E1996 V6 REPUBLIC OF YEMEN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (WATER SECTOR SUPPORT PROJECT) (IDA GRANT: H - 449 - RY) ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH IN SHABWA GOVERNORATE SANA'A NOVEMBER 26, 2013 ESIA-CUM-ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 82 of 102 CONTENTS ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 2 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (WATER SECTOR SUPPORT PROJECT) (IDA GRANT: H - 449 - RY) ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH IN SHABWA GOVERNORATE CONTENTS SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6 OF 102 2.0 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF ESMP 6 OF 102 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUB PROJECT 7 OF 102 4.0 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS LEADING TO THIS ESMP 10 OF 102 5.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 11 OF 102 6.0 LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE REVIEW 14 OF 102 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PROCESS OF CONSULTATIONS 16 OF 102 8.0 FORMATION OF WUA AND WUGs 20 OF 102 9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 21 OF 102 10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ASPECTS 27 OF 102 11.0 MANAGEMENT RULES 28 OF 102 12.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN 30 OF 102 13.0 MODUS OPERANDI FOR MONITORING AND REPORTING OF ESMP 33 OF 102 14.0 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING 35 OF 102 15.0 CAPACITY BUILDING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 35 OF 102 FIGURES NO. TITLE I INDEX MAP II LOCATION OF AM QAID SPATE WORKS III CLIMATIC ZONES IN SHABWA GOVERNORATE IV REVISED ALIGNMENT OF THE AM QAID CANAL V BOUNDARIES OF THE AM QAID WUA AND WUGS ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 3 of 102 ANNEXES NO. TITLE I WUA MINUTES OF DECEMBER 2012 ENDORSED BY MAI AND OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR SHABWA II EPA CLEARANCE III CLEARANCE OF LOCAL COUNCIL SHABWA GOVERNORATE IV SIGNED REQUEST OF 40 LANDOWNERS FOR SHIFTING OF CANAL ALIGNMENT V MINUTES OF THE MEETING HELD BETWEEN NIP AND CHAIRMAN OF AM QAID WUA HEAD OF MONITORING COMMITTEE VI MINUTE OF THE ES FINAL CONSULTATIONS AND AGREEMENT VII LIST OF THE MONITORING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, AM QAID WUA BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND LANDOWNER REPRESENTATIVES VIII PROJECT PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN IX CAPACITY BUILDING AT VARIOUS LEVELS TABLES NO. TITLE I SALIENT FEATURES II THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS III THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS RELATED TO HYDROLOGICAL ISSUES. IV THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES V THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE AND ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS RELATED TO EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION ASPECTS VI CHECKLIST FOR SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS VII SUMMARY OF ESMP MONITORING PLAN VIII SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) IX CHECKLIST OF THE ACTIVITIES TO BE CHECKED BY THE ES FFP X COMPLIANCE THROUGH MONITORING BY THE CONTRACTOR ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 4 of 102 ESMP ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 5 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH IN SHABWA GOVERNORATE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General The Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MAI) proposed to the Bank in July 2008 to establish a program namely National Irrigation Program (NIP), to merge all the existing PMUs under one umbrella in order to implement the irrigation component of the Water Sector Support Project (WSSP), which would take over the program execution function. The NIP was established on May 5, 2008 by the Ministerial Decree No.69 as a transitional arrangement before moving into the country system. Originally NIP had a funding of US$ 68.90 million from IDA and other donors namely the Netherlands and Germany who later withdrew from this project. During May 2012, the NIP funding was revised to US $ 40.10 million and the closing date of the WSSP was extended from August 31, 2014 to July 31, 2016. 1.2 ES Safeguards The overall environmental and social impacts of the WSSP’s interventions are expected to be positive, e.g., strengthened water resources management, use of improved irrigation techniques, enhanced groundwater conservation, and improved urban and rural water supply and sanitation systems. No large-scale, significant, or irreversible impacts are anticipated. Moreover, the sector- wide approach taken by the WSSP presents the GOY with a singular opportunity to address management of Yemen’s critical water resources in a holistic manner and thus realize significant environmental and social benefits for the country. Because of the sector-wide approach taken by the WSSP, however, and the critical nature of water resources management in Yemen, the WSSP has been classified as Environmental Category A (requiring a full environmental assessment) under the Bank’s safeguard policy on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP4.01). This inter-alia implies that NIP need to obtain IDA clearance on ES Safeguard Issues before taking up the implementation of a Sub-Project. 2.0 Objective and Scope of the ESMP 2.1 Objective The prime objective of this report is to present a description of the anticipated environmental impacts resulting from Am Qaid Project and identifying the mitigation measures and the required environmental management planning activities in order to minimize and/or eliminate any environmental impacts. The fundamental objective of the measures described in this report is to provide a means whereby overall environmental performance of the project can be enhanced. This is done through identification of potentially beneficial and adverse impacts associated with project implementation and subsequent operation together with measures and mechanisms for their incorporation in the project. The term “environmental” and its derivatives have been used in a wide sense, which cover not only physical and biological aspects, but also the human dimensions. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 6 of 102 2.2 Scope This environmental study at hand broadly covers the following aspects:  Brief background information on the project;  Project Description;  Design considerations;  Socioeconomic information of the project area and beneficiaries;  Benefits of the project;  Participatory Irrigation Management;  Formation of WUA and WUGs and Boundaries of the Membership;  Consultation Sessions with Stakeholders;  Water rights and its distribution during construction and operation phases;  The Implementation Arrangement;  Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Aspects;  Legal and Legislation Review;  Occupational Health and Safety;  Pest Management Plan;  Environmental vectors;  The environmental and Social Screening Process;  The Environmental and Social Issues;  Positive Social Impacts;  Possible Minor Negative Impacts and mitigation measures;  Summary of Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan;  ES Management Aspects;  ESMP Monitoring Plan;  Recommendations to be followed and action be taken by NIP; and  Recommendations to be followed by the Contractor. 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUB-PROJECT 3.1 Sub-Project Title The sub-project (hereinafter called as Project) is titled as “Rehabilitation of Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works, Wadi Khawrah in Shabwa governorate of the Republic of Yemen”. As the name suggests it involves rehabilitation of the existing but now in disuse of this spate work without involving any land taking or displacement of people or their properties. It may be pertinent to mention here that the project as per design carried out by the Consultant originally involved spate irrigation development in the command of Wadi Khawrah through construction of two Diversion Structures and improvement of existing canals and outlet works in the respective Diversion schemes namely: Am Qaid Spate Works and Rokbat Am Hamra Spate Works just about 2.5 km downstream on the same wadi Khawrah. But due to constraints of funds only one of these two schemes was taken up and the other one i.e. Rokbat Am Hamra Spate Works had to be dropped. 3.2 Project Objectives The Am Qaid Weir and Existing canal Rehabilitation Project will ensure sustainable and efficient use of spate water in the project area through rehabilitation of existing canal and through the application of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). It will also increase agricultural productivity in the area. It is also hoped that improved agricultural productivity will lead to improved livelihood for large numbers of poor people; thus, alleviating poverty, providing domestic water for local people and drinking water for livestock through groundwater recharge, reducing land ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 7 of 102 erosion, reducing farmers migration to the urban area, improving food security, improving the local economy, and creating job opportunity for local people. 3.3 Location The Project area is located in the Shabwa governorate of Republic of Yemen having coordinates of 1599601:27 - North (UTM), 625614:08 - East (UTM) and Elevation of 1162.88 m as shown in the Index Map (Figure–I). The Governorate of Shabwa is situated between Hadramout and Marib Governorates. The governorate of Shabwa comprises many historical cities, sites and tourist attractions. The project site, however, is a small area wherein agricultural activities are dominant. Regional agriculture produces sorghum and millet crops, vegetable, melons, and fodder for local use and marketing. The project area economy is partially dependent on the agriculture. The area has an arid climate distinguished by very low rainfall and high temperature. The soil type is of alluvial plain were irrigated grey-brown, alluvial, sand ridges and sand soil occurring. Ataq is one of the important cities of Shabwa Governorate with an airport. 3.4 Project Components The project proposes to construct a masonry weir on wadi Khawrah, namely masonry Am Qaid weir, Gated silt sluice, Gated Canal Intake along with rehabilitation of left main canal and secondary canals (where eroded) with Distribution Structures. The rehabilitation/construction works are planned to be carried out along the existing alignments. The project is expected to benefit a gross command area of 231 ha. No tertiary canals are proposed to be constructed. 3.5 Project Salient Features Project Salient Features are presented in Table – I. 3.6 Socioeconomic information of the project area and beneficiaries Socioeconomic information of the project area and the beneficiaries is as follows:  Net area which will be irrigated by the sub-project: 180 ha (gross 231 ha);  Total population in the project area: about 3500;  Total number of villages: 7;  Total number of beneficiaries: 500 families;  The average land holding being less than half ha and most of the people are poor; and  Land use along the two sides of the Wadi: in the Sub-Projects vicinity the land on the wadi sides is primarily used for agricultural activities. Main agricultural activities and crops in the project area under spate are: Sesame (April – August), Sorghum (April – September), Millet (May – September), Fodder (April – September), and where groundwater is available Wheat (October – January), Tomato, Onion, and Potato (October – February), Dates – Fruits (June – September) and Lemon – Fruit (August – December) are also grown in small areas. The population of Shabwa as per Year 2006 is 494,638 out of which the rural population is 416,667. The project site where the spate irrigation structures is to be built under the study is shown in Figure - II 3.7 Climate Shabwa Governorate is located under effect of four climatic zones (10, 11, 12 and 13) as shown in Figure – III. The climate changes in the Governorate according to the relief which represents coastal, hill and desert climates. Whereas zone No.10 and 11 represent the hill and escarpment, zone No.12 represents the costal climate and zone No.13 represents the desert climate for the Governorate. The proposed project site is located at Markha area which is represented by zone 11. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 8 of 102 In relation to rainfall, there is no clear rainfall season along of all climatic zones in Shabwa. However, rainfall fall with rate 50-125 m/m/year in zone 11 and 10 , 200 m/m/year in zone 12 and less than 100 m/m/year in zone 13; and about 80% of this rates fall during the period January-June. The evapo-transpiration rate between 3 to 3.5 m/m/day during the cold period and between 6 to 7 m/m/day during the period July to August with annual rate between 1650 to 1800 m/m/year in related to zone 11, whereas in zone 12 the daily rate of evapo-transpiration is between 3 to 4 m/m/ day during the cold period and 4.5 to 5 m/m/day during the period May to June with annual rate between 1400 to 1600 m/m/year. On the another hand the daily rate of evapo-transpiration in zone 13 is between 3.5 to 4 m/m/day during the cold period and between 9.5 to 11 m/m/day during the period July to August with annual rate of about 2700 m/m/year. Through comparison of rainfall rate with evapo-transpiration rate, it is noticed that a realistic growth period does not exist in the all four zones (GAAR, 2005), whereas the evapo-transpiration rate is 141 m/m/month (MAI - 2009). The monthly average temperature over Shabwa Governorate is 26.9 C0 (MAI, 2009). The monthly rate of the maximum temperature is set between 28 to 31 C0 during the cold period (November to January) and between 40 to 43 C0 during the warm months (June to August) in zone 11 and the monthly rate of the minimum temperature is between 9 to 12 C0 during the cold months and between 25 to 22 C0 during the hot months in this zone (GAAR, 2005). The annual rate of relative humidity over the Governorate is 37.7 % (MAI, 2009), the daily rate of relative humidity is changed over the seasons, whereas in zone 11 it is set between 40 to 50 % during the cold period and between 20 to 35 % during the hot period. The mean sunshine hours over the year are between 8.5 to 10 hours/day and it might increase during May, October and November in zone 11(GAAR, 2005), whereas the monthly mean of sunshine over the Governorate is 8.7 hours/day (MAI, 2009). The mean daily radiation with range of 17.5 to 18.5 MJ/m2/day during June and 13.5 to 14.5 MJ/m2/day during December and January in zone No.11 3.8 General Conditions of Soil Formation Geological structure of the wadi Khawrah Basin is formed from quaternary deposits. These are represented by the alluvial deposits which are wide spread throughout the area and consist mainly of gravel and pebble with intercalations of loamy sands, loams, and clays. Edian alluvial deposits consisting of fine and medium sands, loamy sands, loams are wide spread in old irrigated areas. The formation of the recent soil cover and landscape has developed through some millenniums. That is why the soil cover of alluvial plains is complex in composition. Here irrigated grey-brown, alluvial, sand ridges and sand soils occur. At the same time the relief of the wadi Khawrah is characterized by a good number of sand ridges, hillocks and dunes scattered in the area (including the irrigated land). The following types of soil had been identified within the study area:  Grey-brown deserted soils, incompletely formed but comparatively old irrigated; and  Irrigated, young, primitive, alluvial stratified soils. The soil properties considered in the design are follows:  Nature of Soil : Alluvial sand with gravels in wadi bed : Alluvial sand with loam in the canal alignment and command areas  Silt Factor (f) : 2.50 for computation of scour depth in wadi bed  Lacey's Co-efficient : 0.035 for computation of Wadi Flow and 0.027 for canal flow ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 9 of 102 3.9 Economic and Geographic Conditions The project area economy is partially depended on the agriculture. There is large group of workers rendering services in different institutions outside the project area. Industry is not developed in this area, and only public services facilities exist. Regional agriculture produce is millet crops, vegetables and melons, and fodder for local use and marketing. There are no precise data on the land area with existing irrigation structures annually cultivated, hence their total area cannot be accurately estimated. The lands are mostly groundwater irrigated by wells. During wet years only, they are spate irrigated. 4.0 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS LEADING TO THIS ESMP 4.1 Feasibility Report including Design Stage The Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works in Shabwa Governorate was surveyed and designed by an International Consultant in the year 2010. This Consultant also prepared an ESIA study that together with the Feasibility Report was sent to the IDA and the ESIA was finalized in compliance with the comments of the IDA in May 2012. As per the Design and Drawings the left bank canal was aligned on its designed alignment. As per the project reports and subsequent consultations by NIP and ES Team with the beneficiaries the Project would neither have any negative impact nor there would be any land acquisition or resettlement issue (WUA minutes endorsed by Shabwa Governor and Minister of MAI are presented in Annex - I). 4.2 ES Clearances and Commencement of Civil Works The Project was cleared by EPA in March 2012 (Annex – II) and by the Local Council of Shabwa Governorate in December 2012 (Annex – III). On 26/2/2013 IDA also cleared the ESMP of the Construction/Rehabilitation of AM Qaid Weir and existing main canal project, Wadi Khawra, Shabwa Governorate. After obtaining all the stipulated clearances both from the IDA and the Government of Yemen, the work of implementation of this Project was awarded and the Contractor started the work in March 2013. 4.3 Objections by the Beneficiaries and Stoppage of Civil Works In April 2013 immediately after commencement of civil work, Am Qaid WUA claimed that the canal alignment designed by the International Consultant will pass through a small private portion of agricultural land that needs to be redesigned towards the wadi. This claim was later certified by the WUA and 40 landowners and endorsed by Shabwa Governor as per letter at (Annex - IV). The Chairman of the Am Qaid WUA also visited National Irrigation Program office in Sana'a and held detailed discussions. The minutes of these meetings are at Annex – V. Following the above development, the work of implementation on this scheme was immediately stopped and the implications of above changes were discussed initially by NIP with the beneficiaries on several occasions and later on between the Governor of Shabwa, beneficiaries, Local Council, and National Irrigation Program. 4.4 Follow up Action by NIP Subsequently a NIP team with ES Advisor visited Shabwa and in the meeting held on July 4 - 5, 2013 between Shabwa Governor, Local council, Am Qaid WUA, Landowners and beneficiaries it was inter-alia agreed/affirmed that the shifting of canal towards the wadi for an initial length of about 1500 m did not involve any claims, disputes, private land acquisition, or negative effect on beneficiaries’ livelihood and incomes. The beneficiaries also agreed that this was the final change and that they would not demand any further change. For details the minutes of the meeting held with beneficiaries and signed by representatives of landowners and endorsed by office of the Shabwa Governor shown in Annex - VI. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 10 of 102 Accordingly, the design & drawings of the canal was revised as a result of decision to shift the main canal in the first 1500 m length. The shifted portion in this reach had to be located entirely in Wadi and hence has to be in filling. The canal in the wadi reach would thus be subjected to flooding in the wadi and heavy protection had to be provided. The additional cost involved in the initial1500 m length was estimated at about US$ 220,000 and Local Council of Shabwa and MAI agreed to share this equally between them. The revised Alignment of the Am Qaid Canal is presented in Map – IV. Following above developments, the ESMP for this project (prepared earlier on April 3, 2013) was further updated for the second time in October 2013 together with the ESIA reflecting the detailed observations made by the World Bank and sent to them for ES Safeguards clearance. This ESMP & ESIA categorically established that implementation of Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works did not involve any claims, disputes, private land acquisition, or negative effect on beneficiaries’ livelihood and incomes and was sent to the IDA for ES Safeguards clearance. 4.5 Conditional IDA clearance of the ESMP by IDA As the Contractor for implementation of this scheme had mobilized him in March 2013 and the Consulting Firm for construction supervision was also in position, NIP was facing lot of difficulties due to pressure from them and also the beneficiaries due to stoppage of work. Therefore, while forwarding the upgraded ESMP and the ESIA, IDA was apprised of this situation so as to provide expeditious ES Safeguards clearance. In view of the improved documents IDA provided a conditional no-objection on the updated ESIA/ESMP and NIP was allowed to resume implementation of civil works on that basis. While providing this conditional no-objection IDA also made some further observations and also recommended to merge the stand-alone ESMP into the combined ESIA/ESMP and ensure that all of the information from both the documents is retained. Thus the present ESMP has been prepared with the aforesaid background in mind. 5.0 Design Considerations 5.1 General The project is mainly designed as a rehabilitation of existing canal systems as well as weir construction. The canal systems alignment will not change in any way. Consideration of other design alternatives which would have led to private land acquisition and livelihoods disturbances have been avoided through design consideration – that is limiting rehabilitation and construction works within existing alignment or locations. Existing Water Supply: Private Water Supply from the wells is available. Depth of Water Aquifer in the area: Depth of water aquifer is around 50 m. Availability of Rainwater Harvesting Projects in the area: Not available. Source of Electric Power: Private source. The Implementation Arrangement: The subproject will be implemented by National Irrigation Program (NIP). Implementation Regime: The Project is operated on “TWO” shifts basis between 7am-12pm and 2 pm–5 pm 5.2 Participatory Irrigation Management & Boundaries of the Membership For Am Qaid Weir one WUA and 3 WUGs have been established by NIP. The WUA has been established under the Cooperative Law No. 39 of the year 1998. Both WUAs/WUGs shall be responsible for advancing the concept of participatory irrigation management. The boundaries of the membership are shown in the map at Fig. 4 ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 11 of 102 The WUAs and WUGs have been formed on the basic principle of participatory irrigation management (PIM) that is committed by the farmers’ community and would be further strengthened during the phase of implementation of the project by way of creation of awareness and training in various such activities. The farmers in Am Qaid area are known to be very cohesive group and are already following these traditional rules of Al AalaFa Al Aala and have a strong will to continue to enforce traditional irrigation water distribution practices in the project area even after project implementation. The command area of each (sub) canal is well defined and known to all farmers, and it is prohibited to add new fields or to construct a new canal for irrigation of land that is not part of the command area. The rehabilitation/construction works are expected to improve spate flow. As a result of the rehabilitation works, it is hoped that downstream users will benefit from low spate flow. It is also expected that the operating entities would take into consideration the various downstream demands and operate the weir in such a manner that minimizes any potential negative impacts regardless of how small the impact could be. Furthermore the farmers in the project area indicated that there are landmarks (old built walls made of cement masonry) to form intakes at the tail of secondary canals to distribute irrigation water to the agricultural fields (on field to field basis), the distance between these landmarks controls the volume of irrigation water proportional to the size of the agricultural lands, the distance between the landmarks was also set as traditional customs based on sizes of agricultural fields owned by farmer. The applicability of practice of water pricing or water fee in spate works has been known since very long time. But as of now this is not prevalent in this region for various reasons, and one of the main reasons is that the wadi flows are not assured. Cabinet Decree No. (112) of 2011 concerning the Executive Bylaw of the Water Law No. (33) and its amendments inter-alia envisage empowering the WUAs to collect fees for O&M of Spate Schemes, imposing fines for the defaulters and suspension of members from the membership of WUAs. 5.3 Diversion Weir The construction of the Am Qaid weir will be across and on the main Wadi stream. Access to these diversion works will be through the main stream of the Wadi or through the old canals track so no land will be acquired to access the project sites. Accordingly no one of the local people or farmers will lose lands for the project and no one of them will be adversely affected. 