bZlhlhbZ lsy] efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky; 3 Ckky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj ifjosf{kdkvksa ds fy, mi;ksx&iqfLrdk Printed by Macro Graphics Pvt. Ltd. foU;kl leqnk; The World Bank VINYÃS Society IBRD • IDA | World bank group lHkh ds fy,] gj dgha] United Nations ftEesnkj vkSj u;s fodflr gksxhA lkFk gh vk¡xuokM+h dk j[k&j[kko dSls djsa] ;g Hkh le>us esa enn feysxhA ;g mi;ksx&iqfLrdk dsoy izkjfEHkd jkLrk Hkj fn[kkus ds fy, gSA ,d ifjosf{kdk] dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk ds :i esa vki Hkh viuh jpukRedrk vkSj dYiuk'khyrk ls blesa cgqr dqN u;k vkSj ekSfyd jp ldsxh] bl fo'okl ds lkFk bls rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr ljdkj MkW- Jhjatu] Hkkjrh; Ikz'kklfud lsok efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky; la;qDr lfpo 'kkL=kh Hkou] ubZ fnYyh&110 001 Dr. Shreeranjan, IAS Government of India Joint Secretary Ministry of Women & Child Development nwjHkk"k@ Tel: 011-2338 7683 IkQSDl @ Fax: 011-2307 0479 Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi-110 001 E-mail: shreeranjan@nic.in Website: http://www.wcd.nic.in izkDdFku cky fodkl] ekuo fodkl dh uhao ,oa jk"Vªh; fodkl dh vk/kj&f'kyk gSA Hkkjr esa lesfdr cky fodkl lsok,¡ (vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l-) ;kstuk bldks vk/kjHkwr O;oLFkk iznku djrh gSA lesfdr cky fodkl lsok,¡ (vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l-) ;kstuk dk fe'ku vkSj mlds ¶dk;kZUo;u ds fy, O;kid :i&js[kk¸ orZeku iz.kkfy;ksa ,oa lsokvksa ds iquZxBu rFkk leqfpr ,oa ldkjkRed cnyko ds fy, ekgkSy rS;kj djus ij tksj nsrh gSA cqfu;knh lqfo/k,¡] fo'ks"kdj vk¡xuokM+h Hkou] ,d vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr ,oa cnyko esa lfØ; Hkwfedk vnk djrh gSA vk¡xuokM+h Hkou lesfdr cky fodkl dh fn'kk esa vk¡py ls vk¡xu vkSj fiQj vk¡xu ls ckÞ; txr ds iM+koksa ds chp rkjrE; ,oa rknkRE; LFkkfir djrk gSA blds ekè;e ls cky fodkl ds lHkh vk;keksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] okRlY; iwfjr lqfo/kvksa vkSj leFkZd lsokvksa ds ekè;e ls cPpksa ds lok±xh.k fodkl dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gSA jk"Vªh; izkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk ns[kjs[k vkSj f'k{kk uhfr (bZlhlhbZ) uhfr Hkh gekjh bl opuc¼rk dh iqf"V djrh gSA vk¡xuokM+h@cky fodkl Hkou cPpksa ds LokLF;] iks"k.k] euksldkjkRed ,oa lkekftd fodkl dh fn'kk] ikjLifjd Lusg lEcE/ dks] ,d mQtkZ ,oa mRizsj.kk iznku djrh gSA lHkh ,sls l¡xBu] uker% vk¡xuokM+h] Iys&xzqi] Iys&Ldwy] ulZjh&Ldwy bR;kfn ds uke ls fofnr dsanz ,d Hkou gh ugha] cPpksa ds [ksydwn] Þkl&ifjÞkl ,oa mYykl ;qDr] vk¡xu ls izkax.k rFkk O;f"V ls lef"V dh ;k=kk dks n'kkZrk gSA ,sls dasnz (Hkou) lekt esa ,d lcy O;fDrRo dks izfriQfyr gksus dh ,d leqfpr ;k=kk ,oa ekxZ iznku djrs gSaA vr%] cky&Hkou@vk¡xuokM+h dks ,d vPNs Hkou ds lkFk&lkFk] mRlkgo/Zd] lfØ;] l`tukRed] ckykuqdwy ifjos'k ds lexz :i esa fodflr ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A bldh ;kstuk rS;kj djus esa lHkh ifjokjksa ,oa lg;ksxh laLFkkvksa dh lgHkkfxrk vko';d gSA blhfy,] ;kstuk vkSj fMt+kbu bl dk;ZØe vkSj blds eq[; mís';ksa dh lEosnu'khyrk dks dbZ ekè;eksa ls vfHkO;Dr djus dk ,d lkFkZd volj iznku djrk gSA vr% os lHkh tks cky fodkl ls lEcfU/r o l¡;qDr gS] bu rhu d`fr;ksa tks iz'kkldksa ,oa ;kstuk cukus okyksa ds fy,] izfriknu djus okyksa ds fy, ,oa cky fodkl dsUnz ls tqM+s lHkh lsok iznkrkvksa gsrq gSa] mls ldkjkRed :i ls xzg.k ;ksX; ekusaA bl igy esa] Hkou dks Hkkoukvksa ls] míhiu ds :i esa iz;ksx djrs gq, cky fodkl ds fofHkUu pj.kksa dks lefiZr fd;k x;k gSA 2 • cky lqyHk vk¡xuokfM+;ksa ds fodkl dh ;kstuk cukuk% blls vf/dkfj;ksa @ iz'kkldksa vkSj fu;kedksa (IykulZ) dh dfBukb;k¡ de gks tkrh gSaA ifj.kke Lo:i muds dk;Z{ks=kksa esa ubZ vk¡xuokfM+;ksa dk fodkl gks ik,xkA blls jk"Vªh; izkjafEHkd ckY;koLFkk ns[kjs[k vkSj f'k{kk uhfr (bZlhlhbZ) dk y{; Hkh izkIr djus esa enn feysxhA • cky lqyHk vk¡xuokM+h ckyk ds lkFk fodflr djuk % lqyHk vk¡xuokfM+;k¡ rS;kj djuk % blds ekè;e ls cky fodkl ds lHkh vk;keksa] ifjos'k ,o iz.kkyh ls tqM+uk vklku gks tk,xkA ekStwnk vk¡xuokfM+;ksa dks nq#Lr djus esa enn feysxhA ;qok oxZ fo'ks"kdj ckfydkvksa vkSj efgykvksa ds fodkl gsrq lalk/u l`ftr fd;k tk ldsxkA • Ckky&lqyHk ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx % ,sls ekgkSy ls vk¡xuokM+h lqijokbt+jksa@dk;ZdrkZvksa vkfn dks ykHk gksxkA cky fodkl xfrfof/;k¡ etcwr gksaxhA ;fn ckyk ds rgr~ vk¡xuokfM+;k¡ igys gh py jgha gSa rks blls dksbZ iQdZ ugha iM+sxkA os Hkh vius&vius Lrj ij dk;Z djsaxhA uohdj.k ds ckn lkeqnkf;d Lrj ij os dqN u dqN xfrfof/;k¡ tkjh j[k ldrh gSaA mijksDr fopkj/kkjk foU;kl leqnk; ,oa foU;kl] LFkkiR; vuqla/ku vkSj vkdYiu dsUnz }kjk muds dbZ fl¼gLr] xq.kh&tuksa }kjk fodflr dh xbZ gSA mudk ;g iz;kl iz'kaluh; gSA eSa vius lHkh lgdfeZ;ksa dk Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡A ;g d`fr] ns'k esa cky fodkl ds ekgkSy dks c<+kok nsxhA bu iz;klksa dk mís'; l`tukRed uohdj.k gSA bu iz;klksa ls cky fodkl&vuqdwy ifjos'k cuus esa enn feysxhA lsok iznk;xh (lfoZl fMyhojh) csgrj gks tk,xh] tks Hkkjrh; fofo/rkvksa dks Hkh lekfgr djsxhA bl egÙoiw.kZ iz;kl ds lkiQY; esa lHkh lgHkkfx;ksa] ifjokjksa vkSj lekt dks bl mís'; gsrq l¡dYi] leiZ.k ,oa leUo; fn[kkuk gksxkA fo'o cSad us] bu d`fr;ksa ds izdk'ku esa leFkZu ,oa lg;ksx fn;k gSA blds fy,] eSa] mudh iz'kalk djrk gw¡A eq>s iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd bu d`fr;ksa dk ykHk lHkh mBk ik;asxsA gesa Hkjkslk gS fd ;g rduhdh lalk/u] cPpksa ds lok±xh.k fodkl esa vewY; lg;ksx iznku djsxk] tks vUrr% lcy cky fodkl dk ekxZ iz'kLr djsxkA MkW- Jhjatu 3 :ijs[kk 1- gekjh vk¡xuokM+h dSlh gks ldrh gS\-----------------------------------------------------------------------------6 2- vk¡xuokM+h vkSj ckyk--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 • Ckkyk D;k gS\---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 • vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk D;ksa\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 • Ckky fodkl ds fy, ckyk--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 • 3&6 o"kZ ds cPpksa ds loZkaxh.k fodkl ds mn~ns'; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 • le;&lkfj.kh esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj ckyk&lalk/u ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 3- vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj muds mi;ksx ds lq>ko--------------------------------------------------26 • ckyk txg dks le>uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 • vUnj dh ckyk&txgsa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 • ckgj dh ckyk&txgsa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 • ewyHkwr lqfo/k,¡------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 33 4- Tkks gj vk¡xuokM+h esa gks ldrk gS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 5- vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&lalk/u vkSj mudk mi;ksx------------------------------------------------------------36 d nhokj ij rjktw------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 [k IkQ'kZ ij] jax&vkdkj dh cgq&mi;ksxh iafDr-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 x nhokj ij] ekid&Ldsy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 ?k f[kM+dh ;k nhokj ij fxurkjk---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 Ä nhokj ij] fy[kkbZ dh rS;kjh esa lgk;d vkd`fr;k¡----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 p f[kM+dh ds t¡xys & fy[kkbZ dh rS;kjh esa lgk;d------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 N nhokj ij] fy[kus dh rS;kjh esa lgk;d x<+h vkd`fr;k¡----------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 t fp=k cukus @ fy[kus dh lknh lrgsa--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 > lkeku j[kus @ iznf'kZr djus ds vkys @ iV~V (cksMZ) @ ydM+h dh iV~Vh] Vk¡xus dh [kw¡Vh------------------------ 49 ×k fdrkcksa dk dksuk---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 V yksddyk,¡------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 B fp=kdFkk,¡-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 M NksVs & cM+s dh vo/kj.kk---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 < nhokj ij vkd`fr&dfork okyk iV~V------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55 .k cPpksa dh nhokj------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56 r IkQ'kZ ij fcUnq&iV~V------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 Fk nhokj ij ets+nkj ni.kZ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 n IkQ'kZ @ nhokj ij jax&fcjaxk IkQyd---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 / IkQ+'kZ ij xksyrkjk----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 u jxM+us okyh Vkby--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 i Ikkbi uyh IkQksu------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 6- Ckkyk ds ifjizs{; esa vk¡xuokM+h ifjosf{kdk] dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dh Hkwfedk--------------64 • vk¡xuokM+h ifjosf{kdk dh Hkwfedk----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64 • vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ dh Hkwfedk------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 • vk¡xuokM+h lgkf;dk dh Hkwfedk------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 7- vk¡xuokM+h dk j[kj[kko---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------69 ifjf'k"V ifjf'k"V&1 % vk¡xuokM+h esa xfrfof/ ds fy, IkQqVdj lkexzh------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 ifjf'k"V&2 % vk¡xuokM+h ds fy, xfrfof/;ksa dh iqLrdksa ds dqN lq>ko--------------------------------------------------------- 73 ifjf'k"V&3 % vk¡xuokM+h esa xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, vU; tkudkjh ds L=kksr--------------------------------------------------------- 74 • cky dsfUnzr ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h dk fodkl djus ls lEcfU/r nLrkost+---------------------------------------------- 75 • foU;kl vkSj ckyk ds ckjs esa 1- gekjh vk¡xuokM+h dSlh gks ldrh gS \ ,d ,slh vk¡xuokM+h dh dYiuk djsa] tks thou dh meax ls Hkjh gksA ;gk¡ cPps% • IkQwyksa ds jax ls fp=k cukrs gksa • ,sls isM+&ikS/ksa ds chp gksa] ftuesa gj fnu fpfM+;k¡] dhM+s vkSj jaxhu frrfy;k¡ vkrh gksa • NksVs isM+ksa ij p<+ dj dwn ldrs gksa • ogk¡ dh gok esa IkQSyh IkQwyksa dh lqxU/ u Hkwy ldsa • vius cxhps ls IkQy vkSj lCth rksM+ dj [kk ldrs gksa • NksVh lh xqIkQk esa Nqi ldsa • ,d iV~V ftl ij tks th esa vk;s] mls cuk,¡ ;k fy[ksa • fe=kksa lgsfy;ksa ds lkFk NksVs dksuksa esa [ksy ldsa • fdlh ?kqekonkj yksgs dh M.Mh ij m¡xfy;k¡ pyk ldsa • phtsa IkQSykus dh txg esa phtsa IkQSyk nsa vkSj dksbZ u MkaVs • ,d Nk;knkj vk¡xu esa feV~Vh vkSj jsr ls [ksy ldrs gksa • ,d Nk;knkj txg esa rktk idk gqvk xekZ&xeZ [kkuk [kk ldrs gksa • fdlh vk¡V ij cSB dj lgsyh ls ckr dj ldrs gksa • fdlh Vhys dh ij vk/kkfjr gS fd Hkou gekjh vk¡xuokM+h dk ,d e¡gxk fgLlk gSA blfy, ;g cgqr t+#jh gS fd blesa yxkbZ xbZ jkkf'k dk ge vf/dre ewY; blds lHkh mi;ksDrkvksa dks nsaA blfy, ckyk&txgsa vkSj ckyk&lalk/u dsoy ,d gh rjg ls ugha] cfYd cgq&mi;ksxh gksa] ;g ,d t+#jh 'krZ gSA tSls cgq&mi;ksxh pkSdh dsoy pkSdh ugha gS & cfYd vyx vyx rjg ds lewg cukus dk rjhdk Hkh gS] dqN cukus ;k fy[kus dh lrg Hkh gS vkSj ,d LFkku dks vkdkj nsus dh ifjf/ fu/kZj.k djus okyh oLrq Hkh gSA ckyk&txgsa xfrfof/ dks l¡nHkZ nsrh gSa vkSj ckyk&lalk/u xfrfof/ dks fuf'pr :i vkSj vkdkj nsrs gSaA pw¡fd ckyk&txgsa vkSj ckyk&lalk/u] nksuksa dks gh cgq&mi;ksfxrk ds n`f"Vdks.k esa fijks;k x;k gS & bu nksuksa dk lkFk vyx&vyx le; esa] fofHkUu mi;ksDrkvksa dks] vusd xfrfof/;k¡] viuh&viuh y; ls djus dh LorU=krk nsrk gSA txg vkSj lalk/u dk ;gh cgq&Lrjh; lEcU/ ckyk ds cqfu;kn esa gSA pkSdh o ckyk&txg dk fuekZ.k 16 vk¡xuokM+h vkSj ckyk cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx vk¡xuokM+h esa Ckkyk D;ksa \ ysfdu ckyk&txgsa dsoy NksVs cPpksa ds fy, ugha gSaA tc cPps [kqn gh dqN xfrfof/;ksa esa yx tk;asxs rks dk;ZdrkZ gekjh vk¡xuokfM+;ksa ds ifjos'k vDlj f'k'kqvksa vkSj cPpksa vkSj lgkf;dk vius vU; dke] tSls pht+sa O;ofLFkr djuk] ds fy, ,dne uhjl vkSj mUgsa viuh jpukRedrk vkSj fjiksZV ;k vk¡dM+s ntZ djuk ;k laLFkkuxr dkeksa dks iwjk djus dYiuk'khyrk fodflr djus ds cgqr de volj nsrs esa yxk ldrh gSaA os ;g dk;Z bu ckyk&txgksa ij Hkh dj gSaA muds okrkoj.k esa lc dqN vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ vkSj ldrh gSa tks muds fy, Hkh vkjkenk;d vkSj lgk;d gksaxhA lgkf;dk ds O;ogkj vkSj dke djus ds rjhds ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA vDlj HkkSfrd okrkoj.k esa ,slk cgqr de gksrk fd'kksjh ckfydk ek¡vksa vkSj xHkZorh efgykvksa dh dbZ gS] tks NksVs cPpksa dks viuh vksj vkefU=kr djs ;k mUgsa lkewfgd ;k O;fDrxr xfrfof/;k¡ tSls & LokLF; ijh{k.k] xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, mdlk;s vkSj vFkZiw.kZ xM+k vkSj iQkyrw le; fcrkuk cgqr de gks lkekftd] jpukRed] Hkk"kk vkSj O;ogkfjd t+:jrksa ds x;k gSA pw¡fd cPps gj le; gh dqN u dqN lh[krs le>rs fy, ,d lEosnu'khy okrkoj.k cu lds] ckyk bl mn~ns'; gSa] blfy, ckyk&txgsa vkSj ckyk&lalk/u vUnj&ckgj & ds fy, gSA iz;kl ;gh gS fd lHkh dks vius fodkl dk lHkh txg fNrjkbZ tkrh gSaA blfy, os cPpksa ds fy, ges'kk lEiw.kZ] cgq&mi;ksxh okrkoj.k feys vkSj HkkSfrd okrkoj.k miyC/ gSa & u vYekjh ;k dejs esa cUn] u mUgsa lesV dj dh Hkh vge Hkwfedk gksA ckyk&txgksa vkSj ckyk lalk/uksa dk j[kus dh ft+Eesnkjh! blfy, os 'kkykvksa esa f'k{kd vkSj lekos'k vHkh orZeku esa] igys ls cuha] vk¡xuokfM++;ksa esa vkSj vk¡xuokM+h esa dk;ZdrkZ ;k lgkf;dk dh miyC/rk ij fuHkZj vkxs ubZ cuus okyh vk¡xuokfM++;ksa & nksuksa esa gh gks ldrk gSA ugha djrs gSa vkSj cPps Lo;a gh vdsys ;k NksVs&cM+s lewg esa dbZ xfrfof/;k¡ lgt :i ls dj ldrs gSaA bl vFkZ esa ckyk dk mn~ns'; NksVs cPpksa vkSj HkkSfrd okrkoj.k ds chp ,d ldkjkRed lEcU/ dh LFkkiuk djuk vkSj mUgsa csgrj uk vko';d gSA vuq:i viuh {kerk,¡ c<+kuk Hkh gSA lkFk gh vkxs py dj 'kkyk tkus ds fy, viuh le> rS;kj djuh gSA dksbZ Hkh nks cPps ,d ls ugha gSaA gj cPpk vuwBk gSA gj cPps dh le>] lh[kus dh {kerk vkSj rjhdk Hkh vyx gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vk¡xuokM+h esa v{kj&Kku ugha] ysfdu gj cPps dk viuk vyx O;fDrRo gSA cPps vius vuqHko v{kj fy[kus ds fy, gkFk dh ek¡l&isf'k;k¡ rS;kj djuh gSaA ls tqM+dj vkSj xfrfof/ vius vki] viuh lHkh bfUnz;ksa ds blds fy, ckyk lalk/u tSls nhokj esa fy[kkbZ esa lgk;d mi;ksx ls lh[krs gSaA cPps rc csgrj lh[krs gSa tc mudk vkd`fr;k¡] fy[kkbZ esa lgk;d f[kM+dh ds t¡xys] nhokj ij ru vkSj eu & nksuksa gh 'kkfey gksaA cPps nwljksa dks ns[kdj fy[kkbZ dh rS;kjh esa lgk;d x<+h vkd`fr;k¡] jxM+us okyh lh[krs gSaA cPps vdsys esa Hkh vkSj lewg esa Hkh & nksuksa rjg Vkby] vkSj nhokj ij fp=k cukus @ fy[kus dh lknh lrg] ls lh[krs gSaA gj cPpk viuh vyx xfr vkSj y; ls lh[krk izLrkfor gSaA gSA vk¡xuokM+h ds l¡nHkZ esa] ;gk¡ cPps dks viuh cqfu;knh 18 vk¡xuokM+h vkSj ckyk cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx cPpksa dks thou ds vykok Hkk"kk vkSj xf.kr esa Hkh vkxs&ihNs] nk,¡&ck,¡] Åij&uhps] vUnj&ckgj] mYVk&lh/k] NksVk&cM+k] de&T+;knk dh vo/kj.kk,¡ Hkh le> esa vkuh pkfg,A ckyk ds dbZ lalk/u] tSls IkQ'kZ ij xksyrkjk] nhokj ij rjkt+w] IkQ'kZ ij fcUnq iV~V] NksVs&cM+s dh vo/kj.kk] cPps dks blds fy, rS;kj djsaxsA cPpksa dks lewg esa & viuh ckjh dk bUrt+kj djuk] ck¡V dj dke djuk] ,d nwljs dh enn djuk] nwljksa dh lEosnuk le>uk] tSls cqfu;knh lkekftd ewY; fodflr djuk cgqr t+#jh gSA dbZ ckyk&txgsa vkSj lalk/u] tSls ^t+ksj yxk ikuh p<+k*] ^ifg;k [ksy txg*] ^cgq&mi;ksxh pkSdh*] ^eqDrk¡xu*] ^eap*] vkfn txgsa blh vk/kj ij fodflr dh xbZ gSaA l¡{ksi esa] ckyk vk¡xuokM+h ds cgq&mi;ksxh mn~ns';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, cPpksa vkSj lHkh mi;ksDrkvksa ds fy, lqyHk vkSj mi;qDr okrkoj.k fuekZ.k esa enn djrk gSA vk¡xuokM+h vkSj ckyk 19 3&6 o"kZ ds cPpksa ds loZkaxh.k fodkl ds mn~ns'; 3&6 o"kZ ds cPpksa ds loZkaxh.k fodkl ds mn~ns'; le>us ds fy, ;gk¡ fn;k x;k fp=k mi;ksxh gksxkA blesa cPpksa ds 'kkjhfjd] jpukRed] ckSf}d] lkekftd] lEosnukRed vkSj Hkk"kk fodkl ds lHkh mn~ns'; ,d gh n`f"V esa ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA Lkkekftd o lEosnukRed fodkl • lqj{kk ,ao Hkjksls dh Hkkouk dk fodkl • vknrksa dk fuekZ.k% O;fDrxr vknrsa] lkekftd vknrsa • vius O;ogkj dks fu;fU=kr djus dh ;ksX;rk dk fodkl • fofHkUu lewgksa vkSj çFkkvksa dks tkuus ds fy, çksRlkfgr djuk • Lkkekftd :i ls Lohd`r rjhdksa dk vius O;ogkjksa ;k lEosxksa dks fu;fU=kr djus dh ;ksX;rk dk fodkl • Lkkewfgd fØ;kvksa ds çfr :fp dk fodkl • vius ckjs esa vPNh Hkkouk dk fodkl Hkk"kk fodkl • lquus ds dkS'ky dk fodkl • èofu foHksnhdj.k • ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr dk fodkl • 'kCn Hk.Mkj dk fodkl • vkykspukRed n`f"Vdks.k lquus dk fodkl f'k'kq dk • Lk`tukRed vfHkO;fDr lEiw.kZ fodkl • i<+us dh rS;kjh • fy[kus dh rS;kjh ;g lsUVj iQWkj vyhZ pkbYMgqM ,tqds'ku ,.M ckSf¼d fodkl MoyIesUV] vEcsMdj • bfUnz;ksa dk fodkl (ik¡pksa bfUnz;k¡) ;wfuoflZVh ,oa ckfydk f'k{kk • çeq[k lEcks/ dk fodkl dk;ZØe] ds;j bafM;k ds dk;Z ij vk/kfjr gSA tSls% jax igpkuuk] vkdkj] vklikl dk okrkoj.k vkfn • Ekkufld dkS'kyksa dk fodkl tSls% feyku] Lej.k] ljy oxhZdj.k] ç'u djuk • fy[kus dh rS;kjh jpukRed fodkl • dyk ds }kjk l`tukRed vfHkO;fDr • l`tukRed fØ;k,¡ • l`tukRed fparu • lkSUn;Z vuqHkwfr 'kkjhfjd fodkl • mfpr o`f¼ cuk;s j[kuk • LFkwy ekalisf'k;ksa esa larqyu • lw{e ekalisf'k;ksa esa larqyu • vk¡[k] gkFk vkSj eq¡g esa rkyesy bu mn~ns';ksa dks gkfly djus ds fy, dbZ rjg dh xfrfof/;k¡ vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZØe vkSj fnup;kZ esa gksaxhA bUgs lqlaxr uk vPNk jgsxkA vxys i`"Bksa esa vke fnup;kZ vkSj le;&lkfj.kh ls bl lEcU/ dh LFkkiuk dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA vkxs le;&lkfj.kh ds vUnj cus jaxhu [kkuksa esa nh xbZ xfrfof/ dks mlds ckgj mlh jax dh xfrfof/ vkSj ckyk ls tksM+ dj foLrkj ls le>kk;k x;k gSA vk¡xuokM+h vkSj ckyk 21 izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy ckyk&lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity BaLA-Resources cky fodkl ds fy, mi;qDr lalk/u Appropriate resources for child- development. ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks 'kkjhfjd vkSj HkkoukRed cky&fodkl vkSj Lo&fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and Worker towards overall child and self-development. vk¡xuokM+h dh le; lkfj.kh* / Time Table of Aanganwadi* fodkl lkekftd 'kkjhfjd Hkk"kkRed vkjke Development Social Physical Language Rest xfrfof/;k¡ Activities Summer le; fnu Time 8:30 - 9:00 9:00 - 9:30 9:30 - 10:00 10:00 - 10:30 xehZ es 'kkfjfjd vkSj HkkoukRed fodkl dh Day izLrkfor xfrfof/;k¡ Proposed activities for the le; Winter Physical and emotional fnu Time 9:30 - 10:00 10:00 - 10:30 lnhZ es 10:30 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:30 development Day • ckgjh [ksy @ Outdoor Play • jLlh ij pyuk @ dwnuk cky xhr @ dgkuh Walking on string / Jumping lkseokj O;k;ke Children's Song / • mNyuk dwnuk @ Jumping Monday Exercise cPpksa dk Story vkxeuA eaxyokj LokxrA ckg; [ksy fxurh @ vaxzsth o.kZekyk xfrfof/ Activities O;fDrxr Counting / English Tuesday Outdoor play LoPNrk dh Alphabets HkkoukRed fodkl dh tk¡p rFkk fgUnh o.kZekyk ds lkFk izLrkfor xfrfof/ vfHku; ckyxhr oLrq Kku cq/okj izkFkZuk A Acting / Proposed activity for the uk'rk djukA Hindi Alphabets of y?kq vodk'k emotional development Wednesday Children's Arrival of Object Short Break • fp=kdkjh djuk song Children. identification (';keiV~V ij) Welcome. jLlh ij pyuk Doing drawing (on xq:okj Checking LorU=k okrkZyki Walking on blackboard) Thursday personal Free conversation string/jumps hygiene. 