71081 v2 Ethiopia: Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 2007 GDP 2007 GDP 2007 Share 2007 Trade Membership No. of RTAs/ EIAs (millions) per capita in World Trade per capita GATT WTO Goods Services $16,406 $208 0.02% $101 No Accession 1 0 Ethiopia TRADE PERFORMANCE ‡ SSA Ranking Decile TP Low inc TRADE POLICY (TP) (out of 125) 108 9 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE) (out of 126) 80 7 TO EE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) (out of 181) 116 7 TRADE FACILITATION (TF) (out of 151) 104 7 TRADE OUTCOME (TO) (out of 161) 40 3 TF IE ‡ Rankings are based on the "representative" indicators (in bold) in each group below for the latest year Outer bound represents best value in latest year TRADE POLICY (TP)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index (MFN applied tariffs)& 11.8 13.1 13.0 * TTRI (applied tariffs including preferences) & .. 13.3 13.0 * TTRI Overall TRI (OTRI, applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& .. 14.7 13.8 * (MFN) Other trade policy indicators MFN applied tariff - simple avg (%) 28.9 18.8 16.8 17.3 Applied Dispersion (coefficient of variation) 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 tariff (wgt avg) Maximum rate 80.0 40.0 35.0 35.0 Agriculture - simple avg (%) 39.5 21.7 17.2 22.4 Import Nonagriculture - simple avg (%) 27.3 18.4 16.7 16.6 duties MFN applied tariff - trade weighted avg (%) 18.2 12.8 12.6 12.6 MFN zero-duty imports (% in total imports) 5.8 19.5 17.1 15.5 * Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - trade weighted avg (%) 18.2 12.8 12.6 12.6 Nontariff measures Agriculture 31.1 13.6 15.5 16.0 Nonagriculture 16.0 12.7 12.4 12.3 0 10 20 Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - production weighted avg (%) .. .. .. SSA Low inc Ethiopia Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) escalation (finished% minus raw%) .. 9.4 5.3 Agriculture .. .. 9.4 7.8 Nonagriculture .. .. 11.4 8.1 Import duties (% of imports) .. 18.5 .. .. Services commit. Tariff overhang (MFN bound less MFN applied rate,%) .. .. .. .. Bound tariff frequency ratio (% of total lines) .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 * Specific tariffs frequency ratio (%) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 40 80 Non-tariff measures frequency ratio (%) 0.6 .. .. .. SSA Low inc Ethiopia Overall GATS commitment index (0-100, best) .. .. .. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ MA-TTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.)& 2.4 1.8 * MA-OTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& 30.9 24.5 * MA-TTRI Other external environment indicators ROW applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - weighted avg (%) 0.4 3.0 2.8 1.9 * MFN duty free Agriculture 0.4 3.2 2.8 2.0 * (exports) Nonagriculture 0.8 2.3 2.4 1.3 * MFN zero-duty exports (% of total exports) 36.7 69.7 .. .. Value of prefer Exports with FTA / CU partners (% of total exports) 13.7 8.0 10.5 10.3 * Preferences (EU+U.S.) utilization rate (%) .. .. 87.1 74.3 * 0 1 Lowest Highest Preferences (EU+U.S.) actual value (% of exports) .. .. 3.7 5.0 * SSA Low inc Ethiopia Real effective exchange rate (% change,+ =apprec.) .. .. .. .. ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used(noted by *). For more infor., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008. ŸMFN: most favored nation; NTM: nontariff measures; MA: market access; ROW: rest of the world; FTA: free trade agreement; CU: customs union; WTO: World Trade Organization GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; WGI: World Government Indicators; ".." indicates missing value; RTA/EIA: regional trade arrangement / economic integration arrangement; & 2007 are preliminary estimates Ethiopia Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) 2004 2006 2007 2008 Ease of Doing Business (rank out of 181) .. .. 