Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS) Round 2 Summary Tables July 2020 Background Nigeria was among the first countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to identify cases of COVID-19. The Government has since implemented strict measures to contain the spread of the virus. Additionally, global oil prices plummeted by a dramatic 60% following the spread of the pandemic and since the oil sector accounts for the bulk of government revenue, this is expected to substantially weaken the Nigerian economy. The federal government will have fewer resources available to simultaneously combat the public health crisis of COVID-19 and a weakening economy. In order to track the impacts of the pandemic, the National Bureau of Statistics implemented the Nigeria COVID- 19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS) on a nationally representative sample of 1,950 households. COVID-19 NLPS households were drawn from the sample of households interviewed in 2018/2019 for Wave 4 of the General Household Survey—Panel (GHS-Panel). The extensive information collected in the GHS-Panel just over a year prior to the pandemic provides a rich set of background information on COVID-19 NLPS households which can be leveraged to assess the differential impacts of the pandemic in the country. The tables contained presented below are from the second round of the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS) 2020. The second round was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in June 2020. These same households will be contacted in subsequent waves of the COVID-19 NLPS. The data are representative at the national level and survey weights were calculated to adjust for non-response and undercoverage. The data are available through the NBS web site: https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/nada/index.php/catalog/63 or through the World Bank’s Microdata Library: https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3712 TABLE OF CONTENTS Number Table Page T0.1 Sample Composition (# of Households) 3 T0.2 Contact Rate 4 F0.1 Number of Attempts 5 T0.3 Result of Interview 6 T0.4 Sample Composition 7 F0.2 Duration of interview (minutes) 8 T1.1 Respondent Characteristics - Age and Sex (% of respondents) 9 T1.2 Respondent Relationship to Head 10 T1.3 Respondent education (% of respondents) 11 T1.4 Characteristics of Household (% of Households) 12 T1.5 Older Adults and Dependency 13 T2.1 Prevalence of safe practices 14 T2.2 Access to water and soap, past 7 days (Round 2 - June) 15 T2.3 Reasons water/soap was not sufficient (Round 2 - June) 16 T2.4 Food Insecurity Experience (% of HHs) 17 T2.5 Medical treatment since mid-March 2020 18 Reasons unable to access medical treatment (% of HHs where one of the members T2.6 19 needed medical treatment) T2.7 Coronavirus restrictions - effects on education 20 Engagement in learning/education activities (% of HHs with children who attended T2.7a 21 schools before pre-closures in both rounds) T2.8 Types of learning activities, past 7 days 22 F3.1 Working Status Over Time (% of respondents) 23 T3.1 WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) 24 T3.1a WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) by sectors 25 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 1 Number Table Page Respondents working in Round 2 that were working at baseline and/or before T3.1b 26 outbreak T3.2 WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) 27 T3.3 Work stoppages, by industry of main job 28 T3.4 Work stoppages, main reason 29 T3.4a Job Search, Respondents 30 T3.5 Type of work of those respondents working 31 T3.6 Main industry of those respondents working (% of respondents working) 32 F3.2 Work Status and Sector in June (% of respondents not working in April/May) 33 T3.6a Changes in working condition in wage work 34 T3.7 Ability to work as usual, wage workers 35 T3.7a Hours worked, wage workers 36 T3.7b Job security and benefits, wage workers 37 T3.8 Family businesses, status & fluctuation 38 T3.8a Family businesses, main reason for closure in Round 2 (June) 39 T3.9 % of HHs with a family business 40 T3.9a Family business - Revenues 41 T3.9b Family business that operated during baseline- Revenues by