E2712 V3 China: Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Environmental Impact Assessment China Academy of Railway Sciences China Railway Engineering Consultants Group December 2010 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table of Contents 1. GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. 1  1.1 PREPARATION DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 1  1.2 PREPARATION BASIS ........................................................................................................................... 2  1.3 PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT................................................................................................................... 2  1.4 PRINCIPLE OF ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................ 3  1.5 SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................................... 3  1.5.1 Engineering scope involved in the assessment .......................................................................... 3  1.5.2 Scope of assessment of environment elements........................................................................... 3  1.6 KEY ASSESSMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 4  1.7 ASSESSMENT GRADING ....................................................................................................................... 4  1.8 ASSESSMENT STANDARD AND ASSESSMENT LIFE ............................................................................... 6  1.8.1 Assessment standard .................................................................................................................. 6  1.8.2 Assessment life.......................................................................................................................... 11  1.9 TARGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ..................................................................................... 11  1.9.1 Ecology protection ................................................................................................................... 11  1.9.2 Target of water environmental protection ............................................................................... 11  1.9.3 Target of sound environment protection and vibration environment protection ................... 12  2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................................................................. 14  2.1.1 Railway line engineering ......................................................................................................... 14  2.1.2 Rail and subgrade works.......................................................................................................... 17  2.1.3 Station ....................................................................................................................................... 26  2.1.4 Bridge and culvert .................................................................................................................... 33  2.1.5 Tunnel ....................................................................................................................................... 36  2.1.6 Water supply and drainage ...................................................................................................... 38  2.1.7 Buildings, quota and electrification ........................................................................................ 41  2.1.8 Temporary works ..................................................................................................................... 41  2.1.9 Earth-stone quantity balance ................................................................................................... 42  2.1.10 Type and quantity of lands occupied for the project ............................................................. 48  2.1.11 Operation Plan ....................................................................................................................... 54  Table 2-21 (1) Train number plan................................................................................................... 55  Table 2-21 (2) Main line train formation ....................................................................................... 55  2.1.12 Project Investment and Construction Stage .......................................................................... 56  2.2 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 58  2.2.1 Overview of environmental impact .......................................................................................... 58  2.2.2 Characteristic analysis on environmental impact during the construction stage .................. 60  2.2.3 Analysis on environmental impact during the operation stage............................................... 60  2.2.4 Identification and screening of environmental impact ............................................................ 60  2.2.5 Ecological environment impact analysis ................................................................................. 64  2.2.6 Acoustic Environment Impact Analysis ................................................................................... 66  Table 2-22 (1) Noise source Strength of EMU ............................................................................... 66  Units: dBA ......................................................................................................................................... 66  Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table 2-22 (2) Noise source strength of passenger trains of 160km / h and below ..................... 67  Table 2-23 Reference vibration level of construction machinery vibration source ..................... 69  Table 2-24 (1) Vibration source strength of passenger EMU ....................................................... 69  Table 2-24 (2) vibration source strength of passenger train with the speed of 160km / h and below .................................................................................................................................................. 70  2.2.8 Analysis of influence to water environment ............................................................................. 70  2.2.9 Electromagnetic Impact ........................................................................................................... 71  2.2.10 Analysis of impact on air ....................................................................................................... 71  2.2.11 Solid waste effect .................................................................................................................... 71  3. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 73  3.1 THE INTRODUCTION OF JILIN JOINT TERMINAL ............................................................................... 76  3.2 PLAN FOR SECTION FROM JILIN TO JIAOHE ....................................................................................... 79  Table-3-2 Scheme comparison table from Jilin to Jiaohe section ................................................ 80  3.3 SECTION FROM JIAOHE TO WEIHU LING .......................................................................................... 82  3.4 PLAN OF TUMEN STATION (CK277-CK320) ................................................................................... 85  Table 3-4 Comparison table of Tumen station site scheme ........................................................... 86  3.5 COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTION AND CITY PLANNING ................................ 87  3.5.1 Compatibility analysis of project construction and overall city planning of Jilin ................. 87  3.5.2 Compatibility analysis of project construction and overall city planning of Yanji ................ 90  3.5.3 Compatibility analysis of station address along the line and local city development planning ........................................................................................................................................................... 93  4 GENERAL SITUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ALONG THE PROJECT ..................... 101  4.1 GENERAL SITUATION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................... 101  4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphy ................................................................................................. 101  4.1.2 Geological structure and Earth Layer Lithology .................................................................. 103  4.1.3 Basic intensity of earthquake ................................................................................................. 104  Table 4-1 Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Sheet ................................................... 104  4.1.4 Climatic characteristics ......................................................................................................... 105  Table4-2 Classification of the Maximum Depth of Frozen Ground ........................................... 105  4.1.5 Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology .............................................................................. 106  4.1.6 Animal and plant resources ................................................................................................... 106  4.1.7 Present Situation of Water and Soil Loss .............................................................................. 109  4.2 OVERVIEW OF SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 109  4.2.1 Overview of Administrative Division, Population and Economy ......................................... 109  4.2.2 Distribution and Development of Resources ......................................................................... 113  4.2.3 Present Situation and Development of Industry and Agriculture ......................................... 113  4.2.4 Present Situation and Development of Transportation ......................................................... 114  4.3 PRESENT SITUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY .................................................................... 114  4.3.1 Ecological Environment ......................................................................................................... 114  4.3.2 Sound Environment ................................................................................................................ 115  4.3.3 Water Environment ................................................................................................................ 115  4.3.4 Atmospheric Environment ...................................................................................................... 115  Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 5. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT EVALUATION ................................................... 117  5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 117  5.1.1 Scope of Evaluation................................................................................................................ 117  5.1.2 Contents of Evaluation ........................................................................................................... 117  5.1.3 Evaluation Methods ............................................................................................................... 117  5.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT CURRENT SITUATION INVESTIGATION AND FORECASTING EVALUATION ........................................................................................................................................ 118  5.2.1 Regional Ecological Function Zoning ................................................................................... 118  Summary of Involved Ecological Function Zoning alongside the Line and Coordination Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 120  5.2.2 Analysis of Land Use and Cover Characteristics ................................................................. 121  Table 5-2-1: Current Situation of Land Use Within the Evaluation Area ................................. 124  5.2.3Current Situation of Vegetation Resources alongside the Line ............................................. 124  Summary on distribution of wild plants under the state key protection in the project area ...... 126  FIGURE 5-2-2 SURVEY OF VEGETATION COVER ALONG THE LINE ........................................................ 128  FIGURE 5-2-3 VEGETATION PATTERN ALONG THE RAILWAY ALIGNMETN ......................................... 133  5.2.4 Current Situation of Wild Animal Resources alongside the Line and Impacts Analysis...... 134  Table 5-2-13 Summary on the species of the wildlife under state special protection in the ecological sensitive area along the line ......................................................................................... 135  5.2.5 The current situation of water loss and soil erosion along the line...................................... 136  5.2.6 The current situation and evaluation of integrity of the ecological system .......................... 137  5.2.7Assessment of the ecological quality of the landscape ........................................................... 138  Table 5-2-16 The dominance values of patches in areas neighboring the line ....................... 139  5.2.8 Impact on the vegetation ecosystem along the line ............................................................... 140  Table 5-2-17 Reduction of biomass and productivity in the area where the railway runs through ............................................................................................................................................ 140  Table 5-2-18 The change of dominance of various patches after the implementation of the project .............................................................................................................................................. 142  5.2.9 Analysis of the impact of the construction on the potential range of Siberian tigers’ activities ......................................................................................................................................................... 142  5.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE LAND RESOURCES ALONG THE LINE .................................... 152  5.3.1 Utilization of the land ............................................................................................................ 152  5.3.2 Impact on land utilization and measures ............................................................................... 153  5.3.3 Impact on the basic farmland and mitigation measures ....................................................... 154  Table 5-3-2 Information about the basic farmlands along the line ......................................... 154  5.4 BRIDGE AND TUNNEL WORKS ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE ........................................................... 157  5.4.1 Bridge Work Environmental Influence .................................................................................. 157  Table 5-1-1（1） Fish Resource Distribution Summary in Relative Rivers ............................ 159  Table 5-1-1(2）Distribution Summary of Projects over Relative Rivers .................................... 160  Table 5-1-1（3）Pier Building Induced Fish Loss Estimation in Relative Rivers ................... 166  Table 5-4-1（4） Project Super Large and Large Bridge Distribution Summary ................... 171  5.4.2 Tunnel Work Environmental Influence .................................................................................. 180  Table 5-4-2 Water Surge Amount by the Precipitation Permeation Estimation Method ....... 183  Table 5-4-3 Water Surge Amount by the Precipitation Permeation Estimation Method ....... 186  Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table 5-4-4 Tunnel Condition Summary ................................................................................... 190  5.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND METHODS OF TEMPORARY WORKS .................................................................................................................................................................. 204  5.5.1 RATIONALITY ANALYSIS ON THE EARTHWORK(SLAG) BORROW AND DUMPING PITS .................................................................................................................................... 204  Table 5-5-1 Distribution of Sand Cutting Sites and Spoil Grounds along the Line .................. 204  Table 5-5-2（1） Rationality Analysis & Summary of Borrow & Dumping Pits .................... 209  Table 5-5-2（2） Adjustment Summary of Earth Borrow & Dumping Pits .......................... 213  Table 5-5-3（1） Main Project Slag Dumping Pit Distribution and Rationality Analysis ... 217  Table 5-5-3（2）Adjustment Summary of Borrow& Dumping Pits .......................................... 231  5.5.2 Other Temporary Works Distribution ................................................................................... 236  Table 5-5-5 Other Temporary Projects Distribution ................................................................. 236  5.5.3 Environment Impact Analysis and Protection Methods ........................................................ 236  Table 5-5-5 Summary of Protection Methods of Temporary Projects ..................................... 238  5.6 ANALYSIS ON WATER AND SOIL LOSS WHICH MAY OCCUR DURING CONSTRUCTION ..................... 238  5.6.1 Causes of water and soil loss ................................................................................................. 238  5.6.2 Prediction of water and soil loss ........................................................................................... 239  Table 5-6-1 Summary of Soil Erosion Area during the Construction and Natural Restoration Period (Unit: hm2) ......................................................................................................................... 242  Table 5-6-2 Calculation of Soil Erosion of the Original Landscaple ......................................... 249  Table 5-6-3 Estimation of Soil Erosion in the Construction and Natural Restoration Period . 257  Table 5-6-4 Statistics of Poject Soil Erosion 1 ............................................................................. 265  Table 5-6-5 Statistics of Poject Soil Erosion 2 ............................................................................. 265  5.6.3 Soil Erosion Prevention and Control Measures.................................................................... 265  5.7 MAIN ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE AREA ALONG THE LINE .................................................................. 275  5.7.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 275  5.7.2 Relationship between ecological sensitive area and line position........................................ 278  5.7.3 Impact analysis of project on Riguang Mountain Forest Garden ........................................ 279  5.7.4 Analysis on impact of engineering construction on Mijiang Salmon Protection Zone ........ 281  Table 5-7-9 Distribution of spawning grounds for fishes in Mi Jiang River's Reserve ......... 297  Table 5-7-10 Summary on regular patterns of fish migration and reproduction time in Mi Jiang River's Reserve ..................................................................................................................... 299  Table 5-7-11 Summary on distribution and life habits of the fish resources in the reserve .. 300  Table 5-7-12 Analysis of water quality monitoring results in Mi Jiang River's Reserve for 2008-2009 ........................................................................................................................................ 304  5.7.5 Analysis on impact of engineering construction on Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Nature Reserve............................................................................................................................................. 317  Table 5-7-20 Statistics of the occupied forest land areas for slope collars（Unit: hm2） .... 323  Table 5-7-21 List of state key protected and endangered wild plants in the reserve ............... 325  Table 5-7-22 Quantity of Key Protected Wild Plants ................................................................ 326  Table 5-7-23 Summary of Scores of Eco-system Influence Indicators....................................... 330  Table 5-7-24 Summary of Scores of Influence on Biotic Communities (Habitats) ................... 331  Table 5-7-25 Summary of Scores of Assessment Indicators of Impact on Population/Species 333  Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table 5-7-26 Summary of Scores of Assessment Indicators of Influence on Main Protection Targets ............................................................................................................................................. 335  Table 5-7-27 Summary of Scores of Assessment Indicators of Influence on Biological Safety ......................................................................................................................................................... 336  Table 5-7-28 Summary of Scores for Influence on Relevant Interest Groups ........................... 337  Table 5-7-29 Table of Calculation of Biodiversity Influence Index ........................................... 338  Table 5-7-30 Grading of Biodiversity Influence Degree............................................................. 338  In conclusion, the project construction influence index of biodiversity in Songhuajiang Three Lakes Province Level Nature Reserve is 19.55. It indicates that, the project has a slight influence on biodiversity in the nature reserve, and with adequate protecting and restoring measures during construction and operation periods, the project construction is feasible. ..................................... 339  5.7.6 Analysis on impact of engineering construction on Mingyue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve ......................................................................................................................................................... 339  Figure 5-7-10 Relationship between An Tu Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve and the project line ................................................................................................................................ 343  Table 5-7-31 Preliminary statistics of animals and plants resources in Ming Yue pine mushroom nature reserve .............................................................................................................. 344  Table 5-7-32 Overview of state protected animal and plant species in Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve ............................................................................................................ 344  Table 5-7-33 Summary of Scores of Eco-system Influence Indicators....................................... 350  Table 5-7-34 Summary of Scores of Influence on Biotic Communities (Habitats) ................... 351  Table 5-7-35 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Population/Species ...................... 353  Table 5-7-36 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Main Protection Targets............. 354  Table 5-7-37 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Biological Safety ......................... 355  Table 5-7-38 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Relevant Interest Groups ............ 357  Table 5-7-39 Calculation of Biodiversity Influence Indicators................................................ 357  Table 5-7-40 Grading of Biodiversity Influence Degree.............................................................. 357  Table 5-7-41 Table of Statistics of Transplanted Wild Plants .................................................. 358  5.8 ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION, RESTORATION & COMPENSATION MEASURES AND INVESTMENT ESTIMATION ........................................................................................................... 359  Table 5-7-42 Estimation of Total Investment for Ecological Protection Measures ............... 359  (incl. water and soil conservation measures) ................................................................................ 359  5.9 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ........................................................................................ 361  5.9.1 ASSESSMENT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SITUATION ........................................................ 361  5.9.2 ASSESSMENT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ............................................................. 361  5.9.3 SITUATION OF ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ...................................................................... 361  5.9.4 OTHER IMPACTS .......................................................................................................................... 361  5.9.5 SUGGESTIONS ..............................................................................................................................362  6. EVALUATION OF ACOUSTICAL ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES .................................... 363  6.1  INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 363  6.1.1  Ranges of Evaluation ..........................................................................................................363  6.1.2  Evaluation Class and Working Contents ........................................................................... 363  Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 6.1.3  Evaluation Standards ......................................................................................................... 363  Table 6-1: Acoustical Environment Influence Evaluation Standards........................................ 364  6.2  CURRENT SITUATION MONITORING AND EVALUATING .......................................................... 364  6.2.1 Acoustical Environment Current Situation Investigation ..................................................... 364  6.2.2 Acoustical Environment Current Situation Monitoring ........................................................ 364  6.2.3 Acoustical Environment Current Situation Analysis and Evaluation ................................... 366  Table 6-2: Results of Current Acoustical Environment Monitoring Along the Line ................ 368  6.3  FORECASTING EVALUATION .................................................................................................... 368  6.3.1  Forecasting Methods ..........................................................................................................368  6.3.2  Forecasting Technical Parameters .................................................................................... 371  Table 6-4: Train Numbers of This Line in Pair/Day ................................ 372  Table 6-6: Sound Source Strength of Passenger Trains with a Speed of 160km/h or less ....... 373  6.3.3  Forecasting Results and Evaluation .................................................................................. 373  Table 6-7: Forecasting Noise Results of the Project Running in the Near Future ................... 376  6.3.4  Typical Railway Line Noise Forecasting Values and Protection Distance ...................... 376  Table 6-8: Railway Noise Forecasting Data of Typical Embankment and Bridge Line ........... 377  Table 6-9: Noise Influences Protection Control Distance of Typical Embankment and Bridge Lines ................................................................................................................................................ 377  6.4  NOISE POLLUTION PROTECTION MEASURES ........................................................................... 378  6.4.1  Technical and Economical Comparison of Noise Pollution Protection Measures .......... 378  Table 6-10: Technical and Economical Comparison of Noise Pollution Protection Measures378  6.4.2  Principles of Noise Pollution Protection and Basis of Choosing Measures..................... 378  6.4.3  Noise Pollution Protection and Control Measures ........................................................... 379  6.5  CONSTRUCTION NOISE ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES EVALUATION ........................................ 379  6.5.1  Sound Source Analysis ....................................................................................................... 379  6.5.2  Noise Standard of Construction Field ............................................................................... 380  6.5.3  Control Distance from Construction Machine to Construction Field .............................. 381  6.5.4  Policy of Construction Noise Prevention and Control ...................................................... 382  6.6  CONCLUSION OF ACOUSTICAL ENVIRONMENT EVALUATION ................................................. 383  6.6.1  Evaluation of Current Situation ......................................................................................... 383  6.6.2  Forecasting Evaluation ...................................................................................................... 384  6.6.3  Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures ........................................................... 387  Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 1. General 1.1 Preparation description The project, starting from Jilin city in the west, is located within Jilin province, extending to Hunchun city of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in the east. It goes through districts Changyi, Fengman, Longtan, and Jiaohe city of Jinlin city, and cities Dunhua, Longjing, Yanji, Tumen, and Hunchun as well as Antu county of Yanbian Prefecture (See Figure Above). In the Jilin-Hunchun Railway Project, double-tracked main line, with a total length of 365.352km, is to be built from Jilin to Hunchun, and 3.31km-length (double-tracked) Changchun-Tumen and Longtanshan-Shulan connection lines are to be built. The project, connecting with Tumen port and Hunchun port, is mainly intended for passengers from city to city and tourists in cities along line of the railway. The railway will serve as engine for cooperation and development in Tumen River area, as well as construction of Changchun-Jilin-Tumenjiang Regional Development and Opening-up Pioneer Zone; represent an important part of high-speed railway network in the northeast China as the branch of Harbin-Dalian Railway Line along with Changchun-Jilin Intercity Railway, will be an important infrastructure for Changchun-Jilin-Tumenjiang railway line; and will play an role of guarantee in promoting national unity and strengthening national defense. The project is designed by China Railway Engineering Consults Group Co., Ltd., which prepared report for Pre-feasibility Study on New Jilin-Hunchun Passenger Dedicated Railway Line (for review) in December 2008, report for Feasibility Study on New Jilin-Hunchun Passenger Dedicated Railway Line in June, 2009, and conducted feasibility review in October, 2009. The Ministry of Railways has entrusted China Academy of Railway Science and China Railway Engineering Consults Group Co., Ltd. with environment impact assessment of the project. After accepting such entrustment, environment impact assessment (EIA) staff made site investigations on and monitored the current conditions of the society, economy, the public and environment-sensitive points along the railway line, heard opinions from all related local authorities along the railway line, and made forecast and analysis on environment impact of specific issues, now, this report is made. We acknowledge many authorities such as the Environmental Protection Department of Jilin province, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Jilin city, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Yanbian Prefecture, and Environmental Protection Bureaus of cities and counties along the railway line given powerful support and related authorities such as the department in charge of Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project planning, land and resource, forestry and water resources providing great assistance along the railway line in preparing this report. 1.2 Preparation basis The project environmental assessment complies with China laws and regulations, as well as the World Bank safeguard policies. For laws, regulations, rules, specifications, plan, planning documents, and related technical documents on the environmental protection involved in preparation of the report, see Annex 1. Of the World Bank safeguard polices, the following are triggered. ï?¬ OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment ï?¬ OP/BP4.36 Natural Habitats ï?¬ OP/BP4.11 Physical Cultural Resources ï?¬ OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples ï?¬ OP/BP4.12 Involuntary Resettlement 1.3 Purpose of assessment Understand the current conditions of environment in the region by site investigations and monitoring on environment of environment-sensitive targets distributed along the New Jilin-Hunchun Railway. Forecast impacts on environment during the construction and operation following the guiding thought of sustainable development, and implementing the principle of “prevention crucial, protection firstâ€?, "Laying equal stress on development and protection", and EIA-based design, construction as well as environment administration. Make necessary demonstrations on correction measures as specified in engineering design documents in accordance with the forecast results. In the principle of “Reducing pollutants by replacing old technologies with new onesâ€?, propose related measures and suggestions to reduce and control discharge of pollutants, and achieve regional overall control goal, thus offering scientific basis for environment administration and environment planning by local environmental protection departments. To avoid hidden threats on future work due to environment impacts of the project, make decisions according to democracy and science by implementing the thought of putting people into first place and carrying out the project demonstration in which the public along the railway participate. Lead the public to participate in management and supervision of environmental protection during the Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project construction and operation of the project, and such public participation also popularizes the related laws and policies on environmental protection of the state to some extent. Feasibility of the project is demonstrated in the view of environmental protection, and with aid of economic analysis, offering basis for environmental protection projects and environment administration of the project. 1.4 Principle of assessment In accordance with the related laws, regulations and documents on environmental protection of the state, guided by EIA guidelines and standards for railway EIA technology, we propose technologically-feasible and economically-reasonable correction measures and suggestions according to results of assessment on different sections selected based on different assessment elements. In the principle of focusing on environment-sensitive points such as involved ecological disruption, environment noises and vibrations, we make assessments with aid of necessary supplementary site investigations, monitoring and analogy monitoring, while considering the engineering design, and making good use of existing data in the light of the new railway features. 1.5 Scope of assessment 1.5.1 Engineering scope involved in the assessment The engineering study covers: (1) Jilin Railway Station (excluded) [CK0+000=Changchun-Tumen K126+590.376 (Jilin Railway Station center)] to North Hunchun Railway Station (included) (design terminal of Jilin-Hunchun Railway CK362+200) is 365.734km in length; and CK0+380-CK362+200 is the main line subject to the study, with new main line of 365.352km. Therefore, scope of the assessment starts at CK0+380. (2) Supporting works of Jilin Railway Station New Changchun-Tumen and Longtanshan-Shulan connection lines (Jilin Railway Station to South of Longtanshan Railway Station) with length of 3.31km (double-tracked). 1.5.2 Scope of assessment of environment elements (1) Ecological environment Areas within 300m from the center line of outer rails on sides of the railway; if the railway goes Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project through environment-sensitive area, the scope may be widened; areas within 100m from sides of construction assess; station, construction camp, soil excavating and depositing site, and areas within 100m from boundaries of lands for large temporary works. (2) Sound environment The scope of assessment falls within 200m from the center line of outer rails on sides of railway. (3) Vibration Vibrations from trains affect graveyard in Maoer Mountain and Old Longtan Town, i.e. area within 60m from the center line of outer rails on sides of the railway. (4) Water environment Water pollution sources, key passing water and main receiving water within the engineering design scope are to be assessed. (5) Atmosphere environment All stations falling within the engineering design scope are provided with new boilers and chimneys. (6) Electromagnetic environment Article 5.1.1 of the Standard for Environmental Influence Assessment of Railway Construction Projects TB10502-93 states that impacts on watching TV within 50m from the center line of outer rails shall be assessed, and in this assessment, 50m is increased to 80m. For power frequency electromagnetic field of traction substation, impacts within 50m from the enclosing wall shall be assessed. 1.6 Key assessments The key assessments are ecological environment impact assessment, sound environment impact assessment, environment vibration impact assessment, and water environment impact assessment. 1.7 Assessment grading The project is a large and new one. In accordance with relevant provisions of technical guidelines HJ/T2.2～2.5 and HJ/T19-1997 as well as TB10502-93 Standard for Environmental Influence Assessment of Railway Construction Projects, all specific assessments are graded as follows: 1. Ecological environment assessment Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project The project affects area greater than 50km2, but it results in construction-related biomass reduction by less than 50%, therefore, construction of the project neither affects specifies diversity, nor results in land desertification or deteriorates physical and chemical properties of land. The proposed project passes through far lake area in the Songhuajiang Three Lake Reserve of Jilin province, Mingyue Provincial Matsutake Nature Reserve of Antu county, and National Salmon Germplasm Resources Reserve of Mijiang River, which are intended to protect forest ecology, and preserve aquatic resources such as water resources, matsutake resources and salmon, and in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment---Ecological Environment Impact of Nature Resources Development (HJ/T 19-1997), the ecological environment assessment is determined to be grade 1. 2. Noise environment assessment As a new and large project, it passes through those areas to which standard for class II area as specified in the standard GB3096-2008 applies basically. Before and after construction of the project, noise level is raised by more than 5dB, consequently notably increasing noise-affected population. Referring to HJ2.4—2009 Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment—Sound Environment, and TB10502-93 Standard for Environmental Influence Assessment of Railway Construction Projects, the noise environment assessment is assessed at grade 1. 3. Water environment assessment 9 railway stations are involved in the project, and construction of the project results in additional 1.05~124.6m3/d of waste water, which is discharged at single port in these stations. Most of pollutants are non-persistent, and concentration of water subject to prediction is less than 7, therefore, the waste water is “simpleâ€? in terms of its complexity. In accordance with Article 5 of HJ/T2.3-93 Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment, the water environment impact is assessed at grade 3. 4. Atmosphere environment assessment The railway runs in cold areas, and according to the design, heating is realized using coal-fired boiler with the maximum capacity of 1.4MW, while electric heating plays an auxiliary role. Atmospheric pollutants from the project are mainly smoke & dust and SO2 contained in the flue gas, and calculations based on related provisions in the Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment---Atmosphere Environment (HJ2.2-2008) have shown that Pi in the SO2 and smoke & dust are 4.6% and 3.2% respectively. The atmosphere environment impact is assessed at grade 3. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 1.8 Assessment standard and assessment life 1.8.1 Assessment standard With regard to the proposed standard for the environment impact assessment, on July 20, 2010, the assessing organization submitted the “Letter Concerning Approval of Executed Standard for Assessing Environment Impacts of New Jilin-Hunchun Passenger Dedicated Railwayâ€?, i.e., Tie Ke Huan Letter No. [2010]10, to the Environmental Protection Department of Jilin province. According to the “Reply on Applicable Standards for Assessing Environment Impacts of New Jilin-Hunchun Passenger Dedicated Railwayâ€? (August 1, 2010), the following are determined to be applicable for this EIA: Table 1-8-1 Assessment standard Type Environ of Type of function zone ment Standard No. Standard name Applicable scope standa and standard values element rd Class II zone with 60dBA Over 60m from the in daytime and 50dBA in center line of outer rails Environmental night GB3096-2008 Quality Standard for Noise Class 4b zone with Over 30-60m from the 70dBA in daytime and center line of outer rails 60dBA in night Sound environ Noise control is not ment required outside those other than such special Huan Fa No. [2003]94 Notice on and noise-sensitive Relevant Issues for Environment Standa 60dBA in daytime and buildings as schools and Impact Assessment on such rd for 50dBA in night hospitals, and in schools Construction Projects as Highway quality without boarding and Railway (Light Rail included) students and hospitals without inpatient department Vibratio Standard of n 80dBA in daytime and Sides of main railway GB10070-88 Vibration in Urban environ 80dBA in night line Area Environment ment Water Environmental Standard for water zones Channels and rivers near environ GB3838-2002 Quality Standard for classified as II—V. sides of railway line ment Surface Water Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Type Environ of Type of function zone ment Standard No. Standard name Applicable scope standa and standard values element rd Amendment to Limits and Measurement 70dBA in daytime and 30m from the center line GB12525-90 Methods of Railway 70dBA in night of outer rails Noise on the Sound Boundary Alongside environ Railway Line ment Determined in accordance with the nature of Noise Limits for Construction site and GB12523-2008 adjacent sensitive points Construction Site construction access on construction site and type of construction Wastewater from Railways Stations of West Jiaohe, Dunhua, Standard for class III West Antu, North Hunchun, West Yanji and Tumen discharged into municipal pipes Standa Railway Stations of rd for North Weihuling, South dischar Dashitou and North ging Liangshui produce little wastewater, which is recycled. Water Integrated The railway crosses over Class II water environ GB8978-1996 Wastewater Songhuajiang River ment Discharge Standard The railway crosses over Class III water Jiao River The railway crosses over Class V water Mudanjiang River The railway crosses over Class III water Chaoyang River The railway crosses over Class II-III water Buerhatong River The railway crosses over Class IV water Gaya River Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Type Environ of Type of function zone ment Standard No. Standard name Applicable scope standa and standard values element rd For wastewater at construction sites during construction period, the standard for discharging is to be determined in accordance with functions of receiving water. Technical Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment Power frequency electric of Electromagnetic field of 4kV/m HJ/T24-1998 Radiation Produced Power frequency Health affected by 500 KV magnetic induction Electro Ultrahigh Voltage Standa intensity of 0.1mT magneti Transmission and rd for c Transfer Power dischar environ Engineering ging ment Damage-based constant method Limits of effects on recommended by Signal to noise ratio not / receiving of TV set International Radio less than 35dB along the railway line Consultative Committee (CCIR) (1) Standard for water environment Discharge port of the pollution source complies with GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard; and receiving water for wastewater discharged out of the pollution source complies with GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water. For the concrete use of the standards, see the tables 1-8-2～1-8-3. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table 1-8-2 Limits of wastewater discharge Ani Item mal Am oil moni Petro pH SS COD BOD5 and a Applicable scope leum veget nitro Standard able gen oil GB8978-1996---St Hunchun Railway andard for class-I 6~9 70 100 20 5 10 15 Station discharging Railways Stations of GB8978-1996---St West Jiaohe, Dunhua, andard for class-III 6~9 400 500 300 20 100 / West Antu, North discharging Hunchun, West Yanji and Tumen Railway Stations of GB5084-2005 5.5～ North Weihuling, Standard for dry 200 300 150 10 / / 8.5 South Dashitou and farming North Liangshui Note: pH is dimensionless, and the concentration is in mg/L. Standard value for quality of surface water environment Table 1-8-3 Standard value for quality of surface water environment Item Ammonia Applicable pH CODCr BOD5 nitrogen scope Executive standard Songhuajiang GB3838-2002 Environmental quality River, and standard for surface water 6~9 15 3 0.5 Buerhatong environment—Class II River Jiaohe River, GB3838-2002 Environmental quality Chaoyang standard for surface water 6~9 20 4 1.0 River and environment—Class III Buerhatong River GB3838-2002 Environmental quality standard for surface water 6~9 30 6 1.5 Gaya River environment—Class IV Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project GB3838-2002 Environmental quality Songhuajiang standard for surface water 6~9 40 10 2.0 River environment—Class V Note: pH is dimensionless, and the concentration is in mg/L. (2) Standard for atmosphere environment According to ambient air classification, the construction project is located within class-II area. According to ambient air classification, the construction project is located within class-II area. The quality of ambient air complies with the Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-1996)—standard for class-2 air. Boiler flue gas complies with GB13271-2001 Emission standard of air pollutants for boilers—Standard for period II of class-II area. Table 1-8-4 Ambient Air Quality Standard mg/m3 Standard value Daily average Item TSP 0.30 SO2 0.15 Table 1-8-5 Standard value as specified in the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boilers—Standard for period II of class-II area mg/m3 Item Smoke dust SO2 NOX <0.7MW for coal-fired 120 900 / boiler ≥0.7MW for coal-fired 200 900 / boiler (3) Electromagnetic monitoring and basis & standard for assessment HJ/T24-1998 Technical Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment of Electromagnetic Radiation Produced by 500 KV Ultrahigh Voltage Transmission and Transfer Power Engineering For effects of electrified railway on receiving of TV set, research achievements got in the past are used. When the signal to noise ratio is 35dB, it indicates to watch TV normally, and for quality of TV pictures, adopt damage-based five-level grading system recommended by CCIR. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 1.8.2 Assessment life The assessment life, determined according to the design service life, comes to an end by 2020 in the near future, and 2030 for a long term. 1.9 Target of environmental protection 1.9.1 Ecology protection After detailed investigations on natures of nature reserves, forest parks, drinking water source protection areas and cultural relics protection units located within the propose railway construction area, and on the basis of their relations with the propose railway, determine that the ecology-sensitive targets involved in the project are mainly the nature reserve, forest parks, cultural relics protection units through which the railway runs, as well as lands, forest lands, arable lands, animals, plants and capital farmlands distributed along the railway line. For targets of ecological environment protection along the railway line, see the table 1-9-1. Table 1-9-1 Targets of environmental protection along Jilin-Hunchun Railway Administrative Relationship with line No. Name district locations Songhuajiang River Three Lake Reserve Passing through the far 1 Jilin City of Jinlin province lake area over 40.5km Parallel to the national Mingyue Provincial Matsutake Nature highway, and running 2 Reserve of Antu county through the national highway over 41.3km Yanbian Running through the 3 Prefecture Riguangshan Provincial Forest Park park in tunnel Crossing through the National Salmon Germplasm Resources 5 core zone and Reserve of Mijiang River experiment zone. Lands, forest lands, arable lands, animals, Occupied for the Along the 6 plants, capital farmlands, soil excavating project, and affected by railway line and depositing site the project 1.9.2 Target of water environmental protection Water bodies over which the project passes are mainly Songhuajiang River, Mudangjiang River, Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Jiaohe River, Chaoyang River, Buerhatong River and Gaya River. Songhuajiang River over which the railway crosses is the drinking water source protection area. For targets of water environment protection of the project, see the table 1-9-2. Table 1-9-2 Targets of water environmental protection along Jilin-Hunchun Railway Administrative Quality Affecting No. Name Protected district standard factors Class-II protection area of Bridges surface drinking water source crossing Water 1 â…¢ of Jilin city (Songhuajiang over the quality River) river Bridges Domestic drinking water crossing Water 2 Jilin city source quasi-protection area of â…¢ over the quality Jiaohe city river Bridges crossing Water 3 Jiaohe River â…¢ over the quality river Bridges crossing Water 4 Chaoyang River â…¢ over the quality river Bridges Yanbian crossing Water 5 Buerhatong River Ⅱ～Ⅲ Prefecture over the quality river Bridges crossing Water 6 Gaya River â…¢ over the quality river Water Underground water within Construction The whole quality 7 tunnel and surface water at / water inflow railway line and entrance and exit of tunnel and drainage quantity 1.9.3 Target of sound environment protection and vibration environment protection Along the railway line, there are 107 targets of sound environment protection, 77 targets of Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project vibration environment protection and 84 targets of electromagnetic environment protection. For these targets, see the Annex 2. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 2 General descriptions about the project and analysis 2.1 General descriptions 2.1.1 Railway line engineering (1) Direction of the railway line The railway line runs as follows: starting from intercity train of the Jilin Railway Station→changing the direction to the east at a radius of 400m, reaching the existing Changchun-Tumengjiang Railway over the Sonhuajiang River and the existing Longtanshan –Fengman Railway→passing through the construction control zone between Old Longtanshan Town and Maoershan Graveyard→crossing over the ring highway→running in the north of Songhuajiang Three Lake Reserve in Zhongsha, and reaching Qingling town in the east→crossing through Laoyeling in tunnel, and reaching the West Jiaohe Station, which is to be built in the southwest Jiaohe city→passing through Fuqiang town, Huangnihe town, and Weihuling town, and reaching the new Dunhua station northern to the existing Dunhua Railway Station→South Dashitou Station to be located in the south of Dashitou town of Daqiao township→running in the north to Buerhatong River, and crossing over the river bear Liangbing town→reaching West Antu Station to be located in the southwest of Antu city→going in the south of Shimen town and north of Tongfo Temple→reaching to-be-built West Yanji Station after crossing over Chaoyang River in the north of Chaoyangchuan town→changing its direction to the northeast, and passing through Northern Xing’an town to the north of Yanji urban district→running to the southeast, and crossing over the existing Changchun-Tumen Railway line and Buerhatong River in the north of Mopanshan Town→running northeastward→after passing Nanshui village, crossing through Riguangshan Provincial Forest Park eastward→after crossing at a radius of 1,600m, integrating with Changchun-Tumen Railway line→entering into the existing Tumen Station→crossing over Tumen-Hunchun Railway line→turning to the east at Gaya River, and running to Northern Station of Liangshui town→North Tumen Station - changing its direction to the southeast by crossing over Mijiang River in the north of Mijiang town and Yingan River→reaching eastern suburb of Hunchun city→running eastward, and reaching North Hunchun Station to be located in Shuangxin village→terminal CK362+200. The total length of the railway line is 365.352km. The length of main line is 113.543km within Jilin city, and 251.809km within Yanji city. (2) Key technical standards 1) Railway classification: Passenger dedicated line; Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 2) Target speed value: 250km/h 3) Number of main line: Double; 4) Line distance: 4.6m 5) Minimum radius of curve: generally 4,500m, and 3,200m in case of difficulty; 6) Maximum slope: 20‰ 7) Type of traction: electric; 8) Type of train: D-prefaced trainsets; 9) Effective length of receiving departure track: 650m; 10) Operation control mode of train: Auto-control; (2) Scale and characteristics of the project For the scale and characteristics of the project, see the table 2-1-1. Table 2-1-1 Table for components and main technical indexes for Newly Built Jilin-Hunchun Rail Line Project Valley of the Songhuajiang River valley and Tumen I. Basic information of the project project River valley Project name New Jilin-Hunchun Railway Construction Jilin city of Jilin province, and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture location Construction unit Shenyang Railway Administration Bureau Investment unit Ministry of Railways and Jilin Province Number of Railway classification Grade I Double main line 250 for Construction Total length of the railway line: Construction scale Design speed passenger length 365.352km. train Number of Type of traction engine Electric 8 new stations and 1 station to be altered stations Total investment Length of 4,041,692.37×104Yuan 107.997km amounts subgrade Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Construction 4 years from January, 2011 to December, 2014 duration II. Floor area III. Key technical indexes Key indexes Permanently Project Temporarily Name of key Changchun-Tumen Total occupied components occupied land works and land Main line Longtanshan-Shulan connection lines Subgrade: Extra large 56 717.65 717.65 1 bridge/1714m 107.997km bridge bridges/75,453.66m Large and 47 bridges Station 206.84 206.84 medium /13141.45m bridge Bridge and Main body works culvert: 152.21 152.21 Small bridge 1 bridge/16m 88.611km Medium bridge Tunnel framework 31 bridges-6,747 43.01 43.01 155.144km square meters Small bridge framework 278 bridges—7,649 Relocation Culvert 54.07 54.07 horizontal linear of road framework meters Living quarter for 190.45 190.45 190.45 85 bridges/155144m construction Construction road 117.38 117.38 117.38 212.1km area Borrow area 260.93 260.93 260.93 202.1km Waste slag yard 474.34 474.34 474.34 588893m2 Total 2216.88 1173.78 1043.11043.1 1043.1 III. Quantity of earth and stone works（Unit: 104m3） Project Earth Transportation Borrow Fill earth Waste earth Description components excavation party earth Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Subgrade 1645.1 1506.79 1142.33 297.61 502.77 Earth and stone works across the Station 369.67 659.12 45.74 471.25 323.93 whole line Main body Total quantity: works Tunnel 2285 0 0 0 2076.02 6990.29 Bridge 306.02 218.59 218.59 0 87.43 (208.98 earths and stones for subgrade and station are waste slag from Total 4605.79 2384.5 1406.66 768.86 2990.15 construction of tunnel) 2.1.2 Rail and subgrade works 1. Rail work The new Jilin-Hunchun Rail mainly adopts the ballast rail ; and for tunnel with length greater than 6km, doubleï¼?block type ballastless rail are used. Install long continuous welded track through railway station. For connection lines, they are designed in accordance with the standard for heavy track, and for ballast track structures, install long continuous welded track through railway station. (1) Steel rail For the steel rail, they are the new ones without bolt holes and with fixed-length of 100m and 60kg/m, their maximum allowable deviation, straightness and allowable distortion value comply with the relevant requirements of Tie Ke Ji Letter No. [2005]298 Interim Specifications for 60kg/m Steel Rails of 250km/h Passenger Dedicated Railway Line. (2) Road bed In this railway, super ballasts with compactness of 1.75g/cm3 are used, the support with rigidity of 110kN/mm is used. For other ballasts, their physical mechanical properties shall comply with the requirements of the related regulations of the Ministry of Railways. 2. Subgrade work (1) Length of subgrade Main line of the railway is 365.352km in total length, among which the design length of section subgrade is 107.997km, accounting for 29.56% of the total length of the railway line. The road cut is about 45.355km and road embankment about 62.642km in length. The total length of connection lines is 3.31km, among which length of section subgrade is 1.596km. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project (2) Width of subgrade In the straight section, the width of subgrade surface is 13.4m, the width of road shoulder is larger than 1.2m See Fig. 2.1: Fig. 2-1: Typical road embankment and road cut sections (3) Quantity of earth and stone works Total quantity of earth and stone works for the subgrade, tunnel, station, and bridge subgrade is 6900.29×104m3, among which 2384.50×104m3 is filling earth and 4605.79×104m3 is excavated earth. For quantity of key earth and stone works, see the table 2-1-2. Table 2-1-2 Summary for quantity of earth and stone works Unit: 104m3 Project name Sections Tunnel Station Bridge Total Fill earth 1506.79 0 659.12 218.59 2384.5 Earth 1645.10 2285 369.67 306.02 4605.79 excavation Total 3151.89 2285 1028.79 524.61 6990.29 (4) Distribution of construction sites of subgrade Sections through which the railway passes, which require special subgrades, are deep road cut, loose and soft zone and road cut of expansive rocks (soils). Across the railway line, the total length of road embankment is 2.877km, and that of the deep road cut is 5.358km. Loose and soft zone: CK176+100～CK176+350, located in terrace area, with flat and open Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project topography, and arable lands across most of the surfaces. Road cut section of expansive rocks (soils): CK260+950～CK261+280, located in hilly area, with little irregular topography and on which vegetations are growing. For quantities of reinforcement and protection works of high road embankment, deep road cut and subgrade along the whole railway line, see tables 2-1-3 and 2-1-4. After checking against the latest data, the height of sections subject to heightening and deep cutting as indicated in the original design has been optimized and reduced or such heightening or deep cutting have been cancelled by: 1. Changing 19m high road embankment of the original CK001+709~ CK001+777 section with extra large bridge which is because the starting milestone of extra bridge over Songhuajiang River has been adjusted to CK1+271.59; 2. Canceling 28m deep road cut of the CK297+500~ CK297+789 section through optimization of longitudinal section of railway line; 3. Adjusting 42m deep road cut of the CK298+885~ CK298+927 section down to less than 7m through optimization of longitudinal section of railway line; and 4. Adjusting 37m deep road cut of the CK299+137~ CK299+247 section down to less than 5m through optimization of longitudinal section of railway line. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table 2-1-3 Table for information of high road embankment and deep road cut along the complete railway line Administrative districts Starting point End point Heightening scope (m) Average heightening value (m) Length (m) High road embankment CK000+980 CK001+272 8.1-13.8 11.0 292 Section 1 CK007+560 CK007+620 10.8-11.8 11.2 60 Section 2 CK008+380 CK008+700 8.2-9.4 8.7 320 Section 3 Longtan district, Jilin city CK010+920 CK011+000 9.4-13.2 11.5 80 Section 4 CK013+820 CK013+860 8.0-11.2 10.5 40 Section 5 CK015+690 CK015+880 8.1-15.1 11.3 190 Section 6 CK020+600 CK020+740 8.8-12.3 10.8 140 Section 7 CK026+100 CK026+160 10.4-14.2 11.9 60 Section 8 CK030+720 CK030+800 8.9-9.7 9.3 80 Section 9 CK033+240 CK033+300 8.2-9.7 8.9 60 Section 10 Jiaohe city CK046+060 CK046+140 8.4-17.0 10.9 80 Section 11 CK054+200 CK054+300 8.5-11.5 10.2 100 Section 12 CK072+560 CK072+720 8.7-10.1 9.4 160 Section 13 CK076+700 CK076+740 8.8-10.8 10.2 40 Section 14 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project CK089+980 CK090+020 8.3-8.5 8.4 40 Section 15 CK090+120 CK090+160 8.0-8.8 8.4 40 Section 16 CK090+300 CK090+420 8.1-8.9 8.5 120 Section 17 CK109+900 CK110+040 8.4-9.4 9.0 140 Section 18 CK117+240 CK117+320 8.0-8.4 8.2 80 Section 19 Dunhua city CK118+660 CK118+780 8.0-9.6 9.0 120 Section 20 CK189+140 CK189+420 8.1-11.1 9.5 280 Section 21 CK202+300 CK202+360 8.5-9.2 9.0 60 Section 22 Antu city CK204+080 CK204+120 9.2-13.9 11.9 40 Section 23 Yanji city CK268+400 CK268+440 9.0-15.8 12.0 40 Section 24 CK290+940 CK291+020 10.2-12.4 11.7 80 Section 25 Tumen city CK307+260 CK307+332 8.1-9.1 8.5 72 Section 26 Total 2814 Administrative districts Starting point End point Deepening scope (m) Average deepening value (m) Length (m) Deep road cut CK007+820 CK007+880 12.9-14.3 13.7 60 Section 1 Longtan district, Jilin city CK010+560 CK010+620 12.6-24.3 18.6 60 Section 2 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project CK016+040 CK016+100 13.1-22.8 18.8 60 Section 3 CK016+220 CK016+320 14.6-23.5 18.8 100 Section 4 CK017+720 CK017+880 12.7-19.5 14.8 160 Section 5 CK021+000 CK021+160 12.6-22.3 16.4 160 Section 6 CK026+240 CK026+300 16.3-23.7 19.6 60 Section 7 CK062+800 CK063+000 12.3-20.2 16.9 200 Section 8 CK073+060 CK073+160 13.1-15.8 14.9 100 Section 9 CK074+000 CK074+140 12.0-13.9 13.2 140 Section 10 Jiaohe city CK100+860 CK100+940 13.2-25.7 20.6 80 Section 11 CK103+060 CK103+140 13.2-24.1 18.5 80 Section 12 CK103+240 CK103+360 12.2-21.1 16.1 120 Section 13 CK104+560 CK104+720 13.5-18.7 16.0 160 Section 14 CK114+100 CK114+140 12.8-14.4 13.8 40 Section 15 CK115+300 CK115+340 12.4-14.6 13.8 40 Section 16 Dunhua city CK118+400 CK118+440 12.0-14.6 13.5 40 Section 17 CK120+040 CK120+120 12.6-18.7 16.0 80 Section 18 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project CK124+260 CK124+300 12.7-18.2 15.4 40 Section 19 CK150+200 CK150+240 12.2-13.7 13.0 40 Section 20 CK150+340 CK150+440 12.5-16.1 14.4 100 Section 21 CK161+760 CK161+820 13.3-20.2 16.6 60 Section 22 CK162+440 CK162+560 12.9-21.9 16.8 120 Section 23 CK166+460 CK166+609 12.9-27.7 22.6 149 Section 24 CK166+620 CK166+760 12.2-16.9 15.4 140 Section 25 CK172+540 CK172+580 13.1-17.2 15.4 40 Section 26 CK185+620 CK185+774 12.4-23.2 18.3 154 Section 27 CK189+600 CK189+720 12.3-21.2 17.2 120 Section 28 CK198+757 CK198+820 13.3-21.7 17.5 63 Section 29 Antu city CK214+840 CK214+920 13.9-16.2 14.7 80 Section 30 CK226+120 CK226+320 12.1-16.8 15.3 200 Section 31 CK248+420 CK248+500 12.6-19.2 16.5 80 Section 32 Longjing city CK248+840 CK248+880 13.4-17.7 16.0 40 Section 33 CK249+920 CK250+020 13.9-24.5 19.4 100 Section 34 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project CK269+580 CK269+700 12.2-16.0 14.6 120 Section 35 Yanji city CK270+460 CK270+640 13.0-18.8 16.2 180 Section 36 CK270+980 CK271+040 12.5-15.0 13.6 60 Section 37 Tumen city CK283+220 CK283+300 12.7-19.0 16.5 80 Section 38 CK355+140 CK355+380 14.2-23.1 19.0 240 Section 39 Hunchun city CK356+620 CK356+860 12.6-25.0 18.4 240 Section 40 Total 4186 Table 2-1-4 Table for quantities of main subgrade works Actions Concrete actions Unit Quantity Type Dry-masonry flag stone protection (m3) 8543 Gravel anti-filtration course (m3) 4272 3D ecological green protection (m2) 159030 Slope protection M7.5 cement grouted flag stone (m3) 656800 C15 prefabricated concrete (m3) 49875 C20 concrete cavity brick (m3) 19307 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Window and banking up with soils internally (m3) 15382 Placing grass seeds (m2) 659768 Broadcasting and planting grasses (m2) 1330258 River locust (Stem) 10687626 25kN/m two-way geo-grid （m2) 2418274 Smooth blasting （m2) 145863 Foundation excavation (earth) （m3) 304184 Foundation excavation (stone) （m3) 456277 Broadcasting and planting grasses （m2) 59482 Soil excavating and depositing site protection C25 flag stone concrete (m3) 3532 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project 2.1.3 Station 9 stations are assigned for the railway, and they are stations of west Jiaohe, north Weihuling, Dunhua, south Dashitou, west Antu, west Yanji, Tumen, north Liangshui(removed during design stage), and north Hunchun, among which Tumen station is an existing one, and others are new intermediate ones. Along the railway line, 3 overall repair sites are newly provided, and they are located in stations of west Jiaohe, Dunhua and Tumen, and in stations of Dunhua, west Antu and north Yanji, each new AT traction substation is built respectively. As for general descriptions of distribution of main-line stations and detailed information of stations, see tables 2-1-5 (1)~(2). Table 2-1-5 (1) General description of stations Open to trains or No Name of Inter-statio Nature of not Type of line Central mileage . station n distance station 202 203 0 0 Changchun-Tume Jilin n K126+533 Passenger 1 (excluded Yes Yes Jilin-Tumen station ) 66.537 DK0+000 West Intermediat 2 DK66+535 Yes Yes Jiaohe e station 52.22 North Overtaking 3 Weihulin DK116+365 Yes Yes station g 39.315 Intermediat 4 Dunhua DK155+680 Yes Yes Jilin-Hunchu e station n Railway 19.12 South Intermediat 5 DK174+800 Yes Yes Dashitou e station 43.13 West Intermediat 6 DK216+450 Yes Yes Antu e station 49.99 West Passenger 7 DK266+450 Yes Yes Yanji station 40.28 Intermediat 8 Tumen DK305+550 Yes Yes e station 17.632 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Open to trains or No Name of Inter-statio Nature of not Type of line Central mileage . station n distance station 202 203 0 0 North Intermediat 9 DK323+182 Yes Yes Liangshui e station 37.918 North Intermediat 10 DK361+100 Yes Yes Hunchun e station Table 2-1-5 (2) General description of stations Quantity of Name of earth and stone Scale of station Lands occupied works station (m2) 4 receiving departure tracks (2 main lines Newly-occupied Fill earth: 88.8 West included) with effective length of 650m, land of 15.87 hm2, Jiaohe and basic platform with dimensions of most of which are Earth 450×12×1.25m. arable lands. excavation: 25.1 4 receiving departure tracks (2 main lines Newly-occupied Fill earth: 44.1 North included) with effective length of 650m, land of 12.4 hm2, Weihuling and basic platform with dimensions of most of which are Earth 450×12×1.25m. arable lands. excavation: 2.93 High-speed lot with 2 platforms and 2 tracks, 4 receiving departure tracks (2 main lines included) with effective length of 650m, and basic platform with Newly-occupied Fill earth: 3.55 dimensions of 450×12×1.25m. land of 39.8 hm2, Dunhua Earth Ordinary lot with 5 receiving departure most of which are excavation: tracks (1 main line included), 1 arable lands. 179.84 intermediate platform with dimensions of 500×10.5×0.5m. Effective length of receiving departure track: 1,050m Station with 2 platforms and 4 tracks, 4 Fill earth: 31.03 Newly-occupied receiving departure tracks (2 main lines South land of 10 hm2, Earth included) with effective length of 650m, Dashitou most of which are excavation: and basic platform with dimensions of arable lands. 14.67 450×12×1.25m. Station with 2 platforms and 4 tracks, 4 Fill earth: 29.4 Newly-occupied receiving departure tracks (2 main lines West land of 18.33 hm2, Earth included) with effective length of 650m, Antu most of which are excavation: and basic platform with dimensions of arable lands. 90.63 450×12×1.25m. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Station with 4 platforms and 7 tracks, 9 receiving departure tracks (2 main lines included) with effective length of 650m, basic platform with dimensions of 450×12×1.25m, and 3 intermediate platforms with dimensions of 450×12×1.25m. Newly-occupied Fill earth: 89.29 West D-prefaced train storage yard of North land of 49.47hm2, Earth Yanji most of which are excavation: Yanji Station 2m in the northwest to the arable lands. 74.74 station. D-prefaced train storage yard starting from the throat to the west of the line, with 6 storage tracks and 4 reserved storage tracks up to effective length of 538～ 785m. High-speed lot with 4 receiving departure tracks (2 main lines included) with effective length of 650m, and one basic platform with dimensions of Newly-occupied Fill earth: 46.26 450×12×1.25m. land of 32.2 hm2, Tumen Earth Ordinary lot with 3 receiving departure most of which are excavation: tracks (1 main line included) with effective arable lands. 41.92 length of 650m, one immediate platform with dimensions of 500×10.5×0.5m, a share with the high-speed lot. 4 receiving departure tracks (2 main lines Newly-occupied Fill earth: 23.92 North included) with effective length of 650m, land of 14.33 hm2, Earth Liangshui and basic platform with dimensions of most of which are excavation: 450×12×1.25m. forest lands. 69.14 Station with 3 platforms and 4 tracks, 4 receiving departure tracks (2 main lines Newly-occupied Fill earth: 126.5 North included) with the main line against the land of 14 hm2, Hunchun platform temporarily, effective length of most of which are Earth 650m, and basic platform with dimensions arable lands. excavation: 45.2 of 450×12×1.25m. Typical station arrangement plans and station configurations are as follows: (1) West Jiaohe Station Fig. 2-2 Arrange plan for West Jiaohe Station Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project The station is located about 2.3km in the west of Jiaohe River, and 0.8km from the national highway No. 302, offering convenient access. It is located at the edge of urban planning area, no urban planning land is occupied, and avoids crossing through the urban district, according to the urban development planning of Jiaohe city. (2) North Weihuling Sattion: The station is located about 1.5km in the northeast of Weihuling town. A hill comes between the station and the town (hill top 50m higher than the station), and the station is built in the northern hillside. The occupied lands are arable lands (tobacco planted). The villages and town is located to the southern hillside, therefore, most impacts of noises on the villages and town during the operation period are shielded, thus few impacts are exerted on villager, and at the same time, a road runs from the southern hillside to the northern hillside, therefore, the stations offers convenient traffic, and facilitates transportation of villagers. (3) Dunhua Station: Fig. 2-3 Arrange plan for Dunhua Station The new Dunhua Station is located about 11km in the northeast of the existing Dunhua Railway Station. Most residential districts involved in construction of the new station are shanty town, which have been incorporated into the list of districts subject to removal for renovation of Dunhua city. Location of the station accords to the urban renovation, and is suitable for the local development. At the same time, the existing Dunhua Railway Station and freight yard, as well as zones of Changchun-Tumen Railway line to the south of this new station must be removed, and their new locations are in the north of the passenger dedicated line, and are parallel to the line. Therefore, portion of the passenger dedicated line in Dunhua city doesn’t result in a secondary division of the urban district, but moves the whole railway lines northward, and makes lines far from the main urban district. The freight services originally offering by the existing Dunhua Railway Station are provided in Daqiao Station of Changchun-Tumen Railway line according to adjustments, thus eliminating impacts of freight services noises on the urban district, improving the sound environment in Dunhua city. (4) South Dashitou Station: The station is located about 2km in the southwest of Dashitou town, and 2.4km to the south of the existing Changchun-Tumen Railway line and the national highway No. 302. Cement road runs besides the station location, and the distance from the road to the station is about 700m, thus convenient traffic is offered. Most lands occupied by the station are corn fields, and no residential district is occupied, thus reserving full space for the urban development, and facilitating transportation of residents. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project (5) West Antu Station According to the people’s government of Antu county, the preferred option is to build the station near the office building of the county Party committee. After both the geographical factor of the county being surrounded by hills, and the urban development are considered into the design, the station is located in the hillside to the southwest of the office building of the county Party committee, and in this case, most occupied lands are shanty towns. These shanty towns must be removed for the purpose of constructing the station, but such removal just accords to renovation of shanty towns as planned by the government of Antu county, playing a role of accelerating urbanization of the county; and at the same time, the station is built against mountains in the south, i.e. it is on the southern edge of the urban district, therefore, northward development of the urban district is not affected. (6) West Yanji Station: The station, about 1km from the building of the people’s government of Yanji Prefecture, is located at the fringe area between urban district of Yanji and Chaoyangchuan town and to the north of Yansan Highway. It has a distance of 5.5km from the built urban central district and 3.5km from Chaoyangchuan town. According to the development planning of Yanji city, Chaoyangchuan town will be incorporated into the jurisdiction of the city. With regard to building a station for Jilin-Hunchun passenger dedicated line in Yanji city, based on communications with the concerned departments of the people’s government of Yanji city as well as department in charge of planning, and in order to goi with requirements of the local government, inject driving force into the development of Chaoyangchuan town, and to meet requirement of Yanji-Longjing-Tumen integrated development, the station is built to the north of Yansan Highway which presents relatively gentle topography, and such location gives considerations to development both of Yanji city and Chaoyangchuan town, and complies with the urban development planning. (7) Tumen railway station： Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Fig. 2-5 Arrange plan for Tumen Station The existing Tumen Railway Station is the terminal and port station. It provides receiving departure freight services, and at the same time, development of Tumen city is also based on the Changchun-Tumen Railway and Tumen Railway Station, therefore, the existing Tumen Railway Station has become a landmark in minds of Tumen citizens.The design has given full considerations to opinions of the local government departments, and connecting the Jilin-Tumen passenger dedicated line with the existing Tumen Railway Station can make good use of the existing passenger transportation facilities and facilitate boarding and alighting. Moreover, according to such connection option, only some plants are removed, thus avoiding removal of villages, reserving space for the future urbanization of these villages, and complying with the urban development planning of Tumen city. (8) North Liangshui station: The station, 2.6km in the northwest of Liangshui town, is located between the national highway No. 302 and Jilin-Hunchun Highway, less than 100m from the national highway in the south. Based on those, the station offers convenient traffic, and its locations exert no impact on the development of the town, reserving enough space for the development of the town. (9) North Hunchun station: The station is located in the north of connection line between Zhanqian Street of Hunchun city and provincial highway No. 201. The station integrates with the urban district through Zhanqian Street, an important traffic road. Therefore, the station offers good traffic, and moreover, it is in good connection with the planned Dongning-Hunchun Railway. To build the station, the arable lands are used, and no resident unit is involved. The station is located on the northeastern edge of land planned for urban district, therefore, it exerts no impacts on the urban development, and complies with the urban development planning. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Photo 2-1 West Jiaohe Station Photo 2-2 North Weihuling station Photo 2-3 Current conditions of environment in Photo 2-4 Current conditions of environment in Dunhua Station South Dashitou Station Photo 2-5 Current conditions of environment in Photo 2-6 Current conditions of environment in West Antu Station West Yanji Station Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Photo 2-7 Current conditions of environment in Photo 2-8 Current conditions of environment North Liangshui Station in North Hunchun station 2.1.4 Bridge and culvert Along the railway line, there are 104 extra large bridges, large bridges, medium bridges and small bridges with total length of 88611.11m. Total length of bridges accounts for 24.25ï¼… of that of the railway line, i.e. 365.352km. The largest bridge is the Dashitou Extra Large Bridge with total length of 5606m; and for distributions of bridge and culvert, see the table 2-1-6: Water systems over which the railway line runs are Songhuajiang River system and Tumen River system. The railway line crosses over Songhuajiang River and its tributaries of Xinkai River, and Jiaohe River, over Mudanjiang River and its tributaries of Huangni River and Toudao River; over Buerhatong River and its tributaries of Fuxing River, Chaoyang River, Yangji River, and over Tumen River and its tributaries of Gaya River, and Mijiang River. Among these rivers, only Songhuajiang River, a IV-grade channel, must be open to navigation. In addition, the railway line and the Jilin-Hunchun Highway run side by side, and the railway crosses over several highways. For crossing rivers, highways, and bridges, see the table 2-1-7: Table 2-1-6 Distributions of main-ling-through bridges and culverts Quantity Item Unit Double tracks (with box beam) Extra large bridge Bridges-Horizontal linear meters 56-75453.66 Large bridge Bridges-Horizontal linear meters 46-11314.5 Medium bridge Bridges-Horizontal linear meters 1-26.95 Small bridge Bridges-Horizontal linear meters 1-16 Total length Bridges-Horizontal linear meters 104-88611.11 Percentage for length of the % 24.23 railway line Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Medium bridge framework Bridges- Square meters 2-1952 Small bridge framework Bridges- Square meters 29-4795 Culvert framework Bridges- Horizontal linear meters 278-7649 Table 2-1-7 Table for main crossing rivers, highways, and bridges Bridge Piles Mileage at Mileage at Crossing Primary span Bridge name length in starting point terminal river/highway (m) (m) water Extra large 56+96+96+56, bridge of Songhuajiang DK01+777 DK04+664 2887 6PCS and river width Songhuajiang River about 330m River Xiaochuan extra large DK12+420 DK13+627 1207 Ring highway / 40+64+40 bridge 32m-span, and Caomugou Caomugou DK21+401.80 DK21+776.00 374 5PCS river width about large bridge 1 Reservoir 160m Extra large 32m-span, and bridge of DK34+750 DK35+778 1028 Xinkai River river width about Xinkaihe River 25m Extra large 32m-span, and bridge of DK67+261 DK70+267 3006 Jiaohe River 5PCS river width about Jiaohe River 140m Extra large 32m-span, and bridge of Xiaojiaohe DK82+935 DK83+718 783 1PCS river width about Xiaojiaohe River 30m River Erdaokou extra DK105+909 DK107+985 2075 Highway / 40+80+40 large bridge Dachuantun 32m-span, and Huangnihe extra large DK120+212 DK121+371 1159 No river width about River bridge 1 10m Dachuantun extra large DK124+455 DK125+220 765 Highway / 48+80+48 bridge 3 Ping an bao extra large DK146+285 DK149+878 3593 Highway / 40+64+40 bridge Extra large DK156+350 DK159+520 3170 Mudanjiang 6PCS 32m-span, and bridge of river width about Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Bridge Piles Mileage at Mileage at Crossing Primary span Bridge name length in starting point terminal river/highway (m) (m) water Mudanjiang River 180m River Toudao 32m-span, and Dashitou extra DK176+848 DK182+454 5606 No river width about large brtidge River 20m Extra large 32m-span, and bridge of Buerhatong DK213+372 DK214+810 1438 No river width about Buerhatong River 15m river of Antu Fuxing 32m-span, and Antu extra DK217+350 DK218+000 650 No river width about large bridge River 25m Extra large bridge of 32m-span, and Buerhatong Buerhatong DK233+375 DK233+782 407 1PCS river width about River river of 40m Shimen Extra large Chaoyang 32m-span, and bridge of DK260+898 DK265+034 4136 1PCS river width about Chaoyanghe River 32m River Extra large Yaji 32m-span, and bridge of Yaji DK273+324 DK276+838 3514 No river width about River River 18m Extra large bridge of 32m-span, and Buerhatong Buerhatong DK283+320 DK284+577 1257 4PCS river width about River river of 115m Mopanshan Extra large Gaya 32m-span, and 10 bridge of Gaya DK307+332 DK308+509 1177 river width about River PCS River 260m Over-highway extra large bridge of DK316+803 DK318+206 1403 Highway / 40+64+40 Qingrong Village Over-highway extra large DK320+510 DK322+829 2318 Highway / 48+80+48 bridge of Nanda River Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Bridge Piles Mileage at Mileage at Crossing Primary span Bridge name length in starting point terminal river/highway (m) (m) water Extra large Mijiang 32m-span, and bridge of DK337+173 DK338+072 899 1PCS river width about Mijiang River 35m 32m-span, river Extra large width about 33m, bridge of Gan Mijiang DK338+838 DK340+129 1291 4PCS and Ganmijiang River 113m-inclined River span 2.1.5 Tunnel There are 85 tunnels along the railway line, with the total extension length of 155.144km, accounting for 42.46ï¼… of total length of the railway line (365.352km). Lafashan tunnel, a double-tracked one with total length of 9,909m, is the longest one (mileage at entrance: CK36+075, and mileage at exit: CK45+984). Photo2-9 Current conditions of environment at Photo 2-10 Current conditions of environment entrance of Lafashan tunnel at inclined shaft 2 of Lafashan tunnel For statistics of tunnel, see the table 2-1-7. For current conditions of environment at entrance of Lafashan Tunnel, see photos 2-9～2-10. For current conditions of environment at entrances, exits and roofs of the large and long tunnels along the whole railway line, see the table 2-1-9. Table 2-1-8 Statistics table for tunnel according to recommended option Type of line Tunnel length divisions 250km/h Ｌ≤500m 19 PCS 6101m 500m<Ｌ≤3000m 49 PCS 60056m Double-tracked 3000m<Ｌ≤10000m 17 PCS 88987 m Total 85 PCS 155144m Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table 2-1-9 Statistics table for current conditions of environment at entrances, exits and roofs of the large and long tunnels Maxim Number Mileage um Mileage at Length of No. Tunnel name at buried Descriptions exit (m) inclined entrance depth shafts (m) Vegetations are growing in the DK22+66 location of the tunnel, and no 1 Caomugou tunnel DK26+033 3367 387 0 6 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the location of the tunnel, DK36+07 2 Lafashan Tunnel DK45+984 9909 474 4 settlements are found at 160m 5 from the entrance, and no settlements at exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the Shuangmiaozi DK46+19 location of the tunnel, and no 3 DK49+507 3317 235 0 Tunnel 0 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the location of the tunnel, DK54+82 4 Xiangshui Tunnel DK59+260 4437 209 1 settlements are found at 266m 3 from the entrance, and no settlements at exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the location of the tunnel, DK91+28 5 Shimen Tunnel DK97+432 6149 289 1 settlements are found at 178m 3 from the entrance, and no settlements at exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the location of the tunnel, no DK110+9 6 Weihuling Tunnel DK114+079 3109 205 0 settlements are found at entrance, 70 and roof, and sensitive points are found at 270m from the exit. Vegetations are growing in the DK208+6 location of the tunnel, and no 7 Gaotai Tunnel DK212+251 3568 158 1 83 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the DK218+0 location of the tunnel, and no 8 Jiulong Tunnel DK221+203 3199 268 0 04 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. DK233+7 Vegetations are growing in the 9 Wufengshan Tunnel DK237+451 3676 291 1 location of the tunnel, and no 75 settlements are found at entrance, Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Maxim Number Mileage um Mileage at Length of No. Tunnel name at buried Descriptions exit (m) inclined entrance depth shafts (m) exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the location of the tunnel, sensitive DK239+9 10 Jiguanshan Tunnel DK244+646 4670 217 1 points are found at 220m from 76 the entrance, and no settlements at exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the DK284+6 location of the tunnel, and no 11 Shuinan Tunnel DK290+869 6243 354 1 26 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the Shangdongjing DK291+0 location of the tunnel, and no 12 DK297+405 6343 197 1 Tunnel 62 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the location of the tunnel, no settlements are found at entrance, DK299+2 13 Riguangshan Tunnel DK305+369 6122 248 1 residents’ houses at 180 to the 47 left of roof DK303+280, and sensitive points within 70m on both sides of the exit. Vegetations are growing in the DK308+5 location of the tunnel, and no 14 Hou’anshan Tunnel DK316+471 7929 392 3 42 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the DK326+0 location of the tunnel, and no 15 Xixiakan Tunnel DK332+969 6940 233 2 29 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the Tunnel No. 1 of DK340+2 location of the tunnel, and no 16 DK345+955 5755 244 1 Xiaopan Mt. 00 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. Vegetations are growing in the Tunnel No. 3 of DK348+1 location of the tunnel, and no 17 DK352+412 4254 190 1 Xiaopan Mt. 58 settlements are found at entrance, exist and roof. 2.1.6 Water supply and drainage There are 9 stations for the purpose of the railway line, including the existing Tumen Railway Station, and new stations (for Dunhua station, a new one is built in the northeast of the existing Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project station, while the old one removed). 180m3/d wastewater is newly increased by each of these stations, and for the concrete wastewater and discharge directions, see the table 2-1-10. Table 2-1-10 Discharge of newly-increased wastewater from stations along the railway line Water consumption Domestic Function s for Water Personne water Discharge s of Handling Station greening and discharg l quota consumptio 3 direction receiving actions other e m /d n m3/d water purposes 3 m /d Discharged into Jiaohe Septic-tank West River and oil Jiaohe 202 20.2 29.5 10.05 Class III through separation Station municipal tank pipes Septic-tank , oil North separation Weihulin 23 2.3 7.0 1.7 Recycled / tank, and g Sattion anaerobic filtration container Discharge into Septic-tank Mudanjiang Dunhua and oil 289 28.9 135.2 16 River Class V Station separation through tank municipal pipes Septic-tank , oil South separation Dashitou 22 2.2 5.5 1.9 Recycled / tank, and Station anaerobic filtration container Discharge into Septic-tank West Buerhatong and oil Antu 77 7.7 20.6 4.7 River Class III separation Station through tank municipal pipes Discharge Septic-tank West into and oil Yanji 148 14.8 526.4 124.6 Class III Buerhatong separation Station River tank Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Water consumption Domestic Function s for Water Personne water Discharge s of Handling Station greening and discharg l quota consumptio direction receiving actions other e m3/d n m3/d water purposes 3 m /d through municipal pipes Discharge into Tumen Septic-tank Tumen River Boundary and oil 219 21.9 39.7 10.85 station through river separation municipal tank pipes Septic-tank , oil North separation Liangshu 13 1.3 4.5 1.05 Recycled / tank, and i station anaerobic filtration container Discharge into Chedarengo Septic-tank North u River, and , oil Hunchun 154 15.4 34.4 9.2 finally into Class IV separation station Hunchun tank, and River SBR (Salmon Reserve) Total 180.05 Remarks: Capacity of daily discharge is 60 m3/d in the existing Dunhua Railway Station, and 80 m3/d in the existing Tumen Railway Station. (1) Principe of wastewater treatment design The railway line results in additional wastewater of 180 m3/d. In principle, for the existing water supply point, the existing wastewater discharge method remains unchanged, and for the additional wastewater, discharge into the discharge pipe network after pre-treatment. As for installation of new treatment facilities or not, determine according to the wastewater discharge quantity and the corresponding discharge requirements. For domestic wastewater and operation wastewater in each of new stations, treat them according to the discharge capacity and functions of receiving water near the station. In the West Jiaohe Station in the far lake area of Songhuajiang Three Lake Reserve, the domestic wastewater is discharged into the municipal wastewater pipe network after being treated centrally and flowing out of the reserve through the pipe (about 2km-long). Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project (2) Wastewater discharge plan After being pre-treated in septic-tank, septic wastewater from stations of West Jioahe, Dunhua, West Antu, West Anji, and Tumen is discharge into the local urban pipe network together with general domestic wastewater. After being collected in the pipe and treated in the anaerobic filtration container, domestic wastewater from stations of North Weihuling, South Dashitou and North Liangshui is recycled for the purpose of greening in these stations. In North Hunchun Station, after septic wastewater is pre-treated in septic-tank and oil-contained wastewater in oil separation tank, discharge them into the wastewater pipe network of the station. 2.1.7 Buildings, quota and electrification 1. Buildings and quota For the purpose of the railway line, buildings cover a total area of 65,230m2, among which 61230m2 of operation and operation-related buildings, and 4000m2 of living buildings. For the purpose of the railway, additional 1,147 staff are required, i.e. 3.2 persons/km per main line. 2. Electrification (1) Supply schemes of traction network, and voltage class Adopt AT supply mode. The traction supply system with single-phase power frequency (50Hz) and contact network of 25kV rated voltage is used. The maximum long-term operating voltage of the contact network is 27.5kV, and the minimum design operating voltage of the contact network is 20kV. (2) Plan for distributing traction substations For the purpose of the railway line, 6 new 220kV traction substations are built at Jilin+30, North Weihuling -18, North Dunhua, West Antu, North Yanji and Tumen +29, and one substation for Changchun-Jilin Railway is used. Capacity of all new traction substations are 2×40 MVA except for the substation at Jilin +36, which has a transformer capacity of 2×50 MVA. (3) Contact network conductors and catenary type of contact network 1) All carrier cables and contact lines are tension-resistant, high-strength, corrosion-resistant, high-temperature-resistant copper alloy wires with good performance. 2) Contact networks for main lines are auto-tensioned catenary equipment. 2.1.8 Temporary works For large temporary works and their quantities for the project, see the table 2-1-11. Up to date, exact locations and scale of large temporary works are yet determined during the feasibility stage. Next, to select the locations of temporary works, such locations and scales must be determined in the principle of making use of existing installations along the railway line as many as possible, occupying lands as few as possible and even occupying no lands. Table 2-1-11 Quantities bill for major large temporary works Floor Item Unit Quantity Location area Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Construction access (new) 82.68 km 202.1 Along the railway line (altered) hm2 34.70 Construction access (altered) km 212.1 Along the railway line hm2 Maxiangtun Railway Station, and Rail-laying base PCS 2 16 hm2 Qushui Railway Station Stations of Jilin, Jiaohe, Dunhua, Material warehouse PCS 7 7 hm2 Dashitou, Antu, Yanji and Tumen Jiaohe city, Dashitou town, Yanji city Rail plate prefabrication yard PCS 4 40 hm2 and Liangshui town Girder fabrication and storage Xiaochuan, Jiaohe, Liushugou, PCS 6 56 hm2 yard Weihuling, Antu and West Yanji Centralized concrete mixing PCS 58 Along the railway line 58 hm2 station Modified soils and graded PCS 18 Along the railway line 18 hm2 broken stone mixing station Remarks: 6.5m width for double-tracked access, 3.5m width for single-tracked access, and sand-stone roads. (1) Material warehouse 7 materials warehouse, respectively located in Jilin station of Changchun-Tumen Railway, stations of Jiaohe, Dunhua, Dashitou, Antu, and Yanji, as well as in freight yard of Tumen station, in which steels, cement, woods and poles are stored. (2) Rail-laying base Rail-laying base: Maxiangtun Railway Station of the existing Shenyang-Jilin Railway line and Qushui Railway Station of Changchun-Tumen Railway Station. (3) Girder fabrication and storage yard 6 girder fabrication and storage yards along the railway line (respective being yards Xiaochuan, Jiaohe, Liushugou, Weihuling, Antu and West Yanji). (4) Concrete mixing station 58 centralized concrete mixing stations and 18 modified soils and graded broken stone mixing stations according to planning. 2.1.9 Earth-stone quantity balance Total quantity of earth and stone work for subgrade, station, tunnel and bridge works are 6,990.29×104m3, among which 2384.50×104m3 for filling earth and 4605.79×104m3 for excavation. 1406.66×104m3 excavated earth are used for backfilling, 208.98×104m3 soils from tunnel excavation will be used for subgrade and station. 768.86×104m3 soils are borrowed, and 2990.15×104m3 soils deposited. Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project For sectional earth and stone works along the railway line, see tables 2-1-12 ~2-1-16 and Fig. 2-6. Table 2-1-12 Summary for allocation of earth and stone works for CK0~CK24+460 (urban district of Jilin) Unit: ×104m3 Item Subgrade work Station work Tunnel work Bridge work Subtotal Earth excavation 211.29 0 42.62 38.85 292.76 Fill earth 167.46 0 0 27.75 195.21 Excavated soils 156.8 0 0 27.75 184.55 for backfilling Soils from tunnel 10.66 0 0 0 10.66 excavation Borrowed soils 0 0 0 0 0 Waste earth 54.49 0 31.96 11.1 97.55 Total quantity of 378.75 0 42.62 66.6 487.97 earth and stone Table 2-1-13 Summary for allocation of earth and stone works for CK24+460~CK112+535 (urban district of Jiaohe) Unit:×104m3 Item Subgrade work Station work Tunnel work Bridge work Subtotal Earth excavation 463.35 25.1 660.52 63.35 1212.32 Fill earth 389.32 88.8 0 45.25 523.37 Excavated soils 320.64 0 0 45.25 365.89 for backfilling Soils from tunnel 21.32 85.42 0 0 106.74 excavation Borrowed soils 47.36 3.38 0 0 50.74 Waste earth 142.71 25.1 553.78 18.1 739.69 Total quantity of 852.67 113.9 660.52 108.6 1735.69 earth and stone Table 2-1-14 Summary for allocation of earth and stone works for CK24+460~CK112+535 (urban district of Dunhua, Antu) Unit:×104m3 Item Subgrade work Station work Tunnel work Bridge work Subtotal Earth excavation 466.89 113.58 680.59 109.91 1370.97 Fill earth 543.74 284.35 0 78.51 906.60 Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Excavated soils 353.39 26.02 0 78.51 457.92 for backfilling Soils from tunnel 30 56.71 0 0.00 86.71 excavation Borrowed soils 160.35 201.62 0 0.00 361.97 Waste earth 113.5 87.56 593.88 31.40 826.34 Total quantity of 1010.63 397.93 680.59 188.42 2277.57 earth and stone Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project Table 2-1-15 Summary for allocation of earth and stone works for CK24+460~CK112+535 (urban district of Longjing-Hunchun) Unit: ×104m3 Item Subgrade work Station work Tunnel work Bridge work Subtotal Earth excavation 503.57 230.99 901.27 93.91 1729.74 Fill earth 406.27 285.97 0 67.08 759.32 Excavated soils 311.5 19.72 0 67.08 398.30 for backfilling Soils from tunnel 4.87 0 0 0.00 4.87 excavation Borrowed soils 89.9 266.25 0 0.00 356.15 Waste earth 192.07 211.27 896.4 26.83 1326.57 Total quantity of 909.84 516.96 901.27 160.99 2489.06 earth and stone Table 2-1-16 Summary for allocation of earth and stone works across the whole railway line Unit: ×104m3 Item Subgrade work Station work Tunnel work Bridge work Subtotal Earth excavation 1645.1 369.67 2285 306.02 4605.79 Fill earth 1506.79 659.12 0 218.59 2384.50 Excavated soils 1142.33 45.74 0 218.59 1406.66 for backfilling Soils from tunnel 66.85 142.13 0 0.00 208.98 excavation Borrowed soils 297.61 471.25 0 0.00 768.86 Waste earth 502.77 323.93 2076.02 87.43 2990.15 Total quantity of 3151.89 1028.79 2285 524.61 6990.29 earth and stone Remarks: 1. The railway is a passenger dedicated line. The fill earths are virtually classes-A and class-B backfilling materials, but not class-C, i.e. modified backfilling materials. Some tunnels offers good conditions for mucking, but they are far from the station, and the tunnel undergoes a long construction period, failing to meet requirements on progress of subgrade filling, therefore, in the construction of the railway, earth and stone works mustn’t be excavated in the tunnel. 