5.4 Main and Branch Canals There are no tertiary canals. Water is released from the tail of secondary canals into the fields. Field to field irrigation is practiced under traditional system irrigation without any tertiary canals. Traditional irrigation was being practiced over several years in the project area. However, over the years, the diversion structure has appears to have been totally eroded and the canals also damaged at several locations. The existing Am Qaid canal is originating from Am Qaid weir site. The canal system comprises a total length of 5.5 km including 1.5 km of main canal and 4 km of secondary canals. No land will be acquired for the implementation of Am Qaid weir and for associated canals. Environmental impacts are expected to be very negligible. The present situation of these canals and weirs calls for construction or rehabilitation of existing irrigation structures–which under the designed alignment entails canals replacements at one or two locations where the left bank of the canal being too close to the wadi which were eroded and have to ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 12 of 102 be replaced and strengthened along the existing alignment. However, as a result of decision to shift the main canal in the first 1500 m length, the shifted portion in this reach would be located entirely in the Wadi and hence would be in filling. The canal in the wadi reach would thus be subjected to flooding in the wadi and heavy protection has been provided. The additional cost involved in the initial 1500 m length would be about US$ 220,000 to be shared equally between Local Council Shabwa and MAI. As indicated under paragraph on beneficiaries demand it has been decided to shift the main canal alignment in the initial 1500 m length towards the wadi side. The shifting of the main canal alignment does not trigger Safeguard Policy OP/BP 4.12 of the World Bank as it would pass the wadi and only involves implementation of civil works with additional cost to be spared equally between MAI and Local Council. Clauses 3 and 4 of the minutes of the meeting signed by the Monitoring Committee Members, Am Qaid WUA Board of Directors, and Landowner Representatives and countersigned by the Governor of Shabwa (Annex - VI) as reproduced below confirm that Safeguard Policy of the World Bank OP/BP 4.12 is not triggered: i. The meeting affirms that under no condition, their consent on the adjusted alignment of Am Qaid canal no claims, disputes, private land acquisition involved or negative effect might be occurred, currently or on future, on beneficiary's livelihood and income returns; and ii. The meeting committed to cooperate with the Contractor, Supervision Firm and local Authority in solving conflicts might be raised that caused delay in the ongoing agreed works. The meeting committed also to water distribution's equity among the beneficiaries and future O&M. 5.5 Improvement of Irrigation Scheme and Water Equity The rehabilitation/construction works are expected to improve spate flow by means of construction of the weir. It is well known that Weirs are the best mitigating measure for maintaining low flows. Weirs can be operated in a manner to eliminate any negative impacts, if any, that may affect downstream users. As a result of the rehabilitation works, it is hoped that downstream users will benefit from low spate flow. The various downstream demands and operate the weir in such a manner that minimizes any potential negative impacts regardless of how small the impact could be. In addition there are landmarks (old built walls made of cement masonry) to form intakes at the tail of secondary canals to distribute irrigation water to the agricultural fields (on field to field basis), the distance between these landmarks controls the volume of irrigation water proportional to the size of the agricultural lands, the distance between the landmarks was also set as traditional customs based on sizes of agricultural fields owned by farmer. The farmers whose lands are in the upstream have the rights to divert irrigation water first, based on the rights of irrigation priority determined by traditional rule called Al AalaFa Al Aala. This is the traditional irrigation water distribution rights that have been known in the area since long time. The farmers in Am Qaid area gave assurance to the project proponent that they will enforce traditional irrigation water distribution practices in the project area. While the project implementation period is estimated to be 12 months, as per the design/feasibility report, the spate in the wadi is not throughout the year. It occurs only for about 60 hours in a year spread in 2-3 months in a year. Rehabilitation/construction works would be scheduled during those periods when spate is not anticipated to occur; thus avoiding negative impact on livelihood and thereby eliminating disturbances on water right. 5.6 Methodology A number of steps have been undertaken in order to collate and analyze information on the project environmental aspects. In order to gain first- hand knowledge of existing environmental conditions ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 13 of 102 and also to put the proposed engineering works into their physical and social context, an environmental expert carried out detailed site reconnaissance visit. In addition to field visits, formal meetings and discussions with the local authorities and various stakeholders were held to obtain all the relevant information regarding the existing facilities in addition to the proposed future plans. Sources from other team members such as the survey team that conducted the field-reconnaissance- level survey of the surrounding areas and the edges of the Study area were also utilized. This also included a survey of agricultural land to determine future urban growth potentials and significant agricultural land. 6.0 LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE REVIEW 6.1 Policy, Legal and Administrative Plan Before 1995, the primary responsibility for environmental matters in Yemen resided with the State Ministry of Environmental Affairs, although an Environmental Protection Council (EPC) was established in 1990 under Prime Ministerial Decree 94. This council was reformed by the Prime Minister's decree 28 of 1995. In 2001 the EPC was transformed to Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and later on in 2003 brought under the newly established Ministry of Water and Environment. The EPA was given the responsibility of necessary ES clearances for various type of Projects. 6.2 Environmental Policy Overall responsibility for environmental management rests with the Environmental Protection Council (EPC), which was created by decree in 1990. The EPC is an inter-ministerial council with broad responsibilities to manage the nation's environment. Its tasks include: (i) proposing general policies to protect the environment; (ii) coordinating national, regional and international agencies involved with environmental protection; (iii) setting up standards for control of air and water pollution and land degradation; (iv) formulate national regulations and legislation; (v) monitor the nation's environment and report to the Cabinet; and (vi) promote environmental education. In addition to its Financial and Administrative Directorate, the EPC is composed of a General Directorate of Environmental Protection (including Environmental Protection and Environmental Training and Information Departments); and a General Directorate of Planning and Data (including Planning and Studies, and Statistics and Data Departments). Its chairman is appointed on a permanent basis and its members, representing various ministries, are appointed on an ad hoc basis. 6.3 Social Development Policy In 1995, Parliament enacted a comprehensive Environment Protection Law (No. 26). The law is designed to safeguard sustained use of the natural resource base, and provides a comprehensive Plan for environmental management and the establishment of sectorial legislation. It outlines the basic objectives and the roles of concerned authorities in the protection of air, water and soil, and establishes controls on pesticide use, environmentally damaging activities, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, environmental monitoring and marine pollution. There is as yet no comprehensive regulatory Plan for environmental management to support the Environment Protection Law. Several new laws related to environmental management are in various stages in development. 6.4 Environmental Protection Law ESIA in Yemen is enabled by the Environmental Protection Law (EPL) No. 26 of 1995. The provision of this Plan law, including these for ESIA, are implemented through Executive Regulations (By-law: 148 of 2000), issued by a decree of the council of Ministers. The law establishes a number of fundamental principles relating to protection of the environmental and its ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 14 of 102 natural resources, principles of environmental assessment of project, criteria for issue of license for new projects that damage or pollute the environment or cause its degradation and fixing the responsibility for damaging the environments. 6.5 International ES Conventions Ratified by Yemen Yemen has ratified numerous global and regional conventions and among the most relevant to this project are shown in the table below: CONVENTIONS RATIFIED BY YEMEN NAME OF THE CONVENTION YEAR RATIFIED Convention on Climate Change (New York 1992) 1995 Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) 1995 Convention on the Control of Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous 1992 Wastes and their Disposal (Basel, 1989) Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal, 1987) Not available Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna, 1985) 1995 Convention Concerning World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, 1972) 1981 Agreement on Civil Responsibility Concerning Damage from Oil Pollution 1979 (Bnimis, 1969) A number of global conventions have until now not been ratified by Yemen. These include: Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wadi Animals (Bonn, 1979), Convention on international Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Washington, D.C. 1973); Convention on Wetlands of international Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 1971). 6.6 Environment Institutions Active in Yemen At present the Ministry of Water and Environment (MOWE) that was created in 2003 and the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) created in 2001, have the mandate of developing and implementing the environmental policies and legislation. In addition in 2001 the constitution was amended, to include a clause on environment: “The protection of the environment is the responsibility of the state and society, and it is a national and religious obligation for every citizen". A number of NGOs as listed below are active in Yemen on Environmental Aspects. In theory these NGOs have an important role to play in the ESIA process but at present they have no formal role. NGOs ACTIVE IN YEMEN IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SOURCE Association for Environmental Communicators Supporters of the Environment Dornian, ET AL- 1996) Yemeni Environment Protection Society Wildlife Protection Society Yemen Ornithological Society Al-Ekhwa Cooperative Agricultural Multi-Purposes Association - Capital Secretariat Report by HRITC (Human Al-Wafaa (Faithfulness) Cooperative Agricultural Multipurpose Society – Mahawit Training Center) – Taiz Rights information & Al Baraka Agricultural Cooperative Multipurpose Society – Mahawit Nogom Social Environmental Society – Capital Secretariat (July 2003) Al Ehsan Social Environmental Society for Sustainable Development – Marib The Environmental Supporters Society – Mahawit The Yemeni Society for Protecting Environment – Hodeidah The Environmental Friends Society – Dhamar The Yemeni Society for Environment for Sustainable Development – Aden The Abrad Society for Environment Protection – Marib ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 15 of 102 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL REVIEW PROCESS AND CONSULTATIONS 7.1 Environmental and Social Screening In the process of doing the Environmental and Social Screening a number of steps were undertaken in order to collate and analyze information on the project environmental and social aspects. This included visit to the Project by an international environmental expert who carried out detailed site reconnaissance visit and field visits, formal meetings and discussions with the local authorities were held by a team of national experts from EPA, NIP and Yemen Safeguards in 2012 and 2013 to obtain all the relevant information regarding the existing facilities and proposed future plans including for the change in the canal alignment. Sources from other team members such as people and local authorities in the surrounding areas were also utilized. This included a survey of agricultural land, field screening and, consultations. The outcomes of these exercises suggested that:  Potential social and environmental adverse impacts resulting from the Am Qaid Weir and Existing Canals Rehabilitation/Construction works are limited, site-specific, reversible, and could be addressed readily through adoption of sound mitigation measures;  Given the negligible impact of the project on the environment and livelihood, the project is hereby environmentally classified as category “B” project;  Even after the decision to change the canal alignment in its first 1500 m length, the project is not expected to have direct economic and social impact on Potential Project Affected Persons (PAPs). There would not be involuntary land taking and the project would not entail: (a) relocation of people or loss of shelter, (b) loss of assets or access to asset, and (c) loss of income sources or means of livelihoods -whether or not the affected person must be moved to another location; and  The project does not involve involuntary restriction of access to resources in legally designated parks and protected areas. 7.2 Review and Consultations by NIP Team 7.2.1 General Consultations with stakeholders and beneficiaries in Shabwa Governorate were held in six stages. The process of consultations involved formal and informal discussions including individual interviews, and meetings with the Project beneficiaries, local villagers including other vulnerable people in Am Qaid project area, as well as, concerned officials at national, district and local levels. The nature of stakeholders consulted, the details of consultations, the gist of consultations, agreements reached during the process of Consultations are presented in the following sections. 7.2.2 First Session of Consultation (May, 2012) The first consultation was conducted by NIP in May, 2012 in which the following stakeholders participated: NIP Environmental and Social Focal Person; Institutional Specialist; Landowner and beneficiary farmers (33 nos.); Ataq Agricultural Office; GARWSP; EPA Branch; NWRA Branch; and Local Council. During this phase of consultation the NIP team accomplished the following tasks:  Explained to the project beneficiaries and other stakeholders the objective of the project, the project scope and, the various features of the scheme;  Explained to project beneficiaries the broad potential environmental and social impacts associated with the Am Qaid project and, the relevant mitigation measures to be considered;  The NIP team formed one WUA and seven WUGs. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 16 of 102 As already mentioned under Section 2.1 of this report, the project originally comprised rehabilitation of two spate works on Wadi Khawrah namely: Am Qaid Spate Works and Rokbat Am Hamra Spate separated by about 2.5 km of each other, but due to constraints of funds only Am Qaid Spate Works was taken up and the other one i.e. Rokbat Am Hamra Spate Works had to be dropped. So as the time of consultation a total of 3 WUAs and 17 WUGs were formed for both the schemes that contained one WUA and 7 WUGs for Am Qaid Spate Works and the remaining ones for the other scheme that was dropped. 7.2.3 Second Session of Consultation (June, 2012) The Second Session of Consultation took place in June 2012. The following stakeholders took part into the consultation: NIP Irrigation Advisory Specialist, NIP Social Specialist, Engineers from Shabwa Agriculture Office, Landowners and beneficiary Farmers (36 Nos.) including Am Qaid WUA, Farmers Design Committee, Administrative Committee and Local Monitoring Committee, During this phase of consultation the NIP team solicited project beneficiaries’ feedback on the project objective and its design. During this consultation, project beneficiaries expressed strong interest for the project. They believe that the project will provide great benefits to them and will have positive impacts on their livelihoods. 7.2.4 Third Session of Consultation (December, 2012) The Third Session of Consultation was conducted in December 2012 and was participated by the following stakeholders: Governor of Shabwa, Local Council, Agricultural Office, EPA branch, ESM Advisor, NIP ES FP, NIP Engineers, Am Qaid WUA members, Landowners and beneficiaries (25 Nos.) A list of beneficiaries and stakeholders, who participated in the process of consultations for Construction/Rehabilitation of Am Qaid Spate Works in Wadi Khawra, Shabwa Governorate is presented in Annex – VII. During this phase of consultation the NIP team accomplished the following tasks:  The National Irrigation Program team revisited the project area and discussed with WUA members, project beneficiaries and, other stakeholders with the aim of reconfirming their views regarding the project and also to obtain their final acceptance of the pr oject’s objective and designs as well as to verify if their needs and priorities have been sufficiently covered by the various project interventions – including environmental and social. Project beneficiaries and other stakeholders participated in the third leg of the consultation exercise reaffirmed that their needs and concerns are sufficiently addressed by the project. They also reconfirmed their support to the project and expressed their satisfaction regarding the project design and its suitability;  Project beneficiaries assured the project team that they would provide full support to the Am Qaid project both during construction/rehabilitation and operation phases such as offering temporary land for the contract's use, locate the site of the water supply, solving any constraints may raise and would partner/participate in the task of O&M of the Am Qaid scheme; and  Minutes were recorded and signed with the WUA design committee, the administrative committee and the Local Monitoring Committee in which the representatives of the beneficiaries: (i) agreed implementation of Am Qaid Weir in their communities and, (ii) stated that the findings of the environmental and social screening are accurate and minor environmental and social impacts that may result from the project both during construction/rehabilitation and operation phases can be readily mitigated by the project and, (iii) made commitment to collaborate/partner with the Am Qaid implementing agencies during construction/rehabilitation and operation phases of the scheme. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 17 of 102 7.2.5 Specific Issues/Concerns arising from the Three Phases of Consultations The following specific issues/concerns were raised by the WUA to the visiting teams and discussed with key stakeholders during the three phases of Consultation:  Changes in the flow regime as a result of con of Am Qaid Weir;  Water rights, and its distribution during construction and operation phases;  Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of weir and canals;  Local/social issues and related claims or disputes;  Land Acquisition;  Project Delays; and  Benefits of the project. No other concerns were raised by the beneficiaries except that the scheme was in great demand by the people and should be implemented as soon as possible. 7.2.6 Summary of Conclusions Verified during the Process of Consultations The conclusions resulting from the consultations between the various Stakeholders and the NIP Teams are presented below:  There are NO potential claims or land disputes;  The project will NOT entail involuntary land taking;  NO relocation or loss of shelter is anticipated;  NO loss of assets or access to assets is envisaged;  NO loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected person must move to another location shall take place;  The project will NOT involve the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the project affected persons. In any case such parks and protected areas do not exist in this region;  The project will NOT entail major adverse impacts on the environment and social aspects and livelihood;  The project will NOT alter water rights during construction and operation phases as mentioned in details under paragraph 5.4 of this report ;  Among other benefits, the project is anticipated to bring immense irrigation benefits, recharge the groundwater and reduce soil erosion;  There is an urgent need to implement the project; and  Minutes reflecting the above listed outcomes were prepared by NIP in association with WUA in Arabic and cleared by the Local Council and endorsed by the Governor of Shabwa governorate are presented in Annex - I. 7.2.7 Formulation of the ESMP The final ESMP of Am Qaid Weir which illustrated in details the inputs by NIP and the outcomes from the consultations with stakeholders and beneficiaries held in previous three stages (i.e. May, June and December, 2012) was formulated and sent to the Bank on April 4th, 2013. 7.3 Further Phase of Consultations 7.3.1 Background As mentioned in the previous section the final ESMP of Am Qaid Weir was sent to the Bank on April 4th, 2013 which illustrated in details the inputs by NIP and the outcomes from the consultations with stakeholders and beneficiaries held in previous three stages (i.e. May, June and December 2012). On February 26, 2013 IDA cleared ESMP of the Construction/Rehabilitation of AM Qaid Spate Works and existing main canal project, Wadi Khawrah, Shabwa Governorate. After ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 18 of 102 obtaining all the stipulated clearances both from the IDA and the Government of Yemen, the work of implementation of this Project was awarded and following the signing of the contract the Contractor after mobilizing started the work on the site in March 2013. The work of Construction Supervision was awarded to another consulting firm and they also mobilized their personnel on the location. However, on the pretext that the design canal alignment was passing through lands of some beneficiaries, some beneficiaries of Am Qaid Works and the landowners wanted shifting of considerable portion (initial 1500 m) of the canal alignment towards the wadi side. They even stopped the work and insisted for the change in canal alignment. Further three sessions of consultation were held in the above background. 7.3.2 Fourth Session of Consultation (April, 2013) On April 22-23, 2013 the Chairman of Am Qaid WUA attended NIP office with some beneficiaries and raised the issue of change in alignment of the canal. Minutes were reached with the Chairman of the Am Qaid Weir WUA, which were also sent to IDA on May 7, 2013. A copy of these minutes is attached at Annex - V. In the above Minutes (Item - 2), it was indicated that the Chairman of the Am Qaid WUA was assured that the alignment of the canal in such reaches after these are identified would be considered for shifting towards the wadi side and the gabion protections already provided in the canal design would be further strengthened as would be necessary and cost estimates worked out. But the claims of such beneficiary that this was once their land should be certified by the local authorities. Accordingly, the Supervising Engineer of the Construction Supervision Firm was instructed to identify such reaches in consultation with the beneficiaries and only after it is certified by them from local authorities, revise the canal design and drawings of this Canal Distributor and submit to NIP for approval accordingly. 7.3.3 Fifth Session of Consultation (June 16, 2013) As a follow up a NIP Team comprising Head of SW Unit visited the site and met with the Governor of Shabwa, Local Council, the beneficiaries and other stakeholders and then Deputy Minister Agriculture (MAI) on June 16, 2013. In this meeting it was decided to form Monitoring Committee headed by the Director of Planning and finance. This Committee with the help of Local Council and the Beneficiaries was assigned to resolve the issues relating to canal alignment acceptable technically and legally. It was agreed that extra cost if any, resulting on account of change of canal alignment, it shall be shared equally between Local Council and the MAI. 7.3.4 Sixth and Final Session of Consultation (July, 2013) During this final phase of consultation three meetings were held on July 4-5, 2013 between the Secretary General, Shabwa Governorate, Local Council, MAI Agriculture Office, ES Advisor, Head SW Unit (NIP), Am Qaid WUA Board of Directors and 18 of Landowner Representatives of Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works and Canal on Wadi Khawrah, Shabwa Governorate. In these meetings the participants reviewed the adjusted Am Qaid canal alignment proposed by Am Qaid WUA and accordingly designed by the Construction Supervision Firm in consultation and association with NIP. Besides other things, the revised canal was agreed to be implemented and that the extra cost of US$ 220,000 as a result of this change in alignment was to be shared equally between the MAI and the Local Council and that the work may be started without further delay. Names and signatures of the Monitoring Committee, Am Qaid WUA Board of Directors and Landowner Representatives are recorded in (Annex - VI). Following the above developments as mentioned under Section 3.5 of this report, the ESMP of Am Qaid Spate Works was revised and sent to IDA for ES Safeguards clearance in October 2013 and after receiving conditional clearance the work of implementation on this Project was resumed in October 2013. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 19 of 102 8.0 FORMATION OF WUA AND WUGS AND BOUNDARIES OF THE MEMBERSHIP 8.1 Number of WUA and WUGs As already mentioned under Section 2.1 of this report, the project originally comprised rehabilitation of two spate works on Wadi Khawrah namely: Am Qaid Spate Works and Rokbat Am Hamra Spate separated by about 2.5 km of each other, but due to constraints of funds only Am Qaid Spate Works was taken up and the other one i.e. Rokbat Am Hamra Spate Works had to be dropped. So as the time of consultation a total of 3 WUAs and 17 WUGs were formed for both the schemes as per breakup given below: SCHEME WUAs WUGs REMARKS Rokbat Am Hamra Spate Works 2 10 Dropped due to constraint of funds Am Qaid Spate Works 1 7 --- TOTAL 3 17 --- Thus as far as Am Qaid Spate Works is concerned one WUA and seven WUGs were established by NIP. The WUA has been established under the Cooperative Law No. 39 for the year 1998. Both WUA and WUGs shall be responsible for advancing the concept of participatory irrigation management including the O&M of Spate Structures. The boundaries of the membership are shown in the Map at Figure – V. 8.2 Specific Roles of WUGs/WUAs The specific roles of the WUG/WUA shall be:  To promote optimum distribution of water among its users;  To secure adequate maintenance of the irrigation system;  To ensure efficient and economic utilization of water to optimize agricultural production;  To protect the environment and ensure ecological balance by involving the water users;  To prepare a cropping program suitable for the soil and agro-climatic conditions with due regard to crop diversification;  To allocate adequate water for drinking and sanitation purposes in order to satisfy the basic needs of the local people;  To promote mechanism for conflict resolution between users;  To develop safety standards in respect of water related structures;  To create awareness about groundwater conservation through Public Awareness Campaign (PAC); and  To organize capacity building training programs for the members in association with the line departments. 8.3 Features of WUGs/WUAs The main features of WUAs shall be as follows:  WUAs will be autonomous bodies which will function on democratic lines within the purview of the Act;  WUAs will be fully responsible for the maintenance and operation of the irrigation network within the area of their operation;  The endeavour of the Department of Irrigation will be to give increasing responsibility of managing irrigation systems to WUAs;  The WUA will be at liberty to regulate distribution of water to water users on volumetric or any other basis and to levy and collect penalties if any, fixed by it for violation of the water distribution schemes finalized for the irrigation system under its administrative supervision. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 20 of 102 By improving efficiency of the irrigation system, the WUAs will be at liberty to save water and make the water so saved available to users on payment;  The WUA should have a clear “water right” so that they cannot only insist o n getting their supplies accordingly but also develop suitable crop planning for the area and work out appropriate operational plan for distribution of water;  The WUA should have proper legal status to be easily recognizable by the irrigation authorities;  The accountability of WUA to the irrigation department, in terms of utilization of irrigation water and area irrigated is to be spelt out in clear terms so that proper water budget could be developed;  The financial resources of the WUA need to be built up;  Clarity of role is needed for the WUA for taking over the management of the irrigation system;  Farmers empowerment and management should form the heart of the reforms; and  The process should be bold and comprehensive rather than incremental. 8.4 Relationship and/or differences between WUAs and WUGs The WUGs are the informal groups that existed in the area in some form or the other; while WUAs are legally established entities under Law with the Ministry of Social Affairs. Under the bylaws recently approved the WUAs have been empowered to levy fees on the users for O&M. The relationship between WUAs and WUGs is complimentary to each other and no differences have been reported in this regard. Besides they together are keeping and running their irrigation infrastructure in proper shape. 9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 9.1 General Environmental issues related to irrigation projects in general can be divided to the aspects related to the construction phase and to the operational phase. The various relevant issues are summarized in the following sub-sections. 9.2 Positive Social Impacts or Benefits The economy of project area is mainly dependent on the agriculture. With the almost total deterioration of the irrigation infrastructure developed in the past, agriculture in the area has declined. People of the area are generally poor. Industry is not developed in this area. Employment opportunities are almost absent. As a result large group of workers migrate to other areas. Regional agriculture produce under spate is sorghum, millet crops and fodder crops and where groundwater is available wheat and vegetables are grown. Availability of Spate water is also uncertain and during wet years when it is available, the efficiency of water use is very low due to deteriorated irrigation infrastructure. The net benefitted area of the project is 180 ha and after the project is constructed there is likely to be an incremental area of 20 %. As a result of rehabilitation and modernization of the scheme resulting in better water management, there is likely to a 5 % increase in the crop yield. The project feasibility has established that the incremental net return due to increase in crop yield is likely to be 22.3 % and the incremental net return due to added agricultural land is likely to be 24.5 % or a total added value of 46.80 %. Besides improving the local economy, the project is likely to create employment opportunities for labor, and reduce the seasonal migration. In particular the project will increase the agricultural productivity in the area and will lead to improve livelihood of the poor people of the area, provide domestic water use through GW recharge for the local people, provide drinking water for livestock etc. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 21 of 102 9.3 Possible Minor Negative Impacts and mitigation measures Possible Minor Negative Impacts and mitigation measures are listed below: 9.3.1 Affect of Permanent Structures on changes to Low Flow Regime Usually the permanent structures often affect changes to low flow regime. But weirs though permanent structures are the best mitigation measure for maintaining low flows. The proposed weirs can be designed to operate in a manner to eliminate negative impacts, if any, that may affect downstream users, by considering the various downstream demands and uses and operate the weirs in such a manner that minimizes any potential negative impacts. 9.3.2 Possible increase in use of pesticides after the project At present farmers, use pesticides at reportedly low levels. Normally they use only the conventional methods like smoke for removing the bark to expose the pesticides to natural enemies. In any case Law No. 25 amply takes care of use, control and handling of only permitted pesticides as per WHO/FAO guidelines. Further, adequate training was provided to Shabwa FU under Groundwater & Conservation Project (GSCP) that has since closed in October 2011 and its assets and liabilities transferred to NIP. This training inter-alia covered use, control and handling of pesticides and awareness among farmers in favor of conventional methods. 9.3.3 Conflicting Traditional and Legal Land Rights & Land Conversion to Irrigated Agriculture Small plots, communal land-use rights, and conflicting traditional and legal land rights all create difficulties when land is converted to irrigated agriculture The farmers of Am Qaid belong to tribal societies and for a very long time they have been very successfully following the traditional rules of water distribution without any known conflicts. Further the farmers in the project area indicated that there are landmarks (old built walls made of cement masonry) to form intakes at the tail of secondary canals to distribute irrigation water to the agricultural fields (on field to field basis), the distance between these landmarks controls the volume of irrigation water proportional to the size of the agricultural lands, the distance between the landmarks was also set as traditional customs based on sizes of agricultural fields owned by farmer. This practice will be further cemented after the implementation of this Sub-Project and no potential social conflicts are anticipated among different group of people, different villages/WUGs in competing the water use, particularly with the improved irrigation system. 9.4 Impacts & Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 9.4.1 Construction of Agriculture and Irrigation Facilities Environmental issues related the construction of agriculture and irrigation facilities include construction site waste generation, soil erosion and sediment control of materials – sourcing areas and site preparation activities, fugitive dust and other emersions, noise from heavy equipment and truck traffic, and potential for hazardous materials and oil spills associated with heavy equipment operation and fuelling activities. The project area is large enough to allow for heavy equipment operations and to allow for waste management and material storage in a comfortable and easy way. However some malpractices were observed during the field visit, especially with the transport of dirt and cut materials. Given the nature of the project, it is expected that there will be significant movement of dirt and cut materials, therefore, proper measures have to be undertaken. The matrix presented in Table - II summarizes key mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phase of the project in order to minimize and environmental nuisances or impacts ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 22 of 102 9.4.2 Potential Impact Based on Soil Cover Studies  During the construction and remodelling of spate irrigation system (in areas under single irrigation) basic attention should be paid to the texture of a soil profile, thickness of topsoil (fine earth) down to loose rocks, thickness of intercalations of sand and loamy sand in soil profiles;  During land levelling it is necessary to follow recommendations on maximum cuts. For preservation of fertile layer clamping type of levelling is recommended;  After land levelling a deep ploughing (down to 40 cm) with simultaneous applying of fertilizers (organic and mineral) is required;  Organic and nitrogen fertilizers may be applied in the first place during agricultural development of these lands;  During land levelling it is intolerable to level medium and large sand hummocks. Small hummocks should be levelled for the largest area possible with further ploughing; and  Strictly keeping to agricultural practices will permit at the beginning to preserve and then to improve soil productivity. It will permit to increase yields of agricultural crops as well. 9.5 Impacts & Mitigation Measures during Operational Phase The key relevant environmental issues associated with the project at hand as a typical irrigation project during operations include the following:  Hydrology;  Water and Air Quality;  Local Erosion;  Ecological Imbalance; and  Socio Economic Impacts. 9.5.1 Hydrology The consumptive nature of irrigation means that some change to the local hydrological regime will occur but to a lesser extent, as old schemes are rehabilitated in case of wadi Khawarah. During high flow periods, recharge tends to occur through the river bed whereas groundwater often contributes to low flows. Good irrigation management, closely matching irrigation demands and supply, can reduce seepage and increase irrigation efficiency, thereby reducing the groundwater recharge. The provision of drainage will alleviate the problem locally but may create problems if the disposal water is of a poor quality. Apart from measures to improve water management, two options to reduce seepage are to line canals in highly permeable areas and to design the irrigation infrastructure to reduce wastage. Waterlogging also implies increased health risks in many parts of the world. The matrix presented in Table - III summarizes key mitigation measures to be implemented during the operational phase of the project in order to minimize and environmental nuisances or impacts related to hydrological issues. 9.5.2 Water and Air Quality In general the purer the water, the more valuable and useful it is for riverine ecology and for abstractions to meet human demands such as irrigation, drinking and industry. Conversely, the more polluted the water, the more expensive it is to treat to satisfactory levels. As soil salinity levels rise above plant tolerance levels, both crops and natural vegetation are affected. This leads to disruption of natural food chains and the loss of agricultural production. The critical problem of salinity is covered in the section Soil properties and salinity effects. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 23 of 102 The matrix presented in Table - IV summarizes key mitigation measures to be implemented during the operational phase of the project in order to minimize and environmental nuisances or impacts related to water quality issues. 9.5.3 Local Erosion The method of irrigation profoundly affects the vulnerability of the land to erosion. Because irrigated land is wetter, it is less able to absorb rainfall and runoff will therefore be higher. Field size, stream size (drop size), slope and field layout are all difficult to change and all significantly affect erosion rates. Careful design can avoid the occurrence of erosion problems. Agricultural practices affect soil structure and therefore the soil's erosivity, or the ease with which particles are dislodged. In general land-forming for irrigation, such as land-leveling and the construction of field bunds, tends to reduce erosion. Irrigation infrastructure needs to be designed to ensure that localized erosion, eg gully formation, does not occur. Construction activities generally expose soil to erosion. Following the completion of construction work, vegetation should be established around structures so that bare soil is not exposed to erosive forces. The matrix presented in Table - V summarizes key mitigation measures to be implemented during the operational phase of the project in order to minimize and environmental nuisances or impacts related to local erosion. 9.5.4 Biological and Ecological Change This section focuses on the ecological changes brought about by the project. The most obvious ones are a consequence of the change of land use and water use in the project area but effects on the land around the project and on aquatic ecosystems that share the catchment are likely. Biological diversity, areas of special scientific interest, animal migration and natural industry are important study areas. The overall habitat as well as individual groups (mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, insects etc.) and species need to be considered. Rare and endangered species are often highly adapted to habitats with very narrow ranges of environmental gradients. Such habitats may not be of obvious economic value to man, e.g. arid areas, and therefore current knowledge of the biota may be poor and a special study may be required. Local knowledge is particularly important as the range of species may be very local. 9.5.5 Socio-Economic Impacts Original Designs: The major purpose of irrigated agriculture is to increase agricultural production and consequently improve the economic and social well-being of the area of the project. Although irrigation schemes usually achieve this objective, they could often have been more successful in developing countries if more attention had been paid to the social and economic structure of the project area. Changing land-use patterns are a common cause of problems. Small plots, communal land-use rights, and conflicting traditional and legal land rights all create difficulties when land is converted to the irrigated agriculture. Land tenure/ownership patterns are almost certain to be disrupted by major rehabilitation work as well as a new irrigation project. Access improvements and changes to the infrastructure are likely to require some field layout changes and a loss of some cultivated land. The 'losers' will need tailored compensation best designed with local participation. Similar problems arise as a result of changes to rights to water. User participation at the planning and design stages of both new schemes and the rehabilitation of existing schemes, as well as the provision of extension, marketing and credit services, can minimize negative impacts and maximize positive ones. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 24 of 102 Accordingly, during the planning and design stage a detailed reconnaissance survey was conducted by the Consultants team along with the farmers of the project area and officials of local authority. Assessment and locations of the agricultural land was determined and thereafter proposed future plans and schemes prepared were explained to the local farmers. Positive environmental impact of the project was also explained to the farmers. This has already been mentioned in the earlier section of the report. In brief, the planning/rehabilitation of the scheme has been done avoiding any loss of agricultural land or acquisition of any agricultural land. Also adequate care has been taken during planning stage to avoid dismantling of any structure/settlement. Change in Canal alignment demanded by the beneficiaries: However, as indicated under sub- para 3.3 of this report, the beneficiaries did not agree to Governor’s proposal to start the work on the original (designed) canal alignment. During the meeting held between the Governor, ES Advisor, NIP and the beneficiaries and other stakeholders on July 4-5, 2013, the Governor agreed to beneficiaries’ demand and proposed that the extra cost of US$ 220,000 involved in the change be shared equally between MAI and the Local Council Shabwa. The issue has already been taken up by NIP with MAI and Local Council Shabwa for depositing US$ 220,000 in advance in NIP account before work can be started. Minutes of the meeting with signatures of the Monitoring Committee Members, Am Qaid WUA Board of Directors, and Landowner Representatives are attached at Annex - VI Safeguard Policy of the World Bank (OP/BP 4.12) – Involuntary Resettlement: The shifting of the canal alignment does not trigger Safeguard Policy OP/BP 4.12 as it would pass the wadi and only involves implementation of civil works with additional cost to be spared equally between MAI and Local Council. Clauses - 3 and 4 of the minutes of the meeting signed by the Monitoring Committee Members, Am Qaid WUA Board of Directors, and Landowner Representatives and countersigned by the Governor of Shabwa (Annex - VI) as reproduced below confirm that Safeguard Policy of the World Bank - OP/BP 4.12 is not triggered: The meeting affirms, under no condition, their approval on the adjusted of Am Qaid alignment and ensures no claims, disputed, private land acquisition involved or negative effect might be occurred, currently or on future, on beneficiary's livelihood and income returns; The meeting committed to cooperate with the Contractor, Supervision Firm and local Authority in solving conflicts might be raised that caused delay in the ongoing agreed works. The meeting committed also to water distribution's equity among the beneficiaries and future O&M; 9.5.6 Pest Management Plan and Use of Agriculture Chemicals The pesticides and fertilizers at present are used by farmers in very low quantities. It is quite likely that with the introduction of extensive irrigated agriculture may lead to an increase in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, which could affect the quality of groundwater in area of high water level. A plan covering various aspects of Pest Management and Use of Agriculture Chemicals has been presented in Annex – VIII. 9.6 Social Safeguards As indicated in sub-para 7.3.6 there is no resettlement/land acquisition involved under the project. Therefore, the question of involuntary resettlement and land acquisition does not arise and the World Bank safeguard policy - BP/OP 4.12 is not triggered. 9.7 Possible Project Interventions 9.7.1 Types of Interventions Several types of interventions aimed at preventing, mitigating, or reversing soil and water degradation at various levels within irrigated agriculture are possible. Some are applicable at field or farm level, others at system, regional, or sub regional level. Examples of possible interventions are ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 25 of 102 given below, categorized as policy, engineering, system management, and irrigation/agronomic practice interventions. These have been briefly described here below. 9.7.2 Policy Interventions  Introduce water and power pricing that better represent the market value of water;  Introduce transferable water entitlements;  Set limits for allowable groundwater recharge (amount and quality) and introduce penalties for exceeding these limits;  Provide incentives for land reclamation;  Require exhaustive Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for new irrigation projects; and  Provide incentives for monitoring and reduction of the environmental impact of existing irrigation projects. 9.7.3 Engineering interventions  Incorporate environmental impact considerations in the design, construction, and operation of new irrigation projects;  Improve maintenance of irrigation infrastructure;  Construct drainage facilities;  Improve maintenance of existing drains;  Reuse waste and drain water, and find alternative ways to dispose drainage effluent; and  Prevent or reduce canal seepage, i.e., through lining. 9.7.4 System Management Interventions  Improve the operation of existing irrigation and drainage infrastructure through introduction of management systems, etc.;  Enhance farmers’ involvement in management and maintenance of irrigation and drainage facilities; and  Evaluate the feasibility of implementing on-demand water delivery to farms. 9.7.5 Irrigation/Agronomic Practices Interventions  Minimize water losses in the on-farm distribution system;  Improve irrigation systems performance to minimize deep percolation and surface runoff.  On-farm watercourse improvement and precision land levelling;  Implement more efficient irrigation methods (e.g. drip instead of surface irrigation).  Minimize sediment concentration in runoff water;  Grow different crops or introduce different crop rotations (i.e., less-water demanding crops, more drought- and salt-tolerant crops);  Irrigate according to reliable crop water requirement estimates and leaching requirement calculations;  Manage fertilizer programs so as to minimize nutrients available for detachment and transport; and  Apply soil amendments and reclamation practices. 9.8 Summary of ES Impacts As noted earlier, the scope of the project is to rehabilitate existing irrigation system. Therefore no major negative impacts are expected to be developed from this project. However, the cumulative goal of these efforts is to improve the overall efficiency of the irrigation system within the existing perimeters, and in so doing to increase the production and productivity of the perimeters. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 26 of 102 Based upon the data provided, site visits and discussions with PIU staff and project beneficiaries, no major impacts are anticipated. Possible minor positive and negative impacts were identified associated with certain issues; these are discussed below and summarized in Table – VI. 10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ASPECTS 10.1 General As seen in the previous sections, there are some environmental impacts that could result from the project at hand. However, a number of environmentally mitigation practices were identified and recommended for implementation, especially in the areas of resource utilization and disturbance, and issues related to safety. The recommended practices in the previous sections often included measures for the monitoring of various environmental components. For examples initiatives for improving ground cover in order to preserve the prevalent biodiversity in the project basin, and others. However, it is important that the proposed project maintain a clear and concise strategy as it relates to the environment. The nature of the project does warrant something to the level of an Environmental Management Plan that should be enforced and implemented. Although to be finalized by the project owner, the major components of an Environmental Management Plan for the proposed rehabilitation of irrigation system could be as follows  Setting a basin Policy as it relates to environmental protection;  Planning the needed actions in order to maintain and enforce the policy;  Implementation and Operation according to the policy;  Checking and Corrective Action (i.e., Monitoring and Evaluation); and  Management Review for updates and changes to the said plan. The following are suggested activities to be adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation (MAI) District Office in Shabwa. 10.2 Education: The Ministry must conduct capacity building of its staff as it relates to environmental management and protection. 10.3 Forming a Team: An in-house environmental management team must be formed by selecting an employee from each department to join the environmental team. The team must also comprise of local community representatives, and users of the system (i.e., farmers). 10.4 Designating a Champion: A person that is particularly keen on the topic of environmental management in the project area and performance will be chosen to drive the overall process and who can work to integrate the system. 