sector 42 T3.9c Change in NFE revenue (% of HH with business) 43 T3.10 NFE: coronavirus-related challenges 44 Figure 3.3. Challenges Associated with Operating Non-Farm Household Businesses F3.3 45 (% households owning Non-Farm Household Business) T3.11 Family farms & agriculture - status 46 T3.12 Changes in crop planting activities due to coronavirus 47 T3.12a Reasons to not be able to access enough seeds 48 T4.1 SAFETY NETS since coronavirus pandemic 49 T4.2 Accessing Food Assistance 50 T4.2.a Type of difficulties experienced to access food assistance 51 T4.3 Other Income sources in the last 12 months 52 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 2 Section 0 - Metadata Table 0.1: Sample Composition (# of Households) Sector Zones Total North North North South South South Urban Rural Central East West East South West Sample size, GHS 2019 4,976 1,592 3,384 845 825 843 824 815 824 Round 1 (Apr/May), HHs called (sample size) 3,000 967 2,033 530 507 487 497 477 502 HHs fully interviewed 1,950 755 1,195 319 328 300 352 279 372 Round 2 (June), HHs called (sample size) 1,950 755 1,195 319 328 300 352 279 372 HHs fully interviewed (both rounds) 1,820 717 1,103 296 314 294 329 245 342 HHs fully interviewed (R2 only) 1,820 717 1,103 296 314 294 329 245 342 HHs reached but not fully interviewed 10 2 8 3 3 - 1 - 3 HHs refused 22 12 10 - - 1 3 11 7 HHs unable to reach 98 24 74 20 11 5 19 23 20 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 3 Section 0 - Metadata Table 0.2: Contact Rate Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) Average # Average # % of Total HHs % of Total HHs calls per HH calls per HH Calls made - all HHs 4.98 100.00 4.37 100.00 Calls made, HHs interviewed 3.69 67.17 3.94 93.85 Calls made, HHs refused 3.79 1.40 6.27 1.13 Calls made, no contact 8.43 24.33 11.93 4.51 Calls made, other non-response 5.61 7.10 13.30 0.51 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 4 Section 0 - Metadata Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 5 Section 0 - Metadata Table 0.3. Result of Interview SECTOR OVERALL Urban Rural # of % of overall # of % of urban # of % of rural households sample households sample households sample Contacted, Round 1 (Apr/May) 2070 69.0 796 82.3 1274 62.7 Not contacted, Round 1 (Apr/May) 930 31.0 171 17.7 759 37.3 Contacted, Round 2 1852 95.0 731 96.8 1121 93.8 Complete 1820 93.3 717 95.0 1103 92.3 Partially Complete 10 0.5 2 0.3 8 0.7 Refused 22 1.1 12 1.6 10 0.8 Not contacted, Round 2 98 5.0 24 3.2 74 6.2 Nobody answering 38 1.9 12 1.6 26 2.2 Number does not exist 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Phone turned off 49 2.5 12 1.6 37 3.1 Wrong number (don't know the household) 2 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.2 Reference person can't connect to household 8 0.4 0 0.0 8 0.7 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 6 Section 0 - Metadata Table 0.4: Sample Composition* GHS Wave 4 Post-Harvest NLPS-C, Round 1 (Apr/May) NLPS-C, Round 2 (June) Initial sample Interviewed Sample Interviewed Sample Characteristic Unweighted Weighted (unweighted) Unweighted Weighted Unweighted Weighted Sample size (successful interviews) 4976 - 3000 1950 - 1820 - Average household size 5.33 5.53 5.33 5.52 5.53 5.53 5.53 Household head characteristics Female head (%) 20.1 18.6 20.2 19.1 18.6 18.6 18.6 Age 49.8 48.8 49.4 49.4 49.2 49.3 49.1 Literate (%) 72.8 74.4 72.9 79.4 74.4 79.9 74.4 Asset ownership Regular mobile phone 66.1 65.4 66.5 71.1 66.0 71.4 66.3 Smart phone 26.5 26.7 26.7 32.9 26.8 33.1 26.4 Television 45.5 45.1 46.4 55.3 48.1 56.0 48.2 Refrigerator 18.0 17.3 18.4 23.4 18.7 23.6 18.4 Car 9.8 9.6 9.9 12.5 9.4 12.4 9.0 Generator 26.3 24.6 26.3 32.4 24.4 32.4 24.3 Consumption quintile Q1 12.2 11.7 11.6 9.7 11.7 9.2 11.7 Q2 13.7 14.3 14.1 12.4 14.3 12.4 14.3 Q3 18.5 17.8 18.4 17.3 17.8 17.6 17.8 Q4 22.3 23.0 22.7 23.5 23.0 23.5 23.0 Q5 33.3 33.1 33.2 37.1 33.1 37.3 33.1 * Based on information from the GHS only. Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 7 Section 0 - Metadata Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 8 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.1. Respondent Characteristics - Age and Sex (% of respondents) Round 2 (June) % of HHs that Male Female All changed respondents respondents respondents All (% of respondents) 100 73.5 26.5 2.0 15-24 years 5.1 4.4 7.1 25-39 years 31.1 31.4 30.3 40-49 years 24.2 25.6 20.1 50-64 years 27.1 26.7 28.2 65 years and above 12.5 11.9 14.3 Median age of respondents 45 44 46 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 9 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.2: Respondent Relationship to Head Round 2 (June) Relationship to HH Head: Total Male Female Head 81.8 91.9 53.7 Spouse 8.9 0.1 33.2 Child (own/step/adopted) 7.5 6.9 9.1 Other relative 1.8 1.1 3.7 Not related 0.1 0.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 10 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.3. Respondent education (% of respondents) Round 2 (June)* Total Male Female Literate (in any language) 80.7 85.4 67.8 Level No school 13.8 10.4 23.3 Primary - partial 4.3 3.8 5.5 Primary - completed 18.0 18.0 18.0 Secondary - partial 7.8 7.4 8.9 Secondary - completed 26.8 28.0 23.5 Tertiary - partial & completed 23.3 24.9 18.8 Religious 6.1 7.5 2.1 *Excludes 44 respondents that are new hh members Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 11 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.4: Characteristics of Household (% of Households) Round 1 Round 2 (June) (Apr/May) GHS Consumption Quintile Overall Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Household size (average # individuals) 5.5 5.5 9.2 7.6 6.0 5.1 3.4 Household head, female (%) 18.4 18.4 7.6 9.3 21.5 20.3 23.0 Education level of HH Head: No school 21.9 22.2 39.5 24.2 22.6 19.0 17.2 Primary - partial 5.4 5.4 5.5 4.2 8.5 6.7 3.3 Primary - completed 18.9 18.5 12.0 16.2 18.6 23.4 18.4 Secondary - partial 5.4 5.4 4.8 7.4 6.4 5.5 4.1 Secondary - completed 22.7 22.8 12.7 13.8 18.0 30.4 27.5 Tertiary - partial & completed 16.0 16.0 7.1 10.3 10.6 10.5 28.4 Religious 9.7 9.7 18.4 24.0 15.3 4.5 1.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 12 Section 1 - Basic information Table 1.5: Older Adults and Dependency Round 1 Round 2 (June) (Apr/May) GHS Consumption Quintile Overall Overall Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Individuals 50 - 64 years old (%) 7.6 7.5 5.0 6.7 6.4 8.4 10.6 65 years old and older (%) 4.4 4.4 1.9 2.1 4.5 5.4 7.4 Household HHs with at least 1 person 50 - 64 (%) 39.6 40.0 46.3 46.2 36.7 39.4 37.4 HHs with at least 1 person 65+ (%) 23.7 23.7 18.1 15.8 27.5 26.1 25.3 HHs with at least 1 person 50+ (%) 53.4 53.9 58.4 54.1 55.5 52.5 52.4 Average share of members 50 - 64 9.0 9.4 5.0 7.3 6.6 9.8 13.1 Average share of members 65+ 7.4 7.3 2.7 2.8 6.1 8.6 10.6 HHs with at least 1 person below 15 75.9 77.5 96.5 94.4 91.0 77.6 56.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 13 Section 2 - Access Table 2.1. Prevalence of safe practices % of respondents Round 2: Prevalance of safe practices, last 7 days when in public… Wash hands with soap & Wear a mask water All the time 61.2 61.4 Most of the time 15.5 10.9 About half the time 6.0 5.3 Some of the time 11.3 8.9 None of the time 1.9 8.2 Not Applicable (have not been in public) 4.1 5.2 Prevalence of safe practices, last 7 days (% of respondents) Wear a mask 61.4 10.9 5.3 8.9 8.2 5.2 Wash hands with soap & water 61.2 15.5 6.0 11.3 4.1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% All the time Most of the time About half the time Some of the time None of the time Not Applicable (have not been in public) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 14 Section 2 - Access Table 2.2. Access to water and soap, past 7 days (Round 2 - June) GHS Consumption Quintile (% of HHs) % of HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Insufficient drinking water 19.5 24.2 29.2 22.8 16.6 14.0 Insufficient water to wash your hands 6.7 12.5 12.5 5.3 6.0 3.3 Insufficient soap to wash your hands 24.9 37.0 35.4 32.3 22.6 13.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 15 Section 2 - Access Table 2.3. Reasons water/soap was not sufficient (Round 2 - June) Drinking Water to wash Soap to wash water hands hands Water supply no longer available 27.3 23.0 0.0 Water supply reduced 13.7 7.8 0.0 Unable to access communal sources 15.5 14.2 0.0 Shops have run out of stock 4.8 2.4 0.8 Local markets not operating/ closed 0.0 0.0 4.5 Limited / no transportation 1.5 4.0 0.8 Restriction to go outside 1.5 5.7 6.6 Increase in price 4.9 2.1 4.8 Cannot afford it 17.2 28.4 78.8 Afraid to get out and getting the virus 0.0 1.3 0.1 No electricty (recoded) 5.9 6.1 0.0 Source too far (recoded) 2.4 1.7 0.0 Other 5.3 3.2 3.