109 116 Starting a business (rank) .. .. 109 118 Enforcing contracts (rank) .. .. 78 118 Ease of Doing Closing a business (rank) .. 73 78 Business Other institutional environment indicators WGI - Regulatory Quality (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.69 -0.62 -0.45 .. 0 80 160 WGI - Rule of Law (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.68 -0.56 -0.54 .. SSA Low inc Ethiopia WGI - Control of Corruption (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.72 -0.65 -0.70 .. TRADE FACILITATION (TF) 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Logistics Performance Index (LPI, 1 to 5 best) .. .. 2.3 2.3 * Efficiency of customs and other border procedures .. .. 2.1 2.1 * Logistic Index Quality of transport and IT infrastructures .. .. 1.9 1.9 * International transportation costs .. .. 2.4 2.4 * Logistics competence .. .. 2.0 2.0 * Trading Trackability of shipments .. .. 1.8 1.8 * Across Borders Domestic transportation costs .. .. 3.2 3.2 * Timeliness of shipment .. .. 3.7 3.7 * Other trade facilitation indicators UNCTAD Shipping Doing Business - Trading Across Borders (rank out of 181) .. 154 152 No. of documents required for exports .. .. 8 8 No. of days process required for exports .. .. 38 38 Telephones Cost to export (US$ per container) .. .. 1,617 2,087 per 100 No. of documents required for imports .. .. 8 8 No. of days process required for imports .. .. 42 42 Secondary Cost to import (US$ per container) .. .. 2,793 2,893 enrollment Liner shipping connectivity index (0-100 best) .. .. .. .. Telephones and mobiles per 100 people 0.3 0.6 2.0 2.6 * 0 Lowest 1 Highest Average cost of 3-minute call to U.S. (US$) 7.5 6.4 .. .. SSA Low inc Ethiopia Internet usage (per 100 people) 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 * Secondary gross school enrollment (%) 12.2 17.4 27.1 30.5 * TRADE OUTCOME (TO) ## 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Real growth in trade of goods and services (%) 11.0 11.2 11.0 10.6 12 11.2 11.0 11.0 10.6 Exports 9.3 19.9 4.5 11.6 10 8 8.0 8.2 8.0 Imports 11.9 6.9 17.9 10.0 6.2 7.1 7.4 7.1 6 5.7 Other trade outcome indicators 4 Trade integration (trade as % of GDP) 30.2 41.8 50.5 45.5 2 FDI inflow (% of GDP) 1.6 4.0 2.2 2.2 0 1995-99 2000-04 2005-07 2008 World trade share growth (%) 2.2 5.1 0.3 6.1 Trade Growth Rate Exports 1.5 2.6 -1.8 7.1 Ethiopia SSA Low inc Imports 3.0 7.0 1.4 5.5 Merchandise share in total exports (%) 55.3 44.1 47.7 52.4 Exports Share (2005-07) Agriculture 50.2 38.9 .. .. Manufacturing 4.8 5.5 .. .. Mining, fuel and others 0.9 0.7 .. .. Service share in total exports (%) 44.7 55.9 52.2 46.7 Mercha Tourism 3.2 7.4 8.0 7.4 * ndise, Service, Transportation 23.0 23.0 25.3 26.6 * 47.7 52.2 Other services 18.5 25.6 19.5 19.5 * Export product concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 63.4 43.4 41.6 43.2 * Export market concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 32.0 27.4 25.1 25.3 * Top 5 exports share (% of merchandise exports) .. .. 76.7 72.7 * Top 5 exports (SITC Rev. 2; 3 digit) ( 071) Coffee (292) Crude vegetable materials (222) Oil seeds ( 054) Vegetables ( 611) Leather ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used (noted by *). For more info., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008 ## Most outcome indicators (mostly through 2007) are from the WDI (World Bank, Data Group), UNCTAD or COMTRADE; for filling gaps and 2008, data from the Prospects Group are used.