67816 Updates T he Government recently announced that PNPM Generasi will continue for a third year in all 178 sub-districts in the five provinces of West and East Java, North Sulawesi, Goron- What is PNPM Generasi? talo and NTT! Meanwhile, in October 2008, the second year of activity im- P NPM Generasi is an innovative Community Condi- tional Cash Transfer program launched by the Gov- ernment of Indonesia in July 2007 and designed to accel- plementation began in the 129 existing sub-districts, while erate achievement of three Millennium Development training and planning began in the 49 new sub-districts. Al- Goals: universal basic education, reduction in child mor- most all of the allocated funds for the first and second year of tality, and improvement in maternal health. PNPM Gen- PNPM Generasi were disbursed by the end of December erasi is short for PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas, which 2008. Out of the 49 new locations, only four sub-districts in means “A Healthy and Bright Generation.� Magetan, East Java, did not receive all the funds. The remain- ing funds will be carried over to the 2009 Fiscal Year. During PNPM Generasi seeks to improve 12 basic health and the second year of implementation PNPM Generasi will reach education indicators (see below). Villagers, with assis- an estimated 3,1 million villagers. tance from trained facilitators, use a participatory plan- ning process to identify problems. The community then In late September 2008, 55 new facilitators and project man- uses its block grant funds to create local solutions. agers from the sub-district government (PJOK) underwent 11 days of intensive training to fill positions in the 49 new sub- districts. Facilitators ranged in age and background from re- April 2009 • page 1 cent university graduates to retirees. The training covered all stages of the program cycle. There were also discussions with local health and education experts. The new facilitators shared a common interest and commitment to improving health and education in Indonesia. Testing and training of the new Management Information System (MIS) for PNPM Generasi was conducted in all five provinces in October and November 2008. A number of final revisions were made to the MIS before it was rolled out in January 2009. The MIS will record all data from the first year and second year of program implementation and track pro- gress from the national to the village level. In early March 2009, the PNPM Mandiri Rural Secretariat in the Ministry of Home Affairs, the National Management Consult- ant and the World Bank held a retreat to review PNPM Gen- erasi achievements to date and begin early preparation and planning for the third year of activity implementation. Also in this issue . . . • Summary of Achievements against the p. 2 Targets in year 1 • Special Feature on Community CCT Flexibility p. 3 PNPM Generasi is part of the Government’s flagship pov- and Innovation erty alleviation program, the National Program for Com- p. 4 munity Empowerment in Rural Areas or PNPM Mandiri • Report from the Field on Recent Media Visits Perdesaan. PNPM Generasi is supported by the World • Report from the Field on Development p. 4 Bank, the Royal Netherlands Embassy and PNPM Support Partner’s Visit Facility. • Upcoming Activities p. 4 Summary of Achievements Against t h e Ta r g e t s i n Ye a r 1 O ne of the unique features of the Community CCT program is the inter - village scoring system which allows vil- lages to measure progress against the 12 health and education targets. Each village is allocated a minimum threshold target based on the number of target beneficiaries in the village and access to public services. Inter village audits are conducted to monitor the scoring. The results are evaluated at the end of each cycle to inform activity se- lection for the following year. Preliminary results from the first year show strong performance against all 12 indicators. All provinces exceeded their minimum threshold targets, except North Sulawesi, which lagged behind on childhood immuniza- tion. The strongest performing province was NTT, which showed the greatest percentage increase across all indica- tors. During its first year, the results show PNPM Generasi had the greatest impact on junior high school enrolment and attendance. Given the low rates for junior secondary enrolment and attendance, it is not surprising that villages experienced the most gains against these targets. Overall Results The education targets scored higher overall than the health targets across the five provinces. The junior secondary enrolment and attendance indicators scored the highest while the indicator for monthly weighing of infants scored the lowest. The strongest performing province was NTT while North Sulawesi was the weakest. In North Sulawesi the minimum target for complete childhood immunization was not achieved. A number of villages in this province are located on small islands making access to vaccine supplies and health services difficult. PNPM Generasi Facilitators will help step up coordination with local community health clinics to improve access and achievement of the targets. Results Against the Health Targets The indicator for delivery assisted by a midwife/doctor and Vitamin A scored the highest while the indicator for monthly