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 16 Section 2 - Access Table 2.4. Food Insecurity Experience (% of HHs) NLPS GHS - Wave 4 Round 2 Post-Planting Post-Harvest Due to lack of money or other resources: (June) (July/Aug 2018) (Jan/Feb 2019) FImod+sev: The proportion of the population experiencing 76.8 53.5 37.0 moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2) FIsev: The proportion of the population experiencing severe 30.3 11.8 5.9 food insecurity Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 17 Section 2 - Access Table 2.5. Medical treatment since mid-March 2020 % of HHs that % of HH needed Round 1 - Apr/May Someone in HH needed medical treatment 34.3 100.0 Able to access medical treatment 25.5 74.4 Not able to access medical treatment 8.8 25.6 Round 2 - June Someone in HH needed medical treatment 35.1 100.0 Able to access medical treatment 30.1 85.6 Not able to access medical treatment 5.0 14.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 18 Section 2 - Access Table 2.6. Reasons unable to access medical treatment (% of HHs where one of the members needed medical treatment) Round 1 Round 2 Frequency of reasons given (Apr/May) (June) Lack of money 55.4 70.0 No medical personnel available 3.6 9.4 Turned away because facility was full 1.3 0.0 Due to movement restrictions 23.8 5.6 Other 15.9 14.9 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 19 Section 2 - Access Table 2.7. Coronavirus restrictions - effects on education* Round 1 Round 2 (June) (Apr/May) Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Percent HHs, by sector % of all HHs % of all HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Urban Rural HHs with children ages 5 - 20 80.2 74.8 89.3 94.9 87.4 77.7 52.2 65.5 79.0 HHs with children attending school, pre-closures 92.8 92.6 92.1 97.8 94.3 92.8 87.5 87.7 94.5 Any students, in the past 7 days: Engaged in any learning/education activities 61.8 61.1 52.7 53.7 66.2 63.1 65.5 72.5 56.8 Have contact with teachers 19.1 35.3 39.4 35.4 37.6 31.1 35.0 33.4 36.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 20 Section 2 - Access Table 2.7a. Engagement in learning/education activities (% of HHs with children who attended schools before pre-closures in both rounds) Round 2 (June) Engaged in any Not engaged learning/education activities Engaged in any Round 1 45.0 16.6 learning/education activities (Apr/May) Not engaged 16.2 22.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 21 Section 2 - Access Table 2.8. Types of learning activities, past 7 days Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) As % of HHs that As % of HHs that As % of all HHs As % of all HHs engaged in learning engaged in with children 5-20 with children 5-20 activities learning activities Completed assignments provided by the teacher 9.8 17.1 20.6 33.6 Used mobile learning apps 3.6 6.2 10.9 17.9 Watched educational TV programs 8.9 15.5 18.8 30.7 Listened to educational radio progams 11.7 20.5 27.6 45.2 Studied/read on their own 38.6 67.4 48.9 80.1 Taught by parent or other HH member 32.1 56.1 46.1 75.3 Session/meeting with Lesson Teacher (tutor) 9.1 15.9 20.1 32.9 Other activities 1.8 3.1 1.4 2.2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 22 Section 3 - Employment Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 23 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.1. WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) % of Percent of respondents, by (GHS) consumption quintiles respondents Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Status of work Working: also working at baseline 36.8 29.7 39.7 35.4 39.7 36.8 Working: not working at baseline but working before the outbreak 27.4 34.6 24.2 29.8 25.7 26.1 Working: not working at baseline nor before outbreak 7.1 6.0 9.2 10.5 6.6 5.2 Stopped since baseline 6.3 6.9 8.1 3.4 5.3 7.6 Stopped since outbreak 15.5 19.5 14.4 17.9 10.8 16.5 Still not working (since pre-outbreak) 6.9 3.3 4.5 2.9 11.9 