'kqØokj Prayer. ckâ; [ksy Friday Breakfast. Outdoor play 'kfuokj Hkze.k% izkd`frd&unh ds ikl] igkM+ ds ikl] gkV cktkj] iksLV vkfIkQl] LokLF; Saturday Excursion: of nature, near rivers, near hill, weekly haat /bazar, post *NRrhlx<+ jkT; ds vk/kj ij ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks HkkoukRed cky&fodkl vkSj Lo&fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and Worker towards overall child and self-development. izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy ckyk&lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity BaLA-Resources izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy ckyk&lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity BaLA-Resources ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks 'kkjhfjd] Hkk"kkRed] lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed cky&fodkl vkSj Lo&fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and Worker towards overall child and self-development. ckSf}d lkekftd lEosnukRed iks"k.k ifjokj Hkze.k Cognitive Social Emotional Nutrition Visit Families 10:30 -11:00 11:00 - 11:30 11:30 - 12:00 12:00 - 12:30 12:30 - 2:30 xfrfof/;k¡ Activities 'kkjhfjd] Hkk"kkRed] lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed fodkl dh izLrkfor xfrfof/;k¡ 11:30 -12:00 12:00 - 12:30 12:30 - 1:00 1:00 - 1:30 1:30 - 3:30 Proposed activities for the physical, language, social and emotional development MkbV fdV dk jk"Vzh; ioZ feV~Vh dk • vfHku; ckyxhr @ Acting / Children’s song mi;ksx National f[kykSuk cukuk • ckyxhr @ dgkuh @ Children’s song / Story Using diet Making Celebration • tUefnu eukuk @ Celebrating birthday kit clay - toy iwjd iks"kkgkj • ukpuk xkuk @ Dance-music n'kk Kku tUefnu eukuk forj.k (nSfud dsUnz can djus ls Direction Celebrating ukpuk xkuk ehuw vuqlkj) iwoZ lHkh fjdkMZ iw.kZ Dance Music forj.k iwoZ djuk Sense Birthday xfrfof/;k¡ Activities izfrfnu gkFk Updating feV~Vh dk /ksuk lh[kuk records before cPpksa esa iks"k.k lEca/h izLrkfor xfrfof/ R;kSgkj eukuk f[kykSuk cukuk Proposed activity with children to Supplim- closing the MkbV fdV dk Celebrating Making entary centre relate with nutrition mi;ksx Festival clay - toy Nutrition • iwjd iks"kkgkj forj.k (nSfud ehuw vuqlkj) Using diet [kkus ls igys izfrfnu gkFk /ksuk lh[kuk distribution de ls de 5 kit fidfud eukuk mNyuk dwnuk (as per ifjokjksa esa Hkze.k Supplementary nutrition distribution Going for daily menu) djuk (as per daily menu). Learning to wash Jumping Picnic Learning to Visiting atleast 5 hand before eating vkaxuokM+h esa wash hand families i'kZ Kku Jenku fp=kdkjh before eating Touch Sense Contributing Drawing Labour in AWC dsUnz] xzke i¡pk;r Hkou] 'kkyk vkfn dk vyx & vyx Hkze.k djk,¡A office health centre, Village Panchayat, School, etc. to be visited separately. *Based on Chhattisgarh State ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks iks"k.k lEcU/h fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and Worker towards nutrition related development izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity Resources izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy ckyk&lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity BaLA-Resources ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks 'kkfjfjd vkSj HkkoukRed cky&fodkl vkSj Lo&fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and cky fodkl ds fy, mi;qDr lalk/u Worker towards overall child and Appropriate resources for self-development. child development. vk¡xuokM+h dh le; lkfj.kh* / Time Table of Aanganwadi* fodkl lkekftd 'kkjhfjd Hkk"kkRed vkjke xfrfof/;k¡ Activities Development Social Physical Language Rest HkkoukRed fodkl dh Summer le; izLrkfor xfrfof/ Time fnu 8:30 - 9:00 9:00 - 9:30 9:30 - 10:00 10:00 - 10:30 xehZ es Proposed activity Day for the emotional le; development Time Winter fnu 9:30 - 10:00 10:00 - 10:30 10:30 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:30 lnhZ es • LorU=k okrkZyki Free conversation Day lkseokj O;k;ke cky xhr @ dgkuh Children's Song / Monday cPpksa dk Exercise Story vkxeuA LokxrA fxurh @ vaxzsth o.kZekyk xfrfof/ Activities eaxyokj O;fDrxr ckg; [ksy Counting / English Tuesday LoPNrk dh Outdoor play Alphabets HkkoukRed fodkl dh tk¡p rFkk vfHku; ckyxhr fgUnh o.kZekyk ds lkFk izLrkfor xfrfof/ cq/okj izkFkZuk A Acting / oLrq Kku Proposed activity for the Wednesday uk'rk djukA Children's Hindi Alphabets of y?kq vodk'k emotional development Arrival of Short Break song Object identification • feV~Vh dk f[kykSuk Children. Making clay-toys xq:okj Welcome. jLlh ij pyuk Thursday Checking Walking on personal string/jumps hygiene. 'kqØokj Prayer. ckâ; [ksy LorU=k okrkZyki Friday Breakfast. Outdoor play Free conversation 'kfuokj Hkze.k% izkd`frd&unh ds ikl] igkM+ ds ikl] gkV cktkj] iksLV vkfIkQl] LokLF; Saturday Excursion: of nature, near rivers, near hill, weekly haat /bazar, post *NRrhlx<+ jkT; ds vk/kj ij ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks HkkoukRed cky&fodkl vkSj Lo&fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and Worker towards overall child and self-development. izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy ckyk&lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity BaLA-Resources izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy ckyk&lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity BaLA-Resources ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks 'kkfjfjd] Hkk"kkRed] lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed cky&fodkl vkSj Lo&fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and Worker towards overall child and self-development. ckSf}d lkekftd lEosnukRed iks"k.k ifjokj Hkze.k Cognitive Social Emotional Nutrition Visit Families 10:30 -11:00 11:00 - 11:30 11:30 - 12:00 12:00 - 12:30 12:30 - 2:30 xfrfof/;k¡ Activities ckSf¼d fodkl dh izLrkfor xfrfof/ Proposed activitiy for 11:30 -12:00 12:00 - 12:30 12:30 - 1:00 1:00 - 1:30 1:30 - 3:30 the cognitive development • fn'kk Kku Direction sense MkbV fdV dk jk"Vzh; ioZ feV~Vh dk i;ksx National f[kykSuk cukuk Using diet Making Celebration iwjd iks"kkgkj it clay - toy forj.k (nSfud dsUnz can djus ls xfrfof/;k¡ Activities n'kk Kku tUefnu eukuk ukpuk xkuk ehuw vuqlkj) iwoZ lHkh fjdkMZ iw.kZ Direction Celebrating Dance Music forj.k iwoZ djuk cPpksa esa lkekftd fodkl dh ense Birthday izfrfnu gkFk Updating izLrkfor xfrfof/ feV~Vh dk /ksuk lh[kuk records before Proposed activity for the R;kSgkj eukuk f[kykSuk cukuk Supplim- closing the social development MkbV fdV dk Celebrating Making entary centre • vk¡xuokM+h esa Jenku i;ksx Festival Using diet clay - toy Nutrition Contributing labour in AWC fidfud eukuk distribution de ls de 5 it mNyuk dwnuk (as per ifjokjksa esa Hkze.k Going for Jumping daily menu) djuk Picnic vk¡xuokM+h esa Learning to Visiting atleast 5 i'kZ Kku wash hand families ouch Jenku fp=kdkjh Contributing Drawing before eating ense Labour in AWC dsUnz] xzke i¡pk;r Hkou] 'kkyk vkfn dk vyx & vyx Hkze.k djk,¡A office health centre, Village Panchayat, School, etc. to be visited separately. *Based on Chhattisgarh State ifjosf{kdk vkSj dk;ZdrkZ dks iks"k.k lEcU/h fodkl ds fy, izsfjr vkSj izf'kf{kr djuk Motivation and training of Aanganwadi Supervisor and Worker towards Nutrition related development izf'k{k.k vkSj izsj.kk xfrfof/ ds fy, mi;qDr ekgkSy ckyk&lalk/u Training and Motivation Enabling Setting for Activity BaLA-Resources 3- vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj muds mi;ksx ds lq>ko ckyk&txg dks le>uk Ckkyk&txgsa fdlh LFkku ;k mlds fdlh dksus ;k fgLls dks fdlh xfrfof/ ds Bhd ls gksus dh ifjfLFkfr cukus esa enn djrh gSaA ;s fdlh Hkh xfrfof/ dks l¡nHkZ nsrh gSaA bls dqN mnkgj.kksa ls le>uk vPNk jgsxkA cgq&mi;ksxh pkSdh % ckgj dh ckyk&txgsa ;g pkSdh] viuh cukoV ds dkj.k dbZ rjg dh ckyk&txgsa • ifg;k [ksy&txg ,d dejs ;k ckgj vk¡xu esa] rS;kj djus esa enn dj ldrh • us esa] nwljksa dks lEcksf/r djus esa] [kkuk&[kkus esa] [ksyus esa] cSBd djus esa] vkfnA ckyk&txgsa vUnj] ckgj ewyHkwr lqfo/k,¡ dgha Hkh gks ldrh gSaA budh lwph] la{ksi esa] bl izdkj gS% • tksj&yxk&ikuh&p<+k txg • ikuh ihus dh txg vUnj dh ckyk&txgsa • gkFk /ksus dh txg • eq[; d{k esa lh[kus ds dksus • ew=kky; • cgq&mi;ksxh pkSdh • 'kkSpky; • est Hkh fcLrj Hkh • Hk.Mkj x`g • f[kM+dh&txg • jlksbZ • IkQ'kZ&txg • dejs esa lkeku j[kus dh txg • njokt+k&txg • crZu /ksus dh txg bu ewyHkwr lqfo/k okyh txgksa dks Hkh cky&lqyHkrk dh vUnj dh ckyk&txgksa dk lEcU/ ckgj ls Hkh gksxkA ckgj ^ckyk&utj* ls ns[kk x;k gS] rkfd os cgq&mi;ksxh Hkh gksa dh ckyk&txgsa bl izdkj gks ldrh gS% vkSj cky&fodkl esa Hkh enn djsaA mi;ksx ds lq>ko ifjosf{kdk] dk;ZdÙkkZ vkSj lgkf;dk Hkh viuh t+:jr] jpukRedrk vkSj dYiuk'khyrk ds vuqlkj tksM+ ldrh gSa vkSj nwljksa ls ck¡V ldrh gSaA 26 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj muds mi;ksx ds lq>ko cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx vUnj dh ckyk&txgsa eq[; d{k esa lh[kus [ksyus ds dksus a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a f'k'kqvksa vkSj cPpksa dks ,d gh dejs esa] vdsys vkSj NksVs lewgksa dh fofHkUu xfrfof/ ,d lkFk djokus ds fy,A cgq&mi;ksxh pkSdh a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a ,dy vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/ dh txg dks fofHkUu vkdkj vkSj ifjf/ esa ck¡/us ds vykok] IkQ'kZ ij cSB dj fy[kus vkSj dke djus dh vkjkenk;d lrg & lHkh mi;ksDrkvksa ds fy,A est Hkh fcLrj Hkh a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a cPps bls esT+k ;k fy[kus dh lrg dh rjg mi;ksx esa yk