2. Subgrade: there are large amounts of ballasts being discard in the tunnel, and so are the subgrade earth excavations, therefore, in order to make use of subgrade earth excavation, ratio of Environment Impact Assessment for Jilin-Tumen-Hunchun Railway Project utilization of ballasts being discard in the tunnel becomes low. Considering a 35km-long continuous filling earth near Dunhua Station, focus on borrowed earths, and a few earth excavations are used, thus resulting in large amount of waste earths in earth excavation. Environment Impact Report for New Jilin—Hunchun Railway Waste Total earth Excavated Total fill 总填方 å?–土é‡? surface excavations soils for earth earth backfilling 768.86 2384 50 1615.64 Subgrade 1645.1 1142 33 502.77 Subgrade 66 85 1506.79 297.61 2076.02 Tunnel Clean 2285 surface soil 87.43 Borrow 142.13 area Bridge 218.59 Bridge 306.02 218.59 323.93 471 25 Station 45.74 Station 369.67 659.12 Total earth Unit：×104m3 works Fig. 2-6 Balance figure for earth and stone work across the railway line 47 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 2.1.10 Type and quantity of lands occupied for the project Permanently-occupied lands will be 1,173.78hm2 and temporarily-occupied lands 1,043.1hm2. For details, see tables 2-17～2-20. Table 2-17 Statistic table for areas of lands occupied for the project (by districts and counties) Unit: hm2 Quantity of lands for railway (hm2) Lands for Occupied by water areas Total Arable Forest Residenti Commerc Other and water land land al lands ial lands lands conservanc y projects Changyi 0.6 0.4 0 16.88 0.13 0 18.01 District Fenman Jilin city 0.67 1.33 0 8.33 0.33 0 10.66 District of Jilin province Longtan 29.16 45.3 0.36 2.47 11.93 0.39 89.61 District Jiaohe city 100.13 144.07 0.94 0 3.22 0.13 248.49 Dunhua 166.41 104.73 0 0.93 62.72 8.29 343.08 city Antu 49.39 65.35 1.11 1.0 12.87 15.20 144.92 county Yanbian Longjing 13.27 16.82 0.31 0 0.75 4.30 35.45 Prefectur city e of Jilin province Yanji city 66.51 16.46 2.35 1.60 36.08 1.63 124.63 Tumen 43.12 39.93 0.67 0 25.69 1.13 110.54 city Hunchun 16.27 23.71 1.81 0 5.19 1.39 48.37 city Total 485.53 458.1 7.55 31.21 158.91 32.46 1173.76 48 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 2-18 Summary for areas of lands occupied for the project (by type of works) Unit: hm2 Quantity of lands for railway (hm2) Land type Lands for water areas Total Arable Forest Residenti Commerc Other and water land land al lands ial lands lands Type of work conservancy projects Subgrade 336.58 282.24 5.49 19.87 45.95 27.53 717.66 Station 49.41 58.23 0.00 0.00 99.20 0.00 206.84 Tunnel 3.95 39.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43 Bridge and culvert 76.06 53.31 2.07 4.01 11.83 4.93 152.21 Relocation of road 19.54 25.27 0.00 7.33 1.93 0.00 54.07 Total 485.54 458.1 7.56 31.21 158.91 32.46 1173.78 Table 2-19 General summary for areas of lands occupied for the project Mileage Quantity of lands for railway (hm2) from conservancy Commercial Arable land Other lands water areas Forest land Residential and water starting Regions Total lands lands point to terminal Changyi District of Jilin city Subgrade 14.4 14.4 Station 0 CK0+000～ Tunnel 0 CK2+500 Bridge 2.15 2.15 Relocatio 0.6 0.4 0.33 0.13 1.47 n of road Jilin city Subgrade 5.47 5.47 Fenman District of Jilin city Station 0 CK2+500～ Tunnel 0 CK3+560 Bridge 1.87 1.87 Relocatio 0.67 1.33 1 0.33 3.33 n of road Distri ct of CK3+560～ Subgrade 18.89 30.7 0.29 8.85 0.31 59.04 49 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Mileage Quantity of lands for railway (hm2) from conservancy Commercial Arable land Other lands water areas Forest land Residential and water starting Regions Total lands lands point to terminal CK24+460 Station 0 Tunnel 0.75 0.75 Bridge 5 8.12 0.07 2.34 0.08 15.61 Relocatio 5.27 5.73 2.47 0.73 14.2 n of road 106.6 183.8 Subgrade 73.54 0.81 0 2.76 0.11 3 5 Station 12.6 3.33 0 0 0 0 15.93 Jiaohe city CK24+460 ～ Tunnel 0.15 11.85 0 0 0 0 12 CK112+535 Bridge 12.31 17.85 0.13 0 0.46 0.02 30.77 Relocatio 1.54 4.4 0 0 0 0 5.94 n of road 128.3 227.1 Subgrade 73.59 18.17 7.04 3 4 Station 12.07 9 41.33 62.4 Dunhua city CK112+535 ～ Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Tunnel 0.8 5.2 6 CK191+420 Bridge 22.68 13.01 3.21 1.25 40.15 Relocatio 2.53 3.93 0.93 7.4 n of road Subgrade 37.66 44.07 0.99 2.37 13.51 98.59 Station 3.82 4.33 10.2 18.35 Antu city CK191+420 Tunnel 1.65 9.35 11.01 ～ CK241+340 Bridge 4.73 5.53 0.13 0.3 1.69 12.37 Relocatio 1.53 2.07 1 4.6 n of road jin Subgrade 10.68 12.5 0.28 0.67 3.83 27.97 g CK241+340 50 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Mileage Quantity of lands for railway (hm2) from conservancy Commercial Arable land Other lands water areas Forest land Residential and water starting Regions Total lands lands point to terminal ～ Station 0 CK253+440 Tunnel 0.23 1.27 1.5 Bridge 1.29 1.51 0.03 0.08 0.47 3.39 Relocatio 1.07 1.53 2.6 n of road Subgrade 35.8 0.14 1.66 7.33 1.15 46.08 Station 12.5 12 25 49.5 Yanji city CK253+440 Tunnel 0.37 2.13 2.5 ～ CK278+120 Bridge 14.77 0.06 0.69 3.02 0.47 19.01 Relocatio 3.07 2.13 1.6 0.73 7.53 n of road Subgrade 24.05 10.73 0.49 5.15 0.83 41.25 Station 8.42 19.53 18.67 46.62 Tumen city CK278+120 Tunnel 0.75 4.25 5.01 ～ CK330+320 Bridge 8.7 3.88 0.18 1.87 0.3 14.93 Relocatio 1.2 1.53 2.73 n of road Subgrade 7.63 3.88 0.97 0 0.64 0.75 13.87 Station 0 10.03 0 0 4 0 14.03 Hunchun city CK330+320 Tunnel 0 4.25 0 0 0 0 4.25 ～ CK362+200 Bridge 6.58 3.35 0.84 0 0.55 0.65 11.97 Relocatio 2.07 2.2 0 0 0 0 4.27 n of road 485.5 158.9 1173. Total 458.1 7.56 31.21 32.46 4 1 78 Table 2-20 Table for classification of temporarily-occupied lands 51 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Unit: hm2 Arable Forest Other Geographical position Subtotal land land lands Borrow area 0 Soil (ballast) Changyi excavating and 0 District depositing site of Jilin city Construction access 0.21 0.09 0.3 Construction site and 6.3 2.7 9 camp Borrow area 0 Soil (ballast) Fenman excavating and 0 District depositing site of Jilin city Construction access 1.23 0.53 1.76 Construction site and 0.7 0.3 1 camp Jilin city Borrow area 0 Soil (ballast) Longtan excavating and 13.15 1.48 14.63 District depositing site of Jilin city Construction access 4.53 1.94 6.47 Construction site and 10.03 4.3 14.33 camp Borrow area 4.57 18.27 0 22.84 Soil (ballast) excavating and 76.19 49.32 0 125.51 Jiaohe depositing site city Construction access 20.63 0 8.84 29.47 Construction site and 33.71 0 14.45 48.16 camp Borrow area 1.51 6.04 7.55 Yanbian Dunhua Korean city Soil (ballast) 13.55 38.22 51.77 Autonomous excavating and 52 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable Forest Other Geographical position Subtotal land land lands Prefecture depositing site Construction access 9.21 3.95 13.16 Construction site and 23.73 10.17 33.9 camp Borrow area 6.8 27.2 34 Soil (ballast) excavating and 18.28 69.19 87.47 depositing site Antu city Construction access 14.17 6.07 20.24 Construction site and 13.77 5.9 19.67 camp Borrow area 0.97 3.86 4.83 Soil (ballast) excavating and 2.85 13.21 16.06 Longjing depositing site city Construction access 0 0 0 Construction site and 2.1 0.9 3 camp Borrow area 6.89 27.54 34.43 Soil (ballast) excavating and 5.55 14.65 20.2 depositing site Yanji city Construction access 5.24 2.24 7.48 Construction site and 16.89 7.24 24.13 camp Borrow area 7.88 31.5 39.38 Soil (ballast) excavating and 53.2 45.61 98.81 Tumen depositing site city Construction access 1.82 0.78 2.6 Construction site and 19.74 8.46 28.2 camp 53 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable Forest Other Geographical position Subtotal land land lands Borrow area 23.583 94.33 0 117.913 Soil (ballast) excavating and 27.767 32.124 0 59.891 Hunchun depositing site city Construction access 25.102 0 10.758 35.86 Construction site and 6.347 0 2.72 9.067 camp Total 478.2 472.54 92.338 1043.1 2.1.11 Operation Plan (1) Train formation All passenger cars running on this main line are EMUs with train formation of 8 cars and 16 cars and carrying capacity of 600 passengers and 1200 passengers. The trains running on the Changchun-Tumen Line are normal speed passenger cars. (2) Train number plan Table 2-21 gives the planned train number and formation on the main line and the existing Changchun-Tumen Line. 54 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 2-21 (1) Train number plan Train number for Changchun-Tumen Longtanshan-Shulan Line (Passenger car) main Name of section line Year Year Year 2020 Year 2030 2020 2030 Jilin-Yanji 70 95 ï¼? ï¼? Yanji-Hunchun 23 34 ï¼? ï¼? Jilin-Longtanshan ï¼? ï¼? 11 17 Notes: EMUs only run on the Jinlin-Hunchun Line. Table 2-21 (2) Main line train formation Train Train number (Number/Date) Origin and destination Type Year 2020 Year 2030 Formation 1 Main line 70 95 Beijing-Hunchun EMU 1 2 16 Tianjin-Hunchun EMU 1 1 16 Qingdao-Hunchun EMU 1 1 16 Dalian-Hunchun EMU 1 2 16 Qiqihar-Hunchun EMU 1 1 16 Harbin-Hunchun EMU 1 1 16 Shenyang-Hunchun EMU 1 2 16 Yanji-Beijing EMU 2 3 16 Yanji-Shenyang EMU 3 3 16 Yanji-Harbin EMU 1 2 16 Yanji-Dalian EMU 2 3 16 Yanji-Tianjin EMU 1 1 16 55 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Train Train number (Number/Date) Origin and destination Type Year 2020 Year 2030 Formation Yanji-Jinan EMU 1 2 16 Total 17 24 Changchun-Yanji EMU 25 32 8 Changchun-Hunchun EMU 10 14 8 Jilin-Hunchun EMU 6 10 8 Jilin-Yanji EMU 12 15 8 Total 53 71 2.1.12 Project Investment and Construction Stage (1) Total project investment The total investment of this project is 40,416,923,700 Yuan-110,624,600 Yuan/kilometer, of which the static investment takes up 36,901,795,000 Yuan-101,003,400 Yuan/kilometer. The loan interest of construction is 2,191,966,600 Yuan. The purchase cost of EMUs is 1,280,000,000 Yuan; And the initial working capital is 43,162,100 Yuan. This project shall be jointly funded by Ministry of Railway and province, of which the project fund constitutes 50% of total investment. Jilin Province shall contribute 10% of project fund and take responsibility for land acquisition work and cost. The land acquisition cost should be agreed by both parties and separately credited to local stock. The rest capital fund is financed by Ministry of Railway. The fund over the capital funds should be financed from loans of joint ventures. (2)Total construction time The total construction time of entire line is 4 years-48 months, of which the construction time of both Lafashan Tunnel and Hou’anshan Tunnel Projects shall be controlled to be 32 months, and their station auxiliary projects and commissioning & operation shall last 3 months and 6 months separately. (3) Main project construction method, project progress, construction time and measures adopted a. Subgrade construction The subgrade construction of entire line can be started after completion of construction preparation and should be completed half month before laying railway tracks. The earthwork & stonework construction shall take the mechanized construction as a major, which shall use bulldozers, scrapers and excavators to work in with dumping trucks and heavy-haul road rollers to roll the subgrade. The subgrade should be filled and rolled by layers strictly in accordance with the specifications 56 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project and design requirements. The optimum paving thickness and rolling times should be determined according to the construction machinery at site. The filling speed should be strictly controlled and the construction should be organized reasonably to ensure the quality of subgrade. The subgrade project should be carried out by sections and flow processes, of which each construction section takes up about 8 months. b. Bridge engineering The bridge foundation of this line is bored piles based. In order not to influence the construction time, the appropriate construction machinery should be selected and well organized according to geological conditions and design requirements. The bridge substructure engineering will be completed in 8 months. The bridge superstructure continuous girder engineering will be completed in 8 months. The total construction time of bridge engineering is 24 months. The construction time arranged for cofferdams and bored pile foundation is 4 months, and the construction time arranged for bridge pier and abutment is 4 months, and the construction period limit arranged is 10~24 months. The number of bridges with in-water piers for the entire line is 11 as shown in Table 2-6 Main river-crossing bridges and expressway-crossing bridges. The construction progress of Songhua River Bridge is as follows: (1) The construction time for double wall steel cofferdam and bored pile foundation is 4 months, and the construction time for bridge pier is 4 months; (2) The main span of continuous girder is 56+96+96+56, and the hanging basket cantilever concrete casting takes 2~3 meters as one block, the construction progress of which is 7 days/block. The construction technology for water-crossing large-scale bridge along the line is as follows: The bridge pile foundation of this line uses bored piles with reasonable span arrangement. The construction of bridge piers in the water should be minimized as much as possible, and the concrete should be poured into the cushion cap and the open-cut foundations on site. The construction of in-water pier foundation should use steel sheet pile cofferdam. The concrete abutment should be constructed by using cast-in-situ concrete pile. The execution of works should be in accordance with the water level and surface width. The water surface width should be about 50~200m, and the water depth should be more than 1m. The simple landing stage should be set up to use as in-water operation platform and passage for material and personnel. If the water depth is more than 2m or it is ice period, the landing stage might be removed for safety. The bridge girder shall be 32m normal box girders with simple support structure, which shall be erected by bridge girder erection machine. The brick dust, mud and discarded earth should be transported out and processed intensively. c. Tunnel engineering The construction of tunnel shall have total construction time of 33 months. The longest tunnel of this project is Lafashan Tunnel with length of 9909m. There shall be many big and long tunnels on this line, with a total number of 17 tunnels/88987m, of which the tunnels to be designed with incline shaft takes up 13 with a total number of 19 incline shafts. Please see Table 2-8 for details. The construction of tunnel shall be carried out according to the surrounding-rock type and New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). The single-track tunnels surrounded by IV-class and V-class 57 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project rock shall be constructed with bench method. The single-track tunnels surrounded by II-class and III-class rock shall be constructed with full section method. The crushed zone surrounded by V-class rock should be consolidated first and then constructed with short bench cut method. The shallow and unsymmetrical section of double-track tunnel surrounded by V-class rock shall be constructed with CRD Method, and the double-track tunnel section surround by V-class and IV-class rock shall be constructed with bench method or ring cut method, and the double-track tunnel section surrounded by II-class and III-class rock shall be constructed with full section method. The tunnel with length less than 500m shall be constructed from one single entrance and single direction. The tunnel with length more than 500m can be constructed from two tunnel working faces, entrance and exit. The tunnel entrance slope and the earthwork & stonework construction should be completed before entering. The collapse rock on the mountain slope should be disposed in time, and the drainage works shall be completed at the same time. The gutter should be excavated and constructed at any time. The tunnel entrance should be constructed early, especially for the one with poor geological condition, which should be completed as early as possible, to increase the stability of tunnel entrance and to avoid the mutual interference between tunnel entrance construction and in-tunnel construction. The short tunnel used for matching up with the long tunnel exit or dealing with the problem of subgrade filling can be drilled in advance to use as transport passage and to solve the construction difficulty. d. Railway track engineering This project plans to lay railway tracks separately nearby Dashitou South Station to ensure the continuity of laying tracks. The construction units should plan for the storage of steel rail and sleeper as early as possible. The railway tracks shall be laid at two track-laying basements at the same time by double machine. The project will have the construction time of 3 months. e. Station auxiliary project The station auxiliary project will have the construction time of 3 months. 2.2 Engineering analysis 2.2.1 Overview of environmental impact The main environmental impacts of this project can be classified into two stages, construction stage and operation stage. The environmental impacts during the construction stage mainly includes interference to ecological environment along the line and local pollution caused by construction noise, vibration, sewage, dust, building waste (waste residue), etc. The negative impacts on the environment during the operation stage mainly reflect in term of noise, vibration, sewage, electromagnetic interference, waste, etc. The pollutants are mainly produced by energy loss, including noise, vibration and electromagnetic interference, and secondarily by material loss, including sewage, waste gas and waste material. Please see Fig. 2-7 and Fig. 2-8 for details. 58 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Station decoration Section, station and bridge Land acquisition, demolition and and equipment & tunnel construction construction preparation commissioning Impact on residents’ life Dust, noise and waste Traffic interference Agriculture, forestry and aquaculture T ffi i t f D t P j t di S Dust and noise Building waste Sewage d i Fig. 2-7 Schematic diagram of environmental impact during the construction stage d d th Noise Electromagn Vibration etic interference Train running Station operation Train inspection, repair and maintenance Traffic evacuation Urban landscape Sewage and solid waste Noise and vibration Noise Vibration Sewage Electromagnetic Waste gas Solid waste 59 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 2-8 Schematic diagram of environmental impact during the operation stage 2.2.2 Characteristic analysis on environmental impact during the construction stage (1) During the construction stage, the engineering activities such as embankment filling, cutting excavation and station construction shall lead to vegetation deterioration, earth disturbance and easy-induced water loss and earth erosion, which are relatively significant for deep cutting, soft earth subgrade, immerseable embankment and other special subgrade section. The earth excavation and disposal activities shall change the landform of surface of earth excavating and disposing sites, causing the unbalance of permansive aspect and the water erosion. (2) The land occupation of project shall change the service function of land, which shall have certain impact on agriculture, forestry, aquaculture industries. (3) The project construction shall bring negative impacts on urban road traffic on the two sides and water transport. The noise and vibration caused by material transport and equipment field operation shall bring negative impacts on the normal life and work of residents living in the range of 200m on the two sides of road. (4) The bridge and tunnel construction shall account for a large share of this project. The mud and sewage from bridge foundation bored pile construction, the sewage from tunnel entrance and incline shaft construction, and the domestic sewage discharged by constructors shall cause pollutions to water environment around. (5) The dust from the processes of field construction and material transport and the waste gas discharged by fuel construction machinery shall influence the air environment in the range of 200m, and the dust pollution is especially significant. (6) The project construction shall demolish a part of housing and bring negative impacts on the life quality of residents in a short term. 2.2.3 Analysis on environmental impact during the operation stage (1) The noises, vibrations, electromagnetic interferences caused by trains running on the line have negative impacts on the living environment and the wireless television of residents along the line. (2) The discharges of noise, sewage, solid waste have certain impacts on the environment. 2.2.4 Identification and screening of environmental impact According to the characteristics of environmental impact from construction stage and operation stage and the specificity and sensitivity of environment along the line, the impacts on various environment elements by engineering activities should be made into “Environmental impact 60 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project identification and screening matrix chartâ€?, see Fig. 2-9. 61 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Natural ecological environment Physics-chemical environment Social economic environment Impact Engineering Agriculture Engineering degree Water and stages Agricultural Surface Acoustic Ambient Life of and Local Land Maritime Tourism activity identification Landform Vegetation earth irrigation Drainage water environment VibrationElectromagnetic air residents forestry economy transport transport landscape conservation industry Impact degree â…  â…  â…  â…¡ â…¡ â…¡ â…  â…  â…  â…¢ â…  â…  â…  â…¡ â…¡ â…¡ identification Land acquisition â…¡ -S -S -S -M -M -M and demolition Open construction road and â…¡ -L -L -L -M -M -M -M -S -M -M -M -S develop temporary project Construction Construction material stage â…¡ -M -S -M -M +M -S -M storage and transport Subgrade and earthwork & â…  -L -L -L -M -M -M -M -M -M -M -M -S stonework construction Bridge â…¡ -M -M -M -M -M -M construction Subgrade â…  +M +L +S +S +M +M +M protection China Academy of Railway Science 62 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project construction Housing â…¢ +S -S -S construction Greening and recovery â…  +L +L +L +S +S +S +M +M construction Construction â…¡ -M -M -M -S -S -S -S -S waste slag Life of â…¢ -S -S -S +S constructor Train service â…  -L -L -L -S +M Station â…  -M -M -M +L +L +L Operation Locomotive stage â…¢ -S -S -S -S maintenance Domestic waste of â…¢ -S -S -S -S -S staff Fig. 2-9 Construction environmental impact identification and screening matrix chart (1) Single impact degree identification: It reflects the impact of a certain type of construction project on certain environment element, the degree of which are identified in accordance with following symbols.+: Positive impact; -: Negative impact; L: Appreciable impact. (2) Combined impact degree identification: It reflects the combined impact of a certain type of construction project on environment elements, or the degree of combined impact of engineering behavior on a certain influenced element. China Academy of Railway Science 63 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 2.2.5 Ecological environment impact analysis The impacts of railway engineering construction of ecological environment mainly exist in the stage of engineering construction, which mainly include land acquisition, construction excavation and filling, waste earth and slag, construction demolition, etc. In addition, the engineering construction also have impacts on the rivers, channels, natural reserve, forest part, cultural relics and historic sites distributed along the line. Both the construction stage and the operation stage of this project have different degrees of impact on the ecological environment. The impacts of construction stage on the ecological environment mainly include land use pattern changes, ground surface disturbances and water loss and soil erosion long the line, which are separately caused by the land use and waste slag of engineering construction. If the bridge foundation construction adopts improper protection, it is possible to increase the suspended matters in the water. The impacts of operation stage on the ecological environment mainly include the block of ecological corridors, the cut-off of ground surface water regime in the partial section, changes of landscape type, the induced environmental pollution, the aggravated environmental load, etc., which are possible caused by subgrade construction. (1)The permanent and temporary works of this project cover 2216.88hm2, which shall change the original land function and reduce the vegetation and cultivated land resources. It shall also impact the output of agricultural and sideline production along the line. The change from original natural environment or agricultural environment to artificial environment mainly characterized by railway linear corridor shall have direct impacts on the agricultural population living on farming income. (2) The earth-rock work volume of this project is 6990.29×104m3, which is mainly composed of filling, cutting, borrowing and wasting, of which the earth excavated for filling is 1406.66×104m3, the earth borrowed is 768.86×104m3, and the earth wasted is 2990.15×104m3. The earth excavating and depositing sites mainly occupy the cultivated land and forest land. The main impacts of earth excavating and depositing sites on ecological environment include the increase of temporary land occupation and the causing of water loss and soil erosion. In the process of placing waste soil, the water loss and soil erosion shall be triggered by improper stacking after rain wash. When borrowing soil from the excavation site, the surface soil should be removed, which shall destroy the surface material adhere to the soil. Due to the decisive effects of erosion protection works of vegetation, the damage to vegetation can lead to the increase of water loss and soil erosion in the same condition and the pollution of ambient environment. (3) The permanent land occupations of this project mainly include subgrade and station construction. The excavation of subgrade bed shall change, crush, bury or damage the original vegetation and landform, and also change the service function of land. It can also make the surface soil in the range of railway land acquisition to be bare and loose deposits without original anti-erosion and soil fixation capacity of vegetation. The flattening of station site can also destroy the vegetation and landform and damage the original anti-erosion capacity of ground surface. In the process of excavation of subgrade and side slope of station, the high-cliffed and unstable artificial excavation may be produced, especially when cutting into a mountain, drilling rock walls, reducing peak or filling valley in a mountainous area. These can China Academy of Railway Science 64 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project change the original slope structure and reduce the stability of side slope. If no protection measures are taken, it is easy to cause scouring and increase water loose and soil erosion, and even make the side slope unstable to cause collapse, landslide, etc. (4) The environmental impacts caused by the construction of bridge engineering may be extensive. As a navigable river, the Songhua River in this project has certain requirements on the height and width of bridge clearance. The design and construction of river-crossing bridge need to meet the navigable requirement. The aperture diameter of river-crossing bridge for animal migration, pedestrian and farming vehicle is required to meet relevant requirements so that the impacts of bridge construction on the ecology and living environment can be reduced. The urban area, natural preservation zone and other such areas that have special requirements on bridge construction should take landscape into consideration when building bridges. If the bridge location, structure type, construction from, material, color, etc. are not properly selection and disharmonious with the surrounding landscape, the visual disturbance and depression can be brought to the pedestrians, causing the landscape impact. The total number of super-large-scale, large-scale and medium-scale bridges to be built for the main line of this project is 103 with total length of 88595.11m, of which the total length of culvert is 7649 linear meters. The bridges take up 24.25% of full length of line. One super-large-scale bridge with a total length of 1714m shall be built for the connecting line between Changchun-Tumen Line and Longtanshan-Shulan Line. The main river-crossing bridges include Songhuajiang River super-large-scale bridge (Class II Water column), Xiaojiao River super-large-scale bridge (Class III Water column), Mudanjiang River super-large-scale bridge (Class V Water column), Bu’erhatong River super-large-scale bridge (Class II~III Water column), Changyang River super-large-scale bridge (Class III Water column), Gaya River super-large-scale bridge (Class IV Water colunm), Mijiang River super-large-scale (Salmon protection area), etc. The construction of bridge foundation (in-water cofferdam, bored pile, foundation excavation, etc.) will produce mud and waste soil. If they cannot be processed properly, the decrease o water quality of downstream section shall be caused. The construction of bridges of this line will also have certain impacts on the flood discharge and field irrigation along the line. (5) Along the line, the main bad geological conditions are bedding, dangerous rock, and rockslide. The details are as follow: Along the line, the steep gullies are widely developed in the middle and low hills and hilly area which is deep from a few meters to tens of meters, with many landslide and collapse. The bedding exists in the Jurassic gray sandy stone, Cretaceous powder sandy stone and shale on right bank of Buerhatong River which is located in west of Mingyue Town, Antu County, right bank of Buerhatong River in its downstream from Laotougou to Tofo Temple, as well as right bank from Chayangchuan to Yanji. In the section from Dongmopan Mountain in Yanji to Tumen and to Huichun, there are deep valleys, steep terrain, developed geological structure and joint fracture, broken rocks, and dangerous rock and falling rocks are distributed in part of steep slope. (6) The station is constructed in every county and city along the line in this project which will make a much more convenient traffic for the area along the line, accelerate the labor and information communication, and boost the economy. Meanwhile, new environmental effect will happen and increase the environmental burden of those areas. China Academy of Railway Science 65 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project (7) The greening will be carried out along this line to restore and improve the ecological environment along the railway line. (8) The removal and rebuilding area is 588893m2 for the project. The project will cause the migration and rehabitation of some residents along the railway line, and their living environment and quality will be changed accordingly. The influence mainly covers Jinlin City, Dunhua Station, Aantu West Station, Yanji West Station, Yanji City, Tumen Station and some village along the line. (9)This project is an important part of Chang-Tu Railway (railway line from Changchun City to Tumen City), and will be transportation passage for Tumen Port and Huihun Port. In order to carry out the strategy of revitalizing National Old Industrial Bases, the project is a very important part of traffic system for Chang-Ji-Tu Frontier Developing Zone, and will help to improve the investment atmosphere of those areas. The project will contribute to improve the transportation efficiency and service level, optimize the port function with Russia and North Korean, promote the urbanization of cities along the line, improve the economy and trade communicate and develop the exploration of natural resources. Meanwhile, with the development of economical development and exploration level, some bad environmental effect will be induced and increase the environmental burden of those area. 2.2.6 Acoustic Environment Impact Analysis The noise sources of the construction include construction equipment noise and vehicle noise. Construction machine will make loud noise. There are various types of machinery and equipment on the site, including loaders, excavators, bulldozers, concrete mixers, mud machine, heavy cranes, rotary drilling rig, roller, and etc., and those and the main noise source. Based on a large number of on-site monitoring data in the past, the construction machinery noise shall be 65 ~ 80dBA 30m away. The details are in Table 12-2. The noise from transportation vehicles is also loud. In the construction, the transportation of earth and stone, sand stone, equipment and materials may need a lot of transport vehicles, and those transport vehicles, especially for heavy vehicles, will produce a loud noise and will influence the surrounding environment along the access roads and existing highways by frequent transportation. The n noise strength of heavy vehicle is 62 ~ 72dBA 30m away. The details are in Table 12-2. After operation, the main noise source to the environment will be the train. The environmental impact assessment of train noise source strength uses the noise source strength in the Value and Governing of Vibration Resource Noise Strength during the Environmental Impact Assessment of Railway Construction, MOR[2010]No.44, revised version of 2010. The operation noise of Ji-Hui Railway is in Table 2-22. Table 2-22 (1) Noise source Strength of EMU Units: dBA Speed，km/h Embankment section Bridge section China Academy of Railway Science 66 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Ballast track Ballastless track 160 79.5 73.5 170 80.0 74.0 180 81.0 75.0 190 81.5 75.5 200 82.5 76.5 210 83.5 77.5 220 84.5 78.5 230 85.5 79.5 240 86.0 80.0 250 86.5 80.5 Line conditions: seamless high-speed railway, 60kg / m rail, rail surface in good condition, concrete sleepers, straight embankment; bridge section use box girder with the width of 13.4m with 1m high protection wall. Reference point: 25m away from the railway center line, and 3.5m above the rail top surface. Table 2-22 (2) Noise source strength of passenger trains of 160km / h and below Speed，km/h 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Source strength, 72.0 73.5 75.0 76.5 78.0 79.5 81.0 82.0 dBA Line conditions: classâ… railway or high-speed railway, seamless, 60kg/m rail, rail surface in good condition, concrete sleepers, ballast track, straight embankment line. As for normal-speed Railway Bridge, its noise source strength values shall be increased by 3dBA based on the a.m. table. Reference point: 25m away from the center line of railway, and 3.5m above the rail top surface. 2.2.7 Analysis of environmental vibration influence The vibration during construction mainly comes from a variety of construction machinery, heavy vehicles and piling vibration. According to the construction characteristics of this project, the machinery causing vibration are excavators, bulldozers, heavy trucks, road rollers, drilling - grouting machine, air compressor, hammer picks and so on. According to analogy investigation, the vibration source strength values of major construction machinery and equipment are listed in Table 2-20. The vibration level of pile driver is at the 83 ~ 88dB 30m away. Referring to the "Urban China Academy of Railway Science 67 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Environmental Vibration Standardâ€? in the "mixed zone ", the noise value is 75dB in daytime and 72dB at night time, whose influence could be 80～100m, which is far more than the allowed value. The other vibration construction equipment cause 72dB or more than that at the point of 30m away could basically meet the vibration standard of 72dB at night time specified in Urban Environmental Vibration Standard. China Academy of Railway Science 68 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 2-23 Reference vibration level of construction machinery vibration source vibration level (vertical to the Z vibration level, dB) SN Name of construction equipment 10m away from the 30m away from the vibration source vibration source 1 Excavator 80 71 2 Bulldozer 79 69 3 Heavy transporter 74 64 4 Roller 82 71 5 Drilling - grouting machine 63 / 6 Air Compressor 81 71 7 hammer picks 85 73 8 Diesel pile driver 98 83 9 Vibrating pile driver 93 83 During the operation, the vibration mainly comes from the collision of wheel and rail, and transferred to tunnel lining and bridge foundation via sleepers and track, and then to the ground, causing the vibration of building. The strength of vibration is mainly related to type of locomotive, load, speed, bridge structure, line conditions, geological conditions and other geological factors. The vibration strength in this environmental assessment is the determined value in Value and Governing of Vibration Resource Noise Strength during the Environmental Impact Assessment of Railway Construction, MOR[2010]No.44, revised version of 2010. The operation noise of Ji-Hui Railway is in Table 2-24. Table 2-24 (1) Vibration source strength of passenger EMU Units: dB Embankment railway Bridge railway Speed，km/h Ballast track Ballast track 160 76.0 67.5 170 76.5 68.0 180 77.0 69.0 190 77.5 69.5 China Academy of Railway Science 69 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 200 78.0 70.5 210 78.5 71.5 220 79.0 72.5 230 79.5 73.5 240 80.0 74.0 250 80.5 74.5 Line conditions: high-speed rail, seamless, 60kg / m rail, rail surface in good condition, concrete sleepers, straight embankment line; bridge section is box girder in width of 13.4m. Geological conditions: alluvium. Axle load: 16t. Reference point: on the ground and 30m away from the railway center line. Table 2-24 (2) vibration source strength of passenger train with the speed of 160km / h and below Speed，km/h 50～70 80～110 120 Source strength，dB 76.5 77.0 77.5 Line conditions: classâ… railway or high-speed railway, seamless, 60kg/m rail, rail surface in good condition, concrete sleepers, ballast track straight embankment line. As for normal-speed Railway Bridge, its noise source strength values shall be increased by 3dBA based on the a.m. table. Axle load: 21t. Geological conditions: alluvium. Reference point: on the ground and 30m away from the railway center line. 2.2.8 Analysis of influence to water environment (1) Analysis of influence to water environment during construction The wastewater during construction is mainly living wastewater from construction living area, oily water caused by vehicle maintenance, muddy water produced by piling. The waste water at each site is not so much, but the waste water will have bad impact on the surrounding area if no protection measure is taken in a long construction period. (2) Analysis of impact on water environment during operation The waste water during operation mainly comes from the living waste water in each station. The waste water is not so much, and mainly flows to the municipal sewage pipes. If the drainage is small, the waste water could be recycled. The waste water of Jiaohe West station, Dunhua station, Antu West Station, Hunchun North China Academy of Railway Science 70 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Station, Yanji West Stations and Tumen Station flows to municipal sewage pipe; Weihuling North station, Dashitou South Station, Liangshui North Station produce a small amount of waste water, so the waste water flows into the septic pool and grease traps and anaerobic filter tank, and then reused. 2.2.9 Electromagnetic Impact The sparking and discharging will happen when the pantograph departs from the OCS during the running of locomotive, which will produces high frequency electromagnetic radiation; when the locomotive is running through a viaduct, the shadowing effect will influence the TV signal nearby. Based on the analogy survey to the existing electrified railway, it is expected that the Electromagnetic interference strength at the point 10m away from the center line is 25～ 55dB(μV/m) in case of TV signal frequency more than 30MHz. The affected area is not farther than 50m away from the track center line or traction transformation facilities. The electromagnetism mainly influences the low frequency television, and has less influence to the high frequency. Electric field intensity under the OCS at the height of human being is around 1.3kV, which is lower than 4kV / m specified as recommended value in HJ/T24-1998. The frequency magnetic induction strength is less than 5mG (0.5μT) when it is 5m away from the main facility of traction transformation station, and the frequency magnetic induction strength the fencing is much lower. Therefore, the frequency electromagnetic field generated by traction transformation substation will not have harmful effects to the nearby residents. Many studies indicate that electrified railway electromagnetic radiation does not affect human health both on high-speed and low speed railway. 2.2.10 Analysis of impact on air The construction related to air quality are mainly exhaust of diesel construction machinery and transport vehicles, the dust produced during the excavation, backfilling, demolition and loading and unloading of sand, stone and powder material, dust caused by traffic. The main contamination during construction is dust, which could be reduced by wetting and restricted within 50m of construction area. The locomotive is driven by electricity in full section and will not cause exhaust. Meanwhile, the operation of electrified railway could reduce the exhaust emission by public traffic along the railway. The heating system in Jiaohe West station uses the geothermy and the other stations use coal boiler for heating in winter, so the air pollution mainly comes from the boiler during operation. 2.2.11 Solid waste effect The solid waste during construction is mainly generated from living rubbish of construction residence and construction waste. During operation, the solid waste mainly comes from the passenger trains, railway stations and other office and living area. The garbage bag is provided on the passenger train, and the rubbish is collected and sent to city sanitation for treatment, which China Academy of Railway Science 71 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project will not affect the surrounding environment so much.. China Academy of Railway Science 72 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 3. Alternative Analysis The proposed railway line is located in Jilin Province linking two neighbouring cities, i.e. Jilin City and Yanbian Prefecture. At present there is no express railway between Jilin City and Hunchun. The existing mixed-used (freight and passenger) single track railway between Jilin and Tumen and Tumen and Hunchun follow an lod alignment and are working to capacity. According to a 2009 record, the allowed speed of Chang-Tu section(Jilin to Tumen) is 90km/h, which means the one way trip from Jilin to Tumen is 7 hours at a actual speed of passenger 57.6km / h; the allowed speed of Tu-Hui Railway is 45 ~ 55km/h, with no passenger trains. Therefore, the line speed is low, and hardly meets the needs of economic development along the line.The new line will substantially reduce the travel time between Jilin and cities of Yanji, Tumen and Hunchun. The travel time between Jilin and Tumen will be reduced from preent about several hours to about two hours. Without the proposed JiTuHun railway project, the increasing passenger and fright transportation demand would have to be met through widerning of the existing highway network and construction of new high-grade highway, which will have larger environmental footprint and social impact given its wider ROW. Furthermore, vehicles will have higher emission of air pollutants and green hose gases, compared to the railway for equivalent transportation capacity of passenger and freight, and poses higher risks of traffic safety in Chiense context. The topographic conditions in the region are complicated with environmental sensitive areas. The proposed railway line will be constructed within an existing transport corridor, in parallel to several major highways including G302, G201, G202 highways and Changchun-Tumen Expressway, as well as Changchun-Tumen and Tumen-Hunchun railways. It is noted that this is the only available regional west-east transport corridor given the good ecological conditions in both south and north of the corridor. The economic hubs along the railway line are Jilin city, Jiaohe, Dunhua, Antu, Yanji, Tumen and Hunchun, and these hubs are located far from each other (40-70 km in average). Stations shall be set up for each economic hub, because it is extremely difficult so select routes and locate stations. Based on special geographic location, geological conditions and functional / technical stanards of the railway, the concept of environmetal protection was seriously considered in the alignment location during feasibiilty studies. Utmost effort has been made to avoid the environmentally sensitive areas as much as possible to ensure environmental feasibility of the alignment. In this regard, alternatives analysis has been regarded as one of the most important mitigation measures to minimize potential adverse environmental and social impact. However, due to the distribution of economic hubs and special natural conditions along the line, there are 6 environmentally sensitive areas that will be impacted. These include (1) Jinlin Provincial Songhua River Three-Lake Nature Reservel, (2) Antu Mingyue Pine Mushroom Provincial Nature Reserve, (3) Mijiang River Salmon Resource Protection Area, (4) Jinlin City Water Source Protection Area, (5) Jiaohe City Water Source Protection Area, and (6) Longtanshan Relics Site and Maoershan Cemetery. Potential impacts and mitigation measures for these sites are addressed in later chapters. China Academy of Railway Science 73 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Alternative alignments for various sections have been extensively studied, during which a comprehensive comparison was conducted to choose the optimal scheme in terms of environmetnal and social impacts, technical fesibility, and financial and economic benefits. Consultation with local government and relevant authorities of environmentally senstive areas were conducted and fully incoporated into the alternative selection process. Figure 3-1 shows the main alternatives and environmental protection objects of the project. Several key sections alternative comparison processes are summried in below sections. China Academy of Railway Science 74 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Legend ï?¬ Recommended alternative ï?¬ Borrow Pits ï?¬ Nature Reserve ï?¬ Soils/Spoils Disposal Sites ï?¬ Forest Park ï?¬ Noise Sensitive Spots ï?¬ Drinking Water Source Class I Protection Zone ï?¬ Drinking Water Source Class II Protection Zone Figure 3-1 Jinlin-Hunchun Railway Alternative and Environmental Protection Objects China Academy of Railway Science 75 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 3.1 The introduction of Jilin Joint Terminal According to the positioning and direction of Ji Hui the passenger line, the plan for Jinlin Station and plan for Shuangji Station are the two main topics to introduce the joint terminal plan based on the estimated yearly passenger traffic, transportation organizations, status and urban planning of existing railway. The line alignment is shown in Figure 3-1 in details. （1）Introduction of Jilin station (Planâ… ) The plan combines the status and urban planning of Jilin Joint Terminal, as well as the Longtan Mountain Protected Area and Maoershan Graveyard Protected Area. The plan also studies the program of going southwards to leave protected areas (Plan I-1) and going through the protected area in a controlled scope (Plan I-2). The alignment of the line is shown in Figure 3-2. a) Going southwards to leave protected areas(Plan I-1) The railway is going out Jinli Station and going over Shanghai Road and Jiefang Road, and then going over the flyover along the south side of Dongtan Street, and then going across Songhujiang River and Longfeng Railway, and then passing the south side of Maoershan Protected Area, and going eastwards over the City Expressway, and then going northeast, and then going east after passing Niangniang Temple, then the railway going along the north of Sanhu Provincial Natural Protected Zone, and then going east via Qingling Town and through Laoyeling, and finally reach the end point. The line is 56.42km, including 46.024km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 81.57% of the total. In this plan, 6.4km of Chang-Tu Connection Line and Long-Shu Connection Line shall be constructed. The total investment is 6,528,049,000 RMB. b) Going through the protected area in a controlled scope (Plan I-2) The line starts from Jinlin Station, and going east by the Chang-Tu Railway, and then going across Songhuajiang River on the south side of the existing railway bridge, and then going over the Long-Feng Railway, and Binjiang East Road to northeast, and then going through the restricted area in Longtanshan Protected Area and Maoershan Protected Area, going to the special railway for Jilin Refining Factory via Xiadatun, and then going over the City Expressway in north of Jilin Refining Factory, and going along the north of Sanhu Provincial Natural Protected Zone, and then going east via Qingling Town and through Laoyeling, and finally reach the end point CK59+100. The line is 59.1km, including 40.756km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 68.96ï¼… of the total. In this plan, 4.7km of Chang-Tu Connection Line and Long-Shu Connection Line shall be constructed. The total investment is 6,044,635,000 RMB . China Academy of Railway Science 76 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 3-2 Jinlin Joint Options (2) Plan for Introducing Shuangji Station (Plan II) The railway starts from Shuangji Station of Changji intercity Railway, the old Changji Intercity railway going to the Jilin Station by the Upwards and Downwards Line in east of Shuangji Station. After going out of the station, Jihui PDL goes over the Chang-Tu Railway and Songhuajiang River near the Jiu Station, and then going east over the Chang-Ji-Tu Expressway along the north of Changhua Sewage Factory, and going over the Chang-Ji Expressway in south of Xiaotangfang after passing Beikouqin and Tangfangling, and then going over the existing Chang-Tu Railway at Dachapeng, and arriving Mifeng South Station(to be constructed), and then going southeast and finally reaching the end point CK59+100. The line is 72.452km, including 48.577 km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 67.05ï¼… of the total. The total investment is 7,614,129,000 RMB. In addition, a new Passenger Connection Line shall be constructed to connect Jilin Station along the existing Chang-Tu Railway. The Passenger Connection Line is going out of Intercity Yard of Jilin Station, and then going east along the existing Chang-Tu Railway, and then going over the Songhuajiang East Road, Songhuajiang River from the existing railway bridge, and going parallel with Long-Feng Branch Line in its west, and then going north at the Sidaogou, going east after going over the Chang-Ji-Tu Expressway, and then reaching Mifeng South Station. The line is 20.212km (double line), with the total investment of 1,676,358,000RMB. 2.9km of double lines and 14.536km of single line will be remodeled on Changji Railway after going out of the Changji Station. The number of major projects and investment are shown in table 3-1. Analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of the plan Table 3-1 Analysis of advantage and disadvantage China Academy of Railway Science 77 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Assessment Item Analysis of advantage and disadvantage Plan Plan Plan I-1 I-2 â…¡ The line of plan I-1 program is the shortest one and the investment is not relatively small. The percentage of bridge and tunnel is the highest, so the construction is complex and difficult. The related connection line is only 6.4km. The line of Plan I-2 is relatively short, and 2.68km longer than that of Plan I-1 but 13.352km shorter than that of Plan II. The investment is the smallest,483.414 million RMB less than that of Plan I-1 and 3,245,851,000 RMB less than that of Plan II. The line Condition of has a relatively big percentage of bridge and tunnel, so the Relatively good bad the line construction will be more complex and difficult. The related bad connection line is the shortest, only 4.7km. The line of Plan â…¡ is the longest one, and going over the relatively flat terrain, easy to implement construction, but having the highest investment. The line in Plan II needs a construction of East Connection Line to join Jilin Station, which is 20.212km (double line). 2.9km of double line and 14.536km of single line shall be remodeled on Changji Railway. The connection line is too long, causing a huge construction. The relative altitude difference in Plan I-1 and Plan I-2 is from 300 to 800m, and there is a small amount of full-weathered surface geological layer, with big amount of exposed bedrock, mainly Mesozoic good good bad conditions intrusive granite, granodiorite, etc.; the terrain in Plan â…¡-1 are hilly, valleys, with soft soil and soft soil partly. Plan I-1 and Plan I-2: all the passenger train could be managed in Jilin station with a smooth traffic, and equipment could be centralized and managed, while the high speed train shall have the Operating speed limited passing Jilin station; conditions and transport Planâ…¡: All the initial departure trains and arriving trains shall be good good bad Organization managed in Jilin Station via the Passenger East Ring Line, and the high speed could go through directly. The plan could meet the high speed and convenience required by passenger dedicated line (PDL), and traffic organization is easy and traffic flow is smooth. Running the operating length of Plan I-1, Plan I-2, Plan â…¡are : 75.33km, bad bad good length 78.01km, 72.452km; Plan â…¡has the shortest operating length. The line of Plan I-1 goes through the city along south of the Dongtang Street after going out of Jilin Station, so the removing and rebuilding work is the hardest one. The line of Plan I-2 is Cooperation going out of the city along the existing line, having the smallest with urban removing and rebuilding, and conforms to the urban planning, bad good bad planning easy to attract passengers, having a good traffic condition. The line of Plan II goes through the city in a big area, and will have a lot of removing and rebuilding, does not meet the urban planning. The line of Plan I-2 goes through the Maoershan National Heritage Base, and will have bad impact on the sensitive environment, but Impact on Relatively the construction of PDL through the base is already approved by bad good environment bad cultural relics department. The line of Plan II in Songhuajiang Provincial Nature Reserve is China Academy of Railway Science 78 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 23km shorter than that in plan I-1, has the minimum impact on the sensitive environment. The Lafalashan Tunnel in Plan I-1 is 9.8km long; Lafalashan Construction Tunnel in Plan I-2 program is 12.3km, Lafalashan Tunnel in Plan conditions and bad bad good II is 17.3km. The construction condition is poor and construction time time is long. Recommendations to sum up: The line of Plan I-2 goes though the protected area and has impact on the sensitive environment, but the approval is obtained from the National Cultural Relics Department for constructing PDL through the protected area. The plan fully uses the existing urban facilities, and convenient for passengers, having less impact on local planning and the smallest investment. It is recommended to use Plan I-2, which is, connecting to Jilin Station and going through the protected area. 3.2 Plan for section from Jilin to Jiaohe At the investigation stage, the section at CK7 +000- CK70 +000 has many factors that may influence the alignment of the line. After considering the terrain conditions, Songhuajiang River and Three-lake Protected Area, Lafashan National Forest Park, Jiaohe Living Water Source Proection Area, two plans are studied in the design; one is a straight line going through west of Jiaohe City, and the other one is going along the expressway. The two plans are shown in Figure 3-3. 1. Plan explanation (Section CK7-CK70) (1) The Straightening plan via Jiaohe West (Planâ…  program, red line) The railway of this plan starts from CK7+000, going eastwards and going over the City Expressway, and arriving Qingling Town(Xinkaihe Town) via Zhongsha, Shahenangou and Songhuajiang River Conservation Area, and then going through Laoyeling by a 9.8km and 3.2km tunnel, and then reach the new Jiaohe West station. The line is 57.997km, including 39.90km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 68.71ï¼… of the total. The total investment is 4,743,885,000 RMB. (2) Along the Expressway corridor (Plan II, Blue line) The railway of this plan starts from CK7+000, going over the City Expressway and then going northeastwards and arriving Tiangang Town so as to avoid Tiangang Ggranite Exploration Area, and then going over the Chang-Tu Railway, G302, Chang-Ji-Tu Expressway, and then going southeast and going through Laoyeling, and then reach the new Jiaohe West station. The line is 65.057km, including 31.6km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 48.65ï¼… of the total. The total investment is 4,917,816,000 RMB. China Academy of Railway Science 79 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 3-3 Jilin-Jiaohe Section Alternative Analysis 2. Scheme advantages and disadvantages analysis Refer to table 3-2 for the Influence of Scheme and Scheme â…¡ on the environment: Table-3-2 Scheme comparison table from Jilin to Jiaohe section Straighter scheme across west of Advantages and Scheme Along the road corridor scheme disadvantages Jiaohe (schemeⅡ，blue line) comparison (schemeⅠ，red line) analysis Category 1. Section CK24+700 ～ CK48+120 1. Section C1K68+120(=CK62) ～ Scheme I cross and CK60+400 ～ CK69+000 CK69+00 cross three lakes nature reserve three lake reserve respectively across three lakes nature of Songhua River far lake for 7km (bridge for a long range, it reserve of Songhua River far lake and tunnel account for 40%) and Jiaohe has great influence 23.4km (bridge and tunnel account for West Station will be set up within the on the reserve. 90%), 8.6km (bridge and tunnel reserve. Scheme II has account for 40%), 32km in total, and great influence on Jiaohe West Station will be set up 2. C1K51+600～C1K67+500 cross Jiaohe the water source within the second section. quasi-water reserve 15.9km and this and Lafa park. scheme is near the water intake. 2. CK48+120 ～ CK60+400 across Analysing from Jiaohe Quasi water reserves 11.3km. C1K48 ～ C1K48+800 is close to the the perspective of boundary of Lafa Mountain National three lake reserve, 3. The nearest distance from Lafa Forest Park. scheme II is better Influence on ecological sensitive Mountain National Forest Park is than scheme I. area 800m. Comparatively speaking, the scheme that Analysing from along the highway bypasses the first the prespective of Although this scheme across the first section of the three lake reserve, but the the influence of the section (23.4km) of three lakes nature line is close to the Frozen lake ditch scenic whole railway line reserve, it is mainly in the form of spot of Lafa Mountain National Forest scheme on the bridge and tunnel, and the section Park., the forest cover of this scenic spot is forest vegetation passed belong to the edge of far lake of 96%, most of which are natural forest and wildlife, the reserve and the forestland covered areas, it is the nearest original ecological scheme I is better is mostly natural secondary forest; the zone of Jilin city. The forest land occupied than scheme II. main function of the far lake area is to by the road crossing the scenic spot and store water, protect water and soil, the natural forest within the scenic spot is Analysing from prevent pollution and protect integrated, so the bridge tunnel proportion the perspective of ecological environment with forest of the scheme of the line along the the source of vegetation the line covers forest highway is low (about 49%), the drinking water of vegetation damage is mainly by forestland and farmland occupied is Jiaohe, scheme I is China Academy of Railway Science 80 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Straighter scheme across west of Advantages and Scheme Along the road corridor scheme disadvantages Jiaohe (schemeⅡ，blue line) comparison (schemeⅠ，red line) analysis Category embankment land expropriation and greater than scheme I, and the permanent recommended. tunnel portal, according to the design, occupation of more embankment has the forest vegetation along the greater destructiveness on the forestland; embankments and the tunnel portal As there are large number of national will be recovered after the project protective vegetations like ASH, the completion, this will effectively national protective vegetation this scheme alleviate the influence of the project on involves is bigger than scheme I, thus the vegetation; besides, though there analysing from the reserve, the influence are some international reserve plants, of this scheme is greater than scheme I the quantity is limited, the percentage despite of the fact that the line is not cross is very low compared with this region; the three lake reserve; as for the influence meanwhile, as the area the line crossed on the wildlife, the forestland involves in is at the edge of the reserve, there are this scheme is more than that of scheme I, many villages, and the ravine and although the line in this scheme does not valley and mountain region along the cross the reserve, the activity of wildlife river have been exploited to farmland, within this area is possible, therefore, the rare wildlife can really be seen, and the influence of this scheme on the wildlife section across the reserve in this passway in the form of embankment scheme are mostly tunnels, wildlife occupation is greater than scheme I. still can pass from the top of the tunnel, therefore, the project has little influence on the wildlife passageway. This scheme cross the new town planned by Jiaohe city, so there is no influence of city separation, and the new Jiaohe West Station located in the The influence of this scheme on the city Influence on urban planning new town of Jiaohe city and on the planning of Jiaohe city is the same as equivalent edge of the old town, it is convenient scheme I. for the resident to come in and out, and thus it complies with the development plan of Jiaohe city. The scheme along the highway is at north edge of Tiangang quarry yard in section C1K29+250-C1K34+250, across Wudaohe iron-copper-tinpolymetallic census area of Recommend Influence on social environment Ore does not involved in this scheme Jilin Jiaohe 5.45kim in section scheme I C1K40+970-C1K46+420, at present, the private excavation of this census area is hard to identify, the underground gob has hidden dangers for the safety of the line. Land coverage This scheme covers about 132hm2 area Covers about 224hm2, which are mainly Recommend circumstances of forestland and farmland. forest land and farmland. scheme I The earthwork on the embankment is Embankment earthwork is about Earthwork about 2.8 million m2 and tunnel Recommend 6.2million m2, tunnel 2.4 million m2, circumstances excavation amount to 3.68 million m2 , scheme I 8.6 million m2 in total. Influence on the total is about 6.48 million m2 . ecological environment The bridge tunnel proportion is The bridge tunnel proportion is 48.65%, 68.71ï¼…, the investment is high and the though the control project is little, the longest tunnel is 9.099kim, the Bridge and tunnel length of the line increased about 7km, so Recommend construction is difficult. This scheme circumstances the investment is high. 20 rivers and 1 scheme I involves 16 rivers, involves 1 water water reserve are involved and is 5km reserve and is 8.5km away from away from secondary reserve. secondary reserve. There are 22 villages that will be There are 28 villages that will be Population influence influenced by the railway, wherein 3 influenced by the railway, wherein 5 Recommend schools and 1920 people/480 families schools and 2496 people/624 families are scheme I are involved, which distribute along involved, which distribute along the two China Academy of Railway Science 81 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Straighter scheme across west of Advantages and Scheme Along the road corridor scheme disadvantages Jiaohe (schemeⅡ，blue line) comparison (schemeⅠ，red line) analysis Category the two sides of the line within 100m, sides of the line within 80m, of which 142 of which 118 families should be families should be moved. The railway moved. The project has little influence cross in the middle of some villages, it will on the sensitive area compared with greatly separate the villages and influence scheme II, the investment is relatively the life of the residents. The project has low for noise protective measures. great influence on the sensitive area compared with scheme I, the investment is relatively high for noise protective measures. In conclusion, the straighter scheme cross the west of Jiaohe (scheme I, red line) cross the three lake reserve for a long distance, but the first section crossed is mainly bridge and tunnel, thus the great land occupation and ecological damage of natural reserve by the embankment is avoid; while compared from the influnce on the resident along the line, the project occupation and investment and earthwork quantity, this scheme is better than the scheme that along highway corridor (scheme II, blue line); meanwhile, the scheme along the highway crosses the Wudaohe iron-copper-tinpolymetallic census area of Jilin Jiaohe 5.45kim in the section of C1K40+970-C1K46+420, this involves core, and private excavation and underground gob of the census area will endanger the safety of the line; as the mileage of scheme along the highway is about 7 km, the operation fee of 30 years will increase 86,442 Yuan. Therefore, all things considered, Environmental Impact Acssessment recommends the straighter scheme cross the west of Jiaohe. 3.3 Section from Jiaohe to Weihu Ling The section of CK76 +000- CK131 +000 passes east of Jiaohe City and west of Dunhua City which is mainly controlled by the geological condition at Dabinghugou molybdenum area and Jilin Huangnihe Dalizi Provincial Forest Park. The plan mainly studies the Baishishan short tunnel and Baishishan Long tunnel. The alignment of this plan is shown in details in Figure 3-4. 1. Plan explanation (Section CK76-CK131) (1) Baishishan short tunnel plan (Planâ… , red) The line starts from CK76 +000, and going cross G302, existing Chang-Tu Railway, Xiaojiao River, and then going northeast, and then going east over existing Chang-Tu Railway and G302 via Zhaojiagou, Xin Village, Ailin Village, and Dabinhu molybdenum mine, and then going over Chang-Ji-Tu Expressway, G302, Changtu-Railway via Huangsongdian Line, going southeast to north of Weihuling and going to Weihuling North Station, and then going over Chang-Tu Railway, G302, Chang-Ji-Tu Expressway again, and arriving the end point CK131+000. The line is 57.492km, including 31.52km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 54.83% of the total. The total investment is 4,524,476,000 RMB. China Academy of Railway Science 82 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 3-4 Diagram of plan for section from Jiaohe to Weihuling China Academy of Railway Science 83 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project (2) Baishishan long tunnel plan (Plan â…¡) The line starts from CK76 +000, and going over G302, Chang-Tu Railway, Xiaojiaohe, and then going Southeast along Xiaojiaohe, and then going through the Pingdingshan Tunnel via Baishishan, and then going round Dabinhugou molybdenum area, and then going east to Weihuling South Station, and going over G201, and going to a new station to north of Dashitou Town via Daqiao Town, and then going east to the end point. The line is 55.142km, including 37.53km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 68.07% of the total. The total investment is 4,619,554,000 RMB. 2. The advantages and disadvantages of the plan The impact of Plan I an Plan II on environment is shown in Table 3-3: Table 3-3 Comparison of plan for section from Jiaohe to Weihuling Plan Comparison of Plan of Baishishan short tunnel Plan of Baishishan long tunnel advantage and (Planâ… , red line) (Planâ…¡, Blue Line) disadvantage Item 1. The plan starts in Songhuajiang Plan 1 avoids 1. The plan starts in Songhuajiang River three lakes protected area, Dalizi River three lakes protected area, the alignment is consistent with Provincial Forest the alignment is consistent with Plan I. Park . Plan II goes Impact to ecological sensitive through the park Planâ…¡. 2, The section C1K117 +450 ~ area with station. 2. The line going round the Jilin C1K122 +500 going through Jilin Huangnihe Dalizi Provincial Huangnihe Dalizi Provincial Plan I is Forest Park. Forest Park about 5.05km, and the recommended. Weihu South Station in the park. The line in this plan is close to Weihuling Town and convenient for the residents. The line is The station is far away from the isolated from the village by hill, so village and isolated by Plan â…  is Impact on urban planning the noise impact is greatly expressway, so it is not convenient recommend reduced. to get on and off. Covering about 124hm2, mainly Farmland Covering 174hm2, mainly woodland and farmland. The birch Plan â…  is occupation woodland and farmland. in the forest park shall be cut recommend down. The total amount of earthwork is Earth and The total amount of earthwork is Ecological about 4820000M3, and Plan II is rock about 3260000M3, and impact 2850000M3 for tunnel, 7670000 recommend condition 3700000M3 for tunnel, 7670000 M3 in all. M3 in all. Bridge and Tunnel percentage is Bridge and Bridge and Tunnel percentage is 68.07%, with a super long tunnel Plan I is tunnel 54.83% with low investment and around 13km, big investment and recommend condition no long tunnel, no control projects difficult construction 7 villages are influenced by 6 villages are influenced by Influenced by population railways, so the investment to railways, so the investment to same reduce noise is relatively big. reduce noise is relatively small. China Academy of Railway Science 84 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project In summary, the Baishishan short tunnel plan (Planâ… , red line) avoids Jilin Huangnihe Dalizi provincial forest park, which takes more land but could save the natural birch forest. Meanwhile, this plan avoids the molybdenum mine area. Concerning the long tunnel plan, the effect on molybdenum mine is much smaller. When analyzing the influence to the residents and the construction soil and rock, the two plans are equal. However, Plan I could save more investment, and convenient for the Weihuling residents. Therefore, considering in an over view, the Baishishan Short tunnel plan is recommended based on environmental assessment. 3.4 Plan of Tumen Station (CK277-CK320) According to the function orientation and direction of Ji-Hui Railway and considering the station layout, the urban planning, the geological condition as well as military facilities, studies are made on going in the south and going out in the north at Tumen Station, and Tumen west station and Tumen North station are planned. The alignment of each plan is shown in Figure 3-5. 1) Plan of going in from the south and out from the north (planâ… ) The line of this plan starts from CK277+000, going east through Guangji Village and Mopan Village of Changan Town, and then going over the Chang-Tu railway and Buerhatong River, and then going through the Riguangshan Provincial Forest Park in form of tunnel after passing Shuinan Village. The line leads to Tumen Station through the Tumen City in a radius of 1600m, and then going over the Tui-Hui Railway, Gaya River, G302 and going eastwards and reaching the end point CK320+500 via Anshan Tunnel. The line is 44.674km, including 36.937km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 82.68% of the total. The total investment is 4,527,573,000 RMB. 2) Plan to set Tumen West Station (Plan â…¡) The line of this plan starts form CK277+000 and going to north of Shangdongjing Village , having the alignment like the plan of going to Tumen Station in south and going out in north. Then the line going north to Lixin Village, and going to Wugong Village which is in west of Tumen city where the Tumen West Station is set, then the line is going east over the Chang-Tu Railway, Mu-Tu Railway, Gaya River, G302, and then reaching end point after going through the 7.9km Changhouan Tunnel. The line is 42.095km, including 34.106km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 81.02ï¼… of the total. The total investment is 3,959,250,000 RMB. 3)Plan of setting Tumen North Station(Plan III) The line of this plan starts at CK277+400 and going east via Guangji Village and Mopan Village in Changan Town, and then going east over the Changtu Railway, Buerhatong River, and then going northeast to Bishui Village, and then going southeast to passing Changtu Railway and Tu-Mu railway and heading existing Qushui Station where the Tumen North Station is set, then going out of Qushui Station in the south and going over the Gaya River, G302 and reaching the end point via Aanshan Tunnel. The line is 38.688km, including 31.202km of bridge and tunnel, amounting 80.65ï¼… of the total. The total investment is 3,686,317,000 RMB. China Academy of Railway Science 85 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 3-5 Comparison diagram of Tumen station site scheme Table 3-4 Comparison table of Tumen station site scheme Scheme Scheme of station Scheme of station positioning at Comparative Tumen station scheme positioning at western northern Tumen analysis of Tumen advantages and (Scheme I, red line ) (Scheme III, pink (Scheme II, blue line ) line ) disadvantages Type 1. Bypass the Sunny Hill 1. Bypass Scheme I is to cross the Provincial Forest Park the state-level cultural Sunny Hill 1. Cross the Sunny Hill Provincial and the nearest distance relics of Mopan Provincial Forest Park Forest Park in tunnel type at from the park is 1km. village mountain in tunnel type and to CK301+600~CK303+850 section. town. bypass the cultural 2. The line bypasses the relics; Scheme II and Influence on ecological 2. The line bypasses the state-level state-level cultural relics 2. Bypass the III bypass the forest sensitive area cultural relics of Mopan village of Mopan village Sunny Hill park and the cultural mountain town in the front and rear mountain town in the Provincial Forest relics; of CK285, and passes 200m outside front and rear of CK285, Park. of the controlled construction belts. and passes 200m outside Scheme II and III are of the controlled recommended. construction belts. This Scheme is This scheme fully exerts the good for existing stations and is best for This scheme is closer to long-dated Influence on urban resident trip; but this scheme may the city and is of less development of Scheme II and III are planning cause mass removal of private convenience than Tumen city, but recommended. houses and enterprises and Scheme I. may cause slight institutions. inconvenience for resident trip. The area covered is about 63hm2 The area covered is The area covered is Scheme I and III are Influence on Occupation of land and is mainly woodland, plowland, about 71hm2 and is about 66hm2 and is recommended. ecological land for residence use and land for mainly woodland, mainly plowland, China Academy of Railway Science 86 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project environment commercial use. plowland, land for land for residence residence use and land use and land for for commercial use. commercial use. The road earthwork is about 1,956,000 The road earthwork is m3, the station site The road earthwork is about about 1,780,000 m3, the earthwork is about 1,730,000m3, the station site station site earthwork is 586,000 m3, the Scheme III is Earthwork earthwork is about 900,000 m3, the about 1,980,000 m3, the dug tunnel recommended. conditions dug tunnel earthwork is 4,290,000 dug tunnel earthwork is earthwork is m3, and the total is 6,920,000 m3. 3,980,000m3, and the 3,560,000 m3, and total is 7,740,000 m3. the total is 6,100,000 m3. 10 villages are 5 villages are influenced by the influenced by the 8 villages are influenced by the railway, and the railway, and the Situation of influenced railway, and the investment of noise Scheme III is investment of noise investment of noise population reduction measures taken by this recommended. reduction measures reduction measures project is relatively large. taken by this project is taken by this the largest. project is the least. In conclusion, the schemes of leading in Tumen area have different advantages and disadvantages, but as a major route of passenger transportation, this line should focus on providing convenience for passenger trip and coordination with city development planning. Therefore the Scheme of station positioning at northern Tumen is relatively reasonable by overall comparison. 3.5 Compatibility analysis of project construction and city planning 3.5.1 Compatibility analysis of project construction and overall city planning of Jilin (1) Overall city planning As a famous ancient city of Dongbei province, the central city of Jilin is currently divided into the north of the river, city center and new town in the south of the river by the Songhua River, forming a pattern including the northern industrial park, central commercial district, financial district, the southern scientific and technological district and the high-tech zone. The overall planning of the city adopts Level 2 distributed group layout structure, with the first structure consisting of the main urban area and two groups of Shuangji and Fengman, the secondary structure consisting of the center group and four periphery groups of the west, the north, the south and the southwest. It is estimated that the city population of the central city of Jilin in 2020 and 2030 will respectively be 2,200,000 and 3,300,000. (2) Comprehensive city traffic planning The comprehensive city traffic planning builds a “double ring + radiationâ€? shape fast road net system, linking Changtu and Hajishen expressway; the internal city builds a comprehensive traffic China Academy of Railway Science 87 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project net taking fast roads and arterial roads as its framework. Plan and build the traffic transportation pattern with “One center, two systemsâ€?. The passenger transportation system consists of one center station and two passenger transportation stations; the center station is located in Jlin Station and the two passenger stations are respectively located in Shahezi of the western new town and the neighborhood of Zunyi Road in the north of the river. (3) Relationship between the line scheme and city planning According to “The commitment letter of the people’s government of Jilin City on the scheme of leading Jitu passenger dedicated lines from Jilin Stationâ€?, it is urged to lead the Jitu passenger dedicated lines from Jilin Station along the existing Changtu line, then to cross the controlled construction belts of the state-level cultural relics protection unit of Maoshan Graveyard in the middle of Longtan Mountain Protection Area and Maoshan Protection Area in overpass and tunnel type after crossing the Songhua River. In this way it won’t destroy the ground and the shallow layer while crossing the controlled construction belts outside the core area, which can not only guarantee the technological requirements of railway passenger dedicated lines, but also can satisfy the overall planning requirements of Jilin City, and can effectively protect the state-level cultural relics. Combining the overall planning of Jilin City and the trend of this line, the newly-built railway from Jilin to Hunchun starts from the existing Jilin Station which is in south-north-trend, and the line must cross the Songhua River to head to Jiaohe City in the east when it goes along the southeast after coming out the station. The exiting Jilin Station is located in the center district of Jilin City surrounded with compact residential districts and commercial districts. Considering that ordinary speed trains go the existing Changtu line, four lines (among which two lines are used for ordinary speed trains to go along the existing Changtu line) are required to come out the Jilin Station and cross the river, which covers a large area. In order to reduce the removal influence on the urban area caused by the newly-built railway to the utmost extent, this line adopts the scheme of parallelizing the existing Changtu lines, broadening the existing railway passages, so as to avoid a secondary division for the urban area and reduce bad influences such as land occupation and noise to the minimum, and thus the line trend satisfies the city planning of Jilin. Please refer to Figure 3-6 for the relationship between the line and the overall planning of Jilin City. China Academy of Railway Science 88 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 3-6 Relationship between the newly-built railway line from Jilin to Hunchun and the overall planning of Jilin City According to the railway trend, the existing lines to be parallelized mainly cross residential districts before crossing the Songhua River, and the total removal is 88940m2 according to field statistics. Although a great lot of residential districts close to the line have been removed along the line before the newly-built railway crosses the Songhua River, the train of this line has more number and acoustic barrier noise-reduction measures have been taken for both sides of this line in the design, there are 4450 linear meters of acoustic barrier is set in total. And considering that the urban area has numerous 6-7 storey buildings, the height of the acoustic barrier is designed to be 4m. The designed noise-reduction measures are regarded by environmental review to effectively reduce the noise influence on residents on both sides of the railway after the newly-built railway is been put into use. The line mainly cross Yongan Village, Luchang Village in overpass type after crossing the Songhua River, and the total removal is 7695m2. Acoustic barrier noise-reduction measures have been taken for the passed village areas in the design, and a total 2.5m acoustic barrier of 970 linear meters is set so as to effectively relieve the noise influence of railway. To analyze according to Fig. China Academy of Railway Science 89 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 13, the line crosses part of the land for commercial and financial use under planning after crossing the river. According to the field investigation, the Songhua River road bridge in the lower reach of the existing railway bridge is under construction currently, and the planned commercial and financial land to be passed by the railway is mainly farmland and some houses and enterprises. This line passes in overpass type and covers a smaller area; however, in consideration of a certain degree noise and vibration influence on both sides of the line after the railway is been put into use, and an overpass railway across the sky may produce landscape effect, it is suggested that buildings demanding high noise and vibration conditions should not be built in the adjacent areas of both sides of the railway for city planning. 3.5.2 Compatibility analysis of project construction and overall city planning of Yanji (1) Overall city planning According to “The overall city planning of Yanjiâ€? (2007~2030), the city development direction of Yanji and the main economic connection direction are consistent, which give priority to development towards the west and the north, one is that Yanji urban area develops continuously towards the west driven by the prefectural administrative and cultural center, and the other is to promote the west to develop towards the urban area of the west Chaoyangchuan driven by the prefectural new emerging industry centralized zone, new center construction and new Yanji Station (Yanji Station of Changtu fast railway). It is estimated that the city population of the central city of Yanji in 2020 and 2030 will respectively be 510,000 and 550,000. The planning shapes a pattern of “The main urban area of Yanji + The auxiliary urban area of Chaoyangchuanâ€?, and shapes a public center layout with “Two major and two auxiliaryâ€?. Marked by the Maoer Mountain and framed by two rivers (the Buerhatong River and the Yanji River), the central city is divided into 8 functional areas. (2) Comprehensive city traffic planning The traffic planning takes the orientation of serving the central city of Tumen River area, builds a fast and convenient comprehensive traffic net system with reasonable layout consisting of roads, railways, airlines and diversified transport manners. The road shapes a road net framework with “Three horizontalsâ€?, “two verticalsâ€? and “Five connectionsâ€?, and the city road sets up a third class city net system of arterial roads, sub arterial roads and branches. With respect to railways, it is planned to newly build the Changtu fast railway, renovate and improve the existing Changtu railway and the eastern border railways. It is planned to build a new Yanji Station (Yanji Station of Changtu fast railway) in the new district of Chaoyangchuan, which mainly serves for passenger transport; emphasize the functional division of the existing Yanji Station and Chaoyangchuan Station, with Yanji Station serving for passenger transport and Chaoyangchuan Station serving for freight transport. (3) Relationship between the project and the planning of Yanji City According to “YSZH No. [2009]40â€?, Yanji City strongly urges that the address selection of China Academy of Railway Science 90 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Chaoyangchuan Town should be the most reasonable, which can not only satisfy the development planning of Yantulong City and Yanji City, but can be good for residents of Yanji and even other cities of Yanbian prefecture to fully use the existing city basic facilities and can reduce project investment. After discussing with local authorities time after time, the design combines the smooth and direct features of passenger dedicated lines to confirm the station address selection scheme, so as to offer better services for people’s trip. The recommended line scheme (station positioning in the west of Yanji) is 6.6km from the current city center and is located between the urban area of Yanji City and Chaoyangchuan Town. As a central developing city area with convenient traffic to the built-up district of the city, it is easy to attract the existing passenger flow, as well as to give attention to future passenger flow development, and to be convenient for linking supporting facilities of the city and passengers’ trip, thus the station site conforms to local planning. Please refer to Figure 14 for the relationship between the line and the overall planning of Yanji City. The Jihun passenger dedicated line is an electrical traction railway, the former scheme of leading the existing Yanji Station is affected by the airport military facilities and fails to conform to rules of related aviation radio navigation station configuration and field environment requirements such as the air force military standard No. [1691] “No high voltage transmission lines, electrical railways, etc. should be built within 500m around radar stationsâ€?, therefore this scheme cannot lead the existing Yanji Station. The former scheme of station positioning at northern Yanji is to station at the hillside of the east bank of Yanji River 5km from the north of Buerhatong River in Juzi Street of Yanji City. It may result in mass removal of residential district in the station range, and the station address is 16km away from Chaoyangchuan Town, therefore Chaoyangchuan Town cannot be driven to develop effectively in view of the city development planning of Yanji; at the same time, Yanji City is now establishing the Yanji Water Treatment plant which is located in about 1.5km from the east side of Juzi Street and the north side of the line. Though the line won’t cross the inlet pipelines of the water plant, it intersects the outlet and supply pipelines of the water plant. Furthermore, it may cause greater influence on outlet pipelines of the water plant to position the Yanji North Station here due to the large occupation of land, and may also cause high risks of future water supply security and may be bad for the city water supply security; if position the station at the north of the joint of Yanji City and Chaoyangchuan, due to the ground elevation of the passing section is 300～390m, the line elevation is 270m, and the line mainly passes in tunnel type, so it does not meet the requirements of station positioning. Therefore, in order to combine the city development planning of Yanji and take account of driving the main urban area of Yanji City and Chaoyangchuan Town to develop jointly, Yanji Station is built at the joint of the two places. As for the involved planning residential districts on both sides of the line, it is suggested that the local authority make corresponding adjustment for city planning and prepare the railway passage in advance. China Academy of Railway Science 91 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 3-7 Relationship between the line and the overall planning of Jilin City According to Fig. 3-7, the newly-built railway respectively crosses some planning areas of Chaoyangchuan Town and Yanji City in super major bridge type while spanning Chaoyang River and Yanji River. At the same time, in consideration of the integrated development trend of Chaoyangchuan Town and Yanji City, Yanji West Station is built at the joint of the two places so as to offer convenient trip for residents of both places. The direction of this line and the station position scheme has been fully accepted by each authority of Yanji City. The line mainly passes residential land and industrial land of the planning areas of Chaoyangchuan Town. According to field investigation, the south-north road along the river is being renovated currently, and farmland and separate villages are disturbed along both sides. The line passes in super major bridge type and the total removal of houses is 3900m2. Acoustic barrier (1630 linear meters), sound insulation window measures have been taken for passing villages in the design, which can effectively relieve the noise influence caused by railways. It is suggested that the local authority combine the railway direction and do not plan the adjacent areas on both sides of the line as residential districts, and prepare the railway passage in advance at the same time aiming to the planning industrial land to be crossed. China Academy of Railway Science 92 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project The line mainly passes residential districts of the planning areas of both sides of Yanji River of Yanji City. According to field investigation, the house removal of the districts to be passed by the line is about 32300m2, Acoustic barrier (3780 linear meters), sound insulation window measures have been taken for passing villages in the design, which can effectively relieve the noise influence caused by railways. It is suggested that the local authority combine the railway direction and do not plan the adjacent areas that are not under construction on both sides of the line as residential districts, and prepare the railway passage in advance at the same time aiming to the planning industrial land to be crossed. 3.5.3 Compatibility analysis of station address along the line and local city development planning 1. Dunhua Station Dunhua Station has been built in Changtu Line when it passes Dunhua City. This time a newly-built Jilin-Hunchun railway is leaded to Dunhua City. For the convenience of passengers’ trip and transfer and railway operation management, and in order to take full advantage of the existing freight, work areas, special lines and other facilities, combining the city planning, the existing railway state and Jihun railway direction, the scheme of moving the existing Dunhua Station to the east is taken in the design. The relationship between the station position of this scheme and the city planning is shown in the figure 3-8 below: Combining the field exploration situation, the scheme of moving the existing Dunhua Station to the east mainly passes the residential districts: Penghu District to the north side of the existing Dunhua Station, and Shuangsheng Village before crossing Mudan River. According to the city planning of Dunhua, the local China Academy of Railway Science 93 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project regional city government of Penghu District is taking account of removal and renovation combining the city planning, but the renovation has still not been put into action due to the lack of capital. When the newly-built Jilin-Hunchun railway is led to Dunhua and passes this district, the above mentioned districts could be removed, thus the construction of Dunhua City can be quickened and the city development planning can be satisfied; Shuangsheng Village is located in the rurbania, it may bring mass removal for this village to build Dunhua Station here, thus the urban construction of this district can be quickened. According to field investigation, the villagers expressed support for the passing by railway. China Academy of Railway Science 94 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 3-8 Dunhua Station Layout The black line in the figure is the existing Changtu Line. After leading Jihun passenger dedicated line to Dunhua City, the section (namely the pink line in the figure) of the existing Changtu Line on the south side of the new Dunhua Station will be removed and be changed to the north side of the main line (namely the China Academy of Railway Science 95 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project blue line in the figure) And parallel the passenger dedicated line. At the same time, after the removal of the existing Dunhua Station, the freight will be adjusted to Daqiao Station of the existing Changtu Line so as to eliminate the noise influence on the adjacent area of the station due to the freight. Seen from the station layout, the new Dunhua Station makes the whole railway move northward to the Dunhua urban area, which is convenient for residents’ trip while keeping away from the main urban area, and is good for space expansion of the city and conforms to the city development planning. The people’s government of Dunhua City approves this station site scheme with “The letter of related opinions on the design scheme of the passenger dedicated line from Jilin to Tumen in Dunhuaâ€? (DZH No. [2009]43). 3. Jiaohe West Station, Antu Station, Tumen Station, Hunchun North Station (1) Jiaohe West Station The scheme of Jiaohe west station site is approved according to “The letter of the people’s government of Jiaohe City on opinions on Jihun passenger dedicated line direction and station positioningâ€? (JZH No. [2010]36). The design adopts the scheme of Jiaohe West Station based on serving for the place to the utmost extent. (2) Antu Station According to “The letter of related opinions on the design scheme of the passenger dedicated line China Academy of Railway Science 96 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project from Jilin to Tumen in Antuâ€? by the people’s government of Antu County, the “Scheme of station positioning at the west of Antuâ€? is preferentially adopted since it conforms to the overall city planning of Antu County and is convenient for people’s trip. It takes account of serving for local economic development to the utmost extent in the design. The scheme of station positioning at the west of Antu is adopted. (3) Tumen Station According to the “Proposals for the adopted scheme of the passenger dedicated railway line from Jilin to Tumenâ€? (TZH No. [2009]28), it is suggested to upgrade Tumen Railway Station using the existing marshalling of Tumen Railway Station and other basic facilities. Adhering to the principles of serving for the place to the utmost extent and taking advantage of the existing railway facilities to the maximum, the design adopts the scheme of leading the existing Tumen Station according to local opinions. (4) Hunchun North Station Hunchun is the termination of this line. Considering that Hunchun City takes the east and north as its development direction, the station positioning should be convenient for residents’ trip and conform to the city development planning simultaneously. According to the “Letter of opinions on the station address selection of the passenger dedicated line from Jilin to Hunchunâ€? (HZH No. [2009]29), the preferential scheme is the northeast of the old urban area of Hunchun City, which is located in the north side of the connection between Zhanqian Street of Hunchun City and Provincial Highway 201. Taking advantage of the connection between Zhanqian Street ---- a main city road China Academy of Railway Science 97 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project and the urban area, this scheme offers convenient traffic and the connection between Zhanchang and railways in Jilin direction and Dongning Direction is quite smooth. Based on the above local opinions and in view of local development, in the design Hunchun North Station is built in the place with high favor of the local government. 