87675 Vanuatu VANU Socio – Economic Atlas [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] 1 © 2014 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org Cover photo: Inspired by the 2014 World Development Report cover. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. Note that The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. 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Vanuatu Socio-Economic Atlas 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................ 11 A. HOUSEHOLD WELLBEING................................................................................................. 16 Figure 1: Poverty headcount ratio ............................................................................................ 17 Figure 2: Poverty concentration, % of total poor ..................................................................... 18 Figure 3: Population density ..................................................................................................... 19 Figure 4: Average monthly consumption per adult equivalent, Vatu....................................... 20 Figure 5: Gini Coefficient (Concentration index) ...................................................................... 21 Figure 6: Inequality ratio (the 90th/10th percentile ratio) ....................................................... 22 Figure 7: Asset index ................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 8a: Average number of durable goods per household .................................................. 24 Figure 8b: Percentage of households that have fewer than two durable goods ..................... 25 Figure 9: Percentage of households that own a motor vehicle, boat or canoe ....................... 26 B. SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD ................................................................................................ 27 Figure 10: Livestock index ......................................................................................................... 28 Figure 11: Average number of livestock per household ........................................................... 29 Figure 12a: Average number of cattle per household .............................................................. 30 Figure 12b: Percentage of households that have cattle ........................................................... 31 Figure 13a: Average number of pigs per household ................................................................. 32 Figure 13b: Percentage of households that have pigs .............................................................. 33 Figure 14a: Average number of poultry per household ........................................................... 34 Figure 14b: Percentage of households that have poultry ........................................................ 35 Figure 15a: Percentage of households that grow selected cash crops..................................... 36 Figure 15b: Percentage of households that grow coconut ...................................................... 37 Figure 15c: Percentage of households that grow kava ............................................................ 38 Figure 16: Labor force participation rate .................................................................................. 39 Figure 16a: Labor force participation rate for women ............................................................. 40 Figure 16b: Labor force participation rate for men .................................................................. 41 Figure 17: Ratio of discouraged workers to working-age population ..................................... 42 Figure 18: Percentage of households that are involved in any fishing activity ........................ 43 Figure 18a: Percentage of households that are involved in fishing (marine or fresh water) for subsistence only ........................................................................................................................ 44 Figure 18b: Percentage of households that are involved in fishing for subsistence and sale .. 45 Figure 19: Percentage of households that report wages/salary as a main source of income . 46 4 Figure 20: Percentage of households that report sale of fish/crops/handicrafts as a main source of income....................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 21: Percentage of people (age 15+) working as salaried employees (private or government) ............................................................................................................................. 48 Figure 22: Percentage of people (age 15+) working as self-employed .................................... 49 Figure 23: Percentage of people (age 15+) working in unpaid family or voluntary work ....... 50 Figure 24: Percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production -for sale- ........ 51 Figure 25: Percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production - for own consumption- ............................................................................................................................ 52 C. HOUSEHOLD LIVING (DWELLING) CONDITIONS ................................................................ 53 Figure 26: Percentage of households living in dwellings with walls made of traditional material ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Figure 27: Percentage of households living in dwellings with roof made of traditional material .................................................................................................................................................. 55 Figure 28: Percentage of households living in dwellings with floor made of wood/concrete . 56 Figure 29: Percentage of households that have electricity as main source of lightning (main grid, own generator, solar) ....................................................................................................... 57 Figure 29a: Percentage of households that have main grid as the main source of lighting..... 58 Figure 29b: Percentage of households that have solar system or solar lamp as the main source of lighting....................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 29c: Percentage of households that use generator as the main source of lighting ...... 60 Figure 30: Percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from well (unprotected) or river/lake/spring .................................................................................... 61 Figure 31: Percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from household or shared tank ......................................................................................................... 