7.7 Work status at time of interview 100% 90% 29.7 35.4 80% 36.8 39.7 39.7 36.8 70% 60% 50% 34.6 26.1 27.4 24.2 29.8 25.7 40% 7.1 6.0 5.2 30% 9.2 10.5 6.6 6.3 6.9 5.3 7.6 20% 8.1 3.4 15.5 10.8 16.5 10% 19.5 14.4 17.9 6.9 11.9 7.7 0% 3.3 4.5 2.9 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Still not working (since pre-outbreak) Stopped since outbreak Stopped since baseline Working: not working at baseline nor before outbreak Working: not working at baseline but working before the outbreak Working: also working at baseline Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 24 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.1a. WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) Percent of respondents, by sectors Construction, % of Agriculture transport and Commerce Services respondents professional activities Status of work Working: also working at baseline 36.80 49.1 38.0 29.4 39.0 Working: not working at baseline but working before the outbreak 27.41 23.1 33.8 33.6 33.2 Working: not working at baseline nor before outbreak 7.11 10.2 2.6 10.5 3.2 Stopped since baseline 6.32 6.9 5.7 6.1 8.0 Stopped since outbreak 15.49 10.8 19.9 20.5 16.6 Still not working (since pre-outbreak) 6.87 Work status at time of interview 100% 90% 29.4 80% 38.0 39.0 49.1 70% 60% 33.6 50% 33.8 33.2 40% 23.1 30% 10.5 2.6 3.2 10.2 5.7 6.1 8.0 20% 6.9 10% 19.9 20.5 16.6 10.8 0% Agriculture Construction, transport and professional Commerce Services activities Stopped since outbreak Stopped since baseline Working: not working at baseline nor before outbreak Working: not working at baseline but working before the outbreak Working: also working at baseline Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 25 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.1b. Respondents working in Round 2 that were working at baseline and/or before outbreak % of respondents working in Round 2 that were working Changes in job Same job as before 93.3 Changed jobs 6.7 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 26 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.2. WORK LAST WEEK (any work for pay or any income generating activities) Percent of respondents, by sectors Construction, transport Mining & Public Agriculture and professional Commerce Services Utilities Administation activities Status of work Working: also working at baseline 19.8 0.6 4.8 6.8 0.6 6.9 Working: not working at baseline but working before the outbreak 9.3 0.6 4.3 7.8 1.6 5.9 Working: not working at baseline nor before outbreak 4.1 0.1 0.3 2.4 0.0 0.6 Stopped since baseline 2.8 0.1 0.7 1.4 0.4 1.4 Stopped since outbreak 4.3 0.4 2.5 4.7 1.7 2.9 Impact of COVID-19 on working status by sector (% of respondents) 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 19.8 25.0 20.0 6.8 15.0 9.3 6.9 7.8 10.0 4.8 4.1 2.4 5.9 5.0 2.8 4.3 1.4 0.7 1.6 1.4 4.3 4.7 2.5 1.7 2.9 0.0 Agriculture Mining & Utilities Construction, transport Commerce Public Administation Services and professional activities Stopped since outbreak Stopped since baseline Working: not working at baseline nor before outbreak Working: not working at baseline but working before the outbreak Working: also working at baseline Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 27 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.3. Work stoppages, by industry of main job Percentage of respondents that Percentage of respondents that STOPPED STOPPED working during the outbreak working but came back to working Between Mid-March Between April/May Round 2 - June and April/May and June All 42.2 6.3 27.4 Agriculture 24.8 39.5 31.7 Mining & Utilities 2.1 1.8 1.9 16.9 Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 10.6 14.5 Commerce 29.4 22.1 26.4 Public Administration 7.3 5.3 5.5 Services 19.5 20.9 20.