3.5.4 Analysis of Compatibility Between Engineering Construction and Rail Network Plan This project is an important part of Changchun-Tumen line, and the rail transportation channel between Tumen Board-port and Hunchun Board-port. Presently, Changchun-Jilin intercity railway of this channel is under construction. The existing Jilin-Tumen section of Changchun-Tumen line was built in 1910, and is in line with national standards for Second Grade of Single line, diesel traction, capacity utilization rate 74.5%, the allowable speed on this line is only 90km/h. Tumen-Hunchun line is local rail of Jilin province, and is in line with national standards for Third Grade of Single line, diesel traction, capacity utilization rate 70%, the allowable speed on this line is only 70km/h. With low allowable speed,, the existing rails can basically meet the requirements of freight transportation of this area, but passenger transportation service quality is not high, and passenger transportation capacity is tight, which could no longer meet transportation demand for developing and opening up pilot zone of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen After completion of project, density of passenger flow at short and long term travel section shall separately reach 16,200,000 and 22,250,000, with 70 or 95 passenger trains running per day, travel time from Changchun to Hunchun shall be shortened from 10h to 2h and 10 minutes. With many China Academy of Railway Science 98 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project features like rapid, safe, comfortable, punctual, large capacity etc, this line is very attractive to passenger transportation and will remedy defect of single traffic structure of this area, increase capacity and flexibility of passenger transportation of this channel, meet the growing passenger traffic demand along this line and improve infrastructure condition along the line. At the same time, this project can connect with Changchun-Jilin intercity rail, Harbin-Dalian passenger dedicated line, Harbin-Mudanjiang passenger dedicated line, Harbin-Qiqihaer passenger dedicated line etc, together form a northeast expressed regional rail network. Therefore, the construction of Jilin-Hunchun rail meets completely the direction and requirements of Long and Mid-Term Plan of the China's Railway (revised 2008) and The Eleventh Five-year Plan. China Academy of Railway Science 99 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Legend Existing rail Planned passenger dedicated line Planned rail Research program on planned rail Planned electrified rail Planned expansion of railway capacity Figure 3-9 Long and Mid-Term Plan of the China's Railway (revised 2008) China Academy of Railway Science 100 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 4 General Situation of the Environment along the Project    4.1 General Situation of Natural Environment 4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphy The upcoming construction of Jilin-Hunchun rail line is located in the middle-east of Jilin province. It passes through medium low mountains area of middle section of Changbai mountain, there are relatively flat and open basin valleys distributed here. This line passes successively from northwest to southeast the following types of topography: Songhuajiang River alluvial plain, medium low eroded hilly area of Laoyeling, Jiaohe basin, medium low eroded hilly area of Weihuling, Dunhua basin, low mountain of Haerbaling and valley area of Buerhatong river, Yanji basin, valley of Buerhatong river and low hilly area of left bank of Tumen river, Hunchun basin. The highest peak of this area is Laoyeling with an altitude of 1,285m, the lowest point is Hunchun basin, with altitude around 30～40m. The altitude of medium low mountain area is between 500～ 1000m, relative relief 200～500m;general altitude of basin and hilly area 200～500m，relative relief 50～200m. With numerous streams of Songhuajiang and Tumenjiang river, water system of area along this line is well developed (See Figure 4-1). This line passes through successively the following types of topography from northwest to south east: (1) Songhuajiang River alluvial plain（CK0+000~CK3+560） Di'erSonghuaJiang passes through the east of plain from south to north in a shape of Chinese character “几â€?, generally the ground level is 184~220m, the river terraces of two banks distribute asymmetrically, this area is open and relatively flat, it belongs to Jilin city, crowded with dense building. （2）Medium low eroded hilly area of Laoyeling（CK3+560~CK61+000） The altitude of Laoyeling, the highest peak of this area is 1,285m, the common altitude of hilly area set to pass through by this line is 200~500m, relative relief is 50~200m，altitude of medium low mountain is 500~1000m，relative relief 200~500m，most of mountaintops are round, gully development, moderate dissected topography, vegetation developed, thick forest. （3）Jiaohe basin（CK61+000~CK80+000） This is a synclinal tectonic basin, 42km long, 18km wide, extending north northeast, with wide-fleet rivers in the middle of basin, terrace development on two banks, the terrain gradually gets higher from the river valley to the east and west sides, mainly dominated by low and flat hills, altitude 260~340m, relative relief 5~30m, numerous villages and towns distributed in the valley, most of lands are farmlands, hilly area is densely wooded. （4）Medium low eroded hilly area of Weihuling（CK80+000~CK112+535） The altitude of Taipingding mountain, the highest peak of this area is 1,283m, altitude of area set to pass through by this line is between 500~1000m, relative relief 200~500m, most mountaintop is round, gully development, shallow dissected topography, vegetation develop, thick forest. Chi A d f R il S i 101 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 3-1 Water System along the Proposed Raiway Line 102 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project （5）Dunhua basin（CK112+5535-CK191+420） The river bed of Mudanjiang and its branches Huangnihe, Shahe etc is wide fleet, terrace development on two banks, altitude is generally between 490~540m, forming the floor of basin, distributed intermittently with inselbergs, the lands of valley are mostly farmland, numerous villages and towns distributed in the valley, hilly area is densely wooded. （ 6 ） Low mountain of Haerbaling and valley area of Buerhatong river （CK191+420-CK241+340） Haerbaling is water shed of Songhuajiang River and Tumenjiang River, altitude of most low mountains is between 600 and 800m, Buerhatong river passes through this area from west to east, the section of valley in the shape of “Vâ€?, valley floor at some sections is wide, farmlands distributed at both sides of channel, the stream has a steep gradient, the fall in this area is around 200m, slopes on both banks are densely wooded. （7）Yanji basin（CK241+340~CK278+120） Yanji basin is a narrow and long fault basin, the basin floor is the valley plain, Buerhatong river passes through basin from west to east, the river bed is wide and fleet, overbank and terraces are developed, altitude within the range of 160~230m, Yanji city is located here, crowded by dense buildings, suburb is covered with farmlands and there are numerous villages and towns, the landforms on both sides are mostly low and even hills with altitude of 200~500m, relative relief 50~200m，vegetation was successfully established on slopes, some are dry lands, most of them are densely wooded. （ 8 ） Valley of Buerhatong river and low hilly area of left bank of Tumen river （CK278+120~CK352+300） After passing through the east of Yanji basin, the valley of Buerhatong river becomes narrow and meandering in “Vâ€? shape through low mountain area in the east part of Yanji basin, converging with Gaya river in northwest Tumen city, winding its way through Tumen city into Tumen river, with steep slopes on either side, there is a large difference between the highest and lowest point, altitude of low mountains and hills between 250~600m, relative relief 50~200m，gully developed along this line, moderate dissected topography, vegetation developed, densely wooded. （9）Hunchun basin（CK352+300~CK362+200） The basin floor is alluvial plain, Tumen river passes through the western part of basin, Hunchun river passes through the center of basin, broad river, terraces on either side are wide and flat, altitude 30~50m, basin is surrounded by low mountains and hills, vegetation developed, densely wooded. 4.1.2 Geological structure and Earth Layer Lithology （1）Geological structure The tectonic structures of areas along the line is located in the east section of Tianshan-Xing'an Chi A d f R il S i 103 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project geosynclinal folded zone, southeast of late Jilin-Heilongjiang Variscan fold belt，crossing from west to east two secondary structure units ， Jilin eugeosynclinal fold belt and Yanbian eugeosynclinal fold belt. This area has experienced successively Variscan orogeny, Yanshanian orogeny and Himalayan Orogeny. Linear fold and thrust fault are the main features of Jilin eugeosynclinal fold belt, the well developed fault structures are in north east, north-northeast directionï¼›paleozoic linear fold developed in Yanbian eugeosynclinal fold belt, with gentle and broad Mesozoic and Cenozoic folding, fault structures developed in north-northeast, northeast, north-south, east-west and north-west direction. The main deep and big fault structure along the line are Songhuajiang fault (F1), Tiangang-Wulihe fault (F2), Dunhua-Jingbohu fault (F13), Tunlin river-Chaoyang river fault (F22), Mijiang-Gaya river revived fault （F28）. Since Quaternary it is dominated by large secular movement of the earth's crust, river terraces of multi-grade are developed, Songhuajiang fault and Dunhua-Mishan fault are active, Quaternary basalt erupts in the shape of line and belt. （2）Lithology Exposed strata along the line are mainly Permian System of the late Palaeozoic, Jurassic System and Cretaceous System of the Mesozoic Erathem, tertiary stratum and quaternary stratum of the Cenozoic Erathem，multiple Magma intrusions occurred during this period, and a large area of Quaternary effusive rocks distributed here. Lithologies of the Permian System are mainly metamorphic siltstone, metamorphic fine sandstone, slates etc, distributed mainly on western Laoyeling, west side of Jiaohe basin, low mountains and hilly areas between Tumen and Hunchun and sporadically distributed at other areas. Lithologies of the Jurassic System are conglomerate, sandstone, breccias, andesite, andesite-tuff, Lithologies of the Cretaceous System are conglomerate, coarse and fine sandstone and shale，concentratedly distributed in Jiaohe, Yanji, Antu and around Tumen basin. The lithologies of tertiary stratum are conglomerate, sandstone, fine sandstone, siltstone and shale, sporadically distributed in north of Dunhua county and the western mountain area of Hunchun city. Multiple Magma intrusions occurred during the period of Variscan and Yanshanian，the main lithologies are biotite plagiogranite, granodiorite, dacite, diorite etc. widely distributed along the whole line. Effusive rocks of Tertiary and Quaternary ages are mainly a variety of basalts, concentratedly distributed in the area of Dunhua-Huangheni. Various loose deposits of the Quaternary accumulated along the whole line, mainly basin, river terraces and valley, with variable thickness. 4.1.3 Basic intensity of earthquake （GB18306-2001） seismic According to Seismic ground motion parameter zonation map of China , ground motion parameters along the whole line are as follows: Table 4-1 Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Sheet Seismic Characteristi Seismi peak c period of Start and End Mileage c Sections ground the seismic Remarks (Run-through) intensit accelerati response y on spectrum 104 Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Seismic Characteristi Seismi peak c period of Start and End Mileage c Sections ground the seismic Remarks (Run-through) intensit accelerati response y on spectrum â…¦ CK0+000-CK11+300 0.10g 0.35s degree Jilin—Weihulin â…¥ CK11+300-CK73+600 0.05g 0.35s g degree ＜Ⅵ CK73+600-CK111+470 ＜0.05g 0.35s degree ＜Ⅵ Weihuling—Ant CK111+470-CK190+900 ＜0.05g 0.35s degree u CK190+900-CK233+000 0.05g â…¥degree 0.35s â…¦ CK233+000-CK250+350 0.10g 0.35s degree Antu—Hunchun â…¥ CK250+350-terminus 0.05g 0.35s degree According to the zonation specified in Seismic ground motion parameter zonation map of China，site condition belongs to stable flat medium-stiff soil site, characteristic period of the seismic response spectrum of various construction sites shall be regulated based on the type of site and regulate correspondingly after the completion of seismic safety evaluation. 4.1.4 Climatic characteristics This area is situated in north subtemperate zone, with a humid and semi-humid continental monsoon climate. According to zonation based on influence of climate on railway engineering, this area belongs to freezing zone. Summer is short and warm, winter is long and cold, spring is dry and windy, autumn is cool, the four seasons are distinct. Annual average temperature 4.0～ 6.8℃, average temperature in January -10.3～-23.4℃, average temperature in July 20.5～23.9℃; the extremely high temperature 36.3～37.7℃, the extremely low temperature -29.2～-42.5℃, mean annual precipitation 528～670mm，mainly during the period from June6 to August; mean annual evapotranspiration 948.9 ～1445.6mm; average relative humidity 64 ～76 ％，annual average wind speed 2.2～3.1m/s, maximum wind speed 18～20m/s. maximum depth of frozen ground:167cm～192cm. Table4-2 Classification of the Maximum Depth of Frozen Ground Max. depth of Start and End Mileage Sections frozen ground Remarks (Run-through) (cm) CK0+000-CK24+100 192 Jilin Jilin—Weihuling CK24+100-CK111+470 167 Jiaohe CK111+470-CK190+900 184 Dunhua Weihuling—Antu CK190+900-CK241+755 171 Antu CK241+755-CK290+233 168 Yanji Antu-Hunchun CK290+233-CK334+670 181 Tumen CK334+670-终点 172 Hunchun Chi A d f R il S i 105 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 4.1.5 Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 4.1.5.1 Engineering Geology Apart from soft soil and mollisol distributed in some areas, the strata of Songhuajiang river terraces at Jilin, Jiaohe basin, Dunhua basin, Antu basin, Yanji basin and Tumen basin are mainly quaternary sandy soil, crushed stone soil, with underlying sandstone, shale and other clastic rocks， quaternary magmatic rocks erupts in some areas, most of the line will be built as roadbed or bridge, the condition of engineering geology is good. The strata of low and gentle hilly areas near the various basins are mainly mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate, breccias, shale, andesite of Jurassic System and other soft clastic bearing small amount of stiff rocks，fault structure was developed, rock mass was relatively broken, side slopes are liable to weathering and erosion and problems like expansive soil, landslide along stratified layer etc exist locally, most of the line will be built as bridge, road and a small section of tunnel, the condition of engineering geology is poor. Lithologies in medium-low mountain area are mainly stiff rocks like granite and basalt，Permian sandstone and conglomerate sporadically distributed, the line passes through in form of tunnel, engineering geology is good. 4.1.5.2 Hydrogeology Ground water in low mountains and hilly areas along the line are mainly quaternary loose rock pore water and bedrock fissure water, apparent water exists locally. Ground water table in mountain valleys and hilly basins is shallow, generally 2～10m，ground water table in low mountains and hilly areas is deep, mostly between 5～20m, seasonal variation of ground water is between 0.5～5.0m. The types of ground water in Songhuajiang alluvial plain and valley basin along the line are mainly quaternary loose rock pore water, some are confined aquifers. Generally ground water table is between 0.0～5.0m, seasonal variation 0.5～2.0m. Bedrock fissure water exists in deep layer. Generally, surface water and ground water in areas along the project won't erode concrete construction, only at some sections erosion of grade H1 may occur on concrete and steel structure. 4.1.6 Animal and plant resources 1. Plant resources As regards of plant flora, this area belongs to flora region of northeast of China, the same region as that of adjacent Amur Oblast and coastal region of far east Russia and north part of Korean peninsula. There are a variety of special plants in this area, representative specie of tree is Pinus koraiensis, the other species include conifer species, such as A-bies holophylla，taxaceae, ThujakoraiensisNakai, Larix olgensis etc., Acer triflorum，lavender basswood, little lavender basswood, Acer tegmentosum Maxim, and broadleaved tree species like Acer triflorum，lavender basswood, little lavender basswood, Acer tegmentosum Maxim, FraxinusmandshuricaRupr., Acer mandshuricum, Albizia kalkora, Juglans mandshuricaMaxim, Amur cork tree, Korea poplar Populus koreana etc., wide varieties of broadleaved tree exist in this region, some of them are 106 Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 4-2 Vegetation Characteristics along the Proposed Railway Alignment China Academy of Railway Science 107 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project epibiotic species of Tertiary ages, such as Juglans mandshuricaMaxim，Amur cork tree， Manchurian etc., plus potentilla reptans like ampelopsis brevipedunculata, Chinese magnolcavine fruit, not including typical herbaceous plant like ginseng, all these show the history of this region, it belongs to the Tertiary flora. This feature not only related to humid subtropical climate in geological history of this area and affected slightly by ice, but also to present maritime climate and the action of warm and humid monsoon in summer, so epibiotic species of Tertiary ages preserved, grown up and become the feature of south plant (subtropical) of this region. In addition, some kamchatka-okinawa plant exist here and there in this region，such as picea, Abies fargesii and other north species. Zonal native vegetation in the evaluated scope is Korean pine and conifer broad leaved mixed forests. Being influenced by manual activities including felling, the existing forests are primarily nature secondary forest and man-made forest, and also coniferous forest, mixed coniferous broad leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, except little native vegetation remaining in individual hilltop. The forest form is single-storied stand, and the forest species are mostly Quercus mongolica, Populus davidiana, birch, elm, maple, basswood, willow, Fraxinus mandshurica and Juglans mandshurica. Man-made forest is featured by larch, with major trees of Korean pine, Japanese red pine, spruce, fir, Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica, Pinus thunbergii, etc. Moreover, other breeds include Maackia amurensis, hawthorn, Malus baccata, sorb, Prunus padus, Rhamnus spp, Lonicera japonica, Lespedeza bicolor and hazelnut, as well as vegetation of sedge family, gramineae family and compositae family, etc. Economic vegetation includes Panax ginseng, Acanthopanax Senticosus, Gastrodia elata, Schisandra spp, Platycodon grandiflora, Angelica sinensis, Pteridium aquitinum, Osmunda japonica, Vitis amurensis and Actinidia arguta, etc. The agriculture along the line develops, and the river plain is predominated by paddy field, in which rice grows. Foothill, gentle slope and platform are predominated by dry field, in which corn, soybean, tomato, etc. In some hillside lands in Yanbian Prefecture, a wide area of fruit trees is planted in sunny slope with sufficient water. Vegetation along the alignment is characterized in Figure 4-2. 2. Animal resources Because this area has many forests and provides animals with relatively ideal habitation and reproduction places, there are many kinds of animals distributed in the area. Although the area is featured by temperate-zone animal area with more breeds (i.e. northern species), the distribution zone of southern-species birds may extend to this subregion. The animals of northern species are represented by Ochotona alpine, Lepus mandshuricus, sable and brown bear, and animals of southern species extending their habitats to the subregion include tiger, common goral, deer, etc. Birds of northern species include bonasa, Lyrurus tetrix, lark, etc, and birds of southern species extending their habitats to the subregion include Eurystomus orientalis, Halcyon pileata, Halcyon coromanda, Pericrocotus divaricatus, Oriolus chinensis, Ardea purpurea, Egretta alba, Gallinula chloropus, etc. The area has fishes of typical northern species including Diagramma pictus, Hucho taimen and lota, and also numerous southern species including Saurogobio, and Xenocypris argentea, etc. There are numerous benthic organisms, such as tubifex, tubificidae, shells and mussels, living in the waters within the Three-lake Reserve Area in Songhua River, and there are also more than 40 108 Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project kinds of fishes including chub, bighead carp, carp, bastard carp, mandarin fish, etc. Partial hills has animals of black bear, boar, fox, deer, sable, roe deer, pheasant, tree chicken, Maartes flavigula, Mustela sibirica, forest frog, etc. There are more than 150 kinds of higher animals in the Provincial Nature Reserves for Matsutake In Mingyue. Among of these animals, there are 28 kinds of beasts including black bear, red fox, wolf, raccoon, badger, leopard cat, sable, Mustela sibirica, Mustela altaica, red deer, roe deer, Lepus mandshuricus and squirrel, etc, 101 kinds of birds including goshawk, common buzzard, Circus melanoleucus, Merlin Falcon, Falco vespertinus, Common Kestrel, Bonasa bonasia, Phasianus colchicus, Streptopelia orientalis, Cuculus fugax, Cuculus micropterus, Cuculus canorus, Cuculus saturatus, Strix uralensis, Otus sunia, Halcyon coromanda, Eurystomus orientalis, hoopoe, Picus canus, Dendrocopos major, Dendrocopos leucotos, Dendrocopos minor, Pericrocotus divaricatus, Garrulus glandarius, Cyanopica cyana, magpie, Corvus macrorhynchos, Corvus corone and Phylloscopus proregulus, 8 kinds of reptiles including Eremias argus, Takydromus septentrionalis, Elaphe dione, Elaphe rufodorsata, Elaphe schrenckii and Agkistrodon halys, and 8 kinds of amphibious animals including Rana chensinensis, Hyla arborea, Japanese tree frog, Bufo gargarizans and Bornbina orientalis, etc. In the national fisheries species resources reserve area for salmon in Mijiang River in Huichun, there are nationally protective fishes, such as migration fishes of salmon (Oncorhynchus masou, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Oncorhynchus keta) and cold-water fishes of Brachymystax lenok, Leuciscus brandti, Lampetra japonicus, Salvelinus malma, etc. 4.1.7 Present Situation of Water and Soil Loss The line passed through by Jilin city and Yanbian Prefecture in Jilin Province. According to Notice about Classification of Major Area Preventive against Water and Soil Loss (JZF (1999) 30)) issued by People's Government of Jilin Province, the line passes by the areas including Dunhua City and Antu County classified as major protective areas, Yanji City, Tumen City and Longjing City classified as major supervision areas, and Jilin City, Jiaohe City and Huichun City classified as major treatment areas. There is approximately 6000km2 area subjected to water and soil loss in Jilin City, which accounts for 20% of total area of this city. The annual average soil erosion in Jilin City is up to 13.65m ton and the soil erosion modulus is 503t/(km2·a). There is approximately 3607km2 area subjected to water and soil loss in Yanbian Prefecture accounting for 8.3% of total area of this prefecture, and the soil erosion modulus is 1182t/(km2·a). Soil eroson characteristics along the proposed railway alignment is presented in Figure 4-3 4.2 Overview of Social Environment 4.2.1 Overview of Administrative Division, Population and Economy Jilin City is located at the Mountain Changbai backland of Northeast China, and faces water in three directions and is surrounded by mountains. The city is adjacent to Korean Autonomous Prefecture in the east, to Changchun City and Siping City in the west, to Heilongjiang Province in Chi A d f R il S i 109 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 4-3 Soil Erosion Characteristics along the Proposed Railway Alignment 110 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project the north, and to Liaoyuan City, Tonghua City and Baishan City in the south. The city is the second largest city in Jilin Province, and also the unique city in China that has the same name with its superior province. The city has jurisdiction over 4 districts (Changyi District, Chuanying District, Longtan District and Fengman District) and 5 counties or county-level cities (Yongji County, Shulan City, Panshi City, Jiaohe City and Huadian City), and it has total area of 2.71×104km2 and population density of 160 per km2. At the end of 2008, total population of the whole city was up to 4.34 million, and the GDP was CNY 130 billion with three industries’ proportion of 12.87:48.86:38.27. The city has fast economic development, and its GDP per capita is higher than that of China’s national average. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is located on the boundary of China, Russia and North Korea, hailed as Golden Triangle in Northeast Asia. The Prefecture is adjacent to Russia in the east (with border line of 246km), and to North Korea in the south (with border line of 522.5km). The Prefecture is major habitat of Korean people in China, and the population of Korean people accounts for 38% of the total people in the Prefecture and 43% of total Korean people in China. The Prefecture has jurisdiction over 6 county-level cities (Yanji City, Tumen City, Dunhua City, Longjing City, Huichun City and Helong City) and 2 counties (Antu County and Wangqing County). The Prefecture has total area of 4.27×104km2 approximately accounting for one quarter of total area of Jilin Province, with population density of 51 per km2. At the end of 2008, total population in the whole Prefecture was up to 2.19 million, and the GDP was CNY 38 billion with three industries’ proportion of 12.75:45.6:41.68. The Prefecture has slow economic development, and its GDP per capita is only 77% that of China's national average. The social and economic indexes of areas along the line in 2008 are detailed in Table 4-3. Table 4-3 Summary of Social and Economic Indexes of Areas along the Line in 2008 Yanbian Areas along Korean Jilin Nation the Indexes Unit Autonom Total City al line/national ous (%) Prefecture Land area 104km2 2.71 4.27 6.98 960 0.73 Ten Total thousand 434 219 652 132802 0.49 population persons Person / Population square 160 51 93 138 67.56 density kilometers CNY 100 GDP 1300 380 1680 300670 0.56 million First CNY 100 167 48 216 34000 0.63 industry million Second CNY 100 635 173 808 146183 0.55 industry million Third CNY 100 498 158 656 120487 0.54 industry million GDP per Yuan 29986 17357 25752 22640 113.74 capita Note: data source: statistical bulletin of areas in 2008 Administrative pertinent information is presented in Figure 4-4. Chi A d f R il S i 111 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 4-4 Administrative Areas along the Proposed Railway Alignment 112 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 4.2.2 Distribution and Development of Resources 4.2.2.1 Mineral Resources There are rich natural resources in the areas along the line, and the personal average occupancy of resources of land, waterpower, mines, forests and wild animals and plants is higher than that of China's national average. Especially, there is a great amount of reserves of waterpower sources, such as rivers and lakes including Songhua River, Mudan River and Tumen River, and Songhua Lake. Mineral resources include coal, oil, iron ore, natural gas, oil shale, gold, silver, limestone, perlite, mineral water and quartz sand, etc. 4.2.2.2 Tourism Resources There are unique tourism resources in the areas along the line. Jilin has famous tourist resorts attracting a great number of tourists at home and abroad, which include Rime Miracle; Deer Paddock in Mountain Longtan; Inscriptions on Cliffs in Ming Dynasty; Songhua Lake, the first summer lake in China; Jilin No.1 Stone Meteorite - the “visitorâ€? from outer space, the best resort of the world. The Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture has four classic tourist products of magical natural Landscape at Mountain Changbai, colorful Korean folkways, mysterious border feature of three countries, and outstanding ice and snow landscape at Tumen River. In 2008, the areas along the line received 16,989 million domestic tourists and 0.323 million foreign tourists; the tourist revenue was CNY 13.48 billion, earning foreign exchange of 86.082 million US$. 4.2.3 Present Situation and Development of Industry and Agriculture The areas along the line have advantages of rich resources, and establish their complete industrial system including chemicals, automobile, metallurgy, coal, electric power, construction materials, forests, textile, pharmaceuticals and food, etc. In 2008, industrial enterprises of designated size in the areas along the line completed CNY 57.14 billion of industrial value added. Industrial enterprises of designated size in Jilin City completed CNY 43.78 billion of industrial value added, with current-price increase of 30.2% (comparable-price increase of 17.3%). Large industrial enterprises completed 376.6×104t of raw coal output with an increase of 24.9% over the same period of previous year, 293.4×104t of steel with an increase of 8.9%, 434.1×104t of cement with an increase of 15.9%, 12.7 billion kWh of power generation with a decrease of 1.5%. Industrial enterprises above designated size in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture completed 13.36 billion of industrial value added, with an increase of 20.0% over the previous year calculated in the same caliber; in 2008 the whole prefecture realized 9.68 billion of value added in respect of food, pharmaceuticals, forests and energy minerals industries, with an increase of 18.9% over the previous year, and the value added accounts for 72.4% of industrial value-added above designated size. Agriculture in the areas along the line involves production of grains and vegetables including rice, corn and soybean, etc, and in 2008 the total value in respect of agriculture, forest, stock-raising and fishery industries was up to CNY 33.61 billion. In the same year, Jilin City realized CNY Chi A d f R il S i 113 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 11.71 billion of agricultural industry value with an increase of 16.6%, and 457.7×104t of grains with an increase of 17.1%, in which rice accounts for 116.1×104t with an increase of 4.2%, corns accounts for 309.5×104t with an increase of 20.3% and soybean accounts for 23.5×104t with an increase of 59.1%; in 2008 Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture realized CNY 7.89 billion of total value in respect of agriculture, forest, stock-raising and fishery industries, with an increase of 9.7% over the previous year, and 105.2×104t of gains with an increase of 12.1% over the previous year, reaching the newly highest in its history after a good grain harvest for continuously five years. 4.2.4 Present Situation and Development of Transportation At present, a comprehensive transportation system of railway, highway, waterway and aviation is established initially in the areas along the line. Railway: Main railways in the areas include transverse railways of Chang-Tu, Tu-Hui, Yan-Bai and longitudinal railways of Shen-Ji, Ji-Shu, La-Bin, Mu-Tu, Long-Feng, He-Long and Chao-Kai. In 2007, the capacity of passengers by railway in Jilin City was up to 8.11 million, and the capacity of freightage by railway was up to 1737×104t; the capacity of passengers by railway in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was up to 5.8 million, and the capacity of freight by railway was up to 546×104t. Highway: The areas along the line are passed by national highways of G302, G201 and G202, as well as Chang-tu Express Highway. In 2008, the turnover of passengers by highway in Jilin City was up to 2.09 billion km with an increase of 22.5% over the same period of the previous year, and the turnover of freightage was up to 19.6×108tkm with an increase of 37.9%; the capacity of freightage by highway in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was up to 3428×104t with an increase of 4.3% over the same period of the previous year, and the capacity of passengers by highway was up to 37.52 million with an increase of 6.3%. Civil aviation: Jilin City and Changchun City share Changchun Longjia International Airport, and flights to Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have been opened. Ertaizi Airport - original civil and military airport – is presently a 4C civil airport, mainly providing three airlines from Jilin to Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Yanji Airport is established as an international airport, in which many airlines from domestic cities to Seoul in Korea are opened. Waterway: Internal water transportation concentrates at the upstream of Songhua River. Because the Songhua River has a short high-water period and a long freezing period, the transportation over the River is limited. The wharf of Fengman Port in Jilin City has been built and put into operation. In 2008, the turnover of freightage by waterway in Jilin City was up to 10×104t km, and the turnover of passengers was up to of 19.45m km with an increase of 23.5% over the same period of the previous year. 4.3 Present Situation of Environmental Quality 4.3.1 Ecological Environment Jilin city belongs to lower hill country, and its southeast area is occupied by overlapping mountains, with rich vegetation and precipitation and developed rivers. Yanbian Prefecture is located at the Changbai Mountains, and its terrain declines to the southeast from southwest, 114 Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project northwest and northeast. The areas along the line are highly covered by forests, with good ecological environment. The areas have many ecological-sensitive zones and partial zones cannot be avoided completely, especially for the Class-two Water Source Reserves in Songhua River, Graveyard in Mountain Maoer, City in Mountain Longtan, Three-lake Reserves in Songhua River, Provincial Nature Reserves for Matsutake in Mingyue of Antu County, and National Fisheries Species Resources Reserves for Salmon in Mijiang River, etc. Land use pattern along the proposed railway alignment is presented in Figure 4-4. 4.3.2 Sound Environment According to the environmental quality bulletin (2009) issued by the Environment Protection Bureaus of Jilin City and Yanbian Prefecture, the equivalent sound level of environmental noise from downtown of Jilin City is 54.4 dB(A) with noise sources mainly consisting of transportation and living noises, and the average equivalent sound level of noise from transportation of the city is 69.8 dB(A); the equivalent sound level of environmental noise from downtown of Yanbian Prefecture is 52.4 dB(A), and the average equivalent sound level of noise from transportation of the city is 68 dB(A). The sound environment condition of rural area along the line is good, with noise source mainly consisting of living noise. 4.3.3 Water Environment The surface river system develops, mainly involving the water systems of Songhua River and Tumen River. Within the water system of Songhua River, the areas along the line are river source and upstream of Mudan River. Two-way Baihe River forms from Tianchi of Mountain Changbai at the river source to Liangjiangtun of Antu County, and the River meets the Gudong River near Liangjiangtun to form two-way Songhua River, which is the upstream of main stream of Songhua River. The main stream of Songhua River has good water quality, and among of 12 monitoring sections, 10 sections from Baishan Bridge and Linjiang Bridge and so on are of class-III water quality, and the remaining 2 sections from Zhenjiangkou and Xidazuizi are of class-IV water quality. The water quality of rivers in Songhua River Basin along the line is essentially class-III. Tumen River is sourced from eastern foothill of main peak of Mountain Changbai, and passes by Helong, Longjing, Tumen and Huichun. Main branches of the River include Hongqi River, Hailan River, Buerhatong River, Gaya River and Huichun River. Among of 5 monitoring sections from main stream of Tumen River, 2 sections from Chongshan and Nanping are of class-II and class-IV water quality, 2 sections from Tumen and Quanhe are of class-V water quality, and the section from the east of Tumen River is of inferiorly class-V water quality. 4.3.4 Atmospheric Environment According to the environmental quality bulletin of Jilin City and Yanbian Prefecture in 2009, the annual average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the downtown of Jilin City are respectively 0.020mg/m3, and 0.033mg/m3 and 0.095mg/m3, and they meet class-II criterion of Ambient Air Quality Standard (3095-1996) with main contaminant of PM10; the annual average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the downtown of Yanbian Prefecture are respectively Chi A d f R il S i 115 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 0.028mg/m3, and 0.034mg/m3 and 0.088mg/m3, and they meet class-II criterion of Ambient Air Quality Standard (3095-1996) with main contaminant of PM10. 116 Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 5. Ecological Environment Impact Evaluation 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Scope of Evaluation Scope of this ecological environment impact evaluation is determined by maintaining the ecological integrity of the proposed area and protecting the sensitive ecological objectives, as follows: Within the range of 300m away from the outer tracks of the line, range of ecological sensitive area shall be extended based on actual situation. Within the range of 100m away from the boundary of construction fields, fetching areas and spoil ground and other temporary sites. Within the range of 100m away from the both sides of the central line of construction access roads. 5.1.2 Contents of Evaluation Main contents of this ecological environment evaluation include: 1） Current ecological environment situation investigation and evaluation within the construction areas; 2） Evaluation of impacts of this project on vegetation resources alongside the line; 3） Evaluation of impacts of this project on wild animals alongside the line; 4） Evaluation of impacts of this project on land resources alongside the line; 5） Evaluation and analysis of impacts of bridge and tunnel projects on environment; 6） Evaluation and analysis of impacts of temporary projects on environment; 7） Analysis of possible soil and water loss caused by the project; 8） Evaluation of impacts of this project on important ecological sensitive areas alongside the line; 5.1.3 Evaluation Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods will be used for the evaluation based on field investigation and data collection. Based on field investigation and research and data collection, with the aid of remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) and other technical methods, combing with related information of land resources along the line, current ecological situation investigation analyzes the ecological system, vegetation type and distribution, land utilization situation, soil and water loss and other facts, and forecast and evaluate impacts of the project on ecological environment and sensitive protection objectives. Chi A d f R il S i 117 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Remote sensing image data processing: â‘  quality and phase of remote sensing image have great impact on precision and accuracy of vegetation data readings, so remote sensing images with same phases, having similar solar angles, while cloudless in the evaluation area and surface features in rich and clear information. â‘¡ using data of attitude and satellite position attached to the remote sensing images for system correction, and then using ground control points for geometry correction. â‘¢ with the aid of GPS, GIS and Arcview, build a direct interpretation symbol between prototype of surface features and satellite images based on field survey and information collected. Using land group analysis to create interpretation symbol and extract relative ecological environmental data of the evaluation area by supervising, analyzing and human interpretation. â‘£ with the help of GIS software, automatically get block number and area of different types and vegetation types, and classify, analyze and count the data. ⑤Using the software Arcview, Photoshop and CorelDraw to complete map editing of the ecological evaluation. Soil and water loss forecasting uses analogy method to analyze soil and water loss impacts. 'Soil erosion modulus' index is used to evaluate possible soil erosion caused by project construction. 5.2 Ecological Environment Current Situation Investigation and Forecasting Evaluation 5.2.1 Regional Ecological Function Zoning This project locates in Jilin Province starting from Jilin City in the west to Huichun City of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in the east. It passes through the Chanyi District, Longtan District and Jiaohe City within the area of Jilin City, and the Dunhua City, Antu County, Yanji City, Tumen City and Huichun City within the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. The operating railway line totals 365.352km of which 113.543km within the boundary of Jilin City and 251.809km within YanJi. The area the line passing through belongs to middle and low Taihang mountain area, with relatively flat valley basin distributed among the area. The terrain alongside the line is mainly hilly and basin. From the northwest to southeast, the line successively passes Songhua River alluvial plain, Laoyeling erosion in hilly areas, Jiaohe basin, Wei Hu Ling erosion in the low mountains, Dunhua basin, Haerbaling low mountains, canyon area of the Buerha river, Yanji Basin, the Buerha River Canyon, low mountains and hilly areas on the left shore of Tumen Jiang, and Huichun Basin. The areas the line passing through are rich in water with many rivers, which belong to the Songhua River and the Tumen River system. According to the ecological function zoning of Jilin Province. In Class I zoning, the line is located Changbai Mountain ecological zone in eastern Jilin, a temperate mixed coniferous zone, having the most abundant biological resources in Jilin Province. Total forest area covers 631.67km2 amounting 72.3% of that of Jilin Province. Plants belong to Changbai flora, mixed forest with pine broadleaves and needles is the climax community for zonal vegetation. In Class II zoning, the area along the line respectively belongs to Eastern Jilin ecological sub-regions in hilly forest, Changbai Mountain lava middle-low forestry ecological sub-zone, and Tu-Sui middle-low forestry fruit ecological sun-zone. In Class III zoning, it respectively belongs to the Songhua Lake flood regulation and storage and landscape protection ecological functional zone, the Lafa River basin water reservation and forestry ecological functional area, middle-low mountains water conversation and forestry ecological functional area in upper Mudanjiang, water reservation and 118 Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project forestry ecological functional area of the Buerhatong River basin, Yanji town and forestry & farming & fruit ecological functional area, and ecological tourism and forestry & farming & fruit ecological functional area of Huichun Valley. According to the ecological functional area zoning of Jilin Province, corresponding policy and development of different ecological areas are as follows: ï?¬ The Songhua Lake flood regulation and storage and landscape protection ecological functional zone: (1) Strengthen the Songhua Lake ecological environment and the recovery of mixed coniferous forest to conserve water resources, reserve soil and water and clear environment. (2) increase efforts to control the environment of Jilin chemical industrial zone, promote recycling economy and ecological industry, increase research funding to study the recycling of water and reduce effluent emissions. (3) it is prohibited to let heavy pollution enterprises settle down in this area. (4) exploit tourism resources in this area, develop Jilin Scenic Tour featured by Songhua Lake and drive economic development in this area. ï?¬ The Lafa River basin water reservation and forestry ecological functional area: (1) Plan forest rationally, establish forest age structure, tree structured mixed coniferous forest ecosystems. Develop forest economy. (2) use water resources rationally, regulate surface water and atmospheric precipitation as small watershed, control the occurrence of flood to reduce losses. (3) adjust crop planting structure, foster high-yield crop varieties resisting to low temperature, make full use of the flat river valley terraces and where having relatively abundant water and heat conditions to develop special eco-agriculture. (4) rationally develop and protect the tourism resources, mineral resources in this area and strictly control the number and size of artificial architectures in the tourism area. ï?¬ Middle-low mountains water conversation and forestry ecological functional area in upper Mudanjiang: (1) Water conservation and soil conservation. Focus on protecting quality of water and forest ecosystem in upper Mudanjiang. Strictly control forest harvesting, restore forest ecosystem and their functions. (2) establish city eco-economy zone, rationally develop and use underground water resources, and prevent 'three wastes' polluting surface water. (3) moderately develop agricultural land, control non-point source pollution and soil erosion. (4) rationally develop and nurture medicinal raw material base, develop and grow the medicine production base that has begun to take shape. ï?¬ Water reservation and forestry ecological functional area of the Buerhatong River basin: (1) strengthen soil and water conservation and water reserving forest construction, strictly control excessive harvesting of trees, return farmland to forest. (2) avoid excessive farmland reclamation, prevent soil and water loss to preserve water resources. (3) increase nursery, cultivate high-quality species, protect gene pool and biodiversity. (4) control 'three wastes' discharge in town, and quantity of pesticide and chemical fertilizer to protect water quality of the Buerhatong River. (5) strengthen construction of tricholoma matsutake protection area in Longjing Tianfo Mountain. (6) develop ecological agriculture and ecological forest & fruit industry using the advantages of regional resources. ï?¬ Yanji town and forestry & farming & fruit ecological functional area: (1) Protect urban ecosystems, strengthen the comprehensive management of urban environment and improve regional environmental quality. (2) Strengthen the forestry construction, control soil and water loss, improve the comprehensive treatment rate of wastewater and water quality of Tumen Jiang. (3) develop ecological agriculture and special forest industry using the advantage of climate. (4) construction of enterprises with heavy pollution and sewage discharge is prohibited. ï?¬ Ecological tourism and forestry & farming & fruit ecological functional area of Huichun Valley: (1) return farmland to forest, speed up the recovery of biodiversity and construction of mixed coniferous landscape in the hilly area, functioning as soil and water conservation, water conservation and flood storage. (2) speed up the construction of Huichun as a border trade port, transfer the resources advantages into eco-industrial advantages as soon as possible, and develop border tourism and tourism agriculture. (3) control utilization of chemical fertilizer and pesticide and develop ecological agriculture. Chi A d f R il S i 119 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Summary of Involved Ecological Function Zoning alongside the Line and Coordination Analysis Scope of  Ecological function  railway  Ecological requirement  Coordination analysis  zoning  mileage  Strengthen the Songhua  Sewage from stations along the line  The Songhua Lake  Lake ecological  is discharged after conforming to  flood regulation and  environment and the  standards or entered the city sewage  DK0～ storage and  recovery of mixed  pipe network. Strengthen greening  DK30  landscape protection  coniferous forest; it is  on both sides of the line. Nonâ€?heavy  ecological functional  prohibited to let heavy  polluting industry of the railway  zone  pollution enterprises settle  project meets the regional  down in this area  ecoâ€?functional requirements.  Construction shall minimize the  occupation of forest land, mostly use  The Lafa River basin  Plan forest rationally,  tunnels and bridges. Distribute tree  water reservation  establish forest age  DK30～ species along the embankment  and forestry  structure, tree structured  DK110  slope, strengthen greening of the  ecological functional  mixed coniferous forest  stations along the line and under  area  ecosystems  bridges. Meet the regional  ecoâ€?functional requirements  Construction shall minimize the  occupation of forest land and the  deforestation. Forest trees within  Middleâ€?low  the permanent occupied land shall  Focus on protecting quality  mountains water  be moved or used for greening along  of water and forest  DK110～ conversation and  the line. Sewage from stations along  ecosystem in upper  DK190  forestry ecological  the line is discharged after  Mudanjiang. Strictly control  functional area in  conforming to standards or entered  forest harvesting  upper    Mudanjiang  the city sewage pipe network to  protect water quality in upper  Mudanjiang. Meet the regional  ecoâ€?functional requirements.  Construction shall minimize the  occupation of forest land and the  strengthen soil and water  deforestation. Strengthen greening  Water reservation  conservation and water  on both sides of the line. Sewage  and forestry  reserving forest  from stations along the line is  DK190～ ecological functional  construction, strictly  discharged after conforming to  DK255  area of the  control excessive harvesting  standards or entered the city sewage  Buerhatong River  of trees, return farmland to  pipe network to protect water  basin  forest; protect water quality  quality of Buerhatong River. Meet  of the Buerhatong River    the regional ecoâ€?functional  requirements.  Strictly control the scope and scale  Protect urban ecosystems;  of the land the project occupied.  Yanji town and  control soil and water loss;  Take positive measures to minimize  DK255～ forestry & farming &  construction of enterprises  soil and water loss. Nonâ€?heavy  DK295  fruit ecological  with heavy pollution and  polluting industry of the railway  functional area  sewage discharge is  project meet the regional  prohibited  ecoâ€?functional requirements.  120 Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Strengthen greening on both sides of  the slope, avoid choosing one single  Ecological tourism  return farmland to forest,  species. Select mixed conifer and  and forestry &  speed up the recovery of  broadleaf better for planting  DK295～ farming & fruit  biodiversity and  providing better landscape. Build  DK361  ecological functional  construction of mixed  better look landscape green belt on  area of Huichun  coniferous landscape in the  both sides of the line. Meet the  Valley  hilly area  regional ecoâ€?functional  requirements.   5.2.2 Analysis of Land Use and Cover Characteristics It is the basis for ecological impact evaluation to find out the status of land use within the evaluated area. Using TM image information, based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), build a direct interpretation symbol between prototype of surface features and satellite images based on field survey and text and image information collected. Using land group analysis to create interpretation symbol and explain land use situation of the evaluation area by supervising, analyzing and human interpretation. Land use types of the evaluation area are mainly: forest land, farmland, land for construction, grassland, unused land and tidal flat land (see Figure: 5-2-1). Most of them are forest land and farmland. Grassland, unused land and tidal flat land are few. Chi A d f R il S i 121 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 5-2-1(a) Land Use along the Proposed Railway Alignment 122 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 5-2-1(b): Pictures of Land Use Types alongside the Line Areas of various land use types within the range of 300m on both sides of the line are listed in Table 5-2-1.   Chi A d f R il S i 123 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Table 5-2-1: Current Situation of Land Use Within the Evaluation Area Area  Percent    Number of  Percent of Number of  Land Use Type  (hm2)  (%)  Patches  Patches (%)  Forest land  12138.3  49.86%  50  20.41%  Farmland    10072.2  41.37%  73  29.9%  Grassland    425.6  1.75%  19  7.84%  Land for  1206  4.95%  88  36.28%  construction  Unused land  413.4  1.69%  8  3.1%  Water area  91  0.38%  6  2.47%  Total    24346.5  100%  244  100%    The wetland alongside the line is mainly distributed in the valley in two types of freshwater marshes and shrub swamps. Herb of freshwater marshes is carex and Carex meyeriana, and herb of shrub swamp is Spiraea Salicifolia and Sorbaria kirilowii, distributed in the valley from Haerba Ling to Dashitou within the range of CK184~CK190+300. Type line of this section is bridge, total three bridges 1024m. All bridges use standard beams with a span of 32m and 32 bridge piers. The project passes through the above regions in the form of bridges to ensure runoff within the wetland flowing smoothly which will not block energy flow and logistics flow and affect the stability and integrity of the wetland. The impact of projects on wetland is that excavation of the pier requires occupation of wetlands, causing a certain degree of damage. According to preliminary estimation, there will be 32 bridge piers that might damage 830m2 wetlands. It is recommended to transplant the 830m2 wetlands within the construction area to a chosen suitable site for protection, the costs may be incurred from the construction. 5.2.3Current Situation of Vegetation Resources alongside the Line 1. Characteristics of flora In terms of florae, the plants in the region belong to that of the Northeastern China. There are many unique plants in the region. The trees are represented by the red pine. Other trees include abies holophylla maxim, taxales, thuja koraiensis, changbai larch,etc. Among the broad-leaf species are acer triflorum, purple flower bass, small purple flower bass, Manchu triple maple, Manchurian ash, Manchurian maple, lebbektree, Manchurian walnut, cork-tree, Korean poplar and so on. These broad-leaf species are in a great variety, and some belong to the tertiary relic species, such as Manchurian walnut, cork-tree, Manchurian ash, etc. . The above species, together with the vine amur grape and schizandra sinensis, etc., not mention that the typical herbal plant like ginseng not counted in yet, are sufficient to demonstrate this flora is ancient, belonging to the tertiary florae system. This phenomena is not only due to the humid subtropical climate in this region in the geologic history but also less glacial influence. Also, under the effect of both modern maritime climate and the warm and humid monsoon in China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project the summer, these tertiary relic species can survive and have growth and development, （ thereby adding southern subtropical）plant characteristics to this region. Besides, this region is also mixed with the Kamchatka-Okhotsk's floral element, such as some northern tree species--picea, fir, etc. 2. overview of vegetation cover in the scope of assessment The zonal native vegetation in the region along the line is the red pine mixed broadleaf-conifer forest. Except little indigenous vegetation still exist on very few hill tops due to influences of human activities such as logging, etc., the existing forest lands are mainly natural secondary forest and man-made forest like needle forest, needle-broad-leave mixed forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, mainly in the regular forest forms. They are mainly Mongolian oak, aspen, birch, ulmus, acer, bass, willow, Manchurian ash, Manchurian walnut, etc. The principal species of the man-made forest, mainly formed by larch, are red pine, Japanese red pine, picea, fir, Mongolian scotch pine, Japanese black pine, etc. Besides, there are lebbektree , hawthorn, malus baccatasorbit, bird cherry, rhamus, woodbine, lespedeza, hazel and sedge family, graminaceae, oonopsis , etc. The economic plants mainly include ginseng, manyprickle acanthopanax, rhizoma gastrodiae, Chinese magnoliavine, balloonflower, angelica, turkey foot fern, osmunda cinnamomea, amur grape, bower actinidia fruit, etc. The agriculture along the line is developed. The flat lands along the river are mostly the paddy field growing rice. Mountain side, gentle slope and terrace land are mostly the dry land mainly growing crops like maize, soybean and potato. A large areas of fruit trees are grown in the sunny slopes with rich water sources on some hills and hillside fields in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. According to the investigation and survey findings on the woods in the sensitive area and the sample ares in other regions, no antique and precious trees are found yet. If such trees are found in construction, they should be reported to the competent authorities in time according to the requirements of the relevant state laws and regulations and protected or transplanted as required. According the spot survey along the line, the ecological public welfare forests are mostly distributed in the following stretches: DK4~DK9, DK45～DK55 and DK135～DK140, mainly larch woods and mixed broadleaf-conifer woods, usually on the upper parts of the mountain where it is less affected by man's activities due to inconvenient traffic. This project goes through the above areas mostly in the form of tunnel with the tunneling length taking above 70% of the total length, therefore causing less effect on the ecological public welfare forests. 3. Survey of vegetation cover in the sample areas In order to better understand the ecological status of both the Three Lakes Provincial-Level China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Reserve on Songhua Jiang River and An Tu Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve as well as the engineering construction's influence on them, in the environmental appraisal, the owner commissioned the forestry survey & design institute of Jilin Province to prepare the special evaluation report for the above two sensitive area. In this regard, the inventory survey on vegetation cover inside the above sensitive areas is mainly based on the woods general investigation. For the non-sensitive areas along the line, the investigator chose different forest lands to carry out the sample area survey(see Figure 5-2-2) based on florea characteristics while considering the distribution pattern of the vegetation cover in the engineering zone along the line, including Mongolian oak, larch, aspen, birch, ulmus, lime, Manchurian ash, Manchurian walnut, red pine, Japanese Red pine, picea, fir, etc. The size of the sample area for arborous layer is 20m×30m. The log scaling is done for measurement of diameter at breast height and tree height, and the biological mass of the arborous layer in sample area is calculated by the relative growth equation. The size of the shrub-layer's sample areas is 5m× 5m, and the size of the herbaceous layer's sample area is 1m×1m. Refer to Table 4-2-2 for the investigation and survey results of the biological mass for the forest lands along the line, and Table 5-2-3 for those about the biological mass for the farmland vegetation cover along the line. See Table 5-2-4～5-2-12 for details about sample areas' results. Generally, the plant species along the line are similar without visible change, and the agricultural vegetation cover takes a big proportion in basin plain region while forest cover in high proportion in hills and mountainous region. The state-level and provincial-level wild plants along the line are mainly distributed in Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve on Songhua Jiang and Pine Mushroom Provincial-Level Nature Reserve, and only one kind of （ wild plant Manchurian ash）under state key protection was found in the sample area survey for non-sensitive area. According to the survey results of the sensitive areas and the sample areas' survey results of common areas, the wild plants under state key protection in the project area are red pine, Manchurian ash, cork-tree, Manchurian walnut, Amur linden and Wild groundnut, mostly in sporadic distribution. Red pine, Amur linden, Manchurian ash, cork-tree and Japanese red pine are not found in aggregated distribution. Distribution pattern of the wild plants under state key protection in the project area is listed in the table below. Summary on distribution of wild plants under the state key protection in the project area Name of Protection Habitat Number(tree Latin name Distribution zone species category characteristic trunk) State Pinus Scattered or DK29+492~ DK80+330, Red pine 3538 Category koraiensis aggregated in the DK199~DK240 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project II mixed broadleaf-conifer forest Scattered in the State Manchurian Fraxinus mixed DK26+040~ DK80+430, Category 74 ash mandshurica broadleaf-conifer DK199~DK240 II forest Scattered in the State Phellodendron mixed DK28+635~ DK29+160, Cork-tree Category 20 amurensis broadleaf-conifer DK199~DK240 II forest State Mixed Amur Tilia DK31+280~ DK31+335, Category broadleaf-conifer 39 linden amurensis DK199~DK240 II forest State Aggregated on Wild Category Glycine soja forest roadside 55 DK31+917~ DK32+150 groundnut II or hillside prairie Scattered in the State Manchurian Juglans mixed Category 67 DK29+500~ DK80+000 walnut mandshurica broadleaf-conifer II forest Total 3793 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Figure 5-2-2 Survey of vegetation cover along the line China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Table 5-2-2 Sample Survey Results of Forestry Average Average Shade diameter at Biomass of Biobass of Biobass of Total Type of Altitude height of tree layer Shrub layer herb layer location density breast biomass forestry （m） tree （%） height(cm) （t/hm2） （t/hm2） （t/hm2） (t/hm2) layer(cm) (cm) Q. mongolica Yanjishuinan Village 260 0.9 15.5 13.8 102.3 13.6 1.14 117.0 forest Willow Tumenquanshui Tun 183 0.8 16.3 14.1 111.4 1.5 0.9 113.8 stand Populus davidiana Longjinglaotougou 273 0.6 12.2 6.4 28.3 3.6 0.7 32.6 betula sp Antudasihtou 538 0.7 14.3 5.5 109.2 1.1 2.3 112.6 larch tree forest Dunhuaqiuligou 502 0.8 16.8 13.6 161.5 5.2 1.4 168.1 spruce forest Dunhuaweihuling 535 0.9 14.5 14.2 156.2 2.1 1.1 159.4 fir forest Jiaohehuangsongdian 490 0.8 12.4 15.4 132.8 1.9 0.7 135.4 Elm Forest Jiaohebaishi 336 0.7 13 9.3 99.8 3.2 1.3 104.3 Mountain Jilin Longtan Bass forest 223 0.6 16.5 10.7 116.3 1.5 0.9 118.7 Xiaodonggou Table 5-2-3 Sample Survey Results of Farmland Type of Altitude Average height location Average Cover（%） Biomass(t/hm2) forestry （m） (cm) Yanji Bronze Corn Statue of 153 95 1.9 13.6 Buddha Dunhua Soya Bean 168 95 0.6 11.2 Dachuan Tun potato Tumenshimen 230 90 0.4 9.8 Huichun Rice 77 85 0.5 8.5 Jianshe Tun Table 5-2-4 Sample of Q. mongolica Forest Location: Shuinan Village of Yanji City Altitute: 260m Slope：25° Slope aspect:NW30° Geographic coordinates: 129.62°E, 42.92°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 90% Dominate Layer Type Average height(m) Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species Mongolian secondary arbor oak forest 13.8 15.5 102.3 Corylus secondary arbor mandshurica vegetation 3 7 7.6 Ulmus secondary macrocarpa shrub vegetation 2.5 3 6.0 Melampyrum secondary herbage roseum vegetation 1 0.64 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project secondary herbage Yam vegetation 1.5 0.5 Table 5-2-5 Sample of Willow Stand Location: Tumenquanshui Tun Altitute: 183m Slope：35° Slope aspect: SE35° Geographic coordinates: 129.79°E, 42.93°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 80% Dominate Layer Type Average height(m) Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species arbor secondary Willow stand 14.1 16.3 111.4 forest Corylus secondary mandshurica shrub vegetation 4 5 0.9 Crataegus secondary dahurica shrub vegetation 3 4 0.6 secondary Carex pilosa herbage vegetation 1 0.9 Table 5-2-6 Sample of Populus Davidiana Location: Longjin city laotougou Altitute: 273m Slope：20° Slope aspect: NE31° Geographic coordinates: 129.23°E, 42.93°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 60% Average Dominate species Layer Type Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) height(m) Secondary Aspen Arbor 6.4 12.2 28.3 forest Secondary Spiraea ussuriensis Shrub 1.5 1.5 2 vegetation Secondary lespedeza Shrub 4.4 2.0 1.6 vegetation agrimony Secondary Herbage 0.6 0.4 vegetation Eriophorum Secondary Herbage 1 0.3 vegetation Table 5-2-7 Sample of Birch Location: antudashitou town Altitute: 538m Slope：15° Slope aspect: SW26°° Geographic coordinates: 128.47°E, 43.29°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 70% Dominate Layer Type Average height(m) Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species Secondary Aspen Arbor 5.5 14.3 109.2 forest Secondary lespedeza Shrub 4.6 1.3 0.6 vegetation Spiraea Secondary Shrub 3.5 2.0 0.5 salicifolia L. vegetation Sanguisorba Secondary Herbage 0.6 1.0 filiformis vegetation Maianthemum Secondary Herbage 1.5 1.3 bifolium vegetation Table 5-2-8 Sample of Larch forest Location: Dunhuaqiuligou town Altitute: 502m Slope：10° Slope aspect: NE32° Geographic coordinates: 128.14°E, 43.50°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 80% China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Dominate Layer Type Average height(m) Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species Secondary Larch Arbor 13.6 16.8 161.5 forest Lonicera Secondary Shrub 3.6 1.2 2.9 japonica vegetation Spiraea Secondary salicifolia Shrub 3.0 2.0 2.3 vegetation L. Thalictrum Secondary Herbage 0.8 0.8 squarrosum vegetation Saussurea Secondary Herbage 0.7 0.4 sp vegetation Table 5-2-9 Sample of Spruce forest Location: Dunhuaweihuling town Altitute: 535m Slope：18° Slope aspect: NE22° Geographic coordinates: 127.82°E, 43.55°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 90% Dominate Layer Type Average height(m) Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species Secondary Spruce Arbor 14.2 16.5 156.2 forest Lonicera Secondary Shrub 2.0 1.2 1.0 japonica vegetation Secondary Birdcherry Shrub 2.5 2.0 1.1 vegetation Oxalis Secondary Herbage 0.5 1.1 tuberosa vegetation Table 5-2-10 Sample of Fir Forest Location: Jiaohehuangsongdian town Altitute: 490m Slope：12° Slope aspect: NE15° Geographic coordinates: 127.74°E, 43.59°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 80% Dominate Average Layer Type Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species height(m) Secondary Fir Arbor 15.4 12.4 132.8 forest Secondary Pyrus decora Shrub 3.0 1.5 1.0 vegetation Lonicea caerulea Secondary L. Shrub 2.6 1.6 0.9 vegetation Secondary Mitella nuda Herbage 0.6 0.7 vegetation Table 5-2-11 Smaple of Elm Forest Location: Jiaohebaoshishan town Altitute: 336m Slope：30° Slope aspect: NW35° Geographic coordinates: 127.44°E, 43.63°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 70% Dominate Layer Type Average height(m) Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species Secondary Elm Arbor 9.3 13.0 99.8 forest Erberry Secondary Shrub 3.6 2.3 2.1 vegetation Acanthopanax Secondary Shrub 3.0 2.6 1.1 Senticosus vegetation Secondary Sege Herbage 0.7 1.3 vegetation China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Table 5-2-12 Sample of Bass Forest Location: Jilinlongtanxiaodonggou town Altitute: 223m Slope：10° Slope aspect: NE22° Geographic coordinates: 126.70°E, 43.76°N Tree layer: Quadrat size: 20×30 m2 Shed density: 60% Dominate Average Layer Type Mean DBH (cm) Biomass(t/hm2) species height(m) Secondary Bass Arbor 10.7 16.5 116.3 forest Spiraea Secondary Shrub 3.5 1.8 0.8 salicifolia L. vegetation False spiraea Secondary Shrub 2.8 2.0 0.7 vegetation Twoleaf Secondary beadruby herb Herbage 0.7 0.9 vegetation China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Figure 5-2-3 Vegetation Pattern along the Railway Alignmetn China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project 5.2.4 Current Situation of Wild Animal Resources alongside the Line and Impacts Analysis As there are many forests in this region, which provides perfect habitats and multiplyin place to the animals, a number of animal species are distributed here. Although this region has the characteristic of more animals in extratropical zone, i.e. , more Northern types of animals, the distribution region of the southern-type birds is also extended to this region. The beasts of the northern species are represented by alpine pika , rabbit of northeast China, sable, Ursus arctos, etc. The southern-type beasts extended to this subregion include tiger, goral, spotted deer , etc. The northern type birds include hazel grouse, blackcock, skylark, etc. and the southern type ones extended to this subregion include eurystomus orientalis, halcyon pileata, halcyon coromanda, pericrocotus divaricatus, driolus chinensis, ardea purpurea, ardea alba, gallinula chloropus, etc. The fish distribution includes both the typical northern-type species, like brachymystax lenok, Hucho taimen, burbot, etc. and numerous southern-type ones, like saurogobio dabryi, xenocypris argentea, etc. ï?¬ There are many benthonic organism in the water area in the Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve on Songhua Jiang, like tubifex, Limnodrilus, ancylus fluviatilis, mussel, etc. , which keep more than 40 species of fishes like chub, big-head carp, carp, golden carp, mandarin fish, etc. In some mountain forests are black bear, wild boar, fox , spotted deer, sable, capreolus pygargus, blackcock, tetrao urogallus, yellow-throated marten, yellow weasel, rana temporaria, etc. ï?¬ In the Ming Yue pine mushroom provincial-level nature reserve, there are more than 150 kinds of higher animals including 28 kinds of beasts, like black bear, red fox, wolf, raccoon dog, meles meles, tiger-cat, sable, yellow weasel, alpine weasel, red deer, capreolus pygargus, rabbit of Northeast China and squirrel. There are 101 kinds of birds, like goshawk, buteo buteo, circus melanoleucos, falco columbarius, falco vespertinus, kestrel, hazel grouse, ring necked pheasant, streptopelia orientalis, cuculus fugax, cuckoo, cuculus micropterus, cuculus canorus, cuculus saturatus, ural owl, otus scops, ruddy kingfisher, eurystomus orientalis, upupa epops, picus canus gmelin, great spotted woodpecker, picoides leucotos, picoides minor, pericrocotus divaricatus, garrulus glandarius, cyanopica cyana, pie, large-billed crow, carrion crow, phylloscopus proregulus, etc.There are eight kinds of reptiles, like eremias argus, takydromus septentrionalis, dione rat-snake, elaphe rufodorsata, elaphe schrenckii, pit viper , etc. There are eight kinds of amphibious animals, like Chinese frog, hyla immaculata, hyla of northeast China , bufo bufo gargarizans , oriental fire bellied toad, etc. ï?¬ There are fishes under state special protection in the Hun Chun Mi Jiang He Oriental Salmon State-Level Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve, like migration China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project fishes--salmon（cherry salmon, humpbacked salmon, oriental salmon）and cold-water , fishes--brachymytax lenok pallas, tribolodon brandti, lamprey-eel ,salvelinus malma, etc. According to the survey and assessment, there are total 20 kinds of State Category II Key Special Protected Animals, including 15 kinds of birds like mandarin duck, goshawk, eurasian sparrowhawk, accipiter virgatus, buteo buteo, buteo hemilasius, buteo lagopus, circus melanoleucos, circus cyaneus, eurasian hobby, falco vespertinus , kestrel, ural owl, asio flammeus, and hazel grouse. There are five kinds of beasts like red deer, black bear, wild boar, capreolus pygargus and lynx . Table 5-2-13 Summary on the species of the wildlife under state special protection in the ecological sensitive area along the line Name of Protection Latin name Distribution species category Songhua Jiang State Zuraw stepowy Anthropoides virgo Three-Lake Nature Catogery II Reserve White-naped Songhua Jiang State Grus vipio Crane Three-Lake Nature Catogery II Songhua Jiang State Common crane Grus grus Three-Lake Nature Catogery II Songhua Jiang State Mandarin duck Aix galericulata Three-Lake Nature Catogery II Songhua jiang Three-lake Provincial-Level Reserve; Ming Yue Pine State Red deer Cervus elaphus Mushroom Nature Catogery II Reserve and Mt. Wei Wu Ling and Mt. Ha Er Ba Ling Region Songhua jiang Three-lake Provincial-Level State Black bear Selenarctos thibetanus Reserve; Ming Yue Pine Catogery II Mushroom Nature Reserve and Mt. Wei China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Name of Protection Latin name Distribution species category Wu Ling and Mt. Ha Er Ba Ling Region Ming Yue Pine State Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Mushroom Nature Catogery II Reserve Ming Yue Pine State Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Mushroom Nature Catogery II Reserve Ming Yue Pine State Hazel grouse Tetrastes bonasia Mushroom Nature Catogery II Reserve Ming Yue Pine State Ural Owl Strix uralensis Mushroom Nature Catogery II Reserve In most area of the region along the line, villages, people and traffic lines are relatively aggregated with more human activities. So this gives tense disturbance to the wildlife whose population are less here and distributed in narrow zone. This region is dominated by the ecological landscapes of farmland and forest land and short of extensive natural forests, and on both sides of the railway are small area of man-made forests. The beast resources are scare in the scope of appraisal along the line, and there are no big beast inhabitation. According to the field survey, visit and data records, the number of wildlife in the appraisal area is small and the species with reasonable quantity of individuals is not found yet, nor particular fixed habitat for certain kind of animal. The beast under state key protection is not found in the field survey either. . 5.2.5 The current situation of water loss and soil erosion along the line This line goes through Jilin Municipality of Jilin Province and Yan Bian Prefecture. The soil and water losses along the line are dominated by the water erosion with the intensities mostly as minimal and slight. For the difference in topography, less intensity for basin plain and more tense for mountanious and hilly region. For the difference in land use, the tensity of loss in farmland is bigger than those in forests land and grasslands. For regional distribution, the area and intensity of Jinlin Municipality is less than those in Yan Bian Prefecture.Refer to Table 5-2-14 for the soil and water losses within one kilometer on both sides of the project line. Table 5-2-14 Summary on the soil and water losses along the project’s route China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Erosion Proportion of area Number of Proportion of patch Area （hm2） intensity （%） patches number（%） Minimal 57664 82.8 336 73.36 Slight 10301.29 14.7 85 18.56 Moderate 1638.5 2.475 34 7.42 Severe 17.5 0.025 3 0.66 Total 69621.29 100 458 100 According to Jilin Province's Government's “Bulletin on Division of Key Preventive Zones （Ji Zheng Fa 〔1999〕 30） the following areas where the line Against Soil and Water Lossesâ€? no. , goes through on the list: Dun Hua Municipaltiy and An Tu County as the key protective zones, and Yan Ji Municipalty, Tu Men Municipality and Long Jing as key supervision zones, and Ji Lin Municipality's urban area, Jiao He Municiplaty and Hun Chun Municipality as key harnesing zones.Total area of the soil and water losses in Jilin Municiplaity is nearly 6000km2, taking about 20% of the city's total land area. Nearly 3607km2 of soil erosion in Yan Bian, taking about 8.3% of its total land area. According to soil erosion type zoning nationwide, the permitted intensity along the line is 200t/km2·a 5.2.6 The current situation and evaluation of integrity of the ecological system Status of the ecosystem integrity is to be assessed in terms of production capacity and stability of the natural system in the region where the railway is planned to be built. This is because the core of the regional natural system is organism and the organism is capable of adapting to the environmental change and reproduction, which can remedy the disturbed natural system and maintain its balanced state in fluctuation. When the man's disturbance exceeds the biologic remedy(regulation) capacity, the natural system will lose its capacity of maintaining its balance, causing the system to decline from higher level to lower one. Therefore the production capacity and stable condition will be taken as factors of first choice for identification of uncontamination ecological impact. 1. Survey and assessment of the vegetation cover’s productivity The vegetational productivity and the biological mass in the appraisal area can be reckoned by survey on the biological mass of typical vegetation pattern and the vegetation chart along the line. Refer to Table 5-2-15. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Table 5-2-15 Statistics of the net produc tivity and biolog ical mass fo r the vegeta tion pa tte rns on both sides o f the line Average Total Average net Vegetation biological biological Area(km2) productivity pattern mass mass [t/(hm2.a)] 2 （kg/m ） （10,000t） Forest land 121.38 8.15 12.5 Farmland 100.72 7.1 1.1 Grassland 4.26 4.67 1.5 Construction 163.8 12.06 0.13 0.3 land Water body 0.91 0.01 0.2 Total 239.33 7.21 6.85 Note： Average net productivity in the table based on smith, 1976. From the above Table, the average productivity in the appraisal area is 7.21t/hm2.a, far above the bearing capacity threshold for the ecosystem of this class: 1.82t/hm2.a（see Odum, 1959 for details）, therefore this ecosystem has strong bearing capacity and can endure the disturbance at a quite level. But as the productivity is average and some areas' productivity levels may be below 1.82t/hm2.a, man's incessant exploration and construction is bound to reduce them gradually. Therefore, in order to maintain the appraisal area's productivity at the current level, the destroyed vegetation cover must be ecologically restored in time 2. The natural system’s stable condition As the average net primary productivity of the vegetation cover in the region where the railway is to be built is at high level and the region also has rich and diverse biologic resources and vegetation patterns, therefore its ecosystem is strong both in restoring stability and resisting stability and has strong stability. Nonetheless, due to human disturbance in the last years, the ecological environment in this region has been slowly declining. To mitigate the human influence, the engineering construction must follow the order of nature with the natural vegetation under careful protection. Only in this way can the project be completed with less or no destruction to local ecological environment to realize the harmony of environmental protection and economic development 5.2.7Assessment of the ecological quality of the landscape The forest eco-system, farmland ecosystem and urban ecosystem in the area under assessment are regularly arranged and formed in a certain order. Therefore, this area has become the carrier of the ecosystems, which is within the landscape ecosystem. The quality of the landscape ecosystem is subject to the complicated interactions between the natural environment, China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project organisms and the human society in the area. From the point of view of the landscape ecological structure and functions matching, the reasonability of the construction depends on the maintenance of the ecological integrity of the ecosystem in the area. The landscape ecosystem is composed of the patches, corridors and matrix. Matrix is the geographical background of the landscape, an important element of the landscape and largely determines whether the function of the landscape is good or poor. Therefore, when the attribute of the matrix of an area is determined, the area can be evaluated for its ecological integrity. There are three criteria for determining the matrix: a large relative area, a high connectivity degree and with dynamic control function. At present, the matrix of a landscape is determined by calculating the importance value of vegetation in the traditional ecology to get the superiority or dominance value of a patch in the landscape. The dominance value is calculated from 3 parameters, namely density (Rd), frequency (Rf) and landscape proportion (Lp). The 3 parameters have good reflection to the first two criteria in the determination of the matrix. The expression of the third criterion is not clear enough. However, according to the procedures for determination of the matrix in the landscape, when the first two criteria are relatively clear for assessment, the patch type which is considered with a large relative area and high connectivity degree can be taken as the matrix with the function to regulate the eco-environment quality we are looking for. The mathematical expression for calculation of the dominance value is as follows: Numberofpa tches , i Density, Rd = Tota ln umberofpat ches ×100% Numberofplotsfortheappearanceofthepatch, i Frequency, Rf = ×100% Tota ln umberofplots Areaofpatch, i Landscape proportion, Lp = ×100% Totalareaofsampleplots ( Rd  Rf ) / 2  Lp Dominance, Do= 2 ×100%，(See Xiao Duning, 1991) The dominance value calculated for patches in the area selected for the railway are listed in Table 5-2-16. Table 5-2-16 The dominance values of patches in areas neighboring the line Patch type Rd (%) Rf (%) Lp (%) Do (%) forest land 21.2 49.5 48.2 41.8 Grassland 8.1 3.6 4.0 4.9 Arable land 30.9 41.2 40.1 38.1 Land for 37.3 5.2 6.9 14.1 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project construction Water body 2.5 0.5 0.8 1.2 The data in Table 5-2-16 indicate that in the dominance values of patches in the area where the railway runs through, Do of the forest land is the highest, up to 41.8%, followed by the arable land, which is 38.1%. This means that the forest land and the arable land are the major components for the control of the eco-environment quality in the area. As the arable lands in the area where the railway runs through is of low arability, most of them have only one planting season and the erosion of soils in the farmlands is weak, coupled with the vegetation on the forest land in the area has a high productivity, so that the eco-environment quality in the area is quite good. 5.2.8 Impact on the vegetation ecosystem along the line 1. Prediction of the impact on the ecological integrity After the project is implemented, the production capacity and stability in the area under evaluation will be changed and therefore the ecological integrity in the area will be affected. â‘  Change in the production capacity and biomass in natural system Based on the area of the land to be used for the project, the loss of biomass and productivity in the natural system in the area under evaluation can be calculated. For details, see Table 5-2-17. Table 5-2-17 Reduction of biomass and productivity in the area where the railway runs through Area to be Average net Average net Vegetation used Average productivity Biomass productivity to be used permanently biomass(kg/m2) loss loss(t) [t/(hm2.a)] (hm2) t/(hm2.a)] Forest land 458.1 8.15 12.5 Arable land 485.54 7.1 1.1 Unused 32.46 3.5 1.1 0.30 642,000 land Land for 190.12 0.13 0.3 construction Water area 7.56 0.01 0.2 Total 1,173.78 6.2 5.4 After the railway is put into operation, the average production capacity of the natural system in the area will be reduced by 0.30 t/hm2.a, from the current 7.21 t/hm2.a to 6.91 t/hm2.a, a decrease of 4.2% from the original level. The reduction is small and the affection is not significant. The impact of the construction on the vegetation resources along the line mainly is the loss of biomass within the construction area during the construction period. After the natural recovery China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project period starts, the vegetation on such areas as subgrade slope, stations and yards, and temporary works will be restored gradually. The loss of biomass in this assessment is calculated by the following formula: W  W0  S ï‚´ F ï‚´ A (4-2-1) W: Total loss of biomass (t)ï¼› W0: Biomass in the original landscape (t)ï¼› S: Annual net productivity (t/hm2.a)ï¼› F: Vegetation area(hm2)ï¼› A: Time period (a). According to the field survey combined with the gathered information on the areas along the line, the loss of biomass in the original landscape within the land to be used for the project is 63.5×104 t; the annual net productivity loss of the vegetation in the original landscape within the construction area is 7,319 t/a. Therefore the total loss of biomass due to the construction is the sum of the losses of the organisms in the original landscape and the production during the construction period, which amount to 64.2×104t. The loss of biomass within the construction area is mainly the loss of vegetation concentrated on the surface in the range of the subgrade, subgrade slope concrete blocks, bridge piers, buildings and other permanent structures. However, it is estimated that 7.5×104t of biomass can be repaired per year after measures are implemented such as the restoration of the vegetation on the subgrade slope after the construction is complete, greening the areas of stations and yards and the recovery of vegetation on the temporary works, which will minimize the loss of biomass due to the construct â‘¡ The change in the stability of the natural system in the area under assessment A． Analysis of the recovery stability The change of the natural system’s recovery stability is assessed by the vegetation biomass and the net primary productivity. It can be seen from the above analysis that after the project is implemented, the change of biomass and the net primary productivity of the natural system in the area under assessment is not significant. Therefore, the impact on the stability of the natural system’s recovery is small and it is endurable to the natural system in the area under assessment. B． Resistance stability analysis The measurement of the stability of resistance to the natural system is made by the change level of the vegetation heterogeneity. This project will only change the usage of a small portion of the land within the area under assessment while the usage of most part of the land will remain unchanged. Therefore, the implementation and operation of the project will not have significant impact on the heterogeneity level of the matrix components in the natural system in the area under assessment, so that there will be no significant affection on the China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project stability of the resistance to the natural system in the area. (2) Prediction of the affection on the ecological quality of the landscape After the project is implemented, part of the land usage pattern in the area will be changed and the area of various vegetation types and the number of patches will be changed accordingly. The corresponding parameters can be derived by the software ERDAS and the dominance of various patches can be calculated. For details, see Table 5-2-18. Table 5-2-18 The change of dominance of various patches after the implementation of the project Type of patch Rd (%) Rf (%) Lp (%) Do (%) Forest land 19.2 47.3 46.3 39.8 Grassland 8.1 3.8 4 5 Arable land 28.5 38.6 39.5 36.5 Land for 40.3 9.5 9.4 17.2 construction Water body 3.9 0.8 0.8 1.6 It can been seen from the above table that after the implementation of the project, the dominance of the land for construction which has adverse effect on the ecosystem is increased by 3.1%, to 17.2% while the environmental resources patch forest land and arable land’s dominance decreases slightly, but the dominance of both is 76.3%. It is still very large. After the implementation of the project, although the ecological quality of the landscape declines, it will never change the eco-environmental quality of the landscape in the area. 5.2.9 Analysis of the impact of the construction on the potential range of Siberian tigers’ activities 1. Information about the activities of Northeast China tigers in Jilin Province The Northeast China Tiger, also known as Siberian tiger, whose scientific name is Panthera tigris altaica, is originated from the northeastern Asia, specifically the Siberia of Russia, Korea and the Northeast of China. They have existed and evolved for three million years. Northeast China tiger is the largest subspecies in the Felidae family. An adult male tiger reaches up to 3 meters in total length with a tail of about 1 meter, weighs up to around 350 kg. Its hairs appear brown in summer, but straw yellow in winter. Its back and sides feature a pattern of dark vertical stripes, two of them are nearly in the shape of weeping willow leaf. Its head is big and round. On its forehead, the dark transverse stripes connected at their middle resemble the Chinese character of “King,â€? so it is nicknamed the “King of Jungle.â€? Northeast China tiger is the animal under China’s First Class protection and is enlisted in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Floras. As the natural habitat on which the Northeast tigers rely to survive continues to be reduced due to the pressure of population, economic activities of human being and other factors, their distribution and range of activities continue to shrink. According to the data of surveys by the China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project forestry department of Jilin province and the information gathered by the experts in the Northeast China tiger, the Northeast China tigers’ potential activity areas in Jilin are mainly the following 3 areas, as shown in the figure 5-2-4(a) below. 1 2 3 Figure 5-2-4 (a) Potential ranges of the Northeast China tiger’s activity Legend 1 The southern Zhang Guangcai mountain range of the tigers’ activity 2 The Harba mountain range area of the tigers activity 3 The Dalongling area of activity Red line The railway to be built (1) The southern Zhang Guangcai mountain range of the tigers’ activity: It is located in the northmost of Dunhua; to the north and east, it borders Heilongjiang Province; to the southmost, it borders Dunhua’s Tuanshanzi, Duling forest, Malugou forest, Badayang and Jiaohe’s Shuangshan of Jilin; to the west is the area along Qianjin and Yushugou. The administrative divisions include Emu in Dunhua, Zuizi township of Dashan and Jiaohe’s Huangsongdian and Qianjin in Jilin with an area of 3,020 km2 with the zonal vegetation largely composed of pinus and broad-leaved mixed forest. About 3 Northeast China tigers are supposed roving there. No physical substance of Northeast China tiger has been found by the foresty departments and the Northeast China tiger research institutes in the area, but only some of the signs of their activities, such as footprints. (2) The Harba mountain range area of the tigers activity: It is located in the northwest of Wangqing county in Yanbian prefecture and western Dunhua and includes the border region of Yanji and Antu in the north. To the north is the border of the Harba mountain Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project range and Heilongjiang Province; to the east are the Gaya river and its branch Chunyang Creek in Wangqing county. To the southmost, it borders Baicaogou of Wangqing—Tuntian of Yianji, Lishu—Erqing of Antu and the northwest area; to the west is Chousonggou in the Dahei mountain range of Dunhua, The administrative divisions include Chunyang, Tianqiao mountain range, Daxinggou and Baicaogou in Wangqingï¼›Sandaowan of Yanji, Changxing of Antu county and part of Shitou township of Dunhua. The area is 1,900 km2 with the vegetation mainly composed of the road-leaved Korean pine forest and the secondary broad-leaved, mixed deciduous forest. On the foot of the mountain there is a small area of the Quercus mongolica forest, which is the habitat of one Northeast China tiger. (3) The Dalongling area of activity: it is located in Hunchun of Yanbian and eastern Wangqing county, to the east is the mountain range of Hunchun which boarders Russia， to the north is the hill of Dalongling laboring Heilongjiang Province. To the southwest is the upper reaches of the Suifen river and Hunchun river. The administrative districts include Jingxin, Banshi, Yangpao, Madida and Chunhua in Hunchun and Fuxing township of Wangqing county. The area covers 3740 km2 with vegetation mainly composed of the broad-leaved mixed forest and the secondary oak trees. The area is the most favorable habit of tigers in Jilin which number 4-6. A more recent and scientific reference regarding potential tiger habitats in northeast China is Technical Report on the Identification of Potential Tiger Habitat in the Changbaishan Ecosystem, Northeast China (http://www.wwf.de/downloads/publikationsdatenbank/ddd/33661/, published in January 2010), a joint research by WWF, WCS, Northeast Normal University, KORA and the University of Montana. The WWF report provided mored detailed and area-specific information on the evidence record, and potential habitats based on modeling, and recommendations of priority protection areas for potential habitats. According to the figures, ï?¬ The top left figure (figure 3) shows locations of tiger (red dots) derived from the 2005 Amur Tiger Survey in Russia, and surveys in China from the late 1990s. According to the records, the locations are basically to the north and east of the project. ï?¬ The top right figure (figure 5) shows the primary highways and secondary raods in Changbaishan area. The proposed railway line will go through the existing transport corridor as indicated in the middle horizontal line. ï?¬ The bottom left figure (figure 16) indicates model –averaged tiger habitat for the Changbaishan and Russian far east study areas. Various models were averaged to represent the best estimate of predicted tiger habitat quality. Apparently within and in the vicity of the Jinlin-Hunchun transport corridor, the potential for tiger habitat is close to zero (red area) ï?¬ The bottom right figure (figure 21) indicates the four priority Tiger Conservation Priority Areas in the Changbaishan Landscape. Area 3 is the South Zhangguangcailing. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Figure 5-2-4(b) WWF joint Study on Potential Tiger Habitat in Northeast China China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project 2. The positional relation of the proposed railway with the location of the range of the Northeast China tiger’s potential activity The proposed railway is to run through southern border of the Zhang Guangcai mountain range, far away from the tigers’ activity range in the Harba and Dalongling mountain areas, more than 30 km from the nearest edge of the Harba mountain range where the tigers move around and over 20 km from the closest border of the tigers’ activity range of Mount. Dalongling. The proposed railway will run through the southern Zhang Guangcai mountain range of the tigers’ activity as long as about 30 km from DK85 to DK115. There are tunnels such as Chaoyanggou, Houtaiping mountain range, Ailin, Shimen, Qianlishu No.1, Sandaokou and Weihu mountain range and main bridges such as Erdaogou extra-large bridge, Xiaoduozi No.1 bridge and Erdaokou extra-large bridge. The total length of the tunnels is about 13.4 km and their depths range from 45 to 200 m. The total length of bridges is about 5.4 km. The net height of the bridges is more than 8 m. 62.7% of the tunnels cross road sections. There is 11.2 km of subgrade, which is designed with a total of 57 culverts. The height of subgrade is generally 5m. Figure 5-2-5 shows the location relationship between the proposed railway alignment and the Southern Zhangguangcai Mountain, as well as surrounding environmental settings and onsite photos. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Existing ChangTu Railway Line and ChangJiTu Expressway and G302 Highway Potential Tiger Activity Range – Southern Zhangguangcai Mountain A Proposed JiTuHun Railway Alignment Figure 5-2-5 Location Relationship between the Railway Alignment and Pontential Tiger Range in Southern Zhuangguangcai Mountain China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project According to the Figure 5-2-5, the proposed railway alignment section DK85-DK115 that will cross the potential Tiger Range in Southern Zhuangguangcai Mountain presents the following features. ï?¬ DK85-DK107 is located in the south of existing railway and highways, namely, this area has been fragmented by existing linear works and the proposed railway line will be at the very edge of and even farther from the potential tiger activity range. ï?