49163 2009 / 15 .................................. ................................................................ 3 . ..................... ................................ 6 . ..................................... 8 ................................................................ . ................................................................................................ 9 . ....................... ................................................................................................ 12 . ........................... ................................................................................................ 12 . ..................... ................................................................ 13 . ............................ 14 ................................................................................................ . ......................... ................................................................ 15 . .............................................................................................. 15 . ................................... 17 : :1 ............................ 18 ................................ :2 ...................................... 23 :3 2 . .1 . 3.3 . . 2030 1 90 . 2 . 70 . 80 2030 . .2 . . 500 . 52 3 ­ 2009 4 " " . .3 2009 . . 75 . 5 . . 60 . . 1The State of the World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth, (New York: UNFPA, 2007), p.1 2 State of the World's Cities 2006/7, UN-Habitat, (London and Sterling, Virginia: Earthscan, 2006) 9 3 .2009 _2009 4 5Samuel Morley, "Urban Poverty and Macro-Economic Performance", UN Economic Commission for Latin America, 1998; Alberto Minujin and Eduardo Anguita, La Clase Media: Seducida y Abandonada, (Buenos Aires: Edhasa, 2004) 3 50 . 6 . 20 . . .4 25 28.3 . 1999 17 2005 1999 36 .2004 7 . . . .5 . 8 . . . . 9 .2000 . .6 . . 43 2003 72 2001 . . 2030 . .7 . 6 Shahid Yusuf and Kaoru Nabeshima, Post-Industrial East Asian Cities: Innovation for Growth, (Washington and Stanford: World Bank and Stanford University Press, 2006) 36 7 8Martin Ravallion, Shaohua Chen and Prem Sangraula, "New Evidence on the Urbanization of Global Poverty," Policy Research Paper No. 4199, 2007, World Bank, Washington, DC. 9UN Habitat, Global Report on Human Settlements 2007: Enhancing Urban Safety and Security, ( London and Sterling, Virginia: Earthscan, 2007) 4 10 . . . .8 . 11 . . 600 360 . 10 12 . . . . . . .9 . 2000 . 10Independent Evaluations Group (IEG). (2006) Decentralization in Client Countries: An Evaluation of World Bank Support, 1990 - 2007. World Bank: Washington DC. 2008/2007 11 UNDP, 2007), David Satterthwaite, Saleemul Huq, Hannah Reid, Mark Pelling, and : Patrica Romero Lankao, Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas: The Possibilities and Constraints in Low and Middle-Income Nations, Human Settlements Discussion Paper Series, Climate Change and Cities 1, (London: IIED, October 2007) 12McGranahan, G., D. Balk, and B. Anderson. The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment & Urbanization. 19(1): 17-37. April 2007. 5 . 11 13 . . 2000 .10 . : - . ­ - . . .11 1972 . 130 . 7000 14 . 10.3 60 155 . .12 1989 1985 15 . . 16 . 15 : 2007-2004 . "Urban Assistance and the Material World: Learning by Doing at the World 13 Bank", Environment and Urbanization, Vol.13, No.1, April 2001, pp.37-60 14 14 15 . . . 