62 Figure 32: Percentage of households with main toilet facility being a pit latrine (private or shared) or none......................................................................................................................... 63 Figure 33: Percentage of households that use wood/coconut shells as main source of cooking energy ....................................................................................................................................... 64 D. EDUCATION .................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 34: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with no schooling ................................................... 66 Figure 34a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with no schooling............................................... 67 Figure 34b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with no schooling ................................................... 68 Figure 35: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with primary education ......................................... 69 Figure 35a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with primary education ..................................... 70 Figure 35b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with primary education .......................................... 71 Figure 36: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with secondary education ..................................... 72 Figure 36a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with secondary education ................................. 73 Figure 36b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with secondary education ...................................... 74 5 Figure 37: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with tertiary education .......................................... 75 Figure 37a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with tertiary education ...................................... 76 Figure 37b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with tertiary education .......................................... 77 Figure 38: Percentage of children (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school ......... 78 Figure 38a: Percentage of girls (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school .............. 79 Figure 38b: Percentage of boys (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school ............. 80 Figure 39: Percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in English ....................... 81 Figure 39a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in English..................... 82 Figure 39b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in English ......................... 83 Figure 40: Percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama ...................... 84 Figure 40a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama ................... 85 Figure 40b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama ........................ 86 Figure 41: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who can read and write in French ......................... 87 Figure 41a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in French ..................... 88 Figure 41b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in French.......................... 89 E. HEALTH........................................................................................................................... 90 Figure 42: Percentage of people (age 6+) who report some degree of disability ................... 91 Figure 42a: Percentage of women (age 6+) who report some degree of disability ................. 92 Figure 42b: Percentage of men (age 6+) who report some degree of disability ...................... 93 Figure 43: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who smoke ............................................................. 94 Figure 43a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who smoke ........................................................ 95 Figure 43b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who smoke ............................................................. 96 Figure 44: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who consume alcohol ............................................ 97 Figure 44a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who consume alcohol ........................................ 98 Figure 44b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who consume alcohol............................................. 99 Figure 45: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who consume kava .............................................. 100 Figure 45a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who consume kava .......................................... 101 Figure 45b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who consume kava ............................................... 102 F. LOCATION OF FACILITIES ............................................................................................... 103 Figure 46a: Map of schools and roads in Torba ...................................................................... 104 Figure 46b: Map of schools and roads in Sanma .................................................................... 105 Figure 46c: Map of schools and roads in Penama .................................................................. 106 Figure 46d: Map of schools and roads in Malampa ................................................................ 107 Figure 46e: Map of schools and roads in Shefa ..................................................................... 108 Figure 46f: Map of schools and roads in Tafea ....................................................................... 109 Figure 47a: Map of health facilities and roads in Torba ......................................................... 110 6 Figure 47b: Map of health facilities and roads in Sanma........................................................ 111 Figure 47c: Map of health facilities and roads in Penama ...................................................... 112 Figure 47d: Map of health facilities and roads in Malampa ................................................... 113 Figure 47e: Map of health facilities and roads in Shefa.......................................................... 114 Figure 47f: Map of health facilities and roads in Tafea .......................................................... 115 ANNEX 1: TABULATIONS OF INDICATORS REPORTED IN THE MAPS, BY AREA COUNCIL........... 116 Table A: Household wellbeing indicators.................................................................................... 116 Table B: Sources of livelihood indicators .................................................................................... 