¬ DK 107-DK122 is located in the north of existing railway and highways, making the railway line relatively closer to the potential tiger activity core area. Field survey, as shown in the photos in Figure 5-2-5, indicates that this area is relatively developed, with prevalent farmland, villages and dense rural raods. The location of the bridges for the project in the Northeast China tigers’ potential activity area in the southern Zhang Guangcai mountain range is indicated as follows: Total No. Description Central Mileage Length Structure Type of the Bridge (m) Erdaogou 1 extra-large DK87+286.70 962.8 29-32 m simply-supported box girder bridge Laoyuegou 2 DK100+650.45 178 5-32 m simple-supported beam bridge No.1 Laoyuegou 3 DK101+149.30 308.8 9-32 m simple-supported beam bridge No.2 1-24 m simple-supported beam+13-32 m Xiaoduozi simple-supported beam + 1-24 m 4 DK101+934.76 587.1 bridge No.1 simple-supported beam +3-32 m simple-supported beam Xiaoduozi 5 DK102+666.15 472.3 14-32 m simple-supported beam bridge No.2 Xiatun bridge 6 at DK104+173.05 276.1 8-32 m simple-supported beam Xiaomalugou Xiatun bridge 7 DK105+598.05 276.1 8-32 m simple-supported beam at Damalugou Erdaokou 10-32 m simple-supported beam- 8 extra-large DK106+980.00 2,140 (40+72+40) continuous beam bridge +1-32msimple-supported beam 9 Qianhe bridge DK110+290.15 210.7 6-32msimple-supported beam Total 5,411.9 The location of the tunnels for the project in the Northeast China tigers’ potential activity area in the southern Zhang Guangcai mountain range is shown as follows: Distribution The of the Maximu Total Sensitive Entrance Central Exit m Depth No. Description Length Points at the Mileage Mileage Mileage of the (m) Top and Tunnel( Tunnel m) Portal More No sensitive 1 Ailin tunnel DK91+308 DK91+984 DK92+660 1,352 than 100 point China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project There are sensitive More 2 Shimen tunnel DK91+283 DK94+358 DK97+432 6,149 points 178 m than 170 from the entrance Qianlishu No sensitive 3 DK98+012 DK98+521 DK99+030 1,018 68 tunnel No.1 point Qianlishu No sensitive 4 DK99+597 DK99+764 DK99+931 334 55 tunnel No.2 point Qianlishu DK100+34 DK100+54 No sensitive 5 DK100+139 403 45 tunnel No.3 1 2 point Sandaokou DK109+03 DK109+54 No sensitive 6 DK108+530 1,010 65 tunnel 5 0 point There are Weihu DK112+52 DK114+07 More sensitive 7 mountain DK110+970 3,109 5 9 than 100 points 270 m range tunnel from the exit Total 13,375 3. Analysis of the impact of the project on the Northeast China tigers’ activity At present, the Northeast China tigers are mainly crossing over and migrating from the China-Russia border from Russia. It has been found that 4 Northeast China tiger habitats are located on the border of China and Russia. The 3 areas in Jilin province are only the Northeast China tigers’ potential activity range. The Northeast China tigers are likely to pass by these areas in their migration. The Northeast China tigers’ activity range is large, mainly living in the places where there is forest, scrubs and bushes, because the Northeast China tigers have to take the cover of bushes and shrubs to quietly close to the prey and get food, As a large amount of forests have been cut down and the living environment of wild animals has been destroyed. In the shallow mountain areas and those areas where there are frequent human activities, it is hard to find wild animals. Therefore, the possibility of Northeast China tiger moving about in these areas is small. According to wildlife experts, Northeast China tigers’ habitats are mainly deep in forest. Sections DK85-DK115 of this project is located in the Northeast China tigers’ activity area in the Zhang Guangcai mountain range. On both sides of the railway largely are natural secondary forests. As there are the 302 national highway, the Changjitu expressway and Jituhun railway, human activities are frequent. This will narrow the Northeast China tigers’ moving and foraging range. The possibility of the Northeast China tigers’ passing through this area is small. The bridge to tunnel ratio for this project is up to 62.7%, which can basically satisfy Northeast China tigers’ passage. Most of the bridges and tunnels can be used as Northeast China tigers’ passage. This will largely reduce the impact of the railway construction on the Northeast China tigers’ potential activity range. â‘  First of all, in the design of the project, the railway bridges in the Northeast China tigers’ potential activity area can be used as Northeast China tigers and other animals’ passage, such as the Erdaogou extra-large bridge, which is designed with 29 holes, each hole’s span is 32 m. There are many tunnels in the area, which have a large depth. Therefore, on the top of the tunnels, there are bio-corridors to satisfy the tigers’ passage needs. â‘¡ In the construction, the tunnel will be constructed from both ends. No inclined shafts and China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project temporary installations will be established in dense forest to reduce their impact to the Northeast China tigers’ roaming and foraging. Secondly, avoid construction and operation at night to reduce the interference in the tigers’ potential activities. â‘¢ Strengthen the management of construction and operation First of all, during the construction period, strengthen the education of the construction units and workers and raise their awareness of protecting the animals. Secondly, try to use the low-noise, low vibration construction equipment for construction. Do not construct and operate at night. Actively cooperate with the forestry departments to protect the animals. Once the tiger’s footmark, droppings, hairs and other signs of activity are found on the construction site and adjacent areas, it should be reported to the wild animal protection department to take scientific measures for protection immediately. During the operation of the railway, the monitoring system is set up outside the fence of the key sections to monitor the possible activities of the tigers. Once a tiger is found, it must be reported to the authority to take measures immediately. Further more, try not to siren in the section where the tiger is likely to migrate and move about to reduce interference. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Figure 5-2-6 Location of Protected Wild Animals and Vegetation along the Proposed Railway Alignmetn China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project 5.3 Assessment of the impact of the land resources along the line 5.3.1 Utilization of the land Major land utilization types along the line include farmland, forest land, urban land, construction land, non-exploitated land (Figure 5-3-1), in which the forest land and farmland's area is big and grassland is small. The farmland is mainly dry land growing maize, potato, and soybean. The wild grassland takes a large proportion in the grassland, and more timber forest and less production forest on forest land. See Table 5-3-1 for the present land use in the region along the line. The forest lands along the line are mainly the secondary forest. Along the line a landscape is realized as the forest belts along the rivers, roads in shadow of trees, villages and towns in tree plantation and woods network on farmlands. But along the line there are more timber forests and less shelter forests and production forest, more pure forest, less mixed forest, more young-middle aged forest, less pre-mature forest, and heterogeneity inside forests not high. Table 5-3-1 Status of land use in the region along the line Unit ： h m 2 Table of present land use along the line （hm2） Unit Forest Building Unused Water Total Farmland Grassland land plot land area Chang Yi 37.3 45.0 1.6 3.0 1.0 0.0 87.9 District Feng Jilin Man 41.7 50.2 1.8 7.5 2.6 0.0 103.8 Municipaltiy District of Jilin Long Province Tan 1814.7 2187.0 76.7 271.6 93.1 13.0 4456.1 District Jiao He 6231.4 7509.6 263.3 73.3 25.1 33.9 14136.7 City Dun Hua 10356.2 12480.6 437.6 1428.0 489.5 0.0 25191.8 City Tan Bian An Tu 3073.7 3704.2 129.9 293.0 100.4 40.1 7341.3 Prefecture County of Jilin Long Province Jing 825.8 995.2 34.9 17.1 5.9 11.2 1890.1 City Yan Ji 4139.1 4988.2 174.9 821.5 281.6 84.8 10490.0 City China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Tu Men 2683.5 3234.0 113.4 584.9 200.5 24.2 6840.4 City Hun Chun 1012.5 1220.2 42.8 118.2 40.5 65.3 2499.6 City Total 30216.6 36415.0 1276.7 3618.1 1240.1 272.9 73039.4 Land use characteristics along the line：more forest lands and farmlands and less grasslands and water bodies, continual optimizing of the agricultural land structure, high land utilization and reclamation. Open issues in land use along the line: total farmland inventory insufficient, land shortage in terms of supply and demand, increasingly tense among competition between agricultural land use and non-agricultural construction land use, and generally low level of land utilization. Figure 5-3-1 Pictures of the present land resources along the line 5.3.2 Impact on land utilization and measures The land to be used for this project is classified into two kinds: permanent and temporary. The lands for temporary use include the lands for borrow pit and dump area, for the stacking of construction materials and for other uses. The lands for the permanent construction use are the lands occupied for the main work of the railway. Once the land is acquired, the change of the original land functions will almost remain throughout the construction period and operation period. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project The land for temporary use, however, will be returned to the local after completion of the main construction work. The change of its function is mainly concentrated in the construction period. After the completion of the construction, most of the land can be gradually restored to its original function by taking appropriate measures. The area of land for the permanent use for the whole line is 1,173.78 hm2 in total, of which 943.64 hm2 is paddy field, dry land, forest land and other land for agricultural use, which is made up for 42.6% of the total area of the acquired land, .190.12 hm2 is the land for construction such as for residence, accounting for 8.6% of the total area of the acquired land. After the implementation of the project, the original usage of the land will be partially or totally lost and the land’s productivity will be destroyed, which will cause some affection on the local agricultural production. Besides, The land for the borrow pit, materials yard and other land for temporary use will occupy 1,043.1 hm2. The lands used are largely arable land, forest land and land for construction. This will also cause certain affection on the land resources along the line. The project will use 485.54 hm2 of arable land, including 388.4 hm2 of the basic farmland. The use of the arable land for the construction will cause some reduction in the grain production in the areas along the line. The use of land for the railway construction will inevitably cause some affection on the agricultural ecosystem along the line. However, as the land to be used for the project is evenly distributed in a narrow strip running through the areas along the line, which has a limited influence on the transverse of the line. The proportion of the amount of the land to be used for the project to the total amount of the land for agricultural use in the prefectures where the line runs through is very small. The agricultural production pattern in the whole area will not be substantially changed during the construction and after the completion of the railway. 5.3.3 Impact on the basic farmland and mitigation measures (1) Summary The basic farmlands in the areas where the line runs through are mainly distributed in Jiaohe, Dunhua, Yanji and Hunchun. There is a wide spread in Jiaohe and Dunhua. For details, see Table 5-3-2. The local governments have given the special protection for the basic farmland in the protective area marked in accordance with the regulations, continued to improve the infrastructure, and made great efforts to increase the productivity in the area, established relevant protective rules and strictly controlled the procedures for the transfer of the basic farmlands so that the basic farmlands in the protective area are effectively protected. Table 5-3-2 Information about the basic farmlands along the line Unit: hm 2 Information about the basic farmlands along the line (hm2) Prefectures Basic farmland area Percentage, % Changyi 33.0 0.12 district Jilin city of Fengman 36.9 0.14 Jilin province district Longtan 1,623.8 6.08 district China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Jiaohe 5,499.2 20.59 Dunhua city 9,134.1 34.20 Antu county 2,716.8 10.17 Longjing Yanbian 729.9 2.73 city prefecture of Jilin province Yanji city 3,658.5 13.70 Tumen city 2,379.7 8.91 Hunchun 897.4 3.36 city Total 26,708.0 100 About 388.4 hm2 of the basic farmlands will be permanently used for the whole line, It is very small compared to the total area of the farmland in the protective areas in the prefectures along the line，and they are scattered along the railway. (2) The protective plan for the basic farmlands In the design, the use of a farmland by splitting it must be minimized when acquired for permanent use. The line is basically parallel to the existing line or the Changtuhun expressway. When a basic farmland cannot be bypassed and is required to be used, the appropriate protective measures will be taken to keep the amount of the basic farmlands along the line stable, specifically including: â‘  Apply for approval of and modify the relevant plans in accordance with the law: according Article 15 of the Regulation on Protection of Basic Farmlands, after a basic farmland protection area is defined by law, any organizations and individuals shall not change or occupy it. When the basic farmland can not be bypassed in the selection of the site for a national key construction project and its occupation is necessary, it must be approved by the State Council. The basic farmland can be only used for the project upon approval by the State Council in accordance with the law and the rules for the land license. The local government should modify the general plan for land use in accordance with such approval. â‘¡ Top soil protection: According to the provisions of Article 16 of the Regulation on Protection of Basic Farmlands, the organization that use the basic farmland should use the surface soils of the used basic farmland for the newly reclaimed land for cultivation or for the improvement of soils in the poor land or other arable land according the requirements of the local governments at the county or above levels. Therefore, it is required in this assessment that the construction unit must peel the surface soils off the used arable land before the excavation of earth and stone, and take measures for piling and stocking them in an area. The peeling thickness is 20-30 cm. The soils are kept in the designated place during the construction period. After the project is completed, they will be used for restoration of the land for cultivation or as covering soils for vegetation recovery. The temporarily discarded soils shall be piled under the bridge to the greatest extent as possible to prevent them from interfering construction. â‘¢ Balance the use and compensation: The basic farmlands should be protected and China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project managed in accordance with the State Council’s Regulation on Protection of Basic Farmlands and the Law of Land Administration of the People’s Republic of China. The organization who acquires that land must pay compensations such as for the acquired land, its attachment, young crops and relocation. The occupied basic farmland shall be compensated according to the applicable national regulations and rules. The construction unit is responsible for reclaiming the land for farm use to make up for the used farmland. In principle, the area of the reclaimed land must be equal to the area of the arable land used for construction purposes. If the construction unit cannot make the reclamation, it should pay the basic farmland reclamation fee based on the used land area, which shall be used specially for the reclamation for new arable land. According to the real situation of the utilization of land along the line in this project, it is recommended that the construction unit pay the basic farmland reclamation fee as compensation. The budgetary estimate for this project has includes the compensation of about RMB 160,000,000. â‘£ Restoration of the arable land: The arable land temporarily used for this project totals 478.2 hm2. Most of them are dry land and paddy field. After completion of the project, the best efforts shall be made to the turn the temporarily used land that meet the conditions for the restoration into the farmland with the surface soils peeled previously to make up the arable land resources. ⑤ Make full use of the reserved resources and keep the total amount in balance: 83ï¼…-88ï¼… of the total area of arable lands along the line in this project is under the basic farmland protection. However, there are 12-16ï¼… of the total have not been included in the basic farmland protection plan. After the implementation of the project, those arable lands that have not been designated as the basic farmland shall be included in the basic farmland category based on their merits on the case by case basis. Besides, there are a certain amount of unused land spread over the areas where the line passes through, which make up 5.6ï¼… of the total land area. There is also some amount of waste grassland with a thick layer of soils. The possibility of developing and utilizing them is great and there is potential for land reclamation, which provides a strong support to the protection of the basic farmland. â‘¥ Allocate land resources in the province to keep the total amount in balance: According to the adjustment between the use and makeup of the arable lands along the line over the past years, if it is difficult to achieve a balance in the use and makeup of the arable land in the four cities, three districts and one county in Jilin and Yanbian along the line, it is recommended that the allocation of land resources in other areas in Jilin province shall be made to keep the total amount of the arable land in balance and ensure the amount of the basic farmland is stable. The specific adjustment plan shall be made in accordance with the requirements in the pre-examination report on the land for this project as approved by the Ministry of Land and Resources. After these protective measures are taken, the impact of the project construction on the basic farmlands along the line can be controlled to a limited range. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project 5.4 Bridge and Tunnel Works Environment Influence 5.4.1 Bridge Work Environmental Influence （1）General The project has a total number of 104 super large, large, medium and small bridges of 88611.11m, 24.25ï¼…of the project length; there are small bridges and culverts of 560, 2.47/km, excluding the length of the bridges and tunnels. The distribution of the super large and large bridges of the project are shown as in the table 5-4-1. （2）Influence on the Watercourse Erosion The bridge project impact on the watercourse hydrology were shown in two aspects: one was that the bridge pier and abutment construction would take the watercourse, reduce the flowing section to some extent and increase the velocity of flow at the bridge position; the other was that the reduced flowing section and increased velocity of flow reinforced the partial erosion on the riverbed and bank at the lower reaches and raised erosion degree and the content of the suspending substance in the water. The area along the project bridges were flat with the rivers and channels crossed with each other, and lower river bedding, but the rivers and channels were narrower in width and gentle in water flow. In accordance with the similar project anti-flood assessment results, the flood frequency of once every hundred year was used to calculate the influence of the pier and abutment on the riverway flowing section and water blocking in front of the bridges at the upper reaches, the partial erosion at the beddingof the lower reaches. The water blockage was mostly below 1m, having little influence and could be neglected. But during the cofferdam building, the disturbance of the foundation works on the riverbed would increase the content of suspending matter in nearby water at the working areas. Based on the actual construction conditions of railway bridge piers in water, the affected areas were generally within the 50~100m around the bridge piers in water, the affected areas were generally within the 50~100m around the bridge pier working places, the background value and the suspension content in water were basically the same beyond 50~100m, not affected by the construction. （3）Analysis of the Influence on the Road Traffic and Flood Moving The project adopted the complete interchange design. The interchanges were designed for both old and planned roads crossed with the project, the water flowing passages were arranged for crossing the natural rivers, ditches and irrigation channels under the principle of a culvert for a ditch and a bridge for a river. The bridges worked for both road interchanges and animal movement. The drainage ditches were placed parallel to the slope foot of the embankment on both sides, leading to the railway bridges and culverts in connection with the natural ditches to form the slow flowing passages on both sides and to ensure the communication of the ground surface runoff on the both sides of the railway. The ground surface flow was sufficiently considered for the arrangement of the drainage ditches, bridges and culverts. The bridges and culverts were both designed at flood frequency of once every hundred year and the drainage ditches had the suffcient water passing capacity at the time of construction. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project The drainage system of the bridges, culverts and subgrades eliminated the blockage to the ground surface runoff, reduced the influence of the project on the ecological water to the maxium degree; in the mean time, met the needs of the agricultural manufacture, transportation and life of the residents along the project and movement and traffic requirment of the fowl and livestock. （4）Influence on the Farmland Drainage and Irrigation System along the Project The Songhuajiang River alluvion plain area, valley and basin areas along the project were the farming land concentrated area. The mode of the irrigation was: the waterland at the river valley plain along the trunk stream were irrigated naturally with the compensation from the medium and small reservoirs along the trunk and branch stream. The waterland at the plain along the branch rivervalley plain got water from the small reservoirs and ponds. The irrigation channels were densely distributed, mostly in company with the field working paths, needing the construction of irrigation culverts. In order to reduce the railway contruction influence on the agriculture and irrigation works and on the basis of the the sufficient investigation, the bridges were rationally arranged, bridges and culverts were placed for the old ditches, taking less farmland and building more bridges and culverts. The project was designed with the principles of a bridge for a river, a culvert for a ditch and a culvert for a water meeting area; some cutting sections unable for the culvert used the backward siphon or aqueduct bridge to ensure no damage on the old ditches and reservoirs; the old farmland irrigation facilities or flood drainage ditches damaged or occupied by the subgrade were recovered by the original standards, reconstruction was made for the project occupied irrigation works with the criterial no lower than the original standards. By means of the above measures, the original irrigation system was functionally maintained and the sustainable agricultural development along the project was ensured. It was proposed that, in the following working stage, the design units and the people in the know of the villages along the project should make a careful investigation and get to know the local agricultural irrigation system requirement and optimize the design to guarantee the number and location of the railway bridges and culverts meeting the agricultural requirement along the alignment. In the process of the following construction, especially the construction of the culverts or subgrade over the irrrigation ditches, the temporary and transitional measures should be considered, the construction should not be scheduled in the irrigation seasons to guarantee the normal agriculture production along the project. By means of the above measures, the impact of the project on the local agricultural system was minor. (5)Influence on the Marine Organisms In the construction period, the suspending substance in water might increase the pier foundation work, working camp production and life sewage discharge; the petroleum content in the river might raise due to the oil leakage from the underwater works. The above factors should lead to the reduce in the algae, floating creatures, and underwater animals and affect the marine organism bait material source amount. Besides, the noise and vibration of the construction machinery might place an impact on the fish living environment and lead to the reducing of its movement area or group migration. However, the affect of this kind was confined to the working period, especially the pier and abutment construction phase. The cofferdam was adopt by the design for the pier China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project works, so the construction of it had only local and temporary disturbance to the riverbed. Because the other works as pier and foundation construction would all be done within the cofferdam, the little impact would be placed on the water quality, and accordingly on the creatures in water so long as the construction could be under strict management, works could be done by the proper procedures and no dumping of the soil and slag in the river, the project should not have much sand and cement loss in view of the large bridge construction experience home and abroad. The construction on the bridge was away from the water, there might be the leakage of some material in the river during the transportation, but in comparison with the underwater construction, the affect on the hydrolife could be less. This assessment focused on the analysis of construction influence on the fish resources in the Songhua River, Jiao River, Peony/Mudan River and Gaya River. ï‚? Fish Distribution in the above-mentioned Rivers On the basis of the relative data provided by the Jilin Aquatic Science and Research Institute and Yanbian Korean Minority Autonomous Prefecture Fishery Supervision and Management Station, the fish resources in Songhua River, Jiao River, Peony/Mudan River and Gaya River along the project were basically the economic fish like crucian, carp, catfish. The reproduction period of carp and crucian are in May and June mainly, catfish in June and July; other protective fish was found fine scale fish only, appeared at the mouth of Gaya River and Tumen River in 1990’s, its distribution was as in the table 5-1-1(1): Table 5-1-1（1） Fish Resource Distribution Summary in Relative Rivers River No General Major Common Fish Note Name 66 sorts of fish resource in Songhua River, belonging to 8 items and 15 families, mainly economic fish; Crucian, carp, catfish, Songh- of which,mostly carp yellow head fish, ear-like 1 hua fish of 43 kinds by fish, grass fish and club River 43%; then loach of 5 fish, etc. kinds by 8%; predominant kinds are chub, catfish and crucian 27 kinds, 4 items and 9 families, mainly economic fish; mostly Common perch, crucian, carp of 9 kinds by Jiao carp, catfish, yellow head 2 33.3%; then loach River fish, earlike fish, grass fish, family of 4 kinds by club fish, etc 14.8%; predominant kinds: carp, catfish and crucian 37 sorts, 6 items and River codfigh, elegant fish, 90km of Jingbo Peony 13 families, mainly dog fish, crucian, carp, River-Heishi Power 3 River economic fish; mostly catfish, chub, silver Station of Peony carp; predominant fish,Mongolia red fish; River has fish China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project kinds: carp, crucian crucian, carp and catfish in moving passage and elegant fish the river-crossing cities and prawn, over 40km of the project line away from the above area 39 kinds, 6 items and 12 families, mainly economic fish; mostly carp family of 13 kinds by 33.3%; then loach Crucian, carp, catfish, fine scale fish found Gaya family of 4 kinds by Yaluo fish, yellow head fish, at the mouth of 4 River 10.3%; trout family of earlike fish, grass fish, club Gaya Riverto Tumen 6 kinds by 15.4%; a fish, etc. River in 1990’s little smelt and thrornback family; predominant kinds: carp and crucian The major features of the relative fish: Crucian: the important economic fish with the normal weight of 200-300g, swimming against the river, high time of spawn in the mid-May of about half a month, mostly in the floating grass of the shollow area close to the bank, laying adhesive egg to the floating grass. Carp: dwelling most at the lower reaches of the river, high adaptability, omnivorous, eating mainly underwater insects, with the spawning section similar to the carp for about 20 days. Catfish: meat eating kind, swimming mostly at night and finding food in the shollow water, staying in the floating grass, eating majorly small fish and underwater insects, egg laying location and period similar to the crucian in June and July; Fine scale fine: inhabiting in the cold valley stream. In the early spring, moving to the upper reaches of Tumen River and mountain stream, when the river melt, it returned to the bottom of the river for winter. The mid and last 10 days of every April and May, swarming to the egg laying place, spawning lasting to the first 10 days of June under the lower water temperature. Eating mainly the meat, such as underwater insects and larva of mayfly, flicking mosquito and hairy wing larva, eating small fish and testa. It distributes at the upper reaches of Tumen River and its branches and spawns at the upper reaches of Mijiang River. ï‚‚ Project Situation over Songhua River, Jiao River, Peony River and Gaya River The specific conditions of Jilin-Huichun Express Railway over Songhua River, Jiao River, Peony River and Gaya River are as follow in the table: 5-1-1(2): Table 5-1-1(2）Distribution Summary of Projects over Relative Rivers N Water Underwater Name Chainage Length Bridge Structure Type Note o Name Pier Number Songh- 18-32m simple underwater Basically ua DK03+360 supported box Peony pier crossed 1 220 River ~DK3+680 girder+1-(56+96+96+56) River 335m，6 to river, Super m continous piersï¼›width no China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Large beam+15-32m simple in dry period floating Bridge supported box girder 160m， grass +1-24m simple （56+96+96+ applicabl supported box girder 56）continous e for +9-32m simple beam, 1 spawnin supported box girder underwater g on both +1-(32+48+32)m pier banks continous beam+32-32m simple supported box girder 29-32m simple supported box girder+1-(32+48+32)m underwater continous pier 140m，5 Basically beam+39-32m simple piersï¼›width crossed Jial supported box in dry period to river, River DK68+980 girder+2-24m simple Jiao 80m， floating 2 Super ~DK69+08 100 supported box River （32+48+32） grass Large 0 girder+10-32m simple continous scattered Bridge supported box beam 1 on both girder+1-(32+48+32)m underwater sides continous pier beam+5-24m simple supported box girder 4-32m simple supported girder+1-24m Basically simple supported crossed girder+5-32m simple to river, supported underwater located girder+1-(32+48+32)cont pier 180m，6 at the inous beam+6-32m piersï¼›width suburba simple supported Peony n area of girder+1-24m simple in dry period River DK156+58 Dunhua supported Peony 100m， 3 Super 0~DK157+ 180 City, no girder+14-32m simple River （40+56+40） floating Large 760 supported continous Bridge grass girder+1-(40+56+40)m beam，2 applicabl continous underwater e for beam+34-32m simple pier spawnin supported g on the girder+1-(32+48+32)m both continous banks beam+8-32m simple supported girder 650 degree underwater to the pier 260m， 10 Tumen Gaya 15-32m simple County, River DK308+19 supported girder+2-24m piersï¼›width Gaya no 4 Super 0~DK308+ 250 simple supported in dry River floating Large 440 girder+19-32m simple period150m， grass Bridge supported girder 5 underwater applicabl pier e for spawnin g on the China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project both banks The trends of the project over the above rivers are shown in sequence of Songhua River, Jiao River, Peony River, Gaya River as follows: China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project  Major Influence Analysis The economic fish distributed in Songhua River, Jiao River, Peony River and Gaya River is mostly natural. No concentrated and protective spawning plant, baiting plant under the responsibility of the the divisions in charge at the project locations over the above rivers. The floating grass suitable for the egg laying is only scattered beside the Jiao River super large bridge. The certain impact could be placed on the its natural movement and Chi A d f R il S i Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project inhabitancy. The major impacts were illustrated as follows: First, the underwater pier foundation excavation affecting the partial riverbed Based on the parameter from the design unit, the earth and rock works of 1 pier foundation was up to 3146m3, foundation pit refilling was about 2300 m3, waste earth of about 846m3.The excavation of earthrock and rockwork would certainly cause some damage to the original riverbed and surrounding environment, cause the soil erosion and affect fish egg laying, moving and living environment. Second, impact from the working garbage Second, bridge pier concrete casting(land bridge pier concrete casting could flow in the river due to the runoff effect) could leak in the river through sullage, dust and water solution to cause the increase of suspending matter in water and petroleum increase owe to the construction machinery oil; working staff life sewage led to the partial river water quality change. All those factors could lead to the water pollution originally sufficient for the fish protection and reproduction. Third, the underwater pier would take the river course permanently, causing certain impact on the fish migration. The project bridges were mostly perpendicular to the rivers, 1 underwater pier foundation diameter could be limited within 4m, its area was 140m2, taking less percentage of rivercourse. The impact should basically recovered in 2 years. Fourth, construction Noise The construcion noise could bring fish of reproduction and migration the evasion reponse. Fifth, the above 4 aspects were mainly happened during construction period. The train noise would be the main factor affecting the fish migration during the operation period, but the influence degree was still not quantified so far. Major Ecological Resuming Measures and Investment In view of the analysis above, the impacts of the project over Songhua River, Jiao River, Peony River and Gaya River were mainly: underwater pier occupation of the rivercourse, underwater pier construction influence on the water quality and riverbed, the noise impact on the fish migration during construction and operation period, working rubbish discharge impact on the river. The according protective and compensation methods should be taken as follows: One, reinforcing the construction progress and procedures, the underwater construction should be arranged in dry season in principle and avoid the fish migration period. Second,strengthening the construction period management and supervision, no sewage and rubbish discharge at random, put them at appointed location and in line with the discharge standard; requiring the waste water discharge when being up to the criteria after settlement and other necessary measures, the garbage collected and treated at fixed places, no discharge to the river. Third, dredging, recovering the fish migration passage By the end of the construction, arranging a timely dredging and resuming of the river course within the construction affected area, clearing up the construction garbage, slug and placing China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project river cobble to resume the riverbed appearance and clearing the riverbed whin in need to ensure the smooth migration of migratory fish. Fourth, the loss estimation of the fish resources affected by the contruction The loss amount included the underwater pier construction caused fish resource loss and upper parts of bridges construction incurred loss. The influence was majorly from the migratory fish evasion to the working noise and underwater pier permanent occupation of the rivercourse. Based on the data from the relative units, evasion ration was estimated by 20% and fish egg by the 0.1-0.15/each; permanent rivercourse occupation loss by the actual area taken plus the compensation cost; Loss calculation formula: F（10k YMB）=∑ni=1(resource amount×reproductivity×mature percentage×evasion ratio×fish spawn price) Table 5-1-1（3）Pier Building Induced Fish Loss Estimation in Relative Rivers Resourc reproductivit Mature Evasio Fish Economi e y（10k Individua n Ratio Egg c Loss Specie Amount l Ratio （%） Loss （10k No. piece/kg） s （t） （%） （10k RMB） pieces） 1 Crucian 3 9 80 20 4320 25.9 2 Carp 1.1 7 80 20 1232 7.4 3 Catfish 1.4 6 80 20 1344 13.4 4 Grass 7 9 50 20 6300 37.8 fish 5 Chub 1.2 9 50 20 1080 6.5 6 Club 0.55 3 10 20 33 0.7 fish tota 91.7 l The resource amount listed in the table was for female and calculated by half the total resource amount. By calculation, the direct loss of the river fish resource during the underwater (pier) construction was 1.131 million, according to this result, the bridge upper part building caused fish loss was 325,000 RMB Yuan. Bridges placement took the rivercourse area, according to the fish noise evasion nature and loss amount by 10m near the bridge, the loss amount was 15,000 RMB Yuan. The total loss of the above was about（91.7+32.5+1.5）=125.7. In accordance with the relative state stipulation, the construction party should pay the compensation cost for the fish resource restorage by quantity refering to the checked and ratified loss and normally using the equivalent amount. The loss compensation amount was 1.257 million RMB Yuan.The provincial Fishery Bureau should use the compensation cost to restore the fish resource to maintain the original ecological status, organizing the fish multipilication release amount within the above rivers and make up the natural loss by manual work to make sure no construction influence on the relative fish group number. The China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project multipilication release should be done according to the stipultion of the Agricultural Ministry and implemented under the supervision of the provincial environment protection department. 1. Important Bridge Influence Analysis 1) Songhua River Super Large Bridge General The Songhua River super large bridges passed downtown of Jilin City, mainly: SongJiang Eastern Road, No.2 Songhua River, Bingjiang Eastern Road and newly built Changtu, Longshu Liaison Line. The bridge span placement was all under control at the above controlled points with the consideration of the city road delimitation and No.2 Songhua River Voyage requirement, the level of which was IV sea-route of Helong River water system, the net navigation height was required to be 8m, the net single width of single-way navigation to be 50m and 100m for the bi-way navigation and maxium navigation water level of 188.5m. Newly built railway bridge was located at about 30m of the upper reaches of the old railway bridge, considering the navigation need and less deep water foundation and the span requirement of the old bridges, the prestressed concrete continous girder of (56+96+96+56)m was used to go over the main navigation route and others adopting the prestressed concrete simple supported box girder of 31.5m. Songjiang Eastern road and Bingjiang Eastern road are located along the both side of No.2 Songhua River, proposed to adopt the simple supported box girder of 31.5m and the prestressed concrete continuous beam of (32+48+32)m. The newly built Changtu and Longshu Liaison line went under the bridge and filled at the crossing section, proposed the prestressed concrete continuous beam of (40+64+40)m. The entire bridge adopted the bi-line round end solid piers, bi-line hollow abutment and pile foundation. The pile foundation used the bored and casted piles; the concrete pier and abutment employed the site concrete casting method, the large span continuous beam used cantilever casting method, the small span and equal height continuous girders casted with bracket at site, the normal span simple supported box girder were precasted and installed at the same period. The underwater piers and foundation going over the No.2 Songhua River used bi-wall steel cofferdam and sealed with concrete and set underwater construction platform, pier foundation by the bank was constructed with the artificial island cofferdam. The negotiation with the municipal administrative departments should be made for the construction, adopting the reliable measures to ensure the sea-route and construction safety. For the road going through cities, the proper communication would be needed with the city planning departments to adopt the reliable and to ensure the operation and construction safety, pier foundation construction and pit excavation should be supported. In order to reduce the construction influence on the road traffic, the regular span prestressed concrete simple supported box girders of this bridge were placed with the bridge erection machine, prestressed concrete continuous box girder used cantilever casting construction. 2) Influence Analysis and Protection Proposal ï‚? Influence Analysis China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project The underwater foundation of this project was constructed with boring pile foundation and steel cofferdam. The underwater foundation jobs include the procedures such as steel protective barrel positioning, settlement, hole boring, lower steel bar cage and concrete casting. The soil inside the barrel should be cleared for the steel protective barrel sinking; during the hole boring process, the slurry was needed to protect the wall and to maintain the stability of the hole wall. Those works were done within the cofferdam, which seperated the water inside and outside the cofferdam, the waste would not discharge, having less impact on the river. The slurry induced in the pier building should be treated in the recycling sinking pond on the platform and the settlement boats in river, the settled slurry should not be discharged in the river, but placed at the stipulated location after dehydrating on the bank, the settled sewage should be used for the road sprinkling, not to drain in the river. Due to the high content of the sand, it was proposed to reuse the gravel and rock washing water after the sinking treatment in the settlement tank. Thus, pier foundation construction should have no obvious bad affect on the water quality. There might be small amount of slurry leakage during the loading and transportation process, which could increase the suspending matter content. Based on the anologue data analysis, adopting the cofferdam construction technique, the increased SS amount was no more than 50mg/L at 100m of the lower reaches of the working site, so the working slurry had not much impact on Songhua River. ï‚‚ Protection Suggestion The major protential pollutive substance of the bridge foundation affecting the water was the project slag like slurry. the relative stipulation should be strictly followed to carry it out of the river area and adopt certain protective measures. The storage location should be chosen following the discussion with local government, environment bureau and water bureau. The transportation process should be supervised by the supervisor, no random littering to minimize the slag impact on the water quality and avoid the adverse impact of the slag heap on the flood control. The major cofferdam should adopt the struction with smaller section to minimize the occupation of rivercourse and its disturbance to flood discharge. The cofferdam island building for the underwater pier construction reduced the water flowing section, it was proposed to make a rational working schedule and work in the dry seasons and build steel cofferdam for the piers to reduce to the slurry pollution to the waters. By the end of the work, demolishing the temporary works to give way to the smooth water flowing, and keeping the working machinery clean to avoid water pollution. No beam-precasting base and camp should be set within the watercourse range, no working and life sewage discharging in the river. The working waste should be piled away from the water, all kinds of materials should be kept under the rain shelter. The open channel, sand sinking well and protective wall should be available to avoid the material to be washed into the river. The life garbage during the construction should be cleaned everyday and collected together. Food rubbish should be piled for the natural fertilizer, other garbage be carried to the waste yard. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project No direct drainage of working and life sewage to the river. Discharging the working sewage with suspending matters should be drained after the treatment. The simple sewage disposal facilities should be built for the waste water and life sewage. By the end of the construction, a timely cleaning of working site should be followed, making sure of no project waste or facilities left within the river course to minimize the project affect on the river. A timely ecological environment restorage should be given, avoid the soil loss impact on the water environment. China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail line Project Antu Bu’erhatong Super Large Shimen Bu’erhatong Super Large Crossing-over Location Crossing-over Location Mupan Village Bu’er hatong Super Large Crossing-over Yongchang Super Large Location Crossing-over Locatio Super Large Crossing-over Stone Bridge Super Locatio Large Crossing-over Locatio Old Peony River Super Large Chaoyang River Super Crossing-over Locatio Large Crossing-over i Figure 5-4-1 Some Bridge Location Photos China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-4-1（4） Project Super Large and Large Bridge Distribution Summary Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number Large Bridge Crossing 5-32m simple supported box girder+2-24m simple 1 DK01+487.75 442.30 North Jiefang Road supported box girder+1-(60+100+60)m continous beam 18-32m simple supported box girder+1-(56+96+96+56)m River continous beam+15-32m simple supported box Songhua River Super Songhua width 2 DK03+220.92 2887.67 girder+1-24m simple supported box girder+9-32m simple Large Bridge River 335m，6 supported box girder+1-(32+48+32)m continous piers beam+32-32m simple supported box girder Tiantai Super Large 13-32m simple supported box girder+3-24m simple 3 DK06+411.98 1034.60 Bridge supported box girder+16-32m simple supported box girder Easten Huang Mt. 4 Juzhi No. 1 Super DK09+227.90 669.73 20-32m simple supported box girder Large Bridge Easten Huang Mt. 5 Juzhi No. 2 Super DK10+244.18 505.93 15-32m simple supported box girder Large Bridge Gaojiawazhi Large 6 DK11+751.72 407.54 12-32m simple supported box girder Bridge Xiaochuan Super 19-32m simple supported box girder+1-(40+64+40)m 7 DK13+023.80 1206.60 Large continous beam+15-32m simple supported box girder Niangniang Temple 8 Ridge Super Large DK15+077.45 1224.40 37-32m simple supported box girder Bridge Width South Sand River 9 DK16+951.37 1094.90 33-32m simple supported box girder Stream 7m，no Ridge pier Middle Sand River 10 DK18+796.15 864.70 26-32m simple supported box girder Stream widt10m， Team 3 Ridge no pier China Academy of Railway Science 171 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number Grass and Wood 160m，5 11 Valley No.1 Large DK21+588.90 374.20 11-32m simple supported box girder Resevoir Bridge piers Grass and Wood 12 Valley No.2 Large DK21+971.80 178.00 5-32m simple supported box girder Bridge Sand River South 13 DK22+538.16 210.71 6-32m simple supported box girder Valley Large Bridge Gourd Valley Large 14 DK27+007.93 374.45 11-32m simple supported box girder Bridge 4 People Class Super 15 DK27+634.40 570.40 17-32m simple supported box girder Large Bridge Small Huopeng Valley Stream 16 DK31+111.35 406.90 12-32m simple supported box girder Large Bridge Large Huopeng Stream Width of 17 Valley Super Large DK32+677.25 1060.90 32-32m simple supported box girder 9m，no Bridge pier Stream Width of 18 Large Bridge DK35+263.96 1028.20 31-32m simple supported box girder 21m，no pier Bi-temple Super Large 2-32m simple supported box girder+1-(32+48+32)m 19 DK49+949.75 816.22 Bridge continous beam+19-32m simple supported box girder Southeast Fork Large 20 DK52+936.64 276.43 8-32m simple supported box girder Bridge Taiping Super Large 21 DK59+743.90 635.80 19-32m simple supported box girder Bridge West De River Valley 22 DK61+948.95 702.45 21-32m simple supported box girder Super Large Bridge East De River Valley 23 DK63+954.41 963.41 29-32m simple supported box girder Super Large Bridge Jiao River Super Large 29-32m simple supported box girder+1-(32+48+32)m River 24 DK68+764.33 3006.05 Jiao River Bridge continous beam+39-32m simple supported box width of 172 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number girder+2-24m simple supported box girder+10-32m simple 140m，5 supported box girder+1-(32+48+32)m continous no pier beam+5-24m simple supported box girder North Valley No.1 25 DK73+637.40 178.00 5-32m simple supported box girder Large Bridge North Valley Super 8m，no 26 DK74+827.17 812.00 25-32m simple supported box girder Stream Large Bridge pier Fa River Valley 27 DK77+119.10 112.60 3-32m simple supported box girder Medium Bridge South Goutun Super 28 DK79+183.47 963.41 29-32m simple supported box girder Large Bridge Small Jiao River (former name: 4-32m simple supported box girder+1-(32+48+32)m 29 DK83+326.27 782.54 Chaoyang Valley) continous beam+18-32m simple supported box girder Super Large Bridge Erdao Valley Super 30 DK87+286.70 962.80 29-32m simple supported box girder Large Bridge Laoyue Valley No.1 31 DK100+650.45 178.00 5-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Laoyue Valley No.2 32 DK101+149.30 308.80 9-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge 1-24m simple supported girder+13-32m simple supported Xiaoduozi No.1 Large 33 DK101+934.76 587.10 girder+1-24m simple supported girder+3-32m simple Bridge supported girder Xiaoduozi No. 2 Large 34 DK102+666.15 472.30 14-32m simple supported girder Bridge Small Malugouxiatun 35 DK104+173.05 276.10 8-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Large Malugouxiatun 36 DK105+598.05 276.10 8-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Erdaokou Super Large 10-32m simple supported girder-（40+72+40）continous 37 DK106+980.00 2140.00 Bridge beam+1-32m simple supported girder China Academy of Railway Science 173 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number 7m，no 38 Qianhe Large Bridge DK110+290.15 210.70 6-32m simple supported girder Stream pier Large Bridge Village 39 DK119+543.55 341.50 10-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Dachuantun No.1 13m，no 40 DK120+791.79 1159.00 35-32m simple supported girder Stream Super Large Bridge pier Dachuantun Large 41 DK122+213.50 243.40 7-32m simple supported girder Bridge Dachuantun No.2 42 DK123+310.65 701.20 21-32m simple supported girder Super Large Bridge 11-32m simple supported girder+(48+80+48)continous Dachuantun No. 3 43 DK124+837.50 765.00 beam+2-32m simple supported girder+2-24m simple Super Large Bridge supported girder+3-32m simple supported girder West Valley Large 44 DK127+233.75 341.50 10-32m simple supported girder Bridge River 5 People Class Large width of 45 DK130+328.75 341.50 10-32m simple supported girder Stream Bridge 5.5m，no pier Shuangquanshang 46 DK131+722.10 374.20 11-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge river Yongqiang Super width of 47 DK135+626.40 962.80 29-32m simple supported girder Stream Large Bridge 4m，no pier High Pine Tree Super 48 DK142+135.20 570.40 17-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge river Ping’an Castle Super 64-32m simple supported girder+（40+64+40）m continous width of 49 DK148+081.75 3593.50 Stream Large Bridge beam+41-32m simple supported girder 3.5m，no pier 50 North Railway Super DK150+953.08 570.56 20-32m simple supported girder 174 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number Large Bridge 9-32m simple supported girder+1-24m simple supported girder+22-32m simple supported girder+（32+48+32）m continous beam+3-32m simple supported girder+3-24m Small Stone River 51 DK152+959.16 2550.31 simple supported girder+7-32m simple supported Super Large Bridge girder+2-24m simple supported girder+18-32m simple supported girder+（32+48+32）m continous beam+7-32m simple supported girder 4-32m simple supported girder+1-24m simple supported girder+5-32m simple supported girder+1-(32+48+32)continous beam+6-32m simple 180m，6 Peony Super Large Peony 52 DK157+935.00 3170.00 supported girder+1-24m simple supported girder+14-32m piers Bridge River simple supported girder+1-(40+56+40)m continous beam+34-32m simple supported girder+1-(32+48+32)m continous beam+8-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Village 13m，no 53 DK167+682.82 505.32 15-32m simple supported girder Stream Super Large Bridge pier Large Stone Super 54 DK179+651.10 5606.20 22-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Qinggouzi Super 55 DK183+732.60 701.20 21-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge East Qinggou Super 56 DK187+308.85 276.10 8-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Ha’erba RidgeSuper 19m，no 57 DK190+463.35 864.70 26-32m simple supported girder Stream Large Bridge pier Wanwan Valley Super 58 DK194+104.55 733.90 22-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Erdaohezi Large 59 DK195+615.52 308.97 9-32m simple supported girder Bridge East Ming Valley 1-32m simple supported girder-2-24m simple supported 60 DK199+673.89 619.80 Stream 12 pier Super Large Bridge girder+16-32m simple supported girder China Academy of Railway Science 175 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number Liangbingzhen No.2 61 DK202+838.05 276.10 8-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Liangbingzhen No.1 Stream 5m，no 62 DK204+697.30 210.70 6-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge pier Fengxi Village Large Stream 20m，1 63 DK206+869.75 308.80 9-32m simple supported girder Bridge piers Stream 10m，no 64 Puguang Large Bridge DK208+440.82 178.03 5-32m simple supported girder pier Antu Habu’ertong Stream 1-32m simple supported girder+2-24m simple supported 16m，no 65 RiverSuper Large DK214+090.77 1437.94 girder+41-32m simple supported girder pier Bridge Jiangjin Valley Super Stream 66 DK215+307.57 537.98 16-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge Antu Super Large Stream 27m，no 67 DK217+675.00 650.00 20-32m simple supported girder Bridge pier Chong Mt. Large Stream 15m，no 68 DK221+593.95 178.30 5-32m simple supported girder Bridge pier Willow River Large Stream 18m，no 69 DK225+770.30 276.10 8-32m simple supported girder Bridge pier Dacheng Village Super 2-24m simple supported girder+31-32m simple supported 70 DK230+731.14 1237.40 Large Bridge girder Shimen Shimen Bu’erhatong 40m，1 71 DK233+578.95 407.15 12-32m simple supported girder Bu’erhato River Large Bridge piers ng River Yushuchuan Large Stream 4m，no 72 DK237+549.59 194.70 6-32m simple supported girder Bridge pier Cock Crown Village Stream 23m，no 73 DK239+896.50 207.00 6-32m simple supported girder Large Bridge pier Golden Buda Temple 74 DK246+744.45 341.60 10-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge 75 Wang Family Kiln DK248+664.71 243.82 7-32simple supported box girder 176 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number Large Bridge Yongchang Village 76 DK249+790.98 178.15 5-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge Yongchang Team 2 12m,no 77 DK251+002.75 1159.20 35-32simple supported box girder Stream Super Large Bridge pier Long Life Cave Large 78 DK254+621.94 341.57 10-32simple supported box girder Bridge Taiping Valley Super 4m,no 79 DK256+329.50 1126.70 34-32simple supported box girder Stream Large Bridge pier Mid-east Valley Large 80 DK257+692.75 211.20 6-32simple supported box girder Bridge Lihua Village Large 10m,no 81 DK259+928.64 308.97 9-32simple supported box girder Stream Bridge pier Chaoyang River Super Chaoyang 35m，1 82 DK262+966.04 4135.77 126-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge River piers Yanji No.1 Medium 83 DK265+135.00 16.00 1-8m frame medium bridge Bridge Yanji No.2 Medium 84 DK266+858.78 26.95 4-6m frame medium bridge Bridge Fenghuangping No. 1 85 DK267+886.28 276.25 8-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge Fenghuangping No.2 86 DK269+167.16 309.02 9-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge Sleeping Dragon Cave 87 DK270+077.02 537.74 16-32simple supported box girder Super Large Bridge Stream 30m,no 22-32m simple supported girder+1-(48+80+48) frame Yanji River Super pierï¼› 88 DK275+081.35 3513.69 structure +13-32m simple supported girder+1-（32+48+32） Large Bridge 7m,no continous beam-63-32m simple supported girder pier Stream æ²³ Guangji Village Large 89 DK279+743.79 877.23 26-32simple supported box girder 7.5m,no Bridge pier China Academy of Railway Science 177 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number Dongxing Valley Large 4.5m,no 90 DK282+091.01 211.19 6 -32simple supported box girder Stream Bridge pier Yanfu Valley Team 1 91 DK282+971.74 407.27 12-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge Mopan Mt. Stream 115m，4 92 Bu’erhatong River DK283+948.50 1257.49 38-32simple supported box girder piers Super Large Bridge Stream 24m,no 93 Lixing Large Bridge DK299+032.15 210.96 6 -32simple supported box girder pier Gaya River Super 15-32m simple supported girder+2-24m simple supported Stream 260m， 10 94 DK307+920.68 1177.36 Large Bridge girder+19-32m simple supported girder piers Qingrong Village 34-32m simple supported girder+(40+64+40)m continous 95 Over-expressway DK317+504.56 1402.82 beam+4-32m simple supported girder Super Large Bridge Lute Valley Large 96 DK319+095.59 374.87 11-32simple supported box girder Bridge South Large Bridge 16-32m simple supported girder+(48+80+48)m continous 97 Over-expressway DK321+669.55 2317.90 beam+49-32m simple supported girder Super Large Bridge Stone Bridge Large Stream 21m,no 98 DK325+864.98 243.65 7 -32simple supported box girder Bridge pier Mi River Super Large Mijiang 36m，2 99 DK337+622.63 898.96 27-32simple supported box girder Bridge River piers Dry Mi River Super Ganmijian 113m，4 100 DK339+483.85 1291.39 39-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge g piers Stream 28m，no Ying’an River Super pierï¼› 101 DK353+355.64 1585.01 48-32simple supported box girder Large Bridge 25m，no pier Fuxing Team 1 Large 102 DK355+987.00 897.48 27-32simple supported box girder Bridge 178 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Crossing Underwa No. Name Central Chainage Bridge Struction Type River ter Pier Length（m） Name Number 103 3 Ridges Large Bridge DK357+111.40 308.80 9 -32simple supported box girder Jingbian Super Large 15m,no 104 DK359+248.95 1817.90 55-32simple supported box girder Stream Bridge pier China Academy of Railway Science 179 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 5.4.2 Tunnel Work Environmental Influence The project has 85 tunnels of 155.144km, up to 42.46ï¼… of the total length （365.352km）of project. The basic information of the overall tunnels are as shown in the table 5-2-2. 5.4.2.2 Environmental Influence Analysis 1) Impacts of Tunnel Construction on Tunnel Top Vegetation Growth The underground water of low rolling area along the project was mainly No.4 system loose rock pore water and basic rock cranny water with some upper layer stagnant water. Songhua River alluvion plain, river, valley and basin areas along the project had the underground water of mainly No.4 system loose rock pore hidden water, partially having the loading bear capacity. The underground water was mainly supplied by the precipitation. The tunnel construction period might cause the tunnel top underground water loss so as to have an impact on it. Since no residents lived near the tunnel top, tunnel working water leakage had no impact on the the residential drinking water. The entire project tunnel lining used the waterproof concrete with the anti-leakage level no lower than P8. With the waterproof plank plus the geotextile behind the lining arch wall, the underground water leakage was effectively reduced. The major tunnel construction impact on the ground surface vegatation was that the taken-away underground water owe to the water surge during working would affect the surface vegatation growing. In accordance with the project tunnel location underground water storage conditions, water characters and hydraulic features, the underground water type was mainly the basic rock cranny water of little amount and supplied by the atmosphere precipitation, the water surge amount was estimated lower, so the tunnel works would not influence the underground water flowing status and not take the underground water at the tunnel location. Besides, the rainfall at the project area was relatively abundant, the vegetation growth got the water mainly from the atmosphere precipitation or plant withered layer or atmosphere stored in the shallow layer soil. Above all, the project tunnel would not place an bad affect on the tunnel top vegetation growth. 2) Analysis on the Tunnel Slag Influence The newly built tunnels with single cave and dual carriageways were 85, the predicted slag amount was 2285×104m3. Based on the designed earth and rock works balance situation, the utilized amount of the project tunnel was 2285×104m3, discarded slag amount was 2188.5×104m3. If the waste in tunnels could not be moved away in time, unorganized piling and dumping could cause the waste soil washed away and a serious soil erosion, and increase the mud and sand content of the ground surface runoff. Therefore, the tunnel works were required to have an optimized working organization, and move away the waste in time during excavation. Moving away work should have a temporary protection to avoid the second environment impact of the tunnel slag. The construction should follow the principle of “early getting in and late going outâ€?, try to have less or no excavation of the high slope at the entrance and exit of tunnels, when it was necessary, the protection would be needed for side and high slopes to maintain the vegetation, green environment and water and soil. The slag dump should strictly follow the principle of “retain first, then discardâ€?. Planting grass on the top of the dump top or resuming the cultivation, set the drainage ditch around the dump top and blind permeable pipe ditch to induce the collected water drainage China Academy of Railway Science 180 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project from the mountain. 3) Analysis of Tunnel Excavation Impact on the Hydrological and Geological Environment In design, the tunnel adopted the both side ditches, compound waterproof board between the initial support and second lining of the compound lining, setting the blind circular drainage pipe according to the undergroundwater development and water swelling waterstop strip at circular construction seam of the second lining. The faultage structure cranny water with larger surge and ground surface seepage at shallow coverd area should follow the design principle of “block mainly, and discharge properlyâ€?. While excavating the tunnels, if going through the water containing layer or faultage broken belt, larger gathered surge might occur, especially at the joint section of the faultage broken belt and ground water. The surface water might sink and rush into the tunnels, affecting the self-stability of the surrounding rocks and inducing the environment problems as ground surface water level going down or dry. Because of the sudden water surge during the tunnel excavation and the complicated geology along the project, it was suggested to reinforce the observation and prediction of the tunnel fragile to the water surge to minimize the impact of the tunnel works on the underground and ground surface water. A timely and logical prediction data should be submitted to the departments in charge for a prompt alleviation method. The effective measures should be taken at the area with the possible water surge to minimize the tunnel excavation impact on the water resources along the project. 5.4.2.3 Analysis of the Important Tunnel Impact (1) Lafa Mt. Tunnel 1) Lafa Mt. Tunnel General a. Project General Fala Mt. Tunnel was located between Xinkaihe village of Jiaohe city to Shangmiaozi in Jilin Province at chainage DK36+075～DK45+984 with the total length of 9909m, maximum buried depth of 632m, 2-way and 2-cave tunnel, the entrance road shouder elevation of 312.45m and exit road shouder elevation of 364.57m. The entrance and exit of the tunnel were both at the rolling area, mostly cultivated for tree plantng and vegetation development with the natural gradient of 15～20°. b. Stratum Lithology The site survey, drawing and project geological investigation revealed that the there were 3 layers of strata lithology at the bridge location. By the sequences of new and old sediment, the main properties of the strata could be simply illustrated as follows: â…  the 4thImmature Slope Debris Layer （Q4dl） Silty clay: taupe, hard plastic, containing small amount of gravel of about 5% with the diameter of 3~5mm, uneven soil quality, having plant root system, lay thickness of 0.0～1.4m, mostly distributed on the slope surface; Ⅱ（P1f）Bi-overlapped System Fanjiatun Group（P1f） â‘¡1 Slate, grey-grey black, all weathered, mostly in shape of sandy soil. China Academy of Railway Science 181 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project â‘¡2 Slate, grey black, heavily weathered, scale like crystal structure, medium thick layer formation, joint cranny and slab developped, better project geological conditions. â‘¡3 Slate: grey black, slightly weathered, scale like crystal structure, medium thick formation, joint cranny and slab developped, better project geological condition, affected by the tilted back of the Laoye Ridge, strata reversed at N338°∠54°. â…¢.（γ5）Yan Mt. Period â‘¢1 Granite: khaki, all weathered, original structure all ruined, in the shape of sandy soil, 2~5m thick. â‘¢2 Granite: hoar-pinkish, coarse granule structure, slab formation, joint cranny developped. â‘¢3 Granite: hoar color, slightly weathered, mainly medium coarse formation, joint cranny developped, mineral ingredients were mainly feldspar, quartz, biotite, rock joints were hard and commonly developed as N16°∠81° and N50°∠44°. â‘£ Lamprophyre: grey, slightly weathered, block structure, hard rock quality, belonging to the intrusive rock vein. c. Geological Structure The tunnel was located between the Tiangang-Wuli River big rupture and the tilted sides of Laoye Ridge with the complicated geology, the second lamination series reversed, passing through the fault stratum of Dadingzi-Qidaohezi, 28km in length, having two faults: F3-1 fault stratum, crossed with the line at about DK41+900 at 45°, inclined angle of about 70°. The lithology of both sides of fault were both Yan Mt. Period granite. F3 fault, crossed with the line at about DK42+400, perpendicular to the alignment, inclined angle of about 70° . The small mileage trend of fault lithology was Yan Mt. Period granite and large mileage tread was the second lamination system Fanjia Village Group slate. The tunnel entrance section had the lithology of granite（γ5）with the ordinary joint cranny development. The main joint development was at N16°∠81° and N50°∠44°t , mostly having no filling; the tunnel exit section had the property of the second lamination system Fanjia Village group （P1f）slate, affected by the tilted slopes of Laojie Ridge, stratum reversed at N338°∠54°. The underground water was bedrock cranny water, affected by the various sorts of weathering and geological action, some joint cranny developped a little, with the larger content of moisture, mainly supplied by the atmosphere precipitation. Fala Mt. tunnel project geoloty conditions were shown as in the table 4-4-2. d. Hydrologic Geology Features The ground surface runoff should be seen in the valley near the tunnel, mostly the snow-melted water; the pond scattered mainly got the water supply from the atmosphere precipitation. The underground water was bedrock cranny water, affected by the all kinds of weathering and geological action, joints developed locally, with larger moisture content and got the water supply from the atmosphere precipitation. Based on the site investigation and in view with the regional comprehensive analysis, it was estimated China Academy of Railway Science 182 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project that the most tunnel sections would have less water in the dry seasons. In the water abundant seasons, underground water level would be higher, which could cause the increase of the water surge and even local water breakout. Using the atmosphere precipitation permeable method to estimate the water surge amount. Q=2.74×а×W×A 2.74—conversion coefficientï¼› а—precipitation permeation coefficient, considering the granite stratus value of 0.15 at the granite sections; of which, considering the value of 0.20 due to the impact of fault broken belt and ground surface water collection at DK41+750～DK42+700, and 0.20 at the second lamination system slate layerï¼› W—annual precipitation（mm）, value: 651.4mmï¼› A—underground water collection area through the moisture containing body（km2） ï¼› Table 5-4-2 Water Surge Amount by the Precipitation Permeation Estimation Method Area by Wall Serial Water Surge Unit Surge Rock Water No. by chainage Colletion Amount Amount Abundance Section Area（km2） （m3/d） Degree â…  DK32＋700～DK36＋250 3.70 991 0.22 Mean â…¡ DK36+250～DK41+700 1.05 281 0.09 Poor â…¢ DK41+700～DK50+030 5.40 1928 0.36 Mean Total 10.15 3199.32 The tunnel body was located at late Hulixi period intrusive granite diorite, Yan Mt. permeable granite, with the water collection area of 10.15km2 and estimated normal water surge amount of 3199.32m3/d. e. Project Geological Condition Analysis The tunnel located area had the second system Fanjia Village Group slate, scale like crystal struture, medium thickness formation, joint cranny development and fragile rock quality; late Yan Mt. intrusive granite of mainly the medium-coarse granule structure, lump formation, some joint cranny development and harder rock, slate and granite meeting at the fault layer, underground water was mostly bedrock cranny water, developped a little. The fault broken belt had abundant water, needing the a timely strengthened support. The entrance and exit of the tunnel had fully-heavily weathered granite of 5~10m in thickness and joint cranny development. The suggested rate of grade for the side and heading slope was: silty clay：1：1.25～1：1.5, fully weathered granite: 1：1～1：1.25, heavily weathered granite:1：0.75～1：1, the controlled side slope height of 10m. The exit had the fullly-heavily weathered slate of 3～5m in thickness, joint cranny development, the suggested rate of grade for side and heading slope was: silty clay: 1：1.25～1：1.5, fully weathered slate: 1：1.25～1： 1.5, heavily weathered granite: 1：1～1：1.25, the controlled side slope height of 8m, avoiding the slope excavation by layers. 2）Impact Analysis and Protection Suggestion â‘  Impact Analysis on the Tunnel Top Vegetation China Academy of Railway Science 183 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project The tunnel construction impact on the ground surface vegetation was mainly from the bad effect of the possible water surge. Based on the site investigation, the tunnel located areas had less human movement, the top vegetation growth needed water could be gained naturally; the area has larger rainfall. The tunnel top had the developping vegetation and high coverage degree, together with less human and other animal activities, thicker withered leaves cover, lower ground surface water flow coeffecient, higher rainfall permeability, the soil had the high moisture content and water containing capacity. Calculated with the flow coefficient of 0.3, 40～50ï¼… of natural rainfall retained in the withered fallen matters and soil, counted by the 650mm of annual average rainfall, 0.26～0.33m3 of per unit surface area(per m2) natural rainfall could be used for the tree growth. Assessed by 120m3/mu of woodland water requirement quota, per unit area(per m2) needs water quota of 0.18m3, so the natural rainfall could be sufficient for the tunnel top vegetation growth. The tunnel water surge occurred mostly at the pore distributed area, but with no much possiblility. According to the investigation and analysis, the tunnel top vegetation growth supply was mainly from the precipition, having no direct connection with the underground water. The surge leakage of this tunnel was largely of the aperture water, basically having no impact on the soil moisture content. Thus, the project tunnel construction had only slight impact on the top vegetation. â‘¡ Analysis of the Slag Impact on the Environment The slag amount of the project tunnel was 192.06×104m3, the improper slag disposal, random piling or dumping, the serious soil erosion might occur during the storm seasons and increase the silt content in the nearby ditches. The slag dumping pit at the entrance section was proposed at about DK38+200 on the right, with the capacity of 21.7×104m³, occupied the farmland and woodland about 2.7hm2, the average transportation distance was 4km; No.1,2,3 and 4 inclined well dumping pit was on the right of the Miaodonggou dump pit at DK39+000 with the capacity of 153.8×104m³, taking the farmland and woodland about 19.2hm2, the average transportation distance of 6km; The slag dumping pit at the exit section was proposed near right of Hengdaozi Village at DK38+200, with the capacity of 153.8×104m³, occupied the farmland and woodland about 2.1hm2, the average transportation distance of 4km. The assessment suggested to optimize the working organization, removing the slag in time to reduce the temporary material stacking period in consideration of the project situation; following the principle of “retain first, then discardâ€?, greening the slag top or resuming the farm, setting the drainage ditch around the slag pit top and permeable blind ditch at the bottom to induce to collected water to drain. â‘¢ Analysis of Tunnel Excavation Impact on the Hydrological Geology The underground water at project tunnel area was the bedrock cranny water, no development, so hydro-geological impact was mainly the impact of the tunnel water surge on the underground water system. In order to minimize the tunnel construction impact on the hydro-geological environment, it was suggested to take the following measures: First, the tunnel adopted the both side ditches, compound waterproof board between the initial lining support and second lining of the compound lining, setting the blind circular drainage pipe according to China Academy of Railway Science 184 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project the undergroundwater development. The water surge and breakout area should follow the design principle of “block mainly, and discharge properlyâ€? to maintain the integrity of the underground water course to the maximum extent. Second, the effective measures should be taken to reinforce the tunnel surge observation and prediction at the areas with possible water surge to minimize the tunnel excavation impact on the water resources along the project. â‘£ Other Comments The construction waste water should be seperated as clean and dirty with the sewage facilities placed at tunnel entrance(including auxiliary pit mouth) and used for the road surface sprinkling or discharge. The tunnel should try to adopt the environment friendly gate, reduce the brushing-off height of the side and heading slope at the opening, make less or no damage on the ground surface vegetaion. During the construction, the construction of the assess roads, sheds and working sites should maintain the natural relief. Upon the completion of the work, the restorage should be made for the damaged side and heading slope and vegetation; The soundproof facilities should be installed inside working machinery such as air compressors, wind ventilators while having possible conditions; the water curtain should be used to reduce the dust, poisonous and harmful gas from boring and explosive excavation, vehicle transportation, anchor spraying works; sprinkling the road surface regularily to avoid the second dusting from vehicle flow or blast impulsion. (2) Shuinan Tunnel 1）Shuinan Tunnel General a. Project General Shuinan tunnel is located between Shuinan village of Yanbian Tumen City and Lixin village at chainage of DK284+626～DK290+869, 6243m in total length, 405m of maxium buried depth. It was proposed that the tunnel should go through the rolling area, away from villages and residential areas, ground elevation of 177.96m～545.80m, verticle natural slope angle at 20～60°, horizontal natural angle generally at 15～45°, vegetation of mostly weed and trees, a little farmland at entrance and exit. b.Stratum Lithology In accordance with the site survey, drawing and project investigation results, the main properties of the stratum lithology by times sequence at tunnel location could be simply stated as follows â‘ The 4th system Holocene eluvial layer（Q4el+dl）silty clay: grey, purple, browny yellow, hard plastic, local having breccia content in small quantity, 4.0～12m in thickness, distributed mostly in the valley and on the gentle slope; â‘¡1 Jurassic system top and mid-series lava group（αJ2-3）, Andesite completely weathered; grey, purple grey, cryptocrystalline structure, rock weathered as sandy soil, partial content of andesite breccia, 5～35m in thickness; â‘¡2 Jurassic system top and middle lava group（αJ2-3）, andesite heavily weathered; grey, maroon, cryptocrystalline structure, lump formation, joint cranny development, rock mass weathered as broken block, 8～25m in thickness; â‘¢2 Hualixi period granite diorite(γδ4）heavily weathered: grey, grey yellow, medium and coarse granule, joint cranny development, rock weathered as broken shape, 5～45m thick; China Academy of Railway Science 185 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project â‘¢3 Hualixi period granite diorite(γδ4）slightly weathered: grey, medium and coarse granule, the main mineral ingredient having quartz, mica, feldspar, hornblende, hard rock, some joint cranny development; â‘£1 Hualixi period granite (γδ4）completely weathered: khaki, grey, medium coarse granule, rock weathered as sandy soil, 5～30m thick; â‘£2 Hualixi period granite diorite(γδ4）heavily weathered: khaki, flesh color, medium coarse granule, rock weathered as sandy soil , joint cranny development, 10～60m thick; c. Geological Structure Geological conditions in the project range were not bad with no obvious large fault formation. Shuinan tunnel project geological situation was shown in the figure 4-4-3. d.Hydro-geological Property No perennial flowing water within the tunnel range, the valley development had seasonal water with the amount change by seasons. The underground water was bedrock cranny water, some development, getting the water supply from atmosphere precipitation, 10～30m of underground water buried depth. By the site investigation and data comprehensive analysis, most section of the tunnel had no water in dry seasons, but in water abundant seasons, the underground water level could be high, there was possible water surge increase and even small amount of breakout at fault, erosive broken belt. Using the atmosphere precipitation permeable method to estimate the water surge amount. Q=2.74 ×а×W ×A 2.74—conversion coefficientï¼› а—precipitation intrusive coefficient, considering the granite stratus value of 0.15 at the granite sections, 0.18 at the tunnel shallow buried area and intrusive rock edge erosive break-upï¼› W—annual precipitation（mm）, value: 547 .4 mmï¼› A—underground water collection area through the moisture containing body（km2） ï¼› Table 5-4-3 Water Surge Amount by the Precipitation Permeation Estimation Method Serial No. Water Colletion Area by chainage （ Surge Amount m3/d） （km2） Section â…  DK284＋400～DK287＋600 12 2700 â…¡ DK287＋600～DK290+869 8 2025 Total 20 4725 The tunnel body is located at late Hulixi period intrusive granite, granite diorite and andesite section, with the water collection area of 20km2 and estimated normal water surge amount of 4725m3/d. e. Project Geological Condition Analysis The tunnel entrance was all heavily weathered granite, and the exit all heavily weathered andesite, rock was a little fragile, complete weathered layer was in gravel and broken lump, it was thicker, side slope stability was not good and easy to collapse; small amount of silty clay; while excavating cave entrance, the ground surface water should be led to avoid its inflow and reinforce the support measures. The bedrock of the fault formation belt and lithology contacting belt was fragile, easy to collapse; China Academy of Railway Science 186 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project cranny water developed to some extent, so the waterproof, drainage and support should be emphasized. 2）Impact Analysis and Protection Suggestion â‘ Impact Analysis on the Tunnel Top Vegetation The tunnel construction impact on the ground surface vegetation was mainly shown as the bad effect of the possible water surge on the ground surface vegetation. Based on the site investigation, the tunnel located areas had less human movement, the top vegetation growth needed water could be gained naturally; the area has the larger rainfall, the tunnel top had the developping vegetation and high coverage degree, together with less human and other animal activities, thicker withered leaves cover, lower ground surface water flow coeffecient, higher rainfall permeability, the soil had the high moisture content and water containing capacity. Calculated with the flow coefficient of 0.3, 40～50ï¼… of natural rainfall retained in the withered fallen matters and soil, counted by the 547mm of annual average rainfall, 0.22～0.28m3 of per unit surface area(per m2) natural rainfall could be used for the tree growth. Assessed by 120m3/mu of woodland water requirement quota, per unit area(per m2) needs water quota of 0.18m3, so the natural rainfall could be sufficient for the tunnel top vegetation growth. According to the investigation and analysis, the tunnel top vegetation growth supply was mainly from the precipitation, having no direct connection with the underground water. The surge leakage of this tunnel was largely of the aperture water, basically having no impact on the soil moisture content. Thus, the project tunnel construction had only slight impact on the top vegetation. â‘¡Analysis on the Slag Impact on the Environment The slag amount of the project tunnel was 96×104m3, the improper slag disposal, random piling or dumping, the serious soil erosion might occur during the storm seasons and increase the silt content in the nearby ditches. The slag dumping pit at Shuinan tunnel entrance section was proposed at the valley 1300m away on the right at DK288+400, with the capacity of 28×104m³, occupied the farmland and woodland about 3.5hm2, the average transportation distance was 4km; No.1 inclined well waste pit was at the valley 2700m right away at DK289+700 with the capacity of 25×104m³, taking the farmland and woodland about 3.1hhm2, the average transportation distance of 3km; No.2 inclined well waste pit was at the valley 2700m right away at DK289+750 with the capacity of 15×104m³, taking the farmland and woodland about 1.9hm2, the average transportation distance of 3.5km; The slag dumping pit at the Shuinan tunnel exit section was at the valley 1900m right away at DK291+900 with the capacity of 28×104m³, taking the farmland and woodland about 3.5hm2, the average transportation distance of 4km. The assessment suggested to optimize the working organization, removing the slag in time to reduce the temporary material stacking period in consideration of the project situation; following the principle of “retain first, then discardâ€?, greening the slag top or resuming the farm, setting the drainage ditch around the slag pit top and permeable blind ditch at the bottom to induce to collected water to drain. â‘¢Analysis of Tunnel Excavation Impact on the Hydrological Geology The underground water at project tunnel area was the bedrock cranny water, no development, so hydro-geological impact was mainly the impact of the tunnel water surge on the underground water system. China Academy of Railway Science 187 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project In order to minimize the tunnel construction impact on the hydro-geological environment, it was suggested to take the following measures: First, the tunnel adopted the both side ditches, compound waterproof board between the initial lining support and second lining of the compound lining, setting the blind circular drainage pipe according to the undergroundwater development. The water surge and breakout area should follow the design principle of “block mainly, and discharge properlyâ€? to maintain the integrity of the underground water course to the maximum extent. Second, the effective measures should be taken to reinforce the tunnel surge observation and prediction at the areas with the possible water surge to minimize the tunnel excavation impact on the water resources along the project. â‘£Other Comments The construction waste water should be seperated as clean and dirty with the sewage facilities placed at tunnel entrance(including auxiliary pit mouth) and used for the road surface sprinkling or discharge. The tunnel should try to adopt the environment friendly gate, reduce the height of the cave side and heading slope, make less or no damage on the ground surface vegetaion. During the construction, the arrangement of the assess roads, sheds and working sites should maintain the natural relief and resume the vegetation on the damaged tunnel entrance side and heading slope; The sound-proof facilities should be installed to the inside working machinery such as air compressor, wind ventilator while having possible conditions; the water curtain should be used to reduce the dust, poisonous and harmful gas from boring and explosive excavation, vehicle transportation, anchor spraying works; sprinkling the road regularily to avoid the second dusting from vehicle moving or blast impulsion wave. Caomu Valley Tunnel Fala Mt. Tunnel Entrance Location Entrance Location China Academy of Railway Science 188 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Zhongyuji Tunnel Exit Location Sunlight Mt. Tunnel Entrance Location Fala Mt. Inclined Well Location Figure 5-4-4 Part of the Entrance and Exit Location Photos China Academy of Railway Science 189 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-4-4 Tunnel Condition Summary Upper Part & Maxium Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution Located at hilly area with larger wave and partial alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial Sensitive point farmland, vegetation development; surface covered by the at 100m to the Longtan Mt. DK5+894.6 1 DK4+664.75 DK5+280 1230 4th series of immuture slope residue layer; silty clay, 99.7 entrance and Tunnel 8 underlined 2 overlapped series warm wood strip group: 200m to the slate with tranformed sandstone, complete entrance weathered-slightly, fragile rock. Located at hilly area with larger wave and partial alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial farmland, vegetation development; no geological formation development. surface covered by the 4th series Caomugou of immuture slope residue layer, silty clay hard plastic. No sensitive 2 DK22+666 DK24+350 DK26+033 3367 130 以上 Tunnel Underlined with Hualixi mid-late period: mix-colored point granite, all weathered belt in sandy soil; heavily weathered belt in broken lump; slightly weathered belt in column, 4th series, thin cover, underlined with mix-colored granite and thicker weathered layer. Beicigou No sensitive 3 DK27+953 DK28+292 DK28+631 678 Located at hilly area with larger wave and partial alluvion 63 Tunnel development; woodland on the both sides, partial point Lanjialing farmland, vegetation development; no geological No sensitive 4 DK29+237 DK29+363 DK29+489 252 30 Tunnel formation development. surface covered by the thin 4th point Huopengou series of immuture slope residue layer, silty clay hard No sensitive 5 DK31+337 DK31+625 DK31+912 575 plastic, 2~5m thick. Underlined with mid-late perio Hualixi 67 Tunnel point d: mix-colored granite, all weathered belt in sandy soil; Sensitive point Qingling 6 DK33+885 DK34+280 DK34+675 790 heavily weathered belt in broken lump; slightly weathered 63 at 260m to the Tunnel belt in column, 4th series, thin cover. exit China Academy of Railway Science 190 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution Located at hilly area with larger wave and partial alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial farmland, vegetation development; no geological formation development. surface covered by the thin 4th series of immuture slope residue layer, silty clay hard plastic, underlined with early Yan Mt. period: mix-colored granite: granite diorite, complete diorite~slightly Sensitive point Fala Mt. 7 DK36+075 DK41+030 DK45+984 9909 weathered. Project geological features: thin 4th series 269.0 以上 at 160m to the Tunnel covering layer, underlined with granite diorit, thicker entrance weathered layer. The project features: surface covered by the thin 4th series layer, Underlined with granite diorite, thicker completely weathered layer. Loctoated between Tiangang-5-mile river large rupture and Laojieling inclined slope, tunnel body formation developped, and with broken rock. Shuangmiaozi Medium low mountain area. The 4th series of neo-slople No sensitive 8 DK46+190 DK47+849 DK49+507 3317 Over 203 Tunnel alluvion layer: fine and round gravel soil; silty clay, hard point plastic. 2 overlapped series Xiaotong Fanjia village group: slate with transformed sandstone, grey black, completely Donglinzi No sensitive 9 DK51+877 DK52+316 DK52+754 877 weathered; heavily, slightly weathered, affected by the 155 Tunnel tilted back of the Laoye Ridge, strata reversed at N338°∠ point 54°. Located at low hilly area with larger wave and partial alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial farmland, vegetation development; no geological Dongnancha formation development. surface covered by the thin 4th No sensitive 10 DK53+081 DK53+571 DK54+060 979 121 Tunnel series of immuture slope residue layer, silty clay. point Underlined the early Yan Mt. period: granite diorite, completely weathered surface~slightly weathered. Geology features: covered by the thin 4th series layer, China Academy of Railway Science 191 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution underlined with granite diorite, thicker completely weathered layer. Located at low hilly area with larger wave and partial Sensitive point Perfume 11 DK54+823 DK57+042 DK59+260 4437 alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial 108 at 266m to the Tunnel farmland, vegetation development; no geological entrance formation development. surface covered by the thin 4th No sensitive 12 Taiping Tunnel DK60+152 DK60+454 DK60+756 604 series of immuture slope residue alluvion layer: silty clay. 78 Underlined the early Yan Mt. period: granite diorite, point completely weathered surface~slightly weathered. No sensitive 13 Jiaoxi Tunnel DK65+063 DK65+309 DK65+554 491 Geology features: covered by the thin 4th series layer, 255 underlined with granite diorite, thicker completely point weathered layer. Fuqiang No sensitive 14 DK80+252 DK81+369 DK82+485 2233 145 Tunnel point Sensitive point Tangjiagangzi 15 DK83+769 DK84+221 DK84+673 904 55 at 266m to the Tunnel exit Sensitive point Located at low hilly area with larger wave and partial at 280m to the Caoyanggou 16 DK85+029 DK85+613 DK86+196 1167 alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial 65 etrance and Tunnel farmland, vegetation development; surface covered by the 230m to the thin 4th series of immuture slope residue alluvion layer: exit silty clay. Underlined the late Hualixi period : granite (fully Houtaipingling No sensitive 17 DK86+592 DK86+707 DK86+822 230 weathered) 43 Tunnel point， No sensitive 18 Ailing Tunnel DK91+308 DK91+984 DK92+660 1352 100 以上 point Sensitive point Stone Gate 19 DK91+283 DK94+358 DK97+432 6149 170 以上 at 178m to the Tunnel enrance China Academy of Railway Science 192 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution Located at low hilly area with larger wave and partial alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial farmland, vegetation development; surface covered by the 4th neo-silty clay: hard plastic. Underlined late Hulixi Qianlishu No. period granite((fully weathered). Hydro-geological No sensitive 20 DK98+012 DK98+521 DK99+030 1018 68 1 Tunnel features: small amount of surface water in some valleys, point changing with seasons; underground water being bedrock cranny, affected by various of weathering and geological action, some joint cranny developped a little, contenting cranny water, supplied by the atmosphere rainfall. Qianlishu No. Located at low hilly area with larger wave and partial No sensitive 21 DK99+597 DK99+764 DK99+931 334 55 2 Tunnel alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial point farmland, vegetation development; surface covered by the Qianlishu No. DK100+34 DK100+54 No sensitive 22 DK100+139 403 4th neo-silty clay: hard plastic. Underlined late Hulixi 45 3 Tunnel 1 2 period granite((fully weathered). point Sandaotou DK109+03 DK109+54 Located at low hilly area with larger wave and partial No sensitive 23 DK108+530 1010 65 Tunnel 5 0 alluvion development; woodland on the both sides, partial point farmland, vegetation development; no geological formation. surface covered by the 4th neo-powder layer, adhesive soil: hard plastic. Underlined late Hulixi period granite((fully weathered). Partial content of angle, gravel; covered by the 4th immuture slope residue remains layer: silty clay: hard plastic. 10% content of breccia, broken Sensitive point Weihuling DK112+52 DK114+07 24 DK110+970 3109 stone, mostly granite, distributed along the whole section, 100 以上 at 270m to the Tunnel 5 9 partially broken gravel and earth. Underlined late Hulixi exit period granite((fully weathered). Partial content of angle, gravel; heavily weathered granite, medium coarse granule struture, lump formation, joint cranny developped; slightly weathered granite, medium coarse granule struture, lump formation, joint cranny developped. Geological features: China Academy of Railway Science 193 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution thinner 4th series covering layer, underlined granite diorite, thicker completely weathered layer. Dachuan DK125+81 DK126+25 Located at the low hilly area, having many “Vâ€?-shape No sensitive 25 DK125+384 869 120 Tunnel 9 3 valley, with some undulation. Better vegetation cover, point having farmlands on valley sides and in the valleys. Sensitive point Sandaoquan DK126+76 DK127+02 26 DK126+496 529 Surface covered the 4th immuture slope residue remains 60 at 367m to the No.1 Tunnel 1 5 silty clay: hard plastic, uneven soil, having breccia. exit Underlined the 3rd upper neo-ship bottom Mt. group basalt: spot structure, lump formation, hard quality, not Sensitive point 三 fragile, slightly weathered; late Halixi period granite: at 355m to the DK128+81 DK130+13 27 Sandaoquan DK127+482 2656 medium coarse spot structure, hard but not fragile, heavily 85 entrance and 0 8 No.2 Tunnel weathered, distributed at the entrance of the Dachuantun 388m to the Tunnel exit Shuangquansh Located at the low hilly and gulch area with large Sensitive point DK131+04 DK131+51 28 ang No.1 DK130+580 935 undulation, having “Vâ€?-shape valley. Better vegetation 92.0 at 300m to the 8 5 Tunnel cover, having farmlands in the valley and on the gentle exit slope, others mainly as woodland. Surface covered by the 4th immuture slope residue remains layer: silty clay: 4th Shuangquansh immuture slope residue remains layer: silty clay, uneven DK132+12 DK132+27 No sensitive 29 ang No. 2 DK131+985 285 soil, having breccia. Partially seen basalt lump gravel. 44 8 0 Underlined 4th series renewed platina group basalt: spot point Tunnel structure, lump formation, hard quality, slightly weathered; partial having almond kernel basalt. Located at the low gentlly hilly with large undulation, the gradient degree of 9～200 at tunnel entrance and exit. Mingchuan DK133+81 DK134+51 No sensitive 30 DK133+112 1407 Surface covered by the 4th immuture slope residue 50 Tunnel 6 9 remains layer: silty clay: uneven soil, having basalt, point Partially seen basalt lump gravel, distributed mainly hill slope. Underlined 4th renewed platina group: basalt: China Academy of Railway Science 194 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution heavily weathered, lump structure, spot formation, joint cranny developped, distributed mainly at low hill top. The 3rd medium neo-tumenzi group: adhesive soil rock, heavily weathered, mud structure, medium thick layer, main content of Mentuo stone. Underground water mainly bedrock cranny water, supplied by the atmosphere precipitation, changing largly with seasons. Having possible water surge at tunnel body construction, necessary protective measures required. Located at the low hilly and gulch area with gentle undulation, having farmlands, surface covered by the 4th immuture slope residue remains layer: silty clay: hard plastic, uneven soil, seenable angel gravel, partially seen basalt lump gravel. Underlined 4th series renewed platina group basalt: spot structure, lump formation, hard quality, slightly weathered; partial having almond kernel basalt. High Pine DK143+97 DK144+79 The 3rd medium neo-tumenzi group with fine sandstione No sensitive 31 DK143+149 1646 78 TreeTunnel 2 5 and mudstone, heavily weathered, gravel structure, mud point cementation, worse rock formation quality, completely weathered, in sand and soil with partioal adhesive soil rock: thick and fine on the surface, light and turn to loose sand meeting the water; medium thick layer, main content of Mentuo stone. The 3rd medium neo-tumenzi group basalt: lump structure, spot formation, partially pore ditributed, heavily weathered, joint cranny developped. Located at the low hilly and gulch area with gentle undulation, having farmlands, surface covered by the 4th Beiguan DK145+78 DK146+06 No sensitive 32 DK145+510 553 immuture slope residue remains layer: silty clay: hard 44 Tunnel 7 3 point plastic, uneven soil, seenable angel gravel, partially seen basalt lump gravel. Underlined 4th series renewed platina China Academy of Railway Science 195 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution group basalt: spot structure, lump formation, hard quality, slightly weathered; partial having almond kernel basalt. The 3rd medium neo-tumenzi group with fine sandstione and mudstone, heavily weathered, gravel structure, mud cementation, worse rock formation quality, completely weathered, in sand and soil with partioal adhesive soil rock: thick and fine on the surface, light and turn to loose sand meeting the water; medium thick layer, main content of Mentuo stone. The 3rd medium neo-tumenzi group basalt: lump structure, spot formation, partially pore ditributed, heavily weathered, joint cranny developped. Located at the low hilly area with gentle undulation, having farmlands, surface covered by the 4th immuture slope residue remains layer: silty clay: hard plastic, uneven soil, seenable angel gravel, partially seen basalt lump gravel. Underlined 4th series renewed platina group basalt: spot structure, lump formation, hard quality, slightly weathered; partial having DK151+51 DK151+68 No sensitive 33 Teibei Tunnel DK151+348 340 almond kernel basalt. The 3rd medium neo-tumenzi group 50 8 8 point with fine sandstione and mudstone, heavily weathered, gravel structure, mud cementation, worse rock formation quality, completely weathered, in sand and soil with partioal adhesive soil rock: thick and fine on the surface, light and turn to loose sand meeting the water; medium thick layer, main content of Mentuo stone. Located in the medium & low hilly area, large mountain, tree Sensitive point West Mt. DK171+37 DK172+10 34 DK170+644 1460 grown on the mountain slope, ground surface mostly covered 103 at 220 in the Tunnel 4 4 in the woodland. No geological development. Underlined with mid-north Zhengyi Tunnel DK186+35 DK187+10 Yan Mt. period granite, completely weathered in soil status No sensitive 35 DK185+615 1488 with small amount of broken pieces; heavily weathered belt 82 1 9 3 point Zhe Zhengyi Tunnel DK187+532 DK187+77 DK188+02 in spot structure, no joint cranny developped, in large lump 488 and broken pieces; slightly weathered belt in spot structure, 51 No sensitive China Academy of Railway Science 196 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution ngy 2 6 0 joint cranny developped, in large lump and thick layer. point i Ha’erbaling DK188+65 DK188+99 No sensitive 37 DK188+305 693 Located at the medium & low hilly area, tree grown on the 70 以上 Tunnel 1 2 8 point Ha’erbalinTunn DK192+34 DK193+57 mountain slope, ground surface mostly covered in the No sensitive 38 DK191+108 2469 woodland. No geological development. Underlined with late 125 el 2 3 7 point Hulixi period granite, seemed as spot granite with diorite Nangou Tunnel DK194+89 DK195+28 Sensitive point 39 DK194+498 787 dike, spot structure, heavily~slightly weathered, joint cranny 88 1 2 5 at 237m to exit developped; appearing granite diorite dike, heavily Nangou Tunnel DK196+31 DK196+78 No sensitive 40 DK195+853 930 weathered, distributed in parallel perpendicular to the 100 2 8 3 ground, joint cranny developped; the mountain surface layer point DK197+85 DK198+75 No sensitive 41 Beitun Tunnel 1 DK196+955 1802 in broken pieces. 