2 16 6 / : $6,000 7% 7% $5,000 $4,000 5% snoilim $3,000 4% 4% $ $2,000 3% 3% $1,000 $0 FY75 - FY79 FY80 - FY84 FY85 - FY89 FY90 - FY94 FY95 - FY99 FY00 - FY04 FY05 - FY09 IBRD IDA UD Lending as a share of WB Lending $ millions FY IBRD IDA UD Lending as a share of WB Lending .13 17 . " . ". " . ". QAG . " ". 17 Urban Development Sector Board Assessment, World Bank Quality Assurance Group (QAG), July 29, 2003, and Improving the Lives of the Poor Through Investment in Cities: An Update on the Performance of the World Bank's Urban Portfolio, Operations Evaluation Department (OED), Roy Gilbert, World Bank, 2003. 7 80 . .14 . . . . . . . 2000 .15 2000 2 1 : . 4 3 . 100 . . 11 48 . 91 . 83 2008 . .16 . " " 2009 . : . . . .17 . . : 8 . 2009 .18 . 2009 . 2009 . .19 . . : . .20 . . . . . . .21 . . . . . . .22 . . 9 . .23 . . / 12-9 . . 2000 . - - .24 . . - - . . / . . . .25 . . . . . . .26 . 10 . 18 . . . ­ - . . .27 . ." " .28 " " . . " " / . . .29 . . . . .30 . . . . 18Patricia Annez, Gwenaelle Huet, and George Peterson, Lessons for the Urban Century: Decentralized Infrastructure Finance in the World Bank, Directions in Development Series, The World Bank, 2008. 11 . . . . .31 . . . .32 . . . . . . .33 . . . . . : .34 . . . . .35 . 15 . 12 . .36 . . . . .37 . . 2009 / . . . 9-6 . . . . . .38 . . (www.wburbanstrategy.org) . 1 . 2 3 . . . . .39 2008 / 2009 / 13 2009 / . 2009 / .2009 . .40 . . : : . . . : : . / . . ." " : . . . : . . . : . . . : . . . 14 . 1 : .41 4 3 2 5 6 7 . .42 . / . 2009 / 6 2009 / 20 2009 / 27 / 15 2009 /-/ 2009 2009 / 18 2009 / 27 / 5 / 2009 / 11 2009 2009 / 8 -/ 2009 / / ­ 2009 . .43 . 2009 : 15 . .44 : . . . . . 16 : :1 . : . . .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 . . . . : .1 .2 .3 .4 .i .ii . . : .1 .2 .3 : . 17 :2 2009-1975 :1 $6,000 7% 7% $5,000 $4,000 5% snoillim $3,000 4% 4% $ $2,000 3% 3% $1,000 $0 FY75 - FY79 FY80 - FY84 FY85 - FY89 FY90 - FY94 FY95 - FY99 FY00 - FY04 FY05 - FY09 IBRD IDA UD Lending as a share of WB Lending $ millions FY IBRD IDA UD Lending as a share of WB Lending 18 2008-1998 :2 $3,500 $3,000 14% $2,500 snoillim $2,000 $ $1,500 6% 6% 5% 5% $1,000 4% $500 $0 AFR EAP SAR ECA MNA LCR UD UD % of Bank $ millions AFR EAP SAR ECA MNA LCR UD UD % of Bank 19 2009-1975 :3 140 6% 120 5% 5% 100 4% 4% 80 4% 60 3% 40 20 0 FY75 - FY79 FY80 - FY84 FY85 - FY89 FY90 - FY94 FY95 - FY99 FY00 - FY04 FY05 - FY09 IBRD IDA UD % Share of Bank Note: $ adjusted using CPI 1984 = 1, 2009 : .1 data annualized = 1, 2009 1984 FY IBRD IDA UD% Share of Bank 20 2008-1999 :4 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1999 - 2000 2001 - 2002 2003 - 2004 2005 - 2006 2007 - 2008 City Management & Governance Urban Environment & Climate Change Land & Housing Municipal Finance Natural Disaster Management Urban Poverty and Slum Upgrading Cities and Economic Growth Other Urban Development City Management & Governance Municipal Finance Cities and Economic Growth Urban Environment & Climate Change Natural Disaster Management Other Urban Development Land & Housing Urban Poverty and Slum Upgrading 21 2008-1999 : 1 10 0 4 1 0 1 4 0 99 6 0 0 0 1 0 4 1 2000 10 0 1 3 1 3 1 1 2001 20 0 1 4 6 0 9 0 2002 26 2 1 5 1 10 6 1 2003 14 3 0 2 1 3 3 2 2004 21 2 6 1 2 2 4 4 2005 24 0 5 5 0 1 6 7 2006 22 2 3 3 2 7 2 3 2007 10 3 1 3 0 1 1 1 2008 163 12 22 27 14 28 40 20 2009/02/23 : .1 22 :3 ­ « ­ 23 / / 24