122 Table C: Household living (dwelling) conditions indicators ........................................................ 134 Table D: Education variables ....................................................................................................... 142 Table E: Health variables ............................................................................................................. 151 ANNEX 2: DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIABLES ........................................................................... 160 ANNEX 3: METHODOLOGY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ASSET AND LIVESTOCK INDEXES 166 7 9 INTRODUCTION The objective of the Socio-Economic Atlas (SEA) for Vanuatu is to present key indicators of the socio- economic status of Vanuatu population, at the areas council level. The Atlas should be of interest to various policy makers and development practitioners concerned about various spheres of socio- economic development in Vanuatu. It allows for comparisons of various development indicators across various geographical areas. It is a useful baseline for comparisons over time, when the indicators presented in the Atlas get updated. The Atlas has been developed by the Vanuatu National Statistical Office (VNSO) with support from the World Bank, and with funding provided by the Australian Aid Program. The Atlas has been developed through a consultative process with various Government agencies and development organizations. The Atlas provides representative socio-economic indicators at the level of area council (district), which is the smallest administrative division unit in Vanuatu. Most of the indicators presented in the Atlas have been derived from the Vanuatu 2009 Census data, which is rich in terms of the development indicators captured. On the other hand, the content of the Census questionnaire defines the boundaries of what indicators can be presented. We have also used small area estimation techniques to derive estimates of consumption-based poverty and inequality, by combining the use of the 2009 Census data with the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data. A separate technical paper has been prepared that describes the methodology used in doing this and is available from the VNSO and the World Bank. The Atlas includes five key groups of socio-economic indicators for population. Section A covers the indicators of household wellbeing in terms of consumption-based poverty rates and inequality indices. Section B looks at the sources of livelihoods for households in terms of livestock numbers and share of households engaged in various economic activities. Section C focuses on the households’ living conditions by looking at the quality of dwelling, access to water and access to electricity. Section D explores education outcomes and shows percent of adult population with various levels of schooling. Section E looks at some indicators related to health status, such as percent of adults who smoke and consume alcohol. In addition, Section F looks at the distribution of education and health facilities, and roads and tracks in the national road network. 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Socio-Economic Atlas (SEA) for Vanuatu includes five key groups of socio-economic indicators for population. Section A covers the indicators of household wellbeing in terms of consumption- based poverty rates and inequality indices. Section B looks at the sources of livelihoods for households in terms of livestock numbers and share of households engaged in various economic activities. Section C focuses on the households’ living conditions by looking at the quality of dwelling, access to water and access to electricity. Section D explores education outcomes and shows percent of adult population with various levels of schooling. Section E looks at some indicators related to health status, such as percent of adults who smoke and consume alcohol. Section F looks at the distribution of education and health facilities and availability of the road and track network. It is important to note that all indicators presented in the Vanuatu SEA are at the level of Area Council (AC), the lowest level of administrative division in Vanuatu. The maps show the name of the AC, and not the island. Where an AC covers more than one island the name is repeated; for example in the Torres AC in Torba, “Torres” appears three times on the map for the islands of Hui, Tegua and Toga. Most of these indicators have been derived directly from the Vanuatu 2009 Census data. The consumption-based poverty and inequality indicators have been obtained using the small- area estimation techniques developed by the World Bank. These estimates are based on the use of the 2009 Census and 2010 HIES data. Some of the key findings that emerge from these maps are highlighted below: Section A: Household Wellbeing  The levels of the consumption-based poverty (% of population below the total poverty line) in Vanuatu could be considered as rather low, with a national average rate of 12.3%. However, there seem to be certain areas where the poverty rates are substantially higher than national average. These are mostly areas around North Malekula, Maewo, Pentecost and Tanna. Poverty rates are lowest in prime agricultural areas of Santo and parts of Ambae and Ambrym.  It is worth noting that in some ACs where there is a high poverty incidence, the number of poor is low. In Mota for example, the household poverty incidence is 33.4% but only 0.8% of Vanuatu’s total poor live there. Similarly, areas such as Port Vila have high poverty incidence and a high proportion of the nation’s poor. This has important implications for policy makers in targeting pro-poor policies.  The level of consumption inequality in Vanuatu also seems to be rather low. The ratio of the average consumption of the top 10% of population in terms of the per capita (per adult equivalent) distribution relative to that of the bottom 10% is 4.7, while this ratio can reach the level of 10 in many other countries, including in the East Asia Pacific region (e.g., Papua New Guinea). The lower this ratio is the lower inequality is. Similarly, the Gini coefficient is found to be 0.351 (where 0 would represent perfect equality and 1 perfect inequality). However, the Gini coefficients are highest (>0.38) in Efate, indicating higher levels of inequality there.  