104 6 7 point DK198+73 DK199+12 Sensitive point 42 Beitun Tunnel 2 DK198+349 777 69 8 6 at 153m to exit DK201+13 DK202+19 Sensitive point 43 Beitun Tunnel 3 DK200+081 2111 142 7 2 at 60m to exit Liangbing DK202+55 DK202+66 Sensitive point 44 DK202+446 221 42 Tunnel 1 7 7 Located at the medium & low hilly area, tree grown on the at 83m to exit LiangbinTunnel DK203+56 DK204+00 mountain slope, ground surface mostly covered in the No sensitive 45 DK203+119 883 100 2 1 2 woodland. No geological development. Underlined with the point LiangbinTunnel DK204+33 DK204+49 granite of Yan Mt. period, seemed as spot structure, No sensitive 46 DK204+178 317 heavily~slightly weathered, joint cranny developped; the 55 3 7 5 point DK204+88 DK204+92 mountain surface layer in mature fores. The underground Sensitive point 47 Fengxi Tunnel 1 DK204+832 97 surface being bedrock cranny. 34 1 9 at 270m to exit Sensitive point DK205+19 DK205+36 48 Fengxi Tunnel 2 DK205+020 345 66 at 278 in the 3 5 mdi-south DK206+05 DK206+61 No sensitive 49 Fengxi Tunnel 3 DK205+503 1107 88 7 0 point China Academy of Railway Science 197 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution DK207+63 DK208+05 No sensitive 50 Fengxi Tunnel 4 DK207+217 835 62 5 2 point Puguang DK208+26 DK208+33 No sensitive 51 DK208+196 134 48 Tunnel 3 0 point DK210+46 DK212+25 No sensitive 52 Gaotai Tunnel DK208+683 3568 165 7 1 point Sensitive point Dragon Mt. DK213+28 DK213+35 within 70m of 53 DK213+218 137 41 Tunnel 7 5 both sides of the exit 9-DragonsTunn DK219+60 DK221+20 No sensitive 54 DK218+004 3199 140 以上 el 4 3 point Located at the medium and low hilly area and part of alluvion plain with larger undulation, having farmlands in the flat section and woodland at the rolling area, no geological development. Surface covered by the 4th neo-alluvion layer: silty clay: hard plastic, uneven soil, Jingcheng DK228+13 DK228+33 seenable angel gravel; , partially seen basalt lump gravel. No sensitive 55 DK227+928 404 65 Tunnel 0 2 The 4th neo-alluvion broken soil and gravel: satuated, point densed-medium densed, mostly granite, filled with the coarse round gravel earthworks and earth with sand. Underlined with late Hulixi granite: medium spot structued granule, lump formation, heavily~slightly weathered, joint cranny developped. The underground water being the 4th Dacheng DK229+72 DK230+11 series covering layer pore water and bedrock cranny Sensitive point 56 DK229+339 777 water. 88 Tunnel 8 6 at 53m to exit 5-family DK232+89 DK233+37 Ground surface the 4th neo-remains accumulation silty No sensitive 57 DK232+403 975 120 Tunnel 1 8 clay, partial content of angle and broken gravel, point 58 5-peak Mt. DK233+775 DK235+61 DK237+45 3676 underlined with biotite granite, biotite granite diorite: lump 165 No sensitive China Academy of Railway Science 198 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution Tunnel 3 1 formation, medium coarse structure, main mineral content point of quartz, felpstar, biotite, hornblende, etc. completely Yushuchuan DK238+73 DK239+81 No sensitive 59 DK237+641 2177 weathered in gravel earth status, 5～8m thick; heavily 154 Tunnel 0 8 point weathered in broken status, 10~20m thick. Cock Crown Mt. DK242+31 DK244+64 Sensitive point 60 DK239+976 4670 180 以上 Tunnel 1 6 at 220m to exit th Surface covered by the 4 neo-silty clay remains lamination layer, exposed layer thickness of 1.1 ～ 3m, containing weathered gravel and rock and plant rooting. The 4th neo-coarse gravel remains lamination layer, exposed layer thickness of 4m, slightly humid, medium dense, mainly with andesite and quartz, edged, granule diameter of 4-10cm, filled mainly adhesive soil of 40%. Underlined with andesite, fully weathered, spop structure, lump formation, weathered DK245+22 DK245+56 as earth containing small amount of broken pieces; heavily No sensitive 61 Qiyang Tunnel DK244+875 694 80 2 9 weathered, spop structure, lump formation, joint cranny point developped a little, broken rock, rock core mostly broken, normal diameter of 3-6cm and maxium diameter of 15cm; slightly weathered, semi-crystal structure, lump formation, joint cranny developped, slightly broken rock, main mineral content of quartz, mica, fully weathered, joint cranny well developped, rock weathered as gravel earht; heavily weathered, joint cranny developped. Slightly weathered, some joint cranny development. Gold-Buda DK247+99 DK248+21 Located at rolling area with larger undulation and valley in the No sensitive 62 DK247+780 436 55 Temple Tunnel 8 6 valley. Vegetation developped, mainly dry land. Surface point Yongchang DK253+01 DK254+22 covered by the 4th neo-alluvion silty clay: soft plastic, partial Sensitive point 63 DK251+800 2420 content of fine angel gravel; The 4th neo-alluvion fine and 101 Tunnel 0 0 at 5m0 to exit round gravel earth, loose-dense, humid-satuated, filled with Fuming Tunnel DK257+32 DK257+56 Sensitive point 64 DK257+085 480 adhisive earth, mainly distributed in the washed valley. The 50 1 5 5 th 4 neo-silty clay: hard plastic, partial content of angel gravel at 112m to exit China Academy of Railway Science 199 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution and broken stone, distributed on the hill alongway. Underlined with cretaceous upper mud rock, gravel and rock interlaced layer , mud cementation, fully weathered thickness of 2～8m; heavely weathered thickness of 5～30m. Fuming Tunnel DK258+74 DK259+57 Located at the rolling area with larger undulatio, alluvion No sensitive 65 DK257+923 1652 71 2 9 5 valleys and vegetation developped, mainly having point Mingxing DK271+49 DK271+94 woodlandg farmlands in the flat section and woodland and Sensitive point 66 DK271+040 900 dry land. Surface covered by the 4th neo-silty clay: hard 46 Tunnel 0 0 at 210m to exit Development DK272+58 DK272+74 plastic, cutting secting havign no luster with medium streghth No sensitive 67 DK272+425 322 and toughness, with landing soil of 0-0.4m deep, having plant 30 Tunnel 6 7 point Dongxing DK278+23 DK278+66 rooting system of 0.0～1.5m, mostly distributed on the slope Sensitive point 68 Tunnel DK277+817 9 1 844 surface; The 4th neo-fine breccia soil, loose-dense, 44 at 135m to exit humid-satuated, normal granule diameter of 3-20mm, 50% DK280+46 DK280+66 No sensitive 69 Fuxing Tunnel DK280+275 385 content with small broken stone of maxium diameter of 33 8 0 point 180mm and 0.0～5.5m, distributed on the slope surface, Underlined with cretaceous Longjing group gravel rock, mud Guangxing DK281+32 DK281+90 rock, layered structure, mud cementation, heavely No sensitive 70 DK280+753 1147 weathered layer thickness of 15 ～ 30m with loose rock; 69 Tunnel 7 0 point slightly weathered layer with soft rock and medium-high distensibility. Surface covered by the 4th neo-silty clay remains layer, partial content of breccia and broken stone. Underlined with DK287+74 DK290+86 granite, granite diorite, lump formation, medium coarse No sensitive 71 Shuinan Tunnel DK284+626 6243 Over 178 8 9 granule struture, main mineral content of quartz, feldspar, point biotite, hornblende, etc. fully weathered as gravel earth; heavily weathered as broken pieces, 10~20m thick. 72 Shangdongjing DK291+062 DK294+23 DK297+40 6343 Surface covered the 4th neo-alluvion gravel earth, Over 164 No sensitive Tunnel 4 5 dense-medium dense, humid~satuated, mainly filled point Lifeng Mt. DK298+33 DK298+88 adhesive soil, fine breccia earth, mostly having the 4th No sensitive 73 DK297+789 1096 neo-remains slope accumulated silty clay, hard plastic, 129.9 Tunnel 7 5 point China Academy of Railway Science 200 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution containing breccia and broken stone, distributed on the hill along the project. Underlined with cretaceous Longjing group mud rock and sand rock, mud cementation, fully weathered layer thickness of 5~15m; heavily weathered layer thickness of 10～40m; the following slightly weathered layer distributed mainly at section of CK298+700-CK298+945, CK299+883-CK300+100, CK300+300-CK303+283; Jurassic Sensitive point Riguang Mt. DK302+30 DK305+36 within 70m both 74 DK299+247 6122 system and upper andesite sort: mainly andesite rock, Over 180 Tunnel 8 9 andesite breccia rock, andesite tuff, fully weathered layer of sides of exit 3-10m; heavely weathered layer thickness of 5-20m; Hualixi period granite diorite, lump formation, mainly contained diorite, quatz, hard rock, 3～10m thick; heavily weathered layer of 8～20m thick. going throung Longjing group stratum of medium-strong distensibility; 2 faults passing through at CK300+100 å’Œ CK302+300. Hou’an Mt. DK312+50 DK316+47 Surface covered the 4th neo-alluvion breccia earth, No sensitive 75 DK308+542 7929 198 Tunnel 7 1 dense-medium dense, humid~satuated, mainly filled point adhesive soil, fine and coarse breccia earth, distributed most in the valley. The 4th neo-remains slope accumulated silty clay, hard plastic, containing breccia and broken stone, distributed on the hill along the project. Underlined with the 3rd Huichun group mud and sand rock, mud cementation, partial having thin coal layer, fully weathered layer thickness Qingrong DK319+74 DK320+16 of 5~15m; heavily weathered layer thickness of 10～20m; the No sensitive 76 DK319+326 843 103 Tunnel 8 9 following slightly weathered layer with medium-strong point distensibility, mainly exposed at section CK315+080-CK315+176, CK319+564-CK320+200. 2 overlapped system down Kedao group Tuff slate and tuff sandstone interlaced layer of 5-10m. Hulixi period granite heavely weathered layer thickness of 5-20m; Hualixi period granite diorite, lump formation, mainly China Academy of Railway Science 201 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution contained diorite, quatz, hard rock, 3～10m thick; heavily weathered layer of 8～20m thick. Slightly weathered layer exposed at section CK320+200～CK321+200. the 3rd coal system stratum, Hou’an Mt. tunnel exit and Qingrong tunnel had gas. DK324+67 DK325+72 Surface covered the 4th neo-alluvion breccia earth, Sensitive point 77 Funing Tunnel DK323+621 2106 75 4 7 dense-medium dense, humid~satuated, mainly filled at 105m to exit th DK329+49 DK332+96 adhesive soil, distributed most in the valley. The 4 No sensitive 78 Xixiakan Tunnel DK326+029 6940 neo-remains slope accumulated silty clay, hard plastic, Over 180 9 9 point Mijingxiang DK334+09 DK335+03 containing breccia and broken stone, distributed on the hill No sensitive 79 Tunnel 1 DK333+140 0 9 1899 along the project. Underlined with the 3rd Huichun group mud 148 point and sand rock, mud cementation, partial having thin coal Mijingxiang DK336+20 DK337+15 No sensitive 80 DK335+264 1889 layer, fully weathered layer thickness of 5~15m; heavily 141 Tunnel 2 9 3 point weathered layer thickness of 10 ～ 20m; the slightly weathered layer exposed at section CK323+500 ～ CK325+200. 2 overlapped system down Kedao group tuff slate and tuff sandstone, tuff sand conglomerate, hard, fully heavely weathered layer thickness of 0.5 ～ 2m; heavily Mijingxiang DK338+42 DK338+76 weathered layer of 3～15 thick. Slightly weathered layer No sensitive 81 DK338+086 681 exposed at section CK332+800～CK338+830. Hulixi period 132 Tunnel 3 7 7 point granite heavely weathered layer thickness of 5-20m; Hualixi period granite diorite, granite lump formation, hard, fully weathered layer of 3～10m thick; heavily weathered layer of 5～20m thick. Slightly weathered layer exposed at section CK325+200～CK332+800. 82 Xiaopanling DK340+200 DK343+07 DK345+95 5755 Surface covered the 4th immuture slope residue remains Over 151 No sensitive Tunnel 1 8 5 accumulated silty clay, hard plastic, containing breccia and point Xiaopanling DK347+05 DK347+99 broken stone, distributed on the hill along the project. 2 No sensitive 83 DK346+107 1888 overlapped system upper Jiefang group sandstone, mud 115 Tunnel 2 1 5 point China Academy of Railway Science 202 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Maxium Upper Part & Total Entrance Entrance Central Exit Tunnel No. Tunnel Name Length Project Conditions Sensitive Chainage Chainage Chainage Buried （m） Points Depth（m） Distribution slate, hard, fully heavely weathered layer thickness of 1～ 3m; heavily weathered layer of 3～10 thick. 2 overlapped system upper Guanmenzuizi group tuff andesite, tuff Xiaopanling DK350+28 DK352+41 No sensitive 84 DK348+158 4254 sandstone, hard, fully heavely weathered layer thickness of Over 159 Tunnel 3 5 2 point 0.5～3m; heavily weathered layer of 1～5m thick. Slightly weathered layer exposed at section CK349+600 ～ CK351+525. Surface covered the 4th immuture slope residue remains accumulated silty clay, hard plastic, containing breccia and broken stone, distributed on the hill along the project. rd Underlined with the 3 Huichun group mud and sand rock, Sandaoling DK357+80 DK358+15 No sensitive 85 DK357+444 714 mud cementation, partial having thin coal layer, fully 36 Tunnel 1 8 point weathered layer thickness of 5~10m; heavily weathered layer thickness of 5 ～ 150m, having medium-strong distensibility,passing through 3rd coal system stratum and containing gas at tunnel body section. China Academy of Railway Science 203 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 5.5 Ecological Environment Impacts and Methods of Temporary Works The project railway temporary works included mainly earthwork (slag) borrow and dumping pits, construction assess, girder precasting and storing plant, mixing station, rail placing base, construction camps, etc. 5.5.1 Rationality Analysis on the Earthwork(slag) Borrow and Dumping Pits The project went through the medium and low mountainous area of the middle section of Changbai Mt. with the distribution the relative gentle and open valleys and basins. This region had the complicated terrain with plain area, low hilly area and basin, having quite some farmland and woodland, and some unutilized wasteland and dryland. There were 78 earthworks borrow and dumping pits (Table 4-5-1) and 109 slag dumping pits (Table 5-5-3 ). Table 5-5-1 Distribution of Sand Cutting Sites and Spoil Grounds along the Line Relative Location to the Name of Sand Total Line No. Cutting Sites and Mileage quantity Status quo left-and lateral Spoil Grounds (10,000m3) right-side distance (m) Sand Cutting Sites DK000+000～ Using tunnel front exit for 1 of Longtan Mountain 10 DK001+280 Waste spoil Tunnel Entrance Tiantai Village Spoil DK007+000～ 2 right 18 woodland Ground DK009+000 Gaojiawazi Village DK009+500～ 3 left 500～750 9 moorland Spoil Ground DK011+600 Zhongsha Village DK017+500～ 4 Fourth Team right 30～200 9.5 dryland DK018+000 Spoil Ground Zhongsha Village DK018+000～ 5 Fifth Team right 50～200 8.5 dryland DK018+500 Spoil Ground Zhongsha Village DK019+400～ 6 Fifth Team West right 40～150 4.8 arable land DK021+400 Spoil Ground Caomugou Spoil DK022+180～ 7 left 50～500 9.7 dryland Ground DK022+500 Nanshahezi Village DK025+900～ 8 right 50～300 5.5 dryland Spoil Ground DK026+400 Lianjiang Village DK026+600～ 9 right 100～700 4.8 arable land Spoil Ground DK028+000 Xiaohuopenggou DK031+000～ 10 Southeast sand right 1000～1200 7.5 moorland DK031+600 cutting site Xiaohuopenggou DK046+000～ 11 Northeast Spoil 3.8 dryland DK046+250 Ground Tunnel Entrance sand DK032+560～ 12 left 300～500 2.6 dryland cutting site DK036+150 204 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Relative Location to the Name of Sand Total Line No. Cutting Sites and Mileage quantity Status quo left-and lateral Spoil Grounds (10,000m3) right-side distance (m) ShuangmiaotunSpoil DK049+460～ 13 left 1250～1500 7.8 dryland Ground DK050+900 Dongnanchatun Spoil DK053+100～ 14 right 1200～1500 2.7 Dominant by dryland Ground DK053+800 Hongqitun Northwest DK061+300～ 15 left 50～750 49 dryland Spoil Ground DK064+200 Hongqitun Southeast DK061+300～ 16 left 500～1000 2.8 dryland Village Spoil Ground DK064+200 Beigou Village Spoil DK069+380～ 17 left 200～750 63.5 dryland Ground DK079+200 Nandatun sand DK069+000～ 18 left 100～500 89 dryland cutting site DK079+900 Fuqiang Village DK081+400～ 19 2.5 dryland Spoil Ground DK082+700 Cunditun sand DK082+700～ 20 left 3500～4000 7 dryland cutting site DK088+000 AIlinxiatun DK088+000～ 21 left 5000～6000 9.7 dryland sand cutting site DK093+000 Laoyuegou First DK099+050.00～ 22 Tunnel Exit sand 0.04 DK099+600.0 cutting site Huweiling Tunnel DK114+280.00～ 23 left 12.1 Exit sand cutting site DK117+000.00 Hamotang Village DK117+000.00～ 24 left 5000～6000 12.5 dryland West sand cutting site DK120+100.00 Xinmintun Spoil DK114+280.00～ 25 left 2500～3000 5 Ground DK120+000.00 Sandaoquan Spoil DK122+700.00～ 26 left 2000～2500 1.2 Ground DK124+700.00 Mingchuantun DK134+519.00～ 27 Tunnel Exit sand 7.4 DK139+000.00 cutting site Gaosongshu Tunnel DK139+000.00～ 28 left 500～1000 11.73 Exit sand cutting site DK143+149 Liushugou sand DK149+900.00～ 29 left 100～500 12.61 cutting site DK150+700.00 Mechanical and Electric Equipment DK155+000.00～ 30 91.21 Factory DK160+000.00 sand cutting site Funeral Parlor sand DK160+000.00～ 31 left 1500～2000 cutting site DK161+600.00 Tunnel Entrance DK161+600.00～ 32 sand cutting site DK164+000.00 Xishantun Tunnel 79 DK164+000.00 33 Entrance sand cutting DK169+212.00 site Xishantun Tunnel DK169+212.00～ 34 Exit sand cutting site DK170+696.00 China Academy of Railway Science 205 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Relative Location to the Name of Sand Total Line No. Cutting Sites and Mileage quantity Status quo left-and lateral Spoil Grounds (10,000m3) right-side distance (m) Dashitou Town North DK170+696.00～ 35 left sand cutting site DK174+100.00 Youyi Village sand DK174+100.00～ 36 cutting site DK180+600.00 Youyi Village South DK180+600.00～ 37 sand cutting site DK181+200.00 Zenegyi First Tunnel DK180+000.00～ 38 Entrance sand cutting 6.1 DK185+774.00 site Zengyi Second DK188+019.00～ 39 Tunnel Exit sand 3.1 DK191+100.00 cutting site Harbaling Reservoir DK214+800.00～ 40 right 1000 0.8 Spoil Ground DK217+300.00 Longshan Village DK214+700.00～ 41 right 100～550 0.6 Spoil Ground DK215+000.00 Antu County DK215+500.00～ 42 Riverside Spoil 80 moorland DK217+300.00 Ground Jiulongtun Spoil DK215+500.00～ 43 30 Ground DK217+300.00 Jiulongtun Tunnel DK221+200.00～ 44 4 Exit sand cutting site DK223+000.00 Jiuyantun Spoil DK223+000.00 45 right 50～200 3.9 Ground DK226+000.00 Jingcheng Village DK226+000.00～ 46 right 200～1000 2.5 Spoil Ground DK228+000.00 Dacheng Tunnel DK228+400.00～ 47 Enrance sand cutting 1 DK229+400.00 site Dacheng Tunnel Exit DK230+200.00～ 48 2.2 sand cutting site DK232+400.00 Longchengtun Spoil DK228+400.00～ 49 left 300～1000 1.2 Ground DK229+400.00 Wuhutun Spoil DK230+200.00～ 50 left 300～1000 1 Ground DK232+400.00 Jiaonantun sand DK244+800～ 51 right 3000～3500 0.8 cutting site DK245+500 Wangjiayao sand DK245+500～ 52 right 50～200 9 cutting site DK245+900 Guandaotun sand DK246+000～ 53 right 5000～6500 2 cutting site DK246+800 Guanchuantun sand DK245+100～ 54 right 2500～3000 18 cutting site DK246+500 Longdong tun sand DK244+800～ 55 left 100～300 4 cutting site DK245+500 Hecheng Village DK251+275～ 56 right 3000～4500 45 sand cutting site DK256+00 57 Hecheng Fifth Group DK256+00～ right 500～2700 1 206 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Relative Location to the Name of Sand Total Line No. Cutting Sites and Mileage quantity Status quo left-and lateral Spoil Grounds (10,000m3) right-side distance (m) sand cutting site DK266+500 Yanhe VIllage sand DK266+500～ 58 left 6000～7000 55 cutting site DK268+000 Limin Village sand DK268+200～ 59 left 7000～8000 33 cutting site DK276+200 Shuinan Village sand DK279+450～ 60 left 200～750 196 cutting site DK288+300 Shuanghe Village DK286+400～ 61 right 3500～4000 265 sand cutting site DK287+150 Xinlong Village sand DK287+500～ 62 right 1000～1500 78 cutting site DK288+300 Shangsuo Village 63 DK288+300～ 70 sand cutting site Lixin Village sand DK290+000～ 64 right 1200～1300 98 cutting site DK302+890 Xiaobeigou sand 65 97 cutting site Guanmen Village DK328+350～ 66 right 50～100 296 sand cutting site DK330+500 Funing Village sand ～ 67 145 cutting site DK355+700 Jingbian Village sand DK355+700～ 68 26 cutting site DK362+200 Jinfo Temple Spoil DK244+800～ 69 left 200～500 17.5 woodland Ground DK248+100 Longdongtun Spoil DK248+100～ 70 left 100～300 9.5 山沟 Ground DK253+500 Fumindong Spoil DK253+500～ 71 right 50～500 14 dryland Ground DK278+900 Xiaobaeigou Spoil 72 28 dryland Ground Dongjing Village DK278+900～ 73 right 47 woodland Spoil Ground DK292+925 Xiaoshang Street 74 46 woodland Spoil Ground Xiaobeigou South 75 48 woodland Spoil Ground Nanda Village Spoil DK312+925～ 76 27 arable land Ground DK338+325 Fuxin Village Spoil DK338+325～ 77 right 100～500 65.5 woodland Ground DK357+200 Jingbian Village DK357+200～ 78 22.5 woodland Spoil Ground DK362+200 In accordance with the filling section distribution and earthwork and rockwork balance condition along the project, the assessment made a rationality analysis on the location relationship between earthwork dumping pits and the sensitive areas, and optimized the pit location on the basis of the principle of relatively China Academy of Railway Science 207 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project concentrated earthwork borrow and dumping to minimize the farmland occupation quantity. (1) Sensitivity Analysis In accordance with the situation that the project passed through the Mao’er cultural relic protection area, Longtan Mt. City cultural relic protection area, Songhuajiang 3-lake provincial protection area, Songrong provincial natural protection area, Riguang Woodland Garden and Mijiang River salmon state level aquatic germ plasm protection area and in combination with the pit location arrangement at the feasibility stage, it was found 20 of 78 pits in the feasibility design were located in the above-mentioned ecologically sensitive areas by investigation(see table 5-5-2 for detail). Of which, 1 pit (Longtan Mt. Tunnel Opening Earthwork Borrow Pit) was in Longtan Mt. city cultural relic protection area, 9 in Songhuajiang 3-lake provincial protection area and 10 in Songrong provincial natural protection area. The pit in Longtan Mt. City cultural relic protection area was located near the Longtan tunnel exit. It was actually the temporary slag dumping storage yard for Longtan tunnel. According to the allocation of earthwork and rockwork, the tunnel slag was all used for the subgrade filling of the section from the start to DK3; it was based in the Longtan Mt. cultural relic protection area construction controlled zone, 1.2km away from the construction controlled zone boundary. The assessment suggested to enhance the construction organization and design to reduce the temporary tunnel slag piling in the first place; then, to ban the arrangement of temporary slag store yard within the cultural relic area. 3 sections of the project passed through the Songhuajiang 3-Lake natural protection area 3 times at chainage DK24+800～DK48+120, DK59+640～DK69+000, DK73+000～DK81+800 respectively, with the bridges and tunnels of 69% . 9 borrow and dumping pits were available in this protection region, all dumping pits. In accordance with the Document “JFP[2010]368 ‘Jilin Provincial Forest Department, on the Approval of Jilin-huichun Express Railway Passenger Transportation Line through Songhuajing 3-Lake Provincial Protection Area’â€? of Jilin Provincial Forest Department, this project was required to to have no construction of borrow and dumping pit within the protection area, the above-mentioned pits were located against the Approval, so it was suggested to make an adjustment. The project passed through the Songrong provincial natural protection zone at chainage DK200+000～ DK241+300. There were 13 bridges of 6100m and 17.5 tunnels of 2287m within the protection zone, with percentage of 68.8%, and 1 station, Autu Western Station(（DK215+925.00）, having subgrade of 11,363m long(27.5% of the total length). 10 borrow and dumping pits were available in this protection region, of which, 7 dumping pits and 3 borrow pits which were used to the tunnel slag dumping yards. 10 borrow and dumping pits were distributed within the section from DK215 to DK230, not close to the protection area boundry. In accordance with the Document “JFP[2010]367 ‘Jilin Provincial Woodland Department, On the Approval of Jilin-huichun Express Railway Passenger Transportation Line through Antumingyue Songrong Protection Area’â€? of Jilin Provincial Forest Department, this project was required to have no construction of borrow and dumping pit within the protection area, the above-mentioned pits were located against the Approval, so it was suggested to make an adjustment. (2) Adjustment of Borrow and Dumping Pits In view of the above analysis, the relative borrow and dumping pits were suggested to adjust out of the Songhuajing 3-Lake Provincial Protection Area and Antumingyue Songrong Protection Area. After a timely communication between the assessment unit and the design unit, the design unit made an adjustment to the borrow and dumping pits based on the allocation of earthwork and rockwork. 208 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project The rationality analysis of borrow and dumping pits was as shown in the table 5-5-2（1）. Adjusted borrow and dumping pits was shown in Table 5-5-2(2) Table 5-5-2（1） Rationality Analysis & Summary of Borrow & Dumping Pits Borrow & Total Dumping Rationality No. Pit Names Chainage Quantiry(10k Status Landform Depth Analysis m3) （m） Suggested Longtan Mt. Tunnel to move DK000+000～ 1 Tunnel Opening 10 openning 7 out of DK001+280 borrow pit(a) slag protective area Tiantai village DK007+000～ 2 18 woodland hill gulch 7 rational dumping pit DK009+000 Gaojiawazi village DK009+500～ 3 9 wasteland hill gulch 7 rational dumping pit DK011+600 Zhongsha village DK017+500～ 4 team 4 dumping 9.5 dry land hill gulch 7 rational DK018+000 pit Zhongsha village DK018+000～ 5 team 5 dumping 8.5 dry land hill gulch 7 rational pit DK018+500 Zhongsha village DK019+400～ 6 team 5 west 4.8 Farmland hill gulch 7 rational DK021+400 dumping pit Caomugou DK022+180～ 7 9.7 dry land hill gulch 7 rational dumping pit DK022+500 suggested South Shahezi to move DK025+900～ 8 villagedumping 5.5 dry land hill gulch 7 out of DK026+400 pit(b) protection area suggested to move Lianjiang village DK026+600～ 9 4.8 Farmland hill gulch 7 out of dumping pit(b) DK028+000 protection area suggested Xiaohupenggoug to move DK031+000～ 10 southeast borrow 7.5 wasteland gentle hill 7 out of DK031+600 pit(b) protection area suggested Xiaohupenggoug to move DK046+000～ 11 northeast 3.8 dry land hill gulch 7 out of DK046+250 dumping pit(b) protection area Tunnel Tunnel opening DK032+560～ Suggested 12 2.6 opening 7 borrow pit DK036+150 to cancel slag suggested Bi-temple village DK049+460～ to move 13 7.8 dry land hill gulch 7 dumping pit(b) DK050+900 out of protection China Academy of Railway Science 209 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Borrow & Total Dumping Rationality No. Pit Names Chainage Quantiry(10k Status Landform Depth Analysis m3) （m） area Dongnancha DK053+100～ dry land 14 village 2.7 hill gulch 7 rational DK053+800 mainly dumping pit suggested Red Flag village to move DK061+300～ 15 northwestdumping 49 dry land hill gulch 7 out of pit(b) DK064+200 protection area suggested North valley to move DK069+380～ 16 village 63.5 dry land hill gulch 7 out of DK079+200 dumping pit(b) protection area suggested to move Nanda village DK069+000～ 17 89 dry land gentle hill 7 out of borrow pit(b) DK079+900 protection area Fuqiang village DK081+400～ 18 2.5 dry land hill gulch 7 rational dumping pit DK082+700 Cundi village DK082+700～ 19 7 dry land gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK088+000 Ailinxia village DK088+000～ Waste 20 9.7 dry land 7 rational borrow pit DK093+000 quarry Laoyuegou No.1 tunnel DK099+050.00～ 21 tunnel exit borrow 0.04 opening 10 rational DK099+600.0 pit slag tunnel Huweiling tunnel DK114+280.00～ 22 12.1 opening 10 rational exit borrow pit DK117+000.00 slag Hamatang village DK117+000.00～ basically 23 12.5 dry land flat 2～4 west borrow pit DK120+100.00 rational Xinming village DK114+280.00～ 24 5 hill gulch 6 rational dumping pit DK120+000.00 Sandaoquan DK122+700.00～ 25 1.2 hill gulch 6 rational dumping pit DK124+700.00 Mingchuan village tunnel DK134+519.00～ 26 tunnel exit borrow 7.4 opening 10 rational pit DK139+000.00 slag High pine tree tunnel DK139+000.00～ 27 tunnel entrance 11.73 opening 10 rational DK143+149 borrow pit slag Liushugou DK149+900.00～ basically 28 12.61 flat 2～4 borrow pit DK150+700.00 rational Funeral home DK160+000.00～ basically 29 flat 2～4 borrow pit DK161+600.00 rational 79 tunnel Tunnel entrance DK161+600.00～ 30 opening 10 rational borrow pit DK164+000.00 slag 210 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Borrow & Total Dumping Rationality No. Pit Names Chainage Quantiry(10k Status Landform Depth Analysis m3) （m） West Mt. village tunnel DK164+000.00 31 tunnel entrance opening 10 rational DK169+212.00 borrow pit slag West Mt. village tunnel DK169+212.00～ 32 tunnel exit borrow opening 10 rational pit DK170+696.00 slag Dashitou town DK170+696.00～ basically 33 flat 2～4 north borrow pit DK174+100.00 rational Friendship village DK174+100.00～ basically 34 flat 2～4 quarry borrow pit DK180+600.00 rational Zhengyi 1 tunnel tunnel DK180+000.00～ 35 entrance borrow 6.1 opening 10 rational DK185+774.00 pit slag tunnel Zhengyi 2 tunnel DK188+019.00～ 36 3.1 opening 10 rational exit borrow pit DK191+100.00 slag suggested Ha’erbaling to move DK214+800.00～ 37 resevoir dumping 0.8 hill gulch 6 out of DK217+300.00 pit(c) protection area suggested to move Dragon Mt. village DK214+700.00～ 38 0.6 hill gulch 6 out of dumping pit(c) DK215+000.00 protection area suggested Antu town river to move DK215+500.00～ 39 side dumping 80 wasteland hill gulch 6 out of DK217+300.00 pit(c) protection area suggested to move 9-dragon village DK215+500.00～ 40 30 hill gulch 6 out of dumping pit(c) DK217+300.00 protection area suggested tunnel to move 9-dragon tunnel DK221+200.00～ 41 4 opening 10 out of exit borrow pit(c) DK223+000.00 slag protection area suggested to move 9-rock village DK223+000.00 42 3.9 hill gulch 6 out of dumping pit(c) DK226+000.00 protection area suggested Jingcheng to move DK226+000.00～ 43 villagedumping 2.5 hill gulch 6 out of pit(c) DK228+000.00 protection area Dacheng tunnel tunnel suggested 44 DK228+400.00～ 1 10 entrance borrow opening to move China Academy of Railway Science 211 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Borrow & Total Dumping Rationality No. Pit Names Chainage Quantiry(10k Status Landform Depth Analysis m3) （m） pit(c) DK229+400.00 slag out of protection area suggested tunnel to move Dacheng tunnel DK230+200.00～ 45 2.2 opening 10 out of exit borrow pit(c) DK232+400.00 slag protection area suggested Dragon city to move DK228+400.00～ 46 5-family village 1.2 hill gulch 6 out of DK229+400.00 dumping pit(c) protection area Jiaonan village DK244+800～ 47 0.8 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK245+500 Wangjiayao DK245+500～ 48 9 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK245+900 Guandaotun DK246+000～ 49 2 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK246+800 Dacheng tunnel DK245+100～ 50 18 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK246+500 Longduntong DK244+800～ 51 4 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK245+500 Hecheng village DK251+275～ 52 45 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK256+00 Hecheng group 5 DK256+00～ 53 1 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK266+500 Yanhe village DK266+500～ 54 55 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK268+000 Liming village DK268+200～ 55 33 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK276+200 Water south DK279+450～ 56 village 196 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK288+300 Bi-river village DK286+400～ 57 265 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK287+150 Xinglong village DK287+500～ 58 78 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK288+300 Shangsuo village 59 DK288+300～ 70 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit Lixing village DK290+000～ 60 98 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK302+890 Xiaobeigou 61 97 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit Guanmen village DK328+350～ 62 296 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK330+500 Funing village ～ 63 145 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK355+700 Jingbian village DK355+700～ 64 26 gentle hill 7 rational borrow pit DK362+200 212 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Borrow & Total Dumping Rationality No. Pit Names Chainage Quantiry(10k Status Landform Depth Analysis m3) （m） Gold buda DK244+800～ 65 temple 17.5 woodland valley 7 rational DK248+100 dumping pit Longduntun DK248+100～ 66 9.5 vale valley 7 rational dumping pit DK253+500 fumingdong DK253+500～ 67 14 dry land valley 7 rational dumping pit DK278+900 Xiaobeigou 68 28 dry land valley 7 rational dumping pit Dongjing village DK278+900～ 69 47 woodland valley 7 rational dumping pit DK292+925 Xiangshang street 70 46 woodland valley 7 rational dumping pit Xiaobeigou south 71 48 woodland valley 7 rational dumping pit Nanda village DK312+925～ 72 27 Farmland valley 7 rational dumping pit DK338+325 Fuxing village DK338+325～ 73 65.5 woodland valley 7 rational dumping pit DK357+200 Jingbian village DK357+200～ 74 22.5 woodland valley 7 rational dumping pit DK362+200 Note: (a) Longtan Mt. and Mao’er Mt. cultural relic area; (b)3 lakes of Songhuajiang river, provincial protection areas;(c)Jilin Minmusongrong protection area;(d)Riguang Mt. provincial forest garden Table 5-5-2（2） Adjustment Summary of Earth Borrow & Dumping Pits Total Environment No. Names Chainage quantiry Adjustment Condition Assessment (10k m3) Comments Suggested to 3.8km left to DK33+700(1km enhance earth and away from the protective rock works Nanshahezi area) allocation, used for DK025+900～ 1 village dumping 5.5 and 600m east to Pingtun subgrade fill within DK026+400 pit(b) village, used mostly the service range of woodland, 20km transporting left to DK32+300 and distance increased southwest slope borrow pit of Pingtun Suggested to 3.8km left to DK33+700(1km enhance earth and away from the protective rock works area) allocation, used for Lianjiang village DK026+600～ 2 4.8 and 600m east to Pingtun subgrade fill within ing pit(b) DK028+000 village, used mostly the service range of woodland, 20km transporting left to DK32+300 and distance increased southwest slope borrow pit of Pingtun 3.3km left to DK32+300(1km Suggested to Xiaohuopenggou DK031+000～ away from the protective remove this borrow 3 southeast 7.5 DK031+600 area) pit and use the borrow pit(b) and southwest side slope to nearby subgrade China Academy of Railway Science 213 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Environment No. Names Chainage quantiry Adjustment Condition Assessment (10k m3) Comments Pingtun village, used mostly waste for earthworks woodland, 16km transporting distance 3.8km left to DK33+700(1km away from the protective Xiaohuopenggou area) DK046+000～ 4 northeast 3.8 and 600m east to Pingtun DK046+250 dumping pit(b) village, used mostly woodland, 20km transporting distance 3.8km left to DK33+700(1km away from the protective area) Bi-temple village DK049+460～ 13 7.8 and 600m east to Pingtun dumping pit(b) DK050+900 village, used mostly woodland, 20km transporting distance Suggested to enhance earth and rock works allocation, waste South of Zhaojiagou village Red flag village being used for DK061+300～ right, 3.8km left to DK90, 5 northwest 49 subgrade fill within DK064+200 used mostly dryland, 28km dumping pit(b) the service range of transporting distance Fanjiagou village at DK32+300 to reduce discarded works quantity Suggested to enhance earth and rock works allocation, discarded South of Zhaojiagou village works being used for Beigou village DK069+380～ right of 3.8km left to DK90, 6 63.5 subgrade fill within dumping pit(b) DK079+200 used mostly dryland, 28km the service range of transporting distance Fanjiagou village at DK88+150 to reduce discarded works quantity Suggested to Northeast of Hanjiagou remove this borrow Nanda village DK069+000～ village, 500m left to DK90, pit and use the 7 89 borrow pit(b) DK079+900 used mostly dryland, 28km nearby subgrade transporting distance waste for earthworks and rockworks 4km left to DK196+880 (4km away from the protective Ha’erbaling area) DK214+800.00～ 8 resevoir 0.8 and 4.5km northeast to dumping pit(c) DK217+300.00 Nangou, used mostly woodland, 25km transporting distance Dragon Mt. DK214+700.00～ 4km left to DK196+880 (4km 9 0.6 dumping pit(c) DK215+000.00 away from the protective 214 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Environment No. Names Chainage quantiry Adjustment Condition Assessment (10k m3) Comments area) and 4.5km northeast to Nangou, used mostly woodland, 25km transporting distance 4km left to DK196+880 (4km away from the protective Antu town river area) DK215+500.00～ 10 sidedumping 80 and 4.5km northeast to DK217+300.00 pit(c) Nangou, used mostly woodland, 25km transporting distance 4km left to DK196+880 (4km away from the protective 9-dragon area) DK215+500.00～ 11 villagedumping 30 and 4.5km northeast to pit(c) DK217+300.00 Nangou, used mostly woodland, 25km transporting distance 1.5km right to DK241+200 Suggested to (1km away from the protective remove this borrow 9-dragon village area) DK221+200.00～ pit and use the 12 tunnel exit 4 and northwest slope of DK223+000.00 nearby subgrade borrow pit(c) Baoxing village, used mostly waste for earthworks woodland, 25km transporting and rockworks distance 550m right to DK242+750 (1km away from the protective 9-rock area) DK223+000.00 13 villagedumping 3.9 and 1km northwest to DK226+000.00 pit(c) Baoxing village, used mostly woodland, 25km transporting distance 550m right to DK242+750 (1km away from the protective Jingcheng area) DK226+000.00～ 14 villagedumping 2.5 and 1km northwest to DK228+000.00 pit(c) Baoxing village, used mostly woodland, 25km transporting distance 1.5km right to DK241+200 Suggested to (1km away from the protective remove this borrow Dacheng tunnel area) DK228+400.00～ pit and use the 15 entrance borrow 1 and northwest slope of DK229+400.00 nearby subgrade pit(c) Baoxing village, used mostly waste for earthworks woodland, 25km transporting and rockworks distance 1.5km right to DK241+200 Suggested to (1km away from the protective remove this borrow area) Dacheng tunnel DK230+200.00～ pit and use the 16 2.2 and northwest slope of exit borrow pit(c) DK232+400.00 nearby subgrade Baoxing village, used mostly waste for earthworks woodland, 25km transporting and rockworks distance China Academy of Railway Science 215 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Total Environment No. Names Chainage quantiry Adjustment Condition Assessment (10k m3) Comments 550m right to DK242+750 (1km away from the protective Dragon city area) 5-family DK228+400.00～ 17 1.2 and 1km northwest to villagedumping DK229+400.00 Baoxing village, used mostly pit(c) woodland, 25km transporting distance 109 slag dumping yards along the project were arranged and distributed on the slope, gentle slope and hillock valley bottom on the both sides of the alignment, taking mostly the woodland and farmland in an area of 324.21hm2. The total earthwork dump amount was 2518.40×104m3. This assessment made a rationality analysis on the location relationship between earthwork pits and the sensitive areas and optimized the pit location by means of the principle of relatively concentrated earthwork borrow and dumping to minimize the farmland occupation quantity. （1）1# Longtan Mt. Tunnel slag yard was located in the Longtan Mt. city and Mao’er graveyard cultural relic protection construction controlled zone, suggested to cancal and choose a new location, move out of the cultural relic protection range. （2）3#～11#ã€?17#～20# slag yards were located in the Songhuajiang 3-Lake provincial natural protection area. In accordance with the Document “JFP[2010]368 ‘Jilin Provincial Forest Department, On the Approval of Jilin-huichun Express Railway Passenger Transportation Line through Songhuajing 3-Lake Provincial Protection Area’â€? of Jilin Provincial Forest Department, it was required to to have no construction of borrow and dumping pits within the protection area was suggested to make an adjustment on the above-mentioned slag pits location and move them out of the region. （3）7#～70# slag yards were located in the Jilin Mingmusongrong provincial natural protection area. In accordance with the Document “JFP[2010]367 ‘Jilin Provincial Woodland Department, On the Approval of Jilin-huichun Express Railway Passenger Transportation Line through Antumingyue Songrong Protection Area’â€? of Jilin Provincial Forest Department, it was required to to have no construction of borrow and dumping pits within the protection area was suggested to make an adjustment on the above-mentioned slag pits location and move them out of the region. In view of the above analysis, the relative borrow and dumping pits were suggested to adjust out of the Songhuajing 3-Lake Provincial Protection Area and Antumingyue Songrong Protection Area. After a timely communication between the assessment unit and the design unit, the design unit made an adjustment to the borrow and dumping pits based on the allocation of earthwork and rockwork. Adjusted spoil disposal sites is shown in Table 5-5-3(2) 216 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-5-3（1） Main Project Slag Dumping Pit Distribution and Rationality Analysis Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Used farmland, landform of valley, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No sensitive points as villages, schools Longtan Mt. under the rataining wall, located at the construction control Suggested to choose a new 1 CK5+100 right farmland 20.6 1.37 15.00 tunnel zone of Longtan Mt. city and Mao’er Mt. and cemetery place Longtan cultural relic, suggested to move out of the cultural relic Distric protection range to reduce the impact. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of mainly entranc CK22+300 farmland, vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resuming 2 28.2 3.55 7.94 Caomugou e right woodland sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening afte tunnel wall, rational location levelling and refarming. CK27+800 farmland, Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better 3 exit 28.2 right woodland vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to choose a new 4.99 7.94 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining place, moved out of protecti Beicigou entranc CK27+800 farmland, 4 11.4 wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes range tunnel e right woodland provincial protection zone of Songhua River. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Lanjialing entranc CK29+600 Suggested to cancel and us 5 woodland 4.2 0.53 7.88 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining tunnel e right nearly 10# borrow pit wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes Jiaohe provincial protection zone of Songhua River. River Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better District vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to choose a new Huopenggou farmland, 6 exit CK32+200 left 9.7 1.23 7.91 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining place, moved out of protecti tunnel woodland wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes range provincial protection zone of Songhua River. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to choose a new Qingling entranc farmland, 7 CK34+000 left 13.2 1.66 7.95 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining place, moved out of protecti tunnel e woodland wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes range provincial protection zone of Songhua River. China Academy of Railway Science 217 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to choose a new entranc CK38+200 farmland, 8 21.7 2.70 8.04 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining place, moved out of protecti e right woodland wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes range provincial protection zone of Songhua River. Fala Mt. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better tunnel vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to choose a new inclined CK39+000 farmland, 9 153.7 19.21 8.00 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining place, moved out of protecti well right woodland wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes range provincial protection zone of Songhua River. CK47+000 farmland, Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better 10 exit 16.7 right woodland vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to choose a new 5.57 7.99 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining place, moved out of protecti entranc CK47+000 farmland, 11 27.8 wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes range e right woodland provincial protection zone of Songhua River. Shangmiaozi Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of mainly tunnel vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No farmland, rockworks, resuming 12 exit CK50+600 left 27.8 3.48 7.99 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining woodland vegetation by greening afte wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes levelling and refarming. provincial protection zone of Songhua River. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Donglinzi CK53+000 farmland, 13 exit 14.7 2.05 7.16 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining enhancing protection tunnel right woodland wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes provincial protection zone of Songhua River. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Dongnancha CK54+100 farmland, 14 exit 16.4 2.05 7.99 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining enhancing protection tunnel right woodland wall, located within the semiprotection range of Jiaohe city drinking water. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Perfume entranc CK55+800 farmland, 15 21.2 2.63 8.07 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining enhancing protection tunnel e right woodland wall, located within the semiprotection range of Jiaohe city drinking water. 218 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of mainly vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No inclined CK57+200 farmland, rockworks, resuming 16 35.1 4.39 7.99 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining well right woodland vegetation by greening afte wall, located within the semiprotection range of Jiaohe city levelling and refarming. drinking water. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Tunnel slag of mainly farmland, sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining rockworks, resuming 17 exit CK60+000 left 21 2.66 7.89 woodland wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes vegetation by greening afte provincial protection zone of Songhua River, suggested to levelling and refarming. find a new place. Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Taiping CK60+800 farmland, Suggested to remove, usin 18 exit 10.2 1.28 7.97 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining tunnel right woodland the nearby borrow pit 15# wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes provincial protection zone of Songhua River Landform of gentle land, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No farmland, Suggested to remove, usin 19 Jiaoxi tunnel exit CK65+500 left 8.2 1.03 7.94 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining woodland the nearby borrow pit 17 wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes provincial protection zone of Songhua River Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to remove, usin Fuqiang entranc CK80+500 farmland, 20 18.6 2.33 7.97 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining the nearby borrow pit 18# tunnel e right woodland wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes and19# provincial protection zone of Songhua River Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Fuqiang CK82+500 å·¦ farmland, rockworks, resum 21 exit 18.6 2.33 7.97 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining tunnel 侧 woodland vegetation by greening a wall, located within the protection range of 3 lakes levelling and refarming. Jiaohe city provincial protection zone of Songhua River Landform of valley, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma Tangjiagangz farmland， vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 22 exit CK84+650 left 15.2 1.03 14.71 i tunnel woodland sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location levelling and refarming. China Academy of Railway Science 219 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Landform of gentle land, used farmland and woodland, Tunnel slag of ma entranc farmland， better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 23 CK85+300 left 9.7 1.22 7.95 e woodland sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a Chaoyanggo wall, rational location levelling and refarming. u tunnel Landform of gentle land, used farmland and woodland, Tunnel slag of ma farmland， better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 24 exit CK86+000 left 9.7 1.22 7.95 woodland sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location levelling and refarming. Gultch, close to 005 village road, nearby Houtaipingling Suggested to upgrade Houtaipinglin farmland， village. used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, no protection standard to av 25 exit CK87+100 left 3.7 0.47 7.93 g tunnel woodland mudstone or slide found at pits. No sensitive points as the bad impact on the villa villages, schools under the rataining wall outgoing. Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma entranc CK90+300 farmland， vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 26 12.5 1.57 7.98 e right woodland sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall. levelling Ailin tunnel Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma CK92+800 farmland， vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 27 exit 12.5 1.57 7.98 right woodland sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall. Suggested to upgrade the protection standards. levelling and refarming. Tunnel slag of ma Gultch, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, entranc CK91+283 rockworks, resum 28 woodland 35 4.33 8.08 no mudstone or slide found at pits. No sensitive points as e 700m right vegetation by greening a villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location levelling. Stone Gate Tunnel slag of ma tunnel Gultch, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, inclined CK91+283 rockworks, resum 29 woodland 54 6.73 8.02 no mudstone or slide found at pits. No sensitive points as well 2400 m left vegetation by greening a villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location levelling. exit Tunnel slag of ma Gultch, used farmland and woodland, better vegetation, CK97+432 rockworks, resum 30 Qian pear entranc woodland 23.6 5.73 4.12 no mudstone or slide found at pits. No sensitive points as 200 m left vegetation by greening a tree tunnel 1 e villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location levelling. 220 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma CK99+030 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 31 exit woodland 8.6 1.27 6.79 200m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location levelling. Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma Qian pear entranc CK99+597 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 32 woodland 6 0.73 8.18 tree tunnel 2 e 400 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location levelling. Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma Qian pear CK100+542 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 33 exit woodland 7 0.87 8.08 tree tunnel 3 700 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location levelling. Sandaokou Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma exit tunnel CK109+540 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 34 woodland 40 5.93 6.74 entranc 600 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a e wall, rational location levelling. Weihuling Landform of gentle slope, used farmland and woodland, Tunnel slag of ma tunnel CK114+079 better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 35 exit woodland 30 3.73 8.04 1000 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location levelling. Landform of gentle slope, used farmland and woodland, Tunnel slag of ma Dachuan entranc CK125+384 better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 36 woodland 15 1.93 7.76 tunnel e 1300 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location levelling. Sandaoquan entranc Landform of gentle slope, used farmland and woodland, Tunnel slag of ma Dunhua tunnel 1 e CK126+496 better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No rockworks, resum 37 City woodland 29 4.33 6.69 entranc 1700 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a e wall, rational location levelling. Sandaoquan Landform of gentle slope, used farmland and woodland, tunnel 2 CK130+138 better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. No Suggested to choose a n 38 exit woodland 25 3.07 8.15 300 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining location wall, close to the river Shuangshan Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Suggested to choose a n 39 gquan tunnel exit 300 m right woodland 16 2.67 7.88 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits. Closer to location 1 the river and road China Academy of Railway Science 221 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Shuangshan entranc gquan tunnel 5 e 2 Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma entranc CK133+112 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 40 woodland 12 1.60 7.50 e 600 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a Mingchuan wall, rational location. levelling. tunnel Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma CK134+519 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 41 exit woodland 12 1.60 7.50 500 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location. levelling. Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma entranc CK143+149 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 42 woodland 14 1.60 8.75 e 1000 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a High Pine wall, rational location. levelling. Tree tunnel Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma CK144+795 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 43 exit woodland 14 1.93 7.24 400 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location. levelling. Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma Beiguan CK146+063 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 44 exit woodland 10 1.20 8.33 tunnel 200 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location. levelling. Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better CK150+300 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No 45 Tiebei tunnel woodland 6 1.20 5.00 enhancing protection 300 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining Dunhua wall, rational location. City Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma entranc CK170+644 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 46 耕地 12 1.93 6.21 e 600 sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a West Mt. wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. tunnel Landform of hillock valley, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma CK172+104 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 47 exit woodland 13 1.93 6.72 300 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location. levelling. 222 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Tunnel slag of ma Landform of gentle slope, used farmland, no mudstone or entranc CK185+615 rockworks, resum 48 farmland 12 1.93 6.21 slide found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools e 1900 m right vegetation by greening a under the rataining wall, rational location. Zhengyi levelling and refarming. tunnel 1 Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better CK187+103 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No Suggested to upgrade 49 exit woodland 13 1.93 6.72 2000 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining protecton standards wall, rational location. Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma Zhengyi entranc CK187+530 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 50 woodland 8.3 1.07 7.78 tunnel 2 e 2000 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location. levelling. Landform of hilly valley, used woodland, better vegetation, Haj’erbaling CK189+000 no mudstone or slide found at pits, having villages and Suggested to choose a n 51 exit woodland 11.8 1.53 7.70 tunnel 1 1300 m left roads by the rataining wall, suggested to find a new location place. Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma entranc CK191+128 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 52 woodland 21 2.73 7.68 e 1400 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a Haj’erbaling wall, rational location. levelling. tunnel 2 Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used woodland, better vegetation, no CK193+585 rockworks, resum 53 exit woodland 21 2.73 7.68 mudstone or slide found at pits, No sensitive points as 1200 m left vegetation by greening a villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling. Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used woodland, better vegetation, no Antu Nangou CK195+320 rockworks, resum 54 exit woodland 14 1.73 8.08 mudstone or slide found at pits, No sensitive points as county tunnel 1 600 m left vegetation by greening a villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling. Nangou Tunnel slag of ma exit Landform of slope, used woodland, better vegetation, no tunnel 2 CK196+783 rockworks, resum 55 woodland 32 4.13 7.74 mudstone or slide found at pits, No sensitive points as Beitun tunnel entranc 700 m right vegetation by greening a villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. 1 e levelling. China Academy of Railway Science 223 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide Tunnel slag of ma CK198+822 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools rockworks, resum 56 exit woodland 16 2.00 8.00 1700 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural vegetation by greening a protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. levelling. Beitun tunnel Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide exit Suggested to choose a n 2 CK200+081 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 57 woodland 32 4.33 7.38 place, moved out of protect entranc 1200 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural Beitun tunnel range e protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. 3 Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide exit Suggested to choose a n CK202+192 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 58 Liangbing woodland 21 2.93 7.16 place, moved out of protect 1300 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural tunnel 1 range protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide Suggested to choose a n Liangbing entranc CK204+002 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 59 woodland 14.8 1.93 7.66 place, moved out of protect tunnel 2 e 1600 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural range protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide Suggested to choose a n Liangbing CK204+495 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 60 exit woodland 5.4 0.67 8.10 place, moved out of protect tunnel 3 100 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural range protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. Fengxi tunnel 1 Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide Suggested to choose a n Fengxi tunnel CK206+610 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 61 woodland 40.2 5.20 7.73 place, moved out of protect 2 600 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural range Fengxi tunnel protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. exit 3 Puguang Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide exit Suggested to choose a n tunnel CK208+330 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 62 woodland 19.3 2.87 6.73 place, moved out of protect entranc 700 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural range e protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide Suggested to choose a n 63 Gaotai tunnel inclined CK210+400 woodland 27 4.00 6.75 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools place, moved out of protect well 3000 m right under the rataining wall, located within the natural range protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. 64 exit CK212+251 woodland 18.4 2.53 7.26 Old discarded quarry, used woodland, no mudstone or Suggested to remove, us 224 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） 600 m right slide found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools the nearby borrow pit 40# Dragon Mt. under the rataining wall, located within the natural tunnel protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide Suggested to choose a n 9-dragon CK221+203 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 65 exit woodland 54 7.07 7.64 place, moved out of protect tunnel 1000 m right under the rataining wall, located within the natural range protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county.。 Jingcheng Landform of slope, used woodland, no mudstone or slide exit Suggested to choose a n tunnel CK228+345 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 66 woodland 20.2 2.60 7.77 place, moved out of protect Dacheng entranc 300 m right under the rataining wall, located within the natural range tunnel e protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. Landform of slope, used woodland, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools Suggested to choose a n 5-family entranc CK232+403 67 耕地 16.4 2.13 7.69 under the rataining wall, located within the natural place, moved out of protect village tunnel e 100 m right range protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county.。 Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools Suggested to choose a n entranc CK233+775 under the rataining wall, but close to Bu’erhatong river and 68 Antu woodland 16 2.33 6.86 place, moved out of protect e 700 m left located within the natural protection zone of county 5-peak Mt. range Mingmusongrong of Antu county, suggested to find a new tunnel location. inclined Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide well found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools Suggested to choose a n exit CK237+451 under the rataining wall, but close to Yushuchuan and 69 woodland 64 8.87 7.22 place, moved out of protect 700 m left located within the natural protection zone of entranc range Mingmusongrong of Antu county, suggested to find a new Yushuchuan e location. tunnel Landform of vale, used woodland, no mudstone or slide exit Suggested to choose a n CK239+976 found at pits, No sensitive points as villages, schools 70 entranc woodland 43 6.33 6.79 place, moved out of protect 900 m left under the rataining wall, located within the natural e range protection zone of Mingmusongrong of Antu county. Cock Crown Landform of gentle slope, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma Longjing Mt. tunnel inclined CK243+300 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 71 woodland 32 5.07 6.32 city well 900 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location. levelling. China Academy of Railway Science 225 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） Landform of hillock vally, used woodland, better Tunnel slag of ma CK244+646 vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 72 exit woodland 23 3.07 7.50 500 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wall, rational location. levelling. farmland， Landform of hillock vally, used farmland and woodland, Tunnel slag of ma CK244+900 better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 73 Jiaohe tunnel woodland， 9.7 1.21 8.04 400 m right sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a wasteland， wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. farmland， Gold Buda CK248+800 Landform of slope, used woodland, close to Wangjiayao, Suggested to choose a n 74 woodland， 6.1 0.73 8.32 tunnel 350 m right suggested to find a new location. location wasteland， farmland， Landform of hillock vally, used farmland and woodland, Tunnel slag of ma entranc CK250+300 better vegetation, no mudstone or slide found at pits, No rockworks, resum 75 woodland， 17 2.13 7.97 e 1100 m left sensitive points as villages, schools under the rataining vegetation by greening a Yongchang wasteland， wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. tunnel farmland， Landform of gentle slope, used farmland and woodland, CK255+800 Suggested to choose a n 76 exit woodland， 16 2.00 8.00 close to Fumingdong village, suggested to find a new 200 m right location wasteland， location. Fuming farmland， Landform of hillock valley, used farmland and woodland, tunnel 1 CK257+700 Suggested to choose a n 77 woodland， 18.8 2.33 8.06 close to Dongcheng team 10, suggested to find a new entranc 800 m left location wasteland， location. e Fuming farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of gentle slope, used farmland and woodland, tunnel 2 CK259+000 rockworks, resum 78 Yanji city exit woodland， 12 1.47 8.18 no mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as 600 m left vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. Mingxing farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of gentle slope, used farmland and woodland, tunnel CK271+700 rockworks, resum 79 woodland， 17 2.13 7.97 no mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as Development 200 m left vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. tunnel levelling and refarming. farmland， Dongxing CK278+600 Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, close to Suggested to choose a n 80 woodland， 13 1.60 8.13 tunnel 450 m left Guangji village, suggested to find a new location. location wasteland， 81 Tumen Fuxing tunnel CK281+400 farmland， 21.4 2.67 8.00 Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, close to Suggested to choose a n 226 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） city Guangxing 400 m left woodland， river and village, suggested to find a new location, location tunnel wasteland， suggested to choose a new location. farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no entranc CK288+400 rockworks, resum 82 woodland， 28 3.47 8.08 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as e 1300 m right vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no inclined CK289+700 rockworks, resum 83 Shuinan woodland， 25 3.13 7.98 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as well1 2700 m right vegetation by greening a tunnel wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no inclined CK289+750 rockworks, resum 84 woodland， 15 1.87 8.04 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as well2 2700 m right vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location levelling and refarming. exit farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no CK291+900 rockworks, resum 85 entranc woodland， 56 6.93 8.08 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as 1900 m right vegetation by greening a e wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. Shangdongji Tunnel slag of ma farmland， Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, no ng tunnel inclined CK295+100 rockworks, resum 86 woodland， 34 4.27 7.97 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as well 400 m right vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. farmland， 87 exit woodland， 24 Tunnel slag of ma wasteland， Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, no CK296+000 rockworks, resum 8.32 8.09 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as 900 m left farmland， vegetation by greening a Lifeng Mt. villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. 88 woodland， 15.3 levelling and refarming. tunnel wasteland， farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, no entranc CK296+000 rockworks, resum 89 woodland， 28 3.47 4.41 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as Tumen Riguang Mt. e 900 m left vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. city tunnel levelling and refarming. inclined CK304+400 Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, no Tunnel slag of ma 90 farmland， 58 7.20 8.06 well 2100 m left mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as rockworks, resum China Academy of Railway Science 227 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） woodland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. vegetation by greening a exit levelling and refarming. wasteland， farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no entranc CK310+400 rockworks, resum 91 woodland， 28 3.47 8.08 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as e 1500 m left vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of vale, used farmland and woodland, no Hou’an Mt. inclined CK313+500 rockworks, resum 92 woodland， 31 3.87 8.02 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as tunnel well1 4300 m left vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. inclined farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no well2 CK318+100 rockworks, resum 93 woodland， 60 7.47 8.04 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as 2500 m left vegetation by greening a exit wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. Qingrong farmland， Landform of hillock gentle slope, used farmland and Tunnel slag of ma tunnel CK324+000 woodland, no mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive rockworks, resum 94 woodland， 41 5.13 7.99 400 m left points as villages, schools under the rataining wall, vegetation by greening a Funing tunnel wasteland， rational location. levelling and refarming. entranc farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of hilly vale, used farmland and woodland, no e CK328+700 rockworks, resum 95 woodland， 52.6 6.60 7.97 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as inclined 1400 m left vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. well1 levelling and refarming. Xixiakan Tunnel slag of ma tunnel farmland， Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, no inclined CK332+000 rockworks, resum 96 woodland， 38 4.73 8.03 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as well2 1300 m right vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. 97 exit farmland， 28 Tunnel slag of ma Huichun Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, no CK332+700 rockworks, resum city entranc woodland， 5.20 8.08 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as 98 1000 m left 14 vegetation by greening a e wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. Mijiangxiang farmland， Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, no tunnel 1 CK334+500 Suggested to choose a n 99 exit woodland， 12.6 1.56 8.08 mudstone or slide found at pits, close to the salmon 800 m left location。 wasteland， migration branck of Tumen river, suggested to find a new 228 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） farmland， location. Mijiangxiang 100 woodland， 26.4 3.31 7.98 tunnel 2 wasteland， farmland， Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no Mijiangxiang CK339+300 mudstone or slide found at pits, close to the salmon Suggested to choose a n 101 woodland， 10 1.27 7.89 tunnel 3 2400 m left migration branck of Tumen river, suggested to find a new location。 wasteland， location. farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, no entranc CK340+500 rockworks, resum 102 woodland， 28 3.47 8.08 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as e 300 m right vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Xiaopanling inclined Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, no CK343+200 rockworks, resum 103 tunnel 1 woodland， 32 4.00 8.00 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as well 350 m right vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. farmland， CK346+000 104 exit woodland， 27.8 Tunnel slag of ma å·¦ 1000 m left Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, no wasteland， rockworks, resum 3.48 11.78 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as farmland， vegetation by greening a entranc CK346+000 villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. 105 woodland， 13.2 levelling and refarming. e 1000 m left Xiaopanling wasteland， tunnel 2 farmland， CK347+900 106 exit woodland， 13.2 300m left Tunnel slag of ma wasteland， Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, no rockworks, resum entranc 7.27 7.98 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as 107 farmland， vegetation by greening a e CK347+900 villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. woodland， 44.8 levelling and refarming. inclined 300m left Xiaopanling well wasteland， tunnel 3 farmland， Tunnel slag of ma 108 Landform of slope, used farmland and woodland, no CK348+800 rockworks, resum exit woodland， 20 2.47 8.11 mudstone or slide found at pits, no sensitive points as 2200m lef vegetation by greening a wasteland， villages, schools under the rataining wall, rational location. levelling and refarming. China Academy of Railway Science 229 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Land Adminis Dumping Land area height No. -trative Pit Name Pit Location amount Pit Rationality Analysis Suggestion Type （hm （m） Division （10km3) 2） farmland， Tunnel slag of ma Landform of hillock vale, used farmland and woodland, Sandaoling CK357+900 rockworks, resum 109 woodland， 10 1.27 7.89 having Jingbian village under the retaining wall, suggested tunnel 350m left vegetation by greening a wasteland， to find a new location. levelling and refarming. Total 2518.4 324.21 230 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-5-3（2）Adjustment Summary of Borrow& Dumping Pits Adjustment No. Divicion Pit Name Pit Location Amount （10k m3) Land Area（hm2） Conditions 1 Caomugou tunnel exit CK27+800 right 28.2 4.99 3.4km left to DK31, 2 Beicigou tunnel entrance CK27+800 right 11.4 1.1km away from 3 Lanjialing tunnel entrance CK29+600 right 4.2 0.53 protection zone and 1.35 west to Pingxitun, mainly 4 Huopenggou tunnel exit CK32+200 left 9.7 1.23 woodland, 18km transporting distrance 5 Qingling tunnel entrance CK34+000 left 13.2 1.66 increased 6 entrance CK38+200 right 21.7 2.70 1.2km left to DK52, west to Xinli village, mainly 7 inclined well CK39+000 right 153.7 19.21 woodland, 8km transporting distrance Fala Mt. tunnel increased 4.5km left to DK54, Jiaohe city northeast to Haiqing villag 8 exit CK47+000 right 16.7 mainly woodland, 10km 5.57 transporting distrance increased 9 Shangmiaozi tunnel entrance CK47+000 right 27.8 Discarded to Perfume tunnel exit waste pit, 10 Taiping tunnel exit CK60+800 right 10.2 1.28 10km transporting distrance increased 500m right to DK71+600, east to south small Jiao d11 Jiaoxi tunnel exit CK65+500 left 8.2 1.03 River, mainly woodland, 15km transporting distrance increased 12 Fuqiang tunnel entrance CK80+500 right 18.6 2.33 231 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Adjustment No. Divicion Pit Name Pit Location Amount （10k m3) Land Area（hm2） Conditions Beitun tunnel 2 exit 2.5km left to DK198, 1km away from protection zone and 2.4km CK200+081 13 32 4.33 northeast to Hebeitun, entrance 1200 to left mainly woodland, 11km Beitun tunnel 3 transporting distrance increased exit 2km left to DK97+140, CK202+192 14 21 2.93 2.7km away from Liangbing tunnel 1 1300 to left protection zone and 3km CK204+002 north to Beitun, mainly 15 Liangbing tunnel 2 entrance 14.8 1.93 woodland, 13km 1600 to left CK204+495 transporting distrance 16 Liangbing tunnel 3 exit 5.4 0.67 increased 100 to left Fengxi tunnel 1 2km left to DK195+600, 2.7km away from Fengxi tunnel 2 protection zone and CK206+610 2.4km northeast to 17 40.2 5.20 600 to left Nangou, mainly Fengxi tunnel 3 exit woodland, 18km transporting distrance increased Puguang tunnel exit CK208+330 18 19.3 2.87 3km left to DK193+500, entrance 700 to left 4km away from protection zone and 3km CK210+400 19 Gaotai tunnel inclined well 27 4.00 north to Nangou, mainly 3000 to right woodland, 24km exit CK212+251 transporting distrance 20 18.4 2.53 increased Dragon Mt. tunnel 600 232 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Adjustment No. Divicion Pit Name Pit Location Amount （10k m3) Land Area（hm2） Conditions 4km left to DK194+140, 4.7km away from protection zone and 4km CK221+203 21 9-dragon tunnel exit 54 7.07 northeast to Nangou, 1000 to right mainly woodland, 38km transporting distrance increased Jingcheng tunnel exit 250m right to CK228+345 DK242+730, 1km away 22 20.2 2.60 Dacheng tunnel entrance 300 to right from protection zone and 1.5km northeast to Baoxing village, mainly CK232+403 woodland, 26km 23 5-family village tunnel entrance 16.4 2.13 100 to right transporting distrance increased CK233+775 250m right to 24 entrance 16 2.33 700 to felf DK241+240, 1km away 5-peak Mt. tunnel inclined well from protection zone and 2km northeast to Antu county exit CK237+451 Baoxing village, mainly 25 64 8.87 700 to left woodland, 26km entrance transporting distrance Yushuchuan tunnel increased exit 1km right to DK243+740, 1.9km away from protection zone and CK239+976 1.2km northeast to 26 43 6.33 Cock Crown Mt. tunnel entrance 900 to left Baoxing village, mainly woodland, 10km transporting distrance increased 233 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Dunhua Road Subgrade Dunhua Road Subgrade Earthworks Pit Waste Earthworks Pit Jiao RiverSubgrade Earthwork Pit Jiao River Subgrade Waste Earthworks Pit Dunhua Tunnel Slag Jiao River Tunnel Slag Dumping Pit Dumping Pit Jiao River Red Flag Village Southeast Earthworks West Jiao River Station Dumping Pit Dunhua City Dan River Mechanic & Earthworks Pit Electric Earthworks Pit Jiao River West Station Yanji Liming Village Earthworks Pit Yanji Shuinan Village Earthworks Pit Longjing Brass Buda Temple Earthworks Pit Earthworks Dumping Pit Figure 4-5-1 Some of Earthworks Borrow and Dumping Pits 234 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Dunhau Friendship Village Dunhau Chenglong Village South QuarryEarthworks Pit Earthworks Dumping Pit Jiao River Zhongsha Team Jiao River Beigou Village 5Earthworks Dumping Pit Earthworks Dumping Pit Jiao River Bi-temple Jiao River Dongnancha Slag Village Slag Dumping Pit Dumping Pit Photo 4-5-2 Some of Earthworks Borrow and Dumping Pits 235 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 5.5.2 Other Temporary Works Distribution The other temporary works included mainly assess road, girder precasting and storing plant, mixing station, rail placing base, tried to rent the old houses for the construction camps. The project built the new access road of 202.1km, repaired access road of 212.1km, estimated land occupation was 117.38hm2, mainly the wasteland. The other temporary works was distributed as shown in the table 5-5-5. Table 5-5-5 Other Temporary Projects Distribution Land Items Unit Quantity Location Area Construction access 82.68 km 202.1 Along the line （newly built） hm2 Construction access 34.70 km 212.1 Along the line （rebuilt） hm2 Maxiangtun station, Qushui Rail placement base place 2 16 hm2 station place Jilin station, Jiaohe Station, Dunhua station, Big Stone town Material plant 7 7 hm2 station, Antu station, Yanji station and Tumenn station Rail plank precasted place Jiaohe city, Big Stone town, 4 40 hm2 plant Yanji city, Liangshi town Beam making and place Xiaochuan, Jiaohe, Liushugou, 6 56 hm2 storing plant Weihuling, Antu, Yanjixi Concrete mixing place 58 Along the line 58 hm2 station Improved soil and place gradation broken stone 18 Along the line 18 hm2 mixing station 5.5.3 Environment Impact Analysis and Protection Methods I．Environment Impact Analysis The temporary works like borrow pits, girder precasting and storing yard, rail placing base, construction assess and mixing station impacted the environment in the following aspects: 236 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project (1) The occupation of the farmland by the temporary works had certain impact on the agricultural production along the project. During the occupation period, the total foodstuff production amount would be reduced; the occupation of uncultivated land like the wasteland would damage the ground surface vegetaion, lead to the breakage of the water and soil maintaining facilities, bring about certain soil erosion and increase the total amount of the soil erosion. (2) The disturbance to the ground surface during the constrution could change the soil internal physical structure within the occupied range of the temporary works, such as soil aperture reducing and density increasing, and affect the vertical intercourse of water and air in soil, influence the normal vegetation growth, lessen the vegetation coverage and biomass. II. Prevention and Protection Measures 1. Optimize the construction organization and design, reduce the influence from the source Due to the different working time of the borrow and dumping bits, mixing station and girder precasting and storing yard, the field for the borrow pit could be used for mixing station or girder precasting and storing plant after excavation. The project was parallel to Changtu line at some places, the open field of the Changtu stations could be employed for the rail placing base and girder precasting yard to reduce the land requisition for the temporary works and the vegetation damage of the temporary work. 2. Report for approval of the basic farmland by legal procedures, enhance the recultivation and vegetation restorage The essential farmland along the project were mostly distributed in Jiaohe city, Dunhua city, Yanji city and Huichuan city, and more in Jiaohe and Dunhau city. In order to minimize the occupation and segmentation of the essential farmland, the project was basically parallel to the old lines or Changtu Expressway passage. According to the land occupation of the project, the construction units should entrust the qualified company to compile a project land pre-qualification report, submitted for approval to the State Land Resource Ministry after checked and approved by the experts. The land pre-qualification report should put forward the farmland occupation and compensation scheme and essential farmland planning adjustment scheme. The adjustment should be made within the cities and prefectures along the project in line with the relative regulations of the State Land Resource Ministry and also within Jilin province. Based on the land occupation characteristics, the active measures should be taken for the recultivation of the temporary land. The assessment required that the farmland-taken borrow pit excavation should be controlled to be as shallow as within 2m depth and trimmed to be bench land or terrace for farm resuming; as for the gentle hill or mountain slope, the earth borrow could go down to ground surface, recultivation or vegetation restorage should be done according to the soil quality and surrounding conditions after the earth borrow. A timely levelling and restoring should be followed after the temporary works as the beam precasting yard and rail placing base on the old hardened field. The cultivation should be resumed completely in principle on the temporarily requisitioned land for the mixing station and beam precasting yard. 237 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project With the above illustrated preventive and protective measures, the impact of the temporary works on the ecological environment could be controlled within the acceptable range. The project preventive and protective measures for the temporary works were shown in the table 5-5-5. Table 5-5-5 Summary of Protection Methods of Temporary Projects Land Resuming No. Items Locations Area Methods Construction access 82.68 1 Along the line Greening （newly built） hm2 Construction access 34.70 2 Along the line Greening （rebuilt） hm2 Maxiangtun station, 3 Rail placement base 16 hm2 Site resuming Qushui station Jilin station, Jiaohe Station, Dunhua station, 4 Material plant Big Stone town station, 7 hm2 Site resuming Antu station, Yanji station and Tumenn station Jiaohe city, Big Stone Site resuming, Rail plank precasted 5 town, Yanji city, Liangshi 40 hm2 refarming, plant town recultivating Xiaochuan, Jiaohe, Beam making and 6 Liushugou, Weihuling, 56 hm2 Site resuming storing plant Antu, Yanjixi Concrete mixing Site resuming, 7 Along the line 58 hm2 station greening Improved soil and Site resuming, 8 gradation broken stone Along the line 18 hm2 refarming, mixing station recultivating refarming, Earthworks borrow 260.93 9 Along the line recultivating, and Dumping Pits hm2 greening refarming, Earthworks (slag) 474.34 10 Along the line recultivating, dumping area hm2 greening 5.6 Analysis on water and soil loss which may occur during construction 5.6.1 Causes of water and soil loss As a result of different topography, geological structure, meteorology, hydrology and human activities influence etc. in the areas where the railway passes, the water and soil loss caused in different sections of these areas has different types. In the construction process, due to construction activities such as engineering borrow, spoil and construction of subgrade, bridges and tunnels etc., which not only form the remodeling landscape with artificial slope, but also cause serious damage within the scope of the original landscape and natural vegetation, reducing or lost its original soil and water conservation function, accelerated occurrence and development of the original landform water and soil loss, and created a new artificial water and soil loss. 238 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Combining with the natural environmental conditions characteristics along the line of this project, main types of water and soil loss resulting from the construction is water erosion mainly distributed on temporary construction, production and living region such as occupied areas of both sides of the railway, subgrade slope, station, soil excavating and depositing site, and construction access. Road embankment: If it is not timely protected in filling process, the road embankment itself shall be washed by rainfall during the rainy season, causing part of soil loss to both sides of the road embankment; when the flood comes, the road embankment may be destroyed by the flood or be washed. Station: The filling and earth excavation of new station in this project are relatively large, the leveling, filling, or excavation of large area within the station will accelerate localized water and soil loss. Bridge and culvert: mainly because the pier reduces flow cross-section, backwater upstream and increased speed of downstream flow velocities causing erosion or scouring of both banks of the river to collapse occur, or water and soil loss was caused by scouring the floor of trench. In case earth excavation mucking of abutment foundation has not been disposed properly, water and soil loss may also occur. Tunnel: Mucking in this line of the tunnel, in case of inappropriate selection of stack yard site or protective measures, local water and soil loss easily occurs; earth excavation of the slope at the tunnel opening and open cut tunnel are consistent with road cut in nature, also leading to the destruction of vegetation, soil loosening to speed up water and soil loss. Borrow area: borrow operation will destroy the existing vegetation, to make erosion resistance of soil worse, and weaken soil and water conservation. If no prompt protective or other measures to restore vegetation after borrow are taken, the bare ground can easily result in water and soil loss. After the soil is borrowed, it has a lower fertility and becomes harden. Borrow operation will push the topsoil aside to pile, in case of inappropriate selection of stack yard site or protective measures, local water and soil loss easily occurs. spoil (waste slag) yard: in case of inappropriate selection of stack yard site or protective measures, a great quantity of loose deposits are highly susceptible to the influence of gravity and wash of rainfall causing water and soil loss. Construction access and site: opening up construction access and site shall both cause damage and disturbance to the vegetation and soil structure on the surface of the earth, leading to harden soil and decreased fertility. 5.6.2 Prediction of water and soil loss (1) Division of predicting phases Construction activities during construction period and activities disturbing the original landscape are mainly concentrated on key sites such as subgrade slope, side upward slope of tunnels, cone slope of bridges, Borrow area, spoil (waste slag) yard, road construction and construction sites etc.. The construction period at which construction activities such as earth and stonework excavation, filling and waste slag are concentrated to cause damage vegetation and destroy soil structure, leading to a reduction or loss of soil and water conservation function owned by original soil and 239 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project water conservation facilities in the project area, and bringing about a great amount of loose deposits which may be easily washed for occurrence of water and soil loss, is the key period for occurrence of water and soil loss. During the early operation, large-scale construction activities such as excavation, filling, and waste slag largely stop, but as part of water and soil conservation measure need to be gradually perform their functions, and taking into account that measures of some plants will be implemented at the later stage of the construction, some water and soil loss still occur at the early operation. Therefore, the prediction phases of water and soil loss of this project can be divided into 4 years of construction phase (2011~2014), 2 years of natural recovery phase (2015~2016). (2) Content and method of prediction According to the main project design and site survey, investigation, on the basis of analysis on the disturbance of the original landscape in project areas, damage to the land and vegetation of the area, source, quantity, location and stacking types of spoil, the area of water and soil loss which may probably occur shall be determined, through analogy investigation, the amount of potential water and soil loss should be predicted with empirical formula; according to forecasts, the harm of water and soil loss which may probably occur shall be analyzed and predicted. Contents of water and soil loss prediction includes: disturbed earth surface area in the project, damaged area of soil and water conservation facility area, quantity of spoil (waste slag), area of water and soil loss and amount of water and soil loss and so on. â‘  Area of disturbed original landform and damaging vegetation of earth surface The land use boundary of construction mainly covers permanent land acquisition and temporary land. The works implemented in the project construction area shall result in a complete change or a short-term loss in soil and water conservation function of original landform, thus leading to increased soil erosion and water and soil loss. The scope of works such as subgrade and station built in the project will cause permanent changes to the original function. The damage caused by the works to the original landform will be demonstrated on a permanently occupied area. Temporary sites such as soil excavating and depositing site and construction site through rehabilitation, restoration of vegetation and other measures may gradually resume its original function. The disturbed earth surface area of the project is 2216.88hm2, of which: arable land 963.74m2, woodland 930.64hm2, unused land 124.80hm2, construction land 158.91hm2, and other land 38.77 hm2. â‘¡ Prediction of amount of soil (ballast) excavating and depositing of the project Earth and stone work quantity of subgrade, station, tunnel and bridge works is 6990.29×104m3 in total, of which fill earth 2384.50×104m3, earth excavation 4605.79×104m3, excavation shipped for fill 1406.66×104m3, subgrade and station using the tunnel 208.98×104m3, earth to be borrowed 768.86×104m3, spoil 2990.15×104m3. â‘¢ Prediction of area of water and soil loss The area of water and soil loss which may occur during construction period the occupied area of the works in the natural recovery period, the permanent area of the line, station and ground hardening permanently affected area, area of water and soil loss which may occur during 240 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project construction will reduce. Water and soil loss area which may occur during construction period and natural recovery time may be shown in table 5-6-1. â‘£ Prediction of amount of water and soil loss a. Annual soil loss amount of original landform Using background value of water and soil loss, estimation should be conducted on the amount of water and soil loss of the original landform within the project scope. Estimation scope covers soil loss of original landform within permanent area and temporary land. After calculation, soil loss amount of original landform is up to 0.64 × 104t / a. For specific calculations, see table 5-6-2. b. Prediction of soil loss amount caused by disturbed earth surface of engineering construction and natural recovery phases. Newly added soil loss amount of disturbed earth surface during project construction period and natural recovery phases, and prediction of soil loss amount which may be caused shall adopt analog method. Newly added water and soil loss amount，that is, the difference between total amount of water and soil loss during construction period and natural recovery phase and the amount of water and soil loss of the original surface before the damage. The calculation formula is as follows: n ï‚´ ï?? W 1   ï?›F ï‚´ Miï¼? Pi） Ti） （ iï¼?1 Where: W1 - Newly added water and soil loss amount (t) F - Disturbed earth surface area (km2) Mi - Soil erosion modulus of remodeling landform (t/km2·a) Pi - Soil erosion modulus of original landform (t/km2·a) Ti - Predicting phases (a) Calculation of amount water and soil loss and prediction of their total amount caused by disturbed earth surface and natural recovery phase during construction period are shown in Table 5-6-3, 5-6-4, 5-6-5. 241 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-6-1 Summary of Soil Erosion Area during the Construction and Natural Restoration Period (Unit: hm2) Type of occupied lands and area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Administrativ dunring the in the second year OD Miles Project type Arable Woodlan Urban Construc Unused in the first year of e division construction of natural land d land tion land land natural restoration period restoration Subgrade 14.40 14.40 7.20 4.32 yard 0.00 0.00 0.00 perm Tunnel 0.00 0.00 0.00 anent land Bridge 2.15 2.15 1.08 0.65 Road diversion 0.60 0.40 0.33 0.13 1.46 0.49 0.29 Changy subtotal 0.60 0.40 16.88 0.13 0.00 18.01 8.76 5.26 CK0+000 ～ Land borrow i CK2+500 0.00 0.00 0.00 district area Spoil ground 0.00 0.00 0.00 temp Jilin orary Pioneer road 0.21 0.09 0.30 0.15 0.09 City land Construction 6.30 2.70 9.00 4.50 2.70 site and camp subtotal 6.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.79 9.30 4.65 2.79 Total 7.11 0.40 16.88 0.13 2.79 27.31 13.41 8.05 Subgrade 5.47 5.47 2.74 1.64 yard 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fengma perm CK2+500 ～ n anent Tunnel 0.00 0.00 0.00 CK3+560 District area Bridge 1.87 1.87 0.94 0.56 Road diversion 0.67 1.33 1.00 0.33 3.33 1.11 0.67 242 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Type of occupied lands and area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Administrativ dunring the in the second year OD Miles Project type Arable Woodlan Urban Construc Unused in the first year of e division construction of natural land d land tion land land natural restoration period restoration subtotal 0.67 1.33 8.34 0.33 0.00 10.67 4.78 2.87 Land borrow 0.00 0.00 0.00 area Spoil ground 0.00 0.00 0.00 temp orary Pioneer road 1.23 0.53 1.76 0.88 0.53 land Construction 0.70 0.30 1.00 0.50 0.30 site and camp subtotal 1.