ldrs gSaA fd'kksjh ckfydkvksa ;k efgykvksa dk LokLF; ijh{k.k blh ij gks ldrk gSA uhps dh njktksa vkSj vyekjh esa ,-,u-,e- vkSj dk;ZdrkZ nok,¡] jftLVj] vkfn rkyk cUn djds j[k ldrs gSA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj muds mi;ksx ds lq>ko 27 f[kM+dh&txg a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a cSBus] [kM+s gksus] ckgj ns[kus] mNyrs&dwnus] p<+us ds vykok dbZ xfrfof/;ksa esa ;g mi;ksxh txg gSA IkQ'kZ&txg a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a IkQ'kZ ij xfrfof/ dh txg] ml ij cus ckyk&lalk/u tSls] xksyrkjk jax&vkdkj dh cgqmi;ksxh iafDr] fcUnq&iV~V] fy[kus&[ksyus dh lknh lrg] vkfn ls rS;kj gksrh gS] ftls lHkh rjg ds mi;ksDrk mi;ksx esa yk ldrs gSaA njoktk&txg a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a Åij vkSj uhps vyx dj nsus ls ;g csgrj jks'kuh&gok ds vykok njok”kk Hkh vkSj f[kM+dh Hkh cu tkrk gS & tks dHkh cPpksa ds fy, xqIkQk rks dHkh dk;ZdrkZ ds ckgj dh xfrfof/ ij u”kj j[kus dh f[kM+dh gksrk gSA 28 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj muds mi;ksx ds lq>ko cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx ckgj dh ckyk&txgsa ifg;k [ksy&txg f'k'kq& f'k'kq f'k{kk ns &f'k{kk ns[[kHkky kHkky vkS vkSjj fodkl] fodkl] fd'kks ckfydkvks] a a ds fd”kksjjhh ckfydkvks vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a fy, ] efgykvks cPpksa dh ek¡l&isf'k;ksa ds HkkSfrd fodkl ds vykok] ;s muds lEosnukRed vkSj lkekftd fodkl dh Hkh txg gS] tgk¡ os nwljksa ls lh[kuk] ck¡Vuk] enn djuk tSls l¡Ldkj Hkh lh[krs gSaA cPps ;gk¡ fcuk lgkf;dk @ dk;ZdrkZ ds Hkh xfrfof/ dj ldrs gSaA ko 29 Ckkgj cSBus dh txg a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a ;gk¡ lHkh rjg ds mi;ksDrk ;gk¡ fofHkUu izdkj dh ,dy vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/ dj ldrs gSa tSls & dgkuh @ dfork lqukus dh] ijke'kZ] cSBd ;k nwljksa dh xfrfof/;ksa dks ns[krs jgus] vkfn dhA feV~Vh&jsr ls [ksyus dh txg f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvksa ds fy, cPpksa ds gkFk esa yksp vkSj mudh lw{e ek¡lisf'k;ksa dks rS;kj djus ds vykok ;gk¡ mudh ltZukRedrk vkSj dYiuk'khyrk dks Hkh vkdkj feyrk gS vkSj lkekftd laLdkj Hkh fodflr gksrs gSaA eqDrk¡xu a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a ;g lHkh mi;ksDrkvksa dh lkewfgd xfrfof/;k¡ tSls ukp] xkuk] ukVd] cSBd] ijke'kZ] lHkk] cSBdj [kkuk [kkus dh txg] vkfn esa O;ofLFkr ko cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx eap a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a ;g lHkh mi;ksDrkvksa dh lkewfgd xfrfof/;k¡] tSls ukp] xkuk] dgkuh lquuk] ukVd] cSBd] ijke'kZ] lHkk] ixr esa cSB dj [kkuk [kkus dh txg vkfn dks l¡pkfyr djus dh cgq&mi;ksxh txg gksxhA vk¡xu a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a ;g lkeku IkQSykus] cktkj @ gkV tSlh xfrfof/ ;k vusd lkewfgd xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, cgq&mi;ksxh [kqyh txgA ikuh lgstk] cxhpk cuk;k a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] a vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, ;gk¡ IkQy&IkQwy ds isM+ksa&ikS/ksa] tSls dsyk] iihrk] equxk] xsank] iqnhuk] /fu;k¡] cSaxu] ykSdh dh fdLesa tks de ikuh esa Hkh mxsaxh vkSj cPpksa ds iks"k.k esa iwjd dk dke rks djsaxh gh] lkFk gh gjk&Hkjk izkd`frd okrkoj.k cukus esa Hkh enn djsaxhA izd`fr ds ikl gks dj izfØ;kvksa dks è;ku ls ns[kuk vkSj le>uk cPpksa esa & mUgsa cqfu;knh ewY;] lEcU/ksa dh csgrj le>] l¡lkj dks ns[kus&le>us&cjrus dh n`f"V cukus vkSj fVdkÅiu (Sustainability) ds dbZ vk;ke tkuus&le>us esa cgqr enn djsxkA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj muds mi;ksx ds lq>ko 31 isM+&ikS/ksa dh txg a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a bl txg esa ,sls isM+&ikS/s gksa] ftuesa dqN u dqN ges'kk gh cPpksa dks vkdf"kZr djs & tSls dHkh IkQwy f[kysa] jax fn[ks] [kq'kcw vk;s] rks dHkh u;h iRrh vk;s] dHkh IkQy vk;sa] rks dHkh i{kh vk;saA dqN Nk;knkj isM+ Hkh gksa- isM+&ikS/ksa dh iRrh] IkQwy] IkQy] M¡By] xqByh] cht] cPpksa dh xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, lalk/u cus] cPpksas dk izd`fr ls lEcU/ fodflr gksaA ikuh ls [ksyus dh txg a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a ikuh cPpksa dks ges'kk gh vkdf"kZr djrk gSA mls eglwl djuk] vius dks xhyk djuk] mls cgkuk] dqN rSjkus] ;k NhaVs fNrjkus esa mUgsa etk vkrk gSA ;gk¡ B¡Mk&xje] cgus] mM+us] fNrjkus] rSjus] Mwcus] rjy] Bksl tSls LFkkfud xq.k cPps [ksy&[ksy esa lh[krs gSaA 32 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&txgsa vkSj muds mi;ksx ds lq>ko cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx ewyHkwr lqfo/k,¡ f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl (f'k-f'k-ns-fo-)] fd'kksjh ckfydkvksa (fd-ck-) efgykvksa (e-) vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa (v-dk-l-) tksj&yxk&ikuh&p<+k txg f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, LoPN ikuh dh miyC/rk ;fn Hkwty ds :Ik esa gks rks blds ekè;e ls Nr ij j[kh ikuh dh V¡dh cPps vkSj lgkf;dk gh Hkj ldrs gSa vkSj gkFk /ksus vkSj ihus&[kkus esa LoPN ikuh izkIr dj ldrs gSaA ;g lHkh mi;ksDrkvksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA ikuh ihus dh txg f'k-f'k-ns-fo-] fd-ck-] e-] v-dk-l- ds fy, gkFk /ksus dh txg f'k-f'k-ns-fo-] fd-ck-] e-] v-dk-l- ds fy, cPpksa dh Å¡pkbZ vkSj O;ogkj ds vuqlkj LoPN ikuh ihus dh cPpksa dh Å¡pkbZ vkSj O;ogkj ds vuqlkj [kkus ds igys txg] ftls os Lo;a gh mi;ksx esa yk ldsaA vkSj 'kkSp ds ckn gkFk /ksus dh txg ftls os Lo;a gh mi;ksx esa yk ldsa vkSj viuh vknr Mky ldsaA ;g lHkh mi;ksDrkvksa ds fy, Hkh mi;ksxh gSA ew=kky; f'k-f'k-ns-fo-] fd-ck-] e-] v-dk-l- ds fy, 'kkSpky; f'k-f'k-ns-fo-] fd-ck-] e-] v-dk-l- ds fy, cky&eu ds vuq:i] FkksM+k cUn] FkksM+k [kqyk lkewfgd vke 'kkSpky; dks FkksM+s cnyko ls f'k'kq&lqyHk vkSj ew=kky;] ftlesa lgh txg ij] lgh le; ij LpPNrk ds efgyk&lqyHk 'kkSpky; esa ko 33 Hk.Mkj&x`g f'k-f'k-ns-fo-] fd-ck-] e-] v-dk-l- ds fy, jlksbZ f'k-f'k-ns-fo-] fd-ck-] e-] v-dk-l- ds fy, iks"kd vkgkj dks nhed] pwgksa] vkfn ls cpkuk vkSj lw[kh txg i;kZIr izkd`frd jks'kuh vkSj gok] /q,¡ dh mi;qDr ij O;ofLFkr vkSj lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, yksgs ds iYyksa okyh fudklh ds vykok] cSB dj dke djus dh txg] jk'ku] vyekfj;k¡ vko';d gSaA lkFk gh d{k esa izkd`frd okrk;u HkhA elkys] crZu] pwYgk] b±/u] vkfn j[kus dk i;kZIr b¡rtke] ftlls lgkf;dk bRehuku ls vPNk Hkkstu cPpksa ds fy, cuk ldsaA dejs esa lkeku j[kus dh txg a efgykvks] f'k'kq&f'k{kk ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl] fd'kksjh ckfydkvks] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa ds fy, a f'k{k.k lkexzh] rkfydk,¡] jftLVj] vk¡dM+s] pkVZ] t:jh fdrkcsa] O;fDrxr lkeku] vkfn O;ofLFkr ko cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx 4- tks gj vk¡xuokM+h esa gks ldrk gS ;g lEHko gS fd izR;sd vk¡xuokM+h esa rqjar lHkh dqN u miyC/ gks lds_ ,slh dqN ckyk&txg vkSj ckyk&lalk/u tks izR;sd vk¡xuokM+h esa fdlh u fdlh rjg t+#j gksa] bldh lwph ;gk¡ nh xbZ gS% NqV~Vs Vk;j Vk;j ixMUMh Vk;j mB~Bd&cSBd Vk;j&ikuh [ksy • xhyh feV~Vh ls [ksyus dh txg yq<+dus&iq<+dus ds ko dsoy ,d 'kq#vkr djus lkFk gh vkrs gSa] tcfd mudh {kerkvksa vkSj le> esa vUrj ds fy, gSaA ifjosf{kdk,¡] dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk Hkh viuh gksrk gS] vr% ,d gh rjg dh xfrfof/ lHkh ds fy, ,d t+:jr] jpukRedrk vkSj dYiuk'khyrk ds vk/kj ij cgqr lkFk mi;qDr gks ;g t+:jh ughaA blfy, tks Hkh xfrfof/;k¡ dqN u;k vkSj ekSfyd tksM+ ldrh gSa vkSj nwljksa ls vius f'k'kqvksa ds lkFk gks jgh gS] mlesa /hjs&/hjs tfVyrk ykuk vuqHko ck¡V ldrh gSaA t+:jh gksxk] ftlls FkksM+s cM+s cPps Hkh mldk ykHk ys ldsaA ;g ckr ckyk lalk/uksa ds mi;ksx ds le; è;ku nsuh gksxhA tgk¡ t+:jr gks ogk¡] ,d gh xfrfof/ ljy vkSj tfVy uk 3- nks vyx Hkkj dh oLrqvksa dh rqyuk djuk 4- ;g le>uk fd nks oLrq,¡] tks ,d lh fn[krh gSa] t+:jh ugha fd mudk Hkkj Hkh ,d lk gks 5- Nwus vkSj ns[kus dh bfUnz; ls vyx&vyx oLrqvksa dk Hkkj vuqekfur djuk 6- cPpksa dks muds vkl&ikl dh nqfu;k ds vlyh mnkgj.kksa ls tksM+uk 7- etk vkSj eLrh djuk 8- [kqn gh djuk vkSj blls vkRefo'okl c<+kuk 9- lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk dke djuk vkSj ck¡Vuk lh[kuk 10- vo/kj.kk Bhd ls le>us ds dkj.k Lo;a ds ckjs esa ldkjkRed Nfo cukuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ dqN vyx oLrq,¡ ysa & isafly] pkWd ds VqdM+s] eqM+s dkxt+] isu] pEep] dVksjh] nky] pkoy] vkfnA bUgsa rjktw esa j[kdj Hkkj dh rqyuk djsa vkSj crk,¡ Hkkjh D;k gS] gYdk D;k gS\ ppkZ djsa fd cPps dSls irk yxk,¡ fad Hkkjh D;k gS] gYdk D;k gS\ xfrfof/ 2 ,d tSlh fn[kus okyh oLrqvksa dk Hkkj djok,¡A tSls nks iRFkjA nksuksa dk Hkkj ,d tSlk ugha gksxkA blds t+fj, cPpksa dks crk,¡ fd vUrj D;k gS\ ,d ls Hkkj dh oLrqvksa ds cjkcj Hkkj Hkh le>saA xfrfof/ 3 ,d tSlh u fn[kus okyh oLrqvksa dk Hkkj djok,¡A tSls ,d iRFkj vkSj ,d ydM+hA nksuksa dk Hkkj ,d tSlk ugha gksxkA blds t+fj, cPpksa dks crk,¡ fd vUrj D;ksa gS\ 38 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx xfrfof/ 4 cPpksa dksa crk,¡ fd vly esa gYdk&Hkkjh dk bLrseky dgk¡&dgk¡ gksrk gS] tSls nqdku ij] vkVk pDdh ij] lCt+h okys ds ikl] vkfnA xfrfof/ 5 cPpksa dks cUnj ck¡V dh dgkuh lquk,¡ fcYyh vkSj cUnj dh dgkuh ,d xk¡o esa nks fcfYy;k¡ jgrh FkhaA og vkil esa cgqr I;kj ls jgrh FkhaA mUgsa tks dqN feyrk Fkk] mls vkil esa ck¡Vdj [kk;k djrh FkhaA ,d fnu mUgsa ,d jksVh feyhA mls cjkcj&cjkcj ck¡Vrs le; muesa >xM+k gks x;kA ,d fcYyh dks viuh jksVh dk VqdM+k nwljh fcYyh dh jksVh ds VqdM+s ls NksVk yxkA ijUrq nwljh fcYyh dks viuh jksVh dk VqdM+k cM+k ugha yxkA fd nksuks VqdM+s cgqr NksVs&NksVs jg x, gSa rks og cUnj ls cksyha & tc nksuksa fcfYy;k¡ fdlh le>kSrs ij ugha igq¡p ik;ha rks os ,d ^vki fpUrk uk djsa] ge vius vki c¡Vokjk dj ysxha *A cUnj ds ikl x;haA mUgksusa cUnj dks lkjh ckr crkbZ vkSj mlls bl ij cUnj cksyk & *tSlk