There are significant differences across Vanuatu in the possession of durable goods by the households. As would be expected, lower levels of possession are generally observed in more remote areas, and areas with less access to electricity. It is important to keep in mind though that possession of a few durable goods is not necessarily a sign of food insecurity or poverty. In fact, the analysis suggests that many of those areas with a low asset index at the 11 same time have quite a high livestock index. Most areas of Santo are examples of this type of situation. Section B: Sources of livelihoods  Traditionally in Vanuatu, livestock (especially pigs and, to a lesser extent, cattle and poultry) are not only kept for food, but as a store of wealth or for ceremonial purposes and special events. For this reason high rates of ownership may be a less reliable indicator of the absence of poverty. For instance, in Tanna pigs and poultry are common household assets, but poverty rates are relatively high. On the other hand, cattle ownership seems to be related to higher levels of wellbeing. In East Santo, where the poverty rate is 2.4%, the average household owns around 12.3 cows, compared to the national average of 2.2. Most households in Port Vila do not have any livestock at all, while some households in rural areas have more than 10 cattle per household. On some small islands, around 90% of households keep livestock and with the exception of Efate, growing cash crops is almost a universal pursuit for ni Vanuatu. About 40% of households raise pigs, and 64% have poultry, though these figures are weighed down by the lower rates in Port Vila.  There is also a substantial reliance on growing cash crops (45.3% of households) and fishing (31% of households do fishing for subsistence). In certain areas, up to 80% of households report being involved in fishing for subsistence living only. Moreover, across the nation, 45% of households report being involved in food production for own consumption. This number goes as high as 90% in many ACs, including the majority those within Penama province, northwest and west Santo in Sanma, and Ureparapara and Mota in Torba.  The small extent of the formal economy is apparent from the low rates of wage and salary dependent households in many parts of the country. In 35 of the 66 ACs, less than 10% of households report wages or salaries as their main source of income. Even close to the capital in, say, North Efate, less than 30% of households rely on wages and salaries while more than 52% rely on the sale of fish, crops or handicrafts for cash income. Where formal employment is highest, it tends to be around provincial capitals.  The results highlighted above exemplify the traditional way of life and reliance on subsistence living in Vanuatu. Section C: Household Living (Dwelling) Conditions  Living conditions vary considerably across Vanuatu, based in part on access to infrastructure and utilities. Those living outside urban areas and towns tend to go without electricity and often lack piped water and sewage systems. On most islands, almost all households mainly rely on wood or coconut shell for cooking – even in Port Vila almost half of households still cook using these sources. In the more urbanized parts of the country, houses have concrete or wood floors. Many households in Vanuatu live in basic conditions. For instance, even though traditional materials appear to be widely used for housing across the country, only 17% of households report living in dwellings with walls made of makeshift or improvised materials.  A generally low access to electricity in Vanuatu is an area of concern. At the national level, only 38% of households report having electricity (from main grid, solar, or own generator) as a main source of lighting. Outside of the key urban areas (Port Vila and Luganville), less than 20% of households have access to the main grid, and even that number may be driven by those households that live close to provincial centers. In fact, in most ACs, less than 2% of the population has access to the main grid. Solar power has become an important source of 12 electricity, especially in more remote locations. In some ACs, up to 50% of households report reliance on solar power as the main source of lighting. The national average for this source is 6.3% (as of 2009). Only about 2% of the population relies on small petrol generators, which could be a reflection of high costs of fuel. However, in parts of Efate the share of households using generator power reaches 20% (Malorua).  A significant share of population in more remote areas is using water from the unprotected source (such as river/lake/spring) as the main source of drinking water. While the national average of this statistic is 12% (coincidentally, very close to the poverty rate), in some area councils, such as on Erromango or Tanna, where natural springs are common, this indicator is as high as 70%.  There is high reliance on using traditional fuels – coconut shell and firewood – as the main means of cooking across the country (85.2%). Coconut usage is notably high even in Efate, with over 95 percent in Eton relying on coconut fuelled fire. The lowest, yet still large, rate of coconut usage in Efate and Vanuatu as a whole is found to be 47.5% in Port Vila.  Outside the urban centers and provincial hubs people rely on pit toilets or have no toilet at all. Whereas in Port Vila and across northern Efate flush toilets are more prevalent Pit latrines, shared and private, are used widely (48% of the population) as a primary type of toilet. Their use is particularly prevalent in Penama where between 83% and 100% of those living in Pentecost, Maewo, and Ambae use pit latrines. The lowest rates of pit latrine use (4.7%-19.1%) are found in Efate (Port Vila, Malorua, and North Efate) and a few other areas councils (Motalava, Tongariki, North Tongoa). Section D: Education  Indicators of educational attainment also vary considerably across the country. The islands of Torba province, along with Tanna and the western side of Santo report high proportions of adults without any schooling – sometimes more than 50%. Interestingly, the gender disaggregated maps for this indicator do not show large differences between men and women - the inequity here appears to be geographic, rather than gender based. There may also be an inherent bias in these results as the more educated people move to the urban centres. As would be expected, parts of Efate show higher rates of education than the national average. But so too do a number of remote areas (such as North Erromango, Vermali or East Santo) where, interestingly, their neighboring councils have relatively low rates. Distances from village to school may be a factor in these differences.  