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 28 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.4. Work stoppages, main reason Percentage of respondents that stopped Percentage of respondents that Level working stopped working Round 1 (May/Apr) Round 2 (June) Round 1 Round 2 Business/office closed - coronavirus legal restrictions 85.81 40.88 Relation to coronavirus outbreak & Ill/quarantined 0.51 15.34 Need to care for ill relative 0.00 3.71 related counter measures Potentially Not able to go to farm - movement restrictions 2.25 0.00 89.55 64.41 related Laid off while business continues 0.39 0.00 Furlough (temporarily laid off) 0.21 0.79 Not able to farm due to lack of inputs 0.39 3.68 Business/office closed for another reason 2.20 5.33 Not farming season 3.61 2.62 Seasonal worker/or farming season 1.07 1.68 Potentially 10.45 35.59 Retired 0.28 0.00 unrelated Vacation 0.10 6.95 Other 3.19 19.02 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 29 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.4a. Job Search, Respondents % of respondents not working Not working (last week) (% of respondents) 28.7 1. Temporarily absent 73.4 1.1. Expect to return within 3 months 39.3 1.2. They don't know when they will come back 34.2 2. Searched for work (last 4 weeks**) 4.8 3. Not searched for work 21.8 ** last 4 weeks is during outbreak Note: Pie chart % of respondents not working Table 4.4a Job Search, Respondents % of respondents not working Not working (last week) (% of respondents) 28.7 1. Temporarily absent 73.4 2. Searched for work (last 4 weeks**) 4.8 3. Not searched for work 21.8 1. Temporarily absent 2. Searched for work (last 4 weeks**) 3. Not searched for work Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 30 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.5. Type of work of those respondents working Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) % of respondents in % of all respondents % of all respondents type of work that working working are classified as new workers in Round 2 Family Business 40.0 42.0 49.3 Family farming (or livestock or fishing) 42.0 46.2 46.1 Employee in private company 11.7 7.1 52.8 Employee in government 4.8 3.8 61.1 Paid apprentice/trainee/intern 1.4 0.9 36.8 Percentage of respondents working 42.6 71.3 48.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 31 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.6. Main industry of those respondents working (% of respondents working) Round 1 (Apr/May) Round 2 (June) Agriculture 48.0 43.4 Mining 0.6 0.7 Utilities 1.1 1.0 Construction 5.9 4.9 Buying & Selling 18.3 22.2 Transport 6.6 5.3 Professional Activities 1.4 2.2 Public Administration 2.3 3.0 Personal Services 15.8 17.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 32 Section 3 - Employment Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 33 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.6b. Changes in working condition in wage work % of Percent of respondents, by (GHS) consumption quintiles respondents Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Respondent working less* (% of respondents with wage-work) 14.89 7.89 33.38 17.89 20.99 9.10 Other adults working less* (% of HHs) 17.63 7.06 11.00 10.80 14.49 25.17 Average number of HH members working less, HH w respondent wage worker* 0.36 0.15 0.51 0.29 0.43 0.37 Average number of HH members working less, all HHs* 0.17 0.22 0.11 0.18 0.17 0.19 * NOT ABLE to work as usual in their WAGE JOB (at place of work or from home) last week. NOTE: Baseline status based on baseline questions regarding work in last 7 days. "before outbreak" based on baseline question "were you working prior to mid-March?" Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 34 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.7. Ability to work as usual, wage workers Percentage, wage working Round 1 Able to work as usual last week* Round 2 (June) (Apr/May) No 44.70 44.06 Yes 55.30 55.94 * either at place of employment or remotely from home Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 35 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.7a. Hours worked - Wage workers # of hours worked last week (Average) All 32.23 Agriculture 25.47 Mining & Utilities 39.52 Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 29.18 Commerce 24.74 Public Administration 34.10 Services 38.13 Change in hours worked last week Worked: % of wage workers Worked more hours 10.80 Same amount 44.12 Less hours 45.08 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 36 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.7b. Wage workers - Job security and benefits % of wage work respondents with written contracts & employee benefits