89494 The World Bank Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program ASTAE Annual Status Report FY 2013 The World Bank The World Bank Group Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 USA www.astae.net ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 ASTAE MISSION The mandate of the Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE) is to scale up the use of sustainable energy in Asia to reduce energy poverty and protect the environment. Achieving this objective rests on promoting ASTAE’s three pillars for sustainable development: renewable energy, energy efficiency, and access to energy. iii CONTENTS FOREWORD v 6. PROGRESS ON FY 2012–15 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 45 ABBREVIATIONS vi Indicator 1: Total World Bank lending catalyzed by ASTAE activities 45 Executive Summary 1 Indicator 2: New capacity and increased generation of renewable electricity 45 1. OVERVIEW OF ASTAE AND FY13 ACTIVITIES 7 Indicator 3: Electricity savings resulting About ASTAE 7 from efficiency improvements 46 ASTAE’s FY2012–15 Business Plan 7 Indicator 4: Households with access to How ASTAE Works 9 modern energy services 47 The ASTAE Approaches 9 Indicator 5: Avoided greenhouse gas emissions 47 ASTAE’S Indicators of Success 13 Indicator 6: Countries benefiting from ASTAE’S Leverage 13 ASTAE support 48 ASTAE’S Tools for Leverage 13 Summary of ASTAE Progress towards the FY13 ASTAE Activities 15 FY2012-15 Business Plan Targets 48 ASTAE Allocations by Pillars 16 ASTAE Allocations by Country/Region 18 7. ASTAE PUBLICATIONS, KNOWLEDGE SHARING Energy Challenges in the EAP Region 20 AND WEBSITE 51 2. ENEWABLE ENERGY 23 iv FY13 New Renewable Energy Program Highlights 23 FY13 New Regional Renewable Energy Activities 23 Ongoing Renewable Energy Programs in the FY2012-15 Business Plan Period 25 3. ENERGY EFFICIENCY 31 FY13 New Regional Energy Efficiency Program Highlights 31 Ongoing Energy Efficiency Programs in the FY 2012-15 Business Plan Period 31 Appendices 55 Ongoing Regional Energy Efficiency Activities 32 Appendix 1: ASTAE Countries at a Glance: Region Map 55 4. ENERGY ACCESS 35 FY13 New Energy Access Program Highlights 35 Appendix 2: Summary of ASTAE Activities, ASTAE Ongoing Regional Energy Access Activities 37 Allocations and Level of Execution by Country, FY12 and FY13 56 5. ASTAE ACTIVITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUPPLEMENTARY THEMES 41 Appendix 3: Link between ASTAE Activities, Bank Facilitation of Cross-Sector Interactions 41 Projects, and ASTAE Indicators for Fiscal 2012–15 60 Energy-Water-Food Security Nexus 41 Enhance Gender Awareness and Inclusion Appendix 4: ASTAE Donors, Resource Use, and in Projects 41 Funding Events 62 Leverage Private Sector Involvement 42 Low Carbon Growth 43 Appendix 5: ASTAE-Supported World Bank Investment Projects in East Asia and Pacific and South Asia 64 ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 FIGURES, BOXES, TABLES FIGURES TABLES Figure 1.1: Interlinking Objective, Pillars, Table 2.1: Summary of Progress in the Renewable and Approaches 10 Energy Sector 27 Figure 1.2: ASTAE Influence and Impacts at Table 3.1: Summary of Progress in the Energy Different Levels 13 Efficiency Sector 33 Figure1.3a: ASTAE FY13 Allocations by Pillars 17 Table 4.1: Summary of Progress in the Energy Access Sector 39 Figure 1.3b: ASTAE Cumulative Allocations by Pillars 17 Table 6.1: Renewable Electricity Capacity Added, Figure 1.4a: ASTAE FY13 Allocations by Country 19 by Country (FY2012–15 Business Plan Period) 46 Figure 1.4b: ASTAE Cumulative Allocations by Country 19 Table 6.2: Cumulative Electricity Savings, by Country, FY2012–15 Business Plan Period 46 Figure A1.1: ASTAE Presence in the South Asia and East Asia and the Pacific 19 Table 6.3: Households with Access to Modern Energy Services, by Country, FY2012–15 Business Plan Period 47 BOXES Table 6.4: CO2 Mitigated, by Country, FY2012–15 v Box 1.1: ASTAE’s Three Pillars 8 Business Plan Period 48 Box 1.2: The ASTAE Support Mechanisms 11 Table 6.5: Summary of Fiscal 2012–15 Business Plan Targets Pledged and Achieved 49 Box 1.3: ASTAE’s Six Impact Indicators 12 Table A3.1: Link between ASTAE Activities, Bank Box 1.4: ASTAE Support to World Bank Programs Projects and ASTAE FY2012–15 Indicators, as of under Implementation 14 FY13 60 Box 2.1: FY13 New Renewable Energy Program – Table A4.1: Resource Use, World Bank, and Donors, Solomon Islands 24 FY1992–2013 62 Box 2.2: Ongoing Programs — Mongolia 26 Table A4.2: Principal ASTAE Funding Events since 2004 63 Box 4.1: ASTAE Support to World Bank Programs Under Implementation—Papua New Guinea 36 Appendix Table A5.1: ASTAE-Supported World Bank Investment Projects under Implementation 64 Box 5.1: Solar Home System improves Gender Equality in Mongolia 42 Table A5.2: Past ASTAE-Supported World Bank Investment Projects 66 Box 5.2: Leveraging Global Knowledge Networks for Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy in Indonesia 43 In all, ASTAE allocated funding to 12 new activities in eight countries and to three regional-level activities. vi ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 FOREWORD Fiscal year 2013 (FY13) marked the second year of ASTAE’s funding—whether to conduct a study, hire a consultant, or FY2012-15 Business Plan and the consolidation of our test a promising “first of its kind” concept—can help nudge wide-ranging activities in support of the global Sustainable the World Bank decision-making process across the finish Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative. line. Launched by United Nations (UN) Secretary General In this regard, FY13 was a very active year, with the Ban Ki-Moon in late 2011, SE4ALL is a multi-stakeholder World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors (“the Board”) partnership between governments, the private sector, and approving four ASTAE-supported Bank projects—totaling civil society. Co-chaired by World Bank President Jim Yong US$681 million. In all, ASTAE allocated funding to 12 new Kim, SE4ALL aims to achieve three interlinked objectives activities in eight countries and to three regional-level by 2030: ensuring universal access to modern energy activities. services, doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency, and doubling the share of renewable energy in FY13 also saw the World Bank’s operationalization of the vii the global energy mix. World Development Report (WDR) 2012 on Gender, which complements ASTAE’s long-standing focus on the gender- SE4ALL’s objectives dovetail perfectly with ASTAE’s energy dimension and ensures further advancement in this three pillars (Box 1.1), which affirm the importance of our critical area. groundbreaking past work and underscore our continued relevance in the critical years to come. As home to two- Last, but not least, FY13 marked another important thirds of the world’s population, the success of the Asia benchmark, with ASTAE’s multi-donor trust fund (MDTF), and the Pacific region in moving onto a sustainable energy created in 2011 as the preferred funding instrument for path will determine the success—or failure—of the the current business plan, now exceeding its initial US$20 SE4ALL agenda. With its wide range of experience and million target. With a current endowment of US$24 million, deep base of knowledge, ASTAE can be at the forefront of ASTAE is better equipped than at any time in our history the attainment of SE4ALL’s ambitious global objectives. to champion projects that both reduce energy poverty and protect the environment. In FY13 ASTAE continued to help countries in the East Asia and the Pacific Region (EAP) and the South Asia Region This unprecedented donor support has been made possible (SAR) transition onto sustainable, inclusive, and low-carbon by the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, to green growth paths. We have informed major World Bank each of whom I express my deepest appreciation. programs and leveraged investment across the region, exerting active influence that is helping to reduce poverty Charles Feinstein and protect the environment. ASTAE Program Manager Sector Manager, Water and Energy Unit (EASWE) ASTAE’s influence is especially important in times such as Sustainable Development Department these, where the increasing challenges experienced by the East Asia and the Pacific Region, The World Bank EAP and SAR regions require exactly the type of innovative solutions that we champion. The availability of ASTAE ABBREVIATIONS ASTAE Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program CTF Clean Technology Fund DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) EAP East Asia and the Pacific EC Electric Cooperatives ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program EVN Electricity of Vietnam FY Fiscal Year GBP Pound Sterling (United Kingdom currency) GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Green House Gas viii IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICCC Independent Consumer and Competition Commission IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corportaion IMF International Monetary Fund KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau LED Light-Emitting Diode LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund PGE Pertamina Geothermal Energy (Indonesia) PHRED Philippines Renewable Energy Development (program) PICs Pacific Island Countries PLN Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Indonesia) PNG Papua New Guinea RE Renewable Energy REAP Renewable Energy for Rural Access Project (Mongolia) RERED-II Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II project (Bangladesh) RETF Recipient-Executed Trust Fund ROADEO Road Emissions Optimization (tool) SAR South Asia Region SDN Sustainable Development Network ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 SE4ALL Sustainable Energy for All SHS Solar Home Systems SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SIDS Small Island Developing States SLCP Short-Lived Climate Pollutants TA Technical Assistance TERI The Energy Resources Institute (India) TERM(-IU) Tonga Energy Road Map (- Implementation Unit) TLS Tracking Light from the Sky project TPA Third Party Access UFG Unaccounted-for Gas UK United Kingdom ix UN United Nations US$ United States Dollar (currency) WBG World Bank Group WDR World Development Report In FY13, ASTAE supported activities in 12 of its 31 client countries, including 12 new activities in eight countries. x ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 E X E C UTI V E S U M M A R Y Created in 1992 as a global partnership program, Renewable Energy ASTAE continues to deliver on its mandate to scale- ASTAE activities lead to increased renewable energy capacity and generation through support to projects that up the use of sustainable energy options in Asia to directly facilitate investments. In FY13, ASTAE allocated reduce poverty and protect the environment. It does 40 percent of its funds to renewable energy activities, so by promoting three pillars for sustainable devel- increasing renewable energy capacity by 205 MW and generation capacity by 1,208 GWh over the FY2012-15 opment: renewable energy, energy efficiency, and business plan period. Chapter 2 provides highlights of access to modern energy services. new country and regional renewable energy programs and activities as well as updating developments on ongoing Fiscal Year 2013 was the second year of the four-year activities. FY2012-2015 Business Plan for the Multi-Donor Trust 1 Fund (MDTF), which now exceeds US$24 million. ASTAE Energy Efficiency continues to use this endowment to fund World Bank- In FY13, ASTAE allocated 23 percent of its funds to executed activities and has now added recipient-executed energy efficiency activities. By supporting energy trust fund activities to its growing regional portfolio. In efficiency programs, ASTAE is helping EAP and SAR FY13, ASTAE supported activities in 12 of its 31 client countries improve their energy security, cut greenhouse countries, including 12 new activities in eight countries and gas emissions, and extend saved energy into off-grid three new regional-level activities. communities. Over the course of the FY2012–15 Business Plan period, these programs have resulted in cumulative The total FY13 allocation was about US$3.8 million, electricity generation savings of 2,980 GWh and quantity of which 40 percent went towards renewable energy savings of 350 MW. Chapter 3 provides highlights of initiatives; 37 percent supported improving access to new and ongoing country and regional energy efficiency energy; and the remaining 23 percent helped to improved programs and activities. energy efficiency. Indonesia was the largest beneficiary of ASTAE funding (16 percent) in FY13 with Small Island Developing States also well represented. ASTAE’s client Energy Access countries in the East Asia and the Pacific region received In FY13 ASTAE dedicated 37 percent of its allocations 80 percent of allocations, with the remainder (20 percent) to energy access programs. Over the FY2012-15 period, going to countries in the South Asia Region (see Chapter 1 ASTAE initiatives have resulted in nearly 1.2 million for more details). households gaining access to improved cooking or heat sources, and 558,000 households gaining access to new sources of electricity. By supporting projects that directly facilitate investments in energy access programs, ASTAE is contributing toward life-changing impacts. Chapter 4 provides highlights of new and ongoing country and regional endeavors supporting improved access to energy. ASTAE’S 6 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ASTAE tracks a set of six performance indicators that shed light on its impact in supporting sustainable energy development. The indicators have been chosen to help illustrate predominant trends within each pillar. The indicators track aggregated results over the FY2012-15 Business Plan period. TOTAL WORLD BANK LENDING NEW CAPACITY AND INCREASED ELECTRICITY SAVINGS RESULTING CATALYZED BY ASTAE ACTIVITIES GENERATION OF RENEWABLE FROM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY Added to 1FY12’s leverage of 2 Additional renewable energy capacity 3 Once implemented, cumulative annual US$1,301 million, the cumulative of 205 MW and generation of 1,208 electricity savings that derive from 2 FY2012-15 total is US$1,982 millions GWh1. ASTAE-supported World Bank project measure of ASTAE’s influence in are estimated to amount to 350 MW of channeling funds toward sustainable capacity and 2,980 GWh of generation. energy. HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO AVOIDED GREENHOUSE GAS COUNTRIES BENEFITING FROM MODERN ENERGY SERVICES EMISSIONS ASTAE SUPPORT 4 New electricity access has been 5 CO2 emissions that are estimated to ASTAE financed 6 activities in 12 achieved for 558,000 households be avoided over 20 years amount to countries out of the 15 targeted, in and 1,195,000 households have about 280.3 million tons. addition to regional activities. improved cooking and heating access. (Improved electricity access is also captured, but impacts are expected from forthcoming projects). 1 Figures represent capacity and generation added during the first year of the FY2012-15 business plan period. Not all activities supported in FY13 have yet resulted in an approved project or other progress on the related indicators. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 Supplementary Themes Looking ahead The FY2012–15 Business Plan formalizes ASTAE’s In the remaining two years of the current business plan, contribution to “supplementary themes” that are now ASTAE is expected to continue to pursue its goals by implemented and tracked by ASTAE in addition to its providing the combination of operational focus and flexible regular impact indicators. These themes relate to support “just in time” financing that gives it comparative advantage and implementation of work that: (a) facilitates cross- and complements the work of other trust funds. sector interactions; (b) contributes to the integration of the energy-water-food security nexus; (c) enhances gender Information and Knowledge Sharing awareness and inclusion in projects; and (d) leverages During FY13, ASTAE published six reports (see Chapter private sector involvement. ASTAE provides funding 7 for details) as part of its efforts to share – within and that can be used to add a component or a study related among countries in the region and beyond – the knowledge to these supplementary themes. Alternatively, funding and experience it has gained through its activities. ASTAE can also be used to test a new idea or methodology that has also conducted seminars, workshops, and study tours does not yet have a project application but that may be and has produced knowledge outputs such as technical mainstreamed later. In FY13, ASTAE funded three cross- guides, methodologies, atlases, and toolkits. ASTAE sector activities with a combined total allocation of US has also played an important role in facilitating donor $823,190. ASTAE’s continued attention to energy-related coordination and dialogue with various stakeholders and 3 cross-sector collaboration will grow in coming years and donor coordination. And, efforts are in progress to improve is likely to be extended to other sectors, such as health, the ASTAE website to make it even more responsive to water, and agriculture. Chapter 5 provides more information donor needs. on work related to the supplementary themes. Tracking Performance ASTAE tracks a set of six performance indicators that shed light on its impact in supporting sustainable energy development. The indicators have been chosen to help illustrate predominant trends within each pillar. The indicators track aggregated results over the FY2012-15 Business Plan period. Highlights are provided to the left and more detailed information on the indicators and progress tracking is available in Chapter 6 and Appendix 3. The six performance Indicators are shown on the left. ASTAE”s Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF), now exceeds US$24 million OVERVIEW OF ASTAE IN FY13 US$24 12 28 MILLION THE NUMBER OF NEW THE NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES IN EIGHT FUNDED SINCE THE START THE AMOUNT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE 2012-15 BUSINESS MULTI-DONOR TRUST FUND AND PLAN (MDTF) THE NUMBER OF CLIENT COUNTRIES WITH ASTAE SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES 4 40% 37% 23% THE AMOUNT ALLOCATED TO THE AMOUNT ALLOCATED TO THE AMOUNT ALLOCATED TO RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPORT IMPROVING SUPPORT ENERGY INITIATIVES ACCESS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY 16% 80% 20% THE AMOUNT OF ASTAE THE AMOUNT OF ASTAE THE AMOUNT OF ASTAE FUNDING TO INDONESIA FUNDING TO EAST ASIA AND FUNDING TO COUNTRIES IN THE PACIFIC REGION THE SOUTH ASIA REGION ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 40% 23% 37% THE AMOUNT OF FUNDS THE AMOUNT OF FUNDS AL- THE AMOUNT OF FUNDS ALLOCATED TO ACTIVITIES IN LOCATED TO ACTIVITIES FOR ALLOCATED TO ACTIVITIES RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR ENERGY ACCESS 1.2 MILLION 558,000 US$823,190 5 THE NUMBER OF HOUSE- THE AMOUNT ALLOCATED THE NUMBER OF HOLDS GAINING ACCESS FOR THREE CROSS-SECTOR HOUSEHOLDS GAINING TO IMPROVED COOKING OR ACTIVITIES ACCESS TO NEW SOURCES HEAT SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY IN FY13, ASTAE FUNDED THREE CROSS-SECTOR ACTIVITIES WITH A COMBINED TOTAL ALLOCATION OF US$823,190. The Rural A World Bank Electrification and The Energy Sector project to rehabilitate Renewable Energy Development Project the Kali Gandaki Development II project in Papua New Guinea Hydropower Plant in Bangladesh project in Nepal 6 ASTAE provides depth of knowledge and flexible, just- in-time funding. ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 ONE OVERVIEW OF ASTAE AND FY13 ACTIVITIES About ASTAE ASTAE’s FY2012–15 Business Plan ASTAE was established by international donors in ASTAE introduced the practice of multi-year business plans in 2003. Business plans provide the strategic complement 1992 as a three-year pilot program to “mainstream” to ASTAE’s annual reports and the basis for ASTAE’s donor alternative energy in the World Bank’s lending and engagement. In addition, they outline ASTAE’s key focus technical assistance operations in the SAR and EAP for coming years and set tangible, expected indicators for success. regions. Today, ASTAE has eight SAR client countries and 23 EAP client countries. The FY2012-15 Business Plan is ASTAE’s third since 2003. It responds to the changing needs of the Asia and the The MDTF now exceeds US$24 million, an endowment Pacific region, devoting special attention to promoting low- that enables ASTAE to accelerate and intensify the carbon, green growth and scaling up access to sustainable transformational process by which early-stage energy 7 energy on an intra- and inter-regional basis. sector innovations are piloted, scaled-up or made commercially feasible. Donor countries in FY13 (July 1, Promoting low-carbon, green growth calls for cross- 2012 – June 30, 2013) were the Netherlands, Sweden, and sectoral work with priority ASTAE activities and includes the United Kingdom. Prior donors have included Australia, the development of ecologically and economically Canada, Finland, Japan, Switzerland, and the United States. sustainable cities and rural development initiatives in which the delicate energy, food, and water nexus is factored into ASTAE funds World Bank-executed activities and, in national and regional policies and development plans. response to donor requests, in this current Business Plan for FY2012-15 added recipient-executed trust fund (RETF) While country level intervention remains ASTAE’s core activities to its growing regional portfolio. Embedded in the focus, increasing attention is being paid to Scaling up EAP regional unit to maximize its leverage and operational Supply of and Access to Sustainable Energy on a influence, ASTAE provides depth of knowledge and flexible, Regional Basis. In addition to supporting regional projects “just-in-time” funding to shape the design of large World as defined under International Development Association Bank investment projects, helping adapt them to, or (IDA) guidelines, ASTAE encourages South-South implement them in, rapidly evolving conditions. ASTAE also cooperation and knowledge sharing. It also supports work shares best practices to improve the institutional, policy, to overcome many of the regional, cross-border, and other financial, legal, and regulatory frameworks in recipient common challenges faced by countries in the region. countries and create an enabling environment for private sector investment. ASTAE’s core mandate and pillars remain the same in FY2012-15 as in previous business plans, as does its To synergize its activities and share best practices, ASTAE emphasis on seeking synergies—whenever possible— works in close cooperation with the Energy Sector across ASTAE‘s three pillars. Cumulatively, ASTAE has Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) and other funded 28 activities since the beginning of the current World Bank Trust Funds. business plan. BOX 1.1 ASTAE’s mandate is to scale up the use of sustainable energy in the East Asia and the Pacific region to reduce energy poverty and protect the environment. Achieving this objective rests on promoting ASTAE’s three pillars for sustainable development: ASTAE’S THREE PILLARS: ACCESS TO MODERN RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY SERVICES 1 2 3 8 Supporting energy generation growth Given that most energy is generated Energy Access encompasses new by means of renewable-energy from finite fossil fuels, using less energy access (such as connecting a technologies slows the depletion of to reach the same desired outcome previously un-electrified household) natural resources, limits environmental is an effective way to contribute to and improved access (such as damage, and can contribute to the sustainable development. Energy designing or building a biogas cook substitution of domestic resources intensity per unit of GDP is high in most stove to replace a charcoal-burning for imported ones. Renewable energy Asian countries, indicating that there one). Access to modern energy can resources include hydroelectric, is room for efficiency improvement in significantly improve the quality of life biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar all sectors of the economy. Although for end-users, providing benefits such energy. efficiency in the energy sector is the as light, heat, and power for electrical primary target of this pillar, ASTAE also appliances and tools in a much more reaches across other sectors—such efficient and less polluting fashion as water, buildings, and transport—to than the displaced resources, often at promote this agenda. a fraction of the cost. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 How ASTAE Works and the private sector. Recent work includes high-level policy dialogue and advisory support (e.g., market, ASTAE provides a wide range of support mechanisms, such technology, standards, etc.) for clean stove initiatives as early program and project identification solutions, quick in Indonesia and Lao PDR; and pricing, regulation and response and troubleshooting, project-related capacity technical support to the Maldives and Papua New Guinea. building, and funds mobilization (Box 1.2). These support mechanisms are provided by ASTAE staff and World Bank Capacity building and knowledge sharing are at the Task Team Leaders, whose constant interaction forms the core of ASTAE’s mission, as these activities underpin backbone of ASTAE’s operational structure. Other important the success of the two approaches listed above. ASTAE elements of the structure include the Consultative Group achieves this by drawing upon its pool of expertise and on World Bank Energy Trust Funds, which represents donor consolidating its knowledge base to provide “just-in-time” countries, and a Technical Advisory Group that evaluates advice to other groups engaging in the same activities ASTAE activities annually and reports to the donor across the region. This knowledge-sharing approach can community by way of the Consultative Group. operate as a stand-alone activity or become an integral part of a project if the need for capacity building or knowledge The ASTAE Approaches sharing goes beyond normal project-related expectations. ASTAE implements its overall strategy through four Recent knowledge-sharing work includes training seminars approaches: for officials and policy makers in Bangladesh, Indonesia, 9 Mongolia, and Vietnam; producing knowledge products • supporting innovative financing and delivery and documenting lessons learned related to projects in mechanisms; Mongolia and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), • enhancing policy and regulatory frameworks; and developing technical guides on greenhouse gas • building capacity and sharing knowledge; and (GHG) mitigation in road construction and coconut oil • promoting regional and cross-sectoral collaboration. production in the Pacific. Other initiatives include promoting satellite imagery to monitor rural electrification efforts These approaches are described in detail below: and collaborating with the Bank’s Africa Region on the ASTAE helps introduce innovative financing and successful Lighting Africa program. delivery mechanisms by supporting the design, build- up, and testing of new financing mechanisms or by ASTAE promotes regional and cross-sector tailoring existing mechanisms to the specific needs of a collaboration by encouraging South-South cooperation and host country. Recent examples of innovative or improved knowledge sharing and supporting regional, cross-border financing delivery mechanisms include the design of and common responses to challenges faced by countries innovative result-based financing to promote clean, healthy in the region. It supports ecologically and economically cooking solutions in Lao PDR; developing an investment sustainable cities and rural development schemes and prospectus for private sector investments for greener programs that address the energy-water-food security diesel-based grids in Indonesia; structuring on-lending nexus. Examples of recent regional work include cross- funds for renewable energy in Vietnam; and transferring region cooperation in developing means to use satellite energy efficiency business models among neighboring imagery to extend electrification into rural areas. Recent countries, for example from China to Vietnam. cross-sector work includes supporting SAR countries in finding ways to mitigate the impacts of short-lived climate ASTAE supports the development of institutional pollutants (SLCPs). and regulatory frameworks, providing an enabling environment with which to help attract capital from The connections among ASTAE’s objective, pillars, and international financial institutions, export credit agencies, approaches are shown in Figure 1.1. FIGURE 1.1 Interlinking Objective, Pillars, and Approaches ASTAE OBJECTIVE: TO SCALE -UP THE USE OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN ASIA IN ORDER TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AND REDUCE POVERY 4 APPROACHES 3 PILLARS RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY SUPPORT INNOVATIVE DELIVERY MECHANISMS ENHANCE POLICY AND 10 REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS BUILD CAPACITY AND SHARE KNOWLEDGE PROMOTE REGIONAL AND CROSS SECTOR COLLABORATION Its mandate is to scale up the use of sustainable energy options in Asia. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 BOX 1.2 THE ASTAE SUPPORT MECHANISMS ASTAE provides depth of knowledge and flexible “just-in-time” funding to shape the design of new projects and to help im- plement or adapt them to rapidly evolving conditions. ASTAE’s presence in most countries of the Asia and Pacific region has helped enable cross-fertilization among different operations and develop a strategic, programmatic approach to broadening the impacts of investment projects. This cross-cutting position, in turn, has helped create an enabling environment in which ASTAE shares best practices and various options to improve institutional, policy, financial, and regulatory conditions in recipi- ent countries. The seven support mechanisms described below are often provided in conjunction with other partners, so each activity benefits from the comparative advantages brought by each partner. EARLY PROGRAM AND PROGRAM AND PROJECT QUICK RESPONSE AND PROJECT IDENTIFICATION WORK DEVELOPMENT AND TROUBLE SHOOTING IMPLEMENTATION WORK While technically feasible, many For especially complex or innovative ASTAE provides “just-in-time” quick 1 2 3 renewable and alternative energy projects and programs, ASTAE response and troubleshooting support options are still being established. can provide planned or unplanned to Task Team Leaders during project ASTAE supports World Bank task support during the identification and development phase (for example, teams in conducting due diligence, implementation phase. This support responding to stakeholders’ specific developing best practices for is generally provided only when issues or troubleshooting when 11 deployment, and testing new business circumstances require budget or unexpected regulatory barriers are models so that innovative energy expertise above and beyond normal encountered). ASTAE’s flexibility in solutions can be integrated into World project funding levels. taking on such issues at short notice Bank operations. has proven indispensable in devising and delivering solutions that realize unanticipated opportunties or prevent projects from being halted. GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE INTERFACE PROJECT-RELATED CAPACITY BUILDING In cases where practitioners The need for capacity-building can FUND MOBILIZATION 4 5 6 implementing sustainable energy often go beyond the reasonable ASTAE assists Task Team Leaders in projects experience barriers, ASTAE expectations of routine project mobilizing additional funds by helping can help provide Task Team Leaders preparation or implementation, identify and clarify the requirements with alternative options or introduce especially in cases where government that may result in donor or government new technologies to them. This officials are unfamiliar with new financing or pledges. Relatively small support is generally provided during technologies, advanced management levels of ASTAE support can persuade the early stage of the project cycle— practices and the implementation of new partners to join initiatives and when expertise is made available law and regulations. As such, ASTAE leverage additional new financing through ASTAE’s network of subject- provides assistance including training to magnify the impacts of a project. matter consultants—and at the programs, workshops, consensus- Task Team Leaders can often combine later stages of a project, when new building conferences, twinning, study ESMAP’s “upstream” funding and information generated during the tours, and access to subject matter tools with ASTAE funding into World early stages has been analyzed and advisers. Bank lending projects. packaged for dissemination. IMPACT MONITORING AND EVALUATION 7 ASTAE’s monitoring and evaluation of project and program impacts are increasingly necessary to ensure that new information generated by projects or ASTAE activities is analyzed and packaged to be imparted to others. Its long experience in supporting sustainable energy projects has positioned ASTAE to commission studies and analyses of its past projects to capture and share lessons learned that may be of great value to other countries. ASTAE also plays an important role in comparing successful models delivered through ASTAE’s three pillars. For example, ASTAE contributed to the promotion of SHS projects in Bangladesh and Mongolia, both of which were designed—based on ASTAE experience—along completely different lines. BOX 1.3 ASTAE’S 6 IMPACT INDICATORS ASTAE tracks a set of six performance indicators that shed light on its impact in supporting sustainable energy development. The indicators have been chosen to help illustrate predominant trends within each pillar. The indicators track aggregated results over the FY2012-15 Business Plan period. TOTAL WORLD BANK LENDING NEW CAPACITY AND INCREASED ELECTRICITY SAVINGS RESULTING CATALYZED BY ASTAE ACTIVITIES GENERATION OF RENEWABLE FROM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY 1 By providing advisory services and technical assistance, ASTAE informs the preparation and execution of major World Bank energy projects. Although the ASTAE Trust Fund covers only a small portion of the costs of project 2 By supporting projects that directly facilitate investments, ASTAE activities lead to increased capacity and generation from renewable sources. This indicator measures ASTAE’s contribution to increasing the use of renewable energy 3 ASTAE helps embed energy efficiency measures into World Bank programs and assists governments in taking energy efficiency into account as part of the policy planning process. This indicator determines the estimated preparation or technical assistance in client countries. New renewable- annual direct savings resulting from to client countries, the strategic use energy generation capacity is expressed World Bank energy sector loans of ASTAE funds enables a far greater both in terms installed capacity—to in EAP and SAR countries. The impact than would otherwise be reflect the actual investments made— impact is assessed by integrating 12 possible through its influence on and in terms of actual energy generated two sub-indicators: (a) avoided which projects enter the World Bank (in gigawatt-hours), to reflect use of the energy-production capacity (in pipeline and on the dissemination of installed capacity. megawatts) resulting from efficiency operational experience. This indicator improvements; and (b) estimated measures the number of Bank projects annual equivalent quantity of electricity that are influenced by ASTAE activities (in gigawatt-hours) saved by energy- and the related lending amounts. AVOIDED GREENHOUSE GAS efficiency measures. This leverage can be seen as a good EMISSIONS 5 indicator of ASTAE funding’s reach into Bank operations, thus providing COUNTRIES BENEFITING FROM a measure of ASTAE’s influence in ASTAE SUPPORT 6 This indicator estimates the quantity of channeling funds toward sustainable carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions avoided energy. over 20 years (the conventional lifespan of projects or equipment) through This indicator ensures that ASTAE the renewable-energy generation resources are deployed in a balanced HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO and energy efficiency improvements manner across all ASTAE countries, MODERN ENERGY SERVICES providing equal funding opportunities 4 measured under indicators 2 and 3. to large countries (such as Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam) as well as This indicator reflects ASTAE’s success to smaller countries, such as SIDS. in extending access to modern energy This is necessary because targets services by measuring the number of for achieving the five indicators listed households reached. It is derived by above could be met most simply by measuring the improvement in quality concentrating on interventions in of life as households transition from larger countries. traditional fuels (such as charcoal, wood, and dung) or inadequate modern fuels (such as kerosene for lighting) to modern, clean, and sustainable energy sources. When switching fuels is not possible or desirable, the indicator measures the improvement in delivery of energy services resulting from a project, such as improved quality or reliability of an electricity connection. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 ASTAE’S Indicators of Success Over the course of the FY2007–10 Business Plan, ASTAE funded 63 activities for a total of US$9.3 million (US$8.1 ASTAE pledges to achieve specific targets by the end of million disbursed to date) that directly contributed to Bank each business plan period. Target achievement is measured projects totaling US$2.2 billion (US$1.2 billion of which both as a direct result of related World Bank loans and was in grants and lending of the International Bank for as indirect impacts of World Bank and ASTAE technical Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the IDA, and/or assistance to stakeholders in client countries. the Global Environment Facility (GEF)). Overall, between 2004 and 2010, every donor-provided dollar leveraged Six output-based indicators (Box 1.3) track the influence of about US$200 in World Bank sustainable energy ASTAE-supported activities in advancing the development lending and grants. of the sustainable energy agenda. Three of these are related specifically to ASTAE’s renewable energy, energy ASTAE’S Tools for Leverage efficiency, and access to modern energy services pillars. Budget, allocations, and outputs are the elements over ASTAE’S Leverage which ASTAE has direct control and with which it measures its administrative effectiveness. See Figure 1.2 With its focus on downstream and operations-oriented activities, ASTAE directly informs and enhances World Bank lending projects that are instrumental in helping the EAP 13 and SAR regions overcome the energy security challenge. ASTAE’s ability to leverage World Bank lending and grant operations significantly increases a program’s quantitative impacts. FIGURE 1.2 ASTAE Influence and Impacts at Different Levels WORLD BANK LEVERAGE (PROJECT INVESTMENTS, COUNTRY LEVERAGE DIRECT INDICATORS) ALL STAKEHOLDERS (SECTOR INVESTMENTS, 70% INDIRECT INDICATORS) 90% ASTAE (ALLOCATIONS, OUTPUTS) 10% BOX 1.4 ASTAE SUPPORT TO WORLD BANK PROGRAMS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION BANGLADESH CHINA NEPAL Only 60 percent of the people in China is experiencing rapid In Nepal, an ongoing ASTAE project Bangladesh have access to electricity, urbanization, with a projected 300 in FY13 funded a wide range of and even those with it experience million people migrating to cities in capacity building and advisory frequent supply disruptions. In FY13, the next 20 years. As a result, China’s services for the ongoing planning and 14 developing of sustainable hydropower ASTAE financed a video of a World Bank energy demand for buildings and program that distributed solar home transport is expected to triple over projects. Only 46 percent of Nepal’s systems as part of the government’s the same period. With China’s cities population has access to electricity, nation-wide Rural Electrification and accounting for some 85 percent of and increasing access to reliable Renewable Energy Development II the country’s commercial energy electricity is one of the country’s most project. The video was designed to use, the government has placed a significant development challenges. help attract additional development strong emphasis on lowering carbon- The Support to Sustainable partner funding for the scheme, emission rates in urban areas. To assist Hydropower Development project highlight the initiative’s gender and in this effort, the World Bank approved built capacity related to the World poverty impacts, and encourage a Green Energy for Low-Carbon City Bank-financed Rehabiltation of replication of the program in other in Shanghai project in February 2013. Kali Gandaki A Hydropower Plant countries. The video has been aired The program, which builds upon Project. Commissioned in 2002, the at a number of internal and external ASTAE’s past work in helping China Kali Gandaki plant is the largest World Bank events as well as featured improve its energy efficiency, takes a hydroelectric power station in Nepal, at a national exposition in Bangladesh comprehensive multi-sector approach generating some 750 GWh—or roughly that celebrated the installation of that integrates demand-side energy 40 percent—of the country’s annual two million SHSs nationwide. The efficiency measures in buildings; clean electric energy needs. Bangladesh SHS program, for which energy supply from renewable energy ASTAE provided market assessment and natural gas; and sustainable and program-design support in 2001, transport such as promotion of clean has successfully provided access efficient vehicles and public transport. to electricity to more than a million households in remote rural areas—an achievement far exceeding the initial target of 50,000 SHS systems over a five-year period. In part thanks to the ASTAE initiative, the SHS initiative continues to grow and receive new support from the donor community. Recent new assistance includes a grant of nearly US$30 million from the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) and close to US$ 14 million in assistance from Germany’s KfW. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 Measuring ASTAE’s leverage of Bank operations consists FY13 ASTAE Activities of quantifying actual influences in addition to lending In FY13, the second year of ASTAE’s FY2012-15 Business amounts. The influence on Bank lending is considered Plan, ASTAE provided support to 12 new activities in direct, because ASTAE’s support to Task Team Leaders eight countries and to three new regional-level activities, in project design and implementation directly results in allocating US$3,778,190 in funding to new country- improved operations and, therefore, influence. These direct specific and regional programs and disbursing a further influences are represented by the middle ring in Figure 1.2. US$1,778,741 in grants. Over the course of FY13, ASTAE supported activities in 12 of its 31 client countries. ASTAE Broader leverage (at the sector level in a country) is far outlays by pillar in FY13 saw comparable levels of allocation more difficult to measure, and, as such, direct attribution to to renewable energy (40 percent) and access to energy one activity or player should be made cautiously. However, (37 percent), with the remaining (23 percent) allocated to once a decision to acknowledge ASTAE’s contribution is energy efficiency activities. Since the start of the current made, some formal assessment of related influence in the business plan, renewable energy has remained ASTAE’s field is necessary to gauge whether funds have been used main area of allocation, representing close to 50 percent efficiently. The influences and indicators used to inform of activities, followed by access to energy (34 percent) and this assessment are derived from activities and programs energy efficiency (19 percent). that support enabling legislation, decrees, or behavior modification of key stakeholders that could result in large- 15 By region, in FY13, EAP countries received 80 percent of scale effects on the three ASTAE pillars. This leverage is ASTAE allocations, with the remaining 20 percent allocated represented by the largest ring of influence in Figure 1.2. to SAR countries. Since the beginning of the current business plan, 75 percent of cumulative allocations have gone to EAP countries and 25 percent to SAR countries. Regional activities have continued their cumulative growth trend across FY12 and FY13 and now represent close to one-quarter of all ASTAE allocations. Indonesia was the largest beneficiary of ASTAE funding in FY13 (16 percent), with Small Island Developing States (SIDS) also well represented. The Maldives, the Solomon Over the course Islands, and Tonga received a combined 12 percent of ASTAE allocations over the FY13 period. Further details of FY13, ASTAE related to allocations in FY13 are provided in Chapter 2. supported activities in In FY13, ASTAE supported a range of World Bank investment projects under implementation (see Box 1.4), 12 of its 31 client including: countries. • The Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II project in Bangladesh; • A World Bank project to rehabilitate the Kali Gandaki Hydropower Plant project in Nepal; and • The Energy Sector Development Project in Papua New Guinea. ASTAE Allocations by Pillars Figure 1.3a shows allocation proportions by ASTAE pillars in FY13. The outer ring depicts distribution by amounts allocated while the inner ring shows allocation based on the number of ASTAE activities related to an intervention pillar. In FY13, allocations by amount were at a comparable level for renewable energy (40 percent) and access to energy (37 percent). Since the start of the current business plan, renewable energy has remained ASTAE’s main area of allocation, representing close to 50 percent of activities, followed by access to energy, with one-third of allocations, with the remainder dedicated to energy efficiency. Figure 1.3b shows cumulative allocations by ASTAE pillars since the beginning of the current business plan. The outer 16 ring depicts the amount allocated; the inner ring shows the Renewable number of ASTAE activities related to an intervention pillar. Energy has remained ASTAE’s main area of allocation. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 FIGURE 1.3a Allocations by ASTAE pillars in FY13 US$1,407,000 US$1,491,690 37% 40% Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency Access to Energy 10; 35% Inner Circle: Number of Activities Outer Circle: Amounts Disbursed 12; 41% 7; 24% US$879,500 23% 17 FIGURE 1.3b Cumulative allocations by ASTAE pillars US$2,722,500 US$3,826,190 34% 47% Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency Access to Energy 21; 39% Inner Circle: Number of Activities Outer Circle: Amounts Disbursed 21; 39% 12; 22% US$1,509,500 19% ASTAE Allocations by Country/Region Cumulatively, since the beginning of the current Business Plan, 75 percent of allocations have been directed to In FY13, ASTAE’s EAP client countries received 80 EAP countries and 25 percent have been directed to SAR percent of allocations and the SAR client countries countries (Figure 1.4b provides details by country). Regional received the remaining 20 percent. Indonesia was the activities continue the growth trend of previous business largest beneficiary of ASTAE funding in FY13 (16 percent; plans and now represent close to one-quarter of all ASTAE see Figure 1.4a), with SIDS also well represented. The allocations. Maldives, the Solomon Islands, and Tonga received a combined 12 percent of ASTAE allocations over the FY13 Twelve ASTAE activities totaling some US$3 million—37 period (see Figure 1.4b). percent of ASTAE allocations—brought levels of support to IDA countries (nearly reaching the target of 40 percent for the FY2012-15 Business Plan). 18 Indonesia was the largest beneficiary of ASTAE funding in FY13 (16 percent.). ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 FIGURE 1.4a Allocations by country in FY13 Lao PDR; Vietnam; US$400,000 US$450,000 10% 12% Solomon; US$223,190, 6% Regional; Other; Pakistan; US$175,000, 5% US$870,000 US$1,902,190 23% 18% Mongolia; US$140,00, 4% Tonga; US$120,000, 3% Indonesia; Phillippines; US$600,000 US$800,000 16% 21% 19 FIGURE 1.4b The cumulative allocations by country over the course of the current business plan. Philippines; Vietnam; US$800,000 US$900,000 10% 11% Tonga; US$520,000 6% Lao PDR; US$400,000, 5% Regional; Other; Nepal; USV$320,000, 4% US$1,880,000 US$1,902,190 23% 24% Pakistan; US$275,000, 3% PNG; US$270,000, 3% Solomon; US$223,190, 3% Indonesia; Mongolia; US$209,00, 3% US$2,056,000 Maldives; US$200,000, 3% 26% Bangladesh; US$5,000, 0% Energy Challenges in the EAP Region The way in which the EAP region tackles its mounting energy challenges will determine whether or not it can The EAP region is now the engine of the global economy. both enjoy continued economic growth and achieve its Its spectacular growth over the past two decades has lifted unmet development goals. ASTAE stands at the forefront hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. Sixty-one of helping the region achieve energy security without percent of the world’s slum dwellers live in the Asia and sacrificing growth and falling short of other important Pacific region, as do an estimated 828 million people who development goals. As outlined earlier, ASTAE’s mandate struggle to live on less than US$1.25 a day.2 Meanwhile, is to scale up the use of sustainable energy by promoting many of the drivers of the region’s economic success the three pillars of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and have exacted serious environmental tolls. Environmental access to energy. ASTAE’s current donors have indicated a degradation has become so widespread that half a million particular interest in ASTAE also incorporating, as feasible, Asians die each year as a result of pollution.3 The intensive the following supplementary dimensions into its activities: use of abundant, but harmful, fossil fuels has made the climate change mitigation and adaptation; a focus on region the fastest-growing source of new atmospheric gender, human rights, and poverty; regional integration and greenhouse gas emissions on earth. And hundreds cooperation; cross-sectoral collaboration; and the energy- of millions of people in the region still lack access to water-food security nexus. electricity and therefore have yet to enjoy the health, social, and economic benefits afforded by modern energy 20 Cross-sectoral work is also a key dimension promoted services. by ASTAE, in part through its commitment to supporting low carbon, green growth that requires thinking beyond The EAP region is also particularly vulnerable to the traditional sector boundaries. Activities leading to impacts of climate change associated with storm surges, ecologically and economically sustainable cities (e.g., cyclones and coastal flooding from rising sea levels. Such integrated land use planning, transport, building, other impacts pose threats to the region’s small island states infrastructure services, and urban agriculture) as well as well as to major population and economic centers in as rural development are supported. This also includes countries such as China, India, Pakistan, and Vietnam. creating synergies between renewable energy, food security and water management. The challenges noted above underscore the importance of expanding the use of renewable energies and promoting The following chapters outline ASTAE’s work in promoting a more efficient utilization of energy in pursuit of SE4ALL’s renewable energy, energy efficiency, and access to ultimate goals: ensuring universal access to modern energy energy, and, where feasible, integrating the supplemental services, doubling the rate of improvement in energy dimensions that are listed above. It should be noted efficiency and doubling the share of renewable energy in that although the following chapters are divided into the global energy mix by 2030. distinct pillars or thematic activities, much of ASTAE’s work is cross-sectoral and provides positive development Tapping new energy sources and technology and outcomes across a wide spectrum of areas. For example, aggressively exploring all options to curb burgeoning in FY13 only seven of ASTAE’s 28 activities focused only on energy demand are critical to achieving energy security as a single thematic area, with the majority combining more well as inclusive growth and shared prosperity. than one pillar—the most common combination being Energy Access and Renewable Energy. 2 Asian Development Bank (ADB) 2013. ADB Annual Report 2012. 3 Asian Development Bank (ADB) 2013. ADB Annual Report 2012. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 21 The intensive use of abundant but harmful fossil fuels haS made the region the fastest-growing source of new atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions on earth. 22 In FY13 ASTAE allocated 40 percent of its funds to renewable energy activities. ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TWO RENEWABLE ENERGY In the Philippines, ASTAE initiated programs in FY13 to Renewable resources such as hydroelectric, biomass, help improve the creditworthiness and governance of the wind, geothermal, and solar energy provide environ- Electric Cooperatives (ECs) that serve over nine million customers nationwide. The second phase of the Philippines mental as well as energy security benefits. By incorpo- Electric Cooperatives Reform and Restructuring Program rating renewable energy into their power generation helped encourage the ECs to expand their purchases of indigenous renewable energy resources. It also helped mix, countries can extend electricity into off-grid areas, develop a market for the trading of Renewable Energy slow the depletion of natural resources, and lesson certificates. At the same time, the Philippines Renewable their dependence on imported fuel sources. Renew- Energy Policy Implementation Support program helped build the capacity of ECs to invest in distribution networks able energy can also reduce air and water pollution, under the IBRD/Clean Technology Fund (CTF) Philippines contribute to reduced GHG emissions, and help rural Renewable Energy Development (PHRED) program. 23 communities benefit from improved cooking solutions FY13 New Regional Renewable Energy Activities and enjoy better health and education outcomes. In FY13, ASTAE supported an initiation of a joint World Bank-IFC program to develop a commercial market for By supporting projects that directly facilitate investments, the manufacture and sale of quality solar lanterns in ASTAE activities lead to increased renewable energy capacity Afghanistan and Pakistan. Building on the success of and generation. In FY13 ASTAE allocated 40 percent of its the World Bank/IFC Lighting Africa program, the Solar funds to renewable energy activities, increasing renewable Market Development for Off-grid Access in Pakistan and energy capacity by 205 MW and generation capacity by 1,208 Afghanistan program works to increase the uptake of GWh over the 2012-15 business plan period. quality, safe, clean, affordable and modern off-grid lighting solutions for low-income households. Both Afghanistan FY13 New Renewable Energy Program Highlights and Pakistan have low rates of electrification (14.4 percent In Mongolia, ASTAE funded a wide-ranging evaluation of a and 56 percent, respectively), with off-grid populations program that provided SHSs and renewable energy through in each relying predominantly on kerosene to meet their hybrid off-grid systems. Customer surveys and rapid impact lighting needs. This program is linked with ASTAE’s past assessments carried out among 800 herder families resulted cross support to the LED (light-emitting diode) screening in important lessons learned related to income generation methodology for Lighting Africa, as this methodology could and improved standards of living. The Social Impacts of the be used for Asian countries. Mongolia Renewable Energy and Rural Electricity Access project also outlined steps to further extend the reach of renewable energy resources into Mongolia’s vast rural areas. ASTAE supported the early implementation of the first project of its kind in Mongolia, bringing together public and private support in a vast country, and financed impact assessment and dissemination. BOX 2.1 FY13 NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM SOLOMON ISLANDS 24 In the Solomon Islands, ASTAE-sup- This is a critical moment for the de- ASTAE assistance in FY13 also fund- ported activities helped strengthen velopment of the hydropower plant. ed a hydropower engineer to support benefit-sharing arrangements and While the government has already a World Bank review and advise the enhance the technical design of received extensive support on social government in their preparation of the planned Tina River Hydropower and environmental safeguard-related the project. This assistance was de- Development project. The Solomon issues, the high level of risk involved signed to help ensure that the techni- Islands Electricity Authority—the warrants further technical assistance cal specifications and designs chosen national electricity utility—current- to ensure that all critical areas are by government meet with the highest ly derives all of its power from die- properly addressed. ASTAE’s sup- quality standards and that the plant’s sel sources. According to feasibility port has helped the government design is the most effective for the studies, when commissioned, the advance the project development purpose. ASTAE has been support- Tina River plant could provide at least process by funding consultants to ing the preparation of this challenging half of the country’s power-genera- work with the affected communities and high reward project for the past tion requirements. in the vicinity of the plant and advise several years. them and the government on the most appropriate model for a bene- fit-sharing agreement. In particular, the benefit-sharing arrangements under discussion identify both the specific needs of women as well as the most appropriate means of en- gaging women in the decision-mak- ing process. Other potential benefits include providing free or subsidized electricity to affected communities. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are highly dependent on of clean energy start-ups. The objective is to demonstrate imported oil to meet their energy needs. As such, they are how Indonesia and other countries can build the domestic particularly vulnerable to oil price shocks, which contribute capacity to accelerate innovations in green and inclusive to volatility in the food, fuel and transport sectors. While growth technologies. The pilot program centered on the there has been increased focus on introducing renewables concept of innovation tournaments in which a large pool of into the energy supply mix over the past few years, less entrepreneurs competed to win support for products such attention has been paid to the costs of such technologies; as low-cost, robust solar-powered lights, cook stoves, and their effectiveness in delivering secure, reliable energy; or water filters. their role in delivering crucial health and education services in remote, sparsely populated islands. In FY13 ASTAE In Vietnam, the Cumulative Impact Assessment on Small funded a report to address these themes and to further Hydropower Projects on River Cascades project helped discussion among PICs and their development partners. the government ensure that the country’s major expansion Box 2.1 illustrates the renewable energy program in the in hydropower development succeeds in maximizing Solomon Islands. generation output and mitigating negative impacts on environment and natural resources, including water-energy- Ongoing Renewable Energy Programs in the food security nexus. There are currently no provisions FY2012-15 Business Plan Period to assess the cumulative—rather than individual— environmental impacts of hydropower development in 25 In FY13, ASTAE continued to support a wide range of Vietnam. ASTAE assistance in FY13 helped conduct renewable energy programs in Indonesia. ASTAE technical Cumulative Impact Assessments on some 30 small assistance to the Geothermal Power Development Program hydropower developments. II helped mobilize private sector investment, review and design policy reforms, and share best-practice experience An interesting example of an ongoing program in Mongolia on steam drilling concepts, financial analysis, the handling is presented in Box 2.2 and Table 2.1 summarizes the of safeguards, and procurement issues. current state of progress in the renewable energy sector. Through its Renewable Energy Access Improvement program, ASTAE helped Indonesia’s national power utility, the Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), prepare and implement the government’s 1,000 islands electrification program, which is improving electricity access in Indonesia’s Eastern Islands region through the provision of renewable energy generation. The program is part of the government’s stated commitment to reduce its carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2020. ASTAE-funded activities included the preparation of geospatial mapping reports that were shared with the PLN and capacity building workshops on least-cost electrification. Another ongoing ASTAE renewable energy initiative in Indonesia is helping support the emergence of clean energy entrepreneurs. A component of the Leveraging Global Knowledge Networks for Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy program, the Building Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy initiative helped mentor and train a group BOX 2.2 ONGOING RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMS MONGOLIA: ENHANCE RURAL HERDERS’ AWARENESS OF ELECTRIFICATION USING SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS 26 The aim of this ASTAE activity was The ASTAE program consisted of The ASTAE material was widely to raise awareness in Mongolia an information campaign including disseminated across Mongolia of the impact and benefits of the print and video material. A paper through the World Bank’s internal 100,000 Solar Ger Electrification entitled “Capturing the Sun in the and external distribution channels. A Program that provided electricity Land of the Blue Sky: Providing video was also presented at the World access using SHSs to 100,000 mobile Portable Solar Power to Nomadic Bank’s Sustainable Development herders living in Mongolia’s vast and Herders in Mongolia” described how Network (SDN) week in 2013. The sparsely populated rural areas. The the government program reached story attracted great interest across ASTAE assistance was also designed nomadic communities in all 21 the Bank and was presented by to inform the global development provinces, in many cases extending the SDN Vice President at the 2012 community about how internationally access to herders for the very first Annual Meetings of the World Bank proven practices were modified to fit time. Two videos illustrated how the Group (WBG) and the International Mongolia’s unique geography. program had changed people’s lives. Monetary Fund (IMF). The dissemination activities contributed Given their nomadic nature, SHSs are to the Bank’s Renewable Energy for the most effective means with which Rural Access Project (REAP) team herders can gain access to electricity. winning two awards: The East Asia With the advent of electricity, nomadic and Pacific Regional Vice Presidency communities can benefit from a wide Unit Team Award of 2013 and the range of associated benefits, such as Sustainable Development Network television or radio programs providing Vice Presidency Unit Team Award of health and nutrition information or 2013. The program was also featured weather updates. on the main World Bank website.[1] The SHS program itself garnered widespread media attention. It was the subject of an article by the President of the World Bank for a Bloomberg Op-Ed.[2] The program was covered by Al-Jazeera[3] and was featured by Renewable Energy World.[4] Notes: [1] http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2012/09/20/solar-power-lights-up-future-for-mongolian-herders; http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/08/portable-solar-power-for-nomadic-herders [2] web link: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-14/how-mongolia-brought-nomads-tv-and-mobile-phones.html [3] http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/12/mongolia-nomads-warm-solar-power-201312813468350849.html [4] http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/home ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TABLE 2.1: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY BANGLADESH 1 Showcasing Results in World Bank Supported A video highlighting beneficiaries of a rural electrification scheme was produced and showcased Intervention in Bangladesh Electrification at a number of World Bank events and at a national exposition in Bangladesh that celebrated the installation of two million SHSs across the country. INDONESIA 2 Geothermal Power Development Program II Technical assistance provided Indonesia’s Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) with best-practice experience on investment preparation and policy reform including steam drilling concepts, finan- cial analysis and handling of safeguards and procurement issues. PGE also received training on geothermal investment preparation and project planning. 3 Building Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy Several new approaches have been identified to help support the emergence of clean energy en- in Indonesia trepreneurs and design an identification process that favors pro-poor and gender-sensitive clean energy market solutions in Indonesia. Lessons have been disseminated through website postings (http://greeninnovation.or.id/) and at a workshop held in Jakarta in April 2013. 4 Renewable Energy Access Improvement An inception report was presented to the government in February 2013 and two workshops 27 have supported capacity building in least-cost electrification planning and geospatial mapping. An investment plan and funding prospectus were also prepared for renewable access projects in Flores (Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) province), NTT, and are currently being finalized in discussions with the PLN. MONGOLIA 5 Enhance Awareness of Electrification of A paper entitled “Capturing the Sun in the Land of the Blue Sky: Providing Portable Solar Power Rural Herders through Solar Home Systems to Nomadic Herders in Mongolia” was published and two documentaries were produced showing how electricity has changed the lives of nomadic herders in Mongolia. The material was success- fully circulated through internal and external World Bank distribution channels as well as among the project’s key stakeholders. One of the films was shown at the Sustainable Development Net- work event in Washington, DC, in early 2013. It was the subject of an article by the President of the World Bank for a Bloomberg Op-Ed (web link: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-14/ how-mongolia-brought-nomads-tv-and-mobile-phones.html ). 6 Evaluation of Social Impacts of Mongolia Mongolia’s Renewable Energy and Rural Electricity project was evaluated by surveying 800 Renewable Energy and Rural Electricity nomadic herders who have benefited from the project. The study resulted in clear findings on the Access Project social impacts of the scheme and important lessons learned relating to income generation and improved standards of living. NEPAL 7 Sustainable Hydropower Development Training workshops were conducted and consultants selected whose services have been made available to Nepal’s Electricity Authority. Valuable assistance included advice on selecting the most cost-efficient and technically suitable turbine equipment for the Kali Gandaki hydropower project and ways to reach consensus on the scheme amongst Nepal’s major political parties. PHILIPPINES 8 Electric Cooperatives Reform and Restructur- The project has progressed well, with consultants selected who have helped Electric Cooperatives ing Phase II in the Philippines expand their purchases of indigenous renewable resources. 9 Renewable Energy policy Implementation The activity supported implementation of critical elements of the policy and regulatory frame- Support work for renewable energy investment in the Philippines, including a portfolio of projects to be developed through the IBRD/Clean Technology Fund (CTF) Philippines Renewable Energy Develop- ment (PHRED) project. Table 2.1 continued on page 29. 28 ASTAE is working with consultants to help Electric Cooperatives in the Philippines expand their purchases of indigenous renewable resources. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TABLE 2.1: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR (CONTINUED) ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY SOLOMON ISLANDS 10 Tina River Hydropower Development Proj- Tina River Hydropower Development Project—Benefit Sharing and Technical Quality Assurance ect—Benefit Sharing and Technical Quality Assurance VIETNAM 11 Cumulative Impact Assessment on Small A kick off workshop was held in August 2012 with all relevant Government and other stakehold- Hydropower Projects on River Cascades ers. World Bank e-procurement guidelines were subsequently applied to hire a qualified consul- tant firm to carry out an Inception and Screening Report that was submitted to the World Bank and Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) in May 2013. The Government of Vietnam is reviewing the submission and a consultation workshop to discuss its findings is planned for late July. TONGA 12 Fundamentals of an Energy Roadmap in The implementation of this grant progressed well with the holding of an Energy Leaders’ Summit Small Island Developing States. in Tonga and a Pacific Energy Summit in New Zealand, both in March 2013. The events were well attended and succeeded in raising awareness about the ways in which renewable energy and 29 energy efficiency can help address the energy challenges in the Pacific. One of the outcomes of the Summit was that Pacific island nations have secured pledges of 635 million NZ dollars (530.27 million U.S. dollars) in funding for renewable energy projects aimed at breaking their depen- dence on imported fossil fuels. 13 Fundamentals of an Energy Roadmap in The grant ensured the effective implementation of the TERM Implementation Unit (TERM-IU), a Small Island Developing States. project that has improved the efficiency of electricity supply and use, developed grid-connected electricity using renewable energy resources, and expanded access to quality electricity services into remote areas. 30 An ASTAE- funded program in Vietnam helped operationalize the ROADEO. ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TH R E E ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy-efficiency improvements can cut peak load FY13 New Regional Energy Efficiency Program demand, decrease energy consumption, and reduce Highlights An ASTAE-funded initiative in the World Bank’s SAR region the need to build new power plants. By making pow- provided technical assistance to help SAR countries er generation, buildings, and vehicles more efficient, identify cost-effective measures to mitigate short-lived countries can lessen their reliance on imported fuel climate pollutants (SLCPs). Black carbon emissions from South Asia arise mainly from transport, industrial sources, sources, free up government funds for spending biomass combustion for cooking and open burning, and elsewhere, and pass generation savings onto busi- inefficient diesel generators and brick kilns. A dedicated nesses and consumers. strategy to mitigate SLCPs is important as the emission of particulates in SAR countries is beyond safe levels. In FY13 Energy-efficiency improvements can be achieved through ASTAE financed the initial phase of the program focused on 31 means such as improved electricity generation, energy Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. In India, ASTAE’s activities demand management, or the use of clean, efficient cook centered on the transport sector, while in Bangladesh and stoves. By supporting energy efficiency programs, ASTAE Nepal, ASTAE assisted programs that focus on advancing is helping EAP and SAR countries improve their energy energy efficiency in rural agriculture and clean cook stoves. security, cut GHG emissions, and extend saved energy into off-grid communities. Ongoing Energy Efficiency Programs in the FY 2012-15 Business Plan Period In FY13, ASTAE allocated 23 percent of its funds to energy The Maldives is one of the world’s countries that is most efficiency activities. Over the course of the FY2012–15 vulnerable to climate change. In FY13, an ASTAE-funded Business Plan period, these programs have resulted in Clean Energy Development and Regulatory Support project cumulative electricity generation savings of 2,980 GWh and helped the country move towards its goal of becoming quantity savings of 350 MW. the world’s first carbon-neutral country by 2020. The ASTAE activity supported two projects. The Clean Energy for Climate Mitigation scheme helped the country reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels by promoting the use of renewable energy resources and introducing energy efficiency measures in an island community. A second ASTAE-funded initiative assisted the government in developing a regulatory framework to strengthen the monitoring of the Maldivian utilities’ performance and to ensure that an adequate, reliable, and affordable supply power is delivered to customers. In Bangladesh 32 32 32 and Nepal, ASTAE assisted programs that focus on advancing energy In Pakistan, ASTAE supported a Natural Gas Efficiency efficiencY in clean cook Project to reduce the high rate of gas losses (unaccounted- for gas – UFG) at one of the country’s two gas stoves. transmission/distribution utilities. Losses at Pakistan’s Southern Gas Company have traditionally run at about nine percent, as compared to one-to-two percent at better Ongoing Regional Energy Efficiency Activities functioning gas plants. It has been estimated that at least 75 percent of the lost methane was leaked into the An ASTAE-funded program in Vietnam helped operationalize atmosphere. The ASTAE-funded project was designed to the ROADEO I (Road Emissions Optimization) tool for bring the utility’s UFG losses to about five percent. This integration into the country’s Road Asset Management will help reduce methane emissions, improve service Program and the next phase will be focused on a regional delivery, and make natural gas more affordable. Specific study with regional dissemination. Designed by the World ASTAE activities included producing an analysis of UFG Bank with support from ASTAE, the ROADEO tool helps data, facilitating discussions on organizational requirements planners, road designers, and construction managers for successful execution, and piloting residential consumer manage and mitigate GHG emissions. In FY13, the toolkit meter tests to better understand the nature and size of was field tested to determine user friendliness and the problem of slowing meters. The ASTAE initiative also readiness for full-scale operation. Designed to be easily provided support to IBRD and IDA pilot projects that focus adaptable, the ASTAE-funded pilot study in Vietnam is on energy efficient consumer appliances. generating important lessons that will be shared in other countries. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TABLE 3.1: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY SECTOR ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY BANGLADESH 1 Household Energy in South Asia Region Activities resulted in the adoption of a household energy component in the World Bank’s Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II (RERED II). The grant supported consultants who placed a particular focus on a gender-responsive household fuel component, identified and suggested activities to address capacity gaps in the implementing agency, and supported develop- ment of a technical standards committee to ensure cook stoves are of optimal quality. MALDIVES 2 Clean Energy Development and Regulatory The grant helped develop a regulatory framework to strengthen the monitoring of the Maldivian Support utilities’ performance that was completed and presented in June 2012. Feedback was very posi- tive. The reporting period has also been procurement-heavy, with the signing of a grid-connected solar Photovoltaic (PV) system contract and consultancies created in the areas of energy conserva- tion and efficiency improvement and technology assessments. PAKISTAN 3 Natural Gas Loss Reduction The Natural Gas Loss Reduction project supported by this grant became effective in October 2012, and, despite organizational challenges faced by the implementing agency, is progressing in help- 33 ing to reduce the unaccounted-for natural gas losses down to about 5 percent from the current rate of 9 percent. A new Project Director and a new Project Manager for the project assumed their posts in June 2013. REGIONAL/EAST ASIA: 4 Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation in This grant was activated at end of FY12 and is scheduled to conclude in December 2014. Task Road Transport: Toolkit Implementation and teams have theoretically agreed on two project sites at which to demonstrate the ROADEO I Life-Cycle Analysis (Road Emissions Optimization) tool that was developed with ASTAE previous finance which helps planners, road designers, and construction managers manage and mitigate GHG emissions. REGIONAL/SOUTH ASIA 5 Mitigation Options for Short-Lived Climate The contracting of the first activity (Transport in India) is under preparation with discussions Pollutants in South Asia taking place with the University of California San Diego and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) of India. The objective of this activity is to convene stakeholders and experts concerned with public health, environmental damage, climate change, environmental justice, economic de- velopment, and transport industry competitiveness; and to develop an action agenda of scientific research, technology development, policy intervention, and innovative pilot programs to reduce black carbon and ozone precursor emissions from India’s transportation sector. 34 In FY13 ASTAE dedicated 37 percent of its allocations to energy access programs. ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 FOUR E N E R GY A C C E S S Lack of access to quality energy services entrench- FY13 New Energy Access Program Highlights es poverty, constrains the delivery of social services, In Bangladesh, ASTAE helped develop a strategy and action plan for implementation of the improved cook stove limits opportunities for women and girls, and erodes component of the country’s second Rural Electrification environmental sustainability at the local, national, and and Renewable Energy Development project (RERED II). global levels. By improving electricity supply and dis- Assistance provided by ASTAE included the financing of consultants who helped define the eligibility criteria for tribution, governments can boost economic growth, partner organizations, identified implementing agency create jobs, and expand the reach of health and ed- capacity gaps, and suggested ways to harmonize quality standards for cook stoves. The ASTAE assistance is ucational services to communities that still live off designed to protect poor households, and in particular the the grid. Energy access programs can also catalyze women and children who live in them, from the negative 35 markets for clean, effective cook stoves, thereby re- health impacts caused by emissions from traditional cook stoves. ducing the negative health impacts caused by indoor pollution. By supporting projects that directly facili- In Indonesia, ASTAE financed a Clean Stove Initiative tate investments in energy access programs (such (CSI) that helped develop a scalable market for clean, energy efficient biomass stoves. Launched with the as the example in Box 4.1) ASTAE is contributing EAP’s Infrastructure for Growth Trust Fund of Australian toward life-changing impacts, whether because of Government, the program focused on capacity building, policy development, piloting result based financing (RBF), new opportunities opened by access to electricity or and providing support to selected government action improved efficiency in daily tasks made possible by plans. In Lao PDR, where 96 percent of the population the use of powered tools and appliances. uses solid fuels for cooking, ASTAE financed the Lao Clean Stove Initiative which helped build local capacity to In FY13 ASTAE dedicated 37 percent of its allocations scale up the supply and use of improved cook stoves. The to energy access programs. Over the FY2012-15 period, initiative included training government staff and cook stove ASTAE initiatives have resulted in nearly 1.2 million producers and working with the private sector, academic households gaining access to improved cooking or heat institutions and non-governmental organizations to develop sources, and 558,000 households gaining access to new mechanisms to market clean-burning cook stoves. The Lao sources of electricity. CSI, with other partners, also explores innovative health impact RBF based on market mechanisms. BOX 4.1 ASTAE SUPPORT TO WORLD BANK PROGRAMS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION An ASTAE-funded activity in Indonesia has helped ensure that social dimensions—such as gender equality and PAPUA NEW GUINEA equity—are taken into consideration when designing energy access projects, including the above-mentioned cook stove activities and promotion of sustainable energy access in remote islands. In Vietnam, an ASTAE initiative helped develop a comprehensive strategy to address the current financial performance constraints facing the country’s power companies. Despite the impressive rate of electrification in Vietnam in recent years—96.3 percent of households had electricity access in 2008, up from 50.7 percent in 1996— there is growing concern of the ability of Vietnam Electric (EVN), the country’s largest power company, and its subsidiaries to finance the large investment requirements required to meet growing demand, repay debt, and Access to electricity in Papua New Guinea 36 make timely payments for third party power purchases. (PNG) is essentially limited to major urban ASTAE support is crucial for a sustainable power sector areas. The vast majority of the population and ongoing power sector reform so that the impressive that live in rural areas has very limited or no access to electricity. Papua New Guinea’s success in electrification will be maintained to provide government is tackling this problem by reliable and high quality of power at affordable rate. opening up competition in the country’s electricity sector. In FY13 ASTAE continued In Tonga, an ASTAE activity in FY13 provided quick, “just to help develop a Third Party Access in time” technical assistance and other support to ensure (TPA) code that will enable new electricity the smooth implementation of a program to improve providers to connect to the country’s the efficiency of electricity supply and use, develop grid- existing transmission facilities. The national connected electricity using renewable energy resources, private sector participation scheme— and improve access to quality electricity services in remote which is being carried out with PNG’s areas. The major outcome of ASTAE support to the TERM Independent Consumer and Competition Implementation Unit (TERM-IU) of the Tonga Energy Commission—is expected to increase Roadmap Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening (The household electricity access from current 10-12 percent rate to 70 percent by 2030. TERM-IRFS) Project—will be an established framework In FY13, at the PNG government’s request, for the Tonga project and toolkit for SIDS in other parts of ASTAE provided additional financing to the world to develop similar roadmaps for themselves. support the Department of Petroleum and The project is the first ASTAE’s RETF project, co-financed Energy in developing a technical code as with Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) of the well as rules governing connection and Australian government. In the past, ASTAE supported access, including metering requirements. the development of “Tonga Energy Road Map 2010- 2020: Ten Year Road Map to Reduce Tonga’s Vulnerability to Oil Price shocks and Achieve an Increase in Quality Access to Modern Energy Services in an Environmentally , or “Tonga Energy Road Map (TERM)” Sustainable Manner” . TERM employs a “whole-of-sector” approach as opposed ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 to isolated and disconnected interventions addresses improvements in petroleum supply chain and consideration of price hedging instruments, increased efficiency both in electricity supply and use, development of grid-connected renewable energy resources, improved access to quality electricity services in remote areas, reduced environmental impacts both locally and globally, enhanced energy security, and overall sector financial viability. Following the success of TERM, Vanuatu has recently developed a Vanuatu National Energy Road Map for 2013-2020 in March 2013. ASTAE Ongoing Regional Energy Access Activities The SAR region recently launched an Umbrella Initiative on Access to Electricity that supports the UN’s SE4ALL program. Given that India accounts for more than one-third of the 1.4 billion people worldwide without electricity, any progress toward electrification in the SAR region will be 37 key to attaining the SE4ALL goals. In FY13 ASTAE support financed consultant inputs for the preparation of two World Bank papers. Power for All: Electricity Access Challenge in India examines the impressive advances India has made since 2002 toward its goal of universal access, and looks at the barriers that remain to be overcome. The Elite Capture: Domestic Tariff Subsidies in India paper analyzes the electricity consumption subsidies given to India’s domestic consumers. Together, In the papers constitute a knowledge foundation for the Umbrella Initiative, Indonesia, which will build upon and extend ASTAE financed a their findings to other countries in the region such as Bangladesh Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) and Nepal. that helped develop a scalable In India and Vietnam, ASTAE market for clean, energy is helping introduce a monitoring methodology with which to use efficient biomass stoves. satellite technology to monitor rural electrification efforts. Table 4.1 on the next page provides a country- by country summary of progress in achieving energy access in the countries with ASTAE activities. In Vietnam, ASTAE support is crucial for a sustainable power sector and ongoing power sector reform. 38 ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TABLE 4.1: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN THE ENERGY ACCESS SECTOR ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY INDONESIA 1 Clean Stove Initiative, Support to the emer- The Indonesia Clean Stove Initiative (Indonesia-CSI) was launched in early 2012 to help scale up gence of scalable biomass stoves markets access to clean and efficient cook stoves across Indonesia. The program has made significant prog- ress toward the grant objectives over the course of FY13. Achievements include the holding of a second national consultation workshop and a technical committee meeting. The initiative also helped develop a roadmap that was endorsed by the client to achieve universal access to clean cooking. The roadmap will start with a pilot program and then envisions two consecutive national programs to eventually achieve universal access to clean cooking by 2030. LAO PDR 2 Clean Stove Initiative Phase 2 The grant helped establish the Inter-Ministerial Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) taskforce with the goal of increase the capacity of the government to scale up the use and supply of improved cook stoves, clean cook stove standards and labeling, and explore a potential of innovative health impact RBF. INDIA 3 Access to electricity solutions in South Asia The grant has financed papers that have shed light on the Indian government’s experience in 39 implementing a rural electrification program and tackling inefficient domestic power subsidies. The papers have been well received by the government. PAPUA NEW GUINEA 4 Assessing the Key Elements for the Devel- This grant supported the PNG’s Independent Consumer and Competition Commission (ICCC) in the opment of a Third Party Access Code for the development of a Third Party Access Code that will enable new electricity providers to connect Transmission and Distribution Networks in to the country’s existing transmission facilities. Consultants were hired to support the ICCC and Papua New Guinea reports were finalized. ASTAE provided additional financing to support the Department of Petro- leum and Energy (DPE) in developing a complementary Grid Code. VIETNAM 5 Strategic Options for Enhanced Financial Per- This grant supported the efforts of Vietnam Electricity (EVN) in developing a comprehensive formance of Vietnam’s Electricity Companies strategy to address the current financial performance constraints facing the country’s power com- panies. A project launch workshop attended by a broad range of stakeholders was held in June 2013, and work on the financial study progressed well. REGIONAL 6 Using Satellite Imagery to Monitor Progress This activity followed-up on the Tracking Light from the Sky (TLS) Project that—focusing on Mali of Rural Electrification and Senegal—demonstrated that Satellite Imagery is a valid and efficient tool with which to track and monitor the progress of rural electrification projects. The ASTAE grant helped refine the TLS concept for pilot testing in India and Vietnam. Cross- sector activities are usually those that relate to energy but are handled, supervised, and implemented by teams from other sectors or units. 40 ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 FIVE ASTAE ACTIVITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUPPLEMENTARY THEMES The FY2012–15 Business Plan formalizes ASTAE’s In FY13, ASTAE funded three cross-sector activities with a combined total allocation of US $823,190. A social sector contribution to supplementary themes that are now initiative in Indonesia to promote renewable electricity implemented and tracked by ASTAE in addition to its access through the Renewable Energy for Electrification Project, support to the strengthening of a community regular indicators. benefit-sharing scheme related to the Tina Hydropower Project in the Solomon Islands, and a project to identify These supplementary themes relate to the support and cost-effective measures to mitigate short-lived climate implementation of work that: (a) facilitates cross-sector pollutants (SLCP) emissions in South Asia. ASTAE’s interactions; (b) contributes to the integration of the continued attention to energy-related cross-sector energy-water-food security nexus; (c) enhances gender collaboration will grow in coming years and is likely to be awareness and inclusion in projects; and (d) leverages extended to other sectors, such as health, water, and private sector involvement. agriculture. 41 Working on and including these supplementary themes is Energy-Water-Food Security Nexus sometimes complex under regular World Bank operations, ASTAE funds activities that enhance the understanding and teams that have to focus on time-bound and energy- and integration of the energy-water-food security nexus in related outputs and impacts have difficulty finding the World Bank programs. Activities under this nexus can be time and resources to explore alternative ways to deliver handled by energy teams or by teams from other sectors, beyond their core stakeholders, even when they are in which case they are also considered to be cross-sector. interested in trying new approaches. For example, in FY 2013, ASTAE began working with the Social, Environment and Rural Sector of the EAP to Building on methods that have proven successful in explore the “greening” of export agriculture in the region. mainstreaming alternative energies, ASTAE provides Subsequent scoping work has been carried out that funding that can be used to add a component or a study focuses on various strategies and approaches to reduce related to these supplementary themes. Alternatively, the environmental footprint of export-oriented agriculture funding can also be used to test a new idea or and to make policy instruments available to governments methodology that does not yet have a project application that will bring about more sustainable practices among but that may be mainstreamed later. The latter option farmers and agro-enterprises. ASTAE is also looking to provides a chance for teams to take a risk that would not integrate energy-water-food security considerations into be possible under tight World Bank budgets but that could benefit-sharing activities related to Tina River Hydropower provide high rewards in future Bank operations. Development Project in the Solomon Islands. Facilitation of Cross-Sector Interactions Enhance Gender Awareness and Inclusion in Cross-sector activities are usually those that relate in one Projects manner or another to energy but are handled, supervised, The Operationalization of the World Development Report and implemented by teams from other sectors or units (WDR) 2012 on Gender validated ASTAE’s traditional focus than the energy sector. BOX 5.1 SOLAR HOME SYSTEM IMPROVES GENDER EQUALITY on gender-energy and led to ASTAE support to EAP Energy Gender Action Plan. Systematic engagement with the MONGOLIA social teams in EAP began in FY12, with a contribution to the region’s gender action plan that led to specific gender- related activities in the following fiscal year. With ASTAE’s active encouragement, the task teams incorporate gender dimensions in ASTAE activities if appropriate (e.g., hand- held lighting products with solar power, clean cook stoves, gender aspects of service provision and expansion with Electric Cooperatives, etc.). An example of an initiative’s success can be found in Indonesia, where the Leveraging Global Knowledge Networks for Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy Program has had a number of gender impacts. The program’s Building Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy initiative featured a contest for entrepreneurs and two of the five companies that made it to the final round of the program were founded or co-founded by 42 The widespread adoption of SHSs and the women entrepreneurs. Box 5.1 illustrates how the solar subsequent improvements in access to home systems used by nomadic herders in Mongolia have electricity services have positively impacted improved gender equality. intra-household dynamics, particularly in the area of gender inequality-related issues. The majority of the women interviewed in an Leverage Private Sector Involvement ASTAE-funded survey indicated that their The impact of ASTAE-funded activities on private sector newly-gained access to stable electricity development and involvement is only partially captured has translated into significant time-savings, by the current monitoring system, which focuses on which in turn, allow for increased time leverage of World Bank projects that, by definition, are spent on personal care, parenting, learning primarily implemented with and often by governments and work diversification. Following the installation of SHSs, women indicated they or their state-owned utilities. From inception through the have enjoyed a greater degree of freedom end of the previous Business Plan, ASTAE-supported Bank in making household-related decisions and projects registered contributions of about US$1.2 billion that male herders are putting higher value from the private sector; or roughly 22 percent of the total on a woman’s contribution towards the US$5.2 billion leveraged, an amount equivalent to that overall level of household income. provided by the governments. Indonesia’s Leveraging Global Knowledge Networks for Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy Program has been promoting pro-poor private sector development (Box 5.2). Vietnam’s strategic financial recovery of the electricity sector and PNG’s third party access and grid codes as well as the Solar Market Development for Off-grid Access in Pakistan and Afghanistan and clean cook stoves activities in EAP and SAR will provide an enabling environment for private sector involvement. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 BOX 5.2 LEVERAGING GLOBAL KNOWL- EDGE NETWORKS FOR INNOVATION CAPACITY IN CLEAN ENERGY Low Carbon Growth INDONESIA ASTAE is at the forefront of promoting sustainable, inclusive green growth among its EAP and SAR client countries. ASTAE activities cover the entire green growth spectrum, and include helping governments devise strategies to avoid locking in unsustainable practices, access the finance with which to fund energy efficiency activities, and take advantage of promising new technologies. Salient examples include Indonesia’s Leveraging Global Knowledge Networks for Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy Program and the Solar Market Development for Off-grid Access in Pakistan and Afghanistan, which focuses on promoting inclusive low carbon growth in poor communities. ASTAE also finances low carbon growth initiatives in SIDS such as the Maldives, PNG, and Tonga. This pilot program was supported by 43 the Green Growth Knowledge Platform   of the World Bank. The main objective was to develop local capacity to support clean energy innovation in Indonesia by harnessing global knowledge networks. The three sub-objectives of the pilot were to create a new approach to supporting clean energy entrepreneurs; create a new approach to identifying clean energy opportunities, and designing and deploying pro-poor market solutions; and disseminate lessons learned on new approaches to clean energy innovation promotion in Indonesia and globally. In 2012, 20 clean energy startups were mentored and trained as a result of activities organized by the Ministry of Research and Technology. 44 ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 SIX PROGRESS ON FY 2012–15 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS In addition to reporting on its activity disbursements Indicator 1: Total World Bank lending catalyzed by and reporting on World Bank–related investment ASTAE activities By providing advisory services and technical assistance, projects (see Appendix 4), ASTAE tracks a set of ASTAE informs the preparation and execution of major indicators showing the trajectory of its influence in World Bank energy projects. Four ASTAE-supported supporting sustainable energy development. projects were approved in FY13 by the Board for a total of US$ 681 million. Some of these projects are linked to activities under ASTAE’s prior business plans, others were The indicators were chosen to illustrate each pillar. approved during the current business plan. Added to FY12’s Although they may not cover the pillar’s entire spectrum— leverage of US$1,301 million, the cumulative FY2012-15 for example, there is more to renewable energy than total is US$ 1,982 million. generating electricity using renewable sources—the indicators convey the predominant trend. The indicators are 45 In FY12-FY13 ASTAE provided project preparation support usually available from World Bank project documentation for the cookstove component and support to solar mini-grid and are therefore easily referenced from published options of the World Bank-financed Rural Electrification and sources. Appendix 2 provides a table linking all ASTAE Renewable Energy Development II project (RERED II) in activities disbursed in FY13 to the related World Bank Bangladesh. As a result of RERED II, 558,000 households projects, and shows their contributions to ASTAE indicators. have gained access to new sources of electricity, and more than one million clean cook stoves were disseminated. A project’s achievements are measured as direct when they result from World Bank loans and grants and as indirect when the impacts are derived from country Indicator 2: New capacity and increased generation stakeholder actions supported by World Bank and ASTAE of renewable electricity technical assistance. Indirect impacts are tracked when By supporting projects that directly facilitate investments, relevant, but no pledge is made on these because little ASTAE activities lead to increased capacity and generation influence may be claimed by ASTAE. from renewable sources. Table 6.1 provides the renewable electricity capacity and generation added during the first Contributions from all projects approved during the year of the FY2012–15 Business Plan period, both directly FY2012-15 Business Plan period are compiled to derive through World Bank loans and indirectly from investments the indicators described below. Cumulative progress of all facilitated by World Bank projects and ASTAE activities. indicators against business plan targets is provided in Table While countries listed in the table are those in which 3.5 at the end of this chapter. ASTAE supported renewable-energy activities in FY13, not all ASTAE activities have yet resulted in an approved project or other progress on the related indicators. TABLE 6.1: RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY CAPACITY Indicator 3: Electricity savings resulting from ADDED, BY COUNTRY (FY2012–15 BUSINESS efficiency improvements PLAN PERIOD) ASTAE helps embed energy efficiency measures into RENEWABLE ENERGY World Bank programs and assists governments in taking COUNTRIES WITH energy efficiency into account as part of the policy planning ASTAE ACTIVITY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY GENERATION process. Table 6.2 provides a summary of cumulative (MW ) (GWH) annual electricity savings that derive from ASTAE- supported World Bank projects once fully implemented. BANGLADESH 61 N.A. These estimates are calculated based on direct savings through World Bank loans or on indirect support by way of INDONESIA - 1,208 investments facilitated by World Bank and ASTAE technical MALDIVES N.A. N.A. support. TABLE 6.2: CUMULATIVE ELECTRICITY SAVINGS, MONGOLIA - - BY COUNTRY, FY2012–15 BUSINESS PLAN PERIOD NEPAL 144 N.A. 46 PAPUA NEW GUINEA N.A. N.A. ENERGY EFFICIENCY (AVOIDED ELECTRICITY) PHILIPPINES N.A. N.A. COUNTRIES WITH ASTAE ACTIVITY IN SOLOMON ISLANDS N.A. N.A. ENERGY EFFICIENCY CAPACITY GENERATION (MW (GWH SAVED) EQUIVALENT) TONGA - - VIETNAM N.A. N.A. BANGLADESH - 160 REGIONALACTIVITIES - - CHINA - 0.00619 TOTAL 205 1,208 INDONESIA N.A. N.A. N.A.: Not available yet, project to go to Board in future years. - : Not applicable—activity not expected to contribute to this LAO PDR - - indicator, or indicator not measurable. MALDIVES - - PAKISTAN 350 2,820 In Indonesia, from FY08-FY11 ASTAE helped identify PAPUA NEW GUINEA N.A. N.A. and prepare geothermal projects to be financed by the World Bank’s FY12 Geothermal Clean Energy Investment PAKISTAN - - Project. The World Bank scheme has contributed to ASTAE’s renewable energy and CO2 mitigation indicators: PHILIPPINES N.A. N.A. Renewable energy generation capacity has increased by TONGA N.A. N.A. 1,208 GWh/y, and direct CO2 emissions of 22 million tons over 20 years have been avoided. VIETNAM - - REGIONALACTIVITIES N.A. N.A. TOTAL 350 2,980 N.A.: Not available yet, project to go to Board in future years. - : Not applicable—activity not expected to contribute to this indicator, or indicator not measurable. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 In Pakistan, ASTAE in FY12 provided assistance to the TABLE 6.3: HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO gas utility in the start-up phase if the World Bank-financed MODERN ENERGY SERVICES, BY COUNTRY, Natural Gas Efficiency Project. The World Bank project FY2012–15 BUSINESS PLAN PERIOD has since contributed toward success in ASTAE’s third indicator: Electricity savings resulting from efficiency HOUSEHOLDS WITH NEW OR IM- improvements. To date, the project has brought cumulative PROVED ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES energy savings equal to 2,820 GWh/y. COUNTRIES WITH (NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS) ASTAE ACTIVITY IN ACCESS TO ENERGY NEW IMPROVED Indicator 4: Households with access to modern ELEC- IMPROVED COOKING ELECTRICI- energy services TRICITY ACCESS TY ACCESS AND HEAT- ING ACCESS This indicator reflects ASTAE’s success in extending access BANGLADESH 558,000 N.A. 1,020,000 to modern energy services by measuring the number of households reached. The indicator comprises three INDONESIA N.A. N.A. N.A. sub-indicators: (a) the number of households receiving LAO PDR N.A. N.A. N.A. new access to electricity, (b) the number of households receiving improved electricity, (c) the number of MONGOLIA - - 175,000 households receiving improved access to efficient stoves 47 for heating and cooking. Table 6.3 provides the available PAPUA NEW GUINEA - - - data on this indicator. TONGA N.A. N.A. N.A. In addition to ASTAE’s success in helping extend clean VIETNAM - - - cooking solutions to more than one million people/ REGIONAL N.A. N.A. N.A. households in Bangladesh (described in detail under the ACTIVITIES section on Indicator 1), an ASTAE program in Mongolia TOTAL 558,000 0 1,195,000 helped achieve success toward ASTAE’s fourth indicator: N.A.: Not available yet, project to go to Board in future years. Households with access to modern energy services. - : Not applicable—activity not expected to contribute to this From FY08-09 ASTAE provided technical assistance to the indicator, or indicator not measurable. government to analyze the sources of air pollution and provide suggestions for a program to improve heating in poor, per-urban areas of the capital, Ulaanbaatar. The Indicator 5: Avoided greenhouse gas emissions government’s subsequent Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project has provided 175,000 households with impoved heating This indicator estimates the quantity of CO2 emissions that solutions. would be avoided over 20 years (the conventional lifespan of projects or equipment) through ASTAE-supported World Bank projects. It determines the CO2 equivalent saved directly and indirectly through the replacement of conventional thermal power plants with renewable energy and realizing the potential energy savings. Table 6.4 provides the available information on progress regarding this indicator. TABLE 6.4: CO 2 MITIGATED, BY COUNTRY, Indicator 6: Countries benefiting from ASTAE FY2012–15 BUSINESS PLAN PERIOD support This indicator ensures that ASTAE resources are used in COUNTRIES WITH ASTAE CO2 MITIGATED a balanced manner across all ASTAE countries, providing ACTIVITY THAT MAY RE- DUCE GHG (MILLION TONS OVER 20 YEARS) equal funding opportunities to large countries (for example, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Vietnam) and to smaller countries BANGLADESH - (such as Pacific Islands and Maldives). ASTAE financed activities in 12 countries out of the 15 targeted, in addition CHINA 32.1 to regional activities. With four countries in South Asia INDONESIA N.A. and 8 in East Asia, the difference reflects the difference in number of countries between the two regions. MALDIVES N.A. MONGOLIA - NEPAL N.A. Summary of ASTAE Progress towards the FY2012- 15 Business Plan Targets PAKISTAN 240.0 All ASTAE activities are designed to adapt to the wide 48 PAPUA NEW GUINEA - variety of issues throughout the region, as well as to the country context. Table 6.5 provides a summary of all TONGA N.A. indicators discussed in this chapter. VIETNAM 8.2 REGIONAL ACTIVITIES - Looking Ahead TOTAL 280.3 This second year of ASTAE’s MDTF has provided targeted N.A.: Not available yet, project to go to Board in future years. support in a number of key areas, ranging from the -: Not applicable—activity not expected to contribute to this household level to the financial sustainability of entire indicator, or indicator not measurable. power sectors. ASTAE activities spanned the entire project cycle, from early stage exploration to identify potential World Bank lending to critical support for project implementation and project evaluation. ASTAE also demonstrated its critical role in support of the UN SE4ALL objectives and the operationalization of WDR 2012 on Gender. This trend of ASTAE’s operational focus and flexible just-in-time financing—a comparative advantage that complements the work of other trust funds that focused on more upstream program—will continue for the next years of the ASTAE MDTF. ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TABLE 6.5: SUMMARY OF FISCAL 2012–15 BUSINESS PLAN TARGETS PLEDGED AND ACHIEVED DIRECT VALUE VALUE PROG- UNIT INDICATORS PLEDGED ACHIEVED RESS % 1. TOTAL WORLD BANK LENDING CATALYZED BY ASTAE ACTIVITIES MILLION PROJECTS AND PROGRAM LENDING 3,200 1,982 62 US$ 2. NEW CAPACITY AND INCREASED GENERATION OF RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY - CAPACITY MW 1,500 205 14 RENEWABLE ENERGY - GENERATION GWH/YEAR 3,000 1,208 40 3. ELECTRICITY SAVINGS RESULTING FROM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ENERGY SAVINGS - CAPACITY MW EQVT 1,000 350 35 ENERGY SAVINGS - GENERATION GWH/YEAR 2,000 2,980 149 49 4. HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES HOUSE- ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY (NEW) 2,000,000 558,000 28 HOLD HOUSE- ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY (IMPROVED) 1,000,000 0 0 HOLD HOUSE- IMPROVED STOVES FOR HEATING (COOKING AND SPACE) 5,000,000 1,195,000 24 HOLD 5. AVOIDED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS MILLION DIRECT CO2 AVOIDED OVER 20 YEARS 200 280 140 TONS 6. COUNTRIES BENEFITING FROM ASTAE SUPPORT NUMBER OF COUNTRIES COUNTRIES 15 12 80 Note: Direct refers to values achieved, or expected to be achieved, in the course of World Bank–funded projects that benefited from ASTAE support. 50 ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 SEVEN ASTAE PUBLICATIONS, KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND WEBSITE Publications ASTAE activities produce a number of outputs in various formats, depending on the target audience and the best way to deliver information to each audience. Most reports are by-products of activities funded by ASTAE, although some are the end products. When suitable, the products are published, printed, and widely distributed to a broader audience, including through ASTAE’s website. Many reports are not published, mostly because they are confidential Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings, Phnom Penh, outputs delivered to partner countries. The purpose of each Cambodia (March, 2013) publication is to share—within and among countries in The clean stove initiative (CSI) forum is part of the World the region and beyond—the knowledge and experiences, Bank’s EAP CSI regional program. It focuses on achieving 51 especially innovative ones, generated by ASTAE activities. access to modern cooking and heating solutions in the EAP region, particularly through scaled-up access to advanced During FY13, ASTAE published the six reports listed below: cooking and heating stoves for poor rural households. The vast majority of these households will likely continue using solid fuels to meet their cooking and heating needs beyond 2030. One of the objectives of the EAP CSI forum was to share results from implementing the first phase of the CSI. These included reports on initial stocktaking activities in the four participating countries (Indonesia, China, Lao PDR, and Mongolia) along with the intervention strategies used in each of them. Another objective was to promote collaboration, learning, and knowledge-sharing Capturing the Sun in the Land of the Blue Sky, Providing as the country initiatives move into their second phase. Portable Solar Power to Nomadic Herders in Mongolia In each case, striking the right balance between market- (December 2012).For centuries, Mongolian herders have based solutions with appropriately targeted subsidies was lived a simple, nomadic lifestyle. Until recently, it was also discussed at length. a life without electricity. The Renewable Energy and Rural Electricity Access Project helped them transform their lives. Lighting Rural India: Experience of Rural Load REAP was an important factor of the Mongolian govern- Segregation Schemes in States - Overview (May 2013) ment’s National 100,000 Solar Ger Electrification Program. Irrigated agriculture has always been at the heart of India’s The Program provided a vast, dispersed community of Green Revolution. Therefore, traditionally, the power supply over half a million herders with access to modern forms of to agriculture has been heavily subsidized. This paper is an electricity through portable solar home systems. REAP was overview of the experience of different Indian states (such funded by the World Bank (including grants from IDA and as Gujarat and Rajasthan) in improving the levels of their GEF) and the Government of the Netherlands. rural electrification efforts. It is based on the findings of a study in rural load segregation for lighting rural India. The study focused on analyzing differences in approach to The structure of this report reflects the directional rural feeder segregation across Indian states and assessed organization of the study. Chapter two offers a detailed the financial viability of each scheme. Due to the enormous descriptive analysis of national- and regional-level costs involved, several states have undertaken programs of household fuel-wood use, supplemented by a detailed rural feeder segregation which involve separation of rural analysis of fuel-wood consumption and expenditure among non-agricultural and agricultural consumers by connecting rural and peri-urban households. Chapter three discusses them to separate feeders (i.e., physically separating paid the health and gender-related issues linked to Indoor Air and nominally-paid loads). Pollution exposure resulting from use of energy-inefficient cook stoves. A detailed analysis of potential exposure and According to the results of the study, in order to design the risk factors is given as an example, using data from the most optimal rural power supply system in India, a strategic case study. Chapter four analyzes household demand for framework should be outlined at the national level. In other cook stoves and the supply chain in the case study area, words, it was evident that a “one size fits all” approach will while chapter five presents the intervention strategy to not work across all Indian states due to the differences in promote improved cook stoves. Chapter six proposes local conditions and contexts of each state. These findings a complementary pilot project for promoting the use of were presented to the Ministry of Power, the Ministry of household biogas systems utilizing an alternative financing Finance, the Central Electricity Authority, and the states of approach. Finally, chapter seven provides conclusions. 