Given the generally low rates of education, self-reported literacy rates seem high. 82% of the population (age 15+) reports ability to read/write in Bislama, 67% in English, and 37.1% in French. In contrast, literacy rates in parts of Tanna, Pentecost, Santo and Malekula are sometimes below 40%. These results contrast with recent research conducted in Shefa Province which showed that, despite 85% of respondents self-declaring they were literate, only 27.6% we actually classified as literate (VEPAC, 2011). In terms of a gender dimension, the differences in literacy rates between men and women are very small. For instance, the English literacy rates are 69% and 65% for men and women, respectively.  A key issue in Vanuatu seems to be the very low percent of people that continue on to secondary and tertiary education. Indeed, only 7% of adults (age 15+) nationwide report to have completed secondary education (with 7.7% and 6.6% for men and women, respectively). Distance plays a significant part, as does the limited number of secondary school places. Attending secondary school often means going to a boarding school (as many areas do not have secondary schools nearby). The maps show that remoteness may play 13 part secondary attainment. Some parts of the country (for example North West Santo) that show relatively good level of primary education reporting close to zero rates of secondary education. On the other hand, some small communities, report some of the highest rates of secondary and tertiary education, such as Futuna with 6.2% and 10.3% respectively. In urban areas attainment is much higher – though still only 17% in Port Vila.  The cost of upper secondary education is also likely to be a barrier to school completion. The secondary school fees are reported to be in the range of VT 20,000-40,000 per child per term (equivalent of USD 200-400), which, considering three terms per school year, and the number of children in a typical household, could represent a substantial cost barrier. If the student is boarding, there are additional costs on top of this. Transport and other costs associated with relocation can also be substantial.  In terms of tertiary education, it is also a rare commodity in Vanuatu. Only 6.6% of adults report having a tertiary education (with 7.8% and 5.5% for men and women, respectively). This is mostly explained by the fact that, except for the local rural training centers, there are few tertiary education providers in Vanuatu. It is also worth noting that as people progress through school, they often move to more urban areas for secondary and tertiary education. Consequently, the attainment rates for the remote locations will likely fall, and in more populated areas they will likely rise. Section E: Health  The census contains a limited number of health-related indicators. The share of people reporting some functional limitation is 12% nationwide, though this rises to around 30% in some parts of the country, such as Ambrym, Erromango, Epi or Efate. Given the nature of the census question for this indicator it is difficult to ascertain precisely the difficulties people face, but further investigation following the completion of the DHS in 2014 would be warranted.  25% of adults (age 15+) report smoking, with very significant difference between men (45%) and women (4%). Across the country smoking among men seems most prevalent in Torba province and on Santo and Pentecost, and it is common for people in rural areas to grow their own tobacco. The consumption of alcohol is reported by about 10% of adults – 17% for men and 3% for women. It appears that the share of people consuming alcohol is higher in urban areas. Drinking kava, a tradition deeply ingrained in the Melanesian society, is reported by 30% of the adult population – 53% for men and 8% for women. In fact, it appears that in most parts of Vanuatu, kava is a substitute for alcohol or vice versa. Though for both, consumption is generally a male dominated activity.  The data on epidemics/diseases is not available at the AC level. Some efforts are currently under way by the Department of Health and WHO to collect data from individual health facilities, and to aggregate it, but this is still work in progress. The malaria rates in Vanuatu are generally low as a result of intensive efforts for malaria control and progressive strategies for elimination. Data on malaria cases is collected at the health zone level (about 46 of those), but the health zone boundaries do not necessarily overlap with AC boundaries, so the compilation of these statistics at the AC level is not possible. Section F: Location of education and health facilities, and roads  The education and health facilities, mapped in Section F are disaggregated to the level that existing data can provide. For example, health facilities include hospitals, health centers, dispensaries and for some provinces - provincial and national offices. Education facilities 14 include both government and non-government run schools, disaggregated by the level of education. All types of roads, from walking tracks to major roads, are illustrated as the same. 15 A. HOUSEHOLD WELLBEING 16 Figure 1: Poverty headcount ratio North West Santo Torres Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North Sanma Santo North Ambae East South Maewo Vanua Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo Luganville North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Gaua Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili Merelava 0 12.5 25 50 75 Kilometers Central Pentecost 2 North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Makimae Shefa Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango Poverty headcount ratio South Erromango at the AC level Vanuatu=12.3% Tafea Aniwa 0.66% - 2.93% (10) North Tanna 2.94% - 4.75% (10) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna 4.76% - 6.97% (10) Whitesands Futuna South South Tanna 6.98% - 10.78% (9) West Tanna 10.79% - 13.13% (9) 13.14% - 18.45% (11) 18.46% - 33.61% (7) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009 and Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 1.5%, 4.3%, 5.8%, 10.2%, 12.0%, 16.0% and 24.9% respectively; For each province, the poverty headcount rate is: Torba (17.8%) Sanma (7.2%), Penama (7.6%), Malampa (9.5%), Shefa (13.0%), Tafea (10.3%), Port Vila (18.4%) and Luganville (23.6%); 17 Figure 2: Poverty concentration, % of total poor North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Penama North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Sanma anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Luganville North Pentecost Fanafo Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Distribution of the poor at the AC level 0.0% - 0.5% (29) Tafea Aniwa 0.6% - 1.0% (16) North Tanna 1.1% - 2.0% (13) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 2.1% - 3.0% (3) South South Tanna West Tanna 3.1% - 6.0% (3) 11.2% (Luganville) (1) 29.6% (Port Vila) (1) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009 and Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010 Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for