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 2.76 1.38 0.83 Total 2.60 1.33 8.34 0.33 0.83 13.43 6.16 3.70 Subgrade 18.89 30.70 8.85 0.31 58.75 29.38 17.63 yard 0.00 0.00 0.00 perm Tunnel 0.75 0.75 0.38 0.23 anent area Bridge 5.00 8.12 2.34 0.08 15.54 7.77 4.66 Road diversion 5.27 5.73 2.47 0.73 14.20 4.73 2.84 Longta CK3+560 ～ subtotal 29.16 45.30 2.47 11.92 0.39 89.24 42.25 25.35 n CK24+460 District Land borrow 0.00 0.00 0.00 area Spoil ground 13.15 1.48 14.63 7.32 4.39 temp orary Pioneer road 4.53 1.94 6.47 3.24 1.94 land Construction 10.03 4.30 14.33 7.17 4.30 site and camp subtotal 27.71 1.48 0.00 0.00 6.24 35.43 17.72 10.63 243 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Type of occupied lands and area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Administrativ dunring the in the second year OD Miles Project type Arable Woodlan Urban Construc Unused in the first year of e division construction of natural land d land tion land land natural restoration period restoration Total 56.87 46.78 2.47 11.92 6.63 124.67 59.97 35.98 Subgrade 73.54 106.63 2.76 0.11 183.04 91.52 54.91 yard 12.60 3.33 15.93 7.97 4.78 perm Tunnel 0.15 11.85 12.00 6.00 3.60 anent area Bridge 12.31 17.85 0.46 0.02 30.64 15.32 9.19 Road diversion 1.54 4.40 5.94 1.98 1.19 subtotal 100.14 144.06 0.00 3.22 0.13 247.55 122.79 73.671 CK24+460 ～ Jiaohe Land borrow CK112+535 City 4.57 18.27 22.84 11.42 6.85 area Spoil ground 76.19 49.32 125.51 62.76 37.65 temp orary Pioneer road 20.63 8.84 29.47 14.74 8.84 land Construction 33.71 14.45 48.16 24.08 14.45 site and camp subtotal 135.10 67.59 0.00 0.00 23.29 225.98 112.99 67.79 Total 235.24 211.65 0.00 3.22 23.42 473.53 235.78 141.47 Yanb Subgrade 128.33 73.59 18.17 7.04 227.13 113.57 68.14 ian yard 12.07 9.00 41.33 62.40 31.20 18.72 Kore perm Tunnel 0.80 5.20 6.00 3.00 1.80 CK112+535 ～ an Dunhua anent CK191+420 Auto City area Bridge 22.68 13.01 3.21 1.25 40.15 20.08 12.05 nom ous Road diversion 2.53 3.93 0.93 7.39 2.46 1.48 Prefe subtotal 166.41 104.73 0.93 62.71 8.29 343.07 170.30 102.18 244 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Type of occupied lands and area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Administrativ dunring the in the second year OD Miles Project type Arable Woodlan Urban Construc Unused in the first year of e division construction of natural land d land tion land land natural restoration period restoration cture Land borrow 1.51 6.04 7.55 3.78 2.27 area Spoil ground 13.55 38.22 51.77 25.89 15.53 temp orary Pioneer road 9.21 3.95 13.16 6.58 3.95 land Construction 23.73 10.17 33.90 16.95 10.17 site and camp subtotal 48.00 44.26 0.00 0.00 14.12 106.38 53.19 31.914 Total 214.41 148.99 0.93 62.71 22.41 449.45 223.49 134.10 Subgrade 37.66 51.63 2.37 13.51 105.17 52.59 31.55 yard 3.82 4.33 10.20 18.35 9.18 5.51 perm Tunnel 1.65 9.35 11.00 5.50 3.30 anent area Bridge 4.73 5.53 0.30 1.69 12.25 6.13 3.68 Road diversion 1.53 2.07 1.00 4.60 1.53 0.92 subtotal 49.39 72.91 1.00 12.87 15.20 151.37 74.92 44.95 CK191+420 ～ Antu Land borrow CK241+340 City 6.80 27.20 34.00 17.00 10.20 area Spoil ground 18.28 69.19 87.47 43.74 26.24 temp orary Pioneer road 14.17 6.07 20.24 10.12 6.07 land Construction 13.77 5.90 19.67 9.84 5.90 site and camp subtotal 53.02 96.39 0.00 0.00 11.97 161.38 80.69 48.41 Total 102.41 169.30 1.00 12.87 27.17 312.75 155.61 93.37 245 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Type of occupied lands and area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Administrativ dunring the in the second year OD Miles Project type Arable Woodlan Urban Construc Unused in the first year of e division construction of natural land d land tion land land natural restoration period restoration Subgrade 10.68 12.50 0.67 3.83 27.68 13.84 8.30 yard 0.00 0.00 0.00 perm Tunnel 0.23 1.27 1.50 0.75 0.45 anent area Bridge 1.29 1.51 0.08 0.47 3.35 1.68 1.01 Road diversion 1.07 1.53 2.60 0.87 0.52 subtotal 13.27 16.81 0.00 0.75 4.30 35.13 17.13 10.28 CK241+340 ～ Longjin Land borrow CK253+440 g City 0.97 3.86 4.83 2.42 1.45 area Spoil ground 2.85 13.21 16.06 8.03 4.82 temp orary Pioneer road 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 land Construction 2.10 0.90 3.00 1.50 0.90 site and camp subtotal 5.92 17.07 0.00 0.00 0.90 23.89 11.95 7.17 Total 19.19 33.88 0.00 0.75 5.20 59.02 29.08 17.45 Subgrade 35.80 0.14 7.33 1.15 44.42 22.21 13.33 yard 12.50 12.00 25.00 49.50 24.75 14.85 perm Tunnel 0.37 2.13 2.50 1.25 0.75 anent CK253+440 ～ Yanji area Bridge 14.77 0.06 3.02 0.47 18.32 9.16 5.50 CK278+120 City Road diversion 3.07 2.13 1.60 0.73 7.53 2.51 1.51 subtotal 66.51 16.46 1.60 36.08 1.62 122.27 59.88 35.93 temp Land borrow 6.89 27.54 34.43 17.22 10.33 orary area 246 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Type of occupied lands and area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Administrativ dunring the in the second year OD Miles Project type Arable Woodlan Urban Construc Unused in the first year of e division construction of natural land d land tion land land natural restoration period restoration land Spoil ground 5.55 14.65 20.20 10.10 6.06 Pioneer road 5.24 2.24 7.48 3.74 2.24 Construction 16.89 7.24 24.13 12.07 7.24 site and camp subtotal 34.57 42.19 0.00 0.00 9.48 86.24 43.12 25.87 Total 101.08 58.65 1.60 36.08 11.10 208.51 103.00 61.80 Subgrade 24.05 10.73 5.15 0.83 40.76 20.38 12.23 yard 8.42 19.53 18.67 46.62 23.31 13.99 perm Tunnel 0.75 4.25 5.00 2.50 1.50 anent area Bridge 8.70 3.88 1.87 0.30 14.75 7.38 4.43 Road diversion 1.20 1.53 2.73 0.91 0.55 subtotal 43.12 39.92 0.00 25.69 1.13 109.86 54.48 32.69 CK278+120 ～ Tumen Land borrow CK330+320 City 7.88 31.50 39.38 19.69 11.81 area Spoil ground 53.20 45.61 98.81 49.41 29.64 temp orary Pioneer road 1.82 0.78 2.60 1.30 0.78 land Construction 19.74 8.46 28.20 14.10 8.46 site and camp subtotal 82.64 77.11 0.00 0.00 9.24 168.99 84.50 50.70 Total 125.76 117.03 0.00 25.69 10.37 278.85 138.97 83.38 CK330+320 ～ Hunchu perm Subgrade 7.63 3.88 0.64 0.75 12.90 6.45 3.87 CK362+200 n City anent yard 0.00 10.03 4.00 14.03 7.02 4.21 247 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Type of occupied lands and area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Administrativ dunring the in the second year OD Miles Project type Arable Woodlan Urban Construc Unused in the first year of e division construction of natural land d land tion land land natural restoration period restoration area Tunnel 0.00 4.25 4.25 2.13 1.28 Bridge 6.58 3.35 0.55 0.65 11.13 5.57 3.34 Road diversion 2.07 2.20 4.27 1.42 0.85 subtotal 16.28 23.71 0.00 5.19 1.40 46.58 22.58 13.55 Land borrow 23.58 94.33 117.91 58.96 35.37 area Spoil ground 27.77 32.12 59.89 29.95 17.97 temp orary Pioneer road 25.10 10.76 35.86 17.93 10.76 land Construction 6.35 2.72 9.07 4.53 2.72 site and camp subtotal 82.80 126.45 0.00 0.00 13.48 222.73 111.37 66.82 Total 99.08 150.16 0.00 5.19 14.88 269.31 133.94 80.37 Total 963.75 938.17 31.22 158.89 124.80 2216.83 1099.41 659.64 248 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-6-2 Calculation of Soil Erosion of the Original Landscaple Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s Subgrade 250 0.00 200 0.00 14.40 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 yard 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 per Tunnel 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 man ent Bridge 250 0.00 200 0.00 2.15 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 area Road 0.60 250 1.50 0.40 200 0.80 0.33 0 0.00 0.13 200 0.26 250 0.00 diversion subtotal 0.60 1.50 0.40 0.80 16.88 0.13 0.26 0.00 0.00 Land CK0+000 ～ Changyi borrow 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 CK2+500 district area Spoil Jilin tem ground 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 City pora Pioneer ry road 0.21 250 0.53 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 0.09 250 0.23 land Construc tion site 6.30 250 15.75 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 2.70 250 6.75 and camp subtotal 6.51 16.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.79 6.98 Total 7.11 17.78 0.40 18.18 16.88 0.13 0.26 2.79 6.98 Subgrade 250 0.00 200 0.00 5.47 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 per Fengma CK2+500 ～ man yard 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 n CK3+560 ent Tunnel 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 district area Bridge 250 0.00 200 0.00 1.87 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 249 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s Road 0.67 250 1.68 1.33 200 2.66 1.00 0 0.00 0.33 200 0.66 250 0.00 diversion subtotal 0.67 1.68 1.33 2.66 8.34 0.33 0.66 0.00 0.00 Land borrow 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 area Spoil tem ground 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 pora Pioneer ry road 1.23 250 3.08 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 0.53 250 1.33 land Construc tion site 0.70 250 1.75 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 0.30 250 0.75 and camp subtotal 1.93 4.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 2.08 Total 2.60 6.50 1.33 7.83 8.34 0.33 0.66 0.83 2.08 Subgrade 18.89 250 47.23 30.70 200 61.40 0 0.00 8.85 200 17.70 0.31 250 0.78 yard 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 per Tunnel 250 0.00 0.75 200 1.50 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 man ent Bridge 5.00 250 12.50 8.12 200 16.24 0 0.00 2.34 200 4.68 0.08 250 0.20 CK3+560 ～ Longtan area Road 5.27 250 13.18 5.73 200 11.46 2.47 0 0.00 0.73 200 1.46 250 0.00 CK24+460 district diversion subtotal 29.16 72.90 45.30 90.60 2.47 11.92 23.84 0.39 0.98 tem Land pora borrow 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 ry area land Spoil 13.15 250 32.88 1.48 200 2.96 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 250 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s ground Pioneer 4.53 250 11.33 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 1.94 250 4.85 road Construc tion site 10.03 250 25.08 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 4.30 250 10.75 and camp subtotal 27.71 69.28 1.48 2.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.24 15.60 Total 56.87 142.18 46.78 188.96 2.47 11.92 23.84 6.63 16.58 Subgrade 73.54 250 183.85 106.63 200 213.26 0 0.00 2.76 200 5.52 0.11 250 0.28 yard 12.60 250 31.50 3.33 200 6.66 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 per Tunnel 0.15 250 0.38 11.85 200 23.70 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 man ent Bridge 12.31 250 30.78 17.85 200 35.70 0 0.00 0.46 200 0.92 0.02 250 0.05 area Road 1.54 250 3.85 4.40 200 8.80 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 diversion subtotal 100.14 250.35 144.06 288.12 0.00 3.22 6.44 0.13 0.33 CK24+460 Land Jiaohe ～ borrow 4.57 250 11.43 18.27 200 36.54 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 city CK112+535 area Spoil tem ground 76.19 250 190.48 49.32 200 98.64 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 pora Pioneer ry road 20.63 250 51.58 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 8.84 250 22.10 land Construc tion site 33.71 250 84.28 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 14.45 250 36.13 and camp subtotal 135.10 337.75 67.59 135.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.29 58.23 251 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s Total 235.24 588.10 211.65 799.75 0.00 3.22 6.44 23.42 58.55 Subgrade 128.33 250 320.83 73.59 200 147.18 0 0.00 18.17 200 36.34 7.04 250 17.60 yard 12.07 250 30.18 9.00 200 18.00 0 0.00 41.33 200 82.66 250 0.00 per Tunnel 0.80 250 2.00 5.20 200 10.40 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 man ent Bridge 22.68 250 56.70 13.01 200 26.02 0 0.00 3.21 200 6.42 1.25 250 3.13 area Road 2.53 250 6.33 3.93 200 7.86 0.93 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 diversion subtotal 166.41 416.03 104.73 209.46 0.93 62.71 125.42 8.29 20.73 Land CK112+535 Yanbi Dunhua borrow 1.51 250 3.78 6.04 200 12.08 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 ～ an area city CK191+420 Korea Spoil n tem ground 13.55 250 33.88 38.22 200 76.44 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 Auton pora Pioneer omou ry road 9.21 250 23.03 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 3.95 250 9.88 s land Construc Regio tion site 23.73 250 59.33 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 10.17 250 25.43 n and camp subtotal 48.00 120.00 44.26 88.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.12 35.30 Total 214.41 536.03 148.99 685.02 0.93 62.71 125.42 22.41 56.03 Subgrade 37.66 250 94.15 51.63 200 103.26 0 0.00 2.37 200 4.74 13.51 250 33.78 per yard 3.82 250 9.55 4.33 200 8.66 0 0.00 10.20 200 20.40 250 0.00 CK191+420 Antu man ～ Tunnel 1.65 250 4.13 9.35 200 18.70 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 City ent CK241+340 area Bridge 4.73 250 11.83 5.53 200 11.06 0 0.00 0.30 200 0.60 1.69 250 4.23 Road 1.53 250 3.83 2.07 200 4.14 1.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 252 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s diversion subtotal 49.39 123.48 72.91 145.82 1.00 12.87 25.74 15.20 38.00 Land borrow 6.80 250 17.00 27.20 200 54.40 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 area Spoil tem ground 18.28 250 45.70 69.19 200 138.38 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 pora Pioneer ry road 14.17 250 35.43 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 6.07 250 15.18 land Construc tion site 13.77 250 34.43 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 5.90 250 14.75 and camp subtotal 53.02 132.55 96.39 192.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.97 29.93 Total 102.41 256.03 169.30 425.33 1.00 12.87 25.74 27.17 67.93 Subgrade 10.68 250 26.70 12.50 200 25.00 0 0.00 0.67 200 1.34 3.83 250 9.58 yard 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 per Tunnel 0.23 250 0.58 1.27 200 2.54 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 man ent Bridge 1.29 250 3.23 1.51 200 3.02 0 0.00 0.08 200 0.16 0.47 250 1.18 CK241+340 area Road Longjin 1.07 250 2.68 1.53 200 3.06 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 ～ diversion g city CK253+440 subtotal 13.27 0.00 16.81 33.62 0.00 0.75 1.50 4.30 10.75 Land tem borrow 0.97 250 2.43 3.86 200 7.72 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 pora area ry Spoil land 2.85 250 7.13 13.21 200 26.42 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 ground 253 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s Pioneer 0.00 250 0.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 road Construc tion site 2.10 250 5.25 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 0.90 250 2.25 and camp subtotal 5.92 47.98 17.07 34.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 2.25 Total 19.19 47.98 33.88 81.86 0.00 0.75 1.50 5.20 13.00 Subgrade 35.80 250 89.50 0.14 200 0.28 0 0.00 7.33 200 14.66 1.15 250 2.88 yard 12.50 250 31.25 12.00 200 24.00 0 0.00 25.00 200 50.00 250 0.00 per Tunnel 0.37 250 0.93 2.13 200 4.26 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 man ent Bridge 14.77 250 36.93 0.06 200 0.12 0 0.00 3.02 200 6.04 0.47 250 1.18 area Road 3.07 250 7.68 2.13 200 4.26 1.60 0 0.00 0.73 200 1.46 250 0.00 diversion subtotal 66.51 166.28 16.46 32.92 1.60 36.08 72.16 1.62 4.05 Land CK253+440 Yanji borrow 6.89 250 17.23 27.54 200 55.08 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 ～ area city CK278+120 Spoil tem ground 5.55 250 13.88 14.65 200 29.30 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 pora Pioneer ry road 5.24 250 13.10 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 2.24 250 5.60 land Construc tion site 16.89 250 42.23 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 7.24 250 18.10 and camp subtotal 34.57 86.43 42.19 84.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.48 31.80 Total 101.08 252.70 58.65 311.35 1.60 36.08 72.16 11.10 35.85 254 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s Subgrade 24.05 250 60.13 10.73 200 21.46 0 0.00 5.15 200 10.30 0.83 250 2.08 yard 8.42 250 21.05 19.53 200 39.06 0 0.00 18.67 200 37.34 250 0.00 per Tunnel 0.75 250 1.88 4.25 200 8.50 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 man ent Bridge 8.70 250 21.75 3.88 200 7.76 0 0.00 1.87 200 3.74 0.30 250 0.75 area Road 1.20 250 3.00 1.53 200 3.06 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 diversion subtotal 43.12 107.80 39.92 79.84 0.00 25.69 51.38 1.13 2.83 Land CK278+120 Tumen borrow 7.88 250 19.70 31.50 200 63.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 ～ area city CK330+320 Spoil tem ground 53.20 250 133.00 45.61 200 91.22 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 pora Pioneer ry road 1.82 250 4.55 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 0.78 250 1.95 land Construc tion site 19.74 250 49.35 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 8.46 250 21.15 and camp subtotal 82.64 206.60 77.11 154.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.24 23.10 Total 125.76 314.40 117.03 431.43 0.00 25.69 51.38 10.37 25.93 Subgrade 7.63 250 19.08 3.88 200 7.76 0 0.00 0.64 200 1.28 0.75 250 1.88 CK330+320 per yard 0.00 250 0.00 10.03 200 20.06 0 0.00 4.00 200 8.00 250 0.00 Hunchu man Tunnel 0.00 250 0.00 4.25 200 8.50 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 ～ n city ent CK362+200 Bridge 6.58 250 16.45 3.35 200 6.70 0 0.00 0.55 200 1.10 0.65 250 1.63 area Road 2.07 250 5.18 2.20 200 4.40 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 diversion 255 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Arable land Woodland Urban land Construction land Unused land Administrative Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual Erosion Annual OD Miles Project type division Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss Area modulu loss s s s s s subtotal 16.28 40.70 23.71 47.42 0.00 5.19 10.38 1.40 3.50 Land borrow 23.58 250 58.96 94.33 200 188.66 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 area Spoil tem ground 27.77 250 69.42 32.12 200 64.25 0 0.00 200 0.00 250 0.00 pora Pioneer ry road 25.10 250 62.76 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 10.76 250 26.90 land Construc tion site 6.35 250 15.87 200 0.00 0 0.00 200 0.00 2.72 250 6.80 and camp subtotal 82.80 207.00 126.45 252.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.48 33.70 Total 99.08 247.70 150.16 397.86 0.00 5.19 10.38 14.88 37.20 2409.3 3347.5 Total 963.75 938.17 31.22 0.00 158.89 317.78 124.80 320.10 7 5 256 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-6-3 Estimation of Soil Erosion in the Construction and Natural Restoration Period Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Subgrade 14.40 4500 3 1944.00 7.20 2250 1 162.00 4.32 900.00 1 38.88 yard 0.00 4000 2 0.00 0.00 2000 1 0.00 0.00 800.00 1 0.00 perma Tunnel 0.00 4500 3 0.00 0.00 2250 1 0.00 0.00 900.00 1 0.00 nent Bridge 2.15 3000 3 193.50 1.08 1500 1 16.13 0.65 600.00 1 3.87 area Road 1.46 4500 2 131.40 0.49 2250 1 10.95 0.29 900.00 1 2.63 diversion subtotal 18.01 / / 2268.90 8.76 / / 189.08 5.26 / 1 45.38 Chan Land CK0+000 gyi borrow 0.00 5500 4 0.00 0.00 2750 1 0.00 0.00 1100.00 1 0.00 ～ distric area CK2+500 t Spoil Jilin 0.00 5000 4 0.00 0.00 2500 1 0.00 0.00 1000.00 1 0.00 tempo ground city rary Pioneer 0.30 2500 4 30.00 0.15 1250 1 1.88 0.09 500.00 1 0.45 land road Constructi on site and 9.00 2000 4 720.00 4.50 1000 1 45.00 2.70 400.00 1 10.80 camp subtotal 9.30 / / 750.00 4.65 / / 46.88 2.79 / / 11.25 Total 27.31 / / 3018.90 13.41 / / 235.95 8.05 / / 56.63 Subgrade 5.47 4500 3 738.45 2.74 2250 1 61.54 1.64 900.00 1 14.77 Feng CK2+500 perma yard 0.00 4000 2 0.00 0.00 2000 1 0.00 0.00 800.00 1 0.00 man ～ nent distric CK3+560 area Tunnel 0.00 4500 3 0.00 0.00 2250 1 0.00 0.00 900.00 1 0.00 t Bridge 1.87 3000 3 168.30 0.94 1500 1 14.03 0.56 600.00 1 3.37 257 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Road 3.33 4500 2 299.70 1.11 2250 1 24.98 0.67 900.00 1 5.99 diversion subtotal 10.67 / / 1206.45 4.78 / / 100.54 2.87 / 1 24.13 Land borrow 0.00 5500 4 0.00 0.00 2750 1 0.00 0.00 1100.00 1 0.00 area 弃土 0.00 5000 4 0.00 0.00 2500 1 0.00 0.00 1000.00 1 0.00 tempo （碴）场 rary Pioneer 1.76 2500 4 176.00 0.88 1250 1 11.00 0.53 500.00 1 2.64 land road Constructi on site and 1.00 2000 4 80.00 0.50 1000 1 5.00 0.30 400.00 1 1.20 camp subtotal 2.76 / / 256.00 1.38 / / 16.00 0.83 / / 3.84 Total 13.43 / / 1462.45 6.16 / / 116.54 3.70 / / 27.97 Subgrade 58.75 4500 3 7931.25 29.38 2250 1 660.94 17.63 900.00 1 158.63 yard 0.00 4000 2 0.00 0.00 2000 1 0.00 0.00 800.00 1 0.00 perma Tunnel 0.75 4500 3 101.25 0.38 2250 1 8.44 0.23 900.00 1 2.03 CK3+560 Longt nent Bridge 15.54 3000 3 1398.60 7.77 1500 1 116.55 4.66 600.00 1 27.97 ～ an area Road CK24+46 distric 14.20 4500 2 1278.00 4.73 2250 1 106.50 2.84 900.00 1 25.56 diversion 0 t subtotal 89.24 / / 10709.10 42.25 / / 892.43 25.35 / 1 214.18 tempo Land rary borrow 0.00 5500 4 0.00 0.00 2750 1 0.00 0.00 1100.00 1 0.00 land area 258 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Spoil 14.63 5000 4 2926.00 7.32 2500 1 182.88 4.39 1000.00 1 43.89 ground Pioneer 6.47 2500 4 647.00 3.24 1250 1 40.44 1.94 500.00 1 9.71 road Constructi on site and 14.33 2000 4 1146.40 7.17 1000 1 71.65 4.30 400.00 1 17.20 camp subtotal 35.43 / / 4719.40 17.72 / / 294.96 10.63 / / 70.79 Total 124.67 / / 15428.50 59.97 / / 1187.39 35.98 / / 284.97 Subgrade 183.04 4500 3 24710.40 91.52 2250 1 2059.20 54.91 900.00 1 494.21 yard 15.93 4000 2 1274.40 7.97 2000 1 159.30 4.78 800.00 1 38.23 perma Tunnel 12.00 4500 3 1620.00 6.00 2250 1 135.00 3.60 900.00 1 32.40 nent Bridge 30.64 3000 3 2757.60 15.32 1500 1 229.80 9.19 600.00 1 55.15 area Road 5.94 4500 2 534.60 1.98 2250 1 44.55 1.19 900.00 1 10.69 diversion CK24+46 subtotal 247.55 / / 30897.00 122.79 / / 2627.85 73.671 / 1 630.68 0 ～ Jiaohe Land CK112+5 city borrow 22.84 5500 4 5024.80 11.42 2750 1 314.05 6.85 1100.00 1 75.37 35 area Spoil tempo 125.51 5000 4 25102.00 62.76 2500 1 1568.88 37.65 1000.00 1 376.53 ground rary Pioneer land 29.47 2500 4 2947.00 14.74 1250 1 184.19 8.84 500.00 1 44.21 road Constructi on site and 48.16 2000 4 3852.80 24.08 1000 1 240.80 14.45 400.00 1 57.79 camp 259 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount subtotal 225.98 / / 36926.60 112.99 / / 2307.91 67.79 / / 553.90 Total 473.53 / / 67823.60 235.78 / / 4935.76 141.47 / / 1184.58 Subgrade 227.13 4500 3 30662.55 113.57 2250 1 2555.21 68.14 900.00 1 613.25 yard 62.40 4000 2 4992.00 31.20 2000 1 624.00 18.72 800.00 1 149.76 perma Tunnel 6.00 4500 3 810.00 3.00 2250 1 67.50 1.80 900.00 1 16.20 nent Bridge 40.15 3000 3 3613.50 20.08 1500 1 301.13 12.05 600.00 1 72.27 area Road 7.39 4500 2 665.10 2.46 2250 1 55.43 1.48 900.00 1 13.30 diversion subtotal 343.07 / / 40743.15 170.30 / / 3603.26 102.18 / 1 864.78 CK112+5 Yanbi Land an 敦 化 35 ～ borrow 7.55 5500 4 1661.00 3.78 2750 1 103.81 2.27 1100.00 1 24.92 Korea CK191+4 市 area n 20 Spoil Auton 51.77 5000 4 10354.00 25.89 2500 1 647.13 15.53 1000.00 1 155.31 omou tempo ground s rary Pioneer 13.16 2500 4 1316.00 6.58 1250 1 82.25 3.95 500.00 1 19.74 Regio land road n Constructi on site and 33.90 2000 4 2712.00 16.95 1000 1 169.50 10.17 400.00 1 40.68 camp subtotal 106.38 / / 16043.00 53.19 / / 1002.69 31.914 / / 240.65 Total 449.45 / / 56786.15 223.49 / / 4605.95 134.10 / / 1105.43 CK191+4 perma Subgrade 105.17 4500 3 14197.95 52.59 2250 1 1183.16 31.55 900.00 1 283.96 Antu 20 ～ nent yard 18.35 4000 2 1468.00 9.18 2000 1 183.50 5.51 800.00 1 44.04 city CK241+3 area Tunnel 11.00 4500 3 1485.00 5.50 2250 1 123.75 3.30 900.00 1 29.70 260 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount 40 Bridge 12.25 3000 3 1102.50 6.13 1500 1 91.88 3.68 600.00 1 22.05 Road 4.60 4500 2 414.00 1.53 2250 1 34.50 0.92 900.00 1 8.28 diversion subtotal 151.37 / / 18667.45 74.92 / / 1616.79 44.95 / 1 388.03 Land borrow 34.00 5500 4 7480.00 17.00 2750 1 467.50 10.20 1100.00 1 112.20 area Spoil 87.47 5000 4 17494.00 43.74 2500 1 1093.38 26.24 1000.00 1 262.41 tempo ground rary Pioneer 20.24 2500 4 2024.00 10.12 1250 1 126.50 6.07 500.00 1 30.36 land road Constructi on site and 19.67 2000 4 1573.60 9.84 1000 1 98.35 5.90 400.00 1 23.60 camp subtotal 161.38 / / 28571.60 80.69 / / 1785.73 48.41 / / 428.57 Total 312.75 / / 47239.05 155.61 / / 3402.51 93.37 / / 816.60 Subgrade 27.68 4500 3 3736.80 13.84 2250 1 311.40 8.30 900.00 1 74.74 yard 0.00 4000 2 0.00 0.00 2000 1 0.00 0.00 800.00 1 0.00 perma Tunnel 1.50 4500 3 202.50 0.75 2250 1 16.88 0.45 900.00 1 4.05 CK241+3 nent Bridge 3.35 3000 3 301.50 1.68 1500 1 25.13 1.01 600.00 1 6.03 Longj 40 ～ area ing Road CK253+4 2.60 4500 2 234.00 0.87 2250 1 19.50 0.52 900.00 1 4.68 city diversion 40 subtotal 35.13 / / 4474.80 17.13 / / 372.90 10.28 / 1 89.50 tempo Land rary borrow 4.83 5500 4 1062.60 2.42 2750 1 66.41 1.45 1100.00 1 15.94 land area 261 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Spoil 16.06 5000 4 3212.00 8.03 2500 1 200.75 4.82 1000.00 1 48.18 ground Pioneer 0.00 2500 4 0.00 0.00 1250 1 0.00 0.00 500.00 1 0.00 road Constructi on site and 3.00 2000 4 240.00 1.50 1000 1 15.00 0.90 400.00 1 3.60 camp subtotal 23.89 / / 4514.60 11.95 / / 282.16 7.17 / / 67.72 Total 59.02 / / 8989.40 29.08 / / 655.06 17.45 / / 157.22 Subgrade 44.42 4500 3 5996.70 22.21 2250 1 499.73 13.33 900.00 1 119.93 yard 49.50 4000 2 3960.00 24.75 2000 1 495.00 14.85 800.00 1 118.80 perma Tunnel 2.50 4500 3 337.50 1.25 2250 1 28.13 0.75 900.00 1 6.75 nent Bridge 18.32 3000 3 1648.80 9.16 1500 1 137.40 5.50 600.00 1 32.98 area Road 7.53 4500 2 677.70 2.51 2250 1 56.48 1.51 900.00 1 13.55 diversion CK253+4 subtotal 122.27 / / 12620.70 59.88 / / 1216.73 35.93 / 1 292.01 40 ～ Yanji Land CK278+1 city borrow 34.43 5500 4 7574.60 17.22 2750 1 473.41 10.33 1100.00 1 113.62 20 area Spoil tempo 20.20 5000 4 4040.00 10.10 2500 1 252.50 6.06 1000.00 1 60.60 ground rary Pioneer land 7.48 2500 4 748.00 3.74 1250 1 46.75 2.24 500.00 1 11.22 road Constructi on site and 24.13 2000 4 1930.40 12.07 1000 1 120.65 7.24 400.00 1 28.96 camp 262 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount subtotal 86.24 / / 14293.00 43.12 / / 893.31 25.87 / / 214.40 Total 208.51 / / 26913.70 103.00 / / 2110.04 61.80 / / 506.41 Subgrade 40.76 4500 3 5502.60 20.38 2250 1 458.55 12.23 900.00 1 110.05 yard 46.62 4000 2 3729.60 23.31 2000 1 466.20 13.99 800.00 1 111.89 perma Tunnel 5.00 4500 3 675.00 2.50 2250 1 56.25 1.50 900.00 1 13.50 nent Bridge 14.75 3000 3 1327.50 7.38 1500 1 110.63 4.43 600.00 1 26.55 area Road 2.73 4500 2 245.70 0.91 2250 1 20.48 0.55 900.00 1 4.91 diversion subtotal 109.86 / / 11480.40 54.48 / / 1112.10 32.69 / 1 266.90 CK278+1 Land 20 ～ Tume borrow 39.38 5500 4 8663.60 19.69 2750 1 541.48 11.81 1100.00 1 129.95 CK330+3 n city area 20 Spoil 98.81 5000 4 19762.00 49.41 2500 1 1235.13 29.64 1000.00 1 296.43 tempo ground rary Pioneer 2.60 2500 4 260.00 1.30 1250 1 16.25 0.78 500.00 1 3.90 land road Constructi on site and 28.20 2000 4 2256.00 14.10 1000 1 141.00 8.46 400.00 1 33.84 camp subtotal 168.99 / / 30941.60 84.50 / / 1933.85 50.70 / / 464.12 Total 278.85 / / 42422.00 138.97 / / 3045.95 83.38 / / 731.03 CK330+3 Hunc perma Subgrade 12.90 4500 3 1741.50 6.45 2250 1 145.13 3.87 900.00 1 34.83 20 ～ hun nent yard 14.03 4000 2 1122.40 7.02 2000 1 140.30 4.21 800.00 1 33.67 CK362+2 city area Tunnel 4.25 4500 3 573.75 2.13 2250 1 47.81 1.28 900.00 1 11.48 263 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Soil erosion area in the first year of Soil erosion area in the second year of Construction period Administrati natural restoration natural restoration OD Miles Project type ve division Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Erosion Construct Erosion Area Area Area Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount Modulus ion year amount 00 Bridge 11.13 3000 3 1001.70 5.57 1500 1 83.48 3.34 600.00 1 20.03 Road 4.27 4500 2 384.30 1.42 2250 1 32.03 0.85 900.00 1 7.69 diversion subtotal 46.58 / / 4823.65 22.58 / / 448.74 13.55 / 1 107.70 Land borrow 117.91 5500 4 25940.86 58.96 2750 1 1621.30 35.37 1100.00 1 389.11 area Spoil 59.89 5000 4 11978.20 29.95 2500 1 748.64 17.97 1000.00 1 179.67 tempo ground rary Pioneer 35.86 2500 4 3586.00 17.93 1250 1 224.13 10.76 500.00 1 53.79 land road Constructi on site and 9.07 2000 4 725.36 4.53 1000 1 45.34 2.72 400.00 1 10.88 camp subtotal 222.73 / / 42230.42 111.37 / / 2639.40 66.82 / / 633.46 Total 269.31 / / 47054.07 133.94 / / 3088.14 80.37 / / 741.15 Total 2216.83 317137.82 1099.41 23383.29 659.64 5611.99 264 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-6-4 Statistics of Poject Soil Erosion 1 Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil Erosion of dunring the in the first year in the second Project added soil the Original construction period of natural year of natural erosion(t) Landscape (t) (t) restoration (t) restoration (t) 38368.74 317137.82 23383.29 5611.99 307764.36 According to the above calculation, the quantity of soil erosion of the original landscape is soil Soil 3.84×104t， erosion in the construction period 1.71×104t， erosion area in the first year of natural restoration (t) 2.34×104t，Soil erosion area in the second year of natural restoration (t) 0.56×104t，Project added soil erosion(t) 30.78×104t. Table 5-6-5 Statistics of Poject Soil Erosion 2 Soil erosion area Soil erosion area Soil Erosion of Soil erosion area in Administrative dunring the in the second Project added the Original the first year of division construction year of natural soil erosion(t) Landscape (t) natural restoration (t) period (t) restoration (t) Changyi 259.14 3018.90 235.95 56.63 3052.34 district Fengman 102.42 1462.45 116.54 27.97 1504.54 Jilin City district of Jilin Longtan 2417.46 15428.50 1187.39 284.97 14483.40 Province district Jiaohe 8717.04 67823.60 4935.76 1184.58 65226.91 city Subtotal 11496.06 87733.45 6475.64 1554.15 84267.19 Dunhua 8414.94 56786.15 4605.95 1105.43 54082.59 city Antu 4650.12 47239.05 3402.51 816.60 46808.05 city Longjing Yanbian 865.98 8989.40 655.06 157.22 8935.70 city Korean Yanji Autonomous city 4032.36 26913.70 2110.04 506.41 25497.79 Region Tumen 4938.84 42422.00 3045.95 731.03 41260.14 city Hunchun 4158.78 47054.07 3088.14 741.15 46724.58 city subtotal 27061.02 229404.4 16907.65 4057.84 223308.9 Total 38368.74 317137.82 23383.29 5611.99 307764.36 5.6.3 Soil Erosion Prevention and Control Measures 1. Measure system of protection and control According to characteristics, extent of harm, prevention and control objectives and prevention and control division results of water and soil loss under the railway construction project, based on the principle of combination of management and protection, plant measures and engineering measures, management of water and soil loss and reconstruct and improve land productivity, a variety of water and soil conservation measures such as engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures are subject to overall layout (figure 5-6-1, figure 5-6-2), to form a complete water and soil loss prevention and control system. China Academy of Railway Science 265 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Chart 5-6-1 Plant Method Design Drawing 路堤典型绿化布置图 Typical green layout of road embankment 图例： Legend: 说明： Explanation: 1. 本图å?•ä½?以米计 1. Meter is used as unit in this drawing. 2. ç§?æ¤?方法：é? è¿‘é“?è·¯æ¤?二排ç?Œæœ¨ï¼Œç¬¬ä¸‰æŽ’ 2. Planting method: two rows of shrubs are planted near the railway, and arbor trees are æ¤?乔木；æ¤?乔木æ¯? 3 米一棵，ç?Œæœ¨æ¯? 1.0 米一 planted in the third row; a arbor is planted 棵。 every other 3 m, and a shrub every other 1.0 m. 3. 绿化带ç§?æ¤?结构采用乔ç?Œè?‰ç­‰å¤šå±‚çš„å¤?å?ˆ 3. Planting structure of green belt should adopt æ¤?被结构，并选用乡土树ç§?。 multi-layer composite vegetation structure consisting of arbor, shrub and grass, and native trees should also be selected. 乔木 Arbor ç?Œæœ¨ shrub 266 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Chart 5-6-2 Temporary Method Design Drawing 2. Existing water and soil conservation measures of the main project In the main project design, in line with local conditions, different forms of protective measures shall respectively be taken to protect the road embankment, slope of road cut, drainage of subgrade, bridge and culvert and tunnel, ensuring the safety of the main project as well as providing certain function of ecological protection at the same time. (1) Protective measures of subgrade 1) Slope protection of road embankment â‘  When road embankment slope height H<3m, the slope shall use C20 precast concrete hollow bricks as protection in which grass and amorpha should be planted and earthed up. â‘¡ When road embankment slope height H≥3m, the slopes on both sides under the surface layer of subgrade bed of road embankment shall be horizontally paved with two-way stretch geogrid with width not less than 3m (tensile strength not less than 25KN/m, layer spacing of 0.6 m), and shall adopt M7.5 cement mortar rubble arch type intercepting framework as protection. Within the framework grass seeds are scattered and shrubs are planted. The framework sizes all adopt 3×3m, of which arch framework thickness is 0.4m and the thickness of frame 0.6m. â‘¢ For flooded section, toe wall foundation mortar rubble slope protection shall be set, crest elevation of slope protection = design flood level + wave invasion height + hammed water height + 0.5 m. â‘£ For road embankment section with flat terrain, difficult vertical drainage conditions and foundation of soil layer in frozen heaving property, anti-frost berm shall be set on both sides of China Academy of Railway Science 267 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project slope, which width and height should be not less than the maximum seasonal frost depth of passing through areas. 2) High road embankment (when subgrade slope height is greater than 8m) â‘  Filling by both A and B groups should be adopted under surface layer of subgrade bed. Roller compaction which standard is consistent with the requirements of the bottom layer of subgrade bed should be strengthened. â‘¡ Slope of road embankment shall be protected at different levels below the elevation of road shoulder, and the level height of slope shall exceed 8.0m. The first-level slope ratio is 1:1.5, and the second-level 1:1.75, from the third-level the ratio maintains 1:2. Platform width of the slope is generally 2~3m, and the slope uses M7.5 mortar rubble arch-type intercepting framework within which grass seeds are sprayed and shrubs are planted as protection. Slope platform is closed by M7.5 mortar rubble, with rectangular intercepting ditch which bottom width is 0.4m, depth 0.4m and thickness 0.3m. â‘¢ Geogrid re-enforcement shall be laid at 3.0m~4.0m width of slope, with 0.6m space between them; the 1~2 levels in the middle and lower part of the slope full-face continuous re-enforcement are set up at intervals of 1.5m. Two-way tensile strength of geogrid is not less than 50KN/m. â‘£ Set 3~5m gravity walls or 6~10m sheet pile wall at slope toe of road embankment to reduce the height of slope as needed. 3) Subgrade of steep slope (when cross slope of basal surface of road embankment is greater than 1:25) Most unfavorable load is used in the check and calculation of sliding stability of weak layer along the base or at lower basement for subgrade of steep slope, with anti-slide stability coefficients of 1.25. When stability is not enough, strengthening stability measures may be adopted such as setting road embankment retaining wall. Gravity type road shoulder retaining wall should generally be not more than 8.0m, gravity type road embankment retaining wall not more than 6.0m, cantilever type retaining wall not more than 6.0m, and buttressed type retaining wall not more than 10.0m. Gravity retaining wall uses C25 concrete rubble masonry which embedded depth of foundation is not less than 1.25m, and its foundation soil within 0.25m depth range from the base to frost line should be replaced into a non-heaving soil for filling. 4) Slope protection of deep road cut and road cut â‘  Slope protection works should be set for road cut of weak rock, and of seriously weathered, fracture hard rock as well as of soil. The slope protection works should adopt sloping in combination with green slope protection as possible on the basis of insuring the stability of the slop in principle. â‘¡ Soil road cut When the slope height is not more than 3m, its surface should be protected by grass seed and shrubs planting by jetting; when the slope height is more than 3m, its surface should be protected by a 3×3m M7.5 stone arch-type framework which is bonded with cement mortar with a cut-off trench. Within the framework, the grass seed and shrubs should be planted by jetting. When the cut slope height is more than 6m, at the bottom short retaining wall of 3m shall be established. When the slope is relatively high, the central platform shall be set up with drainage 268 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project ditches in the middle. When the retaining wall is taller than 6m, protective measures such as anchor bolt spray should be adopted temporarily during the construction. The anchor bolt shall be staggered up and down or left and right by every 2.0m interval, made from φ16HRB335 level reinforcing bar. The anchor hole is 1.6m in depth into which M30 cement mortar is pouring. The slope surface shall be sprayed with M10 cement mortar with thickness of 0.04m, where galvanized wire mesh should be laid if necessary. â‘¢ Rock road cut a. When the slope is relatively high, it may use retaining wall to close; as for road cut slope of soil or soft rock, protective or reinforcement measures such as M7.5 mortar rubble intercepting framework slope protection, mortar rubble slope protection, revetment, dimensional ecological protective bags, spray protection by hanging net, frame anchor bolt, anchor rope shall be used according to the specific conditions; complete hard rock road cut slope should adopt smooth blasting (or pre-splitting blasting) in principle, and the slope surface shall not be protected. Retaining wall uses C25 rubble concrete masonry, which maximum height does not exceed 8m, and embedded depth of foundation is not less than 1.25m. When using full slope surface masonry protection, set planted tank where climbers are planted for greening at the slope toe. Within the framework slope protection, grass and shrub slope protection are used. If necessary, geocells are set to be earthed within framework. b. For the working spot of road cut with larger earth excavation and worse engineering geological conditions, according to the specific work site conditions, reinforcement measures such as prestressed anchor rope and sheet pile wall should be used. c. When the retaining wall set on the soft rock is taller than 8m, and on the section with more rock fragmentation, protective measures such as anchor bolt spray should be adopted temporarily during the construction. The anchor bolt shall be staggered up and down or left and right by every 2.0m interval, made from φ16HRB335 level reinforcing bar. The anchor hole is 1.6m in depth into which M30 cement mortar is pouring. The slope surface shall be sprayed with M10 cement mortar with thickness of 0.04m, where galvanized wire mesh should be laid if necessary. 5) Flooded subgrade â‘  Pond road embankment If water retains after the construction, road embankment crossing the pond shall usually be filled following pumping, dewatering and dredging by setting the cofferdam, and filled with permeable soil below the elevation of pond ridge where mortar rubble slope protection is also used. The slope is slowed down by one level, and stucco stone foundation is set at the slope toe and 2.0m wide platform is located at the pond ridge elevation spot. Soft soil section of pond subgrade after the pumping, dredging and dewatering of the cofferdam, shall be strengthened as per soft soil subgrade, and then be filled with permeable soil up to pond ridge height. Considering that the whole pond is abandoned, fist pumping, dewatering and dredging, then filling as per ordinary road embankment, and road embankment drainage system should be kept smooth. â‘¡ Road embankment of riverside and Binhe China Academy of Railway Science 269 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project a. Fortification elevation = fortification water level + height of waves invasion + height of hammed water + 0.5 m. A 2.0m wide platform shall be left on the protection elevation spot. Permeable soil may be filled below protection elevation. Slope ration has slowed down by one level comparing to that of ordinary road embankment. b. Protective measures: beach velocity Vp<1.8m/s, using 0.30m thick dry-laid rubble slope protection; beach velocity Vp ï¼? 1.8~3.0m/s, using 0.30m thick M7.5 mortar rubble slope protection; beach velocity Vp>3.0m/s, using C20 rubble concrete retaining wall protection. c. Subgrade on both sides of the bridge crossing the river uses M7.5 mortar rubble with 0.30m thick slope protection; consider 20m as the protection length. 6) Expansive soil (rock) road cut â‘  Slope of road cut is graded by every 6m. At bottom 6m, slope may be made in accordance with 1:1.5, and at upward 6~10m, with 1:1.75. 2m wide platform on which drainage ditch is set is located between the levels. The road cut which slope height is more than 10m should check and calculate the stability through arc method of which a safety factor value is 1.25. Slope type and ration should be designed according to the checking results. â‘¡ When the slope height is less than 3m, high hollow brick plant should be used as slope protection; when it is more than 3m, 3×3m M7.5 mortar rubble arch type intercepting framework plus hollow brick plants as protection of slope surface. When the slope height is taller than 6m, at the slope toe are set C25 rubble concrete toe wall with height of 3m and 2m wide platform on its top. The above slopes should be graded and protected again according to the aforementioned principles, if necessary, anti-slide retaining wall or anti-slide pile shall be set. â‘¢ Enhance the design of drawing and discharging water. For side ditch, gutter and intercepting ditch, reinforcement measures such as .scour prevention and anti-seepage should be taken. 7) Subgrade drainage Subgrade should be with a good and improve drainage system. The drainage equipment should be reasonably arranged, connecting and matching with drainage devices of bridges and culverts, tunnels and stations etc., with sufficient flow capacity to ensure the water flow. Drainage works should appropriately enhance the lateral drainage facilities of subgrade in combination with specific conditions, and timely implemented to prevent soft subgrade and collapse of slope surface resulting from the invasion of surface water and underground water during the construction period. â‘  Drainage ditch, intercepting ditch and gutters: on obvious section of lateral slope of ground, and drainage ditch and gutter are set on one side of subgrade. If there is no obvious lateral slope of ground, they should be set on both sides of the subgrade. Rectangular platform intercepting ditch should be set on slope of road cut. Drainage ditch and gutter generally take the trapezoidal form of which bottom width is 0.4m, depth 0.6m, slope ratio of 1:1, using puzzle M7.5 mortar rubble masonry block or precast concrete C15; drainage ditch usually takes the form of rectangle which bottom width is 0.4m, depth 0.4m. â‘¡ Side ditch: takes the form of rectangle which bottom width is 0.6m, depth 0.8m, using C25 reinforced concrete member as masonry, with thickness of 0.2m, with additional reinforced concrete cover on the top. When drainage discharge is large on local sites, side ditch should be 270 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project expanded based on discharge data. â‘¢ Blind ditch: on the earth excavation section with relatively developed groundwater, blind ditch are set to influx the groundwater within bottom layer of subgrade bed, and to lead them to outside the subgrade. (2) Protection of bridges and culverts works The amount of bridges and culverts along this line is very large, construction of bridges and culverts will arouse a certain impact on the ecological environment and water and soil conservation, so active measures has been taken in its design to reduce the impact of project construction. When crossing the river, the bridge arrangement should try not to reduce river channel, damage of the river bank caused by the construction should be restored and soiling of embankment should be carried out; When crossing the gully, long and big change of channel should be avoided. Natural runoff status should be maintained to ensure the smooth flow of flood discharge. Whenever possible, the pier should be streamlined to reduce the water blocking area of its body, to prevent from increased erosion, and reduce the impact on slope of upstream and downstream at bridge site so as not to result in water and soil loss; Full consideration should be given to flood discharging capacity of culvert diameter in the design so as to avoid contracting flow which may lead to water and soil loss by increased downstream since the culvert is a little smaller. For every trench for farmland irrigation and drainage, bridge and culvert should be set up to ensure a smooth irrigation and drainage system. The spoil generated by pit excavation shall be transported to dump on the special spoil yard site or low-cavity areas, and to make proper greening. Construction cofferdam shall be removed timely to ensure a smooth flow of water and waterways. (3) Tunnel works protection The principle “come in early and go out lateâ€? should be strictly observed in tunnel design and construction process. In the suitable conditions, oblique style portal should be adopted to minimize height of moving away rocks of tunnel entrance edge and heading slope, also to reduce the destruction of surface vegetation. In construction process, settings of construction access, camp and work site should try to maintain the natural landscape, even while occupying wasteland, less excavation and moving away rocks should also be followed to protect the vegetation. After the construction is completed, the destroyed areas of tunnel entrance edge, heading slope and vegetation should be restored. (4) Station protection Station protection project mainly includes drainage and green protection of station. Within the rail station, concrete retaining walls uses protective method of slope surface covering with climbing plants planted on the top; the gentler slope may use planting shrubs, with arbor trees planted at slope toe of road embankment; platform barrier may be covered with climbing plants or with high hedges; in the middle of platform barrier, arbor, shrub and greenways may be adopted. China Academy of Railway Science 271 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Flower border, arbor and shrubs may be arranged at the side of the station house; Wall is greened by planting climbing plants, and green fence is used to separate and guide the flow. The greening of area around office and production district should give priority to the requirements of health protection. It is suitable to plant deciduous trees in the southern slope, and to plant tall shade trees to the east-west and to plant mixedly evergreen and deciduous tree and shrubs to the north, and open space should be widely planted with lawn. At 1~2m in front of window, shrub and green pole are planted, where lawn are paved and dotted with flowers. At windows in the west, if conditions allow, green shade shall be set to prevent western exposure, with climbing plants such as leguminous plants and beer flower. The wall is fully greened, if conditions allow, turf plants as well as vegetables are planting on the roof. The whole wall is vertically greened. Under normal conditions, green belt accounts for more than 20% of the road, with turf and shrubs planted under the trees of sidewalk. Working quantity of water and soil conservation measures of main projects is shown in table 5-6-6. Table 5-6-6 Grass Seeds Speeding & Protecting Methods Working Quantity Summary of Original Water and Soil of Main Projects Investiment Items Expenditure (10k RMB Yuan) Slurry maison slate 32659 (included in Subgrade side slope greening protect 3982.7 the main project items) Side slope geotexile grill 3746.8 Arbor planting beyond 81133 ps 321 subgrade side slope Subgrade earth dumping pit arbor within protection 11117 ps 42.4 zone Water and soil Subgrade earth dumping maintaining pit shrub within 100000 ps 12.3 methods protection zone Shrub planting beyond 679067 ps 83.2 subgrade side slope Grass seeds speeding at subgrade earth dumping pit 2285741m2 418.1 Grass seeds speeding at tunnel openning Station greening 9 ps 101.7 3. Additional measures of environmental assessment In the main project design, there are not only protection design plan and adequate works quantities for slope of subgrade and bridge abutment cone, but also line and station with complete drainage facilities. After the implementation of protection works, water and soil loss within the 272 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project scope of works can be effectively controlled, and protection of subgrade slope and bridge abutment cone requirements can achieve the standard of soil and water conservation ecological protection. (1) Improve the protective measures design of the main project, and add soil and water conservation requirements during the construction period. In the main project design, prevention and management zone of subgrade, bridge and culvert, and tunnel works should take engineering measures to meet the requirements of water and soil conservation, without the need of taking new protective engineering measures during operation period. For construction period, temporary protective measures should be taken to prevent water and soil loss. (2) Solve the problem concerning temporary stacking of topsoil removed by the main project Since the farmland is highly concentrated along the project line, and permanent and temporary occupation are likely to take up a lot of farmland during the construction, it is necessary to strip, stack and store the topsoil from farmland within the occupying area and to make use of the topsoil as covering soil for temporary land reclamation and greening. In addition, as earth and stonework in the project is in great quantity, cut-fill transition is frequent in order to reduce borrow occupying area. It is necessary to consider temporary staking of dispensed earth. Combined with the construction sequence and construction site use, further implementation of the temporary stacking space and related temporary protective measures shall be conducted. (3) Complement and improvement of protection design of borrow (slag) area Location of borrow area should be unified planned according to borrow nature and quantity of different sections, integrated with elements such as subgrade drainage, topography, soil, construction methods, land conservation and environmental protection. Soil excavating and depositing site should be centralized to set. Under the prerequisite of meeting the requirements of filling, wasteland, poor land should be use as more as possible, with little or no occupation of farmland. When filling earth of road embankment is in large quantity and concentrate, far transportation and centralized borrow should be use. Centralized soil excavating and depositing site should take the necessary bracing, protection, greening measures to ensure slope stability and reduce water and soil loss. When occupying farmland for earth borrowing, practical rehabilitation measures should be taken. Before borrow, surface arable soil on the surface should be stripped, which should be leveled and restored after borrow. Waste slag of tunnel should be maximally used as concrete aggregate, filling of subgrade or station, etc.. For those which can not be used, select low-lying wasteland which is not easily washed by surface runoff such as rivers, canals, or low productive site for disposal. At the bottom of the waste slag yard, penetrated pipes are set, with waste slag retaining wall around the facilities. At the top of the waste slag and around the waste slag yard drainage ditch are set to prevent the loss of waste slag. If conditions allow, the top of waste slag deposited should be earthed to return into farmland or to restore vegetation by spreading grass seed. (4) Supplement and improvement of protection design of other temporary works Construction access, construction camps and site of the project is large in scale, according to requirements of water and soil loss control, do a good job of temporary drainage during the China Academy of Railway Science 273 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project construction, and take the appropriate recovery measures in terms of vegetation restoration and land reclamation. Environment assessment added maintaining method working quantity is shown in table 5-6-7. Table 5-6-7 Environment Assessment Added Maintaining Method Working Quantity Summary Type Zone Items Unit Quantity Expenditure (10k RMB Yuan） 1. project methods 242.86 Surface soil peeling ×104m3 289.13 242.86 3. temporary methods 615.84 Temporary sandbag protection for surface soil m3 1935.26 14.86 peeling Main work Temporary grass planting prevention protection for surface soil hm2 138.83 13.38 zone peeling soil drainage ditch m3 4127.97 3.60 Temporary sandbag and earth, rock works retaining m3 23600 184.00 allocation Temporary earth, rock works mesh covering hm2 229.73 400.00 allocation Earth(slag) 1. project methods 40.53 borrowing Slurry masoning stone and m3 1642.92 40.53 ditches dumping prevention 4. land treatment methods 152.92 zone Cultivation resuming hm2 160 152.92 2. plantation methods 7.8 Constrution 2 access Greening by grass planting hm 77.68 7.8 prevention 3. temporary methods 29.82 zone soil drainage ditch m3 48556.42 29.82 3. temporary methods 3.93 Other temporary soil drainage ditch m3 6268.57 3.93 work 4. land treatment methods 122.00 prevention Resuming the ground by zone hm2 62.85 / hardening 274 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Type Zone Items Unit Quantity Expenditure (10k RMB Yuan） Cultivation resuming hm2 127.61 122.00 5.7 Main ecological sensitive area along the line 5.7.1 General Ecological sensitive area along the project line (see figure 5-7-1) are: (1) Relic type: Mao’er Mt. Graveyard and Longtanshancheng; (2) Forest park type: Riguang Mt. Forest Garden; According to feasibility study stage, the alignment will traverse Riguang Mt. Forest Garden. During later design stage, the alignment was shifted to avoid passing it. (3) Natural preservation zone type: Songhuajiang 3-lake Natural Protection Zone and Mingmusongrong Protection Zone; (4) Aquatic germ plasm resources conservation area: Mijiang Salmon Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection ZONE China Academy of Railway Science 275 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Fig. 5-7-1 Ecological sensitive area along the project line For general overview of above-mentioned ecological sensitive area, see table 5-7-1. Table 5-7-1 Sensitive Zone along the Project Ecological Main Protection sensitive zone Geographic location and scope protected grade name objects Mao’er Mt. Located at Songhuajiang bank of east Han Dynasty State level Graveyard suburban of Jilin city, Yong’an village of cultural relic 276 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Jiangnan of Fengman district, Yuming village and Tiantai village of Longtan, with total area of 15km2. Including Nanshan graveyard zone, Mao’er Mt. graveyard group zone, West Mt. graveyard group zone, Pianbian Mt. graveyard group zone and Guandi relic, Nanchengzi relic zone. Centred with Mao’er Mt., to Longtan Mt. foot to the east, Mao’er Mt.and Nan Mt. and south slope of Pianlian Mt. to the south, boundried with Jiyao highway, and to Songhuajiang in the north. Locate on the Longtan Mt. of Jilin in the northeast, 7km to the downtown, 388.1m elevation, about 100m higher than ground surface.. having rolly hillock in the east and Gaojuli period Longtanshancheng south, Songhuajiang of south to north State level building relic current in the west, neighbored with Geyaya river and Mao’er graveyard in the southwest; facing Songhuajiang and Sandaolingzi Mt. city in the northwest Forest ecological Located in the southeast of Tumen city, resource, Riguang Mt. Forest 4.3km to the downtown, with elevation of Provincial ecology Garden 400m and protection area of 647 hectare. diversity and scenery resource Starting from A’shehadamo Cliff in the north to the Wusong couny of Baishan city Forest Songhuajiang in the south, 1.1447 hectare in total area, ecology and 3-lake Natural including 16 villages (towns) of Fengman Provincial water Protection Zone district, Jiaohe city and Huadian city, and resource 12 villages (towns) of Wusong county of Bai Mt. city and Jingyu county. In the north of Antu county, the Mingmu Pine antler basin of Changbaishan north footing, resource, red geograhic location: 128°37′30″-129°9′45″ pine forest Mingmusongrong at east longitude, 42°56′10″-43°26′ at the Provincial and wild Protection Zone north latitude, total area of 120k hectare, animal for the including Mingyue county, Stone Gate pine antler Village and south of Changxing village existance Mijiang Salmon Tumenjiang branch-Mijiang area, including Migration fish: State level Aquatic Germ Mijiang truck section of 56km and other salmon(Masu China Academy of Railway Science 277 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Plasm Resource relative branches. Protection area of 6610 salmon, Protection Zone hectarr, core zone of 2080 hectare and hunch back experimental area of 4530 hectare. salmon, salmo), cold water fine scale fish, beach head fish, Japanes lamprey, red spot salmon), migration passage, egg laying place and natural habit. 5.7.2 Relationship between ecological sensitive area and line position The project is passing through construction control areas of two cultural relics, Longtanshancheng and Mao’er Mt. Graveyard, on the length of 2.29km; it is passing through the peripheral zone (experimental zone) of Songhuajiang 3-lake Natural Protection Zone in three parts which are respectively 23.32km, 9.36km and 8.8km in length, a total of 38.5km; it is passing through Natural Protective Zone of Antu Mingyuesongrong on the length of 41.3km; it is passing through Riguang Mt. Forest Garden on the length of 2.25km; it is passing through Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone in length for the 770m, of which the core area of 570m, experimental area 200m. Project overview and lines type in the above mentioned ecologic sensitive area and their relationship with the ecological sensitive area are shown in table 5-7-2. Table 5-7-2 Line Type and Length Summary in Ecologic Sensitive Zone length unit: km Subgrade Bridge Tunnel Name of length length length Lengt Ecologic Chainage and and and h Sensitive Zone percenta percenta percenta ge (%) ge ge Longtanshan City and Mao’er DK2+680~DK3+350 0.67 1.62 2.29 / Cemetery relic DK4+580~DK6+200 (29.3%) (70.7%) controlling belt Surrounding DK24+800~DK48+12 12.57 8.61 19.32 area of 0 40.5 (31.0%) (21.3%) (47.7) Songhuajiang DK59+640~DK69+00 278 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 3-lake natural 0 protective zone DK73+000~DK81+80 0 Natural protective zone DK200+000~DK241+ 12.903 6.1 22.287 of 41.3 300 (31.2%) (14.8%) (54.0%) Mingyuesongro ng Riguang Mt. DK301+600~CK303+ 2.25 2.25 / / forest garden 850 (100%) Mijiang salmon state level DK337+280~DK338+ 0.77 aquatic germ 0.77 / / 050 (100%) plasm resource protection zone This section focuses on the environmental impact of the engineering construction on Songhuajiang 3-lake Natural Protective Zone, Natural Protective Zone of Songrong and Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone. For the effect of engineering construction on Mao’er Graveyard and Longtanshancheng relic, see section concerning the social and economic impact. 5.7.3 Impact analysis of project on Riguang Mountain Forest Garden 5.7.3.1 Overview of Riguang Mt. Forest garden Located in the southeast of Tumen city, 4.3km away from the downtown, Riguang Mt. Forest garden boasts steep mountains on its eastern side and flat on north-western, which main peak rises to a height of 390.7m. The mountain is covered with grotesque peaks and jagged rocks and luxuriant forests, which topsoil is yellow sand suitable for planting pine and cypress trees. The mountain was named Riguang Mt. in 1937 as it has a relatively longer sunshine. Huayan Temple as a residence for the monk “Suigetsu Masterâ€? who is famous both at home and abroad has been reserved on the mountain. Facing North Korea across the river, its scenery between the two countries is clearly visible when climbing Riguang Mt.. The park covering a protective area of 647hm2, with 70% forest cover has lush forest, peaceful valley and rich wildlife resources; its ecological environment is very beautiful. Every early spring, clusters of azalea flowers are fully blooming at the foot of hills and slopes, which are extremely bright to form a red sea across the mountains, at this time visitors may enjoy the scenery endowed by nature by car or hiking. At the top of Riguang Mt., there is panoramic view with beautiful scenery between China and North Korea at a single glance. The forest garden is ratified as a provincial-level forest park by Jilin Provincial Forestry Department in 1993. Located in the west side of the mountain, “Huayan Templeâ€? on Riguang Mt. was created by Suigetsu Monk in 1913, a master from North Korean, which is the biggest one with maximum number of followers among 15 temples in Tumen city. On the former site of “Huayan Templeâ€?, there is still cornerstone of the temple, the housing China Academy of Railway Science 279 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project tiles ant other materials at that time, as well as the spring water used by Suigetsu Master then. 5.7.3.2 Location relation between the project and Riguang Mt. Forest Garden The line passes through Riguang Mt. forest garden by Riguang Mt. tunnel in DK301+600~DK303+850, which length is 2.25km. The buried depth of the tunnel within the park is 22m~151m. There are no auxiliary construction tunnels such as inclined shaft, shafts and cross-hole set in the garden. The specific locations of line and Riguang Mt. forest garden are shown in figure 5-7-3: Figure 5-7-2 Location Relation between the Project and Riguang Mt. Forest Garden 5.7.3.3 Analysis on impact of project on Riguang Mt. Forest Garden The design plan is that 2.25km tunnel passes through Riguang Mt. Forest Garden, which entrance and exit are all located within the Forest Park. Environmental impact which may possibly be caused under tunnel construction is mainly shown in following aspects: damage resulting from building of construction access and construction sites, and spoil operation to ground vegetation of local area; excavation inside the tunnel may cause a certain amount of gushing water resulting in partial loss of groundwater. Meanwhile, engineering construction will cause a reduction in trees 280 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project quantities to some extent within the Forest Park, mainly consisting of a small portion of shrubs and arbors at the tunnel entrances. But the loss only accounts for a small portion of original large amount of forest, furthermore, methodical forest rehabilitation measures are adopted after construction, therefore, forest vegetation in Forest Park will not be affected significantly. In order to reduce the impact on the Forest Park, the following measures are recommended: Soil excavating and depositing operation in the park is strictly prohibited. Waste slag of tunnel should be considered as filling earth for construction of surrounding villages and towns. Valley and low-lying area without affecting the surrounding landscape should be selected for waste slag yard which top should be beautified by planting trees. Entrance and exit of tunnel portal should use environment-friendly portal, and select tree and grass species which are consistent with surrounding vegetation around portal so as to contribute to maintain regional vegetation coordination. To avoid influence on the view of the park, tunnel construction should not set inclined tunnel and cross hole, but should adopt single-port tunneling at entrance and exit. During the construction process, the required boundary and scope of construction should be strictly observed, and shielding measures should be set. Construction personnel and vehicles moving carelessly outside the boundary are prohibited. After completion of construction, the site should be thoroughly cleaned up and leveled, with vegetation restoration. It is suggested that design units should carefully investigate hydrogeological structure of the location where the tunnel passes through in the next stage of design, to avoid the occurrence of surface-water and groundwater loss, as well as of destruction of mountain vegetation due to the tunnel running through. Monitoring gushing water and surface water inside the tunnel should be strengthened under the construction. For tunnel gushing water, effective measures for water plugging should be taken to reduce the influence of leakage on the upper surface vegetation of tunnel in the excavation process. According to the above analysis, the route that tunnel passes through the Riguang Mt. Forest Garden will not arouse a significant impact on the environment of Forest Park after taking effective mitigation measures. 5.7.4 Analysis on impact of engineering construction on Mijiang Salmon Protection Zone To have in-depth understanding of the engineering construction's impact on the major ecological sensitive areas along the line, and provide the scientific decision-making basis to the competent authorities, and in consideration of this project's certain impact on the Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve, the owner commissioned Fishery Science Academy of Jilin Province to prepare “Environmental Impact Report for Construction of the Super Large Bridge over Mi Jiang River for Jilin-Hunchun High Speed Railway on the Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserveâ€? and report to Department of Agriculture for approval. The following section is written on basis of the above special evaluation report. China Academy of Railway Science 281 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 1. Overview Mi Jiang River chum salmon state-level aquatic product Germplasm resources reserve is established by approval of the General Office of Ministry of Agriculture with reference to “Notice on Promulgation of Ranges and Functional Zoning of Forty State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserves for Yellow River Sheatfish at Yellow River's Erdos Sections, etc. （Nong Ting Ban ã€?2008】No. 47）â€?. This germplasm resources reserve's total area is 6,610 Hectares with core area of 2，080 hectares and experimental area of 4，530 hectares. The main protected fishes are migration fishes like chum salmon （cherry salmon, humpbacked salmon, chum salmon ）, as well as the state key protected cold-water fishes like brachymytax lenok pallas，lecus brandti(dybowski),lamprey-eel， etc. salvelinus malma， The fish migration corridors, spawning places and nature habitats are also reserved. The reserve is located in the Mi Jiang River reach, the primary branch of Tu Men River, on the northeastern side of Mt. Changbai, with the geographical coordinates as N.L. 42ã‚œ59′to 43ã‚œ 16′20″, E.L. 130ã‚œ07′40″to 130ã‚œ28′40″, including Mi Jiang River's main stream , total 56 kilometres long, as well as Mi Jiang River's relevant branches. See Table 5-7-3 for details. The reserve's southernmost end starts from Mi Jiang River's mouth, running through Mi Jiang Village, Jia Fang Village, Xia Wa Zi Village, Zhong Gang Zi Village, San An Village, Qing Shui Dong Bridge, Da Huang Gou Village, with the river branches coming in one after another. See “Geographic Location of Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserveâ€? for detailed information about location of the reserve. Table 5-7-3 Statistics of reserve range of Mi Jiang River chum salmon Length No. Name Geographical coordinates （km） Mi Jiang River's 1 56 main stream Mi Jiang River's 2 branch Yang Mu Qiao N.L.43ã‚œ15′37 ″， E.L.130ã‚œ21′30″；N.L.43ã‚œ 2.1 4 Zi Gou 14′7 ″，E.L. 130ã‚œ22′21″ N.L.43ã‚œ14′48 ″，E.L. 130ã‚œ19′49″；N.L.43ã‚œ 2.2 Zhou Pi Gou 8.2 12′19 ″，E.L. 130ã‚œ21′58″ N.L.42ã‚œ13′20 ″，E.L. 130ã‚œ27′39″；N.L.43ã‚œ 2.3 Bei Gou River 13.9 8′，E.L. 130ã‚œ23′38″ Bei Dong Gou N.L.43ã‚œ12′48 ″，E.L. 130ã‚œ27′58″；N.L.43ã‚œ 2.4 14.5 River 6′30″，E.L. 130ã‚œ25′21″ Dong Gou 2.5 22 N.L.43ã‚œ12′13 ″，E.L. 130ã‚œ29′47″；N.L.43ã‚œ River 282 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 8′，E.L. 130ã‚œ23′38″ Da Bin Lang N.L.43ã‚œ12′18 ″，E.L. 130ã‚œ13′46″；N.L.43ã‚œ 2.6 18 Gou 10′27″，E.L. 130ã‚œ22′18″ This reserve is divided into two core areas and one experimental area. The first core area is located downstream of Mi Jiang River, on the river reach between Mi Jiang River's Mouth and Da Huang Gou Village, with the river course's historical maximum flood level as border, the river reach thereof 35 kilometre long, the area of 1620 hectares, taking 24.5% of the reserve's total area, where the typical reserved aquatic wildlife are chum salmon, Lampetra japonica and Lecus Brandti(Dybowski). Here the main reserved items are the spawning sites and migration pathways of the above migration fishes. The second core area is located upstream of Mi Jiang River, on the river reach from Da Huang Gou to Xi Bei Gou's valley mouth as well as the river branches-- Xi Bei River and Yang Mu Qiao Zi Gou River, with the rivers' historical maximum flood level as border for all the above rivers, the river reach's total length 39.5 kilometers, the area of 460 hectares, taking 7% of the reserve's total area, where the typical reserved aquatic wildlife are brachymytax lenok pallas and Salvelinus malma, and the main reserved items here are the spawning sites, nursery areas and wintering areas for the above fishes. The experimental area is built on the outskirts of the core area, downstream of Mi Jiang River and from Mi Jiang River's opening to Da Huang Gou Village, with village highway and mountain foot as border; 100 meters extended from the core area as border for upstream of Mi Jiang River, total area of 4530 hectares, taking 68.5% of the reserve's total area. Directory of Fish Stocks of National Germplasm Conservation Zone of Mijianghe River Salmon RETROMYZONIFORME A. Retromyzonidae Lampetra japonica (Martens) SALMONIFORMES B. Saimonidae 2 Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort) 3 Massu-type cannabis landlocked Kazakhstan 4 Oncorhynchus Keta(Walbaum) 5 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha(Walbaum) 6 Salvelinus malma(Walbaum) 7 Brachymystax lenok(Pallas) C. Osmeredae 8 Osmerus dentes(Steindachner) 9 Hypomesus olrdus (Pallas) CYPRINIFORMES D. Cyprinidae 10 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 11 Carassius carpio (Linnaeus) 12 Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky) 13 Rhodeus sericeus(Pallas) 14 Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky) 15 Mesogobio tumenensis Chang,sp.nov 16 Gobio Macrocephalus (Mori) China Academy of Railway Science 283 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 17 Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schiegei) 18 Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus) 19 Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas) 20 Phoxinus percnurus (pallas) 21 Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage et Dabry) 22 Leuciscus Waleckii (Dybowski) 23 Leuciscus brandti (Dybowski) 24 Leuciscus hakonensis (Gunther) E. Cobitidae 25 cobitis taenia (Linnaeus) 26 Oreonectes costata (Kessler) 27 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor) 28 Nemacheilus toni (Dybowski) GADIFOMES F. Gadidse 29 Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius) GASTEROSTEIFORMES G. Gasterosteidae 30 Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus) 31 Pungitus sinensis (Guichenot) MUGILIFORMES H. Mugil cepalus Linnseus 32 Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus) 33 Liza haematocheila (Temminch et schlegel) PERCIFORMES I. Eleotridae 34 Perccottus glehni (Dybowsk) J. Gobiidae 35 tenogobivs brunneus (temmick et Schlegel) 36 Chaenogobius annulars (Gill) 37 Chaenogobius iaevis (Steindachner) SCORPAENIFORMES K. Cottidae 38 Cottus poecilopus Heckel 284 China Academy of Railway Science ÃÜ Impact Report for Newly²ú ÖÖ ×ÊÔ´±£»¤ÇøÇøRail Environment½-ºÓ´ó Âé¹þ Óã¹ú ¼Ò Ë® Built Jilin—Hunchun λ Ã?¼Line Project ¼¶ Geographic location of Mi Jiang River ÖÊChum Salmon State-Level Aquatic 1 3 0 ¡ ã 0 0 ' Germplasm Resources Reserve 1 3 0 ¡ ã 1 0 ' 1 3 0 ¡ ã 2 0 ' 1 3 0 ¡ ã 3 0 ' 4 3 ¡ ã 2 0 ' 4 3 ¡ ã 2 0 ' Ã?ô ÇåÃ?Ø çõ´º ºÓ ÇåºÓ ´ó Ã? ô 4 3 ¡ ã 1 0 ' 4 3 ¡ ã 1 0 ' Ãܽ- -ºÓ ½ ÃÜ çõ´º ÊÃ? Ã?¼ 4 3 ¡ ã 0 0 ' Ãǽ 4 3 ¡ ã 0 0 ' - Ã?¼Àý N W E S Ã?Ã? ÖÃ? Ã?ؼ¶ Õþ Ã?Ä ¼ª Ã?Ö Y Ã?ؽç ºÓÃ?÷ Y # ºË Ã?ÄÇø ʵÑéÇø ³¯ Ã?Ê 1 3 0 ¡ ã 1 0 ' 1 3 0 ¡ ã 2 0 ' 1 3 0 ¡ ã 3 0 ' ±ÈÀý³ß Scale 1: 250000 Figure 5-7-3 Geographic location of Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve(FS phrase) China Academy of Railway Science 285 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 5-7-4 Planning map of Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve 2. Analysis of reasons for impossibility of the engineering to move around the reserve This project is located at the junction of China, Russia and North Korea, the core area of northeastern Asia. To better make use of the advantages in this region, the State Council indorsed the “China Tu Men River Regional Cooperation & Development Planning Outlines -- Listing Chang Chun, Ji Lin and Tu Men as Leading Areas for Development and Openingâ€?. This project is significant to improving the investment environment in the above Chang Chun-Ji Lin-Tu Men leading opening region to Russia and North Korea. It can also improve the corridor's transportation system's efficiency and transportation service level and complete the port functions to Russia and North Korea. The main administrative regions where the project will serve are the cities in the Chang Chu-Ji Lin-Tu Men Jiang Leading Region like Jin Lin, Jiao He, Dun Hua, An Tu, Yan Ji, Tu Men and Hun Chun, and the major economic cities which can affect the line's orientation are Ji Lin, Yan Ji, Tu Men and Hun Chun. The economic cities affecting the line's 286 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project orientation in the neighborhood of Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve are Tu Men and Hun Chun, therefore the line's orientation generally runs from west to east along the Tu Men River. According to “Geographic Location of Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserveâ€?，the reserve is distributed along the Mi Jiang River's reach, and the Mi Jiang River's main stretch is totally 56 kilometers long, running in south-north direction. If the Ji-Tu-Hun special passenger line runs around the Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve, the line will turn back to the northwest into Wang Qing County after leaving Tu Men Station to move around the above reserve, and then turn back to the southeast, cross over Hun Chun River to the terminal of this project -- Hun Chun North Station. In this way, it will form a large folding angle with the length of line about 110km, two times the recommended option (56km long), meanwhile the elevation is higher in Wang Qing County, in which the mean sea level of Mt. Mo Pan up to more than 800 meters, and the line plain profile's conditions can't meet the specifications for the passenger line, therefore the project line can't move around the Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve. 3. Relationship between engineering and reserve’s location According to the FS design documentation, the run-through scheme for the line section in the neighborhood of Mi Jiang River is located on the northern side of the express highway, running basically in parallel with Chang-Ji-Tu express highway. Based on the scheme, it will cross over Mi Jiang River in DK337+280～DK338+050 section, going through special fish protection zone by 770m, where the super large bridge is built (central mileage DK337+662). Limited by river course and engineering economic conditions, this super large bridge adopts 27-span simply-supported beam with hole size 32 meters crossing over river course and low-lying places. The bridge need to set 1-2 in-water posts. See Figure 5-7-5 for the relative location of the line and the reserve. China Academy of Railway Science 287 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 5-7-5 Relative location between the project line and Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Rreserve 288 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 4. Brief introduction of engineering in the reserve This project line crosses over the core areas and experimental areas of Mi Jiang River chum salmon state-level aquatic product Germplasm resources reserve via Ming Jiang Super Large Bridge in section of DK337+280～DK338+050, 570m long; crossing over the experimental area in DK337 +280～DK337+400 and DK337+970～DK338+050，with the length of line 200m in the experimental area. According to Figure 5-1-4, all the line's forms in the above section are bridge, and all the bridges have the standard beam with span of 32m. According to spot survey, the spread of flow is 28m at the bridge location in low-water season of Mi Jiang River, where the line nearly directly crosses the Mi Jiang River's river course. The lines' width on the water surface is about 30m in low-water season'（spread of flow in high water period up to more than 100 meters, . 3-4 posts in water） Limited by positions of the highways' bridge piers on the west bank where the Min Jiang Super Large Bridge crosses over the river course, and with reference to the beam span of the downstream under-construction motorway bridge and existing railroad bridge's span, one in-water post is to be set up in Min Jiang's main channel in the main body design at this FS research phrase, and the in-water post is located in the middle by east in the river course(see Figure 5-1-5 ).From the Figure 5-1-4, on the east and west banks of Mi Jiang River's river course are hills and mountainous region, with two tunnels connecting with the Mi Jiang Super Large Bridge, and on the east bank is No. 3 Tunnel at Mi Jiang Xiang, 681m long. On the west bank is Ming Jiang Xiang's No.2 Tunnel, 1889m long, and entrance to Ming Jiang Xiang No. 3 Tunnel and exit to Ming Jiang Xiang No.2 Tunnel near to Mi Jiang River's river course（horizontal projection distance 400m, elevation difference above 15m）.Neither station engineering nor borrow pit, excavation waste dump, etc. are set up for this project in this reserve. The project's bridge is located near to the frontier with a number of military footholds distributed on the way. Location of the bridge crossing over Mi Jiang River is limited both upstream and downstream by military targets. The project's line location is required to set outside the safe range of the military targets, therefore there is very few options for the bridge's location. Now the bridge's location is chosen at the most narrow part of Mi Jiang River, i.e. ：the project crosses over the range of the reserve by the minimum distance. The assessor and the designer communicated and coordinated for the future works in preparing the report: with the relevant requirements by the reserve, on one hand, adjust positions of the bridge piers on side banks for the bridge crossing over Mi Jiang River's main channel and set the bridge piers on the bank not on the main channelï¼›on the other hand, add bridge span crossing over the main channel as appropriate, not setting piers in water to ensure construction in the low-water season doesn't go in water. Meanwhile, on both sides of the bridge are tunnels mainly on the medium and low mountains where the engineering is confirmed in limited space, and the minimum construction range between tunnel mountain body and main channel is only over 100 meters in width while the long span bridge's beam needs to be cast on site with the China Academy of Railway Science 289 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project supporting modes occupying a large area in construction, which needs a open and spacious area to meet the construction requirements. 32m standard beam can be pre-cast on site, which is initially located in CK335+705, near to San An River's Super Large Bridge. The pracast beam will be transported by truck to job site for installation. If 32m standard beam is used, the construction's impact on the reserve would be reduced to the minimum level but the bridge span is samll, occupying water surface area in high water period and giving more negative impact on spawning site than the long span bridge, but bridge pier takes very little proportion of the spawning site's area, and such a negative impact can be equally compensated by choosing new appropriate area in neighborhood for the occupied or damaged spawning site' area. Under the existing site conditions, the designer's recommended max. span is 48m, and compared with 32m standard beam, span is increased less and on site cast is needed, and the working area in construction period is big, and the working time long. Except occupying or destroying a certain area of spawning site(this impact substantially the same as 32m standard beam), it may impact the migration of the relevant fishes, affecting the reserve much more. Table 5-7-4 （1）shows the comparative analysis of construction forms, range of impact, working specifications, etc. of 32m standard beam, 48m span and above 64m large-span beam. As shown in Table 5-7-4（1）, although above 64m large-span beam hasn't in-water pier, its temporary facilities occupy the biggest area in the reserve, giving relatively big impact on the reserve; and the 32m standard beam would occupy less area of the reserve if its bridge piers are re-arranged (no in-water pier set for low-water season), and its in-water pier number same as 48m beam in normal season, occupying the same area of the spawning site. Based on the comprehensive consideration, at the final survey phrase, the designer will adjust the positions of the bridge piers crossing over the river course at the FS phrase, and adjust the bridge piers in river course to the main channel's side banks, and not bridge piers are to be set in water in the main channel, and no in water jobs in construction period. Under this pre-condition, the engineering construction's impact on Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Germplasm Resources Reserve can be reduced to the minimum level. 290 China Academy of Railway Science 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Table 5-7-4 （1）:Summary on comparative analysis of various spans across Mi Jiang River's main channel Number of Occupying area of Requirements on in-water pier Floor area of Beam body's construction bridge pier in Total occupied range of in low-water temporary No. Category method and means of Type of temporary facilities river course in area in river construction season facilities transportation normal season course （m2） operation /normal 2 （m2） （m ） season Pracast in casting yard at Pier base's excavation site, Usually open within 32m standard DK335+700 San An Jiang construction camp , concrete 1 range of 100m in 0/2 280 400 680 beam Super Large Bridge and mixture station , temporary line's direction transport and lift by truck stock yard, etc. Beam body on site casting ground and relevant brackets Usually open within besides pier base's excavation 2 48m beam On site cast range of 100m in 0/2 280 450 730 site, construction camp , line's direction concrete mixture station , and temporary stock yard. Beam body on site casting ground and relevant brackets Usually open and Above 64m besides pier base's excavation spacious within 3 On site cast 0/0 0 840 840 large-span beam site, construction camp , range of 200m in concrete mixture station , and line's direction temporary stock yard. China Academy of Railway Science 291 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Distribution of Engineering in the neighborhood of Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Germplasm Resources Reserve 图 5-1-4 密江河大麻哈鱼国家级水产ç§?质资æº?ä¿?护区内工程分布图 292 China Academy of Railway Science 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Positions of In-water piers Figure 5-7-6 Location of bridge piers in water in the Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve(FS phrase) China Academy of Railway Science 293 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 5. Environmental impact analysis of engineering construction (1) Ecological status in the reserve 1) Natural ecological environment in the reserve Mi Jiang River is the primary river branch to Tu Men River，total 56km long, collecting more than 20 rivers and brooks with plenty of water flow. The annual normal flow is 9.05 cubic meters per second and the river's water quality is lucid. This region is forest at an elevation of 58～1435 meters in ecological environment. The river-bed is the rubble stone shoal formed over the years. It is the only river where the pristine river-bed natural form is maintained downstream of Tu Men River, both the migration pathway and natural spawning place for migration fishes. Owing to big elevation spanning for Mi Jiang River's reach, at the upstream part at high elevation, the water temperature is low and here is the important habitat and spawning site for the cold-water fishes. To learn about the environmental quality status in the reserve, the Fishery science academy of Jilin Province monitored the reserve twice in May and August in 2008-2009, mainly in the seasons of fish reproduction and growth with the annual monitoring frequency of two times. A monitoring point is set up about 8 kilometers upstream of the river mouth in the first core area, E.L.130°07´40´´，N.L.43°16´20´´.Monitoring items include: water quality category (PH，DO，CODMn，total phosphorus, non-ionic ammonia, oils, volatile phenol, heavy metals) and biologic category（chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, qualitative and quantity test of zooplankton, etc. ）.Main monitoring results as follows： ï?¬ Water Quality CODMn：Mean annual monitoring value 2.82mg/Lï¼›Total phosphorus：Mean annual monitoring value 0.03mg/L.See Table for details. ï?¬ Biology Phytoplankton：Six kinds of phytoplankton was tested out by microscope, belonging to chrysophytax. Annual biological mass is 630,000 pieces/1.11mg/L on the average. In which， average biological mass is 770,000 pieces/1.36mg/L in May, and the dominant species is Nitzschia sp.ï¼›and the average biological mass is 480,000 pieces/0.864mg/L in August, and the dominant specie is Navicula sp. Chlorophyll a：Chlorophyll a's annual average is 0.8746mg/m3. In which，the average value is 0.1752mg/m3 in May; and 1.574mg/m3 in August. Zooplankton：In 2008, the zooplankton biological mass 20/0.4-80/0.92(pieces/mg/L)，dominant specie--Bosmina sp.，average 50/0.66(pieces/mg/L)，and not tested out in 2009. Biological mass and list of the biological mass for phytoplankton and zooplankton 294 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project are shown below. Table 5-7-5 Genet and list of the phytoplankton in the Mi Jiang River's Reserve Name May August Nitzschia sp. + + Synedra sp. + + Cymbella sp. + + Gomphonema sp. + Navicula sp. + CycLoteLLa sp. + Melosira + Table 5-7-6 Genet and list of the zooplankton in the Mi Jiang River's Reserve Name May August Bosmina sp. Bosmina sp. Bosmina sp. Table 5-7-7 Monitoring results of the plonkton in Mi Jiang River's Reserve for 2008-2009 Monitoring items Phytoplankton(100,000 Zooplankton(pieces/mg/ Monitorin Monitorin Chlorophy pieces/mg/L) L) g point g time ll a Biologica Dominant Biologic Dominant (mg/m3) l mass species al mass species 2008.05 77/1.25 Melosira 20/0.4 Bosmina sp. 0.8776 Mi jiang 2008.08 24/0.384 Nitzschia sp． 80/0.92 Bosmina sp. 1.2832 River Average 51/0.817 50/0.66 1.0804 2009.05 77/1.36 Nitzschia sp. —— —— 0.1752 Mi Jiang 2009.08 48/0.864 Navicula sp. —— —— 1.574 River Average 63/1.11 0.8746 Table 5-7-8 Water quality monitoring results in Mi Jiang River's reserve for 2008-2009 Monitoring 2008 2009 No. item May August Average May August Average PH 7.21 7.14 7.18 7.39 7.01 7.20 2 DO 8 8.8 8.4 9.72 8.32 9.025 3 COD 4 4 4 2.48 3.15 2.82 4 Non-ionic 0 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.0001 0.0005 China Academy of Railway Science 295 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Monitoring 2008 2009 No. item May August Average May August Average ammonia Total 5 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.03 phosphorus 6 Oils 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.01 0.01 0.01 Volatile 7 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 phenol 8 Cu 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 9 Pb 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 10 Zn 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 11 Cr 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.019 0.006 0.0125 12 Cd 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 13 As 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 0.0006 0.0023 0.0015 14 Hg 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 Note: according to fill-out requirements of Fishery environment Center, Department of Agriculture, not tested items, as per half of the minimum testing limit when filling out. 2) Status of anadromous fishes in reserve The main protected fishes in this reserve include migration fishes like oriental salmon （cherry salmon, humpbacked salmon , chum salmon）and cold-water fishes like brachymytax lenok pallas, Lecus Brandti(Dybowski), lamprey-eel, Salvelinus malma, etc., in which, brachymytax lenok pallas is the state Category protected animal, and cherry salmon, humpbacked salmon , Salvelinus malma and Lampetra japonica are listed as the first group in the Jilin Province's government's “List of Aquatic Wildlife Under Jilin Provincial Key Protectionâ€?（Ji Zheng Fa ã€?2006】No. 5）.Distribution and life habits of fish resources in the reserve are shown in Table 5-7-5. Since its establishment, Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve has been continuously carrying out the Multiplication and Discharge of living aquatic resources like oriental salmon, Lecus Brandti(Dybowski), brachymytax lenok pallas, etc. , totally discharging 185,710,000 tails of various young fishes from 2007 to 2009, in which multiplication and protection of the oriental salmon has already gotten good results initially. According to fishery statistics, by the end of the 1990s, the oriental salmon has nearly been extinct in Mi Jiang River, with the statistical record of annual harvesting only 20-30 tails. Through multiplication and discharge in recent years, the oriental salmon parent fish caught in 2007 was 60-odd tails, and 100-odd parent fish caught in 2008, and up to more than 800 tails of parent fishes caught in 2009ï¼›Number of anadromous oriental salmon goes up sharply each year. In the Jilin Province's conservation action plan for living aquatic 296 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project resources for 2010, more than 400,000 tails of oriental salmon young fishes will be discharged, which plays an active role in restoration and improving of the fishing stock size in the Tu Men River's reach. ï?¬ Distribution of spawning grounds According to “Environmental Impact Report for Construction of the Super Large Bridge over Mi Jiang River for Jilin-Hunchun High Speed Railway on the Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserveâ€? prepared by Fishery Science Academy of Jilin Province, the position where Ming Jiang Super Large Bridge crosses over the reserve is in the first core area of the reserve which is the migration pathway for oriental salmon, Lecus Brandti(Dybowski), etc., meanwhile is also an important spawning ground for Lecus Brandti(Dybowski) but away from the spawning sites for oriental salmon, brachymytax lenok pallas, Salvelinus malma, and the spawning sites for oriental salmon, brachymytax lenok pallas and Salvelinus malma is located outside 20km upstream of this project. See Table 5-7-9 for distribution of relevant spawning grounds in the reserve. Table 5-7-9 Distribution of spawning grounds for fishes in Mi Jiang River's Reserve Name Spawning ground Lecus Mi Jiang River'mouth-8 kilometre's river stretch, in which, brandti(dybowski) river ,mouth-5 kilometre as crowd area Mi Jiang River'mouth-8 kilometre's river stretch, in which, Lamprey-eel river ,mouth-5 kilometre as crowd area Three kinds of Mi Jiang River'mouth upstream 7-35 kilometre's river stretch, in which, oriental salmon river ,15-35 kilometre as crowd area Mi Jiang River's upper reaches，river stretch from Da Huang Gou to Brachymytax canal mouth of Xi Bei Gou Canal , Bei Gou River of river branch of Mi lenok pallas Jiang River, Yang Mu Qiao Zi Gou River, Tian Shan Gou River, the river Salvelinus malma stretch's total length 39.5 kilometres. ï?¬ Regular pattern of the protected fish migration Three kinds of oriental salmon Cherry salmon 3-4 years mature，body weight 2.5-4.0 kilograms. In March and April each year, the pre-mature Cherry salmons gather in groups at Tu Men River’s mouth, and in April and June, they flood into Tu Men River and continue feeding in Tu Men River's trunk stream, and when the flooding discharge downwards in August and September, the mature individual goes against the stream into Mi Jiang River, and in the early September, it begin spawning and reaches the peak time in the middle of September. The age composition of humpbacked salmon going against the stream is 3-5 years, in which, 3-year humpbacked salmon takes 80% with mature body weight 1.4-2.9 China Academy of Railway Science 297 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project kilograms. They turn up in the lower reach of Hun Chun River, Tu Men River's river branch in June and July each year, and the laying-season from the last ten-day of August to the middle of September. Oriental salmon matures in four years, and has the biggest size among all the oriental salmons. The mature individual weighs 3.5-6.0 kilograms. In the last ten days of September, a large number of oriental salmons begin going against the stream into Mi Jiang River for spawning, which reaches the peak time in the beginning of October. The laying-season for three kinds of laying-season begins in last ten days of August and continues to the middle of October. After spawning, all the oriental salmon parent fishes die. The juvenile fishes float along stream down to the sea after hatching fresh water. According to history, the oriental salmon's spawning grounds are distributed at 8-35 kilometers upstream of the Mi Jiang River's mouth, and the river stretch here has lucid water and rubble stone and sand bottom with the average water depth about 0.5 meter, the average flow rate about 0.7 m/sec., PH value 6.8-7.5, and dissolved oxygen 8-10 milligrams per liter. Lamprey-eel Lamprey-eel is only distributed in Tu Men River's water system in China. It belong to migration fish. its adult lives in the sea. From the last ten days of April to June each year, it goes back to Tu Men River's trunk stream and branches from the Sea of Japan for spawning, and all the parent fishes die after spawning. Its major spawning grounds are at Mi Jiang River's mouth and 8 kilometers upstream of the mouth. The young fishes go to the sea after staying in river for 3-4 years and live in the sea for 2-3 years. â—‹Lecus brandti(dybowski) 3 Lecus Brandti(Dybowski) is distributed in a very narrow area in China, only being observed in Tu Men River and Sui Fen River. It belongs to the migration fishes at river mouth. Generally, the adult fish weighs 0.5-0.85 kilograms. In May and June each year, The parent fishes go back to Mi Jiang River from Sea of Japan for spawning, and the major spawning grounds are Mi Jiang River's mouth and 7 kilometers upstream of the mouth. The young fishes temporarily stay in Tu Men River after being hatched and go into the sea with stream, and become mature at Tu Men River's mouth and in the sea. 298 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-7-10 Summary on regular patterns of fish migration and reproduction time in Mi Jiang River's Reserve Migration time(month) Species 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 O.masou …… O.gorbuscha …… Chum salmon …… Lecus brandti(dybowski) Lamprey-eel …… Intermitent Conspicuous Spawning time China Academy of Railway Science 299 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-7-11 Summary on distribution and life habits of the fish resources in the reserve No. Name Distribution Life cycle Picture Belong to migration fishes. Each srping,young fish just hatched out in fresh water go downstream into the sea from Mi Jiang River and become mature in the sea for 3-5 years, and in spawning seasons of August and September, the The first core area of mature oriental salmon upstream migrates to Mi Jiang 1 Oriental salmon reserve（Mi Jiang River from Sea of Japan for spawning. All the parent fishes River's lower reaches） die after spawning and young fishes go down to the sea after being hatched in fresh water. According to its habit, September and Octomber are generally the oriental salmon's harvesting season each year. In each June, the mature Lecus Brandti(Dybowski) goes up The first core area of Lecus to Mi Jiang River from Sea of Japan for spawning, and 2 reserve（Mi Jiang brandti(dybowski) young fish being hatched in river and goes with stream into River's lower reaches） the sea and become mature in the sea. 300 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project No. Name Distribution Life cycle Picture Each May, the mature Lampetra japonica goes upstream to Tu Men River's trunk stream and branches from Sea of The first core area of Japan for spawning. All the parent fishes die after 3 Lamprey-eel reserve（Mi Jiang spawning. The young fishes go down to the sea after River's lower reaches） staying in river for 3-4 years and become mature after living in the sea for two years. Live through the winter deep in the river or big river. In the spring, upstream migrate for spawning. Its foods include tiny fish, frog, tadpole , aquatic insects, and aquatic invertebrate. Sexual maturation period is usually five years. The laying-season is in the middle of April or May The second core area of with the water temperature above 5 . The spawn is laid on Brachymytax 4 reserve（Mi Jiang the grit bottom with clear water quality and slow water lenok pallas River's upper reaches） flowing. When the water temperature is 5～10 , it hatches in 15～20 days. It likes laying low, staying in darkness, and inactive. After 15 days, it swims to shore for preying. Brachymytax lenok pallas is the natural enemy to other fished, especially causing extreme hazard to oriental （ salmon's reproduction like to eat oriental salmon's cytula）. China Academy of Railway Science 301 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project No. Name Distribution Life cycle Picture In China, it is landlocked form Salvelinus malma and lives in clear and cold river's trunk stream and branches for life. Each September to October, when the water temperature is about 8 ， spawns on the gravel bottom at water depth of it The second core area of 30-60 centimetres in tranquil flow. Sexual maturation 5 Salvelinus malma reserve（Mi Jiang needs 3-4 years. Egg is round, orange yellow with egg River's upper reaches） diameter of 4.2-5.0 millimeters. Brood amount are 194-310 eggs. Its food habit is wide, mainly on benthic animals and insects falling on the water surface, sometimes even jump out of water surface to prey. 302 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 3) Assessment on the reserve's ecosystem status ï?