10.5 Developing a List of Environmental Impacts: Key environmental issues have been defined in this report, however, other issues may arise as the project starts its operation. The MAI and its local office in Shabwa must involve the different stakeholders to examine their activities and thereby becoming educated to the impacts and responsibilities. 10.6 Qualifying and Quantifying as many of the Impacts as possible: Describing and measuring the impacts and developing an accurate assessment of the impacts will make it easier to define targets and to determine whether goals are being achieved. 10.7 Ranking the Impacts in order of Severity, Ease of Fixing, Cost to Fix: this is done through choosing a number of ranking schema to order the impacts. At minimum order the impacts by environmental impact and cost to fix. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 27 of 102 10.8 Determining and defining a set of Objectives: The Ministry’s environmental team shall decide what the objectives will be in the short, medium, and long term. These can be overall themes that span the organization (for example: 10 percent new ground cover or 25 percent siltation reduction). 10.9 Setting Targets for each Objective with clear Timelines: Defining a number of targets for each objective, and deciding upon dates to measure progress. 10.10 Defining responsibilities for each Target: Delineate responsibilities for each target by distributing responsibilities, a competitive environment is formed and success or failure is not reliant on a single person. 10.11 Documenting Objectives, Targets, and Responsibilities: Documenting the environmental team organization, impact assessment, objectives and targets, and timelines. Effective documentation will illustrate benefits, indicate progress, and provide the information needed for audits and certification. 10.12 Project Pest Management Plan General: The frequencies of spates in the wadis of Shabwa are erratic. In the design reports the availability of spates water has been taken as average of 60 hours in a year to irrigate a net area of 180 ha. The main crops are Millet, Sorghum, Sesame, Wheat, Fodder etc. In years of good spate crops like Tomato, Potato, Onion, etc. are also irrigated. The survey conducted reveals that most of the farmers do not use agricultural chemicals rather avoid doing so. The farmers also generally use conventional cultural practices such as peeling of bark of stem to expose hidden pests to natural enemies, dusting with ashes, sorting out of crops before storage, use of smoke as a repellent material to pests. The farmers are likely to continue with their traditional practices even after the project. In any case demand for new pesticides or for greater quantities is unlikely. Already during the implementation of Agricultural Demonstration Program under Wadi Am Qaid (Abyan Governorate) IPM studies have been taken up by AREA of MAI and if required their experience would be used for Am Qaid area also. Training of Farmers in the appropriate use of Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers: There is a proposal to provide theoretical as well as practical training to the farmers of Am Qaid Project in the appropriate use of Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers. A total of 40 farmers would be picked up proportionally from the seven WUGs formed in the Am Qaid Project for training in two batches at an estimated cost of US $ 10,000 for both the batches. The theoretical part of the training would be held in Ataq and the practical part in the Am Qaid Agricultural Fields for a duration of one week each. The timing of the training would be decided in consultation with the farmers after obtaining IDA clearance in due course of time. A Plan covering Pest Management and use of Chemical Fertilizers is presented at Annex - VIII 11.0 MANAGEMENT RULES 11.1 General Formation of WUG: The formation of WUGs started with the public awareness covering all villages of the project for explaining in general scope of project work, participation's value, project benefits, principles of organizing farmer organizations aiming for clearing their priorities and comment to maintaining their infrastructures (secondary/branch canals) under the concept of participatory approach. After reached an agreement with the farmers, the formation of WUGs will be initiated based on each secondary canal considering the group homogeneous and their willing to work together. Going further to form WUA for each primary canal, the groups have to contact the Ministry of Social Affairs obtaining guidelines for forming WUA starting with elect Preparatory Committee to record the farmers who are willing to join the WUA, collecting agreed fees, open a tentative bank account and preparing a draft of WUA Bylaws, ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 28 of 102 When all above procedures completed and reach to the legal WUA founded members (normally 31 according to the Cooperative Law), the Ministry of Social Affairs calls in the local newspaper for the General Assembly meeting where the Preparatory Committee presents their final report and elaborate WUA bylaws for approval before resigning and announced for another person to chair the meeting. The General Assembly (GA) under the supervision of MSA will elect the WUA board of directors (in odd number) and Inspection committee before the announcement of WUA as a legal entity. WUA may form other committees to run its activity as Design, Grievance Redressed, and Education committees …etc. The main functions of WUAs are participatory management and distribution of water, resolution of conflicts and O&M of the infrastructures. Following this procedure the WUA is registered with this Ministry and the working License is issued to the WUAs that enable it to carry out its activity for a whole year. It is obligatory for the WUAs to submit their Annual Report containing the details of activities during the whole year, audited results of their financial accounts, constraints faced by them and any other issue found to be relevant and which the WUA feels need to be addressed. This annual report is reviewed and evaluated by the Ministry and depending upon the satisfactory performance of the WUAs their Working Licenses are reviewed at the end of each year. The license is cancelled if the performance is not found satisfactory. As regards the elections of the various functionaries of the WUAs, their elections are held every three years under the supervision of Ministry of Social Affairs. Long-awaited amendments have also now been made in the Executive Bylaw of the Water Law (No. 33) and its amendments empowering the WUAs in the management of water resources, financing, managing and O&M of Irrigation Projects. An ‘Irrigation Orientation Strategy Study’ is already being carried out under MAI, which will in consultation with MWE, ensure legally empowering the WUAs to fully carryout their legitimate functions. In this regard attention is invited to the Cabinet Decree No. (112) of 2011 concerning the Executive Bylaw of the Water Law No. (33) and its amendments. Section One of this Decree defines Water User Groups/ Associations as: “all beneficiaries and users of water who organize the ir efforts to participate in managing water resources and contribute to financing, managing, maintaining and operating water and irrigation projects and works according to the provisions of the regulation and rules and systems applied.” Article III of Section - 2 of the above Decree provides that this bylaw “aims to implement the provisions of law in the fields of regulation, management, development, rationalization of water resources exploitation, and protection from depletion and pollution; increasing the efficiency of conveyance and distribution, good maintenance and operation of the water structures; participation of beneficiaries in management during development, utilization, protection and maintenance phases.” Further clause (4) of Article VI – “Secondly: Managing the Demand for Water:” of Section Three of the above Decree provides for Activating "the beneficiary shall pay" principle and imposing progressive prices per cubic meter of water used for industrial, commercial or touristic purposes and other non-basic services, and varying the prices of agricultural irrigation water according to the agricultural crop water consumption.” Article XIV of Section Three of the above Decree provides that “If the percentage of members at the general assembly of the water users' association reaches two thirds of the total beneficiaries of the common water source, the decisions made by the general assembly shall be mandatory for all the beneficiaries of that source.” Under the above Bylaw, the beneficiaries are obliged to pay price of agriculture irrigation water according to the agricultural crop water consumption. Since this step would be a revolutionary step of its kind to be introduced for the first time in the country, it will be opposed by the users. Hence, to make it simplified and acceptable to the users, MAI has undertaken ‘Irrigation Orientation Strategy Study’ which will, in consultation with MWE, ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 29 of 102 ensure legally empowering the WUAs to fully carryout their legitimate functions and is likely to propose to levy the charges on per ha basis. These rates are likely to be proposed so that the farmers are encouraged to adopt crops with low water consumption and farms with high water consuming crops are tempted to use install water saving technologies. 11.2 Conflict Resolution Mechanism For resolving the conflicts those may arise between the various stake holders the envisaged mechanism is as follows: (1) Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM): A Local Monitoring Committee was formed in the Project Area based on elections during the process of Consultations in December 2012, that aimed at follow up day to day monitoring of ES activities based on the ESMP in association with ES Field Focal Person especially during the phase of implementation in addition to redressing the grievances of the beneficiaries before, during and after the implementation (Operation and Maintenance phase) of the Sub-Project. This committee shall also This committee comprises three senior persons of high repute of the area. (2) Regional Monitoring Committee (RMC): This committee comprising three official members is headed by In-Charge of Planning and Financial Department at the Local Council and was formed in accordance with Shabwa Governor's Resolution no. (57) Dated 18/6/2013. D.G. Agriculture of Irrigation office and Secretary General of Khwrah District & Am Qaid WUA Chairman are the other two members of this committee. The role of this committee is to follow up any problem that might arise during the finalization of Am Qaid Canal Alignment and general monitoring of the implementation of the Project. 11.3 Women's Participation in the Management Team Though there is adequate participation of women in the management teams on similar projects in other governorates of Yemen but in Shabwa governorate due to conservative nature of the society, women are not facilitated to participate in such activities. However, the role of women in the communities is encouraged in animal husbandry, agricultural activities like seedlings, weeding, harvesting and livestock upkeep etc. Besides this the women of the area are mostly engaged in fetching of water for domestic consumption which is a big task on daily basis. 12.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN 12.1 General The ESMP implementation monitoring and compliance would be undertaken during pre- construction, construction and, post construction phases of the construction or rehabilitation works. Implementation monitoring would be conducted to ensure that adverse environmental impacts outlined by the ESMP are properly mitigated. The ESMP monitoring would be undertaken by the ES NIP’s focal person, Local Monitoring Committee (Section 11.2 and Table - VII) and the field specialist of the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). This committee will review implementation progress, ensure record keeping, inspect implementation procedures compliance and technical/mechanical soundness of equipment. The WUA shall be kept informed of the outcomes of the ESMP monitoring on continuous basis. Monitoring data and observations would be analyzed and reviewed at regular interval. The data would be compared with agreed operating standards. Depending on the scale and nature of the environmental parameters and issues to be considered, the above committee will decide whether visual observation and photographic documentation would be adequate or quantitative assessment of critical environmental parameters in addition to the visual observation would be needed. Where there is deviation from what has been agreed, the committee will report the discrepancies to the project manager and would provide recommendations for corrective action. The monitoring Plan provided in Table - VII identifies parameters that the committee should follow while monitoring implementation progress of ESMP mitigation measures. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 30 of 102 The NIP should keep in mind that this monitoring arrangement may require minor or major revision, if premises/facts under which it was prepared is no more valid. Changes should reflect the new reality (scale, location and new development on the ground) of the construction/rehabilitation work. This should be done in consultation with the Bank. The Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan (ESMP) would be used to mitigate potential environmental and social impacts that may result from rehabilitation/construction works. The respective costs of implementing the ESMP would be met by the parties shown in Table - VIII. Monitoring arrangements would be put in place to track the ESMP implementation progresses. Table - IX provides checklists or parameters that should be verified during monitoring exercises. Summary of Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan (ESMP): The Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan (ESMP) for Construction/Rehabilitation of Am Qaid Weir and existing Main Canal sub project are presented in Table - VIII. This plan provides ES Mitigation to be adopted both during construction and operation phase and covers the following aspects:  Project Activities/Environmental Issues;  E&S Mitigation Measures;  Organization (s) Responsible for the Mitigation Measures;  Institution (s) responsible for Monitoring;  Cost if it is Included in the Tender Document; and  Cost if it is Not Included in the Tender Document. 12.2 Responsibility of the ES Field FP The ES Field FP shall be responsible for carrying out inspection during the construction phase as envisaged under ESMP for the scheme. After each inspection the ES Field FP shall prepare a report containing location and activity under progress, areas of non-compliance with the ESMP. He will give remarks on actions to be taken for proper implementation of the mitigation measures at the construction site/ yards. The report should also contain records of communication between the Supervision Consultant and the Contractor on matters relating to the environment. 12.3 Checklist for the ES Field FP (ES FFP) The activities given in Table – IX are required to be checked during each visit by ES FFP and recorded properly and a copy must be submitted immediately to the Supervision Consultant, the Contractor, NIP and ES Advisor. 12.4 Compliance through Monitoring by NIP The following ES Safeguards shall be monitored by NIP:  Avoiding noise that might be raised during the work. Although, there is practically no noise pollution, this is responsibility of the contractor under the contract and NIP will monitor and ensure its compliance;  Health hazards to workers. Under the contract the contractor is obliged to provide insurance against loss or injury to the workers. NIP will monitor and ensure its compliance;  Regard to the recommendations to be followed and action taken by the Contractor, NIP would ensure that the contractor complies with the applicable recommendations and NIP would ensure to follow up and monitor their implementation. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 31 of 102  During the construction and remodelling of spate irrigation system (in areas under single irrigation) basic attention should be paid to the texture of a soil profile, thickness of topsoil (fine earth) down to loose rocks, thickness of intercalations of sand and loamy sand in soil profiles;  During land levelling it is necessary to follow recommendations on maximum cuts. For preservation of fertile layer clamping type of levelling is recommended;  After land levelling a deep ploughing (down to 40 cm) with simultaneous applying of fertilizers (organic and mineral) is required;  Organic and nitrogen fertilizers may be applied in the first place during agricultural development of these lands;  During land levelling it is intolerable to level medium and large sand hummocks. Small hummocks should be levelled for the largest area possible with further ploughing;  Strictly keeping to agricultural practices will permit at the beginning to preserve and then to improve soil productivity. It will permit to increase yields of agricultural crops as well;  Minimize water losses in the on-farm distribution system;  Improve irrigation systems performance to minimize deep percolation and surface runoff;  On-farm watercourse improvement and precision land levelling;  Implement more efficient irrigation methods (e.g. drip instead of surface irrigation);  Minimize sediment concentration in runoff water;  Grow different crops or introduce different crop rotations (i.e., less-water demanding crops, more drought- and salt-tolerant crops);  Irrigate according to reliable crop water requirement estimates and leaching requirement calculations;  Manage fertilizer programs so as to minimize nutrients available for detachment and transport.  Apply soil amendments and reclamation practices;  NIP would ensure that the summary of ESMP listed in Table - VIII will be made part of the contract and any item not covered by the obligation of the contractor under clauses 12.1, 13.1 of the general condition of the contract and clauses 2.1.3, 2..3, 2.4, 3.0 (3.2, 3.2.3 and 3.3.3) of the technical specifications with be paid under variation order. The estimated costs shown in Table - VIII were not a part of the Bid Document, but the obligations of the contractor towards environmental and social safeguard issues are covered under various contract clauses mentioned above and the costs of these safeguards are deemed to be part of the unit rates of the contractor under the contract. Hence the ESMP listed in Table - VIII will be made part of the contract but, with a view to avoid contractual problems, these estimated costs which are NIP assessment will not be shown in this Table to be made part of the contract and NIP will ensure that the contractor complies with these safeguard obligations otherwise NIP will carry out these at the cost of the contractor; and  NIP and ES Advisor held several (during May 15-23, June, December 17-27, 2012, April, May and July 4–5, 2013)consultations with the Governor of Shabwa, project stakeholders including Local Council, WU Organization (WUA/WUGs) and arranged public awareness with the local community. These consultations revealed that the irrigation system had been eroded since 30 years and the proposed rehabilitation of the system will improve their livelihood and stabilization. Expected benefits of the project will be significant through increase in the amount of spate water, extension of the agricultural lands and increase of the agricultural productivity, reduction of the agricultural lands erosion on both the banks of the Wadi caused by the floods, and will ensure stability of farmers in the rural areas. 12.5 Compliance through Monitoring by the Contractor It is stipulated that mitigation measures like safety of works, maintaining the properties of the owners, proper disposal of solid waste and non-hazardous garbage, ensuring air quality and noise quality, ensuring water and soil quality, ensuring traffic management shall be strictly mitigated by the contractor. These mitigation measures have been outlined in the Table – VIII. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 32 of 102 13.0 MODUS OPERANDI FOR MONITORING AND REPORTING OF ESMP 13.1 General This ESMP stipulates that implementation; monitoring and compliance shall be undertaken during pre-construction, construction and, post construction phases of the various components of Am Qaid Project. It has been envisaged that the monitoring of the ESMP would be undertaken by a committee comprising the NIP ES Field Focal Person (ESFFP), Local Monitoring Committee and the field specialist of the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). The role of the reporter shall be played by the NIP ESFFP directly responsible to the Project Director of the NIP/ES Advisor. The committee shall review implementation progress, ensure record keeping, inspect implementation procedures compliance and technical/mechanical soundness of equipment. 13.2 Role and Responsibilities of the NIP ESFFP The specific issues/concerns listed in the ESMP and other relevant issues shall be strictly followed by the ESFPP. The ESFPP shall also follow the compliance of and provide mitigation measures for these issues/concerns during pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the scheme. S/He shall also ensure compliance by the contractor of the issues/concerns under the obligations of the contractor (as listed in the ESMP) to provide mitigation measures during construction phase of the project. The ESFFP shall Work closely and hold regular consultations with the project’s stakeholders including Local Council, Local Monitoring Committee, EPA and WU Organization (WUA/WUGs), local community leaders, NGOs if any and district and local authorities; The procedures to be followed with regard to the recommendations stipulated in the ESMP and action to be taken by the Contractor, ESFFP shall ensure to follow up and monitor that the contractor complies with the applicable ES safeguards recommendations. The above stipulated tasks shall be accomplished with particular focus on the following:  The Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan (ESMP) would be used to mitigate potential environmental and social impacts that may result from rehabilitation/construction works. The respective costs of implementing the ESMP would be met by the parties shown in Table - VIII. Monitoring arrangements would be put in place to track the ESMP implementation progresses. Table - VII provides the ESMP monitoring Plan while Table - VIII provides Checklist for parameters that should be verified during monitoring exercises;  The ESMP implementation monitoring and compliance would be undertaken during pre- construction, construction and, post construction phases of the construction or rehabilitation works. Implementation monitoring would be conducted to ensure that adverse environmental impacts outlined by the ESMP are properly mitigated;  The ESMP monitoring would be undertaken by the NIP ESFFP, Local Monitoring Committee and the Field Specialist of the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). The committee assisted by NIP ESFFP will review the implementation progress, ensure good record keeping and inspect implementation procedures, compliance and technical/mechanical soundness of the equipment used during implementation;  Monitoring data and observations would be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals. The data would be compared with recommended operating standards. Depending on the scale and nature of the environmental parameters and issues to be considered, the above committee will decide whether visual observation and photographic documentation would be adequate or quantitative assessment of critical environmental parameters in addition to the visual observation would be needed; and  Where there is deviation from what has been agreed, the above committee will report in writing the discrepancies to the NIP Director/ES Advisor and would provide recommendations for corrective action. The monitoring Plan provided in Table - VII identifies parameters that the ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 33 of 102 committee should follow while monitoring implementation progress of the mitigation measures stipulated in the ESMP. 13.3 Site Inspections The following shall be ensured by the ESFFP during the site visits:  Make regular site visits to follow up implementation of the ES mitigation measures;  Generate as much photographic documentation as possible during the site visits in general and particularly when the ES parameters are being implemented;  Provide the checklist of mitigation measures to be monitored as per Table - IX. The checklist will be distributed to all parties concerned with the construction process; and  Ensure that representatives of WUAs and WUGs have completed the checklist and she/he will verify monitoring indicators during her/his field inspections. 