.02 - - - - - - - _ - - - _ _ Chile 13.6 31 9 2.7 2.9 55 72 69 14 155 68 20 214 112 Colombia 33.4 35 6 2.7 7.9 58 69 66 33 132 88 21 200 109 Costa Rica 3.1 36 6 3.1 0.8 62 76 - - 111 50 16 - - Cuba 10.8 23 12 1.7 1.6 63 76 77 17 49 34 12 134 95 Dominica 0.07 36 11 2.5 0.02 - 72 - - - - - - - Dominican Republic 7.3 37 6 3.0 1.9 56 68 49 35 149 114 56 212 147 Ecuador 11.0 39 6 3.5 3.3 53 67 57 37 174 120 42 218 157 El Salvador 5.4 44 6 4.0 1.8 51 66 32 39 188 146 52 318 217 French Guiana 0.13 - - - 0.04 - - - - - Grenada 0.09 35 10 2.9 0.02 63 70 - - - Guadeloupe 0.40 27 11 2.2 0.08 62 74 - - - Guatemala 9.7 45 5 5.1 3.7 49 65 23 40 205 152 84 287 227 Guyana 0.8 36 6 2.6 0.2 56 65 - - - - - - - Haiti 6.7 40 6 4.7 2.3 47 55 18 43 221 208 156 413 406 Honduras 5.4 45 5 4.9 2.0 49 66 23 39 203 126 62 220 162 Jamaica 2.4 34 9 2.7 0.6 63 74 - - - - Martinique 0.37 23 13 2.0 0.06 - 76 - - - - Mexico 85.0 37 6 3.2 23.8 56 70 60 30 148 95 38 212 164 Montserrat 0.01 - - 2.4 0.00 - 72 - - - - - Negherlands Antilles 0.19 27 10 2.1 0.04 - 77 - - - - Nicaragua 3.9 46 4 5.0 1.5 50 67 13 35 191 149 106 283 264 Panama 2.5 35 7 2.9 0.6 61 73 - - 105 54 22 - - Paraguay 4.5 41 5 4.6 1.5 64 67 42 37 92 70 37 261 210 Peru 22.4 38 6 3.3 5.8 45 65 47 40 233 157 73 272 221 Puerto Rico 4.0 26 14 2.3 0.6 67 76 75 18 70 27 15 155 77 St. Vincent 0.11 35 8 2.5 0.02 59 71 - - - - St. Kitts and Nevis 0.04 30 20 2.6 0.01 - 68 - - - - St. Lucia 0.15 41 9 3.0 0.04 57 71 - - - - Suriname 0.4 36 7 2.8 0.1 60 69 - - - - Trinidad and Tobago 1.3 34 8 2.8 0.3 63 71 - - 73 49 24 Turk and Caicos lslands 0.01 - - - - - United States 255.4 22 17 1.9 38.6 70 76 76 10 31 19 11 157 75 Uruguay 3.1 26 16 2.3 0.5 71 74 73 17 55 58 23 194 101 Venezuela 20.2 38 6 3.6 6.0 67 70 62 26 78 59 26 196 105 Virgin Islands (U.S.) 0.10 33 8 2.6 0.02 - 75 - - - - - - _ | , , , , , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~. .R< r,, R R 0 |.~~~~~~$~ 7gE!>~ 2~$ -7- Table A.3 Nutrition and Health Behavior Percentage of Children Affected by Percenap of Prevalence of Anemia Tobacco Consumption per year Stunting Wasting Children in Pregnnt Womea (kilograms per capita (ages 24-59 (ages 12-23 FuUy Brastd (percentap below the in adult population) Demographic Region months) months) 19S5-90 norm for hemoglobin) and Economy 1980-90* 1980-90* (ages 0-3 months) 1970's and 1980's 1974-76 1990 2000 .0 Anguilla - - - - - - - Antigua and Barbuda - - - 58 - - - Argentina - - - - 3.1 1.9 1.9 Aruba - - - - - - - Bahamas, The - - - 12 - - - Barbados - - - 29 - - - Belize - - - 65 - - - Bolivia 38 2 75 36 - - - Brazil 29 6 34 34 2.1 1.8 1.9 British Virgin Islands - - - 10 - - - Canada S 1 - - 3.8 2.6 2.2 Cayman Islands - - - 1S - - - Chile 10 1 - 20 1.3 0.9 1.0 Colombia 23 1 40 24 1.9 2.0 2.3 Costa Rica 8 3 - 28 - - - Cuba - 1 - - 4.8 4.5 5.0 Dominica - - - 28 - - - Dominican Republic 19 1 42 - 0.8 1.1 1.1 Ecuador 39 4 54 46 - - - El Salvador 36 6 - 14 1.2 0.9 0.9 French Guiana - - - - - - Grenada - - - 63 Guadeloupe - - - - Guatemala 57 13 - - - - - Guyana - - - 58 Haiti 51 17 - 64 Honduras 34 2 - - Jamaica 7 6 - 62 Martinique - - - - - - - Mexico 22 6 44 41 1.4 1.0 1.1 Montserrat - - - 82 - - - Netherlands Antilles - - - Nicaragua 22 0 Panama - - - - - - Paraguay 17 0 - 63 1.9 0.9 0.9 Peru 37 2 58 53 - - - Puerto Rico - - - - - - - St. Kitts and Nevis - - - 57 - - - St. Lucia - - - 22 - - - St. Vincent - - - 20 - - - Suriname - - - - - - - Trinidad and Tobago 4 5 22 53 - Turks and Caicos Islands - - - 65 - - - United States 2 2 17 3.8 2.6 2.2 Uruguay 16 Venezuela 7 4 29 1.8 1.5 1.7 Virgin Islands (U.S.) . ... * Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Table A.4 Mortality, by Broad Cause, and Tuberculosis Incidence Mortality Rates due to Major Causes of Death (deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age) Annual Incidence Rate Conunuricable Non- of Tuberculosis Disee and Materal Communicable (per 100,000 Demographic Region and Perinltal Causes Diamsr Injuries population) and Economv 1985-90* 1985-90* 1985-90 1990 ~~~~~~~~~~~.......'...... -.t .....:.... ....:Xi Anguilla _ _ Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina 107 530 59 50 Aruba Bahamas, The - - Barbados - - Belize Bolivia - - - 335 Brazil - - - 56 British Virgin Islands - - Canada 39 395 48 8 Cayman Islands - - Chile 131 444 88 67 Colombia - - - 67 Costa Rica - - Cuba 73 472 82 10 Dominica - - Dominican Rep. 206 443 88 110 Ecuador 210 448 119 166 El Salvador 202 385 201 110 French Guiana - - Grenada - - -- Guadeloupe - - Guatemala 595 523 113 110 Guyana - - Haiti - - 333 Honduras - - - 133 Jamaica - - Martinique - - Mexico 168 490 102 110 Montserrat - - Netherlands Antilles - - Nicaragua - - - 110 Panama - - Paraguay - - - 166 Peru 327 392 53 250 Puerto Rico 78 447 59 8 St. Kitts and Nevis - - St. Lucia - - St. Vincent - - Suriname - - Trinidad and Tobago - - Turks and Caicos Islands -- - - - United States 54 447 58 10 Uruguay 98 519 67 15 Venezuela 151 449 110 44 Virgin Islands (U. S.) * Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. -9- Table A.5 Health Infrastructure and Services Percentage of Children Immunized, Doctors per Hospital Beds age less than 1 year 1,000 Nurse-to- per 1,000 Third Dose Demographic Region opulation Doctor Ratio Population of DPT, Measles and Economy 1988-92* 1988-92* 1985-1990* 1990-1991* 1990-1991 .~~~............. .................... .... ... .. ... Anguilla 3.7 99 99 Antigua and Barbuda - - 4.5 99 89 Argentina 2.99 0.2 4.8 84 99 Aruba Bahamas, The 1.30 2.9 4.2 86 87 Barbados 0.89 3.3 8.2 91 87 Belize 0.65 2.7 1.1 84 74 Bolivia 0.48 0.7 1.3 58 73 Brazil 1.46 0.1 3.5 75 83 British Virgin Islands - - 3.8 98 84 Canada 2.22 4.7 16.1 85 85 Cayman Islands - - 3.0 99 89 Chile 0.46 0.8 3.3 91 93 Colombia 0.87 0.6 1.5 84 75 Costa Rica 1.04 0.5 2.6 90 96 Cuba 3.75 1.7 5.0 99 99 Dominica 0.32 8.2 4.1 98 98 Dominican Rep. 1.08 0.7 2.0 47 69 Ecuador 1.04 0.3 1.7 89 54 El Salvador 0.64 1.5 1.5 60 53 French Guiana - -- 8.9 - - Grenada 0.47 3.7 6.9 85 96 Guadeloupe 1.40 2.2 11.2 - - Guatemala 0.44 2.5 1.7 63 48 Guyana 0.16 2.3 2.2 81 76 Haiti 0.14 0.8 0.8 41 31 Honduras 0.32 1.0 1.1 94 86 Jamaica 0.48 3.2 2.4 83 68 Martinique 1.56 2.3 10.7 - - Mexico 0.54 0.8 1.3 64 78 Monlserral 0.42 8.0 5.6 99 99 Netherlands Antilles -- - 13.7 - - Nicaragua 0.60 0.5 1.8 71 54 Panama 1.19 0.9 3.2 82 80 Paraguay 0.62 1.7 1.0 79 74 Peru 1.03 0.9 1.5 71 59 Puerto Rico 2.55 -- 4.0 - - St. Kitts and Nevis 0.44 7.0 5.5 99 99 St. Lucia 0.26 6.5 4.1 89 82 St. Vincent 023 12.1 4.9 99 99 Suriname 0.79 3.1 4.7 83 65 Trinidad and Tobago 1.04 2.8 3.8 82 70 Turks and Caicos Islands - -- 4.5 99 99 United States 2.38 2.8 5.3 67 80 Uruguay 2.90 0.2 4.6 88 82 Venezuela 1.55 0.5 2.9 54 54 Virgin Islands (U.S.) - -- 05 - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. . . -... -..---. ---- ..- -. s-., ........ 'P,",',OVW.. EachvalUp Grfr ; o ' " ' n * Each value refers to one particular but not specifised year within the tune period denoted. - 10 - Table A.6 Health Expenditure and Total Flows from External Assistance Toal health Expenditre Health Expenditures Developmnent Assistance for Health (official exchange rate dollars) ax a percentage of GDP Total Aid Flows as a Aid Flows percentage of Public Private in dollars Aid Flown Totl Health Demographic Region Millions Per Capita Total Sector Sector (millions) /a per Capita Expenditure and Economy 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda 21 262 5.0 2.9 2.1 1 8.7 3.3 Argentina 10,079 312 9.6 5.9 3.7 11 0.3 0.1 Aruba Bahamas, The 177 688 5.7 2.6 3.1 0 0.0 0.0 Barbados 108 419 6.5 3.3 3.2 2 6.1 1.5 Belizc 22 118 5.8 3.4 2.4 2 12.8 10.8 Bolivia 247 34 5.5 2.4 3.1 37 5.1 20.3 Brazil 33,445 222 6.4 2.8 3.6 84 0.6 0.3 British Virgin Islands 7 548 4.8 2.7 2.1 0 0.0 0.0 Canada 51,594 1,945 9.1 6.8 2.4 - - - Cayman Islands 15 701 4.0 2.0 2.0 0 0.0 0.0 Chile 2,017 153 7.3 3.4 3.6 10 0.7 0.5 Colombia 2,116 65 5.1 3.0 2.2 26 0.8 1.6 Costa Rica 523 186 9.2 7.6 1.6 4 1.6 0.8 Cuba - - - - - 3 0.3 - Dominica 14 191 8.0 6.4 1.6 2 27.9 14.6 Dominican Rep. 417 59 5.7 2.1 3.6 11 1.5 4.1 Ecuador 402 39 3.7 2.6 1.1 31 3.0 7.0 El Salvador 300 58 5.9 2.6 3.3 44 8.5 13.9 French Guiana - - - - - - - Grenada 12 136 6.1 4.3 1.8 0 4.7 3.4 Guadeloupe - - - - - - - Guatemala 306 33 4.5 2.1 2.4 32 3.4 11.1 Guyana 32 40 10.0 8.8 1.2 15 18.4 - Haiti 173 27 7.0 3.2 3.8 33 5.1 17.0 Honduras 331 65 5.7 2.9 2.8 20 4.0 15.1 Jamaica 200 83 5.0 3.4 1.7 19 7.8 9.5 Martinique - - - - - - - Mexico 9,389 112 3.9 1.6 2.4 65 0.8 0.7 Montserrat - - - - - - - - Netherlands Antilles - - - - - - - Nicaragua 120 31 8.0 6.7 1.3 27 6.9 20.0 Panama 417 173 8.7 5.5 3.2 15 6.1 3.5 Paraguay 244 57 4.5 1.2 3.3 10 2.4 6.4 Peru 1,280 59 3.1 1.1 2.0 29 1.4 2.7 Puerto Rico - - - - - - - - St. Kitts and Nevis 11 263 7.4 4.3 3.1 1 29.9 11.4 St. Lucia 27 179 7.6 5.6 2.0 0 2.4 1.3 St. Vincent 12 110 6.1 4.0 2.1 0 2.7 2.5 Suriname 75 168 5.2 1.2 4.0 2 3.8 2.3 Trinidad and Tobago 248 200 5.1 2.9 2.2 1 1.1 0.6 Turks and Caicos Islands - - - - - - - - United States 690,667 2,763 12.7 5.6 7.0 - - - Uruguay 380 123 4.6 2.6 2.1 5 1.7 1.4 Venezuela 2,009 102 4.2 2.0 2.2 2 0.1 0.1 Virgin Islands (U.S.) - - - -- - - - - te: A id fow f e t astn4c a. i.o a s .r 3...2,iaf...l. NGO asi Note: Aid flows are of ficial development assistance, and include only a small portion of privatc flows ( NGO aui tanoce) - 1.1 - Table A.7 Miscellaneous Indicators Babies with Married Births Infant Female Annual Rate Maternal Low Birth Women Using Attended Mortality Prinmary of Life Years Mortality Weights Contraception by Health Rate, Demographic Region Education Lost, 1990 Rate, 1988 1985 1989 Staff, 1985 1992 and Economy 1990 (per 1,000) (per 100,000) (percent) (percent) (percent) (per 1000) tAti~~~~~~~~~~~i Amet~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ca and~~~~~::: M. th~~~C~ibbe~~~,LA~~~) 103w 161'~~~~~~ 11w 64~~w :43,2w Anguilla - - - - - - Antigua and Barbuda - - - -- - - 20.0 Argentina 114 12 140 6 - - 29.0 Aruba - - - - - - 14.0 Bahamas, The - - - - - - 25.0 Barbados - - - - - - 10.0 Belize - - - - - - 41.0 Bolivia 78 59 371 15 30 36 82.0 Brazil - 26 140 8 65 73 57.0 British Virgin Islands - - - - - - - Canada 104 9 - 6 - 99 7.0 Cayman Islands - - - - - Chile 97 13 40 7 - 97 17.0 Colombia 111 11 200 15 66 51 21.0 Costa Rica 101 - 18 9 - 93 14.0 Cuba - - - - - -- 10.2 Dominica - - - - - - 18.0 Dominican Rep. 96 24 300 16 56 57 52.5 Ecuador - 21 156 10 53 27 45.0 El Salvador 78 28 148 15 47 35 40.0 French Guiana - - - - - - 22.2 Grenada - - - - - -- 28.6 Guadeloupe - - - -- - - 12.0 Guatemala - 41 - 10 23 19 62.0 Guyana - - - - - -- 48.0 Haiti - 69 600 17 11 20 93.0 Honduras 109 27 221 20 41 50 49.0 Jamaica 105 - 115 8 55 89 14.0 Martinique - - - - - - 10.0 Mexico 110 17 200 15 53 - 35.0 Montserrat - - - - -- - 27.5 Netherlands Antilles - - - -- -- -- 12.2 Nicaragua 101 45 300 15 - - 52.5 Panama 105 - 60 8 - 83 21.0 Paraguay 106 22 300 6 48 22 35.5 Peru - 32 165 9 - 55 52.0 Puerto Rico - - - -- - St. Kitts and Nevis - - - - _ _ 34.0 St. Lucia - - - - - - 18.5 St. Vincent - - - - -- -- 20.1 Suriname - - - - - - 36.5 Trinidad and Tobago 96 - 89 53 90 15.0 Turks and Caicos Islands - - - -- - - - United States 104 11 - 7 74 100 9.0 Uruguay 106 is 36 8 - - 20.0 Venezuela 94 13 55 9 - 82 33.0 Virgin Islands (U.S.) - - - - - - 20.0 : .$ ... ... ... ... .......... gg', R , n::::::.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . . . . . . . . . . R ,,,,. ,.,.,, .. e .RltSi RgnR:RR tR':g R', Part B. Country Profiles - 15 - Table B.1 National Indicators for Health Planning: Antigua and Barbuda Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Antigua and Total or Upper-middle Indicators Barbuda average Minimum Maximum income group Word Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 395 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollara) 1991 /b 4,430 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4.167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 73 51 Demiographic Population (millions) 1992 0.08 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 1.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 1.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 38 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 8 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 74 70 54 78 69 65 Median age of death 1990 - 55 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1.000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 20 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 132 268 Nutdtlonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children llow weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 16 -- Anemic pregnant women Ipercent below the norml 1970-1990- 58 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight Ipercent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specIfIc Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and parinatal 1985-90- - 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90 - 95, 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and servIces Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- - 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92 - 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 4.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 99 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 89 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 21 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 262 105 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 1 591 2 84 202 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 8.7 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 - Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 3.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures - 16 - Table B.2 National Indicators for Health Planning: Argentina Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Upper-middle Indicators Argentina average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollers) 1992 /a 200.282 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763 GNP per capia Idollars) 1991 /b 2,790 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b 114 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 87 71 29 87 73 51 Denographic Population (millions) 1992 33.1 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate leverage annual) 1985-92/a 1.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 yearn old (percentagel 1990 30 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 13 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 54 76 69 65 Median age of death 1990 72 55 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life yearn lost (per 1,000 people} 1990 /b 17 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 28 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 24 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 73 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 26 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 168 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 90 163 77 406 136 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 85 136 21 480 132 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age. percentagel 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percenti 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 16 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990 -- 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 6 10 6 20 10 14 Maried women using contraception (percentagel 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.9 1.8 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 107 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 530 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90- 59 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 50 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1.000 population 1988-92- 2.99 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.2 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 4.8 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 84 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 99 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by heaith staff Ipercentl 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 10,079 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1.702,t55 Per capita total heaith expenditure 1990 312 105 25 138 167 323 Total hesith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 9.6 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.7 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 11 591 2 84 202 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 0.3 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 -- Aid flows as percent of total heaith expenditure 1990 0.1 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total heaith expenditures. - 17 - Table B.3 National Indicators for Health Planning: Bahamas Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or High Indicators Bahamas average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollarsl 1992 /a 3,161 1,199,271 181 425.412 16,761.967 21,024,763 GNPper capita (dollarsl 1991 lb 11.750 2,411 370 11,750 21,425 4,167 Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 77 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.26 454 0.01 154 791 5,267 Population growth rate (average annuall 1985-92 /a 1.