¬ General assessment on biological resources The survey on the environment of aquatic lives is based on the technical documentation （“Master Plan for The Tu Men River's Oriental Salmon & Brachymytax Lenok Pallas State-Level Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserveâ€?，“Scientific Survey Report on the Tu Men River's Oriental Salmon & Brachymytax Lenok Pallas State-Level Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserveâ€? ， “Submission Report for State-Level Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve --- Tu Men River's Oriental Salmon & Brachymytax Lenok Pallas State-Level Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserveâ€?）prepared at the preliminary phase of application for the reserve and the monitoring data in the reserve. The planned Mi Jiang River Super Large Bridge on Jilin- Hun Chun high speed railway is located downstream of the first core area of the Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve, about 4.5 kilometers to the Ming jiang River's mouth. The bridge is 898.96 meters long. The only migration pathway for the migratory fishes is inside the project area, where the river-bed bottom is not damaged by the people and under the pristine ecosystem status. This area is the natural breeding ground for protection of fishes due to its plentiful water flow, lucid water quality, pollution-freeï¼›rapid flow rate and rich dissolved oxygen. Few species of phytoplankton and zooplankton and low biological mass in this area, which is greatly relevant to low water temperature and big flow rate of make-up water source to Mi Jiang River. Aquatic fibrovascular cord plants According to incomplete statistics, there are 16 species of aquatic（humidogene） plants in the first core area of Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve Euryale, coontail, trapa pseudoincisa, t.litwin, trapa manshurica ， watermilfoil, willowleaf wormwood , arrowhead , causewaygrass, kentucky bluegrass , reed, flagleaf, lemna perpusilla torrey, greaterduckweed, common cattail , Marshy sedge , etc. Phytoplankton Because the water flows quicklyand the water temperature is low in Mi Jiang River, there are few species of phytoplankton and the biological mass is low. Based on monitoring, there are seven species of phytoplankton in the first core area down stream Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve. , Nitzschia sp． synedra, cymbella, gomphonema，navicula, cyclotella meneghiniana, and melosira. The average biological mass is 51/0.817-63/1.11(10,000 pieces/mg/L). Zooplankton According to scientific survey, there are two kinds of microzoons, one kind of rotalina, and one kind of crustacean in Mi Jiang River. In 2008-2009, when we monitored in Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve, China Academy of Railway Science 303 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project only downstream the first core area （7.5 kilometers to river's mouth）we picked up one kind （Bosmina sp.）with the biological mass of 50/0.66(pieces/mg/L). Benthic animals According to scientific survey, there is only one kind of benthic animal-- 黑龙江短沟 锩’s conch in Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve. From the above data, there are few species of higher aquatic（humidogene）plants in the first core area downstream Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve; aquatic animal species relatively simple and in small number, and few natural enemies to the protected fishes too. Such a aquatic animal composition is favorable to fish eggs' hatching of oriental salmon in natural spawning place. As the oriental salmon's fish egg hatching time is long, usually 30-60 days, the number of biotic component and biological mass in water determine on hatchability, young fish's survival rate and ultimately number of fishes swimming down to the sea. Therefore，the Mi Jiang River's biological resources is favorable to protection of fish's reproduction, which is also the result of natural selection. ï?¬ Assessment on water environment quality status According to two years' monitoring for 2008-2009，the water quality of the first core area in Mi Jiang River Chum Salmon State-Level Aquatic Product Germplasm Resources Reserve fully conform to the state fishery water quality standard, which will not affect the fishes' living and growth. Therefore all the water quality specifications meet the environmental requirement on inhabitation and breeding of fishes. Table 5-7-12 Analysis of water quality monitoring results in Mi Jiang River's Reserve for 2008-2009 Monitoring Time Standard No. Conformance item 2008 2009 value 1 PH 7.18 7.20 6.5-8.5 √ 2 DO 8.4 9.025 ≤5 √ 3 COD 4 2.82 4 √ Non-ionic 4 0.005 0.0005 ≤0.02 √ ammonia Total 5 0.03 0.03 0.1 √ phosphorus 6 Oils 0.006 0.01 ≤0.05 √ Volatile 7 0.001 0.001 ≤0.005 √ phenol 8 Cu 0.03 0.03 ≤0.01 √ 9 Pb 0.04 0.04 ≤0.05 √ 304 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 10 Zn 0.002 0.002 ≤0.01 √ 11 Cr 0.004 0.0125 ≤0.1 √ 12 Cd 0.003 0.003 0.005 √ 13 As 0.00002 0.0015 ≤0.05 √ 14 Hg 0.000001 0.000001 ≤0.005 √ Note：COD and total nitrogen assessed as per surface water . (2) Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction The project line lies downstream of Mijiang, crossing the first core area. Its length crossing core area is 570m, and crossing the experimental area 200m, both of which are the bridges. It is necessary to set one water pier in the main river of Mijiang in core area. Water operation exists during construction period. ï?¬ Bridge construction technology Bridge of extra large bridge of Mijiang will generally be round end pier. Its bridge pile foundation is generally bored pile. The construction process are: level field, lay the work platform, install drilling, press casing, drill into the hole, locate steel cage and anti- duct, pour concrete, pull the casing. Main pier foundation construction: firstly plug the positioning steel pipe pile, then plug the pile foundation steel casing into the stable ground, and then carry out bored pile construction on the water. Installation of steel box girder: generally use bridge girder erection machine for installation of construction. ï?¬ Environmental impact factors of engineering construction According to analysis of the project characteristics and current status of protective zones, major environmental impact factors of engineering construction include the following: First, setting the piers in the water of protective zones will permanently occupy main channel area of the first core area in protective zone to affect flow form. Second, wading river pier foundation construction will disturb the river bed, thus resulting in a certain amount of waste water and waste slag which increase suspensions in water; Third, during the pier foundation excavation, construction such machinery excavation, machinery transportation and construction of tunnel machinery on both banks of protective zone will arouse some noise and vibration; Fourth, during operation period, the train operation will arouse some noise and vibration. ï?¬ Environmental impact analysis of engineering construction According to engineering construction environmental impact factors and current ecological status of protective zones, the impact of engineering construction on Mijiang salmon state level aquatic germ plasm resource protection zone is shown in the China Academy of Railway Science 305 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project following areas: â‘  Occupy channel, narrow migration channels and destroy spawning grounds The engineering construction requires one water pier located in core area of protective zone, permanently occupying cross section of main channel. The diameters of bridge pile foundation are generally φ1.0m or φ1.25m, and for special bridges which need to increase capacity, bored piles with larger diameters of φ1.5m, φ2.0m or φ2.5m should be used. Each underground pile foundation of round end pier occupies about 10*14m2 (140m2) area. Considering the factors such as expansion of construction operating area, the construction of bridge pile foundation will occupy 140~160m2 river area, narrowing 11m width of river channel, accounting for below 10% of occupation of total cross section width in wet season (migration period). Round end pier above ground has a permanent occupation of an about 8.7*3.0m2 (26.0m2) area, permanently occupying 3.0m river pier width, accounting for below 3% of occupation of total cross section width in wet season. Water pier construction will narrow water fish migration channel to destroy spawning grounds during construction period, thus causing that salmon and beachhead fish may not do an anadromous migration into spawning ground of Mijiang for breeding, as a result, quantities of anadromous migration decrease and river fish fry resources decline This effect usually lasts for 2 years and then will gradually recover. â‘¡ Water quality affected by subaqueous work After living in freshwater river for a few months, juvenile salmon follows downstream along the river, then after a few years in the ocean, they will migrate to the river channel where they were born for breeding. What is the mechanism to guide salmon migration accurately? After a long-term study from 50s to 70s, U.S. ichthyologist Hasler (A.D.Hasler) suggested that salmon which is matured in the ocean could return birthplace for breeding mainly dependent on the smell of water quality of birthplace during the migratory breeding process. With its keen sense of smell, salmon is able to distinguish extremely slight difference between the river channel where it is born and other channels. Once water quality of the birth place changes, it will affect mature salmon in migratory breeding process. According to the construction technology, the basic operation of underwater pier includes the links such as steel protective pipe positioning, sinking, drilling, depositing steel cage, pouring concrete. Steel barrel sunk requires clearing retaining topsoil in the barrel; in drilling process, wall protection by drilling mud should be used to maintain the stability of hole wall. The construction process is carried out within the cofferdam which separates inside from outside water of Mijiang, that is, localized water within the cofferdam is separated from external water outside cofferdam, without waste efflux, causing less impact on river water. Mud generated in the pier construction of should be processed in the cyclic sedimentation tank on the construction platform, not allowing to be discharged into the river, which should be disposed at the designated place after drying on the shore. The waste water generated after precipitation shall not be discharged into river, which can be used for road water spray. Wash waste water for sand, stone material containing great amount of silt, is easy for precipitation, so they are recommended to be recycle after being processed in a set sedimentation tank. Therefore, 306 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project the foundation construction will not arouse significant adverse impact on water quality. In mud loading and transporting process, a small amount of mud falling into the water may occur, resulting in increased water suspension. According to analog data analysis, using cofferdam construction technology, at 100m of construction downstream, the SS increment does not exceed 50mg / L, resulting in little effect on the Mijiang water quality. Waste water during construction mainly includes production waste water and domestic sewage. Main production waste water of bridge construction consists of washing waste water from concrete mixing systems, construction machinery and transport vehicle, mainly containing ingredients such as sand, with high concentration of solids (SS) and pH of weak acid, as well as a small amount of oil. (2) Domestic sewage: during bridge construction, there is many engineering staff on the site, so they will generate a great amount of biological sewage which is similar to ordinary domestic sewage, mainly containing ingredients such as organic compounds, oxygen, ammonia and suspended solids. If the waste water generated during the construction process is directly discharged into the water, water clarity and dissolved oxygen concentration will be lowered, moreover fish and other aquatic organisms will be directly hazarded by some special ingredients. However, as there are fewer construction workers, they produce less quantity of sewage resulting in limit impact on water environment of river. â‘¢ Affect migration and spawning of salmon and beachhead fish etc. According to their living habits, beachhead fish in June and salmon in August every year begin anadromous migration from the sea to Mijiang for spawning. Their young fish will be hatched in the Mijiang, then flowing into the sea where they will be fattening and mature. Meanwhile, the engineering section across the Mijiang is close to the beachhead fish spawning grounds, so pier set in the water in the engineering construction will occupy the main channel and crowd migrating channel so as to destroy spawning grounds; pier construction in the water will make breeding parent fish escape the spawning ground. The floating material generated during construction has a certain impact on existing spawn and fish fry, as a result, anadromous migration and spawning of salmon and beachhead fish will be affected and their propagation could suffer. But this effect is mainly manifested during the construction period, after the completion of construction, the percentage of pier in the water occupying total flow cross section is very small during operation period, and its unfavorable impact will be greatly relieved. â‘£ Noise impact during construction and operation Throughout the process of construction of the bridge, all kinds of construction machinery operation will generate noise. During the links of cofferdam of bridge foundation, operations such as pile and steel casing sticking and sinking, drilled piles etc. will arouse an impact noise, bringing about shock to some species of fish and arousing the fish avoidance response so as to interfere with their normal migratory and lay eggs. Compared with the construction, the level of train noise is much smaller during operation period; Compared with the downstream existing Ji Hui line, the noise level generated by passenger rail train is much lower. Existing Ji Hui line has been running for many years, which running noise basically does not affect fish migration and spawning in Mijiang. Therefore, the impact the noise on fish migration and spawning China Academy of Railway Science 307 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project mainly concentrates in the construction period, which will basically eliminated after construction period is completed. ⑤ Analysis of impact on river bed structure Water flow (including flow velocity and direction) is an important factor that affects migration and spawning of salmon and beachhead fish. In case engineering construction results in damage of structure of watercourse and river bed, dramatic changes of in-stream flow will occur, thus affecting migration and spawning of salmon and beachhead fish. The pier of this project uses pile foundation which contributes to the bridge lines and river bed stability and will not arouse impact on the river bed. Pier setting in the water will not lead to hammed water at pier location or dramatic changes of water flow. However, if pier construction is chosen for migration period, operation plane will occupy and narrow flow cross section of the main channel, which cause changes of flow near the operation plane, thus affecting the migratory and spawning of fish to some extent. (3) Mitigation measures for environmental impact ï?¬ Adjustment of construction schedule and construction period In June every year beachhead fish following upstream starts migration and breeding, and in August salon starts. This period usually lasts till the end of September and early October, which is also the season to protect releasing and proliferating of the salmon and beachhead fish. Therefore, combined with living habits of salmon and beached fish, the construction schedule and construction period should be rationally arranged to avoid setting operation plane in the river water within the protective zone during the migratory breeding season of fish. Construction activities in protective zones should try to be arranged at non-migratory breeding season from the end of October to April of the following year. ï?¬ Optimization of construction technology The bridge construction technology shall be optimized as possible in the construction process, especially wading operation link. â‘  reduces impact of noise on the reproduction of migration of fish by selecting low-noise construction machinery. â‘¡ underwater construction blasting should be avoided as possible. Millisecond blasting method should be used for blasting of the tunnel on both sides of rivers. â‘¢ carefully organize the drilling and cofferdam sinking operations, control operation time, and shorten operating time in the water. ï?¬ Water pollution and control Salmon migration requires a relatively strict water quality. This project is dedicated line without impact on river water quality during the operation period. Its impact on water quality is mainly manifested during construction period. The main preventive measures of protection are: â‘  Under bridge foundation construction, waste slag such as sludge which is bored out will be the biggest potential pollutants to affect the water. The relevant 308 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project specification shall be observed strictly, that is, waste slag should be shipped out of river and a certain protective measures should be taken. The storage sites must be selected by consulting with local governments, fisheries authorities, and protection management department. Transportation and storage process should be monitored by supervisors. Free disposal is prohibited so as to minimize the impact of waste slag on water quality and to prevent adverse effects of waste slag piling on flood control. â‘¡ Cofferdam of the main river channel should take the structure form of a smaller cross section to ensure that occupation of area of waterway is as small as possible, and to minimize interference with the river flow. Construction of the bridge pier in water requires cofferdam built to be the island, which will narrow the river cross section, so the evaluation recommends reasonable arrangement of construction period and selection of the dry season, non-migratory breeding period for the bridge pier construction of the main channel; pier construction uses steel cofferdam construction in order to reduce sediment pollution on water. After construction is completed, all temporary works will be removed to ensure the smooth flow of water. Construction machinery should be kept clean, and contamination of the water body should be avoided. â‘¢ Construction camps and sites can not be set within the scope of protection zones, and sewage and garbage discharged into the river is strictly prohibited. Location of construction materials stacked should be away from the water. All kinds of material should be provided with facilities sheltering from rain, at the same time, digging of open ditches, de-sanding well and protective walls, etc. around the material field should be conducted to avoid the material washed into the river by storm. Waste generated during construction period should be timely cleaned up every day and be intensively collected, of which food-related refuse should be piled for waterlogged compost, and the remaining waste should be transported to dump for disposal. â‘£ Direct discharge of production waste water and domestic sewage into the river is prohibited. Production waste water containing ordinary suspended solids should be discharged after being settling. Other waste water and domestic sewage should be treated with sewage treatment facilities to be built. ⑤ When construction is completed, construction site should be cleaned timely, without construction waste or facility left within the scope of river channel, to ensure that the impact of works on the river bed will be minimized, and to timely dredge and restore the migration routes of migratory fish. The ecological environment along the coast should be timely restored to avoid the impact of water and soil loss on the water environment. (4) Monitoring measures In construction and operation phases, project owners and management unit shall set up the environmental protection department to develop and implement all environmental protection measures. Project owners and management units should also strengthen ties with the local fishery sector, acquire guidance from the relevant departments, and actively accept the supervision of the China Academy of Railway Science 309 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project implementation of relevant environmental protection measures by relevant authorities in the process of construction and operation, while enhancing the management of construction workers and improving protecting awareness of fishery resources of construction staff. (5) Preparation of temporary rescue plan for rare animals At initial phase of anadromous migration of fish, the event concerning direct injury of protected species such as salmon and beachhead fish should be avoided. Construction unit should prepare relevant treatment preplans, if injury of protected fish occurs, should contact with the local fishery as soon as possible, and provide temporary aid for injured fish timely, such as: disinfection, treatment, and transport them to other places collectively. Holding culture, rescue, transport, discharge of fish are highly professional, involving multi-disciplinary, so the construction units should strengthen technological exchanges with the fisheries sector for rescue technology, and gradually establish a management and technical supportive agency as required, to ensure smooth development of temporary aid. (6) Relevant monitoring Works crossing the sections of Mijiang is close to spawning intensive-area of beachhead fish, and engineering construction will occupy a certain area of the beachhead fish spawning area. In order to understand the influence of the bridge on anadromous migration and reproduction of the migratory fish, it is necessary to carry out monitoring on a restricted range during bridge-building construction period (calculated by 2 years) and the initial operating phase (calculated by 2 years). Scope of monitoring should be set in the upstream and downstream of extra large bridge of Mijiang. â‘  Fish resources Monitoring indicators: species and resource of fish. Monitoring location: 500m upstream and downstream at the bridge site; â‘¡ Fishing spawning area Monitoring indicators: species and proportion of initial resources, spatial and temporal distribution, hydrological factors, and distribution and size of spawning ground; Monitoring location: beachhead fish spawning ground; (7) Estimated loss of fisheries resources In conclusion, the impact caused by engineering construction is: first, the construction of pier occupies fish spawning grounds, second, the construction noise will arouse avoidance response of fish, third, and the construction will result in local influence to the migration of migratory fish. Its economic loss consists of the following components: annual loss of underwater construction, annual loss of water construction and loss of permanent occupation of spawning grounds. The second core area of protection zones is located above 35km upstream of Mijiang where protected fish has not migratory habits and will not cause damage, so the amount of economic loss of fisheries should calculate 5 migratory fish of the first core area, taking into account other commercial fishes such as crucian and carp at river mouth. The influence of operation period needs to be further confirmed. First, the selected parameters for annual economic loss estimation of underwater construction (construction of bridge piers) 310 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 1) Determination of fish populations entering into the spawning grounds ï?¬ According to annual increment trend of salmon resources, it output is expected to reach 20 tons in 2010, calculated as per 60% entering into Mijiang river. ï?¬ According to incomplete statistics of protection zones, every year lampetra japonica into spawning area of Mijiang River through anadromous migration approximately stands at above 1 ton. Calculated as per 1 ton. ï?¬ According to annual increment trend of beachhead fish resources, it output is expected to reach 80 tons in 2010, calculated as per 40% entering into Mijiang river. ï?¬ Commercial fishes such as crucian and carp shall be calculated according to 25% the total output of the Tumen River entering into the Mijiang River. 2) Other calculation parameters Male female ratio of salmon 1:1; evasion90%, price of spawn 0.2 Yuan/ grain; Male female ratio of beachhead fish 1:1; evasion20%, price of spawn 0.01 Yuan/ grain; Male female ratio of lampetra japonica 1:1; evasion20%, price of spawn 0.02 Yuan/ grain; Male female ratio of crucian and carp etc. 1:1; evasion 20%, price of spawn 0.01 Yuan/ grain. 3) Loss estimation Calculation formula: F (Ten thousand Yuan) = ∑ni=1 (Resources × Reproductive Capacity × Proportion of Mature × Evasion × Spawn Price) Table 5-7-13 Loss Estimation of Bridge Pier Construction on Fish in Protection Zone Spaw Economi Resourc Individual Productivit Avoidin n loss c loss e mature No. Species y (10k g ration (10k (10k amount percentag grains/kg) (%) grains RMB (t) e (%) ) Yuan) 1 Salmon 4.8 0.10 80 90 345.6 69.12 Masu 2 0.9 0.11 80 90 71.28 14.256 salmon Hunchbac 3 0.3 0.12 80 90 25.92 5.184 k salmon Beachhea 4 16 2.3 50 20 3680 36.8 d fish Japanese 5 0.5 11.3 50 20 565 11.3 lamprey 6 Carp, 6.25 12 10 20 125 1.25 China Academy of Railway Science 311 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project crucian,et c Tota 137.91 l The resource amount listed in the table was for female, counted by half total amount. It has been calculated underwater (pier) construction period results in a direct annual loss of CNY 1.3791 million to fish resources of protection zone. See table 5-7-13. Second, selected parameters for estimation of annual economic loss of water (bridge construction) construction Considering corresponding decreases of annual suspension of the bridges construction and cofferdam removed will cause a lower effect on migratory fish spawning, but many factors such as the noise of the construction site, the destruction of migration routes and destroyed spawning grounds still exist, based on other parameters unchanged, evasion correspondingly decreases, of which salmon calculated by 45%; beachhead fish and lampetra japonica calculated by 10%; the loss of economical fishes like carp, crucian shall not be calculated any more. Loss estimation Calculation formula: F (Ten thousand Yuan) = ∑ni=1 (Resources × Reproductive Capacity × Proportion of Mature × Evasion × Spawn Price) 312 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-7-14: Loss Estimation of Bridge Pier Construction on Fish in Protection Zone Spaw Economi Resourc Individual Productivit Avoidin n loss c loss e mature No. Species y (10k g ration (10k (10k amount percentag grains/kg) (%) grains RMB (t) e (%) ) Yuan) 1 Salmon 4.8 0.10 80 45 172.8 34.56 Masu 2 0.9 0.11 80 45 35.64 7.128 salmon Hunchbac 3 0.3 0.12 80 45 12.96 2.592 k salmon Beach 4 16 2.3 50 10 1840 18.4 head fish Japanese 5 0.5 11.3 50 10 282.5 5.65 lamprey Tota 68.33 l The resource amount listed in the table was for female, counted by half total amount. It has been calculated water (bridge) construction period results in a direct annual loss of CNY 683,300 to fish resources of protection zone. Third, economic loss caused by reduction of spawning ground resulting from permanent building of bridges Location of bridges not only changes the hydrological conditions of spawning grounds, but also directly occupies spawning ground; as a result, spawning grounds at or near the pier permanently disappears. According to spawning habits of avoiding noise of fish, the loss amount is calculated in accordance with 10 meters near the bridge. The total length of spawning grounds for beachhead fish and lampetra japonica of the first core area is about 8,000 meters, and the reduced amount accounting for 0.125% of total spawning ground. Years of occupation of permanent facilities, combined with operation period, the design life and other factors of rail and road, should be calculated by 20 years, and charging method uses one-time charge. Calculation Formula: F (Ten thousand Yuan) = ∑ni=1 (Resources × Reproductive Capacity × Proportion of Mature × Loss Ratio of Spawn Area × Spawn Price × Years) China Academy of Railway Science 313 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-7-15 Loss Estimation of Bridge Pier Construction on Fish in Protection Zone Spaw Economi Resourc Individual Productivit Avoidin n loss c loss e mature No. Species y (10k g ration (10k (10k amount percentag grains/kg) (%) grains RMB (t) e (%) ) Yuan) Beach 4 16 2.3 50 0.125 2.3 0.023 head fish Japanes 5 e 0.5 11.3 50 0.125 3.5 0.07 lamprey Tota 0.093 l The resource amount listed in the table was for female, counted by half total amount. Loss caused by permanent occupation of spawning grounds is 930 Yuan/year. Total loss = 0.093 × 20 = 18,600 Yuan. Fourth, the direct economic loss of fisheries According to accumulation of Table 5-7-13, 5-7-14, 5-1-15, construction period of extra large bridge of Mijiang River is 2 years, causing direct loss of 2.061 million Yuan to of fishes in protection zones. Calculation method is as follows: Fishery Losses: 137.91+66.33+1.86=2 061 000 Yuan Fifth, restoration compensation of fisheries resources According to relevant provisions of article 5.3 Calculation of Economic Loss of Fishery Pollution Accidents (GB/T21678-2008), “any damage to the natural fishery resources caused by the fishery water pollution or destruction, in terms of calculation of economic loss, restoration compensation of natural fisheries resources should be considered, which shall be not less than 3 times of direct economic losses in principleâ€?. The construction period is 2 years, direct loss year is 2 years, and restoration compensation of fisheries resources is: (1) 1 379 100 Yuan × 1 × 3 = 4 137 300 Yuan (2) 683 300 Yuan × 1 × 3 = 2 043 900 Yuan (3) Loss of permanent occupation of spawning grounds: 18 600 Yuan. (1) + (2) + (3) = 413.73+204.99+1.86=6 205 800 Yuan According to the above analysis, construction of extra large bridge of Mijiang River results in a direct annual loss of CNY 2.081 million to protection zone. According to the relevant provisions of national standards, the construction party should provide CNY 6.2058 million as compensation for restoration of fishery resources to protection zone. Protection zone should use this restoration compensation of fisheries resources to restore the natural spawning grounds and migration routes, maintaining its original ecological condition; to increase the amount of releasing and proliferating of protected of fish, and compensate for loss 314 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project of natural resources by artificial means, for the purpose that quantities of protected areas are not affected by construction projects. For special restoration measures and investment, see table 5-1-13. (8) Ecological restoration measures Ecological restoration measures include the following: First, dredge and restore migration routes of migratory fish. Dredge, restore (or be opened separately) 200 meters migration routes of migratory fish. The measures such as removing construction waste, dredging, and laying gravel should be taken to restore the landform of the river bed, if it is necessary to separately open a migration routes, river dredging and laying of pebbles should be carried out. Second, opening up a new natural fish spawning ground Opening up a new 400 meters spawning ground for beachhead fish and lampetra japonica upstream the railway bridge. Its total area and length shall meet the requirements of natural reproduction of beachhead fish and lampetra japonica. Third, newly-built collection yard of salmon parent fish at the mouth of Mijiang river Newly-built management room covers 100 square meters, and holding and excavation pond 150 square meters, with power engineering, movable type ovum collection, hatchery equipment, arrested facilities etc. Fourth, newly-built flow pond for fish fries cultivation In order to offset the loss of salmon, beachhead fish resources during construction year and ensure continued growth in the quantity of fishes, a newly-built 500 square meters cement flow pond is needed. Fifth, hatching equipment Newly-built hatchery workshop covers 200m2, with 10 sets of hatching equipment. Sixth, fry rearing Newly-added fish fries of salmon up to 600,000, and beachhead fish (lampetra japonica) fries 5,000,000. Seventh, ecological environment monitoring Monitoring shall be conducted for 10 years. In breeding season monitoring should be carried out for 3-5 times, at 35km section from the river mouth to Dahuanggou 3-5 monitoring points are set. Monitoring contents are: population size, maturity ratio, fisheries environment, and food organisms. The above ecological restoration measures investment estimation was shown in the table 5-7-16. Table 5-7-16 Ecological Restoration Measures Investment Estimation. Amount (10k Name Quantity Unit price RMB Yuan) Rusuming(dredging) 200m 0.1*10k CNY/m 20 China Academy of Railway Science 315 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Amount (10k Name Quantity Unit price RMB Yuan) migration passage Opening egg laying plant 400m 0.05*10k CNY /m 20 Fishing plant： 1 management house 100 ㎡ 0.15*10k CNY /㎡ 15 2 power distribution project 5 5 3 temporary feeding pond 150 ㎡ 0.1*10k CNY /㎡ 15 4 mobile hatching equipment 1 set 5 5 5 holding up facilities 1 set 10 10 releasing base expanding: 6 hatch workshop 200 ㎡ 0.15*10k CNY /㎡ 30 7 cement pond 500 ㎡ 0.1*10k CNY /㎡ 50 8 hatching equipment 10 set 0.5*10k CNY /set 5 New accrue releasing: 5*10k CNY /10k 1 salmon 60k ps 300 ps 0.2*10k CNY 2 beach head fish 500 k ps 100 /10k ps Ecologic environment survey 10 years 2.5 25 Salmon mark releasing study 4 years 5 20 Total 620 To sum up, extra large bridge construction of Mijiang River results in economic loss of CNY 8,286,800 to fish resources in protection zone, of which direct economic loss accounting for CNY 2,081,000. According to the relevant provisions of national standards, about CNY 6,205,800 should be provide as compensation for restoration of fishery resources; in order to restore types and quantity of fishery resources in the protection zone, ecological restoration measures investment in this engineering construction stands at CNY 6,200,000. 4) Opinion of the competent authority In August 2010, the ministry of agriculture has organized relevant experts to review Thematic Assessments Report Concerning Environmental Impact of Construction of Extra Large Bridge for Passenger Rail Line from JILIN to Hunchun on Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone, and in August 17, 2010 approved the project crossing protection zone according to Agriculture and Fisheries Resources Memo [2010] No. 82 ‘A Letter Concerning Acceptance in Principle of Compensation Proposal for Fisheries Resources and Measures in Thematic Assessments Report Concerning Environmental Impact of Construction of Extra Large Bridge for Passenger Rail Line from Jilin to Hunchun on Mijiang Salmon State Level Aquatic 316 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Germ Plasm Resource Protection Zone’, and required the owners units shall implement all proposal and measures of the report in accordance with “3-Simultaneousâ€? principle, in the project implementation process.   5.7.5 Analysis on impact of engineering construction on Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Nature Reserve To have in-depth understanding of the engineering construction's impact on the major ecological sensitive areas along the line, and provide the scientific decision-making basis to the competent authorities, and in consideration of this project's certain impact on the Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Nature Reserve, the owner commissioned Forestry Survey & Design Academy of Jilin Province to prepare “Evaluation Report for New Jilin-Hunchun Special Passenger Railway Line's Impact on Biologic Diversity of An Tu Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve When Crossing Over Itâ€?？？？ report to forestry department of Jilin Province for approval. The following section is written on basis of the above special evaluation report. 1. Overview In 1990 ， Jilin Province's Government approved the establishment of Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve on Songhua Jiang on the basis of the original Song Hua Hu Nature Reserve（354,098 hectares）built up in 1982 upon the document of “Notice on Establishment of Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve on Songhua Jiangâ€?（Ji Zheng Han [1990]no. 9）, with the area extended to 1,144,710 hectares. In September of 2009, the state council approved upgrading of 115,253.2-hectare area inside the original Three-Lake provincial-level reserve to the state-level nature reserve. Songhua Jiang Three-lake Provincial-Level Reserve refers to Song Hua Lake, Hong Yan Lake and Bai Shan Lake at the second Songhua Jiang upper reaches, as well as the Songhua Jiang's water area connecting these three lakes, and the land area demarcated along the lake and river. It’s located in the southeast of Jilin Province with the geographic coordinates as E.L.126°35′-128°02′，N.L.42°06′-43°51′. In terms of administrative region, it covers the Feng Man District of Jinlin and Baishan Cities, Jiao He City, Hua Dian City, and 33 towns and one sub-district of JIng Yu County and Fu Song County. It is 196 kilometers long in south-north direction, 119 kilometres in west-east direction, the total area of 1144710 hectares, slightly in a rectangular shape（See Figure 5-7-7）. The reserve is divided into the lake surface area, the area adjacent to the lake and the area far from the lake. The lake surface area refers to the area inside the normal storage water level line designed for Songhua Jiang's three lakes, and the highest wash-marking line at the Songhua Jiang section connecting the three lakes, with an area of 57305 hectares. Its main functions are power generation and flood protection together with water conservation, irrigation, aquaculture and shipping，etc. The area adjacent to the lake refers to the area extended outwards by 500m from the China Academy of Railway Science 317 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project normal storage water level line designed for Songhua Jiang's three lakes, and the highest wash-marking line at the Songhua Jiang section connecting the three lakes(within this range, if ridge exists, take the first ridge as border), with an area of 71,268 hectares. Its main functions are protection of lands along the river and lake to prevent a large amount of sands and earth from flowing into rivers and lakes. The area far from the lake refers to area from the area adjacent to the lake to the boundary line of the reserve, with an area of 1016137 hectares. Its main functions are to reserve the water source and solids, prevent pollution and protect the ecological environment by virtue of a large amount of forests and vegetation cover. The vegetation cover in this area belongs to the Changbai Shan florae with a diverse vegetation types, well known as Natural Treasury with plant ecological community based on the forest vegetation. Due to human activities, the original forest is scare. Most are natural secondary forests mainly with Mongolian oak, Populus davidiana, or Betula platyphlla. The forestry community mainly includes mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, broad-leave mixed forest, Oak tree forest, POPLAR-BIRCH forest and a variety of man-made forests mainly based on larch, red pine, and cob pine. The grassland vegetation mainly includes dry herbosa and emersiprata. The agricultural vegetation cover includes maize , soybean , paddy , rice , etc. Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve is the area with the greatest biologic diversity in Changbai Shan's ecosystem and is the important protected area for precious, rare and endangered animals and plants resources and their habitats. It is also the important protected area for domestic water, industrial and agricultural water sources for dozens of cities and counties along the Song Hua River downstream of three lakes like Jilin, Changchun , Song Yuan, Harbin, Jiamusi, etc. The provincial-level reserve plays an important buffer role to the Jilin Songhua Jiang Three-Lake State-Level Nature Reserve established in September of 2009. Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Nature Reserve is a multifunctional nature reserve for protection of the forest ecosystem and its biologic diversity in the headwater reserve upstream of Songhua Jiang with the functions of conservation management, scientific research and monitoring, education, etc. The protected items include： 318 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Relative location between Jilin Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Nature Reserve provincial-level reserve Figure 5-7-7 Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Nature Reserve China Academy of Railway Science 319 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project （1）Resources of precious, rare and endangered animals and plants and their habitats： There are 12 kinds of wild plants under state key protection, in which, two kinds of state Category I key protected wild plants, i.e. , taxus cuspidata and ginsengï¼›there are ten kinds of state category ii key protected wild plants: red pine, largescale chosenia, wild groundnut, lotus root, Manchurian ash, cork-tree, tilia amurensis rupr, Juglans mandshurica，etc. There are nine kinds of state Category I key protected wildlife in the reserve like Ciconia boyciana, Aquila chrysaetos，erne, Mergus squamatus ， red-crowned crane, white crane, hooded crane , sable and Moschus moschiferusï¼›there are 44 kinds of state Category II key protected wildlife like Anthropoides virgo, Grus vipio, common crane , mandarin duck, red deer , etc. （2）Rich biologic species resources：A great variety of wildlife live in the reserve with a very rich germplasm gene resources. According to the preliminary survey, there are 7 types of vegetation, 25 Population lines, and 40 associations. Wild plants has 63 orders, 160 families, 526 genuses, and 1489 Species(including 57 Species of lichcn and 1.432 Species of higher plant). There are 403 Species of land wildlife, accounting for 90.6% of the whole province's 445 Species(and wildlife resources investigation report 2006 for Jilin Province's ten-year game-hunting prohibition). There are 171 species of known wildlife in the area, in which 13 species are state key protected ones. There are 553 species of known wild plants, in which ï¼– species are state key protected ones. protection of these wildlife's good genes is of great significance to the social subsistence and development. （3）Important water source：Three-Lake provincial-level nature reserve is the important ecological safety barrier to the water resources in Northeast China. it is also the water source of the domestic water, industrial and agricultural water to over 10 cities and counties along the Songhua River downstream Three Lakes liek Jilin, Changchun, Songyuan, Harbin, Jiamusi, etc. 2. Relationship bewteen engineering and reserve （1）Analysis of reasons for impossibility of the engineering to move around the reserve Because Jiao He City/s urban area is enclosed by the reserve on east, south and west sides. Jiao He City is an important economic foothold along this project's line. With the consideration of requirements on the passenger traffic, local economic development and engineering standards, etc. , new Jiao He Station （CK64+350）will be set up on the west side of the urban area (in neighborhood of the development zone).Meanwhile，as the project's route is affected by many environment-sensitive areas like Mt. La Fa State Forest Park, distribution of mineral resources concerned, Jiao He City's drinking-water source reserve, etc., the line can only go through junction area of the above sensitive areas and Three-Lake Nature Reserves, therefore the project line can't move around the Three-Lake nature reserve. The project line will pass the reserve by about 40.5 kilometres. See Figure 5-7-8 for relative location between the project line and Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve On Songhua Jiang. 320 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 5-7-8 Relative location between Songhua Jiang Three-Lake nature reserve and the project line （2）Relationship between engineering and reserve's location Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve on Songhua Jiang covers a large area, including both China Academy of Railway Science 321 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Changchun-Tumen Railway, 302 national highway, provincial-level road and county-level road. Due to early establishment of the reserve, its control scopes have not been divided. According to “Administrative Directions for Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve On Songhua Jiang of Jilin Provinceâ€?： the reserve is divided into lake surface area, the area adjacent to the lake and the area far from the lake. The line runs in the area far from the lake．The line goes through the reserve by about 40.5 kilometres, away from the reserve's lake surface. The pass-through stretch is located on the edge of the area far from the lake in the reserve (0~3km to the border of the reserve， meanwhile in parallel with existing 302 national highway). In this way, this project moves around the Songhua Jiang Three-Lake State-Level Nature Reserve, above 15km away from Songhua Jiang Three-Lake State-Level Nature Reserve. 3. Profile of engineering in the reserve Limited by the topographical condition and Jiao He Station's location, the planned railway line will pass through the experimental area of Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve in three sections, see Table 5-7-17 for details. Table 5-7-17 Statistics of engineering for proposed railway line passing through Three-Lake nature reserve Pass-through Pass-through length Railroad bed Bridge （%） Tunnel （%） mileage （m） （%） CK24+800～ 3296m 16884m 23320 3140m（13.5%） CK48+120 （14.1%） （72.4%） CK59+640～ 3333m 9360 887m（9.5%） 5140m（54.9%） CK69+000 （35.6%） CK73+000～ 1984m 1548m 8800 5268m（59.9%） CK81+800 （22.5%） （17.6%） Total pass-through mileage 40.5 km，in which，total length of bridge and tunnel 27.93km, taking 69% of total pass-through length. There are totally 10 tunnels，13 bridges, 6 dumping grounds and a few work yards in the reserve. The line passes through the area far from the lake in the north of three-lake provincial-level reserve on Songhua Jiang, respectively at Tian Nan Forest Farm，Chi Shui Forest Farm and Xin Nong Forest Farm. The line plans to occupy the nature reserve's forest land of 81hm2 permanently, in which, main works occupies 15hm2, two of four slope collars occupies 0.6hm2, railroad bed's dumping ground occupies 6.4hm2 of forest land, and the tunnel dumping ground occupies 59hm2 of the forest land, as shown in Table 5-7-18, Table 5-7-19, and Table 5-7-20. Table 5-7-18 Statistics of occupied forest land for line's passing through Three-Lake 322 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Provincial-Level Reserve Unit:hm2 Man-made Item Natural forest Total forest Line 4.1 10.9 15.0 Slope collar 0.3 0.3 0.6 Borrow pit/dumping ground for 4.5 1.9 6.4 railroad bed Tunnel's dumping ground 55.0 4.0 59.0 Total 63.9 17.1 81.0 Table 5-7-19 Statistics of occupied forest land areas for passenger line's main line passing through the reserve Unit:hm2 Start End Man-made Natural Name of forest farm Length（m） Wooded area point point forest forest DK26+040 DK27+430 1390 4.1 4.1 DK27+710 DK27+947 237 1.0 1 DK28+635 DK29+160 525 2.2 2.2 DK29+492 DK30+330 838 2.5 1 1.5 Tiannan forest farm DK30+450 DK30+920 350 0.8 0.3 0.5 DK31+280 DK31+335 55 0.5 0.5 DK31+917 DK32+150 233 1.0 0.7 0.3 DK32+450 DK32+550 100 0.3 0.3 DK45+968 DK46+209 241 1.3 0.5 0.8 DK62+750 DK62+980 230 0.7 0.7 Chishui forest farm DK63+060 DK63+140 80 0.3 0.3 Xinnong forest farm DK80+220 DK80+260 40 0.3 0.3 Total 4319 15.0 4.1 10.9 Table 5-7-20 Statistics of the occupied forest land areas for slope collars（Unit: hm2） Total area of Occupied Man-made Natural Location occupied land wooded area forest forest DK38+500Slope collar 0.3 0.3 0 0.3 DK41+000Slope collar 0.3 0 0 0 DK43+000Slope collar 0.3 0 0 0 DK44+000Slope collar 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 Total 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 4. Construction Impact assessment on the reserve （1） Ecological status of the reserve China Academy of Railway Science 323 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 1) Species diversity There are rich plant species in the reserve. At present, 63 orders, 160 families, 526 genuses and 1489 species of wild plants are known, including 1 order, 17 families, 27 genuses and 57 species of lower plant--lichcnï¼›in higher plants, 11 orders, 24 families, 35 genuses and 50 species of bryopsidaï¼›8 orders, 20 families, 35 genuses and 81 species of filicalesï¼›l order, 3families, 7 genuses and 11 species of gymnospermsï¼›and 42 orders, 96 families, 422 genuses and 1290 species of anthophyta. Totally, 35 orders, 93 Families and 403 species of invertebrates are found in 1 6 the Three-Lake Reserve. In which： order 1 family 3 species for cyclostomesï¼› orders 14 families 71 species for fishesï¼›2 orders 6 families 13 species for amphibiaï¼›3 orders 4 families 11 species 17 for reptilesï¼› orders 51 families 255 species for birdsï¼› 6 orders 17 families 50 species for beasts. In addition, 16 orders 156 families 896 species for insecta are known in the reserve. There are many precious, rare and endangered animal and plant species in the reserve. There are 12 kinds of wild plants under state key protection, in which, 2 kinds of state Category I key protected wild plants, i.e. , Taxus cuspidata and ginsengï¼›there are 9 kinds of state Category II key protected wild plants: red pine , Largescale chosenia , Wild groundnut , lotus root , Manchurian ash , cork-tree , Tilia amurensis Rupr, Juglans mandshurica，etc. There are 9 kinds of state Category I key protected wildlife in the reserve like Ciconia boyciana, Aquila chrysaetos， erne, Mergus squamatus，red-crowned crane , white crane , hooded crane , sable and Moschus moschiferus. There are 44 kinds of state Category II key protected wildlife like Anthropoides virgo, Grus vipio, common crane , mandarin duck, red deer , etc. According to the spot survey，the area where engineering passes through the reserve is not the wildlife’s concentrated distribution area, and most state key protected wild animals and other important species are distributed in the area adjacent to the lake in the reserve, and most key protected wild animals are migratory birds with a very large range of activities. Distribution of the state key protected wild plants in the area where the engineering passes through in the reserve based on Spot survey is shown in Table 5-7-21. There are 18 kinds of state Category key i.e.， protected wild animals in the area where the engineering passes through the reserve， mandarin duck, goshawk, Accipiter nisus，Accipiter virgatus, Buteo buteo，Buteo hemilasius, Buteo lagopus， Circus melanoleucos, Circus cyaneus, Falco subbuteo, Falco vespertinus , kestrel, Strix uralensis, Asio flammeus, lynx , wild boar, roe deer, and black bear. 324 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-7-21 List of state key protected and endangered wild plants in the reserve Habitat and Chinese Class and Protection Latin name distributional name category reasons characteristics Scattered or Ever as the major aggregated in the timber-tree in Red pine Pinus koraiensis mixed Northeast China， broadleaf-conifer the tertiary plant forest relic species Mixed Major Amur Tilia amurensis broadleaf-conifer nectariferous linden forest plant Scattered in mixed Manchurian Fraxinus broadleaf-conifer Major timber-tree ash mandshurica forest Major Scattered in mixed Phellodendron timber-tree , Cork-tree broadleaf-conifer amurense tertiary plant relic forest species Aggregated on forest Important plant of Wild Glycine soja roadside and hillside germplasm groundnut prairie resources 2) Social economic status Songhua Jiang Three-Lake Provincial-Level Reserve is 196 kilometres long in south-north direction, and 119 kilometres wide in east-west direction, in which the forest land as major part takes nearly 80% of the total area, farmland nearly 12%. In terms of administrative division, it covers Feng Man District of Jilin and Baishan Cities, Jiao He City, Hua Dian City, Jing Yu County and Fu Song County, including the above cities and counties' 33 towns and 1 sub-district, 293 villages, and 1230 natural villages. （2） Construction environmental impact assessment ï?¬ Impact on forest eco-system China Academy of Railway Science 325 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project The railway is planned to occupy 81hm2 forest land in the nature reserve, including 15hm2 for the project main part and 66hm2 for temporary construction (tunnel inclined shafts, spoil ground, etc.). Main tree species on the occupied forest land include Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Tilia amurnesis, Tilia mandshurica, Quercus mongolica, Pobulus davidiana, silver birch, Betula costata trautv, Acer mono Maxim, Acer mandshuricum, Acer triflorum, elm, willow, deciduous pine tree, Picea asperata, Mongolian Scotch pine, etc. Under the woods there are honeysuckle, Spiffy Bushclover, Corylus heterophylla, Hazel, Winged Euonymus, elderbush, Acanthopanacis Senticosi, Aralia elata(Miq.) seem, Syringa amurensis, sheepberry, Sorbaria kirilowii, Lilium distichum Nakai, Adenophora tetraphylla, Platycodon grandiforus, Rosa darica Pall, Glycine soja, Fillipendula palmata, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Artemisia annua L, Artemisia princeps, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, Evening Primrose, Convallaria majalis, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Actinidia arguta, Actinidia kollmikta, Spuriopimpinnellabrachycarpa（Kom.） kitagawa, agaricus, mellea armillaria sporophore, Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus, Hohenbuehelia serotina, etc. The occupied forest land includes 78.9% man-made forest and 21.1% natural forest (mainly natural Quercus mongolica broadleaved mixed stands). There are state key protected wild plants Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Tilia amurnesis and Glycine soja. These plants in the occupied forest show a small total quantity and belong to common species in the east part of Jilin Province. Glycine soja grows mainly at the edge of forests and farm lands (see Table 5-7-22). Table 5-7-22 Quantity of Key Protected Wild Plants Level of Adult tree number Young tree number Total Species protection D.B.H.≥5cm D.B.H.≥5cm number Pinus koraiensis 67/6 95/9 162/15 Fraxinus mandshurica 266/22 510/36 776/58 Juglans mandshurica 844/35 521/32 1365/67 Phellodendron amurense 58/8 18/6 76/14 Tilia amurnesis 72/9 35/5 107/14 Glycine soja 850/55 107/55 Total 1307/80 2029/143 2593/223 Note: Numbers after “/â€? are for trees in permanently occupied lands. The proposed railway will, in form of tunnel, pass through the large natural forest slightly disturbed by human. Natural forests occupied by subgrades and bridges are mainly in compartments No.12, 14 and 36 in Tiannan Forest, which are about 1km from Beicigou Village. The 4hm2 natural Quercus mongolica mixed forest for spoil ground is within a large man-made larch forest 100-500m east of Beicigou Village. The natural forest habitat to be occupied is majorly disturbed by human and not suitable for big wild animals. State key protected animals like wild boars and roe deer are roaming in this region. Most state key protected wild birds are mostly migratory animals in a large home range. Therefore, in the project construction period, the home range of nearby state key protected wild animals will be affected slightly. Excavation and backfilling during construction will destroy the vegetation along the route and occupy forest and grass lands, which brings exposed earth surface and thus changes of partial eco-structure along the route. Exposed earth surface under rainwash will show soil loss and decreased fertility, and hence influence partial stability of the eco-system. Other sections along the route show intensified human activities. Site survey found no habitats of state key protected wild animals. Railway construction will partially affect living environment of 326 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project nearby wild animals. According to site survey and analysis of key protected animal distribution range, the proposed railway region is not a habitat of rare animals. The project construction would only partially influence activities of wild animals, but not cause reduction of wild animal species. Investigation shows that there’re activities of wild boars and roe deer 5km south of CK41 in Three Lakes Nature Reserve. This project goes through this section in form of tunnel (Lafa Mountain Tunnel CK38+200~CK47+000), and has no influence on existing eco-corridor. Other key protected wild animals are mainly distributed in Songhuajiang River Three Lakes State Nature Reserve far from the railway route and not affected by the project construction. ï?¬ Impact of Waste Water Waste oil dripped for leaked from construction machines and outdoor machines washed by rainwater may cause pollution. Drilling bits from bridge substructure construction may pollute water. Bridge piers may occupy river course, change water flow pattern and cause new river erosion in rain season. According to water flow, the engineering design has taken effective measures for the pier base concrete and protection measures against possible slope slide or collapse. Living sewage and rubbish from construction camps and stored construction materials may pollute the water system. The above pollutions may all affect growth of surrounding aquatic plants and habitation of aquatic animals. The project is planned to set up Jiaohe West Station in the urban area of Jiaohe City located within the Nature Reserve. The station waste water drainage during operation period will cause some impact on the Nature Reserve. ï?¬ Impact of Waste Gases During subgrade construction, large amount of dust due to excavation, backfilling, bulldozing, soil handling, cement and lime loading/unloading, transportation and mixing will dissipate into the air. Material transporting trucks and stored materials in wind will bring dust pollution. Especially when wind is strong or trucks are running fast, the dust pollution is even worse. This will affect surrounding plant growth and animal activities to some degree. ï?¬ Impact of Noises Level of noises from construction material transportation trucks, excavators, loaders, bulldozers and graders are 76-98dB (A), which will cause some negative impact on the environment. This impact will disappear at the end of construction period. ï?¬ Impact of Solid Disposals Abandoned construction soil and living rubbish of construction camps, if disposed improperly, will bring some negative influence to the environment along the railway. Bridge construction especially pile foundation excavation shall adopt proper spoil management and avoid random placement along riverside. It shall be put in designated places or filled in subgrade, avoiding riverside blocking and not smooth flood water release. ï?¬ Biodiversity Impact Assessment In an approach of expert consultation, opinions have been solicited from experts of wild animal and plants protection as well as administrative departments of the Nature Reserve, finally 6 indicators of biodiversity assessment have been defined: eco-system, biotic communities (habitats), population/species, main protection targets, biological safety and relevant interest groups. The experts and organizations assigned a weight to each indicator and scored according to the degree of impact. â‘  Impact on Eco-system A: Eco-system China Academy of Railway Science 327 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project A1 Type and uniqueness degree of eco-system The eco-system in the proposed railway region belongs to the forest eco-system type. The Nature Reserve land to be occupied by the railway include man-made forests and natural secondary forests with man-made larch, spruce, Mongolian scotch pine, poplar and natural Quercus mongolica, Juglans mandshurica, elm, Fraxinus mandshurica, locust tree, Aceraceae, silver birch, hankowwillow, Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Tilia amurnesis, Phellodendron amurense, Tilia mandshurica, Pobulus davidiana, etc. They are distributed in limited number of places in northeast China and Far East area. Degree of uniqueness Score Brief description ï‚™ Not unique (0-10 points) ï‚™ China, Far East (11-30 Logged trees and destroyed vegetation for the points) proposed railway do not include state first level protection plants and local unique plants, but include ï‚™ Northeast unique (31-50 16 state second level protection plants: Pinus koraiensis, points) Fraxinus mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, ï‚™ Jilin unique (51-70 points) Juglans mandshurica, Tilia amurnesis and Glycine ï‚™ Local unique (71-100 soja. points) A2 Impact on area of existing eco-system types in assessed region This project is located at the edge of the experimental area and will cross large area of forest in form of tunnel. Earth pits and spoil grounds will mainly occupy man-made forests, therefore it has slight influence on existing eco-system areas in the Nature Reserve. Before After Change Margin Type of land construction construction Notes (+/-) (%) (hm2) (hm2) a b b-a (b-a)/a Wood land 807621 807540 -81 0.01% Sparsely forested 18263 18263 woodland Shrubbery land 15129 15129 Young 26034 26034 afforestation land Agricultural land 136506 136156 -350 0.26% Water area wet 57305 57304 -1 land Other forestry 15395 15395 Other land for 68457 68889 432 0.63% construction Total 1144710 1144710 Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) Type of occupied forest lands is mainly man-made ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 18 forest. Natural forests are mainly broadleaved mixed forest. ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) 328 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project A3 What is the degree of the project construction influence on the above natural eco-system structure? The fairly structured forest eco-system is mainly distributed near the lakes and in Songhuajiang Three Lakes State Level Nature Reserve. The occupied forest land location has big human disturbance originally. The earth pits will be original exposed sand quarries. Spoil grounds will be mainly farm land, with 25% of the total area. 93% of forest land occupied by spoil ground will be man-made forest. The influence on the natural eco-system structure will be minor. Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) The proposed railway is located at the edge of the far lake area of the Nature Reserve. The ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 19 non-tunnel section has big human disturbance originally. This project will have minor influence on ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) the eco-system structure. ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A4 What is the degree of the project construction influence on the eco-system service function? The project construction has minor influence on area and structure of the forest eco-system, and thus a slight influence on its service function. Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) After the project completed, the forest land ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) will decrease by a small margin of 0.11% and thus 15 will have a minor influence on the Nature Reserve ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) forest eco-system service function. ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A5 Degree of influence on aesthetic value, economic value and cultural value of original landscape The new railway main line passing through forest land is 10.45% of the total length passing through the nature reserve. Earth pits has some influence on the landscape of the nature reserve. Temporary spoil lands after occupation shall be treated with general afforestation measures and thus will have no negative influence on the aesthetic value of the nature reserve. Therefore, this project has minor influence on aesthetic value, economic value and cultural value of the nature reserve. Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) The new railway main line passing through ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) forest land is 10.45% of the total length passing through the nature reserve. Therefore, it has minor ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) influence on aesthetic value, economic value and 22 ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) cultural value of the nature reserve. ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A6 Degree of soil erosion and possibility of occurrence of geological disasters in the assessed region? Influence degree Score Brief description China Academy of Railway Science 329 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) There’s minor or medium influence on soil erosion. If spoil ground has not smooth water ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 42 drainage, possibility of occurrence of geological ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) disasters is bigger. ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A7 Degree of decrease of green coverage in the assessed region? Green coverage in assessed region = green area in assessed region / total land area in assessed region × 100%. Occupied land area / nature reserve area ×100%=81/1144710×100%=0.007% Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) The decrease will be 0.007%, with a slight influence on the green coverage of the region. ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 9 ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) ï?¬ Weight and score of indicators Table 5-7-23 Summary of Scores of Eco-system Influence Indicators Influence degree score Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight (range 0-100) (score × weight) A1 16 0.15 2.4 A2 18 0.15 2.7 A3 19 0.15 2.85 A4 15 0.15 2.25 A5 22 0.12 2.64 A6 42 0.15 6.3 A7 9 0.13 1.17 Total 1.0 20.31 â‘¡ Impact on Biotic Communities (Habitats) B: Biotic communities (habitats) B1. Uniqueness of type of biotic communities (habitats) affected by the project? In the region along the proposed railway, there’re roaming animals like state key protection animals wild boars, roe deer and lynxes. There’s no inhabiting large wild animals. The proportion of occupied natural forest is small and the influence on type of biotic communities (habitats) is minor. B2. Project influence on biotic community (habitat) area? The proposed railway has a minor influence on biotic community (habitat) area. B3. Does the project affect the connectivity of the habitats? The proposed railway goes through the nature reserve with 44.9% length in form of tunnel and 20.5% in form of bridges. The occupied forest land will have a very small influence on connectivity of the habitats. 330 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project B4. What is the degree of project influence on key species (e.g. constructive species, dominant species) of biotic communities? The proposed railway has a slight influence on key species of biotic communities. B5. What is degree of project influence on biotic community structure? The proposed railway occupied land has no protection biotic communities. There’re mainly man-made forests and natural secondary trees and shrubs. The railway will have a slight influence on structure of natural biotic communities in the nature reserve. Indicator B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 Name of affected biotic Area loss If Key Community Uniqueness community (habitat) (hm2) segmented species structure Mouse Not unique 81 Not Frogs Not unique Not Wild boars, roe deer and Not unique Not lynxes Influence degree Separate scores Slight (0-10 points) Minor (11-30 points) Medium (31-50 points) 9 18 26 8 12 Major (51-70 points) Serious (71-90 points) Table 5-7-24 Summary of Scores of Influence on Biotic Communities (Habitats) Score of influence degree Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight * (range 0-100) (score×weight) B1 9 0.2 1.8 B2 18 0.2 3.6 B3 26 0.2 5.2 B4 8 0.2 1.6 B5 12 0.2 2.4 Total 1 14.6 â‘¢ Impact on Population/Species C: Population/species C1. What is degree of threatening of project affected unique species? Name of Distribution region Degree of threatening affected Northeast Pattern of unique Nature influence China, Far Jilin Small Medium Serious species Reserve East Pinus + + koraiensis Fraxinus + + mandshurica Juglans + + mandshurica China Academy of Railway Science 331 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Phellodendron + + amurense Tilia + + amurnesis Glycine soja + + Degree of threatening Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) ï‚™ Medium (31-50 The proposed railway has a minor influence on above points) species. 18 ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C2. What are the protection species affected by the project? Do they also exist in unaffected areas? Protection level Distribution Affected Within Within Northeast protection State Province IUCN CITES assessed Nature Jilin China, Far species level level region Reserve East 1. Plant Pinus + + + + koraiensis Fraxinus + + + + mandshurica Juglans + + + + mandshurica Phellodendron + + + + amurense Tilia + + + + amurnesis Glycine soja + + + + 2. Animmal Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) There’ll be minor influence on plant communities and ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 24 animal habitats in the nature reserve. ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C3. What is degree of project influence on food web/chain structure of important species (e.g. unique species, protection species and rare species)? Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) There’ll be a minor influence on food web/chain 22 ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) structure of important species in the nature reserve. 332 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C4. What is degree of project influence on migration, dispersal and propagation of important species (e.g. unique species, protection species and rare species)? Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) The project will have a minor influence on migration, 21 dispersal and propagation of important species. ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C5. What is the possibility of breakout of pests and plant diseases resulted by the project? Possibility Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (11-30 points) There’s a small possibility of breakout of pests and plant ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 16 diseases due to the project. ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-25 Summary of Scores of Assessment Indicators of Impact on Population/Species Score of influence degree Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight * (range 0-100) (score×weight) C1 18 0.2 3.6 C2 24 0.2 4.8 C3 22 0.2 4.4 C4 21 0.2 4.2 C5 16 0.2 3.2 Total 1.0 20.2 â‘£ Impact on Main Protection Targets D: Main protection targets D1. Influence on population quantity of main protection targets in the nature reserve Quantity Quantity Change Margin Name of species before after Notes (+/-) （%） development development a b b-a (b-a)/a 1. Animal å?ª Aix galericulata 0 0 Accipiter gentilis 0 0 Accipiter nisus 0 0 China Academy of Railway Science 333 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Quantity Quantity Change Margin Name of species before after Notes (+/-) （%） development development Accipiter virgatus 0 0 Buteo buteo 0 0 Buteo hemilasius 0 0 Buteo lagopus 0 0 Circus melanoleucos 0 0 Circus cyaneus 0 0 Falco subbuteo 0 0 Falco vespertinus 0 0 Falco tinnunculus 0 0 Strix uralensis 0 0 Asio flammeus 0 0 Felis lynx 0 0 Sus scrofa 0 0 Capreolus pygargus 0 0 2. Plant Number Pinus koraiensis -162 0 Fraxinus mandshurica -776 0 Juglans mandshurica -1365 0 Phellodendron amurense -76 0 Tilia amurnesis -107 0 Glycine soja -850 0 D2. Influence on area of habitat of main protection targets in the nature reserve Habitat area Habitat area before after Change Margin Name of species Notes development development (+/-) （%） (hm2) (hm2) a b b-a (b-a)/a 1. Animal Aix galericulata 0 0 Accipiter gentilis 0 0 Accipiter nisus 0 0 Accipiter virgatus 0 0 Buteo buteo 0 0 Buteo hemilasius 0 0 Buteo lagopus 0 0 Circus melanoleucos 0 0 Circus cyaneus 0 0 Falco subbuteo 0 0 Falco vespertinus 0 0 Falco tinnunculus 0 0 Strix uralensis 0 0 334 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Asio flammeus 0 0 Felis lynx 0 0 Sus scrofa 0 0 Capreolus pygargus 0 0 2. Plant Pinus koraiensis 0.1 0 Fraxinus mandshurica 0.5 0 Juglans mandshurica 2 0 Phellodendron amurense 0.1 0 Tilia amurnesis 0.2 0 Glycine soja 0.3 0 ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-26 Summary of Scores of Assessment Indicators of Influence on Main Protection Targets Score of influence degree Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight * (range 0-100) (score×weight) D1 15 0.5 7.5 D2 15 0.5 7.5 Total 1.0 15 ⑤ Impact on Biological Safety E: Biological safety E1. Possibility and hazard degree of invasion of foreign species (or harmful lives) resulted by the project? Possibility Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) There’s small possibility of causing invasion by foreign ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 24 species (or harmful lives). ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) E2. What is the possibility of loss of genetic resources in the nature reserve? Possibility Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) There’s minor possibility of loss of genetic resources in ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 15 the nature reserve resulted by the project. ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores China Academy of Railway Science 335 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-7-27 Summary of Scores of Assessment Indicators of Influence on Biological Safety Score of influence degree Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight * (range 0-100) (score×weight) E1 24 0.5 12 E2 15 0.5 7.5 Total 1.0 19.5 â‘¥ Impact on Relevant Interest Groups Interest groups mean citizen groups or organizations having direct or indirect interest relations with the project. Surrounding communities: rural communities with residents’ production and living more or less relying on the nature reserve. Assessment indicators: F: Relevant Interest Groups F1. Support degree for the project by different interest groups like local government and the community people? Support degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Highly rejecting (71-100 points) ï‚™ Majority rejecting (51-70 points) The proposed railway is beneficial to local government and community people and highly ï‚™ Opinion divergence (31-50 favored by them. For residential areas passed by the points) 22 railway and places for spoil grounds, appropriate ï‚™ Majority supporting (11-30 efforts for resident relocation and compensation shall be made. points) ï‚™ Highly supporting (0-10 points) F2. What is the degree of controversy about the project among different interest groups such as local governments, the nature reserve administration and community people? Degree of controversy Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (11-30 points) There’s basically no controversy among different interest ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) groups such as local government, the nature reserve 15 ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) administration and community people. ï‚™ Great (71-100 points) F3. What is the contribution of the project to direct investment for management of the nature reserve? Contribution scale Score Brief description ï‚™ Totally none (71-100 points) ï‚™ Basically none (51-70 points) The project may add product sales and tourism income of the nature reserve, which are used for ï‚™ Small (31-50 points) 45 management of the nature reserve. ï‚™ Big (11-30 points) 336 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project ï‚™ Great (0-10 points) F4. What is the contribution of the project to improvement of social and economic situation in surrounding communities? (incl. industry re-structuring, employment opportunities, health and sanitation, culture and education, and social security, etc.) Contribution scale Score Brief description ï‚™ Totally none (71-100 points) ï‚™ Basically none (51-70 points) The project construction may increase job opportunities, stimulate local economic development ï‚™ Small (31-50 points) 22 and facilitate industry restructuring of the nature ï‚™ Big (11-30 points) reserve. ï‚™ Great (0-10 points) F5. What is the degree of recognition of the project planned biodiversity protecting measures and restoring proposals by the nature reserve administration? Measures, proposals and Score Brief description recognition ï‚™ No measures (71-100 points) ï‚™ Big problem (51-70 points) ï‚™ Still to be improved (31-50 Biodiversity protecting measures and restoring points) proposals planned in the project have been basically 24 ï‚™ Basically recognized (11-30 recognized by the nature reserve administration. points) ï‚™ Totally recognized (0-10 points) F6. What is the risk of hazards to local people’s production & living and catching fire in the assessed region due to the project? Hazard and risk Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (11-30 points) The project during construction period may cause hazards to the environment. In fireproof period, ï‚™ Possible (31-50 points) 39 construction personnel shall avoid using open fire and ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) smoking, and eradicate fire potentials. ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-28 Summary of Scores for Influence on Relevant Interest Groups Indicator Score (range 0-100) Indicator weight * Indicator scale (score×weight) F1 22 0.15 3.3 F2 15 0.15 2.25 F3 45 0.15 6.75 F4 22 0.2 4.4 F5 24 0.15 3.6 F6 39 0.2 7.8 Total 1.0 28.1 ⑦ Biodiversity Influence Index (BI) and Degree Rating China Academy of Railway Science 337 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Table 5-7-29 Table of Calculation of Biodiversity Influence Index Score Weight Indicator Wi×Si Si Wi* A Impact on bio-system 20.31 0.2 4.062 B Impact on communities (habitats) 14.6 0.15 2.19 C Impact on population/species 20.2 0.15 3.03 D Impact on main protection targets 15 0.19 2.85 E Impact on biological safety 19.5 0.15 2.925 F Impact on relevant interest groups 28.1 0.16 4.496 Total 1.0 19.55 Calculation method of biodiversity influence index: BI=∑（Wi×Si） (i=A…F) The calculated biodiversity influence index BI=19.55. According to the situation of project biodiversity influence, the influence degrees are classified in five grades, i.e. slight influence, small influence, medium influence, big influence and serious influence. Table 5-7-30 Grading of Biodiversity Influence Degree Grade Sight Small Medium Big Serious Influence index BI<15 15≤BI＜35 35≤BI＜55 55≤BI＜75 BI≥75 (BI) Because biodiversity influence index BI=19.55<35, it is defined that the construction project has a small impact on biodiversity in the nature reserve. （3） Preventative and Protective Measures 1) Plant Protecting and Restoring Measures On the land to be occupied there’re natural Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Tilia amurnesis and Glycine soja, which are state level II key protection wild plants. According to quantities given in Table 5-2-6, these plants shall be transplanted to nearby empty land before construction. They may also be used for railway greening and environment upgrading by being transplanted on sides of the railway. 2) Temporary Engineering Optimization Since the railway line goes a long distance through the nature reserve, during construction, it can not be avoided that temporary facilities like construction sites, camps and spoil grounds are set up within the nature reserve. According to feasibility study documents, this project will have 6 spoil grounds distributed in the nature reserve. Among them, Nanshahezi Village spoil ground and Lianjiang Village spoil ground are located near DK26 – DK28 and closely adjacent to boundary of the nature reserve, with the nearest distance 2km to the nature reserve boundary DK24+800. These two spoil grounds are close to each other. In order to minimize impact on the nature reserve, this environment impact assessment suggests that the two spoil grounds are united into one and moved out of the boundary of the nature reserve. The other 4 spoil grounds are far from boundary of the nature reserve and main protection targets, and thus are suggested to keep. It is suggested that existing residential houses or factory buildings are possibly rented for other temporary facilities like construction site and camps, minimizing destroying of original land form in the nature reserve. 3) Preventative and Protective Measures in Construction Period 338 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project By enhancing construction arrangement design and coordination in construction stage, and reducing tunnel construction much temporary piling amount and time, to minimize occupation and destroying of earth surface vegetation. During construction, a construction boundary shall be defined with fencing means to prohibit random construction worker walking and vehicle running out of the boundary. Engineering wastewater and living rubbish are strictly prohibited to discharge into rivers. Construction material storage places shall be away from water. Various goods and materials shall have rain protecting means together with surrounding open ditches, silting basins and protective walls to avoid being washed into rivers. Living wastes during construction periods shall be cleaned daily and collected centrally, with food wastes ret for fertilizers and other wastes transported to refuse dumps for disposal. To avoid construction dust influence on growth of nearby vegetation, water sprinkling and covering measures shall be taken in areas of construction paths, construction sites and construction camps, preventing dust influence on wild animals and plants. At the end of construction, construction sites shall be cleaned up timely with no waste materials or facilities remaining in rivers. Ecological environment restoration shall be made at construction sites to avoid soil erosion effect on water environment. Construction personnel shall be strictly educated of environment protection sense and strictly prohibited to enter the nature reserve to destroy wild plants or kill wild animals. Warning signs for protecting wild plants and animals shall be set up on sides of the new railway. 4) Protecting Measures in Operation Period In operation period, sewage treating facilities at Jiaohe West Station shall be appropriately maintained to ensure station sewage is discharged according to the standard. （4） Opinions of Responsible Authorities Jilin Province Forestry Department, with its file No.[2010] 368 dated July 29, 2010 “Official Reply about Jilin – Huichun High Speed Railway Passenger Line Passing through Songhuajiang Three Lakes Province Level Nature Reserveâ€?, agreed the project line location proposal within the nature reserve. It also raised requirement that the project shall go through related national formalities, and shall minimize vegetation and environment destroy during construction and restore original form of the land for construction site at the end of the project. In conclusion, the project construction influence index of biodiversity in Songhuajiang Three Lakes Province Level Nature Reserve is 19.55. It indicates that, the project has a slight influence on biodiversity in the nature reserve, and with adequate protecting and restoring measures during construction and operation periods, the project construction is feasible. 5.7.6 Analysis on impact of engineering construction on Mingyue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve To have in-depth understanding of the engineering construction's impact on the major ecological sensitive areas along the line, and provide the scientific decision-making basis to the competent authorities, and in consideration of this project's certain impact on Antu Mingyue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve, the owner commissioned Forestry Survey & Design Academy of Jilin Province to prepare “Evaluation Report for New Jilin-Hunchun Special Passenger Railway Line's Impact on Biologic Diversity of An Tu Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve When Crossing Over Itâ€? report to forestry department of Jilin Province for approval. The following China Academy of Railway Science 339 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project section is written on basis of the above special evaluation report. 1. Overview of the nature reserve (1) overview Jilin Province's Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve is located in Ming Yue Basin at northern foot of Mt. Chang Bai Shang, in the northern part of An Tu County, in the middle westward zone of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, in the east of Jilin Province(See Figure 5-7-9). Its geographical position is 128°37′30″-129°9′45″E，42°56′10″-43°26 ′N，total area of 120,000 hectares. The reserve is adjacent to Long Jing City in the east，border on Long County in the south, and Dun Hua City in the west. The area covers Ming Yue Town, Shi Men Town, Liang Bing Town and southeastern part of Chang Xing County. This reserve was established in March of 1999 upon the government's approval. Figure 5-7-9 Scope of Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve The reserve is located in the Ming Yue Basin between Mt. Mu Dan Ling, Mt. Ying E Ling, and Mt. Ha Er Ba Ling. Northern edge of the Ming Yue Basin is the southern part of Mt. Ha Er Ba Ling, and its western edge is the foot of Mt. Mu Dan Ling, and its southern edge is main body of Mt. Ying E Ling. The basin's southern edge is the 800-1100-meter mountain barrier, forming the water-shed of Bu Er Ha Tong River and hai Lang River. Its western border is the 600-900-meter Mt. Zhong Shan, the water-shed Mu Dan Jiang River and Bu Er Ha Tong River。 Its northern border doesn't reach the water-shed, with only the elevated and crumpled edge of Mt. Ying E Ling in geologic history as border, and is composed of the 600-900-meter Mt. Zhong Shan. To the south of this border are mostly the steep hills and low mountains, suitable for red pine's growth, and to its north is the slow Mt. Zhong Shan's belt above 800 meters, suitable for growing red pine and 340 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project white pine. (2) Main protection targets This nature reserve belongs to the Forest/wildlife-type one, and is the important nature reserve for precious edible mushroom in Jilin Province, with pine mushroom as its leading protected kind. Key protection is given to the precious pine mushroom in preservation of the natural environment and natural resources. Also, this reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve with functions for resource conservation, scientific research breeding, production & sales, and econtourism. Main protected species include： ï?¬ Living environment of precious, rare and endangered species：The vegetation cover on the shady slope in the mountainous region above 800m in Ming Yue Basin is mainly composed of spruce and fir mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, and on the sunny slope composed of red pine or Japanese red pine mixed broadleaf-conifer forest. Special topography, soil and vegetation cover forms the distinct ecological environment in Ming Yue Basin, which can effectively regulate the air temperature, ground temperature and atmospheric humidity in the basin, forming the important ecological environment for subsistence and reproduction of many rare species like sable, red deer, black bear, goshawk , Manchurian walnut, Manchurian ash , cork-tree , etc. ï?¬ Japanese red pine forest -- precious tree species yielding pine mushroom ：Pine mushroom is the precious rare fungi with very high edible and pharmaceutical values, and the Japanese red pine is essential to grow the pine mushroom. As one of three natural Japanese red pine forests in Ji Lin Province, Ming Yue Basin is of great significance to protection of ecological diversity, restoration of damaged Japanese red pine forest's vegetation cover, development of pine mushroom production & sales, and scientific research, with high ecological, economic and scientific values. ï?¬ Other rich precious wild plants：There are 1250-odd kinds of plants in Ming Yue pine mushroom nature reserve, including 40-odd major economic plants, like red pine, Japanese red pine, sand-pine, etc. ï¼›in addition, there are abundant ferns, fungi, lichens , and pseudopodia. Among the above species, many are listed as state protected ones, like Manchurian walnut, Manchurian ash, cork-tree, etc. , which are all the important state protected plants with great ecological value. ï?¬ Precious wild animals resources：A great variety of wildlife live in the reserve with a very rich germplasm gene Resources. According to preliminary survey，there are 150-odd kinds of higher animals, 28 kinds of beasts, 101 kinds of birds, 8 kinds of reptiles and 8 kinds of amphibious animals. In which，sable is the state Category I protected animal, and red deer, black bear, goshawk, kestrel, hazel grouse, Strix uralensis, etc. are listed as the state Category II protected animal, which is very typical in China even in the world and is of important ecological significance. China Academy of Railway Science 341 Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project The pine mushroom growing area in the Ming Yue An Tu Pine Mushroom Reserve is mainly distributed where the Japanese red pines aggregate. They are distributed in Wen Man and Fu （ ， Xing in the southwest of the reserve 5~10km to the project line） Fu Shou and Dong Sheng in the South （above 10km to the project line）, and Qing Nong(above ï¼—km to the project line) in the north, all the above areas far away from this project line where only sporadic Japanese red pines are found. 2. Relationship bewteen engineering and reserve （1）Analysis of reasons for impossibility of the engineering to move around the reserve The principal control points on this sub-divisional line are locations of railway stations of Jilin-Hunchun Passenger Line in An Tu County, Yan Ji Urbanc Area and Tumen's Urban area. According to local government's opinion and the technical and economic requirements on the railway, An Tu West Station is set in the neighborhood of the county's government office building, and Yan Ji West Station is set in the Zhao Yang Chuan economic and technological development zone, Yan Ji City, and the existing Tu Men Station is introduced into the project in Tu Men, in which, the principal control points are An Tu County, and according to the reserve's plan, the whole An Tu county seat is within the scope of the reserve and An Tu County is an important economic foothold in this project, therefore, limited by the distribution of economic foothold along the line, engineering standards and topographical conditions along the line, the project can't move around Ming Yue pine mushroom nature reserve. The length of the line passing through the reserve is about 41.3 kilometres. See Figure 5-3-2 for relative location between the line and Songhua Jiang Three-lake Provincial-Level Reserve 342 China Academy of Railway Science Environment Impact Report for New Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project Figure 5-7-10 Relationship between An Tu Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve and the project line （2）Location Relationship between engineering and reserve's location Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Reserve is big, in which Changchun-Tumen Railway, No. 302 national highway, provincial highway and county highway pass through along the Bu Er Ha Tong Valley. The length of the line through the reserve is about 41.3 kilometres, mainly running along Bu Er Ha Tong Valley, roughly in parallel with the existing railways and highways nearby. Along the line are residential areas such as counties, villages and small towns, etc. , and along the line primarily the riverine area with low altitude. 3. Brief introduction of engineering in the reserve This project enters the nature reserve from No. 14 Forest Team at Liang Bing Town in west-to-east direction, then passes through Liang Bing Town，Dong Ming Forest farm, Ming Yue Town, Shi Men Town, Shi Men Forest farm, and exit the reserve at No. 73 Forest Team at Shi Men Forest farï½?，and the mileage passing through the reserve is DK200+000～DK241+300, and the pass-through length is about 41.3 km. In the reserve, there are 13 bridges, 6100m long（taking 14.8% of the total pass-through length）；17.5 tunnels, 2287m long（taking 54.0% of the total pass-through length）；and the proportion of bridge and tunnel is 68.8%. There is one station -- An Tu West Station （DK215+700.00～DK217+250.00）, 1550m long(taking 3.8% of the total pass-through length)ï¼› the railroad bed 11,363m long (taking 27.5% of the total pass-through length).It is planned to set 7 dumping grounds and 3 borrow pits in the reserve (all comes from muck discharging and used as temporary muck stock yard for railroad bed filling ) 4. Impact Assessment of the project on the Mingyue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve 1) Ecological status in the reserve 1) Biological diversity status ï?¬ Species diversity Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve has rich species, forming a certain size of germplasm gene resource pool and a complicated ecosystem with their living environment. According to preliminary statistics, Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve has more than 1250 kinds of plants, and nearly 300 kinds of animals, and a great variety insects, pseudopodia, lichcn, tungi, ferns , etc. , in which the tree and shrub fungi and lichens take a major proportion(See Table 5-7-31). There are also rich animals’ resources, in which many kinds are listed as state protected species but the state key protected wild animals and other important species are mostly distributed in sparsely-populated area, seldom affected by the engineering construction. See Table 5-7-32 for details. China Academy of Railway Science 343 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Table 5-7-31 Preliminary statistics of animals and plants resources in Ming Yue pine mushroom nature reserve Species of biological Number Representive resourrces resources 100-odd Ramaria flava , Hericium erinaceus , Tricholoma Eumycota species matsutake , Tie Shan ganoderma lucidum P.didactyla(With.)J.R.Laundon ， Nephroma 100-odd Lichens helveticum，cetraria islandica acharius, rasberry species lecideine 30-odd Broad-leave Campylopus flexuosus ， black tile Bryphyta species moss, Dicranum, funaria hygrometrica 50-odd Lycopodium clavatum, herba selaginellae, Pteridophyta species （L.） Equisetum pratense , Botrychium lunaria Sw. 1250-odd Japanese red pine , manchurian walnut , Trees and Shrubs species Mongolian oak, manchurian ash , cork-tree Hundreds of Eirenephilus longipennis , Coccinella Insecta species septempunctata , Exeristesoides spectabilis Eremias argus ， Takydromus septentrionalis, Reptilia 8 species Elaphe dione Chinese frog , Hyla immaculata ， Bufo bufo Amphibia 8 species gargarizans Goshawk , kestrel , hazel grouse , Cuculus Aves 101 species micropterus Mammalia 28 species Black bear, red deer , sable , red fox Table 5-7-32 Overview of state protected animal and plant species in Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve Class of protected Name of species Category species State Category II protected Animals Cervus elaphus plant State Category II protected Selenarctos thibetanus plant State Category II protected Accipiter gentilis plant Falco tinnunculus State Category II protected 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 plant State Category II protected Tetrastes bonasia plant State Category II protected Strix uralensis plant State Category II protected Plants Red pine plant State Category II protected Amur linden plant State Category II protected Fraxinus mandshurica plant State Category II protected Phellodendron amurensis plant ï?¬ Diversity of plant usage The timber wood plants in the reserve mainly include Japanese red pine, red pine, sand-pine , Picea jezoensis var. microsperma，Manchurian ash, Manchurian walnut, cork-tree, Amur linden, Mongolian oak, white birch , etc. The famous and precious medical plants mainly include ginseng , tangshen , Codonopsis lanceolata，radix platycodi , Lilium distichum Nakai, Ussuri fritillary, greater plantain, Chinese magnoliavine, wild ginger, sanguisorba, dahurian lily , inula flower, fiveleaf akebia, Bigleaf thorowax , etc. The food plants include Berries, nut fruits, wild vegetables, fungi, etc. There are Tricholoma matsutake, jelly fungi, turkey foot fern, Hericium erinaceus, red pine nut, siebold walnut, Actinidia kolomikta ( Maxim. & Rupr. ) Maxim., amur grape, and so on. Berries not only can be eaten freshly but also processed for wine-making, making canned foods and fruit juice beverages, etc. with a very Delicious taste and rich nutrients. They are pure natural food with very high values. In addition，the characteristic natural environment and a large number of lichens, pseudopodia, trees and shrubs in the reserve also provides rich materials for the studies in ecology, environmental science and biology and therefore this area has high value for the scientific research. 