the first five categories are 0.3%, 0.8%, 1.5%, 2.4% and 4.3%, respectively; For each province, the distribution of the poor is: Torba (5.2%) Sanma (7.9%), Penama (8.1%), Malampa (11.6%), Shefa (14.2%), Tafea (12.0%), Port Vila (29.6%) and Luganville (11.2%); 18 Figure 3: Population density North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango Population density South Erromango (people per sq. km) Vanuatu=18.7 Tafea Aniwa 1.7 - 10.7 (19) North Tanna 10.8 - 26.1 (15) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 26.2 - 48.1 (17) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 48.2 - 84.4 (11) 84.5 - 511.7 (2) 511.8 - 1803.2 (2) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009 Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 5.6, 15.9, 38.3, 59.1, 437.0 and 1,479.6, respectively; For each province, the population density is: Torba (10.6) Sanma (7.5), Penama (24.9), Malampa (12.9), Shefa (22.8) Tafea (19.8), Port Vila (1,803.2) and Luganville (511.7); 19 Figure 4: Average monthly consumption per adult equivalent, Vatu North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo Luganville North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Average monthly consumption Vanuatu=19,089 Tafea Aniwa 9,843 - 12,944 (6) North Tanna 12,945 - 15,688 (9) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands 15,689 - 17,212 (16) Futuna South South Tanna 17,213 - 19,532 (11) West Tanna 19,533 - 21,293 (5) 21,294 - 24,487 (9) 24,488 - 35,445 (10) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009 and Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 12,120; 15,209; 16,740; 19,176; 20,451; 22,753 and 27,869, respectively; For each province, the average monthly consumption is: Torba (13,717) Sanma (17,660), Penama (20,538), Malampa (16,215), Shefa (19,112), Tafea (16,920), Port Vila (24,163) and Luganville (16,873); 20 Figure 5: Gini Coefficient (Concentration index) North Torres West Santo Penama Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara a Motalava nto Sanma North Santo South Maewo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo Luganville North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor North Erromango / South Erromango Gini coefficient at the AC level Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=0.351 North Tanna 0.26 - 0.30 (14) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands 0.31 - 0.33 (13) Futuna South South Tanna 0.34 - 0.35 (13) West Tanna 0.36 - 0.37 (13) >0.38 (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009 and Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.278, 0.319, 0.343, 0.363 and 0.419, respectively; The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality with values between 0 and 1; values closer to 1 indicate greater inequality; For each province, the Gini coefficient is: Torba (0.32) Sanma (0.32), Penama (0.35), Malampa (0.31), Shefa (0.40), Tafea (0.35), Port Vila (0.34) and Luganville (0.35); 21 Figure 6: Inequality ratio (the 90th/10th percentile ratio) North Penama Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma a Motalava nto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo Luganville North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Makimae Shefa Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango The inequality ratio South Erromango (the 90th/10th percentile ratio) Vanuatu=4.72 Tafea Aniwa 3.33 - 3.79 (10) North Tanna 3.80 - 4.13 (10) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 4.14 - 4.55 (10) South South Tanna West Tanna 4.56 - 4.77 (9) 4.78 - 5.26 (9) 5.27 - 5.55 (9) 5.56 - 6.62 (9) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009 and Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 3.45, 3.93, 4.42, 4.65, 5.01, 5.42 and 5.84, respectively; The P90/P10 ratio is the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the first; For each province, the inequality ratio is: Torba (4.66), Sanma (3.86), Penama (5.15), Malampa (3.91), Shefa (5.74), Tafea (4.42), Port Vila (4.54) and Luganville (4.52); 22 Figure 7: Asset index North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Makimae Shefa Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Asset Index Vanuatu=7.09 Tafea Aniwa 4.06 - 4.83 (10) North Tanna 4.84 - 5.63 (10) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands 5.64 - 6.50 (10) Futuna South South Tanna 6.51 - 7.51 (9) West Tanna 7.52 - 9.19 (9) 9.20 - 12.34 (11) 12.35 - 15.41 (7) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. See methodology in Annex 3. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 4.65, 5.21, 6.15, 6.88, 8.30, 10.99 and 13.54, respectively; For each province, the average asset index is: Torba (5.12) Sanma (6.96), Penama (6.27), Malampa (6.62), Shefa (10.04), Tafea (5.95), Port Vila (7.28) and Luganville (6.43); 23 Figure 8a: Average number of durable goods per household North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Torba North Maewo Torres East S Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers Tafea North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango Average number of durable goods South Erromango Vanuatu=4.20 0.81 - 1.45 (7) Tafea Aniwa 1.46 - 2.07 (11) North Tanna 2.08 - 2.84 (17) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands 2.85 - 3.67 (12) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 3.68 - 4.79 (10) 4.80 - 6.12 (3) 6.13 - 8.19 (6) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 1.22, 1.74, 2.52, 3.31, 4.21, 5.51 and 7.22, respectively; For each province, the average number of durable goods is: Torba (1.54) Sanma (3.20), Penama (2.66), Malampa (3.04), Shefa (5.19), Tafea (2.34), Port Vila (7.30) and Luganville (6.88); 24 Figure 8b: Percentage of households that have fewer than two durable goods North Torres West Santo Torba Torres Torba Penama North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Sanma Motalava anto North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Mota Lava South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili Merelava 0 12.5 25 50 75 Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of households that have fewer than two durable goods Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=46.1% North Tanna 9.7% - 37.6% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 37.7% - 52.3% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 52.4% - 65.5% (13) 65.6% - 76.1% (13) 76.2% - 93.3% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 28.0%, 47.9%, 61.1%, 70.1% and 81.5%, respectively; For each province, the average number of durable goods is: Torba (78.4%) Sanma (54.3%), Penama (63.2%), Malampa (55.9%), Shefa (34.7%), Tafea (69.6%), Port Vila (15.3%) and Luganville (15.0%); 25 Figure 9: Percentage of households that own a motor vehicle, boat