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 0.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.1 3.3 1.9 5.5 1.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 45 36 23 46 20 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 7 7 4 16 18 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 54 76 77 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 77 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 11 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 9 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 25 45 12 107 8 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 36 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 9 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 147 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 73 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 10 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 3 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 2 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 -- -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 12 35 14 64 14 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 6 14 Married women using contraception (parcentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 71 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adultsl 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 2.4 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for agel: Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- - 193 73 595 48 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 423 626 Injury 1985-90- - 95, 53 201 50 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 peoplel 1990 -- 92 8 335 21 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.30 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.50 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 2.9 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.3 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 4.2 2.6 0.8 5.0 8.3 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 86 71 41 99 81 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 87 75 31 99 77 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 99 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 177 46,660 133 19,871 1,481,069 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 688 105 25 138 1,875 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 9.0 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 5.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 3.4 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 0 591 2 84 4 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 0.0 1.3 0.1 8.5 -- -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.0 1.3 0.1 20.3 -- -- 'Each value refors to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 18 - Table B.4 National Indicators for Health Planning: Barbados Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Upper-middle Indicators Barbados average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 1,693 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 6,630 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 73 51 Demiographlc Population imillions) 1992 0.26 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 1.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 25 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 15 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Ufe expectancy at birth 1992 75 70 54 76 69 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life years lost Iper 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 3. Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 10 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 - 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women /15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 1 00,000 live births) 1 988/lb -- 136 21 480 132 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children ilow weight for height, percentage) 1960-91t -- 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 16 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 29 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease apacifMc Indicator Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- -- 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90 -- . 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and servIces Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0. 89 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 3.3 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 8.2 2.6 0,8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 91 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 87 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by heatth staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55 Health expanditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 108 46.660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 419 105 25 138 167 323 Total heafth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.3 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector heafth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 2 591 2 84 202 Aid flows per capita 1990 6.1 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 -- Aid flows as percent of total heafth expenditure 1990 1.5 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 19 - Table B.5 National Indicators for Health Planning: Belize Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Belize average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 la 442 1.199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 2,010 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b -- 100 7B 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb -- 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.19 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 2.6 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 4.5 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 41 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 69 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 41 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women 415-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 ;86 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height. percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed Ipercent) 1985-91' -- 41 4 75 20 -- Anemic pregniant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 65 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985/b -- 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception Ipercentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.65 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 2.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1.000 population 1985-90' 1.1 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 84 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 74 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 22 46,660 133 19.871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 118 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.8 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows lin millions of dollarsl 1990 2 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 12.8 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 10.8 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 'Each value refers to one particular but not specilied year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 20 - Table B.6 National Indicators for Health Planning: Bolivia Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Bolivia average Minimum Maximum income group Wodd Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 5,084 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 650 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4.167 Females with complete primary education Ipercentage) 1990 /b 78 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1 991 lb 52 71 29 87 53 51 DenmographIc Population Imillional 1992 7.5 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 2.5 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 4.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 43 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 5 7 4 16 8 9 Mortalhy Life expectancy at birth 1992 60 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 13 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 59 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 37 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 86 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 251 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 125 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 330 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women 15-59 years oldi 1990 269 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 480 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 38 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 2 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 75 41 4 75 20 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 36 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 15 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception Ipercentagel 1989 lb 30 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 335 92 8 335 112 142 Health infrastnucture and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.48 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.3 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 58 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 73 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff Ipercent) 1985 /b 36 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 247 46.660 133 19.871 53,170 1,702.455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 34 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development asslitance for heamth Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 37 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 5. 1 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 14.9 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993. Ia Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 21 - Table B.7 National Indicators for Health Planning: Brazil Latin America and the Caribbean Range for nrgion Total or Upper-middle Indicators Brazil average Minimum Maximum Income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /1 425,412 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089.768 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2.940 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,187 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 '04 97 Urbsn population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 76 71 29 87 73 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 154 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.2 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 35 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 7 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 66 70 54 76 69 65 Median age of death 1990 57 55 13 77 63 56 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peopil 1990 /b 26 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 35 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 57 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 179 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 69 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years oldl 1990 250 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 182 163 77 406 136 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 150 136 21 480 132 268 Nutrtional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 ' 29 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children (low weight ior height, percentage) 1980-91 ' 6 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 monthsl exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 ' 34 41 4 75 16 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 34 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth waight (percent) 1985 lb 8 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb 65 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.8 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specific Indlcatom Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Intectious diseases, maternal and parinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1965-90' -- 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 56 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 1.46 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.1 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1.000 population 1985-90' 3.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 75 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 83 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 73 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 33,445 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 222 105 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.4 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.8 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.6 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development assistance for heahth /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 84 591 2 84 202 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 0.6 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. la Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 22 - Table B.8 National Indicators for Health Planning: Canada North America Range for region Total or High Indicators Canada average Minimum Maximum Income group World Economic and soclial GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 565,787 6,470,609 5656787 5,904,822 16,761.967 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 20,440 22,063 20,440 22,240 21,425 4,167 Female, with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 lb 104 104 104 104 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 77 75 75 77 77 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 27.8 283.2 27.8 255.4 791 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 la 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 21 22 21 22 20 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 16 17 16 17 18 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 77 76 76 77 77 65 Median age of death 1990 76 76 76 76 77 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 9 11 9 11 11 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 8 10 8 10 9 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 7 9 7 9 8 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 33 31 31 33 36 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 9 11 9 11 9 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 146 156 146 157 147 234 Aduit mortality rate for women (1 5-59 years old) 1990 65 74 65 75 73 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- -- -- -- 10 268 Nutritional and heahth behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentagej 1980-91 - 5 2 2 5 3 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 1 2 1 2 2 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91' -- -- -- -- -- -- Anemic pregnant woman ipercent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 17 17 17 14 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1986 /b 6 7 6 7 6 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 74 74 74 71 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in aduits) 1990 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 19S5-90' 39 53 39 54 48 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 395 442 395 447 423 626 Injury 1985-90' 48 57 48 58 50 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 8 10 8 10 21 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 2.22 2.37 2.22 2.38 2.50 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 4.7 3.0 2.8 4.7 2.3 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 16.1 6.4 5.3 16.1 8.3 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 85 68 67 85 81 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 85 60 80 85 77 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 99 100 99 100 99 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollarsl 1990 51,594 742,261 51,594 690,667 1,481,069 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 1,945 2,683 1,945 2,763 1,875 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 9.1 9.5 9.1 12.7 9.0 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.8 5.7 5.6 6.8 5.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 6.5 2.4 7.0 3.4 3.2 Davelopment assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 -- -- -- -- 4 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- -- -- -- -- -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators. World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 23 - Table B.9 National Indicators for Health Planning: Chile Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middl Indicators Chile average Minimum Maximum hicome group World Economic and social GNP fmillions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 37,064 1,199,271 181 426,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita Idollars) 1991 /b 2,160 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education lpercentage) 1990 /b 97 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 86 71 29 87 63 51 Demographic iPopulation Imilkons 19932 13.6 464 0.01 154 872 6,267 Population growth rate (average annuall 1985-92 /a 1.7 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.6 3.3 1.9 6.