Written contract 64.2 All 4 listed benefits 6.7 At least 1 benefit 49.7 Specific Benefits Paid sick leave 23.6 Paid annual leave 22.3 Health Insurance* 32.2 Pension fund* 24.1 * refers to employer contribution to these benefits Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 37 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.8 Family businesses, status & fluctuation All HHs with a non-farm business in June 2020 48.7 Started non-farm business since baseline 16.0 Already had a non-farm business in 2020 53.6 … still open 60.9 … temporarily closed 30.0 … permanently closed 9.1 * only includes HH interviewed in NLPS Round 2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 38 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.8a Family businesses, main reason for closure in Round 2 (June) Percentage of HHs with NFEs closed* Level temporarily closed permanently closed Usual place of business closed due to Relation to coronavirus outbreak & 69.0 41.9 coronavirus legal restrictions related counter measures No customers/ fewer customers 0.0 0.0 Potentially 79.92 47.31 Can't get inputs 0.0 1.2 related Can't travel/ transport goods for trade 6.2 0.2 Ill/ quarantined due to coronavirus 4.7 3.9 Usual place of business closed, other reasons 1.2 1.8 Ill, other reason/disease 8.2 29.0 Need to take care of a family member 1.3 1.3 Potentially 20.08 52.69 Seasonal closure 2.2 8.2 unrelated Vacation 0.0 0.0 Other 7.2 12.3 * includes all HHs that reported having a NFE during 2020 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 39 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.9. Family business by sector Sector of NFE Round 1 Round 2 (Apr/May) (June) Agriculture 1.4 1.4 Mining 1.0 1.1 Utilities 1.5 0.4 Construction 3.4 4.1 Buying & Selling 63.7 61.7 Transport 7.0 7.0 Professional Activities 2.2 2.9 Public Administration 0.0 0.0 Personal Services 19.8 21.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 40 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.9a. Family business - Revenues Round 2 (June): sales revenue (early June), compared to April 2020 Round 1 (Apr/May): All None Less Same Higher Sales revenue, None 24.4 53.0 47.0 compared to mid- Less 56.4 37.6 35.8 9.8 16.8 March* Same 8.2 37.9 17.4 20.9 23.8 Higher 11.0 53.1 16.6 3.2 27.1 *outbreak and related countermeasures began in mid-March Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 41 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.9b. Family business that operated during baseline- Revenues by sector Current sales revenue (early June), compared to April 2020 None Less Same Higher Agriculture 0.0 16.5 14.5 68.9 Mining & Utilities 16.0 36.2 25.3 22.5 Construction, Transport & Professional Act. 0.4 56.6 4.9 38.1 Commerce 8.9 48.1 14.6 28.4 Public Administration Services 8.0 47.7 21.5 22.8 % of HHs with a family business (Round 2) 7.9 47.8 15.5 28.8 % of all HHs (Round 2) 2.1 12.6 4.1 7.6 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 42 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.9c Change in NFE revenue (% of HH with business) None Less Same Higher Round 1 (Apr/May): sales revenue, compared to mid-March* 23.4 57.8 8.3 10.5 (% of HHs in Round 1 with a family business) Round 2 (June): sales revenue (early June), compared to April 2020 7.9 47.8 15.5 28.8 (% of HHs in Round 1 and 2 with a family business) Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 43 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.10a NFE: coronavirus-related challenges Percent of respondents with NFE, Round 2 (June) Challenges NFE has faced due to coronavirus All Urban Rural Difficulty buying and receiving supplies and inputs to run my business 76.9 71.5 79.7 Difficulty raising money for the business 87.3 88.4 86.7 Difficulty repaying loans or other debt obligations 61.5 56.3 64.1 Difficulty paying rent for business location 47.2 49.3 46.1 Difficulty paying workers 29.9 24.7 32.5 Difficulty selling goods or services to customers 69.2 70.0 68.7 Have changed or plan to change how business is conducted 37.6 41.0 35.8 Percent of respondents that reported doing/plan to change Types of changes doing/planned (multiselect possible) how business is conducted All Urban Rural Require customers to wear masks 94.3 