or canoe North Torres West Santo Penama Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara a Motalava nto Sanma North Santo South Maewo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo Luganville North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that own a motor vehicle, South Erromango boat or canoe Vanuatu=18.3% Tafea Aniwa 2.1% - 7.6% (11) North Tanna 7.7% - 13.2% (11) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands Futuna 13.3% - 17.5% (18) South South Tanna West Tanna 17.6% - 25.9% (9) 26.0% - 40.3% (13) 40.4% - 65.5% (4) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: The median values for each category are 5.5%, 11.1%, 15.2%, 20.6%, 32.3% and 47.0%, respectively. For each province, the percentage of households who own motor vehicle, boat or canoe is: Torba (31.5%), Sanma (16.3%), Penama (10.9%), Malampa (23.7%), Shefa (18.1%), Tafea (13.2%), Port Vila (20.9%) and Luganville (19.4%); 26 B. SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD 27 Figure 10: Livestock index North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Makimae Shefa Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Livestock index Vanuatu=1.02 Tafea Aniwa 0.37 - 0.59 (6) North Tanna 0.60 - 0.80 (17) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 0.81 - 1.02 (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 1.03 - 1.37 (19) 1.38 - 1.75 (5) 1.76 - 2.12 (6) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. See methodology in Annex 3. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.48, 0.74, 0.91, 1.12, 1.60 and 2.00, respectively; For each province, the average livestock index is: Torba (0.71) Sanma (1.38), Penama (1.17), Malampa (0.85), Shefa (0.89), Tafea (0.92), Port Vila (0.99) and Luganville (1.12); 28 Figure 11: Average number of livestock per household North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Makimae Shefa Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Average number of livestock Vanuatu=15.23 Tafea Aniwa 3.42 - 7.36 (3) North Tanna 7.37 - 11.29 (6) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 11.30 - 15.23 (15) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 15.24 - 22.92 (23) 22.93 - 30.61 (13) 30.62 - 38.30 (6) Aneityum 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; This average includes the following type of livestock: cattle, pigs, goats, horses and poultry. The median values for each category are 7.26, 9.61, 14.19, 18.59, 26.37 and 34.88, respectively; For each province, the average number of livestock is: Torba (13.68), Sanma (23.39), Penama (22.78), Malampa (16.07), Shefa (16.61), Tafea (16.84), Port Vila (3.42) and Luganville (7.32); 29 Figure 12a: Average number of cattle per household North West Santo Torres Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma Penama anto North Motalava South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili Gaua 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Average number of cattles Vanuatu=2.21 Tafea Aniwa 0.00 - 0.74 (11) North Tanna 0.75 - 1.47 (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 1.48 - 2.21 (15) South South Tanna West Tanna 2.22 - 4.23 (13) 4.24 - 10.70 (9) 10.71 - 14.95 (2) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.35, 1.28, 1.74, 2.67, 5.01 and 12.33, respectively; For each province, the average number of cattle is: Torba (1.30 ), Sanma (6.59), Penama (1.73), Malampa (2.22), Shefa (1.86), Tafea (1.59), Port Vila (0.37) and Luganville (1.65); 30 Figure 12b: Percentage of households that have cattle North West Santo Torres Torba Torres North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama Sanma an Motalava to North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of households that have cattle Vanuatu=29.5% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 9.8% (10) North Tanna 9.9% - 19.7% (5) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands 19.8% - 29.5% (7) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 29.6% - 46.7% (17) 46.8% - 63.8% (17) 63.9% - 81.0% (8) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 2.5%, 17.3%, 26.7%,37.8%, 51.6% and 68.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that have cattle is: Torba (29.7%), Sanma (52.6%), Penama (34.5%), Malampa (43.0%), Shefa (23.6%), Tafea (42.5%), Port Vila (0.4%) and Luganville (2.5%); 31 Figure 13a: Average number of pigs per household North West Santo Torres Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto North Motalava South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili Gaua 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Average number of pigs Vanuatu=2.28 Tafea Aniwa 0.45 - 1.06 (7) North Tanna 1.07 - 1.67 (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 1.68 - 2.28 (10) South South Tanna West Tanna 2.29 - 4.63 (26) 4.64 - 6.97 (6) 6.98 - 9.32 (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.89, 1.51, 1.91, 3.14, 5.17 and 7.88, respectively; For each province, the average number of pigs is: Torba (1.54), Sanma (2.04), Penama (3.82), Malampa (2.14), Shefa (2.52), Tafea (3.90), Port Vila (0.75) and Luganville (0.97); 32 Figure 13b: Percentage of households that have pigs North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of households that have pigs Vanuatu=44.6% Tafea Aniwa 4.0% - 17.5% (2) North Tanna 17.6% - 31.1%(3) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 31.2% - 44.6% (11) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 44.7% - 61.9% (24) 62.0% - 79.1% (11) 79.2% - 96.4% (15) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 7.8%, 26.2%, 39.8%, 55.0%, 66.2% and 87.0%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that have pigs is: Torba (55.9%), Sanma (51.7%), Penama (66.0%), Malampa (51.5%), Shefa (45.8%), Tafea (76.5%), Port Vila (4.0%) and Luganville (8.8%); 33 Figure 14a: Average number of poultry per household North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto North Motalava South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili Gaua 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Average number of poultry Vanuatu=9.89 Tafea Aniwa 1.52 - 4.31 (2) North Tanna 4.32 - 7.10 (7) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 7.11 - 9.89 (9) South South Tanna West Tanna 9.90 - 15.57 (33) 15.58 - 21.26 (12) 21.27 - 26.94 (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 3.67, 6.67, 8.6, 12.45, 18.17 and 26.06, respectively; For each province, the average number of poultry is: Torba (10.15), Sanma (13.55), Penama (16.62), Malampa (11.44), Shefa (11.12), Tafea (10.18), Port Vila (1.52) and Luganville (3.67); 34 Figure 14b: Percentage of households that have poultry North West Santo Torres Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili Gaua 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of