weighing of infants scored the lowest. Both in and outside Java delivery assisted by a midwife/doctor scored the highest while complete childhood immunization scored the lowest in Java and monthly weighing of infants out- side of Java. The strong performance against the assisted delivery target is encouraging given the direct links to re- April 2009 • page 2 ducing the number of women and children dying in childbirth. Evidence from the field suggests that after six months of age, mothers tend to stop bringing their children for regular weighing checks. As the program moves forward, PNPM Generasi facilitators will work to find appropriate strategies to address this. Results Against the Education Targets The indicators for junior secondary enrolment and attendance scored the highest while primary school attendance scored the lowest. Both in and outside of Java junior secondary enrolment scored the highest while primary school attendance scored the lowest in Java and primary school enrolment outside of Java. Primary school enrolment and attendance rates are already high and therefore we would expect to see the least impact for these targets. Table 1: Preliminary Results Against the Targets in the First Year Outside Java Java Gorontalo Sulut NTT Jabar Jatim Overall Results Highest scoring Junior secondary Junior secondary Vitamin A twice Junior secondary Junior secondary indicator attendance enrolment yearly enrolment enrolment Complete Indicators not achieved - childhood - - - immunization Results against the Health Indicators Delivery assisted Delivery assisted Delivery assisted Highest scoring Vitamin A twice Vitamin A twice by a midwife/ by a midwife/ by a midwife/ yearly yearly indicator doctor doctor doctor Complete Indicators not achieved - childhood - - - immunization Results against the Education Indicators Highest scoring Junior secondary Junior secondary Junior secondary Junior secondary Junior secondary indicator attendance enrolment attendance enrolment enrolment Indicators not achieved - - - - - Notes: • Results are calculated based on % difference = scores—mínimum threshold / mínimum threshold • Results for indicator 2 are not included in the above table Flexibility and Innovation: Communities find opportunity through a Conditional Cash Transfer Program I ndonesia is the first country in the world to pilot a community CCT program - PNPM Generasi Community CCT differs from the traditional conditional cash transfer model in that block grants are allocated to communities, rather than funds being transferred directly to individual targeted households. Block grants provide communities with the opportunity to improve service quality and performance directly. Block grants can be used to address either supply or demand constraints, depending on where the need is the greatest. By locating control of funds with the community, instead of with service providers, communities can have more leverage over service providers (World Bank 2004). Communities can use funds to effectively target local problems, addressing issues effecting individuals and the community as a whole. And as community needs evolve, funds can be refocused. Some examples of how communities have creatively used PNPM-Generasi funds to date: Short term contracts for midwives – North Sulawesi Communities in remote villages off the coast of North Sulawesi used PNPM Generasi funds to contract midwives to provide routine health services to women and children in the local community. In consultation with the local health clinic midwives are funded for one year and placed in villages that do not currently have a midwife until a perma- nent placement is found. Boats for a hamlet cut off from health and education services – East Sumba, NTT The community used part of their PNPM-Generasi funds to buy safe boats, allowing the children to attend school regu- larly and the midwife to make regular visits to the hamlet. Be- fore the village bought boats, children would swim to school everyday or have their parents swim them across on their backs. During the rainy season, the river doubled to 200 me- ters across with strong currents and stopped children from attending school for months at a time. April 2009 • page 3 Intensive supplementary feeding for malnourished children – North Central Timor, NTT Several communities used PNPM-Generasi funds to target malnourished and severely malnourished children, including one case of severe protein deficiency. The communities pro- vided intensive feeding for the malnourished/severely mal- nourished children, making dramatic progress. The village of Students in East Sumba, NTT no longer have to swim to school Suanae had extraordinary success, reducing their cases of se- after the community purchased boats with funds from PNPM vere malnutrition from 16 to 1, and malnutrition cases from 49 Generasi to 15 in one month. Financial assistance for students to help prepare for the national exams – Magetan, East Java Students in several communities received financial assistance to pay for preparation classes for the national exams. With normal classes overcrowded and teachers overstretched, students with learning disabilities tend to fall behind. These classes give students with learning disabilities a better chance at preparing for the exams. A wheelchair for a child