91.0 96.2 Maintain distance between customers 95.3 93.2 96.5 Reduce number of customers at a time 80.5 75.2 83.7 Market products/services by phone/social media 57.5 54.0 59.5 Switched to delivery only 55.1 49.6 58.3 Siwtched product/service offering 46.6 30.5 56.1 Other 7.1 9.0 6.1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 44 Section 3 - Employment Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 45 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.11. Family farms & agriculture - status % of All Percent HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles HHs Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 HH Farmwork during 2019 agricultural season* 66.4 78.6 88.4 81.2 64.5 49.8 HH Farmwork (land prep, planting) during 2020 agricultural season 76.8 86.5 92.0 87.6 74.4 62.8 Did none in 2020 but was planning to do so before coronavirus crisis 5.0 4.8 4.7 3.9 4.5 6.1 Did none in 2020 and had no plans to so 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.8 2.5 No HH farm 16.9 8.8 3.3 8.3 19.3 28.6 HH raised livestock in 2019 44.7 77.5 58.6 54.9 39.1 30.9 HH raised or raising livestock in 2020 53.1 73.4 57.9 64.1 48.5 41.1 In the case of GHS Wave 4, the question used was ag1a "Did members of this HH cultivate any crops?" during harvest season. The sample was restricted to only the HHs that also participated on Phone Survey R2 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 46 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.12. Changes in crop planting activities due to coronavirus % of HH that did farmwork % of HHs that changed (land prep, planting) during planting activities 2020 agricultural season HH Farmwork, but changed planting activities due to 37.6 coronavirus crisis Abandoned crop farming 0.9 0.3 Reduced the area planted 52.3 19.7 Increased the area planted 23.0 8.7 Planted crops that take less time to mature 29.8 11.2 Planted less variety/number of crops 23.7 8.9 Planted more variety/number of crops 21.7 8.2 Delayed planting 25.0 9.4 Other change 14.1 5.3 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 47 Section 3 - Employment Table 3.12a. Reasons to not be able to access enough seeds % of HHs that reported that they were unable to acquire/transport seeeds Shops have run out of stock 7.3 Local markets not operating/closed 25.2 Limited /no transportation 17.9 Restrictions on movement / travel 51.7 Increase in price 28.8 Not enough money to buy them 62.3 Other 10.9 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 48 Section 4 - Safety nets Table 4.1 SAFETY NETS since coronavirus pandemic % of HHs, % of HHs, Round 2, % of HHs, by (GHS) consumption quintiles Types of assistance, any institution Round 1 Round 2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (since outbreak) (since baseline) Food 12.3 13.3 10.5 9.4 11.6 11.3 18.4 Direct cash transfers 2.2 1.8 Average amount of cash transfer (in Naira) 13,591 19,961 Other in-kind (not food) transfers 0.8 1.3 * Too few observations Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 49 Section 4 - Safety nets Table 4.2 Accessing Food Assistance Round 2, % of HHs received Food Assistance since Round 1 (Apr/May) Difficulties accessing assistance? All Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 No 84.7 60.1 84.3 89.8 89.6 85.9 Yes 15.3 39.9 15.7 10.2 10.4 14.1 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 50 Section 4 - Safety nets Table 4.2a Type of difficulties experienced to access food assistance % of HHs that experienced difficulties accessing food assistance Mobility contstraints of lockdown 26.4 Incomplete/delayed payments 17.9 Theft/crime 13.2 Bribe requested 16.8 Issues with national ID 2.7 Inadequate info to access benefits 21.8 Other 62.4 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 51 Section 4 - Safety nets Table 4.3. Other Income sources in the last 12 months % of HHs, Round 1 % of HHs, Round Source of livelihood (Apr/May) 2 (June) Remittances from abroad 3.4 3.6 Remittances from family within the country 21.8 17.2 Assistance from other non-family individuals 21.6 25.9 Income from properties, investments, savings 14.4 16.8 Pension 4.1 4.0 Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Covid-19 NLPS) 2020 Round 2- June 2020 52