13.4 Reporting Obligations The ESFFP shall submit to the NIP Director the following reports in English in respect of all the schemes covered in the scope of his work:  Regular reporting and exchange of information with other stakeholders envisaged in the ESMPs of various schemes;  Monthly Progress Reports separately for works under each Lot;  Quarterly Progress Reports separately for works under each Lot;  Annual Progress Reports separately for works under each Lot; and  Final Progress Report at the end of the Project separately for each Lot. 13.5 Contents of the Reports The progress report shall briefly describe the progress of the implementation of the ES safeguards for works under each Lot. The proposed contents of the monthly report are given below:  A description of any key events during the month;  A description of the weather during the month, plus a table of daily rainfall and maximum/minimum temperatures;  Significant visitors to the project site and their observations ;  Project manager's staff and number of labor; and their comments/observations about the various aspects of works and status of compliance thereto;  A general description of progress during the month and any key factors improving or delaying the progress;  Summary tables of progress and expenditure during the month and to date against the contract provision;  A progress chart in the form of a bar chart for the key activities showing the progress achieved against the projected program and reasons for delay if any; and  Photographic documentation of implementation of various ES activities. The Quarterly Progress Reports would contain the same basic information as the monthly reports but this would be consolidated as data for three-month periods and would include a forecast of progress and expenditure for the subsequent three months. A monthly report would still be required at the end of each quarter also since it forms the primary record of monthly progress. On completion of the project construction works, the ES Field FP will prepare at the end of the project Monitoring Review Report. This report will contain but not limited to the following:  Background of the project;  The empirical findings of the monitoring program and the site inspections; ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 34 of 102  A statement on the methodologies adopted for monitoring, the suitability of equipment utilized, its performance, the practical and technical difficulties experienced in collecting and analyzing the data, recommendations for future works;  A statement on suitability of resources available for monitoring and inspection and recommendations for future works;  A statement on the efficiency, or otherwise, of mitigation measures proposed;  A statement on the significance of any changes identified, both physical and social, as compared to those predicted;  A statement of lessons to be learnt and recommendations on any actions to be taken to ensure that these lessons are translated into positive actions on future projects; and  A summary statement of the overall impact on the environment of the construction phase. 14.0 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING 14.1 Public Health: Under the Contract the Contractor is required to maintain the 'First Aid' Box at the site. In case of any health check-up or emergencies the contractor is required to refer the case to the nearest dispensary/hospital 14.2 Noise and air Pollution: The project site is located away from all residential areas, park areas, school and hospital premises, industrial or commercial areas and the low noise and air pollution created at the site by a few trucks, earthmoving machines, concrete mixers in the remote area where the scheme is located is unlikely to create any pollution level. In any case, under the contract, the contract is required to maintain the machinery in good condition so as to reduce the noise level, if any. Further the contractor under his contract is required to supply ear plugs to the labour and staff for the noise and face masks for the dust etc. 14.3 Drinking Water Potable filtered drinking water is available throughout Yemen and the contractor will supply he same to the labor and staff working on the project 15.0 CAPACITY BUILDING AND CREATION OF PUBLIC AWARENESS 15.1 General The government needs to give a higher priority for Capacity Building at various levels, Public Awareness Building and Enactment of Water Laws as described in the following sections. 15.2 Capacity Building The government needs to take adequate steps for strengthening the technical capacities of the project staff to allow a more comprehensive handling of Surface/Groundwater management interventions as presented in Annex – IX. 15.3 Public Awareness Campaign The responsible agencies under the government need to go for an aggressive Public Awareness Campaign for surface and groundwater conservation and its judicious use is most essential for meeting the goal. The public awareness building on efficient water management and ES issues has to be done through various means as each one has certain merits. The most effective means as mentioned earlier are TV and Radio programs. But the farmer’s awareness and acceptance of the approach and methods could be accelerated through field visits or exposure visits to the site of some successful implementation of water management programs or pilot project areas. Such an approach creates an enabling environment for new ideas and inspiration in the minds of innovative farmers. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 35 of 102 Nevertheless, public awareness campaign should include other means such as workshops, seminars and public meetings where pamphlets handouts and guidelines could be circulated for public benefits. In addition to these common approaches, the motivation for effective and efficient irrigation system can come through Agricultural Extension Agents/Development Activists/NGOs. Apart from the conservation of groundwater, public awareness campaigns are required to be launched to address the environment related issues like proper reuse of wastewater, proper handling and storage of crop chemicals and fertilizers, etc. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 36 of 102 REFERENCES ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 37 of 102 REFERENCES 1. Alkhurasani, M., 2005, the Agricultural Climate Guideline (1981-2004), General Authority of Agricultural Research and Extension, Dhamar (Arabic Copy). 2. Project Appraisal Document, for a Water Sector Support Project (WSSP), January 28, 2009 3. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, 2004-2008 Year Book Statistics, CSO, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. 4. EPA, 1995, the Environmental Protection Law No 26, Sana’a, Yemen 5. MPWH, 1995, Urban Planning Law No.20, Sana’a, Yemen. 6. WSSP, October, 2008, Sector wide Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (SwESA), Final Report, Sana’a, Yemen. 7. National Environmental Action Plan, 1996, Sana’a, Yemen. 8. Environment & Sustainable Investment Program 2003 – 2008, Sana’a, Yemen. 9. Biodiversity Strategy of Yemen, Sana’a, Yemen. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 38 of 102 ANNEXES ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 39 of 102 ANNEX – I (SHEET 1 OF 2) WUA MINUTES OF DECEMBER 2012 ENDORSED BY MAI AND OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR SHABWA ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 40 of 102 ANNEX – I (SHEET 2 OF 2) WUA MINUTES OF DECEMBER 2012 ENDORSED BY MAI AND OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR SHABWA ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 41 of 102 ANNEX – II EPA CLEARANCE ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 42 of 102 ANNEX – III CLEARANCE OF LOCAL COUNCIL SHABWA GOVERNORATE ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 43 of 102 ANNEX - IV (SHEET 1 OF 3) SIGNED REQUEST OF 40 LANDOWNERS FOR SHIFTING OF AM QAID CANAL ALIGNMENT ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 44 of 102 ANNEX - IV (SHEET 2 OF 3) SIGNED REQUEST OF 40 LANDOWNERS FOR SHIFTING OF AM QAID CANAL ALIGNMENT ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 45 of 102 ANNEX - IV (SHEET 3 OF 3) SIGNED REQUEST OF 40 LANDOWNERS FOR SHIFTING OF AM QAID CANAL ALIGNMENT ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 46 of 102 ANNEX – V (SHEET 1 OF 3) MINUTES OF THE MEETING HELD BETWEEN NIP AND CHAIRMAN OF AM QAID WUA HEAD OF MONITORING COMMITTEE FROM AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA GOVERNORATE Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works in wadi Khawrah Shabwa Governorate is presently under implementation by NIP. Chairman of Am Qaid WUA & Head of Local Monitoring Committee namely Mr. Saleh Ahmed Nagi accompanied by one of the beneficiaries namely Abdullah Ali Saleh from this scheme visited NIP office on 22.04.2013 and had meeting with NIP engineers and Mr. Faisal Al'Muraidi Resident Engineer from New Tech Consultation Sana’a a consulting firm contracted by NIP for the construction supervision of this scheme. In his welcome remarks, Mr. Abdu Fadle Director NIP who remained present in the initial stages, welcomed and introduced the above persons to the NIP engineers. Mr. Fadle also remarked that NIP is taking up the implementation of Am Qaid Weir for their benefits and in future they can express their concerns through the concerned WUG/WUA and the Supervising Team and also approach NIP Sana'a office, if found necessary. Mr. KS Sharma Irrigation Advisor provided very valuable advice in respect of some of the issues especially protection of water rights of the downstream water users of wadi Khowrah in general and Sailah Tributary in particular. During this meeting the concerned participants raised a number of concerns concerning design and construction aspects and these were addressed by the NIP team to their satisfaction. Mr. Saleh Ahmed Nagi accompanied by Mr. Mohamed Barakat ES Advisor WSSP visited NIP office again on 23.04.2013 for further clarifications on the above issues and all their concerns were clarified to his satisfaction. The list of participants in the above meetings is as follows: DATE: 22.04.2013 Project Stakeholders Saleh Ahmed Naji Chairman of Am Qaid WUA & Head of Local Monitoring Committee Abdullah Ali Saleh Beneficiary NIP Manohar Singh Irrigation Engineering Consultant JehadTahaMujahed Head Surface Water Unit New Technical Consultant Office (Construction Supervision Firm) Faisal Al'Muraidi Resident Engineer DATE: 23.04.2013 Project Stakeholders Saleh Ahmed Nagi Chairman of Am Qaid WUA & Head of Local Monitoring Committee NIP Manohar Singh Irrigation Engineering Consultant WSSP Mohamed Barakat ES Advisor New Technical Consultant Office (Construction Supervision Firm) Faisal Al'Muraidi Resident Engineer ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 47 of 102 ANNEX – V (SHEET 2 OF 3) MINUTES OF THE MEETING HELD BETWEEN NIP AND CHAIRMAN OF AM QAID WUA The concerns/issues raised by Mr. Saleh Amed Nagi Chairman Am Qaid WUA & Head of the Local Monitoring Committee and the response of NIP thereto is presented in the attached table. At the end of the meeting the Chairman of Am Qaid WUA thanked NIP Team and E&S Advisor and expressed their full satisfaction to the positive response of NIP to their concerns. CONCERN/ISSUES RAISED BY S. THE CHAIRMAN OF AM QAID WUA NIP RESPONSE NO. CONCERNS EXPLANATION Construction The beneficiaries are of the It was clarified that as per the design, construction material used for impression as if Gabions material used for the main section of the Overflow 1 the main section shall be used for the Weir is Stone Masonry and not the gabions and the of the Overflow construction of main Weir relevant drawings were shown to the Chairman of Weir. Section. the Am Qaid WUA The Chairman of the Am Qaid WUA was assured The Chairman of the Am that the alignment of the canal in such reaches after Qaid WUA expressed the these are identified would be shifted towards the concern of the beneficiaries Shifting of the wadi side and the gabion protection already that alignment of the canal in Canal Alignment provided in the design would be strengthened as most reaches passes through in most reaches would be necessary. But the claims of such the eroded portions of wadi and beneficiary that this was once their land should be 2 bank that was once their strengthening of certified by the local authorities. Accordingly, Mr. agricultural lands and the wadi side of Faisal the Supervising Engineer was instructed to wanted the alignment to be the right bank of identify such reaches in consultation with the shifted towards the wadi side the canal. beneficiaries and only after it is got certified by and also ensure proper them from local authorities, revise the canal design strengthening of the wadi and drawings of this Canal Distributor and submit side of the right canal bank. to NIP for approval accordingly. Agreement for It was agreed that an agreement would be made by the New Canal After shifting of the canal the beneficiary and ratified by the local authorities Alignment alignment is agreed, it would for the New Canal Alignment before taking up the before taking up be necessary to decide about work of revision of designs & drawings. Mr. 3 the work of the new canal alignment to Faisal the Resident/Supervising Engineer was revision of take up revision in the therefore, instructed to follow up the matter and designs & design and drawings. take up the work of revision of designs & drawings drawings accordingly. Keeping in view the funds constraints and the late Vertical Steel Gates have stage when the implementation of this scheme is been provided at the head of underway, it was explained to the Chairman of the the canal to control the water Am Qaid WUA that it may not be possible to flow in the main canal. But provide gates in these openings. But it was assured Provision of the openings of the Canal to them that suitable C-Channel Grooves shall be Gates in the Distributor at 1.526 km are provided in the sides of the openings and the 4 openings of un-gated so that all the beneficiaries if they want to close some of the Canal canals get continuous water canals would be in a position to do so by inserting Distributor flow. But the beneficiaries wooden needles in to these grooves. Mr. Faisal the desired to know if gates in Resident/Supervising Engineer was instructed to these openings would be amend the design and drawings of this Canal possible for controlling Distributor and submit to NIP for approval water in to these canals. accordingly. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 48 of 102 ANNEX – V (SHEET 3 OF 3) MINUTES OF THE MEETING HELD BETWEEN NIP AND CHAIRMAN OF AM QAID WUA CONCERN/ISSUES RAISED BY S. THE CHAIRMAN OF AM QAID WUA NIP RESPONSE NO. CONCERNS EXPLANATION It was explained to the Chairman of the Am Qaid WUA that construction of ogmas to The Chairman of Am Qaid Provision of ogma in raise the water level in the canal in such WUA reported the concern of the canal to raise the reaches would not serve the intended purpose. the beneficiaries that in some water level in some Instead it was suggested that the crest of the reaches the canal bed level is 5 reaches of the canal Drop Structures in such reaches would be much lower than the adjoining where the bed level raised as per site conditions. Mr. Faisal the lands and wanted NIP to is much lower than Resident/Supervising Engineer was instructed provide ogmas in the canal to the lands. to identify such reaches and revise the design raise the water level. and drawings of this Canal Drops and submit to NIP for approval accordingly. It was explained to the Chairman of Am Qaid WUA that it is possible to modify the design of the canal structure to cater for their demand. But to do so there is a need to identify the farmers in the downstream who At about 745 m are the beneficiaries from this tributary downstream of the The main canal from Am especially in the lean period and make an Spate Works a small Qaid spate works lies on the agreement to the affect that they have no tributary namely left wadi bank and need to objection, if the flows from Sailan tributary Sailah joins the cross the said Sailah are entered in to the main Am Qaid Canal. 6 wadi on the left bank Tributary. In order to The beneficiaries were therefore, advised to and the beneficiaries supplement canal flows, the make such an agreement between the want that water beneficiaries wish that the concerned beneficiaries and get it ratified from this tributary flows of this tributary be from the concerned WUA/WUG and the should be entered in entered in to the main canal. concerned Local Authorities of the area. The to the main canal. beneficiaries agreed to make such agreement and send the same to NIP by first week of May 2013 for timely modification of the design of the Canal Structure at the crossing point. It was agreed that such piece of land that can be directly irrigated from the canal shall be Provision of an The beneficiaries intimated identified by Mr. Faisal the opening in the canal that there is a small piece of Resident/Supervising Engineer and if immediately land that needs to be irrigated necessary provision of a pipe outlet of downstream of the 7 directly from the main canal suitable diameter shall be made at this junction point of the and therefore, demanded to location to irrigate this small area. Mr. Faisal Sailah Tributary provide an opening in the the Resident/Supervising Engineer was with the Khawrah main canal at this location. instructed to identify such location and make Wadi. design of a pipe outlet of suitable size and submit to NIP for approval accordingly. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 49 of 102 ANNEX – VI (SHEET 1 OF 5) MINUTE OF THE ES FINAL CONSULTATIONS AND AGREEMENT (JULY 2013) ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 50 of 102 ANNEX – VI (SHEET 2 OF 5) MINUTE OF THE ES FINAL CONSULTATIONS AND AGREEMENT (JULY 2013) ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 51 of 102 ANNEX – VI (SHEET 3 OF 5) MINUTE OF THE ES FINAL CONSULTATIONS AND AGREEMENT (JULY 2013) MINUTE BETWEEN NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP), LANDOWNERS AND BENEFICIARIES REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS AND CANAL ON WADI KHWRA SABWA GOVERNORATE To meet the concerns of Am Qaid canal alignment raised by the beneficiaries to NIP on 22/4/2013, two meeting were held dated 4 – 5/7/2013 between the National Irrigation Program (NIP), Am Qaid WUA Board of Directors and Landowner Representatives of Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works and Canal on Wadi Khwra, Lower Markha District – Shabwa Governorate. Names and signatures of the Monitoring Committee, Am Qaid WUA Board of Directors and Landowner Representatives are recorded in the attached (Sheet 4 of 5 of this Annex) that to be considered as a conditional part of this minute. In these two days, the meeting reviewed the adjusted Am Qaid canal alignment that proposed by Am Qaid WUA and accordingly designed by the Resident Engineer (Construction Supervision Firm). Now, therefore, the meeting agrees as under: 1. It should be confirmed that portion of the original/ historical Am Qaid canal was flood eroded on 1996 and became now part of the wadi level. When the Consulting Engineering Services Ltd designed the canal on 2011, small private portions of agricultural lands have been included in the design as per the attached design. Therefore the meeting confirms approval of the adjusted design prepared by the Construction Supervision Firm as per NIP minute No. 846 dated 27/4/2013. This minute was signed by NIP Director, Chairman of Am Qaid WUA, ESM Advisor, Resident Engineer, and related NIP Engineers; 2. The meeting affirms shift of the first portion of Am Qaid main canal alignment that passing through private agricultural lands to the old natural and historical alignment with maximum shift of seventy (70m). At the same time the wadi width will remain as to more than 200m wide; 3. The meeting affirms, under no condition, their approval on the adjusted of Am Qaid alignment and ensures no claims, disputed, private land acquisition involved or negative effect might be occurred, currently or on future, on beneficiary's livelihood and income returns; 4. The meeting committed to cooperate with the Contractor, Supervision Firm and local Authority in solving conflicts might be raised that caused delay in the ongoing agreed works. The meeting committed also to water distribution's equity among the beneficiaries and future O&M; 5. The meeting agreed on the start of Am Qaid civil works as per adjusted and agreed design of the natural and historical canal alignment indicated by the beneficiaries; 6. The meeting affirms, that this understanding and reached agreement has been approved by all land owners and beneficiaries of Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works and canal adjusted alignment. The meeting confirms that there are no other claims regarding Am Qaid rehabilitated area and this agreement should be considered as final and will not be applicable for any change or adjustment after been signed and endorsed. 7. To reach the final cost of the adjusted canal alignment, the director of NIP Surface Water Unit and Construction Supervision Firm estimated the final canal alignment cost that to include all protection works to its legal allowed condition. These estimated costs amounted to US$ 220,000 which raised the total project's cost to 22%; 8. This minute will be raised to the Minister of MAI and Shabwa Governor seeking approval on the extra cost mentioned above and requesting their instruction on the start of civil works as per the adjusted canal design and BOQs; 9. Since the contractor's machines and equipment are located already in the site for more than three months, the meeting requesting for immediate start of the civil works to save time, avoid Local Community and public concerns. Signed at present of the Secretary-General of Lower Markha District: Mr. Saleh Ahmed Nagee Endorsed and Signed by Shabwa Governor: Mr. Ahmed Ali Ba-Hajj. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 52 of 102 ‫)‪ANNEX – VI (SHEET 4 OF 5‬‬ ‫بيان أسماء وتوقيعات لجنة المتابعة وأعضاء الهيئة اإلدارية لجمعية أمقيـد لمستخدمي المياه‬ ‫واألهالي المفوضين عن المالك والمستـفيدين من قنـاة أمقيـد خوره مديرية مرخة السفلى محافظة شبـوة‬ ‫‪LIST OF THE MONITORING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, AM QAID WUA BOARD OF‬‬ ‫‪DIRECTORS AND LANDOWNER REPRESENTATIVES‬‬ ‫رقم التلفون‬ ‫التوقيع‬ ‫المهنـــة‬ ‫االســـم‬ ‫الرقم‬ ‫‪MOBILE‬‬ ‫‪SIGNATURE‬‬ ‫‪OCCUPATION‬‬ ‫‪NAME‬‬ ‫‪NO.‬‬ ‫‪NO.‬‬ ‫رئيس لجنة التخطيط والمالية بالمجلس المحلي رئيس‬ ‫لجنة المتابعة المشكلة بحسب قرار محافظ محافظة شبوة‬ ‫رقم (‪ )75‬لسنة ‪3112‬‬ ‫‪511113211‬‬ ‫‪Head of newly formed Monitoring‬‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫سعيد محمد المرنوم‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪555737171‬‬ ‫‪Committee by Shabwa governor's‬‬ ‫‪resolution no. (57) dated 18/6/2013 and in‬‬ ‫‪charge of Planning and Financial‬‬ ‫‪Committee at the Local Council‬‬ ‫مدير عام مكتب الزراعة والري عضو اللجنة‬ ‫‪Mission‬‬ ‫‪521311331‬‬ ‫‪D.G. Agriculture and Irrigation office,‬‬ ‫فهد مبروك سالم‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Member of the Monitoring Committee‬‬ ‫رئيس جمعية أمقيد لمستخدمي المياه – خوره‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522273151‬‬ ‫م‪ /‬مرخه السفلى وعضو اللجنة ومالك أرض‬ ‫صالح أحمد ناصر ناجي‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Am Qaid WUA Chairman and Landowner‬‬ ‫أمين عام الجمعية ومالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522227157‬‬ ‫عبد القادر مبارك بن ناجي‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪WUA Secretary-General and Landowner‬‬ ‫المسؤول المالــي للجمعية ومالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪521527172‬‬ ‫ريدان سالم أحمد الشوتري‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪Financial Manager and Landowner‬‬ ‫‪555121211‬‬ ‫مسؤول العالقات العامة للجمعية ومالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫أحمد علي صالح ناجي‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪527717171‬‬ ‫‪General Relation Manager and Landowner‬‬ ‫مسؤول الجانب الزراعي بالجمعية ومالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522131555‬‬ ‫‪In-charge of Agricultural Activities and L.‬‬ ‫أحمد سالم سعيد‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Owner‬‬ ‫مسؤول الجانب اإلعالمي بالجمعية ومالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522172221‬‬ ‫‪In-charge of Informative activities and L.‬‬ ‫سند محسن ناصر جوهر‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Owner‬‬ ‫مسؤول الجانب الثـقافـي بالجمعية ومالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪525135755‬‬ ‫‪In-charge of cultural activities and L.‬‬ ‫صالح فريد علي‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522331125‬‬ ‫صالح سالم ناصر‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522122111‬‬ ‫عبد الحكيم جعبل مساعد‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522227157‬‬ ‫محمد عبد القادر ناجي‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫‪ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013‬‬ ‫‪53 of 102‬‬ ‫)‪ANNEX – VI (SHEET 5 OF 5‬‬ ‫بيان أسماء وتوقيعات لجنة المتابعة وأعضاء الهيئة اإلدارية لجمعية أمقيـد لمستخدمي المياه‬ ‫واألهالي المفوضين عن المالك والمستـفيدين من قنـاة أمقيـد خوره مديرية مرخة السفلى محافظة شبـوة‬ ‫‪LIST OF THE MONITORING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, AM QAID WUA BOARD OF‬‬ ‫‪DIRECTORS AND LANDOWNER REPRESENTATIVES‬‬ ‫التوقيع‬ ‫رقم التلفون‬ ‫المهنـــة‬ ‫االســـم‬ ‫الرقم‬ ‫‪SIGNATURE‬‬ ‫‪MOBILE NO.‬‬ ‫‪OCCUPATION‬‬ ‫‪NAME‬‬ ‫‪NO.‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522172737‬‬ ‫مهدي سالم ناصر‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522311331‬‬ ‫مبارك علي ناجي‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522311331‬‬ ‫مبارك سالم الشوتري‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪525121112‬‬ ‫على أحمد ناصر ناجي‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪521755535‬‬ ‫محمد أمبارك ناجي‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522272121‬‬ ‫علي محمد الشوتري‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522121117‬‬ ‫على صالح علي ناجي‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫مالك أرض‬ ‫‪Signed‬‬ ‫‪522771257‬‬ ‫عادل صالح أحمد ناجي‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪Land Owner‬‬ ‫‪ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013‬‬ ‫‪54 of 102‬‬ ANNEX – VII (SHEET 1 OF 3) LIST OF BENEFICIARIES AND STAKEHOLDERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE PROCESS OF CONSULTATIONS No NAME POSITION FIRST SESSION OF CONSULTATION MAY 2012 NIP PARTICIPANTS 1 WadeeAselwi IAS Specialist 2 Ahmed Al Muaallem Institutional Specialist 3 Sadeq Al Shameeri Sociologist SHABWA AGRICULTURAL OFFICE 5 Fahd Mabrook Salem GD of Shabwa Agriculture Office 6 Ahmed Saleh Bin Sana'a Shabwa Agriculture Office Deputy- General Director 7 Mazen Ahmed Ala'shla Civil Engineer 7 Mohammed Saleh Agricultural Advisor 8 Salem Ahmed Al Henni Agronomist 10 Abdulqader Abdullah NaserLizelam Agricultural Advisor 11 Nadhem Mohammed Abu Baker Agronomist SHABWA GARWSP OFFICE 12 Saleh Ahmed Taher General Director of Shabwa GARWSP Office 13 Naser Mohammed Ba Oam Financial Affairs Director 14 Marwan Mohammed Ba Ruwais Engineer SHABWA EPA OFFICE 15 Naif Ali MusaadAlkhuleifi GD of Shabwa EPA Office SHABWA NWRA OFFICE 16 NaifQasem Ali Abdullah Water Awareness Officer SHABWA GOV. LOCAL COUNCIL 17 Saeed Al Marnoom Shabwa Gov. Planning Committee Chairman 18 Saleh Ahmed NaserNaji Markha Province Local Council -General Secretary 19 Markha Province Agriculture Office 20 Ahmed Mohammed Al Qaheli General Director SHABWA SOCIAL AND WORK AFFAIRS OFFICE 21 Rabeea Mohammed Al Ahssan Deputy General Director MEDIA 22 Salem Saleh Bu Snaid Yemen TV Correspondent 23 Omar Othman Al Harr Sheba News Agency Correspondent FARMERS, WUGS AND LOCAL PEOPLE BENEFITED FROM AM QAID DIVERSION WORKS 24 Fadhel Ali Naj Farmer 25 Mahdi Salem Naser Farmer 26 Mubarak Mohammed Atteff Deputy Prosecution/Farmer 27 Ahmed Ali SalehNaji Farmer 28 Mohammed Mubarak Ali Naji GD of Land Office, Shabwa/Farmer 29 Naji Ahmed Ali Saleh Farmer 30 Saleh Salem NaserNaji Farmer 31 Hussein NajiNaserNaji Maintenance Supervisor/Farmer 32 Mubarak Salem SalehAlshutari Farmer 33 Ahmed Salem Saeed Farmer 34 Saleh Ali Ahmed Al Shah Farmer 35 Mubarak Mohammed Ali Saleh Farmer 36 Abdulqader Mubarak Ali Farmer 36 Abdullah Ali Saleh Solider 37 Mohammed Ahmed Ali Mifttah Farmer 38 Abdullah Mabbkhoot Salem Teacher/Farmer 39 Naji Mohammed Mubarak Ali Farmer 40 Saleh Ahmed NaserNaji Local Council General Secretary/Farmer 41 Ba Saad Mohammed FareedMiftah Farmer 42 Ahmed Ali Mohammed Mifttah Farmer 43 Jawhar Bin Omar Farmer ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 55 of 102 ANNEX – VII (SHEET 2 OF 3) LIST OF BENEFICIARIES AND STAKEHOLDERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE PROCESS OF CONSULTATIONS 44 Mohammed Hussein Attif Social Figure/Farmer 45 Ahmed Hussein Attif Farmer 46 Ali Mohammed salehNaji Farmer 47 Ali Abdullah Saeed Amber Farmer 48 AnttarSaleh Ali Ahmed Farmer 49 JeabelMusaaed Ali Farmer 50 Ali Ahmed NaserNaji Farmer 51 SanadMuhsenNaser Farmer 52 Raydan Salem Ahmed Alshuttari Farmer 53 Mubarak Saleh Ali Farmer 54 Mohammed Hussein Naji Student 55 Mubarak Ali NajiNaser Student 56 Ghaleb Mubarak Ahmed Alshuttari Social Figure/Farmer SECOND SESSION OF CONSULTATION JUNE 2012 NIP PARTICIPANTS 1 WadeeAselwi ISA Specialist 2 Sadeq Al Shameeri Sociologist SHABWA AGRICULTURAL OFFICE 3 Salem Ahmed Al Henni Agronomist 4 Abdulqader Abdullah NaserLizelam Agricultural Advisor 5 Nadhem Mohammed Abu Baker Agronomist AM QAID WUA MEMBERS / FARMERS 6 Saleh Ahmed Naser Chairman of Board of Directors 7 Abdulqader Mubarak Ali General Secretary 8 Raydan Salem Ahmed Financial Officer 9 Ahmed Ali Saleh Public Relation Officer 10 Ahmed Salem Saeed Agricultural Officer 11 Sanad Mohsen Information Officer 12 SalehFareed Ali Cultural Officer 13 Mubarak Salem Design Committee Chairman 14 Saleh Salem Naser Member 15 Saleh Ali Al Shahri Member 16 Mubarak Ali Ahmed Monitoring Committee Chairman 17 Ghaleb Mubarak Ahmed Secretary 18 Ba SaadHamedFareed Member 19 AbdulhakeemJa’il Member 20 Mahdi Salem Naser Member 21 Mohammed Mubarak Ali Farmer 22 Ali Ahmed Naser Farmer 23 AnterSaleh Ali Farmer 24 Mubarak Ahmed Hussein Farmer 25 Ali saleh Ali Naji Farmer 26 Mabkhoot Mubarak Salem Farmer 27 Saleh Ali Salem Alshoutari Farmer 28 AkramSaleh Ali salemAlshoutari Farmer 29 JeabelMusaaed Ali Farmer 30 Salem Ali Naji Farmer 31 Hussein NajiNaser Farmer 32 Mubarak Ali Naji Farmer 33 Yaser Ali Ahmed Farmer 34 Salem Mohammed Alshoutari Farmer 35 Mahdi Mubarak naji Farmer 36 Naser Ali Al Shaher Farmer 37 Mohammed Ahmed Alshoutari Farmer 38 Mohammed SalehAlshoutari Farmer 39 Adel Saleh Ahmed Naser Farmer ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 56 of 102 ANNEX – VII (SHEET 3 OF 3) 40 Yousef Mohammed Jawhr Farmer 41 Mohammed Abdullah SalehNaji Farmer THIRD SESSION OF CONSULTATION DECEMBER 2012 NIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Mohammed Barakat ESM Advisor 3 Abdulhameed Al Qadasi SWIU Director Assistant 4 WadeeAselwi IAS Specialist 5 Sadeq Al Shameeri Sociologist EPA PARTICIPANTS 6 Ahmed Al Dahmashi Environmental Specialist SHABWA GOVERNORATE DEPARTMENT 7 Ahmed Ali Ba Haj Shabwa Governor 8 Saeed Al Marnoom Shabwa Gov. Planning Committee Chairman AGRICULTURE OFFICE PARTICIPANTS 9 Ahmed Saleh Bin Sanaa Deputy GD of Shabwa Agriculture Office 10 Mohammed Saleh Agricultural Advisory Director 11 Mohammed Al Shubeil Irrigation Department Director 12 Salem Ahmed Al Henni Agronomist 13 Nadhem Mohammed Abu Baker Agronomist LOCAL COUNCIL 14 Mohammed Mubarak Naji Local Council General Secretary AM QAID WUA MEMBERS 15 Saleh Ahmed Naser Chairman of Board of Directors 16 Raydan Salem Ahmed Financial Officer 17 Mohammed Mubarak Ali Naji GD of Land Office, Shabwa/Farmer 18 Fadhl Ali Naji Farmer 19 Salem Mohammed Alshutary Member of Monitoring Committee 20 Abdullah SalehFareed Farmer 21 Naser Ali Ahmed Farmer 22 Ali Ahmed Naser Farmer 23 Abdulqader Mubarak Ali Am Qaid WUA General Secretary /Farmer 24 Ahmed HasanJawhar Farmer 25 Naji Mubarak Ali Farmer 26 Ahmed Ali Meftah Farmer 27 SalehFareedMeftah Cultural Officer/Farmer 28 Ahmed Salem Saeed Agricultural Officer/ Farmer 29 Saleh Ali Ahmed Farmer 30 Omar Ben Ahmed Ali Farmer 31 JeabelMusaaed Ali Farmer 32 Hussein NajiNaser Farmer 33 JameelMusaaed Ali Farmer 34 Salah Saleh Ahmed Naser Farmer 35 Mahdi Salem NaserNaji Farmer 36 SalehFareed Ali Farmer 37 Mubarak Salem Ahmed Al Shoutari Farmer 38 JameelMusaaed Ali Farmer 39 Sanad Mohsen Jawhr Farmer FOURTH SESSION OF CONSULTATION APRIL 2013 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM OFFICIALS WHO OVERSAW THE PROCEEDINGS 1 Mr. Abdo Fadle NIP Director 2 Mr. K.S. Sharma Irrigation Advisor NIP OFFICIALS WHO PARTICIPATED 3 Mr. Manohar Singh Irrigation Engineering Consultant 4 Mr. Mohamed Barakat ES Advisor 5 Mr. Jehad Taha Mujahed Head of SWIU NEWTECK SUPERVISING ENGINEER 6 Mr. Faisal Al Muraidi Supervising Engineer ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 57 of 102 PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS 7 Mr. Saleh Ahmed Nagi Chairman of Am Qaid WUA 8 Mr. Abdullah Ali Saleh Farmer FIFTH SESSION OF CONSULTATION JUNE 2013 1 Governor of Shabwa 2 Local Council Memebers 3 Former Deputy Minister Agriculture (MAI) 4 Head of NIP SWIU 5 Stakeholders 6 Beneficiaries SIXTH AND FINAL SESSION OF CONSULTATION JULY 2013 1 In charge of the Governor office of Shabwa 2 Secretary General of Shabwa Governorate 3 Local Council Members 4 Secretary General of Markha district 5 Former Agricultural Deputy Minister (MAI) 6 Planning and Financial Department 7 ES Advisor 8 NIP head SWIU 9 Supervising Engineer fro NEWTECH 10 Am Qaid WUA members 11 Monitoring Committee 12 18 of the Landowner Representatives ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 58 of 102 ANNEX – VIII (SHEET 1 OF 5) PROJECT PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN 1.0 General The frequencies of spates in the wadis of Shabwa are erratic. In the design reports the availability of spates water has been taken as average of 60 hours in a year to irrigate a net area of 180 ha. The main crops are Millet, Sorgum, Sesame, Wheat, Fodder etc. In years of good spate crops like Tomato, Potato, Onion, etc. are also irrigated. The survey conducted reveals that most of the farmers do not use agricultural chemicals rather avoid doing so. The farmers also generally use conventional cultural practices such as peeling of bark of stem to expose hidden pests to natural enemies, dusting with ashes, sorting out of crops before storage, use of smoke as a repellent material to pests. The farmers are likely to continue with their traditional practices even after the project. In any case demand for new pesticides or for greater quantities is unlikely. Already during the implementation of Agricultural Demonstration Program under Wadi Ahwar (Abyan Governorate) IPM studies have been taken up by AREA of MAI and if required their experience would be used for Am Qaid area also. 2.0 Training of Am Qaid Farmers in the appropriate use of Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers There is a proposal to provide theoretical as well as practical training to the farmers of Am Qaid Project in the appropriate use of Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers. A total of 40 farmers would be picked up proportionally from the seven WUGs formed in the Am Qaid Project for training in two batches at an estimated cost of US $ 10,000 for both the batches. The theoretical part of the training would be held in Ataq and the practical part in the Am Qaid Agricultural Fields for a duration of one week each. The timing of the training would be decided in consultation with the farmers after obtaining IDA clearance in due course of time. 3.0 Applicability of World Bank policy on Pest Management "The World Bank policy on Pest Management is applicable when any one of more of these three conditions are met: (1) projects under which any procurement of pesticides or pesticide application equipment is envisaged, either directly by the project, indirectly through on-lending or government counterpart funding; (2) projects are expected to introduce new pest management practices, or to expand or alter existing pest management practices; (3) any project that may lead to substantially increased pesticide use and subsequent environmental and health risks. The first two conditions do not apply to the spate diversion work for Wadi Khawrah and, as for the third condition; this spate diversion work may lead to minor increases in pesticide and agricultural chemical use. Nonetheless, this Sub-Project Pest Management Plan has been prepared for guidance on these matters. The procurement of any pesticide in a Bank-financed project is contingent on an assessment of the nature and degree of associated risks, taking into account the proposed use and the intended users. With respect to the classification of pesticides and their specific formulations, the Bank refers to the World Health Organization's Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO 1994-95). The following criteria apply to the selection and use of pesticides in Bank-financed projects: (a) They must have negligible adverse human health effects. (b) They must be shown to be effective against the target species. (c) They must have minimal effect on non-target species and the natural environment. The methods, timing, and frequency of pesticide application are aimed to minimize damage to natural enemies. Pesticides used in public health programs must be demonstrated to be safe for inhabitants and domestic animals in the treated areas, as well as for personnel applying them. (d) Their use must take into account the need to prevent the development of resistance in pests." ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 59 of 102 ANNEX – VIII (SHEET 2 OF 5) PROJECT PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN The Bank requires that any pesticides it finances be manufactured, packaged, labeled, handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to standards acceptable to the Bank. The Bank does not finance formulated products that fall in WHO classes IA and IB, or formulations of products in Class II, if (a) the country lacks restrictions on their distribution and use; or (b) they are likely to be used by, or be accessible to, lay personnel, farmers, or others without training, equipment, and facilities to handle, store, and apply these products properly. 2.0 Relevant Yemeni Laws The regulation and control and handling of pesticides in Yemen is governed by Law No. 25 for the year 1999 concerning the regulation of handling pesticides for plant pests. This Law concerns the MAI (General Department of Plant Protection). This law provides for Regulation of Agricultural Pesticides; Handling of Agricultural Pesticides; Control and Inspection; Penalties for Violation; and prohibits import of pesticides of any kind without acquiring prior approval of the Competent Authority; and provides that \ international and regional agreements with which Yemen is bound must be regarded in the implementation of this Law. Under the Law No. 25, the MAI has further issued following publications concerning Agricultural Pesticides:  Publication of MAI (General Department of Plant Protection) dated March 2008 providing list of Pesticides Banned (177 Nos.) and severely Restricted (154 Nos.) in Yemen Republic.  Publication of MAI (General Department of Plant Protection) dated November 2001 giving list of Pesticides allowed to be used in ROY with their (i) common names; (ii) Formulae; (iii) Trade Names; (iv) Producer; (v) Country of Origin; (vi) Local representatives etc.  List of Active Ingredients of Agricultural Pesticides allowed in Republic of Yemen. This list gives (i) Name, (ii) Type (iii) Common Name and (iv) Classification as per WHO / FAO 4.0 Yemen’s experience in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) In recent years, the GOY has gained increasing experience with integrated pest management (IPM) techniques, preparing pest management plans for grapes and qat, building capacity in MAI’s Department of Plant Protection, and providing outreach and advise to farmers. Many of these activities were, in fact, financed by the SBWMP. In all the FUs of GSCP also adequate training was provided to enhance farmers' awareness on proper and safe use of pesticides, to build farmers' capacity and skills on Integrated Pest Management and its implementation to distinguish between natural enemies (parasitoids and predators) and pests and depend on use of natural enemies and minimize pesticide use and on proper handling of pesticides, storage of pesticides, and proper disposal of empty containers and on farmers’ use protective devices such as spraying uniforms, goggles, respirators and gloves and not to eat, chew qat or smoke during spraying, and on the use of conventional cultural practices such as peeling of bark of stem to expose hidden pests to natural enemies, dusting with ashes, sorting out of crops before storage, use of smoke as a repellent material to pests are useful tools in designing IPM strategies etc. NIP will reinforce and build on these experiences as necessary to ensure proper pest management. Already during the implementation of Agricultural Demonstration Program under Wadi Am Qaid (Abyan Governorate) IPM studies have been taken up by AREA of MAI and if required their experience would be used for Am Qaid area also. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 60 of 102 ANNEX – VIII (SHEET 3 OF 5) PROJECT PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN 3.0 Use of Chemical Fertilizers 3.1 General Methods of Storing and Handling of Fertilizers Currently, following fertilizers are being used in Yemen:  UREA  NPK 20:20:20  Ammonium Sulphate  Super Phosphate The farmers for the safe storage of fertilizers must adopt the following practices:  The fertilizers should be kept away from the source of heat or fire. Even do not permit smoking and use of naked lights in the storage area  Care should be taken that the fertilizer shall not be mixed with combustible materials and substance  On farm, ensure that the fertilizer is not stored near hay, straw, diesel oils, etc.  Ensure high standard of housekeeping in the storage area. The storage area shall be properly ventilated and dry. Care should be taken so that no damping in the storage place takes place. The farmers shall follow the below mentioned procedure during handling the fertilizers:  Avoid excessive generation of dust during the application or transfer  Avoid fertilizer contamination by combustible and incompatible materials  Avoid unnecessary exposure to the atmosphere to prevent moisture pick up  Wear gloves when handling the product over long periods 3.2 Potential Health Hazard Associated with Fertilizer There are no such health hazards associated with the fertilizer unless the contact is prolonged for some time. Prolonged contact with skin may cause some irritation. Small quantities of ingestion of fertilizer do not impart any adverse effect on the body. However, large quantities may give rise to gastro-intestinal disorders inducing nausea and vomiting. High dust concentrations of air borne material may cause irritation of the nose and upper respiratory tract with symptoms such as sore throat and coughing. 3.3 Use of Agriculture Chemicals The survey conducted reveals that most of the farmers do not use agricultural chemicals rather avoid doing so. However, it is likely that in future the farmer may consider using chemical fertilizers. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 61 of 102 ANNEX – VIII (SHEET 4 OF 5) PROJECT PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN 3.4 Potential Health Hazards Associated with Crop Chemicals In addition to killing insects, weeds or other pests, pesticides used on home, school or park landscapes can pose risks to human health and the environment. Pesticides applicators are at special risk of exposure as they handle and apply pesticides. There are many harmful effects that have been linked to pesticide exposure, including rashes, respiratory ailments, permanent vision impairment, reproductive problems, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and others. Applicators can be exposed to the pesticides during the mixing and loading of pesticides, during the application process or afterwards. There are multiple potential routes of exposure through the skin and eyes or via inhalation or oral ingestion. Once pesticides are absorbed through the skin, lunges or intestinal tract, they enter the blood stream and are carried through out the body. Therefore, proper care shall be taken by the applicator to reduce the chances of exposure to the pesticides while mixing, loading or during application which are as follows:  Wearing protection rubber gloves;  Wearing or rubber shoes;  Wearing of protective clothing;  Wearing of dark glass goggles; and  Protect your noise and mouth by suitable means at least by wrapping cloths. The common persons who are not directly exposed to the crop chemicals except b consuming agriculture products must take the following precautions to avert any adverse effects.  Wash the vegetables thoroughly with the water before consumption; and  Wash your hand after handling the vegetables. 3.5 General Methods of Storing and Disposal of the Crop Chemicals Presently following crop chemicals are being used in Yemen:  Methidathion;  Super Acid;  Cobra;  Demethoate;  Chloroposban;  4 Rugby 20CS;  Ridulax (Metalaxy 124); and  Ransact (Abamectin). ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 62 of 102 ANNEX – VIII (SHEET 5 OF 5) PROJECT PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN The farmers for the safe storage of crop chemicals must adopt the following practices.  Do not stockpile the pesticide. Buy only the amount of pesticide which will be needed in near future;  Follow all the storage instruction written on the level of pesticide bottle;  Pesticide should not be stored near the ignition sources like furnace, oven, car, outdoor grill, etc.;  Keep the pesticide bottles out of the reach of the children preferably in a locked container. Close the container tightly after using the product;  Do not keep pesticide in cabinets with or near food, animal feed or medical supplies;  Do not store pesticides where any kind of flooding is possible or in a place where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water or surface water;  Do not transfer pesticides to soft drink bottles or other containers. There is a possibility that others may mistake them for something to eat or drink;  For safe disposal of the crop chemicals, following methods shall be adopted:  The best way to dispose of excess pesticides is to use them – apply them, in the near future. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbours whether they are in need of similar product or not.  If all the remaining pesticides cannot be used, check with your local authority and follow the local rules for safe disposal of the same.  If the container is empty, do not reuse them. Place it in a trash or in pre-designated place.  Do not pour leftover pesticide down the sink, into the toilet or down a sewer or street drain. Pesticides may interface with the operation of wastewater treatment facility or pollute the waterway. Similarly, do not spread the pesticide in any virgin ground. The same may contaminate the ground. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 63 of 102 ANNEX - IX CAPACITY BUILDING AT VARIOUS LEVELS The government needs to give a higher priority for strengthening the technical capacities of the project staff to allow a more comprehensive handling of Surface/Groundwater management interventions as presented below:  Intensive training of the user-farmers, executive-committee members of the WUGs/ WUAs and field of the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) and line departments has to be taken up systematically on a priority basis;  On-farm water management should be given more importance in the farmers training, so that they would be more careful in conserving/ saving water and also efficiently using water. Hence, methods for preparing fields to receive irrigation, and methods of on-farm irrigation like borders, furrows, and check dams need to be explained and demonstrated to the farmers. Besides, the method of constructing field channels, fixing alignments, size of channels need to be covered in the training;  The training sessions should include support from experts from Sana’a University -WEC as research results are an invaluable contribution to strengthening the contents of the training activities;  Training courses should highlight preparation of cropping plans, and crop budgets and water budgets for various types of cropping schemes;  The user-farmers level training should include:  Water saving well irrigation technologies  Operation and maintenance of pumps, its equipment and distribution system  Operation and maintenance of micro-irrigation systems such as bubblers, drip and sprinklers  Carrying out minor repair of the pump and micro-irrigation systems  The Executive Committee Members level training should include:  Functions of WUGs/ WUAs;  Well inventory;  Provision under Water Law;  Book-keeping; and  Correspondence with government line departments.  The Field Staff level training should include:  Installation of modern water saving devices;  Operation and maintenance of modern irrigation systems; and  Details of service providers.  The Middle and Senior Level Ministerial Staff training should include:  Integrated Strategic Plans for groundwater management and crop management;  Use of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS);  Soil-water-crop integrated management;  Assessment of water quality;  Training needs assessment for different stakeholders;  Trainers training;  Participatory irrigation management;  Demonstration trials and other methods of technology transfer;  Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) technologies; and  Management Information System (MIS).  Interactive techniques are the best way of approaching capacity building training activities. They promote better understanding of the subject;  The assessment of training needs through interactive exercises could be very effective for improving the performances of irrigation systems; and  The training team responsible for planning and conducting such programmes should be interdisciplinary for planning and shall involve experienced professionals in irrigation management. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 64 of 102 FIGURES ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 65 of 102 FIGURE – I INDEX MAP MAP OF REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 66 of 102 LOCATION OF AM QAID SPATE WORKS FIGURE – II ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 67 of 102 FIGURE – III CLIMATIC ZONES IN SHABWA GOVERNORATE CLIMATIC ZONES IN SHABWA GOVERNORATE ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 68 of 102 FIGURE – IV REVISED L ALIGNMENT OF THE AM QAID CANAL ORIGINAL CANAL ALIGNMENT REVISED CANAL ALIGNMENT ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 69 of 102 BOUNDARIES OF THE WUA AND WUGS FIGURE – V ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 70 of 102 PICTURES ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 71 of 102 GROUP PICTURE OF VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS AT THE PROJECT SITE VIEW OF EXISTING DAMAGED CANAL NOW IN DISUSE TO BE REHABILITATED ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 72 of 102 DESIGN AND RELATED PROJECT DOCUMENTS BEING DISCLOSED TO THE STAKEHOLDERS A VIEW OF EXISTING DAMAGED CANAL DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE TO BE REHABILITATED ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 73 of 102 A VIEW OF A FARM UNDER THE PROJECT A VIEW OF CONSULTATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 74 of 102 A VIEW OF THE DAMAGED CANAL DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE NOW IN DISUSE A VIEW OF CONSULTATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 75 of 102 A VIEW OF THE EXISTING DAMAGED CANAL STRUCTURE NOW IN DISUSE A VIEW OF THE EXISTING DAMAGED CANAL NOW IN DISUSE ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 76 of 102 A VIEW OF MEETING OF STAKEHOLDERS IN THE OFFICE OF GOVERNOR OF SHABWA A VIEW OF THE DAMAGED CANAL DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE NOW IN DISUSE ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 77 of 102 A VIEW OF THE CANAL STRUCTURE NOW IN DISUSE TO BE REHABILITATED A VIEW OF THE DAMAGED CANAL DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE NOW IN DISUSE ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 78 of 102 TABLES ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 79 of 102 TABLE - I SALIENT FEATURES Name of the Scheme: : Am Qaid Spate Diversion Works LOCATION Governorate : Shabwa Wadi : Khawrah North (UTM) : 1599601:27 East (UTM) : 625614:08 Elevation (m) : 1162.88 CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTIC Catchment Area (km2) : 1454 RAINFALL AND RUNOFF Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) : 100 Runoff Co-efficient : 0.05 Mean Annual Runoff (mm) : 5.0 Mean Annual Flow (MCM) : 7.27 Mean Annual Sediment (m3) : 41197 FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS: Lag Time (hrs) : 16.81 Duration of Rainfall (hrs) : 3.06 Lag Time Modified (hrs) : 16.79 Standard Time (hrs) : 3.0 HYDROLOGY Design Flood (Q50) : 473.5 m3/sec DESIGN OF WEIR Type of Weir : Broad Crested Masonry Weir Design Discharge for the Weir : 174 m3/sec Length of Weir : 47.50 m Maximum Height above wadi bed : 2.38 m CANAL INTAKE Design Discharge : 6.65 m3/sec Number & Width of Bays : 2 x 1.60 m Number & Type of Gates : 2 x 1.60 x 1.60 m, Vertical Steel Gates SILT SLUICE Design Discharge : 23.68 m3/sec Number & Width of Bays : 2 x1.9 m over flow Number & Type of Gates : Radial Type, Two (1.9 x 1.6) FUSE PLUG Design Discharge : 299 m3/sec Type : Earthen Embankment Type Length : 37 m Maximum Height above wadi bed : 3.68 m BENEFITS Net Irrigable area : 180 ha (gross 231 ha) Total number of beneficiaries : 500 Families Total number of villages : 7 Total Population : 3500 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY Project Contract Cost : 1.18 million US$ IRR based on an Estimated Cost of US$ 1.18 : 15.54 CROPS GROWN Main agricultural activities and crops in the project area under spate are: Sesame, Sorghum, Millet Fodder, and where groundwater is available Wheat, Tomato, Onion, and Potato, Dates – Fruits and Lemon – Fruit are also grown in small areas. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 80 of 102 TABLE – II (SHEET 1 OF 4) THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS ES IMPACTS DURING MITIGATIVE PRACTICES CONSTRUCTION PHASE Construction Site Access may be a  Locate and identify all underground services and servitudes nuisance due to the movement of before construction commences. heavy machinery and construction  Choosing of access routes based on minimum disturbance to equipment in and out of the neighbouring residents and land uses construction areas. This could result in accidents, destruction of existing  All roads for construction access must be planned and approved utilities, and nuisances to local ahead of construction activities and must not be created on an residents and activities. ad-hoc basis. Contractor’s areas could cause  Provision of potable water and acceptable waste disposal pollution in terms of the waste facilities generated by such areas including  An adequate number of waste receptacles must be available at human and other kinds of waste. strategic locations to minimize littering. Waste ranging from liquid to solid  Recycling and the provision of separate waste receptacles for wastes often are generated form such sites, thus, causing potential negative different types of waste must be encouraged. impacts to surroundings.  Fenced area must be allocated for waste sorting and disposal.  Choice of location for storage areas must take into account prevailing winds, distance from water bodies and general on- site topography.  Storage areas must be designated, demarcated and adequately Storage is a serious issue during the fenced if necessary. constructing phase especially in terms  All fuel required on site is to be stored within an adequately of construction materials and sized bund wall that has an impermeable base. The capacity of lubricants for the construction the bund wall is adequate to cope with a spill / leak of the fuel machinery. Improper storage and storage container. handling of such materials could results in leaks that could affect  A designated working area must be made available and must be natural resources and serious underlain by an impermeable surface (e.g. a concrete slab or contamination of water. plastic lining).  All handling of potentially toxic or hazardous material, and the repair, maintenance and storage of vehicles and equipment must be undertaken on the impermeable working surface in accordance with the Materials Safety standards.  Material stockpiles must be stable and well secured to avoid Safety is always an issue regardless of collapse and possible injuries. the nature of the project. This  Flammable materials should be stored as far as possible from includes the safety of the workers any sensitive receptors. themselves, and public safety of the  Fire fighting equipment is to be present on site at all times residents in surrounding areas. Given  No materials are to be stored in unsuitable or high-risk areas the nature of the equipment used and  Hazardous storage and re-fuelling areas must be bonded with an the difficult characteristics of the impermeable liner to protect groundwater Khawrah area, improper practices and  Storage areas containing hazardous substances / materials must materials handling could be a serious be clearly signed. threat to workers and local residents.  Staff handling hazardous substances must be aware of their potential impacts and follow safety measures. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 81 of 102 TABLE – II (SHEET 2 OF 4) THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS ES IMPACTS DURING MITIGATIVE PRACTICES CONSTRUCTION PHASE  All wastewater and contaminated runoff from the storage and working areas of the site must be channelled into existing wastewater management system  Contaminated liquids and sediments must be disposed of at an appropriate permitted disposal site.  Identification of disposal sites for the various categories of waste likely to be generated on site  The general cleanliness of the site and compliance with the Different kinds of waste are generated waste disposal requirements during construction. This includes  Where possible, waste must be collected for recycling waste generated by the construction programs provided that the original contents of the containers activities themselves, and the sites were not hazardous. utilized by the construction workers.  Scrap metal (components, sheet metal, nails, tins) must be Improper handling of waste could stored in a designated scrap metal container (e.g. a skip) often contaminate surrounding  When the scrap metal container is full, the metal must either resources and the local environment. be collected or transferred to an appropriate disposal site.  Hazardous substance containers, contaminated substrates and materials used in the clean-up of spillages must be stored in a designated, impermeable container (e.g. a skip)  The hazardous substance containers, contaminated soil, clean- up materials, etc. must be transferred to an appropriate disposal site on a regular basis.  On completion of construction, all leftover construction materials are to be removed from the working area.  Concrete mixing is to be undertaken on a hard surface covered in plastic sheeting so that concrete waste and runoff can be contained.  All concrete waste is to be collected, recycled if possible, and removed from the site for disposal at an appropriate disposal site  To prevent the contamination of water by materials used Construction Activities can have during construction, ensure the following: impacts on the surrounding o Materials are prepared and stored away from watercourses; environment. Activities such as concrete mixing, utilization of o Implement measures to prevent seepage of liquid materials lubricants and fuels can cause serious into ground where it could contaminate groundwater; threats to natural resources, especially o Ensure prompt cleaning up of accidental spillages soil and water.  To prevent the contamination of hydrological features by diesel, grease, oil, etc. derived from the working area ensure that: o The machinery / equipment is maintained in a good operating condition; o Specially designated areas for vehicle maintenance are created; o Accidental spillages are cleaned up promptly. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 82 of 102 TABLE – II (SHEET 3 OF 4) THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS ES IMPACTS DURING MITIGATIVE PRACTICES CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dust Control  Excavation, handling and transport of materials must be avoided under high wind conditions or when a visible dust plume is present.  During high wind conditions, dust suppression measures will be required.  Soils stockpiles are to be located in sheltered areas where they will not be exposed to the erosive effects of the wind.  All soil that is contaminated must be removed and stored in a skip until it can be disposed of at an appropriate disposal site.  Appropriate dust suppression measures must be used when dust generation is unavoidable (dampening with water). Noise  Disturbance of the residents in the vicinity of the construction areas will have to be taken into account during the construction period.  The siting of areas for delivery of equipment and materials Pollution Control is critical in any must take into account the noise generated by the vehicle as construction project. Given the nature well as noise generated by off-loading equipment. of the Khawrah project and the rural  Jackhammers and their associated compressors exhibit setting of the area, key pollution issues continuous noise that could impact on nearby residents. are dust and noise generated during Acoustic treatment of the jackhammers must include silencers the construction activities. Several on the exhausts. measures can be undertaken to  Concrete mixers must be sited to minimize the impact on mitigate such impacts. nearby residents.  All vehicles and equipment must be properly maintained to reduce unnecessary noise.  Factors to take into account are; arriving and departing traffic, loading and unloading of equipment and materials; and day- to-day operations Hazardous Substances  The handling and storage of hazardous materials must be in accordance with the international best practices and must be restricted to designated areas. If additional areas / sites are required for the storage or handling of hazardous substances, they must be assessed.  An inventory of all fuels and hazardous substances to be used and stored on the site, and must ensure that they know the effects of these substances on their staff and the environment.  Quantities of fuels and chemicals stored on site must be appropriately stored and handled so as to minimize the risk of spills. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 83 of 102 TABLE – III THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS RELATED TO HYDROLOGICAL ISSUES. HYDROLOGICAL ANTICIPATED LEVEL OF IMPACT MITIGATIVE PRACTICES ASPECTS Low flows occur when the river is not in Usually dams and weirs are the best flood. They are larger and more varied in mitigation measure for maintaining the winter than in the summer and define low flows. The various weirs whether the river flows all year. They implemented in the Khawrah create different conditions in different irrigation scheme can be operated in seasons, dictating which (and how many) a manner to eliminate any negative biotic species occur at any time of the impacts, if any, that may affect Changes to low flow year. Given the spate nature of the downstream users, especially for regime Khawrah wadi rather than a continuous cattle growers. flow, the rehabilitation activities are not The operating entities would have expected to result in any severe impacts. to take the various downstream The rehabilitation is expected to improve demands and uses and operate the the flow during flood, thus, downstream weirs in such a manner that users will most probably benefit from the minimizes any potential negative project rather than be impacted. impacts regardless of how small. The control of flooding in the wadi The operation of the weirs along the Khawrah may affect the groundwater re- system could be used in a manner Flood Regime charge patterns especially that the that would try to balance the re- majority of the GW wells are located charge of the groundwater basins on towards the downstream end of the Wadi. the downstream end. As seen in the above two issues, the Careful and planned operation of manner in which weirs are operated could the weirs to prevent any potential affect GW recharge and flow regimes impacts. Operation of Weirs (thus downstream users). The way in Cooperation with the local cattle which they will be operated in Khawrah growers to prevent excessive could result in negative impacts. Threats weeding. on public health could also be an issue. Again, the operation of the weirs Depending on the manner in which the will be critical in order to not affect weirs are operated, the controlled flow of the water tables. It is very water in Khawrah Wadi could either result important that awareness on in a rise or a fall in the water table. The Rise and/or Fall in irrigation efficiency be increased so reduction in the water table will have Water Table as to prevent excessive raising of impacts on the GW network used in the the water table in the study area. lower reaches of the river and would Training of farmers (through the significantly impact water availability in utilization of the pilot sites) is key the area. in improving irrigation efficiencies. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 84 of 102 TABLE – IV THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY ISSUES WATER AND AIR ANTICIPATED LEVEL OF QUALITY MITIGATIVE PRACTICES IMPACT ASPECTS The control of the flow of water Control to ensure the proper use of chemicals (e.g., in Khawrah will result in fertilizers) is necessary. In addition, the control of increased concentrations of pollution sources upstream of the system is also Solute Dispersion pollutants. This will severely necessary. Sediment control measures that are impact the ground water properly located and implemented could help with resources and the biodiversity reducing such impacts for solutes and solids that are in the area. not highly soluble. An Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) plan covering use of a combination of natural methods and agrochemicals must be drawn up and Uncontrolled or careless use of implemented, covering acquisition, application, Toxic Substances agrochemicals may pollute the accidents, storage and disposal of agrochemicals. and agrochemical groundwater, resulting in health Also, awareness and capacity building exercises are pollution hazards for human and animal very important to ensure the proper storage of life in the area. pesticides and chemicals by farmers. Enforcement on the proper handling and storage of such chemicals is vital. Depending on storage detention times and the depths to which water reach, anaerobic conditions could arise which could have negative impacts. Again, the operation of the weirs could play a vital Anaerobic Effects Given the spate nature of the role in controlling such conditions. area, it is unlikely that such conditions will develop. This, however, may change depending on the rainfall intensity. This is not a concern in the Khawrah area given the rural Gas Emissions setting of the area and the N/A nonexistence of any non- residential uses. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 85 of 102 TABLE – V THE MATRIX OF KEY MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE PROJECT IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES OR IMPACTS RELATED TO EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION ASPECTS EROSION AND ANTICIPATED SEDIMENTATION MITIGATION PRACTICES LEVEL OF IMPACT ASPECTS The terracing and grading of surrounding lands and farms can play a major role in reducing erosion. The implementation of erosion control practices using Given the nature of the local “low cost” materials can also play a vital role irrigation (i.e., spate without having negative socioeconomic impacts due to irrigation) erosion is cost. bound to happen in Khawrah. The recent Utilizing of bales made from local materials, and gabions removal of significant from local rock could significantly reduce local erosion. areas of ground cover The farmers need to be provided with assistance on how in order to implement to best protect their lands from erosion according to their the rehabilitation topography. However, a larger effort on the utilization of activities has already erosion control practices and rip raping should be resulted in tremendous undertaken by the Ministry of Agriculture in order to sedimentation and protect that various irrigation system components. erosion problems. An aggressive re-vegetation program is vital for the Such problems will prevention of erosion once the project is complete. continue and will have This can be prevented by planting deeper rooting crops severe impacts on a and trees in the higher lands. number of things including the structures Protection of vulnerable areas May be necessary. to be rehabilitated, let Placing sediment excluders/extractors at the head works alone, impacts on the Constructing sediment catchment basins that would need Local Erosion other resources. to be periodically cleaned The exposure of Installation of structures in the channel to trap sediment ground will also have and restore floodplain function. Options include creating a significant impacts on step-pool morphology by installing a series of structures a number of habitats (log gabions, rocks) across the channel to mimic the given the length of recruitment of large wood that would in turn promote time needed to restore upstream deposition of fine sediments the ground cover to pre-rehabilitation As the channel bed increased in elevation by phase conditions. sedimentation, more log trapping structures would be placed until floodplain erosion is greatly reduced and The ongoing ground some overbank flow and sedimentation onto the uncovering and the floodplain surface begins to occur. further anticipated Riparian forest trees should be allowed to grow larger, to activities to implement mimic the natural forest that was once located there. Other the rehabilitation related engineering options could involve construction of project will result in setback levees to contain the overbank flooding. Over severe erosion time, land surface area should increase due to channel potential unless it is filling. In addition to reducing downstream sedimentation, aggressively mitigated. changing an eroding floodplain environment to a more natural sedimentation environment would presumably enhance the floodplain ecosystem. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 86 of 102 TABLE - VI CHECKLIST FOR SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS NO IMPACT LIKELY POSITIVE NEGATIVE INFORMATION IMPACT IMPACT VERY LIKELY/ VERY LIKELY/ NEEDED MORE POSSIBLE/ POSSIBLE/ MAJOR MAJOR MINOR MINOR IMPACTS COMMENTS Protected areas X Fisheries, aquatic ecology X ECOLOGICAL Wetlands X Forests X Rare, endangered species X Animal migration X Possible increase in use of Fertilizers and pesticides X pesticides and fertilizers Natural/Artisanal Industry X Erosion and/or siltation X Local flooding X Stream channel regime changes X PHYSICAL Improved resulting from groundwater recharge Ground water quality/quantity X through irrigation return flow. Landslides X Dust/pollution X Noise X Demographics / Population X Stemming from increased Income & other benefits X production and productivity Increase resulting from SOCIO-ECONOMIC increase in the irrigated Employment area and expansion of irrigated agriculture Taking of lands / trees / crops X As the project objective is Resettlement or relocation X to rehabilitate exiting irrigation perimeters Gender X Vulnerable groups X Regional effects X Cultural Resources X Health X OTHERS Surface water quantity/quality X Cumulative Effect X ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 87 of 102 REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ESMP MONITORING PLAN TABLE –VII (SHEET 1 OF 3) S. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DESCRIPTION LOCATION WHAT MONITORING MEANS FREQUENCY PHASE REMARKS NO. PARAMETERS INSTITUTION Onsite domestic In case some sewage collection Consultations with the beneficiaries Pre- damage is Construction camp and disposal shall and visual inspection and NIP ESFFP in Prior to Construction construction noticed, it 1 and maintenance be provided by photographic documentation of the association with construction site and during would be site the contractor for camp and to ensure that Construction LMC and EPA. work construction. repaired by the construction Yard is not on a private land. Contractor. worker’s needs. To provide a suitable pipe line Visual inspection and photographic Connecting waste Pre- Regular to convey the documentation of lavatories, waste NIP ESFFP in Prior to water discharge to Construction construction cleaning to be 2 discharge to septic disposal facilities and to check association with construction the covered septic site and during done during tank of suitable whether regular cleaning is done by LMC work tank. construction. this phase. size by the the Contractor. Contractor.  Maintain equipment/vehicles in Efforts shall be good condition and provide dust made to control cover to vehicles carrying loose the air quality materials. The loading/unloading of and noise equipment/material and other levels within To ensure that the Every two operation causing noise should be specified levels dust level doesn’t Construction months or confined to day hours. NIP ESFFP in if caused by Air quality and exceed 80 g/m3 site and upon 3  The workers shall be provided with association with Construction construction Noise levels and the noise level immediate complaints ear plugs if the noise level exceeds LMC work. But if doesn’t exceed 45 vicinity whichever is beyond specified limits. this happens dB earlier  To provide face masks to the due to natural workers and sprinkling of water on causes, the the open dumping of soil material if construction the dust levels go beyond specified work shall be limits. stopped. NIP: National Irrigation Program ESFFP: NIP Environmental & Social Field Focal Person LMC: Local Monitoring Committee NOTE: In order to oversee the monitoring of ES safeguards issues based on this ESMP, the ES Advisor and EPA Specialist would make periodical visits to the project. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 88 of 102 REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ESMP MONITORING PLAN TABLE – VII (SHEET 2 OF 3) S. ENVIRONMENTAL WHAT MONITORING MONITORING DESCRIPTION LOCATION FREQUENCY PHASE REMARKS NO. PARAMETERS MEANS INSTITUTION Suitable covered shelter for Visual inspection and the construction workers photographic NIP ESFFP in Monthly Construction Construction 4 shall be provided by the documentation of shelter association with and/or as Construction -- Workers shelter site Contractor for their rest and drinking water LMC needed during break from work. facilities The safety and health Visual inspection and concerns of the workers shall photographic NIP ESFFP in be ensured by the Contractor Construction Monthly or on 5 Health and safety documentation of association with Construction -- by providing insurance cover site complaint. worker’s safety LMC and first aid facilities on the equipment. work site. The waste from personal usage like empty bottles, empty cartons, wrappers, Construction plastic bags and from cooking Visual inspection and NIP ESFFP in disposal site Daily and/or as Construction 6 Waste and disposal like empty cans, vegetable photographic association with -- and storage needed waste etc. shall be gathered in documentation LMC yard the dust bin of suitable size and shall be dumped at an designated location. NIP: National Irrigation Program ESFFP: NIP Environmental & Social Field Focal Person LMC: Local Monitoring Committee NOTE: In order to oversee the monitoring of ES safeguards issues based on this ESMP, the ES Advisor and EPA Specialist would make periodical visits to the project. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 89 of 102 REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ESMP MONITORING PLAN TABLE – VII (SHEET 3 OF 3) S. ENVIRONMENTAL WHAT MONITORING MONITORING DESCRIPTION LOCATION FREQUENCY PHASE REMARKS NO. PARAMETERS MEANS INSTITUTION Visual inspection, During construction During earth excavation, measurement and supervision it shall rock cutting, grading and photographic be ensured that these Earth, rock cutting, compaction the ES issues NIP ESFFP in Weekly Construction documentation. To ensure construction 7 grading and which arise are noise and association with and/or as Construction site this, the earth, rock cutting activities are compaction air pollution as already LMC needed and grading etc. is done as implemented as per covered in section 3 per Technical technical above. Specifications. specifications. It shall be ensured that the septic tank is constructed to a There is a possibility of Construction Avoiding the Pre shallow depth and contamination of soil and NIP ESFFP in Every two Soil and site and contamination of ground construction provided with 8 groundwater due to association with months or as Groundwater nearest water water and soil by waste and during proper cover. seepage from the walls LMC needed wells deposal of waste water. construction. Regular cleaning of and bottom of septic tank the septic tank shall also be ensured by the Contractor. Designation of suitable locations for different type of wastes. Prohibition of burning of Visual inspection and wood any type of waste. photographic Weekly or as Storage of excavated documentation. To ensure NIP ESFFP in Disposal of per 9 Disposal of debris material away from water this, the disposal of debris association with Construction -- debris construction ways, drainage network if to be done by the LMC requirements. any. The Contractor to Contractor as per dispose the excavated Technical Specifications. material away from wadi, wells and the agricultural lands ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 90 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 1 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Environmental Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Issues organization Institution (US$) PRE - IMPLEMENTATION PHASE  All these are Contractor’s obligations and are defined under clauses 12.1, 13.1 of the general Onsite domestic sewage collection and condition of the contract and disposal for construction worker’s needs, NIP ESFFP in clauses 2.1.3, 2.3, 2.4, 3.0 (3.2, 3.2.3 Construction camp and involving construction of a Septic Tank association 1 Contractor NIL and 3.3.3) of the technical maintenance site of suitable capacity having shallow with LMC specifications. Cost of depth to prevent contamination of and EPA. implementation of any item not ground water and related facilities. covered under the contractual obligation of the contractor shall be met under the variation order. All these are Contractor’s obligations and are defined under clauses 12.1, 13.1 of the general condition of the contract and Connecting waste water Provision of a suitable pipe line to NIP ESFFP in clauses 2.1.3, 2.3, 2.4, 3.0 (3.2, 3.2.3 2 discharge to the covered septic convey the discharge from the toilet (s) Contractor association NIL and 3.3.3) of the technical tank. to septic tank of suitable size. with LMC specifications. Cost of implementation of any item not covered under the contractual obligation of the contractor shall be met under the variation order. NIP: National Irrigation Program ESFFP: NIP Environmental & Social Field Focal Person LMC: Local Monitoring Committee ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 91 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 2 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Environmental Issues organization Institution (US$) IMPLEMENTATION PHASE Construction site access may be Contractor’s obligations defined a nuisance due to the movement  Choosing of alternate access routes in tender document of heavy machinery and based on minimum disturbance to Specifications. Moreover, the construction equipment in and neighboring residents and land uses. NIP ESFFP in construction site is located away 1 out of the construction areas.  