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 31 38 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentaige) 1990 9 7 4 18 8 9 Mortaity Life expectancy at birth 1992 73 70 64 76 67 66 Median age of death 1990 69 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years loat (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 13 22 10 a9 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 14 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 18 46 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 155 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 20 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (16-59 years old) 1990 214 228 134 413 229 234 Aduit mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 112 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate /per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 55 138 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children flow height for age, percentage) 1980-91 10 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children liow weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 1 6 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 20 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight lpercent) 1985 /b 7 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb -- 54 10 es 52 6S Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.6 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseaaes, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 131 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 444 494 385 630 694 626 Injury 1985-90' 88 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 67 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.46 1.26 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 3.3 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 91 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 93 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 97 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 2,017 46,660 133 19,871 53.170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 163 106 26 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.3 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.9 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance lor health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 10 591 2 84 536 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 0.7 1.3 0.1 8.6 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.5 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specifiod year within the time pariod denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A hI the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: Worid Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total heaith expenditures. - 24 - Table B.10 National Indicators for Health Planning: Colombia Latin America nd the Caribbean Range for region Mddl and Total or lower-middie Indicators Colombla average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonic and social GNP (milliona of exchange rate dollara) 1992 /a 44,555 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106.827 21,024,783 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,260 2,411 370 11,7W0 1,680 4,167 Females with complete primary education (pereentage) 1990 lb 111 100 78 114 98 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 71 71 29 87 53 61 Demographic Population Imillions) 1992 33.4 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.7 3a3 1 5.6 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 18 8 9 Monarty Life expectancy at birth 1992 73 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 66 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 11 22 10 6S 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 33 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 18 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 132 181 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 21 60 12 1568 53 98 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 yearn oldl 1990 200 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 yearn oldl 1990 109 183 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthe) 1988 /b 130 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritlonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 23 26 7 67 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 1 6 0 17 7 12 Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1988-91 - 40 41 4 76 20 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 24 35 14 84 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 16 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 68 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year ikilograms per capita in edultal 1990 2.0 1.6 0.9 4.6 3.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicator Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' - 494 385 530 594 826 Injury 1985-90' - 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosia (per 100,000 people) 1990 67 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructur and services Doctorn per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.87 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.36 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 84 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-meascls 1991-1992- 75 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff Ipercent) 1986 /b 51 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 2,116 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 865 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.0 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development asmistance for health Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 26 591 2 84 636 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 0.8 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 1.2 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 - 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 25 - Table B.11 National Indicators for Health Planning: Costa Rica Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Coats Rica average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonic and *acid GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,261 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 1,850 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990/b 101 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 48 71 29 87 53 51 Demographlc Population (millions) 1992 3.1 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.5 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3.1 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old ipercentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 a 7 4 16 8 9 MortalIty Life expectancy at birth 1992 76 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peopiel 1990 /b - 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 14 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 111 161 49 251 ,S7 19S Under 5 mortality rate 1990 16 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 yearn oldl 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 18 136 21 480 166 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 a 8 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 3 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 20 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 9 10 6 20 11 14 Maried women using contraception {percentagel 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease speclflc Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90- -- 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 peoplel 1990 - _ 92 8 335 112 142 Health infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 1.04 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 198-928- 0.5 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 2.6 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 90 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 96 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 93 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 523 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1.702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 186 105 25 138 78 323 Total heahth expenditure as s percentage of GDP 1990 9.2 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.6 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 4 591 2 84 636 - Aid flows per capita 1990 1.6 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.8 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 20 - Table B. 12 National Indicators for Health Planning: Cuba Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Lower Indicators Cuba average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a -- 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,066,401 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b -- 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 98 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 40 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 10.8 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 1.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 23 36 23 46 35 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 12 7 4 16 7 9 Mortallty Life expectancy at birth 1992 76 70 54 76 61 65 Median age of death 1990 77 55 13 77 42 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 69 22 10 69 82 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 17 33 14 43 49 40 Intant mortality rate 1992 12 45 12 107 66 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 49 161 49 251 224 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 12 60 12 156 101 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 134 228 134 413 261 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 95 163 77 406 211 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 375 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 51 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 1 5 0 17 14 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 28 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 52 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 17 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 41 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 4.5 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' 73 193 73 595 264 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 472 494 385 530 713 626 Injury 1985-90' 82 95 53 201 92 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 10 92 8 335 191 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 3.75 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 1.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 5.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 99 71 41 99 83 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 99 75 31 99 81 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 36 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 -- 46,660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455 Pea capita total health expenditure 1990 -- 105 25 138 14 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2 Development assistance for health Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 3 591 2 84 1.980 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 0.3 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6 - Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 -- 'Each value refetrs to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 27 - Table B.13 National Indicators for Health Planning: Dominica Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Dominica average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 181 1,199,271 181 425,412 1o10e,627 21.024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 1,440 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4.167 Female. with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb -- 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.07 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate leverage annual) 1985-92 /a 1.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.5 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 yearn old (percentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over Ipercentagel 1990 11 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 - 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 18 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 - 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritlonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1960-91 -- 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1 986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 28 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.32 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 8.2 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 4.1 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 98 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 98 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 14 46,660 133 19,871 53.170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 191 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.6 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 2 591 2 84 536 - Aid flows per capita 1990 27.9 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 - Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 14.6 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report. 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - MS - Table 9.14 National Indicators for lHealth Planning: Dominican Republic Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Dominican Total or lower-middle Indicators Republic average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 7,611 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,827 21,024,783 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 940 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Female, with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 96 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 61 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 7.3 454 0.01 154 672 65267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.2 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3a3 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentagel 1990 37 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 8 9 Mortalty Life expectancy at birth 1992 68 70 54 76 67 66 Median age of death 1990 49 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1 990 /b 41 22 10 89 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 35 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 57 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 149 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 56 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 212 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 147 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 56 136 21 480 186 268 NutrItional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentagel 1980-91 - 19 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 ' 1 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 42 41 4 76 20 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 16 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb 56 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1 1 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specIflc Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' 206 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 443 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90- 88 95 53 201 81 84 Annual Incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.08 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 2.