who wants to go back to school – Kuningan, West Java The community used part of their funds to buy a wheelchair for 10-year old Apan Sapari, who has been crippled since infancy. Apan left school in first grade after suffering verbal and physical abuse from his classmates. With the aid of the wheelchair, Apan found the courage to return to school. After-school Education Program - North Minahasa, SULUT In Tumaluntung, the community targeted children at-risk for dropping out and low-performing students by providing free after-school supplementary lessons. Volunteer teachers from the local SD and SMP provide the lessons twice a week for two hours each meeting. The goal is to reinforce class les- sons and strengthen basic skills. The informal, relaxed atmosphere helps the students be less embarrassed, develop their skills and increase their confi- dence. The teaching method encourages them to ask questions, provides more personal attention, and helps children focus on their work. Apan with his parents in the wheelchair funded by PNPM Generasi. PNPM Generasi Media Visits to NTT and North Sulawesi D uring Augustdoingwent PNPM Generasi funds.what small boatsthat prevented healthcare workers from communities are 2008, several major Indonesian me- dia organizations with to the field to see meter river that allow them to navigate the 40- accessing the village and forced children to swim to school. Kompas, Media Indonesia, RCTI, tvOne, and Tempo Magazine traveled to North Central Timor (TTU) and In North Sulawesi, the community of Tumaluntung East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara where Pos Kupang created an innovative after-school program that joined them. Metro TV, Rakyat Merdeka, and Suara builds children’s confidence while reinforcing class- Pembaruan went to North Sulawesi. room lessons. In TTU, journalists visited communities combating Response from the journalists was strong; with sto- malnutrition and severe malnutrition with their PNPM ries appearing on all participating media. Highlights Generasi funds. Communities have eliminated severe included a series of 3 articles in Kompas, including malnutrition and drastically reduced malnutrition one on the front page, and a Metro TV feature story through targeted feeding. They also visited the iso- including an interview with Dr.Ir. Sujana Royat, Dep- lated hamlet of Kiritana, East Sumba, where the com- uty to the Coordinating Minister for Poverty Allevia- munity used part of their PNPM Generasi funds to buy tion (Menko Kesra). PNPM Generasi Development Partner Visit to Sukabumi, West Java I n earlyGenerasivisit2008, toinsee PNPM Generasi imple- PNPM December objective of the activities was Development Partners visited Sukabumi, West Java. The mentation on the ground, share knowledge, and discuss lessons learned to date. Development Partners included representatives from The Royal Netherlands Embassy, DFID, AusAID, and USAID. The visit is part of a broader effort to engage Development Partners in PNPM Gen- erasi to jointly track progress and identify opportunities for coordination and the provision of complementary support. The visit was an opportunity for Development Partners April 2009 • page 4 to see the results from the first year and planning activi- ties for the second year, both currently underway. Par- ticipants met with local government, service providers and program beneficiaries including midwives, teachers, mothers, and children. Development Partners visited health and education ac- tivities including a rehabilitated health clinic where sup- Development Partners receiving souvernirs from the community in plementary feeding, health checks, and weighing activi- Sukabumi ties for pregnant women, mothers and children under 5 were taking place; and a rehabilitated primary school and Islamic junior secondary school During the visit Development Partners had an opportunity to meet with program stakeholders and discuss a range of topics including activity results, funding, participation, management, and coordination. In addition to support- ing PNPM, many Development Partners are also providing direct assistance to the health and education sectors. Following the visit Development Partners prepared a joint report detailing the key outcomes and recommenda- tions from the visit. Upcoming Activities Month Activities April Recapitulation of village performance against 12 indicators from the first 4 months of activity implementa- tion in 49 new sub-districts. May Training of the Trainer for district facilitators and Refresher Training for sub-district facilitators Final recapitulation of village performance against the 12 indicators for 9 months of activity implemen- tation in 129 existing sub-districts June The third cycle of PNPM Generasi activity implementation to begin. For more information on PNPM Generasi, contact: Secretariat PNPM Mandiri-Perdesaan National Management Consultant (NMC) Directorate General Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa, Komplek PEMDA DKI, Graha Pejaten Ministry of Home Affairs Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12510 Jl. Pasar Minggu Km. 19, Jakarta Selatan 12520 Ph: 62-21-7988-840 Fax: 62-21-797-7412 Phone:62-21-79191648 Fax:62-21-79196118 Emal: generasi@nmc.ppk.or.id or ppkpmd@yahoo.com kontak@ppk.or.id http://www.ppk.or.id