vki Bhd le>ks] ijUrq eq>s Hkh U;k; djus ds fy, dgkA lkjh ckr lqudj cUnj ,d rjkt+w ys viuh esgur dh et+nwjh feyuh pkfg, *A bruk dgdj cUnj us dj vk;k vkSj nksuks VqdM+s ,d&,d iyM+s esa j[k fn;sA rksyrs jksVh ds cps gq, nksuks VqdM+s vius eq¡g esa Hkj fy, vkSj fcfYy;ksa le; tks iyM+k Hkkjh gqvk] ml okyh rjktw ls mlus FkksM+h lh dks ogk¡ ls Hkxk fn;kA jksVh rksM+dj vius eq¡g esa Mky yhA bl rjg cUnj dHkh bl nksuksa fcfYy;ksa dks viuh xyrh ij cgqr nq[k gqvk vkSj mUgsa rjkt+w ls rks dHkh ml rjkt+w ls jksVh T+;knk gksus dk dgdj] jksVh le> esa vk x;k dh vkil fd IkQwV cgqr cqjh ckr gksrh gS vkSj rksM+dj] vius eq¡g esa Mky ysrkA nksuksa fcfYy;k¡ pqipki cUnj ds nwljs bldk IkQk;nk mBk ldrs gSaA IkQSlys dk b¡rt+kj djrh jghaA ijUrq tc nksuksa fcfYy;ksa us ns[kk xfrfof/ 6 cPpksa ls dgsa fd os vklikl ds okrkoj.k ls dqN a pht+s ,d=k djsa vkSj gYdk&Hkkjh cjkcj [kqn gh ukisA nwljs mi;ksx lgkf;dk bl rjktw dk mi;ksx jlksbZ esa [kkuk cukus ds fy,] elkys] vkfn ukius ds fy, Hkh dj ldrh gSA è;ku nhft, nhokj rjktw dks yVdkus ds fy, lknk gqd u yxkrs gq, ,d yksgs dk cUnj yxk;k tk ldrk gSA (ns[ksa igyk fp=k) ;g cUnj NRrhlx<+ dh fiVs yksgs dh gLrdyk dk Hkh csgrjhu uewuk gSA dyk vkSj lh[kus&fl[kkus dh izfd;k dks tksM+us dh dksf'k'k ;gk¡ dh xbZ gSA <+w<+sa] D;k vkids bykds esa ,slh dksbZ vkSj lEHkkouk gS\ vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 39 [k- IkQ'kZ ij] jax&vkdkj dh cgq&mi;ksxh iafDr mi;ksx • jax] vkdkj] l¡[;k tkuus ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- jaxksa dh igpku 2- HkkSfrd fodkl & l¡rqfyr uk 6- lh/s] frjNs] Vs<+s] ?kqekonkj dh vo/kj.kk le>uk 7- vyx&vyx vkdkjksa dh tkudkjh 8- vkdkjksa dks vkl&ikl dh phtksa ls tksM+uk 9- l¡[;k&Hkko fodflr djuk 10- vf/d&de dh vo/kj.kk le>uk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ jaxksa ds uke ysxh & tks jax] jax&vkdkj dh cgq&mi;ksxh iafDr eas gaS] cPps mls igpku dj ml ij dksbZ oLrq IkQsdasxs ;k j[ksaxsA xfrfof/ 2 cPpksa ls jax&vkdkj dh cgq&mi;ksxh iafDr ij ,d iSj ls dwnus dks dgsaA vxj cPpk cgqr NksVk gks rks dwnus dh ctk,] og py Hkh ldrk gSA flIkQZ bruk è;ku t+:j nsa fd cPpk viuk ik¡o vkdkj ls ckgj u fudkysA xfrfof/ 3 l¡[;k ds [kkus ij l¡[;k vuqlkj oLrq,¡ j[ksa* & tSls ^4^ dh l¡[;k ij pkj dadM+ ;k pkj iÙkh j[ksaA 40 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx xfrfof/ 4 cPpksa ls l¡[;k vkSj oLrq feykus dks dgsaA pkWd ls l¡[;k vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ Hkh fy[k ldrh gSaA xfrfof/ 5 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks viuh viuh yEckbZ ds vuqlkj Øec¼ rjhds ls [kM+s gksus ds fy, dgsaA fxurh ds Øe esa jax&vkdkj dh cgq&mi;ksxh iafDr ij igys ls l¡[;k fy[kh gksxhA ysfdu vxj ugha gS rks dk;ZdrkZ mls pkWd ls fy[k ldrh gSA xfrfof/ 6 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks vkd`fr ds ckjs esa crk,¡ vkSj muls ;g Hkh iwNas fd ,slh vkd`fr;k¡ mUgksusa dgk¡&dgk¡ ns[kha gSa\ vU; mnkgj.k vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 41 x- nhokj ij] ekid&Ldsy mi;ksx • Å¡pkbZ ekius vkSj vUrj le>us ds fy, • Å¡pkbZ dks] vius uke ds v{kjksa ls tksM+us ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- NksVs&cM+s ;k Å¡ps&uhps dh vo/kj.kk le>us eas mi;ksxh 2- n`f"V ls vankt yxkus ds fy, mi;ksxh 3- Å¡pkbZ ekius ds lgh rjhds & tSls lh/s [kM+s gks dj ekiuk] fcuk twrs@pIiy ds 4- vo/kj.kk Bhd ls le>us ds dkj.k Lo;a ds ckjs esa ldkjkRed Nfo cuuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ NksVs cPpksa dh Å¡pkbZ ukisaxh vkSj Å¡pkbZ dk fu'kku yxk dj uke lkIkQ vkSj cM+s v{kjksa esa fy[ksaxhA /hjs&/hjs cPps vius uke ds v{kj igpkuus yxsaxsA xfrfof/ 2 dk;ZdrkZ NksVs&cM+s@Å¡ps&ukVs dh vo/kj.kk xfrfof/&1 djds le>k ldrh gSaA xfrfof/ 3 bls fd'kksjh ckfydkvksa vkSj efgykvksa ds LokLF; ijh{k.k esa vk¡dM+s ntZ djus ds mi;ksx esa Hkh yk;k tk ldrk gSA xfrfof/ 4 dk;ZdrkZ NksVs xeys esa tkS@/ku ;k xsg¡w tSls fdlh Hkh rst+h ls c<+us okys ikS/s dks yxkdj mls bl ekid Ldsy ds ikl j[k ldrh gSA cPps mlds gj fnu c<+us dh rqyuk fiNys fnu dh c<+r ls dj ldrs gSaA 42 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx ?k- f[kM+dh ;k nhokj ij fxurkjk mi;ksx • l¡[;k&Hkko le>us vkSj fodflr djus ds fy, • fxurh fxuus ds fy, rS;kjh lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- jax igpkuuk 2- jaxksa ds ekè;e ls l¡[;k&Hkko fodflr djuk 3- ,dy vkSj lewg dh vo/kj.kk le>uk 4- NYyksa dks ljdkus ls m¡xyh dh isf'k;ksa dk lw{e fodkl 5- nk,¡&ck,¡ dh vo/kj.kk cukuk 6- rst&/hjs dh vo/kj.kk cukuk 7- vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk et+k djus dk vuqHko 8- fcuk Mjs ubZ vo/kj.kk,¡ lh[kuk vkSj blds dkj.k u;k lh[kus dh izsj.kk gksuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 3 ,d jax dk NYyk nk,¡ ys tk,¡] nwljs jax dk NYyk ck,¡ xfrfof/ 1 ys tk,¡A NYyksa dk jax bu vo/kj.kkvksa ls tksM+dj cPpksa fxurkjk ds NYyksa ij vyx&vyx jax fd;s x;s gSaA dks crk,¡ dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks jax igpkuus ds fy, dg nwljs mi;ksx ldrh gSaA 1- Xkfrfof/;k¡ cPpksa ds lkFk vdsys ;k NksVs lewg esa dh xfrfof/ 2 tk ldrh gSA vyx&vyx jax ds NYyksa dks vyx&vyx ukA xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 cPpksa dks nh xbZ @ miyC/ txg ds vUnj gh gkFk ls cM+s vkdkj cukus dks dgsaA • /hjs&/hjs dqN fnuksa esa mUgsa NksVs vkSj fIkQj nks iafDr ds chp gh bu vkdkjksa dks cukus ds fy, rS;kj djsaA • ,slk can vkdkjksa & tSls o`r] pkSdksj] vk;r] f=kdks.k] lh/h js[kk] Vs<+h&js[kk] vkM+h&frjNh js[kk] ?kqekonkj js[kk & bu lHkh ds lkFk djsaA • ^8* ;k ^m* vkdkj ds v¡d ;k v{kj bUgha js[kkvksa ls cuok,¡A • bUgsa ,slh vkdkj dh js[kkvkas ds Åij Hkh cuok ldrs gaSA 44 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx xfrfof/ 2 vyx&vyx tkuoj @ dhM+s @ fpfM+;k¡ fdl rjg pyrs @ jsaxrs @ mM+rs gSa & bl ij gko&Hkko ds lkFk ppkZ djsaA • ,d mnkgj.k & ,d [kjxks'k FkkA og xktj [kkus cxhps esa x;k] [kjxks'k dSls x;k\ js[kkvksa ds ekè;e ls mls dqykpsa ekjrs gq, ekxZ ls tkrk gqvk fn[kk,¡A • ,d e/qeD[kh vius NÙks ls cgqr nwj fudy vkbZA fIkQj og okfil dSls xbZ\ js[kkvksa ds ekè;e ls mls Åij&uhps] fHkufHkukrs gq, ekxZ ls okil tkrk gqvk fn[kk,¡A xfrfof/ 3 LFkkuh; yksd&dykvksa esa ,slh fofHkUu vkd`fr;k¡ cPpksa ds lkFk [kkstsa vkSj mudh lq¡njrk ij ppkZ djsaA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 45 p- f[kM+dh ds t¡xys & fy[kkus dh rS;kjh esa lgk;d mi;ksx • fy[kus dh rS;kjh ds fy, • LFkkfud xq.kksa dh le> ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- cPpksa dh eksVh vkSj lw{e&isf'k;k¡ rS;kj djuk vkSj etcwr djuk & d¡/ksa ls] dksguh ls] dykbZ ls] m¡xyh rd 2- n`f"V vkSj gkFk ds fgykus esa lkeUtL; cukuk 3- tkuojksa vkSj fpfM+;ksa ds [ksy vkSj dgkuh x<+uk vkSj vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk [ksyuk @ lquuk @ lqukuk 4- LFkkfud xq.kksa dks le>uk & tSls nk,¡&ck,¡] Åij&uhps] vkxs&ihNs 5- rst vkSj /hjs dh vo/kj.kk le>uk 6- lh/k] ?kqekonkj] frjNs pyus&fIkQjus ds vUrj le>uk 7- vyx&vyx jaxksa vkSj tkuojksa dks igpkuuk 8- ,dkxzrk vkSj è;ku dsafnzr djuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 f[kM+dh dh ?kqekonkj lyk[kksa vkSj mu ij V¡xs tkuoj vkSj fpfM+;k¡ dgkuh ds ik=k cu ldrs gaSA dk;ZdrkZ jkst+ u;h ifjfLFkfr;k¡ lksp dj cuk ldrha gaS] ftleas cPps vius dYiuk'khyrk ls vkSj Hkh u;k tksM+ dgkuh cuk ldrs gSaA f[kM+dh bu dgkfu;ksa dks lyk[kksa ij e¡fpr djus dk t+fj;k cu dj mls thoUr cuk ldrh gSA xfrfof/ 2 vkdkjksa esa yxk NYyk] fcuk NM+ dks Nq,] ?kqekuk vkSj vkxs&ihNs ,dkxzrk ls djukA igys cgqr /hjs] fIkQj /hjs vkSj vH;kl ds ckn rst+ vkSj cgqr rst+ xfr ls djukA xfrfof/ 3 tkuojksa dks NM+ ds jkLrs nk,¡&ck,¡] Åij&uhps] vkxs&ihNs] rst vkSj /hjs] lh/s] ?kqekonkj] frjNs] vkfn dh vo/kj.kk cPpksa dks iznf'kZr djuk vkSj le>kukA è;ku nhft, xfrfof/ 4 taxys ij tkuoj&fpfM+;ksa dh vkd`fr u, [ksy cukukA fofHkUu tkuojksa] fpfM+;ksa dh vkd`fr igpkuukA NRrhlx<+ esa cLrj dh fiVs yksgs dh LFkkuh; dyk dk Hkh mi;ksx cky lqyHk xfrfof/ 5 rjhds ls gks ldrk gSA fofHkUu jaxksa ds tkuojksa vkSj fpfM+;kas dks igpkuukA 46 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx N- nhokj ij] fy[kkbZ dh rS;kjh esa lgk;d] x<+h vkd`fr;k¡ mi;ksx • fy[kus dh rS;kjh ds fy, • LFkkfud xq.kksa dks le>us ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- lEosnukvksa dk fodkl 2- mHkjs&xgjs] tSls LFkkfud xq.kksa dh vo/kj.kk le>uk 3- vU; LFkkfud xq.kksa dh] tSls & nk,¡&ck,¡] Åij&uhps] vkxs&ihNs] rst vkSj /hjs dh vo/kj.kk le>uk 4- dqN vkdkjksa dks cukus ds fy, gkFk vkSj Å¡xyh fdl fn'kk esa vkSj dSls ?kqekus gSa & ;g Hkh le>uk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 x<+h js[kkvksa esa Å¡xyh Mkydj pyuk & vkxs&ihNs nksuksa fn'kkvksa esaA xfrfof/ 2 ;g vkd`fr;k¡ vklikl ds l¡lkj esa vkSj dgk¡ fn[krh gS] ;g lkspuk vkSj igpku djukA xfrfof/ 3 js[kkvksa dh vkd`fr;ksa dks dqN v¡dksa vkSj v{kjkas ds vkdkjksa ls tksM+ dj ns[kukA xfrfof/ 4 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa ls vyx&vyx LFkkfud xq.kksa tSls] mHkjs&xgjs] nk,¡&ck,¡] Åij&uhps] vkxs&ihNs] rst vkSj /hjs ds ckjs esa iwNsaA ;s dgk¡ gksrs gSa] bl ij ppkZ djsaA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 47 t- fp=k cukus @ fy[kus dh lknh lrgsa mi;ksx • dgkuh x<+us vkSj lqukus ds fy, • fy[kus dh rS;kjh ds fy, • fp=k cukus ds fy, • xksnk&xknh djus ds fy, • viuh jpukRed vfHkO;fDr ds fy, • fd'kksjh ckfydkvksa @ efgykvksa ls lkFk ppkZ ds nkSjku dqN fy[kdj @ fpf=kr dj @ cukdj fn[kkus ds fy, • viuk uke fy[kus ;k nLr[kr djuk lh[kus ds fy, • o;Ldksa ds fy, dksbZ t:jh lwpuk@tkudkjh nsus ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- n`f"V vkSj Li'kZ ds lkeUtL; dks vuqHko djus vkSj xfrfof/ 4 c<+kus ds fy, v¡xwBs dks pkWd ikmMj esa Mqckdj mldh vkd`fr ds bZn&fxnZ 2- viuh ckr dgus dk vkRefo'okl c<+kus ds fy, vkSj tkuoj] fpfM+;k¡ cukukA 3- lq#fpiw.kZ ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ fy[kus dh lrg ij fdlh Hkh dgkuh dk