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 47 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measlae 1991-1992' 69 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 57 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 417 46,660 133 19,871 53.170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 59 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.6 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 11 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 1.5 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 2.6 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. Is Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 29 - Table B.1 5 National Indicators for Health Planning: Ecuador Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Ecuador average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and socala GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 11,843 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21.024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 1,000 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 57 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 11.0 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.4 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 39 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over Iparcentage1 1990 6 7 4 16 8 9 Mortalty Life expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 57 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 21 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 37 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 33 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 174 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 42 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 218 228 134 413 229 234 AduRt mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 157 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 220 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and healh behavor Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 39 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 4 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastled (percent) 1986-91 - 54 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 46 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 10 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 53 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90' 210 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 448 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' 119 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 166 92 8 335 '12 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.04 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 198b-92' 0.3 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.7 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.8 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 89 71 41 99 60 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 54 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 27 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditurm Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 402 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,456 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 39 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector heahh expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 31 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 3.0 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 - Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 7.6 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. Is Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 30 - Table B.16 National Indicators for Health Planning: El Salvador Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators E Salvador average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonidc and social GNP Imillions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,183 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita /dollara) 1991 /b 1,080 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females wIth complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 78 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 45 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (mIllions) 1992 6.4 454 0.01 164 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 ia 1.5 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 4.3 3.3 1.9 6.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 44 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 8 9 Mortalty Life expectancy at birth 1992 89 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 32 56 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peopbl 1990 /b 22 22 10 69 39 34 Parinatal mortality rate 1990 39 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 43 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 188 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 52 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 318 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 217 163 77 406 144 169 Materal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b 74 136 21 480 186 268 NutritIonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 36 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentagel 1980-91 6 5 0 17 7 12 Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 14 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 15 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb 47 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 202 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1905-90- 385 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90- 201 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 0.64 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 1.5 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 1.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 60 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 53 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 35 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 300 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 58 105 25 138 78 323 Total heatth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.9 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.3 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for heatth /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 44 591 2 84 536 -- Aid flws per capita 1990 8.5 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 14.7 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- *Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwlse stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: Wordd Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 31 - Table B.17 National Indicators for Health Planning: Grenada Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Grenada average Minimum Maximum Income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 210 1,199,271 191 425.412 1,106,627 21,024,783 GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 2,180 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b - 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.09 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate laverage annuall 1985-92 /a -0.2 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 35 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 10 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 67 6S Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b - 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 29 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 *- 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years oldI 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women 415-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- - 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91' -- 5 0 17 7 12 Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 63 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent( 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 DIsease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- - 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' - 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.47 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.36 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 3.7 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1905-90' 6.9 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 85 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 96 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff Ipercentl 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 12 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 136 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.3 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure ass percentage of GDP 1990 1.8 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollarsa 1990 0 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 4.7 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 3.4 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 - 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 32 - Table B.18 National Indicators for Health Planning: Guatemala Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Guatemala average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 9,568 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita Idollar) 1991 /b 930 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 40 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 9.7 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 5.5 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 45 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 5 7 4 16 8 9 Mortalty Life expectancy at birth 1992 64 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 23 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 24 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 40 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 63 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 205 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 84 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 287 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 227 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate Iper 100.000 live births) 1988 /b 110 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 57 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 13 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 10 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception ipercentage) 1989 /b 23 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year lkilograms per capita in adults)i 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' 595 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 523 494 385 530 5.94 626 Injury 1985-90' 113 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100.000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.44 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 2.5 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.7 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 63 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 48 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 19 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 306 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1.702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 33 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 32 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 3.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 10.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. Is Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - *33 - Table B.19 National Indicators for Health Planning: Guyana Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Lower Indicators Guyana average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 268 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,066.401 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 430 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 98 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 40 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.8 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.6 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 35 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 7 9 Mortality Life expectancy at binh 1992 65 70 54 76 61 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 42 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 lb -- 22 10 69 82 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 49 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 48 45 12 107 66 62 Under 5 monality rate 1960 - 161 49 251 224 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 101 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 261 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 211 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 375 268 Nutritionsl and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91* -- 26 7 57 51 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91t -- 5 0 17 14 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percentl 1986-91t -- 41 4 75 28 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 58 35 14 64 52 42 Babies with low birth weight (percentl 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 17 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 41 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 264 187 Non-communicable diseaseos 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 713 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 92 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 191 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1.000 population 1988-92' 0.16 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 2.3 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4 Hospital beds per 1.000 population 1985-90' 2.2 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 81 71 41 99 83 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 76 75 31 99 81 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 36 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 32 46,660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455 Par capita total health expenditure 1990 40 105 25 138 14 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 10.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.8 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2 Development asslstance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 15 591 2 84 1.980 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 18.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 45.8 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the Worid Development Report, 1993. Ia Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 34 - Table B.20 National Indicators for Health Planning: Haiti Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Lower Indicators Haiti average Minimum Maximum Income group World EconomIc and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 2,479 1,199.271 181 425,412 1.068,401 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 370 2,411 370 11,750 368 4,167 Females with complete primary education ipercentage) 1990/b -- 100 78 114 98 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 29 71 29 87 40 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 6.7 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 1.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fenility rate 1992 4.8 3.3 1.9 6.5 3.9 3a4 Population under 15 yearn old (percentage) 1990 40 36 23 4B 35 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 7 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 54 70 54 76 61 66 Median age of death 1990 18 55 13 77 42 55 Annual rate of life years Iont (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 45 22 10 69 82 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 43 33 14 43 49 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 107 45 12 107 66 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 221 161 49 251 224 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 156 60 12 156 101 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 413 228 134 413 261 234 Aduit mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 406 163 77 406 211 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 340 136 21 480 375 268 Nutitlonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1 980-91 - 51 26 7 57 51 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 17 5 0 17 14 12 Children 40-3 months) exclusively breactfed (percent) 1 986-91 - 41 4 75 28 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 64 36 14 64 52 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 17 10 6 20 17 14 Manied women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 11 64 10 66 41 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in aduits) 1990 . 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9 Disease specific IndIcators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 264 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 713 626 Injury 1985-90- - 95 53 201 92 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 333 92 8 335 191 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 0.14 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 0.8 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 41 71 41 99 83 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 31 75 31 99 81 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 20 60 19 97 36 55 Heatth expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 173 46.660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 27 105 25 138 14 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.2 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.8 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollarsl 1990 33 591 2 84 1,980 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 5. 1 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 19.0 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 35 - Table B.21 National Indicators for Health Planning: Honduras Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Lower Indicators Honduras average Minimum Maximum income group Worid Econonic and soalc GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 3,142 119,271 181 425,412 1,066,401 21,024.763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 580 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 109 100 78 114 98 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 45 71 29 87 40 51 DemographIc Population (millionsl 1992 5.4 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 3.