52 Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu. Indonesia: Toward Universal Access to Clean Cooking Lao PDR: Pathways to Cleaner Household Cooking in (June 2013) Lao PDR, An Intervention Strategy (May 2013). Indonesia’s household cooking fuels have undergone The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) has a dramatic shift in recent years, owing primarily to the witnessed a steady rise in electricity service coverage government’s highly successful Kerosene-to-Liquefied over the past two decades. However, most households in Petroleum Gas (LPG) Conversion Program. However, its Lao PDR still rely on firewood and charcoal as their main impact in poorer rural areas has been limited. Switching source of cooking energy. Available sources of alternative to LPG, electricity, and other modern fuels would be the household cooking energy remain limited. These factors most effective way to achieve clean cooking solutions, combine to pose health risks from exposure to indoor air but these fuels are expensive, requiring costly stoves and pollution, especially among women and children. This report delivery infrastructure that are beyond reach of most rural takes a closer look at the issue, and discusses cleaner, households. By contrast, many types of biomass can be safer, and affordable sources of alternative household freely collected from the local environment or purchased cooking energy. for significantly less than other fuels. Thus, large-scale fuel switching in rural areas is unlikely to occur until rural economies become substantially more developed. This ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 means that an estimated 40 percent of households will donor concerns as well as fixing internally-identified issues. continue to rely on traditional biomass energy (especially The new layout of the website will be easier to navigate, fuel wood) to meet their daily cooking needs for years to and will feature information that is arranged in a logical come. This report presents an overview of household sequence. cooking fuels in Indonesia, including policy changes and other factors that influence fuel choices. It concludes by The new homepage will feature the following topical areas: recommending an implementation strategy (including an innovative financing approach) and the next steps in helping • Highlights (feature story with rotating photos Indonesia move toward universal access to clean cooking representing the three pillars); solutions by 2030. • Annual Status Report (latest copy); • Multimedia (available photos and videos from recent Knowledge Sharing activities); • Upcoming events and activities; and ASTAE is committed to capacity building and knowl- • Featured publications. edge-sharing. Due to its vast experience, ASTAE has accumulated an impressive knowledge base, and is happy An improved M&E Portal with enhanced search capabilities to assist other groups engaged in similar types of activities is another important change in the redesigned website. The within the region. activities shown on the portal will be color-coded by pillar, 53 As part of its knowledge-sharing activities, ASTAE has and be searchable by country and/or pillar. conducted seminars, workshops, and study tours. It has produced knowledge outputs such as technical guides, Composition of ASTAE Team methodologies, atlases, and toolkits. ASTAE has also played an important role in facilitating dialogue with various The ASTAE team comprised the following members in stakeholders and donor coordination. FY13: • Mr. Charles M. Feinstein, Sector Manager for the East ASTAE Website Development Asia and Pacific Water and Energy Unit (EASWE), who has been the ASTAE Program Panager since July 2012; The current ASTAE website contains a wealth of informa- • Ms. Jyoti Shukla, Sector Manager, South Asia Energy tion about the program on topics such as its history, donors Unit (SASDE), who oversaw activities in South Asia; (past and present), objectives, delivery mechanisms, • Ms. Natsuko Toba, Senior Economist in EASWE, who and leverage of World Bank operations. A complete list has been the ASTAE Coordinator since May 2010; of ASTAE publications are also listed and available to be • Mr. Dejan Ostojic, Energy Practice leader in EASWE, downloaded. who provided strategic support to the Program The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) portal contains select Manager and the coordinator for activities in East Asia ASTAE funded activities which are clearly identified on a and the Pacific; map. Hovering the mouse over any of these geo-tags will • Mr. Laurent Durix, Senior Energy consultant, who show the title of the activity. If clicked, information about provided technical support to the Program Manager the activity will be displayed on a webpage. These include and the Coordinator and now coordinates activities in the basic information about the activity (e.g., strategic pillar, South Asia; and objectives, status, etc.) as well as financial data, outcomes • Mr. Sivalingam Milton, Procurement Assistant, who and outputs. provided office support. ASTAE is currently working on revamping its external website. This on-going venture is aimed at addressing 54 ASTAE ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 APPENDICES FIGURE A1.1 ASTAE Presence in the South Asia and East Asia and the Pacific Regions Appendix 1: ASTAE Countries at a Glance: Region Map The map in Figure A1.1 shows the partner countries where ASTAE operates in the South Asia and East Asia and Pacific Regions. In this map, the World Bank SAR includes all countries to the west of Myanmar, while the other countries, including Myanmar itself are in the EAP region. 55 Ulaanbaatar M O N G O L I A Beijing Seoul REP. OF Kabul C H I N A KOREA AFGHANISTAN Islamabad P A C I F I C O C E A N PAKISTAN BHUTAN NEPAL Kathmandu Thimphu Dhaka I N D I A MYANMAR Hanoi Naypyidaw LAO BANGLADESH PDR Vientiane Philippine PHILIPPINES Sea THAILAND VIETNAM Manila Bangkok CAMBODIA Phnom- Penh MARSHALL ISLANDS SRI Colombo LANKA Koror Palikir Majuro M A L A Y S I PALAU Male A Kuala Lumpur FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MALDIVES Tarawa PAPUA KIRIBATI Jakarta I N D O N E S I A NEW GUINEA SOLOMON Funafuti Dili ISLANDS TIMOR-LESTE Port Honiara Moresby TUVALU SAMOA VANUATU Apia INDIAN OCEAN Port-Vila TONGA Suva FIJI Nuku’alofa IBRD 38347 JANUARY 2011 This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF ASTAE ACTIVITIES, ALLOCATIONS AND LEVEL OF EXECUTION BY COUNTRY, FY12 AND FY13 FY12 AND LEVEL OF FY13 ALLO- EXECUTION ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY CATIONS (PERCENT (US$) OF ALLOCA- TION) GRAND TOTAL 8,855,154 59 FY12 TOTAL 4,703,297 65 FY13 TOTAL 4,151,857 52 BANGLADESH 125,000 34 1 Household Energy Strategy in South Asia Region • Refocused on Bangladesh and decreased in funding 120,000 31 (Bangladesh) • Provides support to RERED-II component on promoting clean and efficient biomass cook stoves 2 Showcasing Results of World Bank–Supported • Support the production of a movie highlighting the 5,000 100 Intervention in Rural Electrification successes of the Bank-funded Solar Home System program in Bangladesh INDONESIA 1,945,000 51 3 Building Innovation Capacity in Clean Energy • Support the emergence of clean energy entrepreneurs 500,000 34 • Design an identification process that favors pro-poor and gender sensitive clean energy market solutions • Disseminate lessons learned in the process 56 4 Geothermal Power Development Program II • Prepare the synthesis of lessons learned and highlight 506,000 29 good practices related to investment preparation and policy reforms to be replicated in preparing quality future investments in Indonesia as well as globally. • Assist Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) design and implement the activities within a technical assistance to achieve its ambitious geothermal development target. • Support the development of a new investment that will be financed through a future World Bank loan • Provide technical assistance for policy and regulatory reforms 5 Renewable Energy Access Improvement • Support technology mapping and least-cost electrifica- 450,000 80 tion plan • Prepare bankable prospectus for funding the financing gap through syndication 6 Clean Stove Initiative: Support to the Emergence • Scale up access to clean and efficient biomass stoves 400,000 58 of Scalable Biomass Stoves Markets through capacity building, policy development and sup- porting government action plans. --Prepare Result Based Financing pilot 7 Integration of Social Dimension in Energy Access • Highlight gender, cultural aspects, social exclusion etc. 200,000 68 Projects with regards to access to energy • Influence positive social transformation through inclusive practices LAO PDR 400,000 82 8 Clean Stove Initiative Part 2 • Help build capacity to scale up use and supply of im- 400,000 82 proved cook stoves through support the Lao Government develop cook stove standards and market development of improved cook stoves ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF ASTAE ACTIVITIES, ALLOCATIONS AND LEVEL OF EXECUTION BY COUNTRY, FY12 AND FY13 FY12 AND LEVEL OF FY13 ALLO- EXECUTION ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY CATIONS (PERCENT (US$) OF ALLOCA- TION) GRAND TOTAL 8,855,154 59 FY12 TOTAL 4,703,297 65 FY13 TOTAL 4,151,857 52 MALDIVES 200,000 29 9 Clean Energy Development and Regulatory • Support the government for timely achievement of the 200,000 29 Support Clean Energy for Climate Mitigation project • Help design a comprehensive regulatory framework • Build the capacity of the Maldives Energy Authority MONGOLIA 209,000 32 10 Enhance Awareness of Electrification of Rural • Raise the awareness in Mongolia of the impact and ben- 69,000 79 Herders through Solar Home Systems efits of the 100,000 Solar Ger Electrification Program • Extract lessons of a successful example of applying inter- nationally proven practices in rural electrification 11 Evaluation of Social Impacts of Renewable Study welfare impacts (including gender) of provision of 140,000 9 Energy and Rural Electricity Access Project solar home systems and renewable energy hybrid off-grid systems in rural areas. - Document lessons learned for future reference 57 NEPAL 320,000 87 12 Sustainable Hydropower Development • Build local technical capacity in hydropower on 320,000 87 geotechnical, risk management, and environmental issues and sediment management • Provide advisory services to the Bank-financed Rehabilitation of Kali Gandaki A Hydropower Plant PAKISTAN 275,000 18 13 Natural Gas Loss Reduction • Reduce the physical and commercial losses of gas in the 100,000 50 pipeline system of one of the country’s two gas transmis- sion and distribution utilities 14 Strategy to Scale-up Renewable Energy • Provide technical assistance to federal and provincial 175,000 0 governments to develop a strategy to scale up the development of renewable energy resources • Identify priorities for future interventions PHILIPPINES 800,000 95 15 Electric Cooperatives Reform and Restructuring • Help implement the Renewable Portfolio Standard 300,000 100 – Phase II • Encourage Electric Cooperatives (EC) to expand their purchases of renewable energy • Create of a Renewable Energy (RE) market for the trading of RE certificates to help ECs with above efforts 16 Renewable Energy Policy Implementation • Help Electric Cooperatives (EC) with critical institutional 500,000 92 Support issues related to Philippines Renewable Energy Develop- ment Project. APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF ASTAE ACTIVITIES, ALLOCATIONS AND LEVEL OF EXECUTION BY COUNTRY, FY12 AND FY13 FY12 AND LEVEL OF FY13 ALLO- EXECUTION ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY CATIONS (PERCENT (US$) OF ALLOCA- TION) GRAND TOTAL 8,855,154 59 FY12 TOTAL 4,703,297 65 FY13 TOTAL 4,151,857 52 PAPUA NEW GUINEA 270,000 90 17 Development of a Third-Party Access Code for • Assess the key elements necessary for a third-party access 270,000 90 Transmission and Distribution Networks code • Support the Independent Consumer and Competition Commission in developing a code to facilitate a third party’s (potential electricity providers) access to the existing transmission and distribution network • At the request by the Government of Papua New Guinea, additional ASTAE support to help them develop Grid Code to complement the Third Party Access Code SOLOMON ISLANDS 223,190 40 18 Tina River Hydropower Development Project: • Strengthen benefit-sharing arrangements negotiated 223,190 40 Benefit-Sharing and Technical Quality Assurance with the affected community, and enhance the quality of technical design of the power generation facility 58 TONGA 520,000 82 19 Tonga Energy Road Map Implementation Sup- Recipient Executed 400,000 100 port for the Tonga Energy Road Map - Imple- • Provide international experts for technical advice to the mentation Unit (TERM-IU) Tonga Energy Road Map Implementation Unit • Undertake a feasibility study for tidal power system in Vava’u island 20 Implementation Support for the Tonga Energy • Mobilize consultants in the areas of technical 120,000 21 Road Map - Implementation Unit (TERM-IU) knowledge, policy, institutional, and operational support to provide just-in-time support to TERM-IU VIETNAM 900,000 97 21 Cumulative Impact Assessment of Small Hydro- • Screen all rivers for potential significant cumulative 450,000 96 power Projects on River Cascades impacts • Prepare detailed Cumulative Impact Assessment for selected rivers • Develop joint operation rules for selected river 22 Strategic Options for Enhanced Financial Perfor- • Offer technical assistance to develop a comprehensive 450,000 98 mance of Vietnam’s Electricity Companies strategy for addressing the current financial performance constraints facing government power companies to pro- mote sustainable power sector REGIONAL ACTIVITIES 1,810,000 31 23 Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation in Road • Extend the existing toolkit (developed by ASTAE) to 300,000 84 Transport: Toolkit Implementation and Life-Cycle include the road service phase for operations and mainte- Analysis nance • Field test the toolkit to determine user friendliness and full-scale operation at all phases, including planning, design, and construction or rehabilitation ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF ASTAE ACTIVITIES, ALLOCATIONS AND LEVEL OF EXECUTION BY COUNTRY, FY12 AND FY13 FY12 AND LEVEL OF FY13 ALLO- EXECUTION ASTAE ACTIVITY TYPE AND DETAILS OF ACTIVITY CATIONS (PERCENT (US$) OF ALLOCA- TION) GRAND TOTAL 8,855,154 59 FY12 TOTAL 4,703,297 65 FY13 TOTAL 4,151,857 52 REGIONAL ACTIVITIES 1,810,000 31 24 Access to Electricity Solutions in South Asia • Examine the constraining factors to access expansion in 250,000 50 Region lagging states in India and countries in South Asia • Support the development of the access pillar of the South Asia energy team strategy and link with the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) program 25 Using Satellite Imagery to Monitor Progress of • Validate technology by reviewing past electrification 340,000 19 Rural Electrification programs • Develop a monitoring methodology for ongoing or future Bank-supported electrification programs. 26 Fundamentals of an Energy Roadmap in Small • Assist discussions among Pacific Island Countries (PICs) 220,000 38 Island Developing States and development partners on how energy security of island nations can be enhanced by a comprehensive energy sector development approach or roadmap. 