All roads for construction access need Contractor association NIL from heavily populated areas and This could result in accidents, to be planned and approved ahead of with LMC is unlikely to result in accidents, destruction of existing utilities, construction activities and must not destruction of existing utilities, and nuisances to local residents be created on an ad hoc basis. and nuisances to local residents and activities. and activities. Contractor’s areas could  Construction of site office with Install cause pollution in terms the lavatory facilities connecting to septic All these are Contractor’s waste generation by such tank for workers, obligations and are defined in areas including human and  Provision of potable water and tender document Specifications. NIP ESFFP in other kinds of waste. Waste acceptable waste disposal facilities, Most of the labors/workers are 2 Contractor association 6000 ranging from liquid to solid  An adequate number of waste bins likely to be from the neighboring with LMC wastes often is generated must be available at strategic locations areas and there is unlikely to be from such sites, thus, causing to minimize littering, pollution in terms of human potential negative impact to  Fenced area must be allocated for generated. surroundings. waste sorting and disposal. The estimated costs shown above are part of the obligations of the contractors towards environmental and social safeguard issues. These are covered under various contract clauses mentioned in section – 12.4. Cost of implementation of any item not covered under the contractual obligation of the contractor shall be met under the variation order. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 92 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 3 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Environmental Issues organization Institution (US$) IMPLEMENTATION PHASE General  Construction equipment/ machinery and vehicles to be maintained in good condition. Dust Control These are Contractor’s  Excavation, handling and transport of materials must be obligations and are defined in Air and noise avoided under high wind conditions or when a visible tender document pollution: Pollution dust plume is present. Specifications. Further, since Control is critical in  Sprinkling of water in dusty area. Vehicles shall be the construction site is close to any construction covered with tarpaulin sheets. Am Qaid town the contractor project. Given the  During high wind conditions, dust suppression measures is likely to use the existing nature of the Am Qaid will be required. NIP ESFFP Petrol Pump facilities project and the rural  Soils stockpiles are to be located in sheltered areas where in available near the town and 3 setting of the area, key Contractor 700 they will not be exposed to the erosive effects of the wind. association generally storage of large pollution issues are  Appropriate dust suppression measures must be used with LMC quantities of lubricants and dust and noise when dust generation is unavoidable (dampening with fuel may not be required. NIP generated during the water). will ensure that the contractor construction activities. Noise Control strictly complies with his Several measures can  Disturbance of the residents in the vicinity of the obligations including for Dust be undertaken to construction areas will have to be taken into account Control, Noise reduction and mitigate such impacts. during the construction period. for storage (if any) of fuel and  The sitting of areas for delivery of equipment and oil in tanks etc. materials must take into accounts the noise generated by the vehicle as well as noise generated by off-loading equipment. The estimated costs shown above are part of the obligations of the contractors towards environmental and social safeguard issues. These are covered under various contract clauses mentioned in section – 12.4. Cost of implementation of any item not covered under the contractual obligation of the contractor shall be met under the variation order. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 93 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 4 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Environmental Issues organization Institution (US$) IMPLEMENTATION PHASE  Jackhammers and their associated compressors exhibit continuous noise that could impact on nearby residents. Acoustic treatment of the jackhammers must include silencers on the exhausts. However, use of These are Contractor’s jackhammers is likely to minimum. obligations and are defined in CONTINUED  Concrete mixers must be sited to minimize the tender document Specifications. impact on nearby residents.. Further, since the construction Air and noise pollution:  All vehicles and equipment must be properly site is close to Am Qaid town Pollution Control is critical in maintained to reduce unnecessary noise the contractor is likely to use any construction project.  Factors to take into account are; arriving and the existing Petrol Pump Given the nature of the Am departing traffic, loading and unloading of NIP ESFFP in facilities available near the town 3 Qaid project and the rural equipment and materials; and day-to-day Contractor association and generally storage of large setting of the area, key operations. with LMC quantities of lubricants and fuel pollution issues are dust and Fuel Tanks may not be required. NIP will noise generated during the  All liquid fuels (e.g. diesel and petrol) which ensure that the contractor construction activities. Several are stored in tanks or drums must have a strictly complies with his measures can be undertaken bund wall around the tanks to prevent liquids obligations including for Dust to mitigate such impacts. from escaping in the event of a spill or leak. Control, Noise reduction and  The volume of the bund must be 110% of the for storage (if any) of fuel and volume of the storage tanks. oil in tanks etc.  Any person delivering fuels or other chemicals to the site must be aware of the appropriate storage / drop-off locations and the environmental controls that apply. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 94 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 5 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Environmental Issues organization Institution (US$) IMPLEMENTATION PHASE Storage is a serious issue As per clause 2.1.3 of the Technical during the constructing phase Since the construction site is close Specifications, the cement will be delivered especially in terms of to Am Qaid town the contractor is in sealed paper bags or other approved construction materials and NIP ESFFP likely to use the existing Petrol containers and will be stored in a dry place. lubricants for the construction in Costs covered 4 Pump facilities available near the Contractor Other material like sand and cement is machinery. Improper storage association under item 2 town and generally storage of available locally and is not required to be and handling of such materials with LMC large quantities of lubricants and stored in bulk. Fuel and Lubricant will also could results in leaks that could fuel may not be required. be available from the nearby town Am Qaid affect natural resources and district on requirement basis. serious contamination of water. Safety is always an issue  Material stockpiles must be Under the General Conditions of the regardless of the nature of the stable and well secured to avoid contract, the Contractor is responsible for project. This includes the collapse and possible injuries providing insurance to cover risks of safety of the workers  Flammable materials should be personal injury, death or loss of or damage themselves, and public safety stored as far as possible from to property (including, without limitation, of the residents in surrounding any sensitive receptors. NIP ESFFP the Works, Plant, Material, and Equipment) areas. Given the nature of the  Firefighting equipment is to be in and is obliged to provide insurance against 5 Contractor 10,000 equipment used and the present on site at all times association loss or injury to the workers. NIP will difficult characteristics of the  No materials are to be stored in with LMC monitor and ensure its compliance. Am Qaid area, improper unsuitable or high-risk areas. Although no hazardous substances/material practices and materials  Hazardous storage and re- is involved during implementation of this handling could be a serious fuelling areas must be bonded work, the technical specifications provide threat to workers and local with an impermeable liner to that proper safety measures will be adopted residents protect groundwater. in case such material are involved The estimated costs shown above are part of the obligations of the contractors towards environmental and social safeguard issues. These are covered under various contract clauses mentioned in section – 12.4. Cost of implementation of any item not covered under the contractual obligation of the contractor shall be met under the variation order. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 95 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 6 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Environmental Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Issues organization Institution (US$) IMPLEMENTATION PHASE CONTINUED  Storage areas containing hazardous substances/ Safety is always an issue regardless materials must be clearly signed of the nature of the project. This  Staff handling hazardous substances must be aware of includes the safety of the workers their potential impacts and follow safety measures. themselves, and public safety of NIP ESFFP  Proper safety measures shall be taken at site, the residents in surrounding areas. in 5 construction sites shall be properly demarcated and Contractor -- -- Given the nature of the equipment association entry or trespassing through such sites shall be used and the difficult with LMC prohibited. characteristics of the Am Qaid area,  Worker shall use personnel protective equipment such improper practices and materials as helmets, earmuffs, and helmets and eye-protective handling could be a serious threat glasses to workers and local residents  All wastewater and contaminated runoff from the Different kinds of waste are storage and working areas of the site must be channeled generated during construction. into existing wastewater management system This includes waste generated by  Contaminated liquids and sediments must be disposed the construction activities NIP ESFFP of at an appropriate permitted disposal site. themselves, and the sites utilized in -- 6  Identification of disposal sites for the various categories Contractor 3,000 by the construction workers. association of waste likely to be generated on site. Improper handling of waste could with LMC  The general cleanliness of the site and compliance with often contaminate surrounding the waste disposal requirements. resources and the local  On completion of construction, all leftover construction environment. materials are to be removed from the working area The estimated costs shown above are part of the obligations of the contractors towards environmental and social safeguard issues. These are covered under various contract clauses mentioned in section – 12.4. Cost of implementation of any item not covered under the contractual obligation of the contractor shall be met under the variation order. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 96 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 7 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Environmental Issues organization Institution (US$) IMPLEMENTATION PHASE  Concrete mixing is to be undertaken on a hard surface  All concrete waste is to be collected, recycled if possible, and removed from the site for disposal at an appropriate disposal site. These all are contractor’s  To prevent the contamination of water by obligations as defined under materials used during construction, ensure Construction Activities can NIP ESFFP in the technical specifications the following: 7 have impacts on the Contractor association 1,000 indicated before and the cost  Materials are prepared and stored away surrounding environment with LMC of these obligations are from watercourses. deemed to be part of  Implement measures to prevent seepage of contractor’s unit rates. liquid materials into ground where it could contaminate groundwater(no cost;  The machinery / equipment is maintained in a good operating condition.;  Accidental spillages are cleaned up promptly. Firm-up contact with approved quarry and NIP ESFFP in borrow pit sources owner, obtain balance 8 Borrow pits and quarrying Contractor association NIL - output and requirement of material, if with LMC available with the approval of NIP. The estimated costs shown above are part of the obligations of the contractors towards environmental and social safeguard issues. These are covered under various contract clauses mentioned in section – 12.4. Cost of implementation of any item not covered under the contractual obligation of the contractor shall be met under the variation order. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 97 of 102 NATIONAL IRRIGATION PROGRAM (NIP) REHABILITATION OF SPATE DIVERSION WORKS, AM QAID SPATE WORKS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN (ESMP) TABLE – VIII (SHEET 8 of 8) Cost of Sl. Project Activity/ Responsible Monitoring Mitigation Measures Implementation Remarks No. Environmental Issues organization Institution (US$) IMPLEMENTATION PHASE To the extent possible the NIP ESFFP contractor should make all efforts in 9 Employment Contractor NIL This will be ensured by NIP to employ the local people from the association area during construction phase. with LMC Regular public meetings should be NIP ESFFP in NIP and Local Monitoring Committee held by NIP and Local Community 10 Tribal tensions NIP association NIL shall resolve any problem/tensions which to resolve any tension that might with LMC might arise arise between tribes. OPERATION PHASE The operating entities Operation of Weirs Both the weirs and canals regulators are (WUGs/WUA) would have to take During the operation of provided with gates which will ensure the various downstream demands weirs it might to change No extra cost as the that any spate beyond the capacity of the and uses and to take in the traditional irrigation operation of the off-taking canal(s) will escape down the 1 consideration the traditional WUGs/WUAs LMC water rights (water weir will be by the weir for downstream users. WUGs/WUAs irrigation water rights and operate flooding) for those WUGs/WUAs will ensure that operation of weirs is done the weirs in such a manner that farmers who are located in such a manner that traditional water minimizes any potential negative downstream rights are not changed. impacts regardless of how small. Social economic field survey for 10 By Monitoring of Socio- Studies should be conducted to samples (on the random sampling Independent Economic Benefits to monitor the socio-economic before criteria) has already been collected as base 2 MAI Consultant to 2,000 evaluate the project and after construction of the line data. NIP shall also collect data on be hired by impact project Social economic indicators at the end of MAI. the Project. The estimated costs shown above are part of the obligations of the NIP towards environmental and social safeguard issues. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 98 of 102 TABLE – IX (SHEET 1 OF 2) CHECKLIST OF THE ACTIVITIES TO BE CHECKED BY THE ES FFP DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES YES NO REMARKS GENERAL Are required recommendations of EMP generally being met and 1 maintained? Have workers working in the noisy areas been provided with protective 2 devices? 3 Are workers working in good sanitation system? Are medical check-up being done for the workers and particularly tests for 4 HIV/AIDS? Are construction personnel, equipment, and vehicles operating within the 5 defined work area? 6 Is sprinkling of water being done in densely populated areas? Are garbage, construction debris, and other waste being collected regularly 7 and disposed off properly? 8 Are the vehicles carrying material and debris being covered properly? 9 Are the vehicles using approved access routes? Are all necessary utility approvals, diversion plans, and traffic 10 management plans in place? ACCESS ROADS 1 Are access roads properly demarcated? Is run-off from access roads causing water logging in or erosion to 2 adjacent areas/properties? CAMPS 1 Are camps located correctly? 2 Are lavatory facilities provided in construction camps? Is septic tank built in the camps and do such septic tanks comply with 3 WHO standards? Is proper site drainage system and outfall discharges provided with erosion 4 protection? Is water logging condition prevailing inside the camp or drainage outfall 5 causing flooding/water logging to adjacent areas/properties? 6 Are potable water facilities provided inside the camps? Are domestic refuse and solid waste collected regularly and disposed to 7 the approved landfill sites (verify name of site and compliance)? 8 Are camps secured properly? Are all fuel stores etc placed on appropriately sized hard stands with 9 suitable fuel leaks retention ponds? 10 Are fuelling and maintenance of equipment conducted at defined sites? 11 Are proper records being kept on volume of waste generated? 12 Are first aid facilities provided at sites and camps? 13 Are good housekeeping practices followed at camps? MATERIAL STORAGE 1 Are spoil heaps of an appropriate size? 2 Are materials stored properly? Is there evidence of excessive wind blowing off material? If so, such material should be stored in confined places or properly covered to avoid 3 wind borne particles to cause air quality problems or dust problems on adjacent properties. Is there evidence of turbid waters running off from heaps? If so, assess 4 environmental impact and mitigation measures. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 99 of 102 TABLE – IX (SHEET 2 OF 2) CHECKLIST OF THE ACTIVITIES TO BE CHECKED BY THE ES FFP DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES YES NO REMARKS EXCAVATION AND TRENCH DIGGING WORKS 1 Are access points to the excavated sites or trenches appropriate? Is top soil being salvaged and placed as specified in the contract 2 specifications? Are men working in excavated site or trenches equipped and protected 3 properly? 4 Is cut material placed away from sides of excavated sites or trenches? BACKFILL 1 Are soil and topsoil properly replaced without mixing? 2 Is backfill done properly? CONSTRUCTION SITES 1 Are site secured properly? 2 Are warning signs/cautionary boards placed near the construction site? 3 Are good housekeeping practices followed at construction sites? 4 Are proper public safety provided near the operation of heavy equipment? 5 Are materials stored properly especially bitumen? CLEAN UP 1 Is the final clean up appropriately timed up? 2 Has all man-made debris peers removed? 3 Has access to all areas been restored? Have all excavated sites /trenches/construction camps/workers camps 4 been restored to as close as practicable to original configurations? ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 100 of 102 TABLE – X (Sheet 1 of 2) COMPLIANCE THROUGH MONITORING BY THE CONTRACTOR ES PARAMETERS TO BE MONITORED BY THE CONTRACTOR  Protect human/workers lives by putting proper measures to protect people inside and outside the area of the project;  Maintain property of the owner, if any;  Put in place shelter for construction workers and site office:  Implement temporary room and WC with water supply for the site supervisor and maintain water supply and continuously cleanliness;  Construct a temporary kitchen and adequate WCs for workers and provide water for cooking and hygiene and connect it to covered drainage septic tank adjacent to the site. No open defecation.  The solid waste and non-hazardous garbage should be regularly taken out of the site and burnt or transferred to the approved land fill.  Drinking water facility shall be made available.  Reduce air and noise pollution at site:  Ensure air quality and noise quality due to rehabilitation activity,  Locate the contractor camp away from the construction site. The contractor should employ a care taker for the camp.  Sprinkle site with water, particularly during the drilling and filling and unloading sand, aggregate and force of employees in using masks.  Covering containers when carrying the waste to the land fill in order to prevent falling waste on the road and select the route away from congested streets to reduce the time and do not cause traffic jams on the way.  Inspection and maintain devices that make noise,  Scheduling properly the operation of the equipment and tools that make noise and disturbance and punctually operate this equipment and tools,  Avoid public nuisance:  Do the necessary repairs as quick as possible when you cause a break of any kind of infrastructure services (water, electricity, sewage, communications, etc.) and make sure that the services have returned to neighbouring houses (houses of beneficiaries.)  Solve immediate complains/ problems with local people as soon as possible.  Cover equipment and tools during non-operating in order to preserve them and prevent implementation delays due to malfunction.  Strict the working time to 8 Hrs /day.  Avoid any private property when placing construction camp or storage of construction equipment and materials.  Provide equipment storage and maintenance yard site:  Dangerous waste should be collected and kept at confined place,  Disposal of waste oils in a proper way or re-use it in lubricating equipment and tools or spray roads.  Regularly inspect transportation of construction material:  Routine check of vehicles used for transportation for the purpose of proper maintenance.  Ensure water and soil quality:  Do not allow disposing any type of garbage on the Wadi(s) and on the water well fields.  Prevent the accumulation of water in the camp site (Filling the holes at the site and do not let it turn into septic tank and swamps of standing water).  Avoid accident due to trench opening:  Put warning signs/information near the execution sites. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 101 of 102 TABLE – X (Sheet 2 of 2) COMPLIANCE THROUGH MONITORING BY THE CONTRACTOR ES PARAMETERS TO BE MONITORED BY THE CONTRACTOR  Use of water on and off-site:  Public water will be used on the site.  No new well be allowed to dig for construction activity without proper approval from NWRA and Local Authority.  Keep faucets well closed in the water tanks as well as repair all dripping with water leakage (if any)  Avoid compilations from earthwork, rock cutting, and grading such as:  Proper safety measures shall be taken at site, construction sites shall be properly demarcated (Construct a temporary fence around the site based on a sketch to be agreed upon by NIP) and entry or trespassing through such sites shall be prohibited.  Worker shall use personnel protective equipment such as helmets, earmuffs, and eye-protective glasses.  Keep the excavated soil away from the sides of the trench so as to prevent falling back to the trench.  Supplying labours with and forces them to use safety precautions for protecting their bodies during the work.  Remove wood pieces and nails from the site and keep them in piles and then dispose off.  Remove wood, stone, blocks and reinforcement steel out of the site  Make sure that piling the dust, sand, aggregates, reinforcement steel, cement bags in a way to prevent mixing of these materials with each other as well as to avoid erosion by water, especially when raining so that the material are kept quite stable.  Ensure traffic management:  Warning signs/cautionary boards shall be placed near the construction site.  Safeguard public safety:  Proper warning sign shall be placed at the construction sites.  Speed of construction vehicles shall be restricted to 50 Km/hr.  Control flushing and disinfecting:  Strict control of the material. Material shall be transported to the site in appropriate vehicles.  Provision of first aid facility at construction camp and train someone to apply it and contacts (coordinate) with nearby clinics for serious cases.  Craft ESMP monitoring:  Establish monitoring system.  Remove the implementation camp and bring the site as it was before unless the owner requested to keep part of such buildings.  Dispose construction debris:  Remove debris and soil and discard to a place approved by the project supervisor engineer and local community.  Construction activities can have impacts on the surrounding environment:  Activities such as concrete mixing, utilization of lubricants and fuels can cause serious threats to natural resources, especially soil and water. ESMP FOR AM QAID SPATE DIVERSION WORKS WADI KHAWRAH SHABWA NOVEMBER 2013 102 of 102