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 5.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percantage) 1990 45 36 23 46 35 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentagel 1990 5 7 4 16 7 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 67 70 54 76 61 65 Median age of death 1990 23 55 13 77 42 55 Annual rate of life years aost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 27 22 10 69 82 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 39 33 14 43 49 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 49 45 12 107 66 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 203 161 49 251 224 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 62 60 12 156 101 96 Adult mortality rate for men (16-59 years old) 1990 220 228 134 413 261 234 Aduit mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 162 163 77 406 211 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988/b 82 136 21 480 375 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 34 26 7 57 51 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 2 5 0 17 14 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 28 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- - 35 14 64 52 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 20 10 6 20 17 14 Married women using contreception (percentage) 1989 /b 41 54 10 66 41 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinetal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 264 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- - 494 385 530 713 626 Injury 1985-90- - 95 53 201 92 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100.000 people) 1990 133 92 8 335 191 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctorn per 1,000 population 1988-92- 0.32 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 1.0 0.5 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 1.1 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6 Percent of children under one year Immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 94 71 41 99 83 80 Percent of children under one year Immunized-measles 1991-1992' 86 75 31 99 81 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 50 60 19 97 36 55 Health expenditur Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 331 46,660 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 65 105 25 138 14 323 Total health expenditure ass percentage of GDP 1990 5.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentaae of GDP 1990 2.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 1.7 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentsae of GDP 1990 2.8 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 20 591 2 84 1.980 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 4.0 1.3 0o1 8.5 0.6 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 6.1 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the Worid Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 36 - Table B.22 National Indicators for Health Planning: Jamaica Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Jamaica average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 la 3.216 119,271 181 425.412 1.106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,380 2,411 370 11,750 1.580 4.i67 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 105 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 53 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 2.4 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rste (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.8 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.7 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 34 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 9 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Ufe expectancy at birth 1992 74 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 39 34 Parinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 14 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 - 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988/b 115 136 21 480 186 268 NutrItIonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 7 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 6 5 0 17 7 12 Children i0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent( 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 62 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 8 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 55 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Dlssase specific IndIcatos Mortality ratas due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious disease, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90 -- 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructur end services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92S 0.48 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 3.2 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 2.4 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 83 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 68 76 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff Ipercentl 1985 /b 89 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions ol exchange rate dollars) 1990 200 46,660 133 19.871 53.170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 83 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.4 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.7 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development nassitanca for heahh /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollarsl 1990 19 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 7.8 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 9.5 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 37 - Table B.23 National Indicators for Health Planning: Mexico Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Totel or Upper-middle Indicators Mexico average Minimum Maximum income group Worid Econorric and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 294,831 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763 GNP per capita Idollars) 1991 lb 3,030 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 110 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 73 71 29 87 73 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 85.0 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 yeats old (percentage) 1990 37 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 69 65 Median age of death 1990 60 55 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 lb 15 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 30 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 33 45 12 107 33 62 Under 6 mortality rate 1960 148 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 38 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 212 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate lor women 115-59 years old) 1990 164 163 77 406 136 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 lb 92 136 21 480 132 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 22 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 6 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 44 41 4 75 16 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 41 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 15 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb 53 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.0 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specific indicator Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- 168 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 490 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90 102 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92 0.54 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 1.3 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 64 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 78 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 9,389 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 112 105 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.9 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.4 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development asslstance for health Ic Total aid (lows (in millions ol dollars) 1990 65 591 2 84 202 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 0.8 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.7 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 38 - Table B.24 National Indicators for Health Planning: Nicaragua Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Lower Indicators Nicaragua average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 1,325 1,199.271 181 425.412 1,066,401 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 340 2,411 370 11,750 358 4,167 Females with complete primary education ipercentage) 1990 /b 101 100 78 114 98 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 60 71 29 87 40 51 Demographic Population Imillions) 1992 3.9 454 0.01 154 3,122 5,267 Popuiation growth rate laverage annuall 1985-92 Is 3.4 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 5.4 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 46 38 23 46 35 32 Population 60 years old and over (pereentage) 1990 4 7 4 16 7 9 Mortaity Ufe expectancy at birth 1992 62 70 54 76 61 65 Median age of death 1990 13 56 13 77 42 55 Annual rate of life yearn lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 lb 10 22 10 69 82 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 35 33 14 43 49 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 77 45 12 107 66 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 191 161 49 251 224 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 106 60 12 156 101 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 283 228 134 413 261 234 Adult mortaly rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 264 163 77 406 211 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 65 136 21 480 375 268 Nutritional and heiath behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 22 26 7 57 51 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 0 6 0 17 14 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 28 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990 -- 35 14 64 52 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 lb 15 10 6 20 17 14 Maried women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 41 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.7 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 264 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90 -- 494 385 530 713 626 Injury 1985-90- - 96 63 201 92 84 Annual Incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100.000 people) 1990 110 92 8 335 191 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 0.60 1.25 0.14 3.75 0.71 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.5 0.6 0.1 2.5 1.8 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 1.8 2.6 0.8 5.0 1.7 3.6 Percent of children under one year lmmunized-DPT3 1991-1992 71 71 41 99 83 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 54 76 31 99 81 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 36 55 Hoalth expenditure Total health expenditure lin millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 120 4,6860 133 19,871 41,265 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 31 105 25 138 14 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.0 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public aector health expenditum as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.7 2,4 1.2 8.7 1.7 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.3 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.4 3.2 Development essdatance for health Ie Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 27 591 2 84 1,980 Aid flows per capita 1990 6.9 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.6 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 22.2 1.3 0.1 20.3 6.1 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented hem ame derived from appendix A In the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1 993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. hb Source: World Development Indicators, Worid Development Report, 1993. Ic Aid flows am a part of total health expenditures. - 39 - Table 8.25 National Indicators for Health Planning: Panama Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Panama average Minimum Maximum income oroup World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,133 1.199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2,130 2,411 370 11,750 1,680 4,167 Females with complete primary education ipercentage) 1990 /b 105 100 78 114 98 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 54 71 29 87 53 51 DemographIc Population Imillions) 1992 2.6 464 0.01 154 672 6,267 Population growth rate (average annuall 1986-92 /s 2.1 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.9 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old Ipercentage) 1990 35 36 23 46 38 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 7 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 73 70 54 76 67 e5 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 56 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b - 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 - 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 21 45 12 107 41 82 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 105 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 22 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 yearn old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 60 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- - 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 8 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 - 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific IndIcatos Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perlnatal 1985-90 - 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- - 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90- 95, 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosls (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.19 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92- 0.9 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90- 3.2 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.8 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 82 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 80 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 83 60 19 97 e0 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 417 46,880 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 173 105 25 138 78 323 Total heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 8.7 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.5 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 15 591 2 84 538 Aid flows per capita 1990 6.1 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 3.5 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specHied year wIhin the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here ae derived from appendix A hi the Stetbltbcal Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /s Source: World Bank Atlas. Ib Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 40 - Table B.26 National Indicators for Health Planning: Paraguay Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Paraguay average Minimum Maximum Income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 6,038 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNPpercapita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,270 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education Ipercentagel 1990 /b 106 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 48 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population Imillions) 1992 4t5 454 0,01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 3.2 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 4.7 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old lpercentage) 1990 41 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 5 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 70 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 42 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost iper 1,000 people) 1990 /b 32 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 37 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 31 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 92 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 37 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 261 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 210 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate Iper 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 469 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 17 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 0 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively broeastfed (percent) 1986-91 -- 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 63 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 6 10 6 20 11 14 Married women uaing contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 48 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific IndIcatos Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' - 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 166 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.62 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 17 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3. 