fp=k cuk ldrh gS ;k dksbZ Hkh fp=k cuk dj dgkuh x<+ dj lquk ldrh gSA bls nhokj ij fy[kus dh lrg ij djuk csgrj gksxkA xfrfof/ 6 xfrfof/ 2 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks vH;kl ;k viuh xksnk&xknh djus ds cPps jaxhu pkWd ls dqN Hkh fy[kuk vkSj fp=kdkjh djuk lh[k fy, izsfjr dj ldrh gSaA nwljs cPps D;k cuk jgs gSa] D;k ldrs gSAa fy[k jgs gSa & ;g ns[kus ds fy, izsfjr dj ldrh gSaA xfrfof/ 3 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa ls fp=kdkjh djok ldrh gS ftlds fy, pkSdh ij fy[kus dh lrg dks Hkh bLrseky esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA 48 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx >- lkeku j[kus @ iznf'kZr djus ds vkys @ iV~V @ ydM+h dh iV~Vh] Vk¡xus dh [kw.Vh mi;ksx • iznf'kZr djus ds pkVZ] oLrq,¡] bdV~Bh dh xbZ phtsa] cPpksa }kjk cukbZ xbZ d`fr;k¡ j[kus] lHkh dks fn[kus ds fy, • pkVZ ;k vU; cM+h lkexzh Vk¡xus ds fy, • lq#fpiw.kZ uk lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- ets+ ds fy, i<+uk vkSj fdrkcksa ls viuk lEcU/ cukuk 2- ys[ku ds fofHkUu cqfu;knh rjhdksa] tSls & dfork] dgkuh] fp=k] js[kkfp=k ls lEcU/ cukuk 3- tks i<+k gS] mls rdZ&laxr Øe esa i<+uk & ekSf[kd] fp=k ;k fy[kus ds uk 10- vuq'kklu vkSj fu;e le>uk 50 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 • dkMZ ;k fdrkcsa lEHkky dj fudkyuk dk;ZdrkZ fdrkc ls dgkuh ;k] dfork i<+us ds ckn bl ij ppkZ • fdrkc iyVuk vkSj mldks ns[kuk @ i<+uk djsx a h fd D;k gks jgk gS\& (;g crk;sx a h ugha )A os bl rjg ds • fdrkc [kksyuk @ cUn djuk iz'u iwNx s ^D;k gqvk \* ^oks xqLlk D;ksa gqvk \* ^D;k rqe sa h] tSl& • fp=kdFkk ij ppkZ djuk ,sls fdlh dks tkurs gks \* ^D;k yksx ,sls O;fDr dks ilan djrs • fdrkcksa esa cuh vyx&vyx oLrq,¡] tkuoj] fpfM+;k¡] gSa \* ^vkSj D;k fd;k tk ldrk Fkk\* ^;fn ;g dgkuh ,sls ugha] IkQy] ouLifr] yksx] jax] vkdkj vkfn igpkuuk oSlh gksrh] rks D;k gksrk \*] bR;kfnA • nwljksa dks dgkuh i<+dj lqukuk dqN vU; lq>ko • fdrkcksa ls viuh gh ubZ dfork] dgkuh ;k u;k • tks oLrq tgk¡ ls mBkbZ xbZ gS] og ogha j[kh tk, fp=k cukuk • [kqn ft+Eesnkjh ds lkFk dkMZ @ fdrkcksa dks Bhd ls j[k • fdrkc txg ij okil j[kuk ldsa] blds fy, igys mnkgj.k cukuk] fIkQj cPpksa dks blds fy, rS;kj djukA è;ku nhft, LFkkuh; ,oa lgk;rk lewg Hkh diM+s@pVkbZ ;k fdlh nwljs rjhds ls bl rjg dh fdrkc @ dkMZ j[kus dk dksuk cuk ldrs gSaA bls O;kid Lrj ij dbZ vk¡xuokfM+;ksa esa fn;k tk ldrk gSA blls mudk jkst+xkj Hkh c<+sxkA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 51 V- yksd&dyk,¡ mi;ksx • lkaSn;Z dks lq#fpiw.kZ uk_ lkaLd`frd igpku cukuk vkSj mlesa viuh txg vkSj [ksy&[ksyuk] fp=kksa ls ckrphr djuk] dgkuh cukuk & ;ksX;rk vuqHko djuk bu lc ij ppkZ djuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko ds uewu]s nSfud thou ds mi;ksx dh oLrq,]¡ Mfy;k¡] vkfnA dk;ZdrkZ ;g ppkZ djsa fd budk D;k mi;ksx gS vkSj bUgsa dSls xfrfof/ 1 cuk;k tkrk gS\ bu dh NksVh lh izn'kZuh Hkh yxkbZ tk ldrh gSA dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks a mUgsa buesa ls dbZ is'kksa ds yksx cPpksa ds vfHkHkkod gks ldrs gSA yksd&dyk ds ekè;e ls bl xfrfof/ eas 'kkfey gksus vkSj cPpksa dks vius is'kksa ds ckjs eas gekjs R;kSgkjks]a l¡Ld`fr] jax] crkus ds fy, vkefU=kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA oLrqvka]s vkd`fr;ka]s fxurh] xfrfof/ 4 okrkoj.k] txg vkfn ds ckjs R;kSgkjksa vkSj [kkl ekSdksa ij eas crk ldrh gaA S dk;ZdrkZ dqN vfHkHkkodksa xfrfof/ 2 ls vk¡xuokM+h vkdj dgkuh] ikSjkf.kd dFkk,¡] yksddFkk,¡ cPpksa dks ljy uk 2- lkekftd fodkl • ftKklk vkSj rdZ&l¡xr fopkj fodflr djuk 3- HkkoukRed fodkl (yksd&dyk esa fn, x, mnkgj.k Hkh ns[ksa) xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 2 dk;ZdrkZ fp=kdFkk ds ek/;e ls ppkZ djds & lksp] ftKklk xfrfof/ 1 vkSj rdZ&l¡xr fopkj fodflr dj ldrh gaA S bl fp=kdFkk dks dbZ rjg ls mi;ksx esa yk,¡ & fpfM+;ksa ds izdkj] NksV& s cM+s ds vUnj] dkSu rSjrk gS] dkSu ugha] fdruh la[;k] vkfn xfrfof/ 3 ds fy,_ lkFk gh dgkuh dh nwljh 'kq#vkr ;k vUr ds fy, Hkh dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dh viuh jpukRedrk dk bLrseky djds Hkh lkspus dks dgsAa cgqr dqN u;k djk ldrh gS & tSls u;h dgkuh] u;s fp=k fp=kdFkk ds dqN vkSj mnkgj.k ftls vklkuh ls dk;ZdrkZ viuh vk¡xuokM+h esa cuok ldrh gaS% 3- [kjxks'k dh cÙk[kksa ds lkFk ikuh esa lSj! 4- nksLrh vkSj lk>s esa nksuksa dk IkQk;nk! è;ku nhft, vius bykds dh yksd dFkkvksa esa ls dqN pquko fd;k tk ldrk gSA bls LFkkuh; yksddyk ds ekè;e ls fpf=kr Hkh dj ldrs gaSA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 53 M- NksVs&cM+s dh vo/kj.kk mi;ksx • cPpksa dks le> esa vkus okys fp=k vkSj oLrqvksa ls cM+s&NksVs dh vo/kj.kk le>ukA lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- vius vkl&iM+ksl dh nqfu;k¡ le>uk 2- rqyuk dk cks/ fodflr djuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 njokt+s ij cuk, x, NksVs cM+s fp=kksa ls cPpksa dks voxr djok,¡ xfrfof/ 2 cPpksa ls vius vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k esa miyC/ NksVh&cM+h sa oLrqvkas ds ckjs eas iwNA mnkgj.k% s cM+s dkSu dkSu gS\ bl fp=kdFkk esa NksV& a 54 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx <- nhokj ij vkd`fr&dfork okyk iV~V mi;ksx • cPps dh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj jpukRedrk c<+kus ds fy, • vkd`fr igpkuus ds fy, • cuh gqbZ vkd`fr ij vk/kfjr fp=k] xhr ;k dfork cukus ds fy, • vkdkj ds vUnj vkSj ckgj nksuksa gh rjiQ ns[kuk vkSj viuh jpuk esa mls lekfgr djuk lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- lw{e&isf'k;ksa ds dkS'ky fodflr djuk 2- fp=k cukus dk dkS'ky fodflr djuk 3- fof'k"V vkd`fr;ksa dks vkl&iM+ksl dh nqfu;k esa igpkuuk 4- jax Hkjuk 5- vkdkjksa dk Kku 6- ,d gh vkdkj ls ljy ls tfVy vkd`fr;k¡ cukuk 7- vdsys vkSj NksVs lewgksa esa ijLij lg;ksx ls dke djus dk dkS'ky fodflr djuk 8- ets ls lh[kuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks okrkoj.k esa fofHkUu vkdkj] tSls xksy (cVu] vk¡[kksa dh iqryh] Fkkyh] dVksjh)] vk;r (dkWih] jftLVj] cksM]Z pkVZ) frdksu] ¡ us dks dgsA vkfn fn[kk,¡A fIkQj cPpksa ls bUgsa vklikl ko xfrfof/ 1 xfrfof/ 3 cPps lIkQsn ;k jaxhu pkWd ls dqN Hkh fy[k vkSj fp=kdkjh dj js[kkvksa dh vkd`fr;ksa dks dqN v¡dksa vkSj v{kjkas ds vkdkjksa a dk;ZdrkZ blds fy, izfs jr djsA ldrs gSA a ;g ,dy ;k lkewfgd ls tksMd+j ns[kukA xfrfof/ gks ldrh gSA xfrfof/ 4 xfrfof/ 2 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa ls vyx&vyx LFkkfud xq.kksa (vkxs&ihNs] tc cPps ,d dfork lh[k tk,¡] rks dk;ZdrkZ bls bl nhokj Åij&uhps] vUnj&ckgj] nk,¡&ck,¡] nwj&ikl] vkfn) ds ckjs ij fy[k ldrh gSA a vkSj cPpksa dks i<+dj] m¡xyh dks cksys tk esa iwNsaA + s gq,] bl rjg crk ldrh gaS fd os ;g jgs 'kCnksa ds lkFk tksMr le>as fd cksys gq, 'kCn] fpUgkas ds ekè;e ls Hkh O;Dr fd, tk ldrs gSAa blls /hjs&/hjs fy[ks 'kCn dk egRo cPpksa dks le> esa vk,xkA fp=k cukuk fcUnqvksa dks tksM+ dj vkd`fr cukuk Xkksnk&xknh djuk 56 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx Rk- IkQ'kZ ij fcUnq&iV~V mi;ksx • fp=k cukus ds fy, • js[kk cukus ds fy, • LFkkfud vk;ke tSls vkxs&ihNs] nk,¡&ck,¡ le>us ds fy, • iSVuZ cukus ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- n`f"V vkSj gkFk dk lw{e lkeUtL; fodflr djuk 2- fcUnqvksa dks tksM+us ls m¡xfy;ksa dh xfr vkSj pky fodflr djuk 3- xkSj ls ns[kdj LFkkfud xq.kksa vkSj vk;keksa dks le>uk vkSj fodflr djuk 4- fcUnqvksa dks tksM+ ds vkdkj cukuk & u, vkdkj ko xfrfof/ 1 xfrfof/ 6 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks NksVs lewg esa (1&2 ;k 3&4 cPpksa dk lewg) iSVuZ cukuk] fpUg cukukA q ksa dks tksMr pkWd ls fcanv + s gq, LFkkfud xq.k le>k ldrh gS & tSl]s vkxs&ihNs] nk,¡&ck,¡] Åij&uhps] vUnj&ckgj] eè;] vkfnA xfrfof/ 7 dk;ZdrkZ bu iSVuasZ vkSj fpUgkas dks ljy ukA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 57 Fk- nhokj ij et+snkj niZ.k mi;ksx • euksj¡tu ds fy, • gkL;&fBBksyh ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- cPps esa ftKklk iSnk djuk 2- nk,¡&ck,¡] Åij&uhps] eè;] vkxs&ihNs ds LFkkfud xq.kksa dk cks/ fodflr djuk 3- gkL; vkSj etkd dk cks/ fodflr djuk 4- viuh Nfo fodflr djuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 xfrfof/ 2 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks vius&vki dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls niZ.k esa tks ns[kk vkSj vuqHko fd;k] ml ij ppkZ djsA a eksVk&iryk] a tSls % ns[kus dks dgsA NksVk&cM+k] IkQwyk] xksy&eVksy] vkfn vo/kj.kkvksa ij ppkZ djsA a & nwj ls] cgqr nwj ls gkL; vkSj et+kd ls bls tksMas+ ysfdu nwljksa dh lEosnuk dks è;ku & ikl ls] cgqr ikl ls esa j[k djA blds fy, izfs jr djsA a cPpksa dks psgjs ds fofHkUu Hkko cukus dks dgsAa cPpksa dks g¡lus naA s vius&vki dks ns[kus nsA a xfrfof/ 3 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks fofHkUu oLrq,¡ fofHkUu rjhdksa ls niZ.k esa ns[kus dks dgsaA 58 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx n- IkQ'kZ @ nhokj ij jax&fcjaxk IkQyd mi;ksx • ets vkSj euksj¡tu ds fy, • jaxksa dh igpku vkSj feyku djus ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- jaxksa dks igpkuuk 2- ,d gh jax ds fofHkUu :i & xgjk] gYdk] IkQhdk vkfn igpkuuk vkSj le>uk 3- jaxksa dks igpkuuk 4- etk vkSj euksj¡tu vuqHko djuk 5- lewg esa ppkZ ds ekSds cukuk 6- jpukRed mi;ksx vkSj lEokn ds ekSds cukuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko dk;ZdrkZ • jax dk uke igpkuus ds fy, cPpkas dks iszfjr djasA • ,d gh jax ds vyx&vyx :i&xgjk] gYdk jax] IkQhdk jax vkfn le>uk vkSj ml ij ppkZ djukA • fdlh oLrq dk jax] jax&fcjaxs IkQyd ls feykuk vkSj jax cukukA • ,d gh jax dh fofHkUu oLrq,¡ bdV~Bk djukA • Ekkse jaxksa ls dkxt+ ij fdlh vkd`fr ls] bfPNr jax HkjukA jax fcjaxk IkQyd gjs ihys yky uhys vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 59 /- IkQ'kZ ij xksyrkjk mi;ksx • ,dkxzrk c<+kus ds fy, • lquus dk dkS'ky c<+kus ds fy, • izd`fr vkSj thou esa pØh; iSVuZ le>us ds fy, • jpukRed c<+kus ds fy, • jax] vkdkj] fpUg tksM+dj ns[kus ds fy, lEcfU/r cky&fodkl 1- cPpksa esa ,dkxzrk vkSj è;ku dsafnzr djus dk dkS'ky fodflr djuk 2- xksykbZ esa lUrqyu cukdj pykuk 3- lUrqfyr uk 5- HkkSfrd fodkl 6- fofHkUu oLrqvksa dks tksM+dj ns[kuk 7- vo/kj.kk Bhd ls le>us ds dkj.k Lo;a ds ckjs esa ldkjkRed Nfo cukuk xfrfof/;ksa ds lq>ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks gkFk esa ?k.Vh idM+kus ds ckn] xksyrkjs ds ckgjh xksykdkj ifjf/ ij pyus ds fy, dgsA a ij pyrs le; ?k.Vh ugha ctuh pkfg,A /hjs&/hjs xfrfof/ esa tfVyrk c<+kbZ tk ldrh gS] ftlesa cPps a vUnj ds o`Ùk esa Hkh pysA xfrfof/ 2 xksyrkjk esa cus vyx&vyx [kkuksa esa dk;ZdrkZ ljy vkd`fr;k¡] pkWd dh enn ls cuk ldrh gSA a oSls gh vkdkj cPpksa dks Hkh nsa vkSj fIkQ+j cPpksa ls dgsa fd os gkFk esa idM+s gq, vkdkj dks pkWd ls cus gq, vkdkj ij j[k nsA a xfrfof/ 3 cPpksa dks xksykdkj iafDr ds vUnj&ckgj dwnus ds fy, dgsaA 60 vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx xfrfof/ 4 cPps dwnus] fxuus] igpkuus] tksM+us ds vU; [ksy Lo;a ;k dk;ZdrkZ dh enn ls cukdj [ksy ldrs gaSA xfrfof/ 5 xksyrkjk ds fofHkUu [kkuksa esa vyx jax @ vkdkj dh oLrq,¡ j[ksaA cPpksa dks ,d&,d djds mUgas igpkuuk vkSj mBkdj ykuk gSA xfrfof/ 6 xksy ds eè; esa dk;ZdrkZ ,d ljy js[kk fp=k cuk ldrh gSaA tSls] xk; dk js[kkfp=k vkSj vU; fgLlksa esa nw/] ngh] cNM+k] xkscj] iwtk] d.Mk] vkfn ds fp=k ;k dkMZ j[k ldrh gSaA cPpksa dks budk lEcU/ tksM+us ds fy, ppkZ djsaA xfrfof/ 7 Xkksyrkjk esa eq[;r% rhu jaxksa dk mi;ksx gqvk gS & uhyk] ihyk o gjkA bu rhu jaxksa dks bLrseky djrs gq, dk;ZdrkZ jpukRed rjhds ls bls jax igpkus] jax feykus] funsZ'k nsus eas jax ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ cPpksa dks lknk dkxt nsa (,d rjIkQ mi;ksx fd;k dkxt Hkh ys ldrs gS) a A bls jxM+us okyh Vkby ij lgh ko xfrfof/ 1 dk;ZdrkZ ,d ckj cPpksa dks dqN xfrfof/;k¡ djds fn[kk,¡A blds ckn cPps bls Lo;a gh dj ldrs gaAS tgk¡ vkj&ikj fn[k lds] ogk¡ cPps bls nwjchu Hkh cuk ysrs gSaA vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk lalk/u vkSj muds mi;ksx 63 6- ckyk ds ifjizs{; esa vk¡xuokM+h ifjosf{kdk] dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dh Hkwfedk cPpksa dks [kq'k vkSj LoLFk jgus vkSj lok±xha.k fodkl ds fy, eu vkSj 'kjhj nksuksa dk gh iks"k.k pkfg,A tc muds ekrk&firk ifjokj ds thou&;kiu ds fy, dke dj jgs gksrs gSa] rc Hkh ;g cPpksa dk vf/dkj gS fd mUgsa lqjf{kr txg esa jgus] [ksyus vkSj lh[kus dk ekSdk vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dh Lusg vkSj I;kj Hkjh ns[kHkky esa feysA bl ns[kHkky ds fy, dqN t:jh Hkwfedk vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ vk¡xuokM+h ifjosf{kdk] dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dh gSa] ftUgsa ckyk ds lkFk cky&dsfUnzr vk¡xuokM+h ds ifjizs{; esa le>uk t:jh gSA os bl izdkj gSa% vk¡xuokM+h ifjosf{kdk dh Hkwfedk 5 mUgsa 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe esa ftu phtksa dh t+:jr gS mudh O;oLFkk esa enn vkSj mUgsa vk¡xuokM+h esa ykus @ j[kus dk izcU/ dj ikuk pkfg,A 6 ckyk&txg vkSj ckyk&l¡lk/kuksa dh lkFkZdrk vkSj muds lEHkkfor mi;ksx ds ckjs esa dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dks fn[kkuk vkSj rS;kj djukA 7 tgk¡ ckyk&txg vkSj ckyk&l¡lk/ku fufeZr ugha gS] ogk¡ ljy k vkSj ck¡V ikuk pkfg,A 1 dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dks fdlh dkS'ky ds fy, ;k fdlh O;ogkj esa cnyko ds fy, rS;kj djus ls igys 8 ftys ;k ifj;kstuk dk;kZy; ls vkbZ lkexzh dk mi;ksx ;g dkS'ky] O;ogkj vkSj cnyko ifjosf{kdk esa gksuk dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dSls djsa] ;g le>k vkSj n'kkZ gksxkA rHkh os blds fy, nwljksa dks rS;kj dj ik,¡xh vkSj ikuk pkfg,A izsfjr dj ldsaxhA 9 mUgsa ;g le> fodflr djuh gksxh fd cgqr lh lh[kus 2 vk¡xuokM+h ifjosf{kdk dks vk¡xuokM+h ds dh lkexzh vklikl gh miyC/ gS vkSj blds fy,] iSls 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe dh le> gksuh pkfg,A blesa cPpksa [kpZ djus dh vko';drk ugha gksxhA ds lEiw.kZ fodkl vkSj cPps dSls lh[krs gSa & bldh 10 mUgsa vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ dks LFkkuh; [ksy] dfork vkSj le> 'kkfey gSA mUgsa viuh ;g le> cPpksa ds xkus bdV~Bs djus esa enn djuh gksxhA fodkl ls tqM+s vU; lHkh yksxksa tSls & vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ] lgkf;dk] cPpksa ds ekrk&firk vkSj leqnk; mUgsa dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dks ;g le>kuk vkSj 11 ls ck¡Vuk Hkh vkuk pkfg,A fn[kkuk gksxk fd bu [ksyksa] dforkvksa vkSj xkuksa dks dSls vPNs lEizs"k.k vkSj ukVdh; k ikuk pkfg, fd cPps dsoy vuqHkoksa ls mi;ksx esa fy;k tk ldrk gSA lh[krs gSa] [kklrkSj ij muls ftuesa lHkh bafnz;k¡ 'kkfey gksaA 12 mUgsa cPpksa dks fn[kkuk gksxk fd dSls NksVh fdrkcsa vkSj pkVZ cuk, tk ldrs gSa vkSj cPps dSls dk;ZdrkZ }kjk 4 muesa dk;ZdrkZ dh leL;k,¡ le> dj] mUgsa lkFk fey lqukbZ xbZ dfork ;k xkus lquus ds ckn ^i<+us* dk Lok¡x dj lqy>kus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg,A dj ldrs gSaA 64 ckyk ds ifjizs{; esa vk¡xuokM+h] dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dh Hkwfedk cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx 13 mUgsa ;g le>k ikuk pkfg, fd cPps vk¡xuokM+h esa vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ dh Hkwfedk viuh l¡Ld`fr dk cgqr dqN Kku vkSj vuqHko ys dj vkrs gSa & tSls [kkus&ihus ;k Hkk"kk ds ckjs esa] vkStkj] [ksr] isM+] ikS/ks] tkuoj] fookg] e`R;q] lEcU/ksa] fj'rsnkjksa ds ckjs esaA tkudkjh vkSj vuqHko dk ;g Hk.Mkj cPpksa ds lkFk xgu ppkZ esa mi;ksx esa ykuk pkfg,A mUgsa ;g le>uk vkSj le>kuk gksxk fd cPps tc vius vuqHko ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa] rc os viuh Hkk"kk esa O;Dr djuk lh[krs gSaA blls os ;g Hkh le>rs gSa fd nwljs cPPks dqN vkSj Hkh tkurs gSa vkSj muesa Hkh lEosnuk gSA 14 mUgsa vPNh vknrksa ds fodkl ds ckjs esa iwNuk gksxk] tSls gkFk /ksuk ;k mi;qDr txg ij gh Fkwduk] lkeku txg ij j[kuk] LoPNrk j[kuk] vkfnA mUgsa bl ckjs esa ckr djuh gksxh fd cPps dSls 15 vkRefuHkZj gks ldrs gSa vkSj viuh vk¡xuokM+h dh ns[kHkky esa enn dj ldrs gSaA os tkuuk pkgsaxh fd D;k cPps lkexzh dks mldh txg ij Bhd ls okil j[krs gSa\ D;k cM+s cPps NksVs cPpksa dh enn djrs gSa\ D;k os lgkf;dk dh enn lkiQ&liQkbZ esa Hkh djrs gSa\ 1 dk;ZdrkZ ds :Ik esa vxj os lgkf;dk vkSj cPpksa dks fdlh dkS'ky] vknr ;k O;ogkj esa cnyko ds fy, 16 mUgsa fnu dk O;ogkfjd dk;ZØe cukus esa vk¡xuokM+h rS;kj djuk pkgrh gSa] rks lcls igys ;g dkS'ky] vknr dk;ZdrkZ dh enn djuh gksxkA lkFk gh ;g le>uk fd ;k O;ogkj esa cnyko Lo;a mu esa gksuk gksxkA cPpksa ds ;g dk;ZØe yphyk gS D;ksafd NksVs cPps cgqr nsj rd chp mudks Hkh cPpk cuuk gksxkA rHkh os mUgsa blds ,d txg ugha cSB ldrsA ysfdu cPpksa dh fnup;kZ esa fy, rS;kj vkSj izsfjr dj ik,¡xhA lksus @ [kkus dk le;] vH;kl vkSj O;k;ke dk le;] pqipki cSB dj lkexzh ds lkFk xfrfof/ djus dk le; 2 mUgsa cPpksa ds lok±xha.k fodkl dh t+:jrksa dh le> gksuk pkfg, & bldh le> vkSj le>kus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg, vkSj bls O;ogkj esa ykus ds vykok] t:jh gksxhA vfHkHkkodksa] vf/dkfj;ksa vkSj leqnk; dks le>k ikus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg,A 17 vk¡xuokM+h O;ogkj vkSj okrkoj.k esa lekos'kh txg cu lds] bl ckjs esa lgh ekxZn'kZu dj ikukA 3 bldh le> gksuh pkfg, fd cPps cgqr tYnh lh[krs gSa vxj xfrfof/;k¡ muds thou ls tqM+h gks rksA 4 ;g le> gksuh pkfg, fd cPps lh[kus ds fy, viuh lHkh bfUnz;ksa dk bLrseky djrs gSaA mUgsa cPpksa ds ekrk&firk dks ;g le>k ikuk pkfg, fd tSls gekjk ân;] isV] ftxj] 'okl&rU=k] fcuk ,d nwljs ds iw.kZrk esa dk;Z ugha dj ldrk] mlh rjg] NksVs cPpksa dks [kq'k j[kus ds fy, lEosnukRed] lkekftd] ekufld] Hkk"kk vkSj 'kkjhfjd xfrfof/;ksa & lHkh dh t+:jr gSA ckyk ds ifjizs{; esa vk¡xuokM+h] dk;ZdrkZ 65 vkSj lgkf;dk dh Hkwfedk 5 vfHkHkkodksa dks ;g le>k ikuk fd vk¡xuokM+h vkxs py dj izkFkfed 'kkyk esa dke;kc gksuk gS] mUgsa ds O;k;ke vkSj Hkkstu ?kj ij fn, tkus okys O;k;ke dqN ljy fd blls cPPkksa dh& mi;ksx esa ys ldsaA os cPpksa dks blds fy, izf'kf{kr djsaxh fd os bl lkexzh dks] mi;ksx ds ckn] Bhd • ;kn djds cksyus dh {kerk c<+rh gSA txg ij j[k nsaA • ;g le> c<+rh gS fd fy[kuk Hkh lEizs"k.k ;k Hkk"kk dk ,d ekè;e gSA 13 ;g le>uk fd lh[kus dh ,slh lkexzh ftls [kjhnus • fy[kus dh izfØ;k dh le> curh gSA dh t+:jr ugha gS vkSj vklikl ls gh [kkst&chu • ;g le> esa vkrk gS fd fy[kus dk dqN eryc gS ds bdV~Bh dh tk ldrh gS & mls tksM+uk (ns[ksa vkSj blls vku¡n Hkh fey ldrk gSA ifjf'k"V&1)A bldh ftEesnkjh fd bl lkexzh dk mi;ksx fxuus] Nk¡Vus] feykus] rqyuk djus ;k nqdku 9 ;g ftEesnkjh le>uk fd dgkuh lqukus] xkuk&xkus] yxkus vkSj ^dYiuk&yksd dksuk* rS;kj djus esa cPpksa dfork nksgjkus vkSj i<+us] dkMZ dk esy djus] xksyrkjk ds lkFk djsaA ls [ksyus] dkMZ ij cPpksa ds uke fy[kuk vkSj mUgsa vius uke kuk fd ^nqdku* ls ukVd 14 dforkvksa esa k ikuk fd ikmMj] lkcqu] 'kSaiw] rsy ds [kkyh MCcs@V~;wc@cksry] NksVs cPpksa dks v{kj fy[kus dh vko';drk ugha gS & dh D;k egÙkk gS vkSj fiQj bUgsa bdV~Bk djus esa mudh ij t+:jr bldh gS fd os vius pkjksa rjIkQ fy[kkoV enn ysuk vkSj bu pht+ksa ds mi;ksx ls cPpksa ds fy, ns[ksa & Bhd oSls gh tSls cPpk ;g rks crk ldrk gS nqdku ltkuk ftlesa cPps [kqn ,d lh phtksa dks Nk¡V fd ^lekslk* curk dSls gS ij og mls cuk blfy, ugha dj vyx&vyx dj ldsaA ;g cPpksa dks fcuk xf.kr ldrk D;ksafd vHkh cgqr NksVk gSA fl[kk,] v¡dksa vkSj l¡[;k dh nqfu;k ls tksM+us dk igyk dne gS ftlds vk/kj ij os izkFkfed 'kkyk esa 11 ifjosf{kdk dh enn ls vPNh fp=kdFkkvksa dk l¡dyu xf.kr lh[ksaxsA djuk] D;ksafd cPpksa esa fdrkcksa ds izfr pko vkSj f[k¡pko fodflr djuk vHkh vko';d gS] vxj mUgsa 15 ;g le>rs gq, fd mUgsa vkSj Hkh dbZ dke djus gSa] 66 ckyk ds ifjizs{; esa vk¡xuokM+h] dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk dh Hkwfedk cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx cPpksa