2) Status of vegetation cover Due to difference in topography and soil developing procedure, the vegetation cover in the reserve has the characteristics of vertical zone, which can be roughly divided into three types, and distributed in regions at different altitudes, respectively. On the bottom of the lowland, valley wetland or flat land at the altitude of 300-400 meters, the native vegetation is moss or wetland prairie. There are tall trees like white birch, willow, larch, 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 etc. , sparsely distributed. On the high land at the forest edge, there are rich herbs under the forest. The shrubs include Manchurian filbert, Schrenk mockorange, Euonymus altus (Thunb.) Sieb, etc. ï¼› Herbs include Fourflower sedge, Maianthemum bifolium, etc. Onthe low wet bottomland, and poorly drained wetland, and perennial marshland are growing the typical swamland plants, herbs mainly including small-flowered sedge and Meyer sedge，and shrubs including queen of the meadow, Ural falsespiraea, etc. Due to human farming activities, the native vegetation of the valley flat land on Ming Yue Basin only survive in very few areas while most of the other part have been reclaimed as farmland. At the altitude of 400-800 meters is the main part of the mountainous region in Ming Yue Basin, and also the major functional zone of the ming yue pine mushroom nature reserve. Now the vegetation cover is mainly secondary Japanese red pine -Mongolian oak mixed forest .As the Japanese red pine forest has long been chopped, the survived secondary mature forest is less than 40%, mainly composed of the secondary Mongolian oak, mixed with Dahurian birch, Ermans birch, Japanese elm, and Amur linden. On shady slope usually are white birch, aspen, etc. ，and the shrubs under forest is mainly the bicolor lespedeza, then filbert, Manchurian filbert, dahurian etc. rhododendron, Rhododendron megalanthum Fang f.， The herbal plants include radix platycodi, Changpai mountains ladybell, Fourflower sedge , etc. At the altitude of 800-1100 meters is the secondary broad-leave mixed forest. The white pine is mostly growing on the shady slope, and red pine or Japanese red pine mixed on the sunny slope. The broadleaf trees mainly include Mongolian oak, mixed Manchurian ash Japanese elm, Dahurian birch, etc. The tree age of white pines is mostly 30-50 years, and the Japanese red pines are usually 80-120 years old. The survived red pines are only at 5-20 age class. 3) Social economic status Total area of Ming Yue Pine Mushroom Nature Reserve is 120,000 hectares, in which, the forest land is over 80,000 hectares, accounting for 66.7% of the total areaï¼›100,000 hectares of the shrubs and tussock grass on waste mountain, accounting for 8.3 % of the total areaï¼›100,000 hectares of farmland, accounting for 8.3 % of the total areaï¼› 20，000 hectares of marshes, water surface , roadway, housing, etc., accounting for 16.7% of the total area. The reserve covers Ming Yue Town, An Tu County, Shi Men Town, Liang Ming Town, and Chang Xing Town, and there are total 69 villages, total 26,368 households, total population of 89,150 people, in which, there are 15 villages in Ming Yue Town, 14 villages in Shi Men Town, 17 natural villages in Liang Bing Town, 19 villages in Fu Xing Town and 4 villages in Chang Xing Town. The dwellers in the reserve make a living on forestry and relevant industries, and some of them work on plantation with the main crops of maize, soybean, paddy, sorghum, etc. 2) Construction environmental impact analysis ï?¬ Natural conditions of the nature reserve section passed through by the railway 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 The railway route goes in west-east direction and enters from Liangbing Town Compartment No.14 into the nature reserve, passes through Liangbing Town, Dongming Forestry Center, Mingyue Town, Shimen Town and Shimen Forestry Center, and leaves the nature reserve in Shimen Forestry Center Compartment No.73. The route direction within the nature reserve is substantially the same as Highway G302 and Changchun – Tumen Railway, which is also the flow direction of Buerhatong River. The forests along the route are mainly natural secondary forests with small quantity of man-made larch forest and Japanese red pine forest. Arbor tree species mainly include Quercus mongolica, silver birch, Aceraceae, larch, Japanese red pine, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurnesis, Tilia mandshurica, Pobulus davidiana, willow, etc. Shrub species mainly include Corylus mandshurica Maxim, Lespedeza formosa, Sorbaria kirilowii and elder bush. Herbaceous plants mainly include Carex callitrichos and Equisetum hiemale. There’re many villages along the railway route and rivers with a lot of human activities and few of wild animals like field mouse and frogs. On the land occupied by the project, there’s no densely distributed area of state key protection wild animals and no disturbance of state key protection animals. ï?¬ Environmental impact assessment ï?¬ Impact on Forest Eco-system â‘  Influence on eco-system by new railway land occupation The project will mainly have bridges, tunnels, subgrades, borrow pits, spoil grounds, construction sites and camps within the nature reserve. According to preliminary estimation, the project will occupy 83.0hm2 of forest land in the nature reserve. Site investigation shows that on the forest land to be occupied there’re state key protection wild plants like Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Tilia amurnesis and Glycine soja, and local unique species Japanese red pine. Matsutake in Mingyue Antu Matsutake Nature Reserve is mainly distributed in central distribution areas of Japanese red pine, which are mainly in Fuman and Fuxing (5-10km away from the railway route) south west of the nature reserve, Fushou and Dongsheng (more than 10km away from the route) in the south, and Qingnong (more than 7km away from the route) in the north. These three areas are all far from the railway route. The occupied land shows no central distribution areas of Japanese red pine, with only sparse distribution, which is not suitable for growing of Matsutake. Therefore, the project construction will not cause negative influence on Matsutake in the nature reserve. â‘¡ Excavation and backfilling during construction will destroy the vegetation along the route and occupy forest and grass lands, which brings exposed earth surface and thus changes of partial eco-structure along the route. Exposed earth surface under rainwash will show soil loss and decreased fertility, and hence influence partial stability of the eco-system. â‘¢ Influence on passing of wild animals The project total length within the nature reserve will be more than 40 km, including 11,363m subgrade with 27.5% of the total length, 13 bridges 6,100m long with 14.8% of the total length, 17.5 tunnels 2287m long with 54.0% of the total length (bridge and tunnel total 68.8%), and 1 station (Antu West Station) 1,550m long with 3.8% of the total length. The project occupied land does not involve habitats of key protection wild animals, and may only cause slight influence on animal activities. Bridges and tunnels will basically not influence passing of wild animals. The only influence might be the subgrades, which will cut communication between wild animals on two sides. There’re 31 culverts in the 11,363m subgrade within the nature reserve, with an average of 2.7 culverts per km of subgrade or 1 culvert in every 360m of subgrade. These culverts provide convenience for passing of animals on two sides of the subgrade, and thus there’ll be basically no influence on them. ï?¬ Impact of Waste Water Waste oil dripped for leaked from construction machines and outdoor machines washed by rainwater may cause pollution. Drilling bits from bridge substructure construction may pollute water. Living sewage and rubbish from construction 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 camps and stored construction materials under rainwash may pollute the water system. The above pollutions have slight influence, and may be reduced to acceptable degree through intensified measures, and won’t affect growth of wild plants and animals in the nature reserve. The project will set up Antu West Station in urban area of Antu County. During operation, the station waste water discharge will cause some influence to the nature reserve. ï?¬ Impact of Waste Gases During subgrade construction, large amount of dust due to excavation, backfilling, bulldozing, soil handling, cement and lime loading/unloading, transportation and mixing will dissipate into the air. Material transporting trucks and stored materials in wind will bring dust pollution. Especially when wind is strong or trucks are running fast, the dust pollution is even worse. According to investigation of similar projects in this region, construction waste gases will have very limited influence on wild animals and plants. ï?¬ Impact of Solid Wastes Tunnels necessary where the railway passes through mountains will produce large amount of muck. It is planned to provide 7 spoil grounds within the nature reserve and 3 temporary muck yards. Improper handling will affect forest vegetation and wild animals, and also affect land form, surface runoff and soil. Construction spoil soil and construction camp living rubbish, if disposed improperly, will cause some negative influence on the environment along the route. Bridge construction especially pile foundation excavation shall adopt proper spoil management with no random placement on riverside. It shall be put in designated places or filled in subgrade, avoiding riverside blocking and not smooth flood water release. ï?¬ Impact on Nature Reserve Biodiversity In an approach of expert consultation, opinions have been solicited from experts of wild animal and plants protection as well as administrative departments of the Nature Reserve, finally 6 indicators of biodiversity assessment have been defined: eco-system, biotic communities (habitats), population/species, main protection targets, biological safety and relevant interest groups. The experts and organizations assigned a weight to each indicator and scored according to the degree of impact. â‘  Impact on Eco-system A: Eco-system A1 Type and uniqueness degree of eco-system The eco-system in the proposed railway region belongs to the forest eco-system type. The Nature Reserve land to be occupied by the railway is natural secondary forest with poplar, willow, spruce, Mongolian scotch pine, Japanese red pine, larch and Fraxinus mandshurica. Distribution area of Japanese red pine is smaller than other species, and is mainly in limited places in Northeast China and Far East area. Degree of uniqueness Score Brief description ï‚™ Not unique (0-10 points) 16 Logged trees and destroyed vegetation for the 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 ï‚™ China, Far East (11-30 proposed railway do not include state first level points) protection plants and local unique plants, but include ï‚™ Northeast unique (31-50 state second level protection plants: Pinus koraiensis, points) Fraxinus mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Tilia amurnesis. ï‚™ Jilin unique (51-70 points) ï‚™ Local unique (71-100 points) A2 Impact on area of existing eco-system types in assessed region This project is located at the edge of the experimental area and the south boundary of the nature reserve. Therefore, it has very small influence on existing eco-system area in the nature reserve. Before Type of After construction Change construction Margin (%) Notes land (hm2) (+/-) (hm2) a b b-a (b-a)/a Wood land 76000 75917 -83 -0.11% Sparsely forested 500 500 0 woodland Shrubbery 2500 2500 0 land Grass land 1003 1003 Water area 3376 3376 0 wet land Other Total 0 Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) The new railway and spoil grounds will occupy 83hm2 forest land. Spoil grounds have some ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 26 influence to the eco-system. ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A3 What is the degree of the project construction influence on the above natural eco-system structure? The well-structured forest eco-system of the nature reserve is mainly distributed beyond 50m north of the road. The forest land to be occupied is located at the edge of the forest, and will have a minor influence on structure of natural eco-system. Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) The proposed railway is located in non-core ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 27 zone of the nature reserve, and will have minor ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) influence on the eco-system structure. ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A4 What is the degree of the project construction influence on the eco-system service 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 function? The project construction has minor influence on area and structure of the forest eco-system, and thus a slight influence on its service function. Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) After the project completed, the forest land 21 will decrease by a small margin of 0.11% and thus ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) will have a minor influence on the nature reserve ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) forest eco-system service function. ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A5 Degree of influence on aesthetic value, economic value and cultural value of original landscape Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) The proposed railway will be substantially 20 constructed along original roads and railways. ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) Therefore, it has minor influence on aesthetic ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) value, economic value and cultural value of the ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) nature reserve. A6 Degree of soil erosion and possibility of occurrence of geological disasters in the assessed region? Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) There’s minor or medium influence on soil ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 30 erosion. Possibility of occurrence of geological ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) disasters is very small. ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) A7 Degree of decrease of green coverage in the assessed region? Green coverage in assessed region = green area in assessed region / total land area in assessed region × 100%. Occupied land area / nature reserve area ×100%=83/76000×100%=0.11% Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) The decrease will be 0.11%, with a minor ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) influence on the green coverage of the region. 21 ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-33 Summary of Scores of Eco-system Influence Indicators Influence degree score Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight* (range 0-100) (score×weight) A1 15 0.15 2.25 A2 26 0.15 3.9 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 A3 27 0.15 4.05 A4 21 0.15 3.15 A5 20 0.12 2.4 A6 30 0.15 4.5 A7 21 0.13 2.73 Total 1.0 22.98 â‘¡ Impact on Biotic Communities (Habitats) B: Biotic communities (habitats) B1. What is the uniqueness of the affected type of biotic communities (habitats)? There’s no state key protection wild animals in the areas along the proposed railway. The railway will have minor or slight influence on Japanese red pine. B2. What is the project influence on area of biotic communities (habitats)? The proposed railway has slight influence on area of biotic communities (habitats) in the nature reserve. B3. Will the project affect connectivity of the habitats? The proposed railway will be located on south boundary of the nature reserve, and will have very small influence on connectivity of the habitats. Culverts will be provided as a means for small wild animals to cross the railway. B4. What is the degree of project influence on key species (constructive species, dominant species) of biotic communities? There’s slight influence on key species of biotic communities. B5. What is the degree of project influence on structure of biotic communities? On the land occupied by the project, there’re mainly natural secondary tree species and shrubs, with no biotic communities to be protected. The influence on structure of natural biotic communities in the nature reserve is minor. Indicator B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 Name of affected biotic Area loss Whether Key Community Uniqueness community (habitat) (hm2) segmented species structure Mouse Not unique 83 No Frogs Not unique No Influence degree Separate scores Slight (0-10 points) Minor (11-30 points) 15 16 Medium (31-50 points) 13 17 16 Major (51-70 points) Serious (71-90 points) Table 5-7-34 Summary of Scores of Influence on Biotic Communities (Habitats) Score of influence degree Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight * (range 0-100) (score×weight) B1 15 0.2 3.0 B2 17 0.2 3.4 B3 16 0.2 3.2 B4 15 0.2 3.0 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 B5 16 0.2 3.2 å?ˆè®¡ Total 1 15.8 â‘¢ Impact on Population/Species C: Population/Species C6. What is the degree of being threatened of unique species affected by the project? Degree of being Name of Distribution region threatened affected Type of Northeast The unique influence China, Far Jilin Nature Slight Medium Serious species East Reserve Fraxinus + + mandshurica Pinus + + koraiensis Phellodendron + + amurense Tilia + + amurnesis Japanese red + + pine Degree of being Score Brief description threatened ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) ï‚™ Medium (31-50 The proposed railway will have minor influence on above points) species. 21 ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C7. What are the protection species affected by the project? Do they also appear in un-affected regions? Protection Protection level Distribution species Northeast affected by State Province Assessed Nature IUCN CITES Jilin China, Far the project level level region Reserve East 1. Plant Fraxinus + + + + mandshurica Pinus + + + + koraiensis Phellodendron + + + + amurense Tilia + + + + amurnesis 2. Animals Influence degree Score Brief description 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) There’ll be minor influence on plant communities and ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 27 animal habitats in the nature reserve. ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C8. What is the degree of project influence on food web/chain structure of important species (e.g. unique species, protection species and rare species)? Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) There’ll be minor influence on food web/chain structure of ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 28 important species. ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C9. What is the degree of project influence on migration, dispersal and propagation of important species (e.g. unique species, protection species and rare species)? Influence degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Slight (0-10 points) ï‚™ Minor (11-30 points) The project will have minor influence on migration, ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) dispersal and propagation of important species. 29 ï‚™ Major (51-70 points) ï‚™ Serious (71-100 points) C10. What is the possibility of breakout of pests and plant diseases resulted by the project? Possibility Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (11-30 points) Possibility of breakout of pests and plant diseases resulted ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 17 by the project is small. ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-35 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Population/Species Influence degree score Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight* (range 0-100) (score×weight) C1 21 0.2 4.2 C2 27 0.2 5.4 C3 28 0.2 5.6 C4 29 0.2 5.8 C5 17 0.2 3.4 Total 1.0 24.4 â‘£ Impact on Main Protection Targets 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 D: Main protection targets D1. Influence on population quantity of main protection targets in the nature reserve Quantity Quantity Change Margin Name of species before after Notes (+/-) (%) development development a b b-a (b-a)/a 1．Animals Martes zibellina 0 0 Cervus elaphus 0 0 Selenarctos thibetanus 0 0 Accipiter gentilis 0 0 Falco tinnunculus 0 0 Tetrastes bonasia 0 0 Strix uralensis 0 0 2．Plants Tricholoma matsatake 0 0 Japanese red pine and Quercus 0 0 mongolica forest D2. Influence on area of habitats of main protection targets in the nature reserve Habitat area Habitat area before after Change Margin Name of species Notes development development (+/-) (%) (hm2) (hm2) a b b-a (b-a)/a 1．Animals Martes zibellina 0 0 Cervus elaphus 0 0 Selenarctos 0 0 thibetanus Accipiter gentilis 0 0 Falco tinnunculus 0 0 Tetrastes bonasia 0 0 Strix uralensis 0 0 2. Plants 0 0 Tricholoma 0 0 matsatake Japanese red pine and Quercus 0 0 mongolica forest Total ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-36 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Main Protection Targets Influence degree score Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight* (range 0-100) (score×weight) D1 23 0.5 11.5 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 D2 22 0.5 11.0 Total 1.0 22.5 ⑤ Impact on Biological Safety E: Biological Safety E1. Possibility and hazard degree of invasion of foreign species (or harmful lives) resulted by the project? Possibility Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (11-30 points) There’s possibility of invasion by foreign species (or ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 26 harmful lives), but the possibility is small. ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) E2. What is the possibility of loss of genetic resources in the nature reserve? Possibility Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (11-30 points) Possibility of loss of genetic resources in the nature ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) 20 reserve is small. ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-37 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Biological Safety Influence degree score Indicator score Indicator Indicator weight* (range 0-100) (score×weight) E1 26 0.5 13 E2 20 0.5 10 Total 1.0 23 â‘¥ Impact on Relevant Interest Groups Interest groups refer to citizen groups or organizations directly or indirectly relevant to the project. Surrounding communities: Rural communities whose residents’ production and living rely more or less on the nature reserve. Assessment indicators: F: Relevant Interest Groups F7. Support degree for the project by different interest groups like local government and community people? Support degree Score Brief description ï‚™ Highly rejecting (71-100 points) ï‚™ Majority rejecting (51-70 points) The proposed railway will benefit local governments 13 ï‚™ Opinion divergence (31-50 and communities, and is highly favored by them. points) ï‚™ Majority supporting (11-30 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 points) ï‚™ Highly supporting (0-10 points) F8. What is the degree of controversy about the project among different interest groups such as local governments, the nature reserve administration and community people? Degree of controversy Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (1130 points) There’s basically no controversy about the project among ï‚™ Medium (31-50 points) different interest groups like local governments, the nature ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) 19 reserve administration and community people. ï‚™ Great (71-100 points) F9. What is the contribution of the project to direct investment in management of the nature reserve? Contribution scale Score Brief description ï‚™ Totally no (71-100 points) ï‚™ Basically no (51-70 points) The project may add product sales and tourism ï‚™ Small (31-50 points) 29 income of the nature reserve, which can be used for ï‚™ Big (11-30 points) management of the nature reserve. ï‚™ Great (0-10 points) F10. What is the contribution of the project to improvement of social and economic situation in surrounding communities? (incl. industry re-structuring, employment opportunities, health and sanitation, culture and education, and social security, etc.) Contribution scale Score Brief description ï‚™ Totally no (71-100 points) ï‚™ Basically no (51-70 points) The project construction may increase job opportunities, stimulate local economic development ï‚™ Small (31-50 points) and facilitate industry restructuring of the nature ï‚™ Big (11-30 points) 26 reserve surrounding communities. ï‚™ Great (0-10 points) F11. What is the degree of recognition of the project planned biodiversity protecting measures and restoring proposals by the nature reserve administration? Measures, proposals and Score Brief description recognition ï‚™ No measure (71-100 points) ï‚™ Big problem (51-70 points) ï‚™ Still to be improved (31-50 Biodiversity protecting measures and recovering points) proposals for the project have been basically ï‚™ Basically recognized (11-30 21 recognized by the nature reserve administration. points) ï‚™ Totally recognized (0-10 points) F12. What is the risk of hazards to local people’s production & living environment and catching fire in the assessed region due to the project? 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Hazard and risk degree Score Brief description ï‚™ None (0-10 points) ï‚™ Small (11-30 points) The project during construction period may cause hazards to the environment. In fireproof period, ï‚™ Possible (31-50 points) construction personnel shall avoid using open fire and ï‚™ Big (51-70 points) 43 smoking, and eradicate fire potentials. ï‚™ Definite (71-100 points) ï?¬ Indicator weights and scores Table 5-7-38 Summary of Indicator Scores of Influence on Relevant Interest Groups Indicator Indicator (range 0-100) Indicator weight* Indicator score (score×weight) F1 13 0.15 1.95 F2 19 0.15 2.85 F3 29 0.15 4.35 F4 26 0.2 5.2 F5 21 0.15 3.15 F6 43 0.2 8.6 Total 1.0 26.1 ⑦ Biodiversity Influence Indicator and Degree Rating Table 5-7-39 Calculation of Biodiversity Influence Indicators Indicator Score Si Weight Wi* Wi×Si A Impact on bio-system 22.98 0.2 4.6 B Impact on Communities (Habitats) 15.8 0.15 2.37 C Impact on Population/Species 24.4 0.15 3.66 D Impact on Main Protection Targets 22.5 0.19 4.28 E Impact on Biological Safety 23.0 0.15 3.45 F Impact on Relevant Interest Groups 26.1 0.16 4.18 Total 1.0 22.54 Calculation of biodiversity influence indicator: BI=∑（Wi×Si） (i=A…F) The calculated biodiversity influence indicator BI=22.54 According to the situation of project biodiversity influence, the influence degrees are classified in five grades, i.e. slight influence, small influence, medium influence, big influence and serious influence. Table 5-7-40 Grading of Biodiversity Influence Degree Slight Small Medium Serious Grade Big influence influence influence influence influence Influence indicator BI<15 15≤BI＜35 35≤BI＜55 55≤BI＜75 BI≥75 (BI) Because biodiversity influence indicator BI=22.54<35, the construction project will have 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 a small influence on the nature reserve biodiversity. 3) Protecting Measures ï?¬ Plant Protecting and Restoring Measures On the land to be occupied there’re natural Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurnesis and Phellodendron amurense, which are state level II key protection wild plants. These plants shall be transplanted to nearby empty land before construction. Japanese red pine is a rare species of protection value. It may be transplanted locally to sides of the railway for greening and environment upgrading. Table 5-7-41 Table of Statistics of Transplanted Wild Plants Unit: stem number Total stem Main part of Temporary Tree species Protection level numbers construction construction Total 4125 3775 350 Fraxinus Level II 79 16 63 mandshurica Pinus koraiensis Level 3533 3523 10 Tilia amurnesis Level 135 25 110 Phellodendron Level 15 6 9 amurense Japanese red 363 205 158 pine ï?¬ Preventative and Protecting Measures in Construction Period During construction, a construction boundary shall be defined with fencing means to prohibit random construction worker walking and vehicle running out of the boundary. Engineering wastewater and living rubbish are strictly prohibited to discharge into rivers. Construction material storage places shall be away from water. Various goods and materials shall have rain protecting means together with surrounding open ditches, silting basins and protective walls to avoid being washed into rivers. Living wastes during construction periods shall be cleaned daily and collected centrally, with food wastes ret for fertilizers and other wastes transported to refuse dumps for disposal. To avoid construction dust influence on growth of nearby vegetation, water sprinkling and covering measures shall be taken in areas of construction roads, construction sites and construction camps, preventing dust influence on wild animals and plants. At the end of construction, construction sites shall be cleaned up timely with no waste materials or facilities remaining in rivers. Ecological environment restoration shall be made at construction sites to avoid soil erosion effect on water environment. Construction personnel shall be strictly educated of environment protection sense and strictly prohibited to enter Japanese red pine areas to pick Matsutake, destroy Japanese red pine trees or kill wild animals. Warning signs for protecting wild plants and animals shall be set up on sides of the new railway. ï?¬ Protecting Measures in Operation Period In operation period, sewage treating facilities at Antu West Station shall be appropriately maintained to ensure station sewage is discharged according to the standard. 5. Opinions of Responsible Authorities Jilin Province Forestry Department, with its file No.[2010] 367 dated July 29, 2010 “Official Reply about Jilin – Huichun High Speed Railway Passenger Line Passing through Antu Mingyue Province Level Nature Reserveâ€?, agreed the project line location proposal within the nature 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 reserve. It also raised requirement that the project shall go through related national formalities, and shall minimize vegetation and environment destroy during construction and restore original form of the land for construction site at the end of the project. In conclusion, the project construction influence index of biodiversity in Tricholoma Matsutake Nature Reserve is 22.54. It indicates that, the project has a slight influence on biodiversity in the nature reserve, and with adequate protecting and restoring measures during construction and operation periods, the project construction is feasible.   5.8 Ecological Protection, Restoration & Compensation Measures and Investment Estimation Investment estimation for ecological protection measures (including water and soil loss treatment measures) is given in Table 5-7-42. The total investment will be RMB437,742,900, among which RMB428,131,700 has been included in the engineering design. This assessment suggests that an additional investment RMB9,611,200 is added for protection measures. Table 5-7-42 Estimation of Total Investment for Ecological Protection Measures (incl. water and soil conservation measures) Unit: 0’000 RMB Engineering quantity Investme Yanbian Item Unit nt Jilin City Autonomou Sub-total Hilly land Plain land sub-total s Prefecture I. Engineering measures 39889.02 9538.68 30350.34 Embankm M7.5 stone masonry slope m3 620720.31 372432.19 248288.12 15280.62 3654.06 11626.56 e-nt slope protection protection M7.5 stone masonry drain m3 283073.54 169844.12 113229.42 6967.38 1666.11 5301.27 M7.5 stone masonry slope m3 482881.85 289729.11 193152.74 11888.31 2842.86 9045.45 protection Cutting M7.5 stone masonry drain m3 70767.69 42460.62 28307.08 1741.85 416.53 1325.32 slope protection Protectio Geogrid m2 6848821.70 4109293.02 2739528.68 3768 901.04 2866.96 n for rail line Topsoil stripping ×104m3 298.13 178.88 119.25 242.86 58.08 184.78 works II. Afforesting measures 877 209.72 667.28 Shrubs Stem 779067 467441 311626 95.5 22.84 72.66 Subgrade slope Arbor threes Stem 92250 55350 36900 363.4 86.9 276.5 protection Greening seeds m2 2285741 1371444.6 914296.4 418.1 99.98 318.12 III. Temporary measures 615.84 147.27 468.58 Temporary sand bag protection for m3 1935.26 1161.16 774.10 14.86 3.56 11.31 topsoil stripping Temporary grass protection for topsoil hm2 138.83 83.30 55.53 13.38 3.20 10.19 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Engineering quantity Investme Yanbian Item Unit nt Jilin City Autonomou Sub-total Hilly land Plain land sub-total s Prefecture stripping Soil drainage ditch m3 4127.97 2476.78 1651.19 3.6 0.87 2.74 Temporary sand bag protection for m3 23600 14160 9440 184 44 140 allocated earth and stone Temporary dense mesh covering for 0’000 2297.3 1378.38 918.92 400 95.65 304.35 allocated earth and stone m2 Investment sub-total 41381.86 9895.66 31486.19 I. Engineering measures 818.03 195.62 622.41 Stone masonry drainage ditch for Protectio m3 33230.76923 19938.46154 13292.30769 818.03 195.62 622.41 stations and yards n for II. Afforesting measures 101.7 24.32 77.38 station and yard Arbor greening Stem 7960.11 4776.07 3184.05 30.33 7.25 23.08 works Shrub greening Stem 579072.71 347443.63 231629.09 71.23 17.03 54.19 Investment sub-total 919.73 219.94 699.80 I. Engineering measures 40.53 9.69 30.84 Stone masonry intercepting and Protectio m3 1642.92 985.75 657.17 40.53 9.69 30.84 drainage ditches n for borrow IV. Land preparation works 152.92 36.57 116.35 pits Land reclamation hm 2 160 96 64 152.92 36.57 116.35 Investment sub-total 193.45 46.26 147.19 II. Afforesting measures 7.8 1.87 5.93 2 Protectio Grass greening hm 77.68 46.61 31.07 7.8 1.87 5.93 n for III. Temporary measures 29.82 7.13087 22.69 constructi 3 -on roads Soil drainage ditch m 48556.42 29133.85 19422.57 29.82 7.13 22.69 Investment sub-total 37.62 9 28.62 Total area hm2 6459.03 3875.42 2583.61 III. Temporary measures 3.93 0.94 2.99 Protectio 3 Soil drainage ditch m 6268.57 3761.14 2507.43 3.93 0.94 2.99 n for other IV. Land preparation works 122 29.17 92.83 temporar Surface recovering for hardened site hm2 62.85 37.71 25.14 y works 2 Land reclamation hm 127.61 76.57 51.04 122 29.17 92.83 Investment sub-total 125.93 30.11 95.82 Cost of vegetation transplantation of Songhuajiang Three Lakes Province Level Nature 120.0 120.0 Reserve Cost of vegetation transplantation of Tricholoma 250.0 250.0 Matsutake Nature Reserve Cost of ecological compensation and recovering of Salmon State Level Aquatic Germplasm 620.0 620.0 Resources Nature Reserve Cost of ecological compensation of fish resources 125.7 65 60.7 in Songhuajiang River, Jiaohe River, Kudanjiang 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Engineering quantity Investme Yanbian Item Unit nt Jilin City Autonomou Sub-total Hilly land Plain land sub-total s Prefecture River and Gayahe River Total investment 43774.29 10385.97 33388.32 5.9 Conclusion and Suggestions 5.9.1 Assessment on Ecological Environment Situation (1) In the eco-system of the railway occupied area, forest lands and farm lands are dominant with a percentage of 41.8% and 38.1% each. It means forest lands and farm lands are main control component for quality of ecological environment of the area. (2) Average productivity of the assessed area is 7.21t/hm2.a, much higher than the threshold value 1.82t/hm2.a of bearing capacity of an eco-system of same grade. It indicates that this eco-system has a big bearing capacity and the nature system stability is high. (3) Soil loss along the railway line is mainly slight and light water erosion. In the railway line passed region, Dunhua City and Antu County are Jilin Province key preventative protection area; Yanji City, Tumen City and Longjing City are Jilin Province Key Supervision Area; Jilin City urban area, Jiaohe City and Huichun City are Jilin Province Key Treatment Area. The region belongs to Northeast China Black Soil Area with a soil loss tolerance of 200t/（km2.a）. 5.9.2 Assessment on Ecological Environment Impact (1) After the railway has been put into operation, average productivity of the nature system in the assessed region will be lowered by 0.30 t/hm2.a from the present 7.21t/hm2.a to 6.91t/hm2.a, a percent of 4.2% comparing to the original value. (2) After the project has been implemented, the land use pattern of the assessed region will be partially changed, and areas and quantities of various vegetation types will subsequently change. However, forest land and farm land are still dominant with a total percent of 76.3%. Therefore, the project construction will have slight influence on the landscape pattern and will not change quality of ecological environment in this region. 5.9.3 Situation of Ecologically Sensitive Areas Main line of this project will pass through ecologically sensitive areas in form of tunnels and bridges. With adequate vegetation restoration measures and soil protection measures, it will not have big influence on Mingyue Matsutake Nature Reserve, Riguan Mountain Forest Park and Songhuajiang Three Lakes Nature Reserve. 5.9.4 Other Impacts Design of bridges of this project has considered given flood frequency, flood prevention, irrigation and drainage requirement. Selection of bridge span and headroom has considered crossed roads and rivers navigation, and ensure no influence on river flood prevention, irrigation & drainage, road traffic and river navigation. The project has taken corresponding protection measures for subgrade slopes, bridge/culvert abutment cones and tunnel side slopes. Reclamation and vegetation restoration measures have been taken to temporary works like borrow pits, construction roads and big temporary works, to effectively prevent development of soil erosion and reach corresponding soil retaining effect. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 5.9.5 Suggestions (1) Intensify supervision and management during construction period, and construct strictly according to the design. Constructors shall enhance their teams’ environment sense to ensure safe and environment-friendly construction with temporary spoils being placed at designed locations. Land for temporary construction use shall be strictly controlled in principle of consistency of temporary land and permanent land. Construction materials and machines shall be stored at designated placed and transportation vehicles shall run in designated routes, to minimize destroy to surface vegetation. (2) Subgrade slopes in forest parks, nature reserves and areas of high landscaping requirement shall have as much biological protection as possible. In sections difficult to plant grass, based on engineering protection measures, planting of climbing plants can be considered. (3) In bid invitation, the project owner shall include information for ecological protection into bidding documents to enhance construction personnel’s environment sense for agriculture, forest and water. Meanwhile, it shall also clarify responsibilities and obligations of constructors during construction period. Before kick-off of the project, the project owner shall invite related environment protection experts to train related persons of the project owner and constructors about environment related laws and regulations such as Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation and Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China, to enhance construction personnel’s environment sense and regulate their construction behavior and thus minimize destroy of surrounding ecological environment during construction. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 6. Evaluation of Acoustical Environment Influences 6.1 Introduction This newly built railway from Jilin to Huichun is located in Jilin Province starting from Jilin in the west and ending at Huichun City of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. It passes through the Chanyi District, Longtan District and Jiaohe City within the area of Jilin City, and the Dunhua City, Antu County, Yanji City, Tumen City and Huichun City within the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. This acoustical environment evaluation includes current situation and forecasting evaluation of sensitive buildings along the route to provide basis for noise control measures. 6.1.1 Ranges of Evaluation Based on features of this project and environments along the route, ranges of the acoustical environments evaluation covers all ranges the project involved in the direction of length and ranges 200m away to the central line of outer rails on both sides in the direction of width. 6.1.2 Evaluation Class and Working Contents According to Technical Guidelines for Noise Impact Assessment (HJ2.4-2009), working class of this acoustical environment evaluation is defined as first class mainly including the following contents: （1） Current Situation Investigation and Evaluation: evaluating environmental noise situation before completion of the project through site-survey, investigation and current environmental noise monitoring. （2） Forecasting and evaluation: evaluating noise degrees and ranges and sensitive points meeting the requirements or not based on related evaluation standards and forecasted environmental noise of the year of design within the zone to be evaluated combined with project features. （3） Noise Prevention Measures and Investment Estimation: according to the forecasting results, analyzing main noise sources affecting situation and the reason of sensitive points exceeding the standard so to establish the principle of noise control, make focused protection measures, analyze technological and economical feasibilities and estimate investments. 6.1.3 Evaluation Standards The standards applied to this acoustical environment evaluation are listed in Table 6-1.     新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Table 6-1: Acoustical Environment Influence Evaluation Standards Functional Zone Category  Category  Serial No.  Description    Range of Application  and Standard Values  Class 2 Zone: daytime 60dBA, 60m or above away from the  At night 50dBA central line of outer rails  Acoustical Environment GB3096â€?2008  Class 4b Zone: daytime  Within the rage of 30~60m  Quality Standard  70dBA,  away from the central line of  At night 60dBA  outer rails  Standards  Quality    HF[2003]  No.94:  Notice  of  Issues  on  Outdoor  area  of  especially  Environment  Noise  during  Environment  sensitive  buildings  like  school  Influences  Evaluation  of  Construction  and  hospital.  School  without  Daytime 60dBA,  Projects  including  Roads,  Railways  accommodation  and  hospital  At night 50dBA  (Light Railways)and etc.  without  inâ€?patient  department    don’t  require  noise  control  at    night.  Amended  Plans  of  Noise  Limits  and  Measurement  Daytime 70dBA,  30m away from the central line  GB12525â€?90  Methods  along  At night 70dBA  of outer rails  Discharge    Standards  Railway Routes    Noise Limits of  Defined  by  characters  of  Construction Sites  adjacent  sensitive  points  Construction sites and  GB12523â€?2008  within  the  construction  sidewalks  boundary  and  construction  working type    6.2 Current Situation Monitoring and Evaluating 6.2.1 Acoustical Environment Current Situation Investigation This project mainly passes through border areas of countryside and towns. There are 107 noise sensitive points along the route, of which 11 school and 96 residential areas. Based on project design files and filed survey results, scale and distribution situation of these noise sensitive points refer to Table 1 of Annex 3. 6.2.2 Acoustical Environment Current Situation Monitoring 1. Measuring Standards and Regulations Measurements of current environment noise within the area mostly affected by existing railways shall be evaluated as per GB 12525-90 Emission Standards and Measurement Methods of Railway Noise on the Boundary alongside Railway Line and TB/T3050-2002 Technical Regulations of Measuring Environmental Noise along the Railway Line. The evaluated area within the newly built railway is mainly affected by social life and traffic noise and the current environmental noise measuring shall be measured as per GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise. 2. Measuring Implement Plan （1） This acoustical environment current situation monitoring uses AWA6270B+ noise 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 statistic analysis meter. All meters for measuring (including source calibrator) shall be checked for qualification by Measurement Identification Department annually before using. The AWA6221 source calibrator shall be calibrated every time before and after using. （2） Measuring Time and Methods a) Sensitive Points on Both Sides of the Existing Railway Current Situation: select an typical hour within the period of daytime (6:00~22:00) and nighttime (22:00~6:00 next day) and measure the continuous equivalent sound level A of daytime and night time at the measuring points. Meanwhile, record exposed sound level, speed, train cars passed, sound level of whistling and working time of every train when it is passing through. Background Data: measure the continuous equivalent sound level A for 10min (measuring 20min within the area where traffic noise having obvious influences) within the selected typical period of daytime (6:00~22:00) and nighttime (22:00~6:00am next day) to represent environment noise level of daytime and nighttime. b) Sensitive Points on Both Sides of the New Railway Current Situation Data (Background Data): measure the continuous equivalent sound level A for 10min (measuring 20min within the area where traffic noise having obvious influences) within the selected typical period of daytime (6:00~22:00) and nighttime (22:00~6:00am next day) to represent environment noise level of daytime and nighttime. (3) Measuring and Evaluating Data Noise measurement of this evaluation is continuous equivalent sound level A and used as evaluation data. 3. Points Arrangement Principle Purpose of the environment noise current situation monitoring is to provide basic information for understanding current acoustical environmental situation alongside the railway line, and scientific data for forecasting the noise influences of different areas and sensitive points alongside the line after completion of the project. This project mainly passes through margin areas of countryside and town. Major current situation noises are existing noises of railway, social life, and road traffic. For the current environmental noise monitoring, monitoring section of all sensitive points shall be arranged on both sides of the railway. Therefore, the measured results can reflect the acoustical environment character of the evaluated area and provide scientific basis for railway noise forecasting. 4. Noise Monitoring Points Arrangement Statement and Monitoring Results There will be 107 sections arranged for current environmental noise monitoring. Monitoring points positioning and monitoring results see Table 2 of Annex 3. Monitoring section arrangement refers to Drawing 1 to Drawing 107. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 6.2.3 Acoustical Environment Current Situation Analysis and Evaluation We can come to a conclusion as follows based on the results of the current noise situation monitoring alongside the line. 1. Sensitive Points on Both Sides of the New Railway Line There are totally 94 sensitive points within the evaluation ranges of the new railway line on both sides, which includes 8 school and 96 residential areas. The current situation is mainly effected by social life and road traffic noises. （1）Residential Area Residential areas within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, current sound level is 40.7~60.4dBA during daytime and 29.4~49.1dBA during night time. Current sound level of four sensitive points exceeds the 55dBA limit value of Class I area during daytime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 0.6~5.4dBA higher than the standard. Current sound level of four sensitive points exceeds the 45dBA limit value of Class I area during nighttime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 0.1~4.1dBA higher than the standard. （2）School School within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, current sound level is 43.2~60.8dBA during daytime and 31.9~49.5dBA during night time. During daytime, the AIXIN kinder garden is located beside the main road of the village, the current sound level exceeds the 60dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 0.1~0.8dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, the 50dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) can be met. 2. Sensitive Points on Both Sides of the Existing Railway Line There are totally 13 sensitive points within the evaluation ranges on both sides of the new railway line, which includes 3 school and 10 residential areas. The current situation is mainly effected by railway noises. Based on the results of the current acoustical environmental situation monitoring and site survey for the sensitive points alongside the railway line, it is a common problem that measured values exceed the standards because the whistling noise has a noticeable effect. (1) Residential Area a) Within the range of 30m away from the railway to be built Current sound level of the area within the range of 30m away from the railway is 60.9~65.9dBA during daytime and 61.9~68.8dBA during nighttime. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 b) At the point of 30m away from the boundary of the railway to be built Current sound level of the area at the point of 30m away from the railway is 55.9~73.3dBA during daytime and 55.4~72.6dBA during nighttime. Within the existing railway sections where parallel to or across the new railway, the pure railway noise at the 30m boundary is 57.7~61.2dBA during daytime and 60.5~63.9dBA during nighttime. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Emission Standards and Measurement Methods of Railway Noise on the Boundary alongside Railway Line (amended edition) (GB 12525-90). c) Within the range of Class IV Area The area within the range of 30m~60m away from the new line on both sides , the current sound level is 53.7~70.4dBA during daytime and 49.8~69.3dBA during night time. Current sound level of one point exceeds the 70dBA limit value of Class 4B area during daytime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 0.4dBA higher than the standard. Current sound level of seven sensitive points exceeds the 60dBA limit value of Class 4B area during nighttime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 2.6~9.3dBA higher than the standard. d) Within the range of Class II Area The area outside the range of 60m away from the new line on both sides, the current sound level is 47.0~70.5dBA during daytime and 44.2~69.5dBA during night time. Current sound level of two points exceeds the 60dBA limit value of Class II area during daytime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 7.0~10.5dBA higher than the standard. Current sound level of four sensitive points exceeds the 50dBA limit value of Class II area during nighttime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 1.8~19.5dBA higher than the standard. (2) School School within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, current sound level is 47.5~70.6dBA during daytime and 46.9dBA during night time. During daytime, the current sound level of the TIEDONG kinder garden exceeds the 60dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 10.6dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, the 50dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) can be met. To sum up, the results of current acoustical environment monitoring of this project refers to Table 6-2. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Table 6-2: Results of Current Acoustical Environment Monitoring Along the Line Values exceeding the  Number of  Current Data（dBA）  standards（dBA） Number  sensitive  of total  points  Areas  sensitive  exceeding  daytime  nighttime  daytime  nighttime  points  the  standard  Residential Area  40.7～60.4  29.4～49.1  0.6～5.4  0.1～4.1  86  4  New  Line  School  43.2～60.8  31.9～49.5  0.1～0.8  /  8  1  Within 30m  60.9～65.9  61.9～68.8  â€?  â€?  6  â€?  Existing  Residentia LIne  30~60m  53.5～70.4 49.8～69.3 0.4 2.6～9.3 8  7 l Area  Over 60m  47.0～70.5 44.2～69.5 7.0～10.5 1.8～19.5 10  4 School  47.5～70.6  46.9  10.6  /  3  1    6.3 Forecasting Evaluation 6.3.1 Forecasting Methods Main noise source after the completion of the project is movement noise of train. Based on 'Notice of Printing and Issuing Guidance on Railway Construction Project Environmental Evaluation Vibration Source Strength Values and Controlling Principles' (TJ[2010]No.44), type method shall be used for forecasting to calculate railway noise sound level A of every sensitive points after the project starts running. 1. Forecasting Formula Basic forecasting calculation formula of the noise equivalent sound level Leq,T at the forecasting point caused by train running is: 1  0.1L C  0.1L  C         LAeq , p  10 lg    niteq ,i10 po ,t ,i t ,i   t f ,i10 po , f ,i f ,i      （formula 6â€?1）  T  i i    where:  T —— defined evaluation time in s;  ni —— number of type i train passed through during time period T;  teq,i —— equivalent passing time of type i train in s;  Lp0,t,i —— noise emission source strength of type i train on the maximum vertical direction,  as A weighted sound pressure level or band sound pressure level in dB;  Ct,i —— noise correction of type i train, as A weighted sound pressure level or band sound  pressure level correction in dB;  tf,i    —— working time of fixed sound source in s;  新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Lp0,f,i  ——  noise  emission  source  strength  of  fixed  sound  source,  as  A  weighted  sound  pressure level or band sound pressure level in dB  Cf,i ——noise correction of fixed sound source, as A weighted sound pressure level or band  sound pressure level in dB  2. Calculation of Equivalent Time tequila  Equivalent passing time of type i train teq,I is calculated as follows: li  d                               t eq ,i  1  0.8                                      （formula 6â€?2）  vi   li   Where:   li —— length of type i train in m;  vi —— running speed of type i train in m/s;  d —— distance between forecasting points to the line in m.  3. Train Running Noise Correction Ct,i  The train running noise correction Ci shall be calculated as follows: Ct,i = C t,v,i +Ct,θ+Ct,t +C t,d,i +C t,a, i +C t,g,i +C t,b,i +Ct,h,i+Cw                （formula 6â€?3）  Where:  C t,v, i —— train running noise speed correction, can be calculated based on analogy test  data, standard method or related information, in dB.  Ct,θ    —— train running noise vertical directivity correction, dB；  Ct,t    ——correction  of  noise  influences  from  railway  and  track  structure,  can  be  calculated based on analogy test data, standard method or related information, in dB;  C t,d, i —— train running noise geometric divergence loss, in dB;  C t,a, i —— train running noise atmospheric absorption, in dB;  C t,g, i —— noise attenuation due to ground effect of train running noise, in dB;  C t,b, i —— train running noise barrier diffraction attenuation, in dB;  4. Calculation of Fixed Sound Source Correction Cf,i  It will be sectional complete closed line after completion of the project without locomotive whistling, and therefore fixed sound source correction will not be considered during forecasting calculation. 5. Train Running Speed Correction Ct,v,i  Based on design information, target speed of passenger train of the main line is 250km/h; designed speed of passenger train of Changtu and Longshu liaison line is 120km/h; designed speed of freight train is 80km/h. 6. Railway Line Structure Correction Ct,t  All main line of this project shall be laid inter-sectional seamless line with a line 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 structure correction of 0dBA. 7. Calculation of Geometric Divergence Loss Ct,d,i  Train noise emission geometric divergence loss Ct,d,I is calculated as follows: l 2l 2 d arctan  2d 0 4d 0 2  l 2 C t,d ,i  10 lg （formula 6â€?4）  l 2l 2 d 0 arctan  4d  l 2 2 2d            Where:  d0 —— reference distance of source strength, in m;  d —— distance from the forecasting points to the line, in m;    l —— length of the train, in m    8. Calculation of Air Sound Absorption Ct,a,i                              Ct,a,iï¼?â€? α s                                                （formula 6â€?5）  Where:  ï?¡Â â€”— pureâ€?tone attenuation due to air absorption, in dB/m;  s —— sound propagation distance, in m.    9. Calculation of Ground Sound Absorption Ct,g,i  2hm  300                         Ct,g,i  4.8  17                                     （formula 6â€?6）  d  d  Where:  hm —— average ground clearance of propagation distance, in m;  d —— distance from the sound source to a receiving point, in m;  10. Calculation of Barrier Insertion Loss Ct,b,i   10 lg  3ï?° 1  t 2  , t 40 fï?¤ ï‚£1 1 t 3c 4arctan     Ct,b,i  ï¼?      1 t       （formula 6â€?7）  3ï?° t 2 1  40 fï?¤  10 lg  2 ln t  t 2  1  , t 3c 1 Where:  f —— sound wave frequency, in Hz;  δ —— sound path difference, δï¼?a+bâ€?c, in m;  c —— sound speed, cï¼?340 m/s.  新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 11. Calculation of Vertical Directivity Correction Ct,θ,i  Train running noise emission vertical directivity correction Ct,θ,I shall be calculated as follows: When      ï¼?10°≤θ＜24°,    Ct,θ,i =ï¼?0.012(24ï¼?θ)1.5    when          24°≤θ＜50° ,    Ct,θ,i=ï¼?0.075(θï¼?24)1.5                （formula 6â€?8）  when                θ＜â€?10° ,    Ct,θ,i= Ct,â€?10º  when                θ＞50° ,    Ct,θ,i= Ct,50º  where:  θ —— the angle between the direction of sound source to forecasting point and  the horizontal plane, in degree.  Note: the mathematical model of this formula is established based on the research information from ORE which an institute belongs to UIC. 6.3.2 Forecasting Technical Parameters Technical parameters for noise forecasting calculation are set as follows based on related design documents: i. Tracks Main line of this project shall use ballasted track. Changtu and Longshu liaison line shall be designed using heavy track with ballasted track structure. The whole line shall be laid inter-section seamless line. ii. Train Traffic This line and existing train numbers refer to Table 6-3 and Table 6-4. Table 6-3 Existing Train Numbers                                       in: pair/day  In the near future Future Current Situation  （2020 年） （2030 年） Section  Passen Passe Freig tot Passe Freig to Remarks    Freigh ger  total  nger  ht  al  nger  ht  tal  t train  train  train train train train Nearby  the  existing  Jilin  Station,  about  3.5km  Jiang Mi Feng  12/1 1 newly  built  passenger  11  23/26  2  12  14  4  15  ～La Fa  5  9  train  line  parallel  to  and  intercrossing  with  the  existing line.  Nearby  the  existing  Dunhua  Station,  about  3.5km  newly  built  La Fa  ～    12/1 2 12  24/27  2  14  16  4  17  passenger  train  line  Dun Hua  5  1  parallel  to  and  intercrossing  with  the  existing line.  Nearby  the  existing  Jilin  Dun Hua～  12/1 1 Station,  about  3.5km  Chao Yang  11  23/26  2  12  14  4  15  5  9  newly  built  passenger  Chuan  train  line  parallel  to  and  新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 intercrossing  with  the  existing line.  Chao Yang  14/1 2 Chuan  ～Yan  11  25/28  2  16  18  4  19    7  3  Ji  Yan Ji～Qu  14/1 3 10  24/27  4  24  28  8  29    Shui  7  7 Qu Shui～  24/2 5 12  36/39  5  34  39  10  41    Tu Men  7  1 Nearby  the  existing  Tumen  Station,  about  Tu Men～  3km  newly  built  2 West Hui    8  8  1  17  18  2  19  passenger  train  line  1  Chun    parallel  to  and  intercrossing  with  the  existing line.  Table 6-4: Train Numbers of This Line in Pair/Day Passenger Train  Section  In the near future  （2020）  In the future  （2030）  Ji Lin – Long Tan Shan  11  17  Ji Lin – West Yan Ji  70  95  West Yan Ji – North Hui Chun  23  34    iii. Forecasting Year In the near future: 2020; in the future: 2030 iv. Length of Train MU train of this project is designed to compose 8 and 16 units. The length of 8-unit MU train is 214m, and length of 16-unit is 428m. In the near future (year 2020), the flow rate of 8-unit and 16-unit MU is 53:17 from Jilin to Yanji, and 16:7 from Yanji to Huichun. v. Train Running Speed Based on design information, target speed of passenger train of the main line is 250km/h; designed speed of passenger train of Changtu and Longshu liaison line is 120km/h; designed speed of freight train is 80km/h. The forecasting speed of every sensitive point shall be considered the actual train running speed. vi. Traffic Distribution during Daytime and Nighttime Based on design information, passenger train flow rate of daytime and nighttime is 4:1 on the existing Changtu Line, while the freight train flow rate is 17:15. For this project, MU train flow rate of daytime and nighttime is 88:12 on the main line. The flow rate on Changtu and Longshu liaison line shall use the average value. vii. Sound Source Strength Target speed of passenger train of the main line is 250km/h using ballastless track. Designed speed of passenger train of Changtu and Longshu liaison line is 120km/h; designed speed of freight train is 80km/h. Based on 'Notice of Printing and Issuing 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Guidance on Railway Construction Project Environmental Evaluation Vibration Source Strength Values and Controlling Principle (2010 amended edition)’ (TJ[2010]No.44), the train sound source strength used for this evaluation refers to Table 6-5 and Table 6-6. Table 6-5: MU Sound Source Strength                                                                                                in dBA  Embankment Line  Bridge Line  Train speed, km/h  Ballasted Track  Ballasted Track  160  79.5  73.5  170  80.0  74.0  180  81.0  75.0  190  81.5  75.5  200  82.5  76.5  210  83.5  77.5  220  84.5  78.5  230  85.5  79.5  240  86.0  80.0  250  86.5  80.5  Line condition: highâ€?speed railway, seamless, 60kg/m steel track, rail level in good condition, concrete sleeper,  straight, embankment line; bridge line: 13.4m wide bridge, box beam, with 1m high protection wall.  Position of reference point: 25m away from the center of train running line, 3.5m above the rail level.    Based on design information, bridge line of this project has 12.2m wide bridge and 0.75m high protection wall, which is different with the bridge line conditions listed in Table 6-5 and therefore the source strength of the bridge line in the table shall be corrected. This evaluation forecasting increases 3dBA based on the source strength of bridge line in the table 6-5. Table 6-6: Sound Source Strength of Passenger Trains with a Speed of 160km/h or less Speed, km/h  50  60  70  80  90  100  110  120  Source strength, dBA  72.0  73.5  75.0  76.5  78.0  79.5  81.0  82.0  Line condition: Class I or highâ€?speed railway, seamless, 60kg/m steel track, rail level in good condition, concrete  sleeper, straight, embankment line; for the source strength of bridge line of normal railway, 3dBA shall be added  based on the value listed in the above table.  Position of reference point: 25m away from the center of train running line, 3.5m above the rail level.      6.3.3 Forecasting Results and Evaluation According to the relative position between major acoustical environmental sensitive points alongside the line and the line, type of lines in different sections, and train running speed, the acoustical environmental data of all sensitive points has been forecasted. The results are listed in the table and see Table 3 of Annex 3 for details. From the forecasting calculation, main sensitive points that acoustical environment exceed the standard are concentrated on high-speed running sections after the completion of this project. The reason is that train running noise source strength is relatively higher. Conclusion of the noise 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 influences alongside the railway line to be built in the near future (2020) is as follows. 1. Sensitive points on both sides of the new railway line （1）Residential Area 1) Within the range of 30m away from the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points within the range of 30m away from the new railway line after completion of the project is: 48.3~62.4dBA during daytime and 42.1~56.8 during nighttime, and respectively increased 4.2~18.7dBA and 8.8~24.4dBA compared to the current data. 2) At the point of 30m away from the boundary of the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points on the boundary of 30m away from the central line of the outer tracks of the new line is: 44.2~63.0dBA during daytime and 39.1~57.4 during nighttime, and respectively increased 0.5~21.4dBA and 1.9~27.0dBA compared to the current data. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Emission Standards and Measurement Methods of Railway Noise on the Boundary alongside Railway Line (amended edition) (GB 12525-90). 3) Functional Area a) Within the range of Class IV Area For the area within the range of 30m~60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 47.5~62.3dBA during daytime and 41.0~56.6dBA during night time, and respectively increased 1.3~18.1dBA and 3.5~23.7dBA compared to the current data. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental  Quality  Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008).  b) Within the range of Class II Area For the area outside the range of 60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 44.1~58.7dBA during daytime and 35.2~52.8dBA during night time, and respectively increased 0.4~15.6dBA and 1.3~21.1dBA compared to the current data. The data of daytime meet the 60dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008). During nighttime, there are 40 sensitive points exceed the 50dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008) with 1.9~2.8dBA higher than the standard. (2) School There are 8 schools within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 46.2~61.1dBA during daytime and 37.9~50.7dBA during night time, and respectively increased 0.3~11.9dBA and 1.1~17.4dBA compared to the current data. During daytime, the forecasted data of Aixin Kinder Garden exceed the 60dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental  Quality  Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008) for class II area with 0.7~1.1dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, the forecasted data of No.2 Yanbian Special Education School and Aixin Kinder Garden exceed the 50dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008)  for class II area with 0.6~0.7dBA higher than the standard. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 2. Sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway line The acoustical environment alongside the existing railway line is comparatively seriously influenced by train whistling since the existing railway is not enclosed. The new line will be a sectional complete closed line after completion, the train whistling noise influences will be greatly weakened. Therefore, the forecasting data of the sensitive points affected by the existing line will be decreased comparing to the current value. Among those points, including Yuyuan Residential Area, Weibei Residential Area, Liaodong San Residential Area, Xintiandi Department, Weiye Garden Residential Area, Huaxi Yayuan, New Changbei Residential Area, Yong’an village (on the right side of the railway), Bohai Street Aimin Bystreet, and six places like the special education school for disables in the Yumen City, are closer to the new line than to the existing line. Their forecasting data is relatively decreased less with 0.1~2.6dBA during daytime and 0.6~9.7dBA during nighttime. Zhushi Juyi Residential Area, Liaodong Yi Residential Area, the shanty town, Yong’an Village (on the left side of the line), Tielu Residential Area, Tiedong Community, Linjian Village, six places in Bajiazi Village are future to the new line than to the existing line. Their forecasting data is relatively decreased more with 0.1~13.4dBA during daytime and 0.6~20.8dBA during nighttime. The Elementary School of Jiefang Dong Road, and Tiedong Kinder Garden are affected by the existing railway and roads, road noise is even louder. Therefore, the forecasting data is basically same as the current data. (1) Residential Area 1) Within the range of 30m away from the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points within the range of 30m away from the new railway line after completion of the project is: 54.8~60.5dBA during daytime and 49.3~54.8 during nighttime, and respectively decreased 0.5~11.1dBA and 8.9~19.5dBA compared to the current data. 2) At the point of 30m away from the boundary of the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points on the boundary of 30m away from the central line of the outer tracks of the new line is: 50.2~63.0dBA during daytime and 47.7~57.4 during nighttime, and respectively decreased 0.1~13.4dBA and 4.4~20.8dBA compared to the current data. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Emission Standards and Measurement Methods of Railway Noise on the Boundary alongside Railway Line (amended edition) (GB 12525-90). 3) Functional Area a) Within the range of Class IV Area For the area within the range of 30m~60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 50.3~70.3dBA during daytime and 44.1~59.4dBA during night time, and respectively decreased 0.1~10.7dBA and 3.2~18.6dBA. During nighttime, there is one sensitive point exceeds the 70dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for Class 4b area with 0.3dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, all meet the 60dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008) for Class 4b area. b) Within the range of Class II Area For the area outside the range of 60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 45.5~70.5dBA during daytime and 36.0~59.2dBA during night time, and 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 respectively decreased 0.2~10.0dBA and 0.6~18.6dBA compared to the current data. During daytime, there are two sensitive points exceed the 60dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for class II area with 0.8~10.5dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, there are two sensitive points exceed the 50dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for class II area with 9.1~9.2dBA higher than the standard. (2) School There are 3 schools within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 47.4~70.7dBA during daytime and 39.9dBA during night time, and respectively decreased 0.1dBA and 7.0dBA compared to the current data. During daytime, the forecasted data of Tiedong Kinder Garden exceed the 60dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for class II area with 10.7dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, all meet the 50dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for class II area. To sum up, the forecasting noise results of the project running in the near future refer to Table 6-7. Table 6-7: Forecasting Noise Results of the Project Running in the Near Future Forecasting data in the near  Values exceeding the  Number of  Number of  future  （dBA）  standards（dBA）  sensitive points  Section  sensitive  exceeding the  Daytime  Nighttime  Daytime  Nighttime    points  standard  Within 30m  48.3～62.4  42.1～56.8  â€?  â€?  49  â€?  Reside Area  ntial  New Line  30~60m  47.5～62.3  41.0～56.6 / / 69  / Outside 60m  44.1～58.7  35.2～52.8  /  1.9～2.8  86  69  0.7～ Schools    46.2～61.1  37.9～50.7  0.6～0.7  8  2  1.1  Within 30m  54.8～60.5  49.3～54.8 â€? â€? 6  â€? Existing line  Reside 30~60m  50.3～70.3  44.1～59.4 0.3 / 8  1 ntial  0.8～ Area  Outside 60m  45.5～70.5  36.0～59.2  9.1～9.2  10  2  10.5  Schools    47.4～70.7  39.9  10.7  /  3  1    6.3.4 Typical Railway Line Noise Forecasting Values and Protection Distance This evaluation forecasts noise sound level and protection control distance under the typical condition of this project to provide references for land use and planning alongside the railway line. Under uncovered condition, pure railway noise forecasting data and protection control distance of this project refer to Table 6-8 and Table 6-9. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Table 6-8: Railway Noise Forecasting Data of Typical Embankment and Bridge Line 30m  60m  120m  200m  height  Section  Line Type  Night  Night  Night  Night  （m）  daytime  daytime  daytime  daytime  time  time  time  time  Jilin â€?  embankment  4  65.1  59.5  59.5  53.8  55.3  49.6  52.3  46.7  Yanji  bridge  11  61.9  56.3  58.8  53.2  53.4  47.8  50.0  44.3  Yanji â€?  embankment  4  60.4  55.3  54.8  49.6  50.6  45.4  47.7  42.6  Huichun  bridge  11  57.2  52.1  54.1  49.0  48.7  43.5  45.3  40.2  Note:      1. Forecasting line condition is seamless line.      2. Forecasting environmental condition is open, no building obstacle.      Table 6-9: Noise Influences Protection Control Distance of Typical Embankment and Bridge Lines Control Distance（m）  Height  Section    Line Type  Daytime  Nighttime  （m）  70dBA  60dBA  70dBA  60dBA  50dBA  4  <30  48  <30  <30  94  Embankment  6  <30  52  <30  <30  99  8  <30  56  <30  <30  104  Jilinâ€?Yanji  11  <30  <30  <30  <30  77  Bridge  18  <30  <30  <30  <30  84  22  <30  <30  <30  <30  86  4  <30  <30  <30  <30  49  Embankment  6  <30  <30  <30  <30  53  8  <30  <30  <30  <30  57  Yanjiâ€?Huichun  11  <30  <30  <30  <30  31  Bridge  18  <30  <30  <30  <30  <30  22  <30  <30  <30  <30  <30  Note:      1. Control distance is the distance to the central line of the outer tracks.  2. Forecasting line condition is seamless line.      3. Forecasting environmental condition is open, no building obstacle.    Based on Table 6-9, it is recommended not to build or expand noise sensitive buildings like school, hospital and residential areas within the range 104m of both sides of embankments and 86m of both sides of bridges. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 6.4 Noise Pollution Protection Measures 6.4.1 Technical and Economical Comparison of Noise Pollution Protection Measures At present, railway noise pollution is mainly protected and controlled from three aspects: noise source, transmission way, and sensitive points. Besides using low-noise vehicle, tracks and rail bed and etc source control measures, transmission way control such as setting sound barrier and green belt and sound receiving point protection such as function replacement of sensitive houses and building sound insulation are also popular measures. Technical and economical comparison of various noise pollution protection measures refers to table 6-10. Table 6-10: Technical and Economical Comparison of Noise Pollution Protection Measures Technical  Measures  Analysis    Suitable sensitive point type  comparison  Improve  Reduce noise source  Require  higher  Whole line noise protection and  locomotive  fundamentally  technology    control  performances  Noise reduction of  Reduce noise source  Require higher  Whole line noise protection and  track structure  fundamentally  technology  control  Noise  reduction  6~8dBA,  Applied  to  embankment  and  bridge  improving  indoor  and  sections,  where  closer  to  railway  line,  outdoor  acoustical  building  density  relatively  high,  Setting sound  environment  without  Technology feasible  sensitive  buildings  mainly  are  medium  barrier  affecting  social  life,  but  shall  and  low  height.  Having  little  effect  on  watch  type  of  the  barrier  sensitive  points  relatively  far  away  matching the surroundings    from the line  Noise  reduction  more  than  Applied  to  small  size,  house  loosely  Having  certain  Setting sound  25dBA,  but  affecting  vision  arranged  residential  area;  or  noise  impact  on  social  insulation window  and  ventilation  and  having  reduction  is  great  and  sound  barrier  life  influences on social life  cannot meet the requriement  Beautifying  10m wide green belt combing  environment,  arbor  and  shrub  can  reduce  Spare land available in the boundary of  alleviating  vision  noise  1~2dBA;  30m  wide  railway land. It is not recommended to  fatigue,  and  having  Setting green belt  green  belt  can  reduce  noise  use extra land for green belt since land  limit  noise  2~3dBA;  this  can  beautify  sources  alongside  the  line  are  reduction  result,  environment  but  require  extremely precious.  shall be used as an  more land and removal work.  assistant measure  It is hard to satisfy the original function  Sensitive points  after  engineering  measures  have  been  Avoiding  railway  noise  function  taken;  or  applied  to  small  size,  old  influences fundamentally, but  Require reâ€?settling  replacement and  architectural  sensitive  points  and  can  more difficult to implement  removing  be  considered  together  with  vibration  protection.    6.4.2 Principles of Noise Pollution Protection and Basis of Choosing Measures Based on the principle of national environmental protection ‘prevention first, combining prevention with control, taking comprehensive control measures’ and ‘who created pollution who 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 should take the responsibilities’, along with the strategy policy of ‘social benefits combining with economical and environmental benefits’, combining with the characters of this project, environmental conditions alongside the line, size and characters and of sensitive points as well as ranges and degrees affected by railway noise, corresponding measures shall be taken to prevent and control noise pollution. Foundation of Choosing Noise Pollution Protection and Control Measures: （1）For those sensitive points closer to the line, buildings having bigger size and centralized arranged, setting sound barrier has the highest priority as prevention and control measure to ensure acoustical environment quality of the section. （2）For those sensitive points relatively far from the line, buildings having smaller size and loosely arranged, architectural sound insulation shall be used, i.e. setting ventilation and sound insulation windows as prevention and control measure. For those sensitive points located at 30m away to the central line of outer tracks of the railway to be built whose forecasting data during daytime and nighttime meet the 70dBA/70dBA standard limit requirement defined by Emission Standards and Measurement  Methods  of  Railway Noise  on  the Boundary  alongside  Railway Line  (amended edition) (GB  12525â€?90), but exceed the 70dBA/60dBA standard limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for class IV area, and those sensitive points outside 60m away form the central line of outer tracks whose forecasting data during daytime and nighttime meet the 70dBA/60dBA standard limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008)  for class IV area but exceed the 60dBA/50dBA standard limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise (GB3096â€?2008)  for class II area, corresponding noise prevention and control measures shall be taken according to the size of their buildings. 6.4.3 Noise Pollution Protection and Control Measures Based on the above noise pollution control principles, combining with characters of this project, situation of sensitive points exceeding the standard and environmental conditions alongside the line, proper noise pollution prevention and control measures shall be taken for the sensitive points. The measures taken and investment refer to Table 4 of Annex 3. There are 71 sensitive points exceeding the standard alongside the line with 0.3~10.7dBA higher than the standard during daytime and 0.6~9.2dBA higher than the standard during nighttime. Along the whole line, 44 places toalling710 families involved in moving require an investment of 140.75 million yuan. 56 sound barriers totaling 33,600m shall be set which will cost 113.2885 million yuan. 15 insulation windows totaling 1,060m2 shall be installed which requires an investment of 0.53million yuan. It will spend 254.5685 million yuan to invest on noise pollution prevention and control for the whole line. Sound level of all sensitive points will meet the functional requirements after the above measures have been taken.   6.5 Construction Noise Environment Influences Evaluation 6.5.1 Sound Source Analysis Main work of this line includes subgrade construction, bridge and tunnel construction, and station 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 construction. During construction, fixed sound source like bulldozer, excavating machine, pile driver and flow source like transit mixer truck, road roller and various transporting vehicles will produce very loud noise. Noise of main construction machine and transporting refer to table 6-11.                 Table 6-11: Noise of Construction Machine and Transportation                  in: dB  Distance between  Construction  Description  measuring point and  A sound level  Average value    Period  noise source  （m）  Bulldozer    10  78～96  88  Excavating machine  10  76～84  80  Loading machine  10  81～84  82  Earthwork    Rock drill  10  82～85  83  Road breaking  10  80～92  85  machine  Truck    10  75～95  85  Diesel piling  10  90～109  100  Piling    Drop hammer piling  10  93～112  105  Grader    10  78～86  82  Road roller  10  75～90  83  Rivet machine  10  82～95  88  Constructing  Concrete mixer  10  75～88  82  Generator    10  75～88  82  Air compressor  10  80～98  88  Vibrorammer    10  70～82  76  Hoister    10  84～86  85  Decorating    Heavy cranes  10  85～95  90    6.5.2 Noise Standard of Construction Field Working noise of different period of construction refers to Table 6-12. 新建å?‰æž—至ç?²æ˜¥é“?路环境影å“?报告书 Table 6â€?12: Noise Limit of Construction Field  in: leg (dB)  Construction  Noise limit  Main noise source  period  Daytime    Nighttime    Earthwork    Bulldozer, excavating machine, loading machine 75  55  Construction  Piling    Various piling machine  85  prohibited  Constructing    Concrete mixer, vibrorammer, electrical saw  70  55  Decorating    Crane, lifter  65  55    6.5.3 Control Distance from Construction Machine to Construction Field All machine used for construction shall try to meet of requirements of distance control and equivalent sound level limit of construction field. Working machine of different construction period requires certain working space when start running. Certain working space is provided when construction machine is operating and therefore noise source is point source. The equivalent continuous sound level A of the forecasting point can be calculated as follows: 1 n C )  Leq ,T  10 lg   ni t eq ,i 10 p 0 ,i i  0.1( L      T i 1   Noise attenuation formula is as follows: LA=LOâ€?20lg(rA/r0)  Where:              LA – sound level of the place having a distance of rA to the sound source, in dB;    LO â€? sound level of the place having a distance of r0 to the sound source, in dB;  Control distance of construction machine to the boundary of construction field shall be calculated based on the actual situation of various machines. The working time is calculated on 8, 10 and 12 hours during daytime and 1, 2, 3 hours during nighttime. Construction machine is calculated on 1, 2 and 3. Control distance of construction machine is calculated and given in Table 6-13.    Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project   Table 6â€?13: Estimated Control Distance of Typical Construction Machine            Unit: m  Limit of  Two  Three  boundary of  Working time  One machine  machines  machines  constructio （hour）  working  working  working  Constructio n field（dB）   Night time  Night time  Night time  Night time  Night time  n machine  daytime  daytime  daytime  daytime  daytime  8  1  32  158  45  223  55  274  Bulldozer    75  55  10  2  35  223  50  316  61  387  12  3  39  274  55  387  67  474  8  1  22  112  32  158  39  194  Road  breaking  75  55  10  2  25  158  35  224  43  274  machine  12  3  27  194  39  274  47  335  Loading  8  1  18  89  25  126  31  154  machine,  road  75  55  10  2  20  126  28  178  34  218  breaking  12  3  22  154  31  218  38  266  machine  Grader,  8  1  28  79  40  112  49  137  road roller,  generator,  70  55  10  2  31  112  45  158  55  194  concrete  12  3  34  137  49  194  60  237  mixer    6.5.4 Policy of Construction Noise Prevention and Control If environmental noise pollution produced during construction, the construction company shall take corresponding noise reduction measures according to Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, Noise Limit on the Boundary of Construction Field and relative local regulations. (1) Arrange construction fields reasonably which shall be away from residential area and etc sensitive points as far as possible. Construction machines shall be arranged reasonably within the boundary of construction field. Machines producing louder noise shall be arranged on the further side of the field away from the residential area. (2) Plan construction fields rationally and scientifically. Based on actual field distribution or estimated field noise, noise reduction measures, such as anti-vibration pad, covering and acoustic hood, shall be taken if noise exceeds the standard, especially on the side where sensitive points located. (3) Schedule working time rationally. Operating occurring louder noise shall be scheduled during daytime. If it requires continuous operation or has special demands due to production technology which has to work during 22:00pm to 6:00am, construction company and owner shall apply for approval from local construction administrative authority and environmental protection authority before construction begins. Construction China Academy of Railway Science 382 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project during nighttime shall not began until approved. Construction company and builders shall notice the residents and companies around the construction field and announce the construction period. （4） Measures shall be taken to reduce construction noises as much as possible when working at night. There shall be corresponding management system and noise reduction measures for man-made noises which shall be strictly controlled. Vehicles that transports material at night are not allowed to blow the horn when entering the construction field. Loading and unloading shall be handled with care to reduce noise as much as possible. （5） Plan construction access road and passing time for trucks reasonably which shall not pass through villages or shall be away from villages to reduce transportation noise impacts on residents. （6） Do enough propaganda work and advocate scientific management and civilized construction. Construction company shall come to an understanding with local government and residents before construction begins. Meanwhile, construction workers shall be educated with environmental protection concept to reduce man-made noise pollution during construction. （7） Environmental management and monitoring plan has been made in this report which shall be strictly followed by all related construction companies during construction.   6.6 Conclusion of Acoustical Environment Evaluation There are totally 107 sensitive points distributed in the evaluation ranges alongside the line including 11 schools and 96 residential areas. 6.6.1 Evaluation of Current Situation 1. Sensitive Points on both sides of the new line There are totally 94 sensitive points within the evaluation ranges of the new railway line on both sides, which includes 8 schools and 96 residential areas. The current situation is mainly effected by social life and road traffic noises. Current sound level is 40.7~60.8dBA during daytime and 29.4~49.5dBA during night time. During daytime, all sensitive points meet the 60dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) except for the AIXIN Kinder Garden. It is located beside the main road of the village, current sound level during daytime is 60.1~60.8dBA exceeding the 60dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 0.1~0.8dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, all sensitive points meet the 50dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008). 2. Sensitive points on both sides of the existing line There are totally 13 sensitive points within the evaluation ranges on both sides of the new railway line, which includes 3 school and 10 residential areas. The current situation is mainly effected by railway noises. China Academy of Railway Science 383 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project (1) Residential Area 1) Within the range of 30m away from the railway to be built Current sound level of the area within the range of 30m away from the railway is 60.9~65.9dBA during daytime and 61.9~68.8dBA during nighttime. 2) At the point of 30m away from the boundary of the railway to be built Current sound level of the area at the point of 30m away from the railway is 55.9~73.3dBA during daytime and 55.4~72.6dBA during nighttime. Within the existing railway sections where parallel to or across the new railway, the pure railway noise at the 30m boundary is 57.7~61.2dBA during daytime and 60.5~63.9dBA during nighttime. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Emission Standards and Measurement Methods of Railway Noise on the Boundary alongside Railway Line (amended edition) (GB 12525-90). 3) Within the range of Class IV Area The area within the range of 30m~60m away from the new line on both sides , the current sound level is 53.7~70.4dBA during daytime and 49.8~69.3dBA during night time. Current sound level of one point exceeds the 70dBA limit value of Class 4B area during daytime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 0.4dBA higher than the standard. Current sound level of seven sensitive points exceeds the 60dBA limit value of Class 4B area during nighttime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 2.6~9.3dBA higher than the standard. 4) Within the range of Class II Area The area outside the range of 60m away from the new line on both sides, the current sound level is 47.0~70.5dBA during daytime and 44.2~69.5dBA during night time. Current sound level of two points exceeds the 60dBA limit value of Class II area during daytime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 7.0~10.5dBA higher than the standard. Current sound level of four sensitive points exceeds the 50dBA limit value of Class II area during nighttime defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 1.8~19.5dBA higher than the standard. (2) School School within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, current sound level is 47.5~70.6dBA during daytime and 46.9dBA during night time. During daytime, the current sound level of the TIEDONG kinder garden exceeds the 60dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) with 10.6dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, the 50dBA limit value of Class II area defined in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) can be met. 6.6.2 Forecasting Evaluation 1. Sensitive points on both sides of the new railway line China Academy of Railway Science 384 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project (1) Residential Area 1) Within the range of 30m away from the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points within the range of 30m away from the new railway line after completion of the project is: 48.3~62.4dBA during daytime and 42.1~56.8 during nighttime, and respectively increased 4.2~18.7dBA and 8.8~24.4dBA compared to the current data. 2) At the point of 30m away from the boundary of the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points on the boundary of 30m away from the central line of the outer tracks of the new line is: 44.2~63.0dBA during daytime and 39.1~57.4 during nighttime, and respectively increased 0.5~21.4dBA and 1.9~27.0dBA compared to the current data. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Emission Standards and Measurement Methods of Railway Noise on the Boundary alongside Railway Line (amended edition) (GB 12525-90). 3) Functional Area a) Within the range of Class IV Area For the area within the range of 30m~60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 47.5~62.3dBA during daytime and 41.0~56.6dBA during night time, and respectively increased 1.3~18.1dBA and 3.5~23.7dBA compared to the current data. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008).  b) Within the range of Class II Area For the area outside the range of 60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 44.1~58.7dBA during daytime and 35.2~52.8dBA during night time, and respectively increased 0.4~15.6dBA and 1.3~21.1dBA compared to the current data. The data of daytime meet the 60dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008). During nighttime, there are 40 sensitive points exceed the 50dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) with 1.9~2.8dBA higher than the standard. (2) School There are 8 schools within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 46.2~61.1dBA during daytime and 37.9~50.7dBA during night time, and respectively increased 0.3~11.9dBA and 1.1~17.4dBA compared to the current data. During daytime, the forecasted data of Aixin Kinder Garden exceed the 60dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) for class II area with 0.7~1.1dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, the forecasted data of No.2 Yanbian Special Education School and Aixin Kinder Garden exceed the 50dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) for class II area with 0.6~0.7dBA higher than the standard. China Academy of Railway Science 385 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project 2. Sensitive points on both sides of the existing railway line (1) Residential Area 1) Within the range of 30m away from the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points within the range of 30m away from the new railway line after completion of the project is: 54.8~60.5dBA during daytime and 49.3~54.8 during nighttime, and respectively decreased 0.5~11.1dBA and 8.9~19.5dBA compared to the current data. 2) At the point of 30m away from the boundary of the railway to be built The forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A of the sensitive points on the boundary of 30m away from the central line of the outer tracks of the new line is: 50.2~63.0dBA during daytime and 47.7~57.4 during nighttime, and respectively decreased 0.1~13.4dBA and 4.4~20.8dBA compared to the current data. Both meet the70dBA/70dBA limit requirement defined by Emission Standards and Measurement Methods of Railway Noise on the Boundary alongside Railway Line (amended edition) (GB 12525-90). 3) Functional Area a) Within the range of Class IV Area For the area within the range of 30m~60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 50.3~70.3dBA during daytime and 44.1~59.4dBA during night time, and respectively decreased 0.1~10.7dBA and 3.2~18.6dBA. During nighttime, there is one sensitive point exceeds the 70dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for Class 4b area with 0.3dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, all meet the 60dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096â€?2008) for Class 4b area. b) Within the range of Class II Area For the area outside the range of 60m away from the central line of outer tracks of the new line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 45.5~70.5dBA during daytime and 36.0~59.2dBA during night time, and respectively decreased 0.2~10.0dBA and 0.6~18.6dBA compared to the current data. During daytime, there are two sensitive points exceed the 60dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for class II area with 0.8~10.5dBA higher than the standard. During nighttime, there are two sensitive points exceed the 50dBA limit requirement defined by  Environmental  Quality  Standard  for  Noise  (GB3096â€?2008) for class II area with 9.1~9.2dBA higher than the standard.  (2) School There are 3 schools within the evaluated range on both sides of the new railway line, the forecasting value of continuous equivalent sound level A is: 47.4~70.7dBA during daytime and 39.9dBA during night time, and respectively decreased 0.1dBA and 7.0dBA compared to the current data. During daytime, the forecasted data of Tiedong Kinder Garden exceed the 60dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) for class II area with 10.7dBA higher than the standard. During China Academy of Railway Science 386 Environment Impact Report for Newly Built Jilin—Hunchun Rail Line Project nighttime, all meet the 50dBA limit requirement defined by Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) for class II area. 6.6.3 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures The evaluation put forward a noise control plan based on the principle of 'people-oriented, technically sound, economically viable, and the environment coordinated'. （1）Plan and develop the Land on both sides of the line rationally It is recommended that local planning department to plan and develop the land on both sides of the line rationally according to the railway noise forecasting results of this project. The principle is not to build or expand noise sensitive buildings like school, hospital and residential areas within the range 104m of both sides of embankments and 86m of both sides of bridges. （2）Take corresponding noise pollution prevention and control measures for sensitive points exceeding the standard There are 71 sensitive points exceeding the standard alongside the line with 0.3~10.7dBA higher than the standard during daytime and 0.6~9.2dBA higher than the standard during nighttime. Along the whole line, 44 places toalling710 families involved in moving require an investment of 140.75 million yuan. 56 sound barriers totaling 33,600m shall be set which will cost 113.6395 million yuan. 15 insulation windows totaling 1,060m2 shall be installed which requires an investment of 0.53million yuan. It will spend 254.9195 million yuan to invest on noise pollution prevention and control for the whole line. In summary, the noise impacts of this project on environments alongside the line can be controlled after effective planning, management and engineering protection measures have been taken. China Academy of Railway Science 387