6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 79 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 74 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 22 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 244 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 57 105 25 138 78 323 Total heaith expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.5 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.2 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.3 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 10 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 2.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 - Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 4.2 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total heatth expenditures. - 41 - Table B.27 National Indicators for Health Planning: Peru Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators Peru average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonilc and social GNP /millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 21,272 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 1,070 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 71 71 29 87 53 51 DaFnographlc Population (millions) 1992 22.4 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 la 2.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 38 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 6 7 4 18 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 65 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 47 56 13 77 62 66 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 28 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 40 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 57 45 12 107 41 62 Under S mortality rate 1960 233 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 73 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 272 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 221 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 310 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 37 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentagel 1980-91 ' 2 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1 986-91 - 58 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 53 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 lb 9 10 6 20 11 14 Maried women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 DIseas specifc Indidcatos Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90' 327 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 392 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' 53 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 250 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and servics Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 1.03 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 19S8-92- 0.9 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 1.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 71 71 41 99 80 S0 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 59 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 55 60 19 97 60 55 Heatth axpenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 1,280 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 59 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as s percentage of GDP 1990 1.1 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.0 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for halth Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 29 591 2 84 536 - Aid flows per capita 1990 1.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 2.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the Worid Development Report, 1 993. /s Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report. 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 42 - Table B.28 National Indicators for Health Planning: Puerto Rico Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Puerto Total or Upper-middle Indicators Rico average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic mnd social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 23,603 1,199,271 181 425.412 2,089,768 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 6.350 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 75 71 29 87 73 51 Demog rphlc Population (millions) 1992 4.0 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 0.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 26 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 14 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Ufe expectancy at birth 1992 76 70 54 76 69 65 Median age of death 1990 75 55 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 10 22 10 69 20 34 Perinstal mortality rate 1990 18 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 13 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 70 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 monrtality rate 1990 15 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 155 228 134 413 240 234 Adult monality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 77 163 77 406 '36 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b 21 136 21 480 132 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 -- 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 months( exclusively broeatfed (percent) 1986-91' -- 41 4 75 16 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- - 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1969 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specific IndIcatos Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for agel: Infectious diseases, matemal end perinatal 1985-90- 78 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 447 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90' 59 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 8 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 2.55 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' - 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 4.0 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' -- 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' -- 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 -- 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 -- 105 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 -- 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 -- 591 2 84 202 Aid flows per capita 1990 -- 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993. Is Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators. World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 43 - Table B.29 National Indicators for Health Planning: St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region St. Kitts Total or Upper-middle Indicators and Nevis average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 181 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 3.960 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b -- 71 29 87 73 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.04 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a -0.4 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.6 3.3 1.9 5.6 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 30 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 20 7 4 16 11 9 Mortalty Life expectancy at birth 1992 68 70 54 76 69 65 Median age of death 1990 - 55 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 - 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 34 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 - 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men i15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 132 268 NutritIonal and health behavior Stunted children jlow height for age, percentagae 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 6 12 Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 16 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 57 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year Ikilograms per capita in aduhts) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100.000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90' 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.44 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 7.0 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 5.5 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 99 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 99 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff Ipercentl 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure lin millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 11 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1,702,455 Per capita total health expeniditure 1990 263 105 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.4 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.3 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 3.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Developneent assistance for health Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 1 591 2 84 202 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 29.9 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 11.4 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 44 - Table B.30 National Indicators for Health Planning: St. Lucia Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators St. Lucia average Minimum Maximum income group World Economie and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollarsl 1992 /a 453 1,199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 /b 2,490 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b - 71 29 87 53 61 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.15 454 0.01 154 672 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 1.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3.0 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 yeara old (percentage) 1990 41 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentagel 1990 9 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 71 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 19 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Aduht mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 19B8 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 7 12 Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women ipercent below the norm) 1970-1990' 22 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight ipercent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Diease specific IndIcatos Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 1 00,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.26 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 6.5 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 4.1 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992- 98 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 98 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 lb -- 60 19 97 60 55 Health expendiure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 27 46,660 133 19.871 53,170 1,702,455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 179 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GOP 1990 7.6 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.0 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 0 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 2.4 1.3 0.1 8.5 1.3 - Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 1.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 3.6 Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. la Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Sourcea: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 45 - Table B.31 National Indicators for Health Planning: St. Vincent Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Middle and Total or lower-middle Indicators St. Vincent average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 217 1.199,271 181 425,412 1,106,627 21,024,763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 1,730 2,411 370 11,750 1,580 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentagel 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 96 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b - 71 29 87 53 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.11 454 0.01 154 672 6,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 0.9 2.0 -1.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.5 3.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 35 36 23 46 36 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 8 7 4 16 8 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 71 70 54 76 67 65 Median age of death 1990 -- 55 13 77 52 56 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 39 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 34 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 20 45 12 107 41 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 167 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 53 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 229 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 144 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100.000 live births) 1988 /b -- 136 21 480 186 268 Nutritlonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91- -- 26 7 57 31 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91- -- 5 0 17 7 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 20 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 20 35 14 64 39 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 11 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 52 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adutts) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 3.8 1.9 Disease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' -- 193 73 595 128 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 594 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 81 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 peoplel 1990 -- 92 8 335 112 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.23 1.25 0.14 3.75 1.35 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1980-92' 12.1 0.5 0.1 2.5 2.7 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 4.9 2.6 0.8 5.0 4.5 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 99 71 41 99 80 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 99 75 31 99 78 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 60 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 12 46,660 133 19,871 53,170 1,702,465 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 110 105 25 138 78 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 6.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 3.9 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.0 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.2 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 Development assistance for health Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 0 591 2 84 536 Aid flows per capita 1990 2.7 1 3 0.1 8.5 1.3 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 2.5 1.3 0 1 20.3 3.6 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 46 - Table 8.32 National Indicators for Health Planning: Suriname Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Total or Upper-middle Indicators Suriname average Minimum Maximum income group World Econonmc and socil GNP Imillions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 la 1,728 1,199,271 181 425,412 2,089,768 21,024.763 GNP per capita (dollarsl 1991 lb 3,630 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4.167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b -- 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb -- 71 29 87 73 51 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 0.40 454 0.01 154 604 5,267 Population growth rate {average annual) 1986-92 /s 2.