59 27 Mitigation Options for Short-Lived Climate • Utilize best international best practices to identify cost 400,000 0 Pollutants in South Asia effective and practical measures to mitigate short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) • Raise awareness and facilitate consensus among policy- makers regarding co-benefits of mitigation of SLCPs within the region 28 Solar Market Development for Off-grid Access in • Increase uptake of quality, safe, clean, affordable and 250,000 3 Pakistan and Afghanistan modern off-grid lighting for low income households in include Pakistan and Afghanistan ADMINISTRATION, REPORTING AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING ACTIVITIES 796,964 97 29 Fund Administration and Reporting Activities • ASTAE staff 619,861 89 (7%) • Administrative and business development support • Technical Advisory Group support • Printing and editing services 30 Central Administration (2%) • Central Administration Fee 177,103 123 Appendix 3: Link between ASTAE Activities, Bank Projects, and ASTAE Indicators for Fiscal 2012–15 Table A3.1 links the ASTAE activities and the World Bank projects that contributed to the global ASTAE indicators in the FY2012–15 Business Plan period as discussed in Chapter 1. TABLE A3.1: LINK BETWEEN ASTAE ACTIVITIES, BANK PROJECTS AND ASTAE FY2012–15 INDICATORS, AS OF FY13 Indicators World Bank Investment Renew- Energy Access CO2 Source of ASTAE Activity leverage able-energy efficiency pillar mitigation indicator Project (fiscal (fiscal year when active) (US$ million) pillar pillar year approved) BANGLADESH Household Energy in South Asia Region Rural Electri- 386 61 MW 160 MWh/ New World Bank (FY12-FY13) fication and year electricity: Project Initially aimed at the whole SAR, was Renewable 558,000 Appraisal refocused on Bangladesh in FY13 Energy De- Clean Document • Project preparation support on Cook velopment II cooking -Annex stove component [RERED-II] 1,020,000 1-Result • Support to solar mini-grids options (FY13) Framework CHINA Energy Efficiency Financing Promotion (FY09 Energy 428 0.59 million 28.8 million World Bank and FY11 Efficiency tons of coal tons over Project 60 • Draft an operations manual for IBRD loan Financing equivalent 20 years Appraisal on-lending to Chinese banks for energy-effi- III Project – annually Document ciency projects Additional -Annex • Determine eligibility of subprojects for Financing 1-Result financing, preparation procedures and ap- (FY12) Framework praisal, implementation, and general terms of sub loans • Develop the monitoring and reporting system Shanghai- Jade Green Electricity Scheme (FY03-FY05) • Access to international expertise and experience on green electricity scheme s. • Technical assistance to setup and launch China Renewable Energy Scale-up Program Green Energy 256 0.76 million 0.76 million 0.76 million (CRESP) Phase II and Shanghai Low-Carbon for Low-Carbon tons of coal tons of coal tons of coal City Preparation (FY10-FY11 City in Shang- equivalent equivalent equivalent • Support the preparation of CRESP hai (FY13) annually annually annually Phase II and Shanghai Low-Carbon City, for project design on policy studies, technology improvements, and capacity building; as well as the planned IBRD project on renewable energy and energy efficiency. INDONESIA Geothermal Power Support Program Geothermal 574.7 150 MW and 22 million World Bank (FY08–11) Clean Energy 1,208 GWh/y tons over Project Note: Not • Assist in review, design, and consensus Investment yet counted, 20 years Appraisal Note: MW al- building for policy reforms in the geother- Project (FY12) allocated to ready counted (direct) Document fiscal 12–15 mal sector business plan under fiscal -Annex 2007–11 busi- Note: • Enhance government’s capacity to ness plan, but Already 1-Result integrate Clean Development not GWh counted Framework under fiscal • Assist in identifying and preparing 2007–11 geothermal projects to be financed by World business plan Bank loan ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 TABLE A3.1: LINK BETWEEN ASTAE ACTIVITIES, BANK PROJECTS AND ASTAE FY2012–15 INDICATORS, AS OF FY13 Indicators World Bank Investment Renew- Energy Access CO2 Source of ASTAE Activity leverage able-energy efficiency pillar mitigation indicator Project (fiscal (fiscal year when active) (US$ million) pillar pillar year approved) NEPAL Support to Sustainable Hydropower Devel- Kali Gandaki 30.36 61 MW 160 MWh/ New World Bank opment in Nepal (FY12–13) A Hydropower year electricity: Project • Build local technical capacity in hydro- Plant Rehabili- 558,000 Appraisal power on geotechnical, risk management, tation Project Clean Document and environmental issues and sediment (FY13) cooking -Annex management 1,020,000 1-Result • Provide advisory services to the Bank-fi- Framework nanced Rehabilitation of Kali Gandaki A MONGOLIA Heating in Poor, Peri-Urban Areas of Ulaan- Ulaanbaatar 21.94 175,000 World Bank baatar (FY08–09) Clean Air house- Project 61 • Technical assistance to the government to Project holds with Appraisal analyze the sources of air pollution, provide (FY12 improved Document- information on how to mitigate through heating Annex cleaner stoves, and provide suggestions for solutions 1-Result an intervention strategy Framework • The ASTAE-published report was instrumental in gaining government and stakeholder acceptance of diagnostic and recommendations. PAPUA NEW GUINEA Development of a Third Party Access Code Energy Sector 9.25 No physical indicator, TA and capacity building only World Bank for the Transmission and Distribution Net- Development Project works (FY13 Project (FY13) Appraisal • Assess the key elements necessary for a Document third-party access code and a grid code • Support the Government in developing a code to facilitate a third party’s (potential electricity providers) access to the network and an associated grid code VIETNAM Support for the Energy Efficiency De- Clean Produc- 4.15 0.36 million 8.3 million World Bank mand-Side Management Program (FY10–11) tion and Ener- tons of oil tons over Project • Advisory assistance and capacity building gy Efficiency equivalent 20 years Appraisal to Ministry of Industry Project per year Document • Workshops on business collaboration be- (FY12) – Annex tween Vietnamese and international energy 1-Result services companies Framework • Identify opportunities for expansion of commercial energy-efficiency business NOTE: - = NOT APPLICABLE. Appendix 4: ASTAE Donors, Resource Use, and Funding Events ASTAE Donors ASTAE Resource Use ASTAE currently relies on the Netherlands, the United ASTAE used donor funds totaling US$2,235,342 in Kingdom and Sweden as donor countries for its budget. FY12. Complementary World Bank resources for ASTAE- Previous ASTAE donors include Australia, Canada, Finland, supported projects totaled US$1,260,371 in FY13. Japan, Switzerland, and the United States. ASTAE has used US$39.8 million in donor funds since The Netherlands: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1992, an amount matched by the World Bank with US$34.5 (Development Cooperation) million during the same period. Table A4.1 provides details of resource use by year. ASTAE’s principal funding source is currently the Netherlands, through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs TABLE A4.1: RESOURCE USE, WORLD BANK, (Development Cooperation). The Netherlands is a founding AND DONORS, FY1992–20131 donor as well as a core ASTAE donor and since 1993 has contributed reliably to ASTAE’s capacity to engage DONORS WORLD BANK TOTAL in sustained activities. The funding agreement for the YEAR US$ % US$ % US$ % FY2012–15 Business Plan period was signed in 2011 for FY92 108,000 32 226,400 68 334,400 100 US$12 million. FY93 827,087 66 419,100 34 1,246,187 100 FY94 1,399,635 67 688,100 33 2,087,735 100 The website for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is http:// FY95 1,309,063 56 1,046,000 44 2,355,063 100 www.minbuza.nl/en. 62 FY96 2,057,058 56 1,618,924 44 3,675,982 100 FY97 1,705,817 59 1,197,128 41 2,902,945 100 Sweden: Swedish International Development Agen- FY98 1,617,777 59 1,126,683 41 2,744,460 100 cy FY99 1,782,576 61 1,156,346 39 2,938,922 100 Sweden joined ASTAE donors in 2007 and since then has FY00 2,627,480 63 1,524,004 37 4,151,484 100 been a regular and welcome contributor to ASTAE. The FY01 955,281 46 1,106,035 54 2,061,316 100 funding agreement for the 2012-15 business plan period FY02 2,108,541 66 1,106,035 34 3,214,576 100 was signed in 2011 with the Bangkok office in charge of FY03 2,205,111 64 1,239,633 36 3,444,744 100 Asia for the equivalent of US$6 million. FY04 1,014,358 25 3,013,893 75 4,028,251 100 FY05 2,704,306 44 3,450,703 56 6,155,009 100 The website for the Swedish International Development FY06 1,959,983 38 3,169,070 62 5,129,053 100 Agency is http://www.sida.se/English/. FY07 1,216,589 30 2,827,968 70 4,044,557 100 FY08 1,847,757 45 2,258,369 55 4,106,126 100 United Kingdom: Department of for International FY09 2,177,200 53 1,915,042 47 4,092,242 100 FY10 2,123,893 54 1,820,321 46 3,944,214 100 Development (DFID) FY11 2,603,947 67 1,301,789 33 3,905,736 100 DFID re-joined ASTAE in September 2012 when the FY12 960,043 48 1,034,339 52 1,994,382 100 Administration Arrangement was signed for GBP 4 million FY13 2,235,342 64 1,260,371 36 3,495,713 100 for the ASTAE Business Plan for FY2012-2015. TOTAL 39,782,186 54 34,506,253 46 74,288,439 100 The website of the DFID is: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ department-for-international-development ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 FUNDING EVENTS Details on the principal ASTAE funding events over the past decade are provided in Table A4.2. TABLE A4.2: PRINCIPAL ASTAE FUNDING EVENTS SINCE 2004 YEAR MONTH DONOR EVENT AMOUNT (US$) 2004 March ASTAE Donors Meeting #13 March United Kingdom DFID Tranche #6 363,351 March Canada CIDA Tranche #2 563,562 May Netherlands Commitment ASTAE Phase 3 Funding 2004–06 (€ 3.3 million) October Canada CIDA Tranche #3 591,871 2005 January Netherlands Dutch Partnership Trust Fund Phase 3 Tranche #1 1,454,500 February Canada CIDA Tranche #4 202,544 March ASTAE Donors Meeting #14 May Netherlands Commitment for ASTAE II Funding 2006–08 2006 March ASTAE Donors Meeting #15 May Netherlands BNPP Agreement signed for ASTAE II, 2006–09 July Netherlands BNPP Tranche #1, ASTAE II 2,598,540 2007 March Germany ASTAE Donors Meeting #16 63 Sweden Commitment by Swedish International Development Agency (SKr 15 million; equivalent to US$2,355,00) December Netherlands BNPP Tranche #2 - ASTAE II 1,113,660 2008 February United States ASTAE Donors Meeting #17 February Sweden First Tranche of Sida Commitment 553,435 June Netherlands BNPP Tranche #3 - ASTAE II 1,856,069 2009 April United States ASTAE Donors Meeting #18 February Sweden Second Tranche of Sida Commitment 436,620 June Netherlands BNPP Tranche #4 - ASTAE II 1,856,069 2010 April United States ASTAE Donors Meeting #19 January Sweden Third Tranche of Sida Commitment 389,414 June Sweden Fourth Tranche of Sida Commitment 489,256 December Netherlands ASTAE-II Trust Fund closing 2011 February Sweden ASTAE Sida Trust Fund closing February World Bank ASTAE Multidonor Trust Fund (MDTF) created March United States ASTAE Donors Meeting #20 March Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs commitment to MDTF for $12 million April Netherlands ASTAE-II Trust Fund end of disbursements June Sweden ASTAE Sida Trust Fund end of disbursements July World Bank ASTAE MDTF Effective August Netherlands Netherlands Tranche #1 8,000,000 December Sweden Sida Commitment for SKr 40 million December Sweden Sida Tranche #1 2,905,625 2012 May United States ASTAE Donors Meeting #21 August Netherlands Netherlands Tranche #2 2,000,000 September Sweden SIDA Tranche #2 752,078 November United Kingdom DFID Tranche #1 4,650,358 November Sweden SIDA Tranche #3 1,504,156 Note: BNPP = Bank-Netherlands Partnership Program; CIDA = Canada International Development Agency; DFID = U.K. Department for International Development; MDTF = multidonor trust fund; Sida = Swedish International Development Agency; SKr = Swedish kronor. Appendix 5: ASTAE-Supported World Bank Investment Projects in East Asia and Pacific and South Asia ASTAE’s leveraging of World Bank investments is illustrated by showing the World Bank projects that have benefited from ASTAE support since its inception. These are detailed in Table A5.1 (active projects) and Table A5.2 (closed projects). APPENDIX TABLE A5.1: ASTAE-SUPPORTED WORLD BANK INVESTMENT PROJECTS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION Sustainable Energy Project Cost (US$ million) Country Projects Approval- Primary Project End date Total Source of financing Component (estimated) cost IBRD/ IDA GEF Govt. Private Other Total for Projects under Implementation 4,654 2,143 116 1,183 821 390 Nepal Kali Gandaki A Hydro- 30.4 27.3 3.1 Hydropower rehabil- power Plant Rehabili- 04/13–FY17 itation tation China Green Energy for 256.0 100.0 4.4 151.7 Urban low carbon Low-Carbon City in 02/13–FY19 option, building and Shanghai electricity generation Papua New Energy Sector Develop- 9.2 7.3 0.9 1.1 Sector development Guinea ment Project 01/13–FY17 for increased access to electricity Bangladesh Rural Electrification 386.0 155.0 3.5 90.2 137.3 Access to SHS, im- and Renewable Energy 08/12–FY19 proved cooking stoves Development II TOTAL FY13 681.6 289.6 5.3 159.3 90.2 137.3 64 FY12 47 Indonesia Geothermal Clean Ener- 07/11–FY16 574.7 175.0 274.7 125.0 Investment in geother- gy Investment Project mal power generation capacity 46 Pakistan Natural Gas Efficiency 04/12–FY18 272.0 200.0 72.0 Reduce physical and Project commercial gas losses 45 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Clean Air 04/12–FY17 21.9 15.0 6.9 Access to energy-effi- Project cient heating stoves 44 Vietnam Clean Production and 07/11–FY16 4.1 2.3 1.8 Energy efficiency Energy Efficiency Project and energy services companies 43 China Energy Efficiency Financ- 09/11–FY17 428.0 100.0 200.0 128.0 Energy efficiency in ing III Project medium and large industrial enterprises FY10 42 Lao PDR Rural Electrification II 01/10–FY14 37.6 24.4 1.8 4.0 3.4 4.0 Increase rural households’ access to electricity 41 India Financing Energy Effi- 05/10–FY14 57.6 0.3 46.0 Increased energy ciency in SMEs 11.3 efficiency in small and medium enterprises 40 China Energy Efficiency Financ- 06/10–FY15 101.6 100.8 0.8 Catalyze commercial ing II investments in indus- trial energy efficiency 39 Vietnam System Efficiency Im- 06/10–FY13 3.5 3.5 Renewable energy provement, Equitization and demand-side and Renewables, addi- management tional financing FY09 38 Solomon Solomon Islands Sustain- 07/08–FY13 4.5 4.0 0.5 Electricity loss reduc- Islands able Energy tion and increased access 37 Philippines Additional Financing for 04/09–FY13 48.4 40.0 0.5 7.9 Renewable energy for Rural Power rural applications ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 APPENDIX TABLE A5.1: ASTAE-SUPPORTED WORLD BANK INVESTMENT PROJECTS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION Sustainable Energy Project Cost (US$ million) Country Projects Approval- Primary Project End date Total Source of financing Component (estimated) cost IBRD/ IDA GEF Govt. Private Other Total for Projects under Implementation 4,654 2,143 116 1,183 821 390 FY09 36 Vietnam Renewable Energy 05/09–FY15 318.0 202.0 64.0 49.7 2.3 Increased renew- Development able-energy share in electricity mix, technical assistance, and lending 35 China Thermal Power Effi- 05/09–FY16 109.0 19.7 15.5 73.8 Efficient dispatch and ciency increased thermal plant efficiency 34 Vietnam Rural Energy II - Addi- 05/09–FY16 250.6 200.0 38.8 11.8 Improved and new tional Financing electricity access 33 Indonesia Geothermal Power Gen- 05/08–FY13 9.0 4.0 5.0 Geothermal power eration Development scaling up, and capaci- ty building 65 32 China Energy Efficiency 05/08–FY13 593.6 200.0 13.5 6.3 373.8 Energy efficiency for Financing industry 31 China Liaoning Third Medium 05/08–FY13 375.9 191.0 184.9 Improved efficiency Cities Infrastructure of heating and gas services 30 Vietnam Rural Distribution 05/08–FY13 204.2 150.0 54.2 3.0 Electricity network ef- ficiency improvement FY07 29 Pacific Sustainable Energy 05/07–FY16 58.5 9.5 20.2 22.1 6.7 Renewable energy Islands Financing scaling up 28 Vietnam Rural Energy II 11/04–FY14 329.5 220.0 5.3 70.0 35.0 Renewable energy for remote communities 27 China Heat Reform and Build- 03/05–FY14 52.6 18.0 0.9 33.7 Energy efficiency ing Efficiency FY04 26 Philippines Rural Power 12/03–FY13 26.7 10.0 9.0 0.2 7.5 Renewable energy for rural applications 25 Philippines Power System Loss 06/04–FY14 62.3 12.0 0.3 50.0 Rural electrification Reduction and efficiency FY02 24 Vietnam System Efficiency Im- 06/02–FY13 24.5 17.2 4.5 2.8 Renewable energy provement, Equitization and demand-side and Renewables management Note: GEF = Global Environment Facility; IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; IDA = International Development Association; PDR = People’s Democratic Republic; SME = small and medium enterprises. APPENDIX TABLE 5-2: PAST ASTAE-SUPPORTED WORLD BANK INVESTMENT PROJECTS Sustainable Energy Project Cost (US$million) Country Projects Approval- Primary Project Total Source of financing End date Component cost (estimated) IBRD/ GEF Govt. Private Other IDA TOTAL FOR CLOSED PROJECTS 1,292 305 142 232 463 145 Mongolia Renewable Energy and Rural 01/07–06/12 23.0 3.5 3.5 10.0 6.0 Renewable energy and Electricity rural electricity access Timor-Leste Gas Seep Harvesting 03/07–12/11 1.5 0.9 0.6 Gas seep for power gen- eration Timor-Leste Energy Service Delivery 06/07–06/12 8.5 4.5 2.0 2.0 Loss reduction, renew- able-energy development, and community-based access China Renewable Energy Scale-Up Program 01/06–12/11 132.4 86.3 30.1 16.0 Wind farm and small hydro P1 Lao PDR Lao PDR Rural Electrification (SPRE II) 04/06–03/12 36.3 10.0 3.7 8.2 14.3 Renewable energy for rural application 66 Cambodia Rural Electrification and Transmission 12/03–01/12 32.0 16.0 5.8 10.2 Renewable energy for rural applications Papua New Teachers Solar Lighting Project 06/05–08/10 2.9 1.0 0.1 1.7 0.1 Renewable energy (pho- Guinea tovoltaic) for teachers in rural areas China Renewable Energy Scale-Up Program 06/05–09/10 336.0 87.0 40.2 42.0 67.0 Renewable energy and energy efficiency Vietnam Demand-Side Management 06/03–06/10 18.6 5.5 1.2 6.7 5.2 Demand-side management support China Energy Conservation II 10/02–06/10 242.5 26.0 216.5 Energy services company market development China Hebei Urban Environment 06/00–06/08 5.0 4.0 1.0 Energy efficiency in water utilities Vietnam Rural Energy I 05/00–12/06 2.5 1.0 1.5 Renewable energy, tech- nical assistance, and pilot mini hydro China Renewable Energy Development 01/98–06/07 205.4 13.0 27.0 165.4 Wind farms, photovoltaic, photovoltaic technology improvement Vietnam Transmission, Distribution, and Disas- 01/98–06/07 3.3 0.5 2.8 Demand-side management, ter Reconstruction capacity building, equip- ment standards China Energy Conservation 03/98–06/06 150.8 63.0 22.0 7.0 54.3 4.5 Energy efficiency, technical assistance China Passive Solar Heating for Rural 06/01–06/04 1.5 0.8 0.8 Energy-efficient building Health Clinics design Lao PDR Southern Provinces Rural Electrifi- 03/88–06/04 2.2 1.0 0.7 0.5 Solar battery charging and cation micro hydro projects Thailand Metropolitan Distribution Reinforce- 06/97–06/04 4.0 2.5 1.5 Demand-side management, ment capacity building Indonesia Solar Home Systems 01/97–06/04 3.4 0.1 2.3 1.0 Solar home systems and technical assistance Vietnam Power Development 02/96–06/00 1.6 0.5 1.1 Renewable-energy capacity building ASTAE ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #21 APPENDIX TABLE 5-2: PAST ASTAE-SUPPORTED WORLD BANK INVESTMENT PROJECTS Sustainable Energy Project Cost (US$million) Country Projects Approval- Primary Project Total Source of financing End date Component cost (estimated) IBRD/ GEF Govt. Private Other IDA TOTAL FOR CLOSED PROJECTS 1,292 305 142 232 463 145 Indonesia Second Rural Electrification 02/95–09/00 19.3 13.3 6.0 Mini hydro, geothermal resource assessment Thailand Distribution System and Energy 04/93–06/00 59.3 8.0 20.3 31.0 Demand-side management, Efficiency capacity building Lao PDR Provincial Grid Integration 10/92–01/00 0.9 0.9 Demand-side management, institution building Vietnam Power Development 02/96–06/00 1.6 0.5 1.1 Renewable-energy capacity building Note: GEF = Global Environment Facility; IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; IDA = International Development Association; PDR = People’s Democratic Republic. 67 The World Bank Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE) Annual Status Report #21 July 1, 2012 - June 30, 2013; FY2013 © 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW Washington, D.C. 20433 All rights reserved First printing: June 2014 This document is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations, and con- clusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank Group or the governments they represent. Photos used are from Flickr Creative Commons, istockphoto, Shutterstock, Ashden, ASTAE, and The World Bank Design: Marti Betz Design www. martibetzdesign.com