ds Lok¡x vkSj dYiuk'khy [ksy ds fy, lkexzh dh txg esa Fkwdk rks os ;g iwN ldrh gSa fd ;g rS;kj djukA cPps >wB&ewB esa iqjkus iQksu] yg¡xk] pqUuh] ^ikl* gS ;k ^uk&ikl*\ cPps mÙkj nsaxs & ^uk&ikl*A nqiV~Vs] Vksih] ixM+h] cjru] d¡?ks] vkfn ls & [kkuk cukuk] fiQj os iwN ldrh gSa & rks fiQj ^ikl D;k gksxk\* ?kj&?kj [ksyuk] xqM~Mk&xqfM+;k dh 'kknh jpkuk vkfn [ksy cPps dg ldrs gSa & ^nhnh] ukyh esa FkwdukA* bl ldrs gSa A ij os tksj ns dj dg ldrh gSa fd ^ukyh esa Fkwduk] ^ikl* gSA ukyh xUns ikuh vkSj Fkwd dks cgkus ds mUgsa cPpksa esa vPNh vknrsa Mkyus dh ftEesnkjh ysuh 16 fy, gS*] vkfnA (fdrkcksa ds lq>ko ds fy, ns[ksa gksxhA dqN Hkh [kkus ls igys vPNh rjg gkFk vkSj eq¡g ifjf'k"V&3) /ksukA lgkf;dk dh enn ls cPpksa dks fl[kkuk fd vius twBs crZu dSls lkiQ djus gSa] vkfnA 19 mUgsa le;≤ ij iqjkuh lkexzh cnyuh iM+ ldrh gS & tSls cksrysa] MCcs] iSdsV] jSij] vkfn vkSj ubZ 17 Ckkyk&txgksa vkSj ckyk&lalk/uksa ds mi;ksx dh ftEesnkjh lkexzh vkyksa] vyekfj;ksa vkSj [kkuksa esa j[kuh gks • xksyrkjk dk mi;ksx v¡dksa dh xfrfof/;ksa ds fy,('kCnksa ldrh gSA lkexzh ds l¡dyu dk mi;ksx Nk¡Vus] ;k ekSfyd xfrfof/;ksa ds vH;kl ds fy,] tSls ?k.Vh ds vyx&vyx djus ;k fxuus ds fy, ges'kk gksuk lkFk o`Ùk dh ifjf/ ij pyuk] [ksy&[ksyuk] ;k fdlh pkfg,A os cPpksa dks Hkh phtksa dks bdV~Bk djus ds l¡[;k ij cht&FkSyk iQsaduk] vkfnA fy, dg ldrh gSa & tSls beyh] 'kjhiQs] vkfn ds chtA ;g cPpksa dks ftEesnkj eglwl djus esa enn • pkWd ls fy[kus dh lrgksa ij cPpksa ds uke fy[kuk] djrk gSA cPps lkexzh dks liQkbZ vkSj Bhd ifjf/ ck¡/us ;k ?kj cukus esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA tk,¡xsA • [ksy ds lk/uksa dh nSfud ns[k&js[k vkSj ckgj tehu 21 cPps [kqyh txg esa >wyksa vkSj vU; midj.kksa ls [ksy ij fcNh eghu jsr dks kM+ikSaN vUnj ckgj] lw[ks diM+s ls ikasNuk • jlksbZ • vyekjh esa dkxt @ fdrkcsa @ jftLVj Bhd ls tek dj j[kuk • cPpksa vkSj cM+ksa ds 'kkSpky; vkSj ew=kky; • [kqys esa j[ks >wys tks mrkjs tk ldrs gSa] mudks vUnj O;ofLFkr • Hk.Mkj?kj kM+&ikSaN fy[kus okyh lrgksa ij ikuh ls ue • fIkQykesaV cYcksa dh] ;fn gksa rks fd, diM+s ls vPNs ls lkIkQ djuk] • V~;wc ykbVksa dh] ;fn gksa rks ftlls pWkd ds fu'kku feV tk,¡ • ia[kksa dh] ;fn gksa rks • cxhpksa eas ikuh nsuk • edM+h ds tkyksa dh • Ikkuh ds fIkQYVj dh V¡dh&VksaVh vkSj • Hkhrjh nhokjksa dh lrg vkSj NUuh dks lkIkQ djuk jks'kunku ds ryls dh • nhokjksa dk IykLVj rks ugha VwV jgk gS\ • nhokjksa eas ftu fgLlkas ij bukey • >wyksa esa dksbZ fgLlk rks ugha VwV jgk wyksa ds vkl&ikl tdM+ xbZ jsr dks wyksa esa] vYekjh esa] Nr esa] vkfn • blls tqM+k jax & jksxu dk dk;Z • lhoj vkSj ikuh dh fudklh ds jkLrksa dh iwjh lQkbZ • fujh{k.k vkSj t¡D'ku pSEcjksa dh iwjh lIkQkbZ] ;fn dgha fjlko gks rks ejEer djk,¡ • ;fn dgha lsfIVd VSad vkSj x<~<+s gksa rks mudh iwjh lIkQkbZ djk,¡ • fctyh dh ykbu vkSj vfFkZax] vkfn dh vko';d ejEer] ;fn t+:jr gks rks djok;sa • fy[kus ds iVV~ksa dh ejEer @ vU; xfrfof/ dh ckyk&lalk/uksa dh ejEer Ekfld vkSj okf"kZd j[k&j[kko dh ftEesnkjh • cSBus dh txg @ vk¡V @ pkSUrjk @ cSUp dh ejEer ifj;kstuk ;k ftys Lrj ds vf/dkfj;ksa vkSj • ikuh dh Vadh dh lIkQkbZ djk,¡ vkSj lkIkQ ikuh ls Hkjsa vfHk;Urkvksa dh gksxhA • Nr dk voyksdu djsa & isM+ksa dh iÙkh] feê~Vh bR;kfn ls Nr ls ikuh dh fudklh rks ugha :dh gS \ • Nr dh] cjlkr ls igys] vPNs ls lIkQkbZ djsa vk¡xuokM+h dk j[kj[kko 71 ifjf'k"V & 1 % vk¡xuokM+h esa xfrfof/ ds fy, IkQqVdj lkezxh bl lkexzh dk mi;ksx fofHkUu xfrfof/;ksa esa jpukRed .Ms 25- IykfLVd ds iqjkus fMCcs o r'rfj;k¡ 53- nokbZ dh cksrysa & ftuesa nokbZ u gks vkSj Bhd ls lkIkQ 26- iqjkus jftLVj vkSj dkWfi;ksa ds doj djds lq[kkbZ xbZa gksa 27- vkblØhe ds fMCcs 54- MkDVj dk iqjkuk LVsFkksLdksi (lkIkQ fd;k gks) 28- dqEgkj okyh feV~Vh 55- ljd.Ms dh NksVh&cM+h Mf.M;k¡ 72 ifjf'k"V cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx ifjf'k"V & 2 % vk¡xuokM+h ds fy, xfrfof/;ksa dh iqLrdksa ds dqN lq>ko vk¡xuokM+h esa f'k'kq&ns[kHkky vkSj fodkl ds fy, iqLrdksa dks xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, j[kk tk ldrk gSA bldh lwph bl izdkj gS% cPpksa ds fy, dgkuh&iqLrdsa cPpksa ds fy, dgkuh&iksLVj • fcYyh cksyh E;k¡Å • Ykkyk th yM~Mw nks • ck¡dh ck¡dh /wi • jktw dn~nw • NqVdh fxygjh • jke lgk; • IkQM+ IkQM+ mM+h ir¡x • pkj pUus • u;h lokjh • vk;h ,d [kcj • vDdM+&cDdM+ • Å¡V pyk /Eed /Eed • ukuk&ukuh • canj ekek • Vslw jktk chp ckt+kj • tkequ • lkbdy ij Fkk dOok • ,d cqf<+;k • ,d nks nl • ir¡x • fcYyh ds cPps • eSa Hkh • eSa Hkh • mM+u Nw • #lh vkSj iwlh • Hkkyw us [ksyh IkQqVcky mijksDr dgkfu;ksa dks ,dyO; • uV[kV x/k Hkksiky (e-iz-) us izdkf'kr fd;k gSA • NqVdh mYyh ns[ksa • gkFkh dh fgpdh website: www.eklavya.in • vuks[kh izn'kZuh Email: pitara@eklavya.in • iRrs gh iRrs • ikl ukikl • D;ksa th csVk jkelgk; • cSB ?kksM+k ikuh ih • nw/ tysch tXxxk • Írqvksa dk Ldwy ifjf'k"V 73 ifjf'k"V & 3 % vk¡xuokM+h esa xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, vU; tkudkjh ds L=kksr jlksbZ jlksbZ esa [kkuk idkus ds fy, mUur flxM+h (tks de bZa/u dh [kir esa csgrj rki nsrh gS) ;k /q¡vk jfgr pwYgk (tks de bZa/u dh [kir vkSj /q,¡ esa csgrj rki nsrk gS) ;k ?kerIiw pwYgk tks lkS;Z ÅtkZ ls [kkuk cuk ldrk gS & budk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA bUgsa jkT; ÅtkZ fodkl fuxe ds ek?;e ls [kjhnk tk ldrk gSA mUur flxM+h /qvk¡ jfgr pwYgk ?kerIiw pwYgk vk¡xuokM+h ds fy, ;g ?kerIiw pwYgk Jh lqjs'k oS/jktu us rS;kj fd;k gSA lEidZ% suresh_v_rajan@yahoo.co.in LoPN ikuh LoPN ikuh ds fy, ikuh lkIkQ djus ds nks izdkj ds fIkQYVj mi;ksx esa fy, tk ldrs gSaA 1- cSDVhfj;k] DyksjkbM vkSj vkjlsfud ls eqDr djus ds fy, /ku dh jk[k ds mi;ksx ls pyus okyk fIkQYVjA bls CSV o/kZ] egkjk"Vª us cuk;k gSA 2- VkVk LoPN] buds mi;ksx ds nkSjku dqN lIrkfgd j[kj[kko vkSj dqN eghuksa esa ikuh lkIkQ djus dh NUuh&midj.k cnyus gksaxsA bUgsa miyC/ djkus vkSj bldh ekfld@Nekgh j[kj[kko dh ftEesnkjh ifj;kstuk 2- vf/dkjh@ftyk vf/dkjh dks ysuh gksxhA 1- 74 ifjf'k"V cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx cky dsfUnzr] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h dk fodkl djus ls lEcf/r nLrkost Hkkx&1 % Ckky&lqyHk vk¡xuokM+h fodflr djus dh Hkkx&3 % Ckky&lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h ;kstuk cukuk & vf/dkfj;ksa] ç'kkldksa vkSj ;kstukdkjksa okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx & vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj ds fy, ifjosf{kdkvksa ds fy, mi;ksx&iqfLrdk ;g Hkkx ifj;kstuk dh t+:jr] mlds fofHkUu vk;keksa vkSj ;g Hkkx ckyk&;qDr] cky&dsafnzr vk¡xuokM+h dk iw.kZ ;kstuk ij dsafnzr gSA ;g cky dsfUnzr HkkSfrd okrkoj.k] ckyk lnqi;ksx dSls gks & bl mn~ns'; ls vk¡xuokM+h ifjosf{kdk dh vo/kj.kk] vk¡xuokM+h esa mldh vko';drk vkSj mlds vkSj dk;ZdrkZ ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA blesa mudh vkSj cPpksa dh fodkl izfØ;k ls lEcU/ vkSj vk¡xuokM+h ds lHkh lgkf;dkvksa dh Hkwfedk ds vykok fofHkUu ckyk txgksa vkSj mi;ksDrkvksa ds fy, mldh mi;ksfxrk Hkh ;gk¡ le>kbZ xbZ ckyk&lalk/kuksa dks dSls lHkh mi;ksDrk tSls] f'k'kq] cPps] gSA blesa ;kstuk vkSj dk;kZUo;u ds fofHkUu eqn~nksa dks foLrkj fd'kksjh ckfydk,¡] efgyk,¡] vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ] lgkf;dk] ls le>k;k x;k gSA ;g mu lcds fy, mi;ksxh gksxk tks ifjosf{kdk] ,-,u-,e & mi;ksx esa yk ldrs gSa] bls foLrkj ,slh fdlh Hkh ;kstuk dks vius Cykd] ftys lEHkkx ;k jkT; ls le>k;k x;k gSA lkFk gh bl okrkoj.k dk j[k j[kko dSls ds fy, rS;kj dj jgs gSaA blesa ifj;kstuk ds fofHkUu fgLls djsa] ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gSA vkSj muesa tqM+ko izfØ;k dh vko';drk 'kkfey gSA Hkkx&4 % Ckky&lqyHk vk¡xuokM+h esa ckyk&;qDr Hkkx&2 % Ckky&lqyHk vk¡xuokM+h ckyk ds lkFk okrkoj.k dk vkdYiu & okLrqdkjksa vkSj vfHk;Urkvksa fodflr djuk & dk;kZUo;u laLFkkvksa vkSj vfHk;Urkvksa ds fy, ds fy, fuekZ.k fuZnsf'kdk ;g Hkkx] igys Hkkx ds Øe esa ifj;kstuk ds HkkSfrd vk;ke ;g Hkkx igys ls cuh@ubZ vk¡xuokfM+;ksa dks ^cky&dsafnzr & vk¡xuokM+h ds HkkSfrd okrkoj.k dks dSls cPpksa ds lEiw.kZ rjhds ls ckyk ds lkFk dSls cnysa @ cuk,¡* ds rduhdh i{k fodkl dh izfØ;k ds lkFk tqM+ dj rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk ij dsafnzr gSA ;g Hkkx dk;kZUo;u djus okys okLrqdkjksa ;k gS] bldk foLrkj gSA ;g vk¡xuokM+h ls tqM+s O;kid eqn~nksa vfHk;arkvksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gksxk D;ksafd Øec¼ rjhds vkSj muds vkdYiu ls tksM+rk gSA lkFk gh vk¡xuokM+h dh ls blesa ejEer] cnyko] (orZeku vk¡xuokfM+;ksa esa) u, cukoV vklikl dh tyok;q] jgu&lgu ds rjhds vkSj izko/ku vkSj ckyk&txg vkSj ckyk&lalk/u (orZeku ^?kj dk gh foLrkj* gks bu lcdk lekos'k HkhA ;g izfØ;k vk¡xuokfM+;ksa esa) dSls cuk, tk ldrs gSa] bls foLrkj ls nks fn'kkvksa dh vksj tkrh gS & ubZ vk¡xuokM+h dh cukoV le>k;k x;k gSA r; djus esa vkSj bl vksj Hkh fd fdl rjg igys ls cuh vk¡xuokM+h esa lq/kkj&cnyko bl ifjizs{; esa D;k gks ldrk gSA 75 cky lqyHk] ckyk&;qDr vk¡xuokM+h okrkoj.k dk mi;ksx foU;kl vkSj ckyk ds ckjs esa foU;kl LFkkiR; vuqla/ku vkSj vkdYiu dk dsanz gS] ftldk djhc ,d yk[k Ldwyksa rd igq¡pk;k gSA bl nkSjku foU;kl è;s; gS fd vius fopkjksa vkSj dke ls ^lHkh ds fy,] gj us ns'k Hkj esa djhc 10000 dsanz vkSj jkT; ds eaf=k;ksa] dgha] ftEesnkj vkSj u, us ds l¡alk/u ds :i esa cjrk tk,A cky&fodkl fo'ks"kKksa vkSj f'k{kkfonksa us eglwl fd;kA vr% mnkgj.k ds fy,] f[kM+dh ds t¡xys & vdlj bUgsa o;Ld ;gk¡ dh [kkl t+:jr vkSj lUnHkZ ds vuqlkj dbZ ckyk&txg Hkou dh lqj{kk ds fy, f[kM+dh&cjkenksa esa tM+ nsrs gSa vkSj ckyk&lalk/u ds fopkjksa vkSj muds mi;ksx dks u, us dh izfØ;k ij dbZ txg ns[kk x;kA 2005 ls vc rd foU;kl us bls loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku esa dsanz vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds lkFk] ;wfulsIkQ vkSj fo'o cSad] jktho xk¡/h IkQkmUMs'ku] vkxk [kku IkQkmUMs'ku] vkfn ds ekè;e ls djhc 19 jkT;ksa esa