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.8 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 36 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 7 7 4 16 11 9 Mortallty Ufe expectancy at birth 1992 69 70 54 76 69 65 Median age of death 1990 - 55 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 37 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 -- 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 -- 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169 Matemal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b - 136 21 480 132 268 Nutdtilonal and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children (low weight ibr height, percentage) 1980-91 -- 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91- -- 41 4 75 16 Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norml 1970-1990' -- 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b -- 54 10 66 64 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in aduitsl 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Discuss specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90 -- 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- -- 494 385 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90 -- 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 79 142 Heasth Infrastnuctum snd ssrvics Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92' 0.79 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 3.1 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 4.7 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 83 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 65 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b -- 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 75 46,660 133 19,871 100.458 1,702.455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 168 105 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as s percentage oi GDP 1990 5.2 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 1.2 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.0 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollarsl 1990 2 591 2 84 202 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 3.8 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 -- Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 2.3 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 47 - Table B.33 National Indicators for Health Planning: Trinidad and Tobago Latin America and the Caribbean Range for region Tdrinadad Total or Upper-middle Indicators and Tobago average Minimum Maximum income group Worid Econonic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 4,995 1,199,271 181 425,412 2.089,768 21,024,783 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 3,670 2,411 370 11,750 3,469 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 96 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 70 71 29 87 73 61 Demographic Population Imillionsl 1992 1.3 454 0.01 154 604 6,267 Population growth rate laverage annual) 1985-92 /a 1.3 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.8 3.3 1.9 5.6 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 34 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 8 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 71 70 54 76 69 86 Median age of death 1990 - 55 13 77 63 56 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 peoplel 1990 /b -- 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 -- 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 15 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 73 161 49 251 148 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 24 60 12 156 42 98 Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 -- 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 -- 163 77 406 136 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birthsl 1988 /b 89 136 21 480 132 288 Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children (low height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 4 26 7 57 26 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 ' 5 5 0 17 6 12 Children (0-3 monthsl exclusively breastfed (percent) 1986-91 - 22 41 4 75 16 - Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 53 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b -- 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb 53 54 10 66 64 58 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 -- 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specific Indlcators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90- - 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1905-90' -- 494 365 530 575 626 Injury 1985-90' -- 95 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 -- 92 8 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1 988-92' 1.04 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 19B8-92' 2.8 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 3.8 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 82 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 70 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 90 60 19 97 72 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 248 46,660 133 19,871 100,458 1.702.455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 200 105 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.1 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GOP 1990 2.9 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.6 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development assistance for health Ic Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 1 591 2 84 202 - Aid flows per capita 1990 1.1 1.3 0.1 85 0o5 - Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.6 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 - 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993, /a Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 48 - Table B.34 National Indicators for Health Planning: United States North America Range for region United Total or High Indicators States average Minimum Maximum income group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 5,904,822 6,470,609 565,787 5.904,822 16,761,967 21.024.763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 lb 22,240 22,063 20,440 22,240 21,425 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 104 104 104 104 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 lb 75 75 75 77 77 51 Demographtc Population (millions) 1992 255.4 283.2 27.8 255.4 791 5,267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 la 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 22 22 21 22 20 32 Population 60 years old and over (percentage) 1990 17 17 16 17 18 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 76 76 76 77 77 65 Median age of death 1990 76 76 76 76 77 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 11 11 9 11 11 34 Perinstal mortality rate 1990 10 10 8 10 9 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 9 9 7 9 8 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 33 31 31 33 36 195 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 11 11 9 11 9 96 Adult mortality rate for men 115-59 years old) 1990 157 156 146 157 147 234 Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 75 74 65 75 73 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 1 00,000 live births) 1988 lb --- -10 268 Nutritlonal and heahh behavior Stunted children llow height Jor age, percentage) 1980-91 2 2 2 5 3 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 2 2 1 2 2 12 Children (0-3 months) exclusively breastfed (pereantl 1986-91 -- -- -- -- -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990' 17 17 17 17 14 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 7 7 6 7 6 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 /b 74 74 74 74 71 56 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 1.9 Dlsease specific Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death desths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal 1985-90' 54 53 39 54 48 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90' 447 442 395 447 423 626 Injury 1985-90' 58 57 48 58 50 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 10 10 8 10 21 142 Heatth Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1986-92' 2.38 2.37 2.22 2.38 2.50 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 2.8 3.0 2.8 4.7 2.3 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90' 5.3 6.4 5.3 16.1 8.3 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 67 68 67 85 81 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992' 80 80 80 85 77 79 Births attended by health staff (percent) 1985 /b 100 100 99 100 99 55 Health expenditure Total health expenditure (in millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 690,667 742,261 51,594 690,667 1,481,069 1,702,455 Per capita total heaith expenditure 1990 2,763 2.683 1,945 2,763 1,875 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 12.7 9.5 9.1 12.7 9.0 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 5.6 5.7 5.6 6.8 5.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 7.0 6.5 2.4 7.0 3.4 3.2 Development assistance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 -- -- -- -- 4 -- Aid flows per capita 1990 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 -- -- -- -- -- 'Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here are derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. /a Source: World Bank Atlas. /b Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - 49 - Table B.35 National Indicators for Health Planning: Uruguay Latin Americe nd the Caribbean Rine for reion Total or Upper-middle Indicators UrUgumy *verage Minimum Maximum income roup Worid Economic and social GNP Imillions ot exchange rate dollars) 1992 /a 10.444 1.199.271 11 426.412 2.089.760 21.024.783 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2.840 2,411 370 11,760 3.489 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 100 100 70 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b S 71 n 07 73 61 Demographic Population (millions) 1992 3.1 454 0.01 1C4 004 5,607 Population growth rate (average annual) 1965-92 /a 0.0 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.0 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 2.3 3.3 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 yeara old (percentage) 1990 26 38 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old end over (percentage) 1990 l 7 4 16 11 9 Mortality Life expectancy at birth 1992 74 70 64 76 e9 s6 Median age of death 1990 73 S6 13 77 63 55 Annual rate of life years lost (per 1.000 people) 1990 lb 13 22 10 09 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 17 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 22 46 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 5G 161 49 261 148 196 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 23 60 12 156 42 96 Adult mortality rate for men 115-5S years old) 1990 194 226 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate ior women (15-59 yeas old 1990 101 163 77 406 136 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100.000 live birthsl 1988 lb S6 136 21 490 132 266 Nutritional and heahh behavior Stunted children llow height for age, percentage) 1980-91 118 26 7 67 26 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 5 0 17 0 12 Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 19B8-91 - 41 4 75 16 - Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990 - 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b a 10 0 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1969 lb 54 10 66 64 se Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capIta in adults) 1990 - 1.6 0.9 4.5 1.8 1.9 Disease specific indlcators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1986-90- 96 193 73 595 93 187 Non-communicable diseasee 1985-90- 519 494 386 630 676 626 Injury 1985-90 67 96 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100.000 people) 1990 16 92 6 335 79 142 Health Infrastructure and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92 2.90 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.2S 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92 0.2 0.6 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985.90- 4.6 2.6 0.8 5.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 86 71 41 99 71 80 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 82 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staff Ipercent) 1985 lb so is 97 72 Ss Health expenditure Total health expenditure lin millions of exchange rate dollar) 1990 380 468,60 133 19.871 100.458 1.702.455 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 123 106 25 138 167 323 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.6 4.0 2.5 8.6 4.1 8.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.6 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 2.1 1.a 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Daveloprnent asalstance for health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 5 591 2 84 202 Aid flows per capita 1990 1.7 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 1.4 1.3 0.1 20.3 O S 'Each value refers to one particular but not apecified year within the tim period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented hare are derived from appendix A In the Statistica Appendix of the World Development Report, 1993. la Source: World Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators. World Development Report. 1993. /c Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. - so - Table 8.36 National Indicators for Health Planning: Venezuela Latin America and the Ca_bbean Range lor region Total or Upper-middle Indicators Venezuela average Min9num Maximum licoms group World Economic and social GNP (millions of exchange rate dollarsi 1992 /a 68,916 1.199,271 181 426,412 2.089,768 21.024.763 GNP per capita (dollars) 1991 /b 2.730 2.411 370 11,760 3,469 4,167 Females with complete primary education (percentage) 1990 /b 94 100 78 114 104 97 Urban population as a percentage of total population 1991 /b 85 71 29 87 73 51 DemographIc Population Imillions) 1992 20.2 464 0.01 164 004 5.267 Population growth rate (average annual) 1985-92 /a 2.7 2.0 -1.4 3.1 1.6 1.7 Total fertility rate 1992 3.6 3.3 1.9 6.5 2.9 3.4 Population under 15 years old (percentage) 1990 38 36 23 46 31 32 Population 60 years old and over ipercentage) 1990 6 7 4 16 11 9 Mortaliy Life expectancy at birth 1992 72 70 64 70 69 a6 Median age of death 1990 62 55 13 77 63 65 Annual rate of life years logt (per 1,000 people) 1990 /b 12 22 10 69 20 34 Perinatal mortality rate 1990 26 33 14 43 28 40 Infant mortality rate 1992 22 45 12 107 33 62 Under 5 mortality rate 1960 78 161 49 261 146 1S6 Under 5 mortality rate 1990 26 60 12 156 42 9t Adult mortality rate for men (15-59 years old) 1990 196 228 134 413 240 234 Adult mortality rate for women 115-59 years old) 1990 106 153 77 406 136 169 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1988 lb 6S 138 21 4.0 132 26S Nutritional and health behavior Stunted children flow height for age, percentage) 1980-91 - 7 26 7 67 28 42 Wasted children (low weight for height, percentage) 1980-91 - 4 5 0 17 6 12 Children 10-3 months) exclusively breastfed (percent) 1 986-91 -- 41 4 75 16 -- Anemic pregnant women (percent below the norm) 1970-1990- 29 35 14 64 34 42 Babies with low birth weight (percent) 1985 /b 9 10 6 20 10 14 Married women using contraception (percentage) 1989 lb - 54 10 66 64 S6 Tobacco consumption per year (kilograms per capita in adults) 1990 1.5 1.6 0.9 4.6 1.8 1.9 Disease speclflc Indicators Mortality rates due to major causes of death deaths per 100,000 population, standardized for age): Infectious diseases, matemal and perinatal 1985-90- 161 193 73 596 93 187 Non-communicable diseases 1985-90- 449 494 386 630 676 626 Injury 1985-90- 110 96 53 201 109 84 Annual incidence rate of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 1990 44 92 8 336 79 142 Health Infrastructurs and services Doctors per 1,000 population 1988-92- 1.65 1.25 0.14 3.75 2.25 1.34 Nurse-to-doctor ratio 1988-92' 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.6 0.9 1.4 Hospital beds per 1,000 population 1985-90 2.9 2.6 0.8 6.0 6.1 3.6 Percent of children under one year immunized-DPT3 1991-1992' 54 71 41 99 71 O0 Percent of children under one year immunized-measles 1991-1992- 64 75 31 99 82 79 Births attended by health staft tporcent) 1985 lb 82 80 19 97 72 65 Health expenditum Total health expenditure fin millions of exchange rate dollars) 1990 2,009 48,660 133 19,871 100,468 1.702,456 Per capita total health expenditure 1990 102 105 26 138 167 323 Total heafth expenditure as a percentage of GDP 1990 4.2 4.0 2.8 8.6 4.1 3.0 Public sector health expenditure as a percentage of GODP 1990 2.0 2.4 1.2 6.7 2.5 4.9 Private sector health expenditure as a percentace of GDP 1990 2.2 1.6 1.3 3.8 1.6 3.2 Development sasIstance lor health /c Total aid flows (in millions of dollars) 1990 2 591 2 84 202 - Aid flows per capita 1990 0.1 1.3 0.1 8.5 0.5 Aid flows as percent of total health expenditure 1990 0.1 1.3 0.1 20.3 0.5 Each value refers to one particular but not specified year within the time period denoted. Note: Unless otherwise stated, the data presented here ere derived from appendix A in the Statistical Appendix of the World Development Report. 1993. /a Source: Worild Bank Atlas. lb Source: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, 1993. Ic Aid flows are a part of total health expenditures. Part C. Technical Notes - 53 - Technical Notes The following notes are drawn from the Appendix A of WDR 1993. Tables A. 1 presents basic data on population and GNP. Tables A.2 through A.7 provide population and health data as a supplement to the main text and to the data presented in the World Development Indicators. Economies are listed in an alphabetical order, and the names of those countries for which GNP per capita is uncertain are italicized. Although the data reported here are drawn from the most authoritative sources available, comparability is limited because of variation in data collection, statistical methods, and definitions. Differences in the reliability of the data are indicated by presenting less accurate figures in italics. Table A.2 Population structure and dynanmics Population in 1990 by country and the percentages for under age 15 and for age 60 and over were taken from Bos and others 1992. Regional totals were obtained by addition. The regional population totals provide the basis for the regional projections carried out for this Report for the period 1950 to 2050. The basis for the mortality assumption for the projection for Latin America and the Caribbean 1990 was deaths and population by age as available in the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) data base for 1990. Fertility estimates for the period 1950 to 1990 were determined by the 1990 age distributions and the mortality assumptions. Fertility estimates for the period 1990 to 2050 were taken as weighted averages of the country-specific values used by Bos and others 1992. Estimates of migration were obtained indirectly from United Nations, World Population Prospects 1990. Regional summaries for various columns of Table A.2---total fertility rate, total live births, life expectancy, median age at death, child mortality rate, and adult mortality rate by sex---are taken directly from the regional projections. Country-specific values for total fertility rate and total live births in 1990 are taken from projection data bases in Bos and others 1992. Mortality indicators are based on the child mortality estimates for 1960, 1975, and 1990, which, for developing countries, are largely based on the special exercise described below. Life expectancy at birth. e(0), is the number of years that a person born in a given year could expect to live, given the age-specific mortality rates for that year. Life expectancy in 1960 and 1990 and male and female adult - 54 - mortality rates for 1990 were derived from the child mortality estimates for that year, combined with assumptions about the relationship between child and adult mortality based on the country-specific projections in Bos and others 1992. The adult mortality rate for a given sex is the probability of dying between ages 15 and 60, expressed per 1,000. Median age at death is the age below which half of all deaths occur in a year. The perinatal mortality rate is the number of perinatal deaths (late fetal deaths, occurring at twenty-eight weeks of gestation or thereafter, and early neonatal deaths, occurring within the first seven days of life) per 1,000 births. Estimates of perinatal mortality were derived from various data sources. Vital registration data were used for Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. The remaining estimates drew on community- and hospital-based studies at the district or other subnational level that were expanded to the national level using either percentage of the population living in urban areas in 1990 or percentage of births attended by trained health staff. The child mortality rate is defined as the probability of dying by exact age 5. Estimates for the period 1960 to 1990 were obtained from a special exercise carried out jointly for the World Development Report and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the results of which will be published as UNICEF, The Progress of Nations 1993. The sources of information are those given in United Nations, Child Mortality since the 1960s (1992), augmented by recently available census and survey data. For each observation of child mortality, there is a corresponding observation of the date to which the measure refers. Point estimates of child mortality were obtained by fitting a line to the observations using weighted least squares, the independent variables being years (to account for trends) and the weights being based on consensus judgment about the relative robustness of estimates derived from different types of data. In order to focus on rates of change, the dependent variable used is the logarithm of the observed child mortality rates. For estimates beyond the range of the observations, extrapolation is used; all estimates based on extrapolation are shown in italics. For countries not included in Child Mortality since the 1960s,. estimates of child mortality by period have been taken from United Nations, Mortality of Children under Age Five (1988). Estimates for calendar years have been obtained by averaging estimates for adjacent five-year periods. Table A.3 Nutrition and health behavior Stunting is defined as low height-for-age; data are for children ages 24- -59 months. Wasting is defined as low weight-for-height; data are for children ages 12--23 months. Moderate to severe stunting or wasting means, respectively, height-for-age or weight-for-height more than 2 standard deviations below the median of the National Center for Health Statistics - 55 - (NCHS) reference population. What matters is the excess over the prevalence in the reference population; the latter includes genetic effects as well as malnutrition. Stunting is interpreted as measuring chronic malnutrition and wasting as measuring acute or short-term malnutrition, whether the cause is inadequate food intake or infectious disease or both. Mild or moderate malnutrition is not considered disease, but all degrees of malnutrition increase the risk of death in children. Exclusively breastfed babies include those who regularly received only breast milk before age 4 months. Women are classified as anemic when the blood hemoglobin level is below the WHO norm of 110 grams per liter. Tobacco consumption per year is an estimate of kilograms of consumption of dry-weight tobacco per adult (age 15 and older). Where consumption in raw-leaf equivalent is not available, data are derived by converting data on consumption or sales of products. In some cases consumption is calculated from production of and net trade in leaf and products. Consumption of tobacco for 1990 and 2000 was projected through a model that used assumptions on the growth of private consumption expenditure to derive per capita demand for tobacco. The demand functions and elasticities were based on analysis of recent national family budget surveys and past time series of consumption. Antismoking campaigns and other preventive activities that have influenced the level of tobacco consumption were considered for some countries through a trend factor, independent of income and price. Sources for data on child nutrition are World Health Organization (WHO), Demographic and Health Surveys, Institute for Resource Development of Macro Systems (IRD), and UNICEF; for anemia, WHO; and for tobacco consumption, the Commodities and Trade Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1990). Table A.4 Mortality by broad cause, and incidence of tuberculosis Mortality rates are standardized for age by the direct method, using world population as the standard population. Infectious diseases and reproductive health problems include all deaths from infectious diseases listed in the Ninth Edition International Classification of Diseases (1977), plus influenza and pneumonia, nutritional disorders and anemia, maternal causes of death (including abortion), and perinatal causes of death. Injuries include all violent causes, whether intentional, unintentional, or unknown. Noncommunicable diseases include all other causes of death. Deaths of which the cause was coded as ill-defined are distributed among the three groups in proportion to the number of deaths in each group. The source is WHO data derived from national vital statistics. Estimates for economies with incomplete death registration (less than 90 percent of deaths), high levels of nonmedical certification of causes of death (more than 15 percent), or high proportions of - 56 - deaths from ill-defined causes (more than 20 percent) are considered unreliable and are shown in italics. The incidence rate of tuberculosis has been estimated using the most recent available information recorded by governments and corrected for many developing countries with additional information from epidemiological studies. The data source is WHO's Tuberculosis Programme. Table A.5 Health infrastructure and services Doctor is defined to include only individuals with the professional degree of medical doctor. The definition of nurse includes only registered nurses and registered midwives. Hospital bed is defined as beds in clinics and hospitals; beds in long-term care facilities and nursing homes are excluded. Data sources are the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), PAHO, and WHO. Immunization data refer to DPT3---three completed doses of vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus---and to measles. The denominator for estimating coverage is the number of surviving infants age 1 year. The source of data is WHO's Expanded Programme on Immunization. Table A.6 Health expenditure and total flows from external assistance Health expenditure includes outlays for prevention, promotion, rehabilitation, and care; population activities; nutrition activities; program food aid; and emergency aid specifically for health. It does not include water and sanitation. Per capita expenditures and per capita aid flows are based on World Bank midyear population estimates. Total health expenditure is expressed in official exchange rate U.S. dollars. Information on government health expenditures is from national sources, supplemented by Government Finance Statistics (published by the International Monetary Fund), World Bank sector studies, and other studies. Data on parastatal expenditures (for health-related social security and social insurance programs) are from the Social Security Division of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the World Bank. Data are drawn from a background paper to this Report by the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. Public sector expenditures include government health expenditures, parastatal expenditures, and foreign aid, making the figures comparable with those for OECD countries. Private sector financing data for countries other than OECD members are based on household surveys carried out by the ILO - 57 - and other sources, supplemented by information from United Nations National Income Accounts, World Bank studies, and other studies published in the scientific literature. Estimates for countries with incomplete data were calculated in three steps. First, where data on either private or public expenditures were lacking, the missing figures were imputed from data from countries for which information was available. The imputation followed regressions relating public or private expenditure to GDP per capita. Second, for a country with no health expenditure data, it was assumed that the share of GDP spent on health was the same as the average for the corresponding demographic region. Third, if GDP was also unknown but population was known, it was assumed that per capita health spending was the same as the regional average. The two regional average imputations covered forty-seven countries but added only $10 billion to estimated global spending. Estimates for development assistance for health are expressed in official exchange rate U.S. dollars. Total aid flows represent the sum of all health assistance for health to each country by bilateral and multilateral agencies and by international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Direct bilateral official development assistance (ODA) comes from the OECD countries. Sources of multilateral development assistance include United Nations agencies, development banks (including the World Bank), the European Community, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Major international NGOs include the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). National NGOs were not included because the available information was not separated by recipient country. Information on ODA from bilateral and multilateral organizations was completed by data from the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and from the Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information Systems (ACCIS). DAC has compiled annual aggregate ODA statistics, by sector, since 1960. The OECD's CRS, established in 1970, complements the DAC statistics by identifying contributions allocated by sector. The CRS database is the most complete source of information for bilateral ODA, but its completeness varies among OECD countries and from year to year. ACCIS has kept, since 1987, a Register of Development Activities of the United Nations that lists sources of funds and executing agencies for all United Nations projects by sector. The estimates of development assistance in this table were prepared by the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies as a background paper for this Report. 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Box ST 125 Southerton Harare RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS (continued) No. 226 Bindlish, Evenson, and Gbetibouo, Evaluation of T&V-Based Extension in Burkina Faso No. 227 Cook, editor, Involuntary Resettlement in Africa: Selected Papers from a Conference on Environment and Settlement Issues in Africa No. 228 Webster and Charap, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in St. Petersburg: A Survey of Firms No. 229 Webster, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in Hungary: A Survey of Firms No. 230 Webster and Swanson, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in the Former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic: A Survey of Firms No. 231 Eisa, Barghouti, Gillham, and Al-Saffy, Cotton Production Prospectsfor the Decade to 2005: A Global Overview No. 232 Creightney, Transport and Economic Performance: A Survey of Developing Countries No. 233 Frederiksen, Berkoff, and Barber, Principles and Practicesfor Dealing with Water Resources Issues No. 234 Archondo-Callao and Faiz, Estimating Vehicle Operating Costs No. 235 Claessens, Risk Management in Developing Countries No. 236 Bennett and Goldberg, Providing Enterprise Development and Financial Services to Women: A Decade of Bank Experience in Asia No. 237 Webster, The Emergence of Private Sector Manufacturing in Poland: A Survey of Firms No. 238 Heath, Land Rights in C6te d'Ivoire: Survey and Prospectsfor Project Intervention No. 239 Kirmani and Rangeley, internzational Inland Waters: Concepts for a More Active World Bank Role No. 240 Ahmed, Renewable Energy Technologies: A Review of the Status and Costs of Selected Technologies No. 241 Webster, Newly Privatized Russian Enterprises No. 242 Barnes, Openshaw, Smith, and van der Plas, What Makes People Cook with Improved Biomass Stoves?: A Comparative International Review of Stozve Programs No. 243 Menke and Fazzari, Improving Electric Power Utility Efficietncy: Issues and Recommendations No. 244 Liebenthal, Mathur, and Wade, Solar Energy: Lessonsfrom the Pacific Island Experience No. 245 Klein, External Debt Management: An Introduction No. 246 Plusquellec, Burt, and Wolter, Modern Water Control in Irrigation: Concepts, Issues, and Applications No. 247 Ameur, Agricultural Extension: A Step beyond the Next Step No. 248 Malhotra, Koenig, and Sinsukprasert, A Survey of Asia's Energy Prices No. 249 Le Moigne, Easter, Ochs, and Giltner, Water Policy and Water Markets: Selected Papers and Proceedingsfrom the World Bank's Annual Irrigation and Drainage Seminar, Annapolis, Maryland, December 8-10, 1992 No. 250 Rangeley, Thiam, Andersen, and Lyle, International River Basin Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa No. 251 Sharma, Rietbergen, Heimo, and Patel, A Strategyfor the Forest Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa No. 252 The World Bank/FAO/UNIDO/lndustry Fertilizer Working Group, World and Regional Supply and Demand Balancesfor Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash, 1992/93-1998/99 No. 253 Jensen and Malter, A Global Review of Protected Agriculture No. 254 Frischtak, Governance Capacity and Economic Reform in Developing Countries No. 255 Mohan, editor, Bibliography of Publications: Technical Department, Africa Region, July 1987 to April 1994 No. 256 Campbell, Design and Operation of Smallholder Irrigation in South Asia No. 257 Malhotra, Sinsukprasert, and Eglington, The Performance of Asia's Energy Sector No. 258 Willy De Geyndt, Managing the Quality of Health Care in Developing Countries No. 259 Chaudry, Reid, Malik, editors, Civil Service Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean: Proceedings of a Conference No. 260 Humphrey, Payment Systems: Principles, Practice, and Improvements No. 261 Lynch, Provision for Children with Special Educational Needs in the Asia Region The World Bank Headquarters European Office Tokyo Office a 1818 H Street, N.W. 66, avenue d'Iena Kokusai Building Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. 75116 Paris, France 1-1, Marunouchi 3-chome Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan Telephone: (202) 477-1234 Telephone: (1) 40.69.30.00 Facsimile: (202) 477-6391 Facsimile: (1) 40.69.30.66 Telephone: (3) 3214-5001 Telex: MC164145 WORLDBANK Telex: 640651 Facsimile: (3) 3214-3657 MCI 248423 WORLDBANK Telex: 26838 Cable Address: INTBAFRAD WASHIlNGTONDC 13037 POP 100 0-8213-3037-3 HEALTH STATISTICS AMERIC 1111111111111111 j11111 400000014722 $6.95 Cover design by Walton Rosenquist ISBN 0-8213-3037-3