households that have poultry Vanuatu=63.6% Tafea Aniwa 9.1% - 27.3% (1) North Tanna 27.4% - 45.4% (4) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 45.5% - 63.6% (4) South South Tanna West Tanna 63.7% - 74.9% (7) 75.0% - 86.3% (17) 86.4% - 97.6% (33) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 9.1%, 35.9%, 57.4%, 71.6%, 81.5% and 91.4%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that have poultry is: Torba (79.3%), Sanma (81.4%), Penama (86.8%), Malampa (81.2%), Shefa (61.8%), Tafea (89.5%), Port Vila (9.1%) and Luganville (31.0%); 35 Figure 15a: Percentage of households that grow selected cash crops North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Penama North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Sanma anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili Merelava 0 12.5 25 50 75 Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that grow South Erromango selected cash crops Vanuatu=45.3% Tafea Aniwa 3.1% - 17.2% (7) North Tanna 17.3% - 31.2% (8) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 31.3% - 45.3% (9) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 45.4% - 62.4% (16) 62.5% - 79.6% (12) 79.7% - 96.7% (14) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. The cash crops included are cocoa, coffee, sandal wood, pepper, vanilla and other (excludes coconut and kava); Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 12.9%, 26.1%, 38.7%, 54.7%, 70.0% and 88.9%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that grow selected cash crops is: Torba (24.0%), Sanma (50.3%), Penama (68.2%), Malampa (72.4%), Shefa (45.4%), Tafea (63.1%), Port Vila (3.1%) and Luganville (12.1%); 36 Figure 15b: Percentage of households that grow coconut North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Sanma Penama Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of households that grow coconuts Vanuatu=49.5% Tafea Aniwa 2.1% - 17.9% (4) North Tanna 18.0% - 33.7% (5) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 33.8% - 49.5% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 49.6% - 65.2% (5) 65.3% - 80.8% (15) 80.9% - 96.5% (24) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 10.3%, 29.3%, 39.3%, 54.0%, 72.1% and 89.2%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that grow coconut is: Torba (71.3%), Sanma (68.3%), Penama (51.0%), Malampa (87.8%), Shefa (51.5%), Tafea (55.8%), Port Vila (2.1%) and Luganville (10.3%); 37 Figure 15c: Percentage of households that grow kava North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of households that grow kava Vanuatu=47.9% Tafea Aniwa 0.8% - 16.5% (9) North Tanna 16.6% - 32.2% (7) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 32.3% - 47.9% (3) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 48.0% - 63.7% (10) 63.8% - 79.5% (14) 79.6% - 95.3% (23) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009 Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 9.2%, 25.2%, 45.7%, 55.6%, 75.0% and 89.1%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that grow kava is: Torba (68.8%), Sanma (69.2%), Penama (83.9%), Malampa (57.6%), Shefa (32.1%), Tafea (72.3%), Port Vila (0.8%) and Luanville (9.3%); 38 Figure 16: Labor force participation rate North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango Labor force participation rate Vanuatu=70.8% Tafea Aniwa 39.8% - 50.1% (3) North Tanna 50.2% - 60.4% (3) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 60.5% - 70.7% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 70.8% - 77.0% (20) 77.1% - 83.3% (18) 83.4% - 95.4% (9) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. The labor force participation rate is defined as the percentage of working age population (age 15+) working or looking for work; Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 44.8%, 59.8%, 67.4%, 73.9%, 80.0% and 85.3%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) in the labor force is: Torba (77.1%), Sanma (78.9%), Penama (79.6%), Malampa (75.6%), Shefa (66.2%), and Tafea (72.3%), Port Vila (62.0%) and Luganville (59.9%); 39 Figure 16a: Labor force participation rate for women North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango Labor force participation rate South Erromango for women Vanuatu=61.4% Tafea Aniwa 25.0% - 50.1% (9) North Tanna 50.2% - 60.4% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 60.5% - 70.7% (18) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 70.8% - 77.0% (12) 77.1% - 83.3% (10) 83.4% - 95.9% (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. The labor force participation rate is defined as the percentage of working age population (age 15+) working or looking for work; Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 39.9%, 54.1%, 64.9%, 72.7%, 80.0% and 86.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) in the labor force is: Torba (68.4%), Sanma (72.7%), Penama (73.0%), Malampa (64.7%), Shefa (53.1%), Tafea (61.6%), Port Vila (53.9%) and Luganville (46.6%); 40 Figure 16b: Labor force participation rate for men North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango Labor force participation rate South Erromango for men Vanuatu=80.4% Tafea Aniwa 55.8% (1) North Tanna 55.9% - 60.4% (1) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 60.5% - 70.7% (2) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 70.8% - 77.0% (3) 77.1% - 83.3% (12) 83.4% - 95.9% (47) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. The labor force participation rate is defined as the percentage of working age population (age 15+) working or looking for work; Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 55.8%, 56.1%, 67.3%, 73.2%, 81.6% and 87.9%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) in the labor force is: Torba (86.2%), Sanma (84.9%), Penama (86.3%), Malampa (87.2%), Shefa (79.1%), Tafea (84.1%), Port Vila (69.6%) and Luganville (73.2%); 41 Figure 17: Ratio of discouraged workers to working-age population North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango Ratio of discouraged workers South Erromango to working-age population Vanuatu=2.6% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 0.9% (29) North Tanna 1.0% - 1.7% (10) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 1.8% - 2.6% (10) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 2.7% - 7.3% (14) 7.4% - 12.1% (2) 12.2% - 16.8% (1) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.4%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 3.1%, 10.8% and 16.8%, respectively; For each province, the ratio of discouraged workers to working-age population is: Torba (1.2%), Sanma (1.9%), Penama (0.7%), Malampa (1.1%), Shefa (3.2%), Tafea (2.2%), Port Vila (5.3%) and Luganville (2.7%); 42 Figure 18: Percentage of households that are involved in any fishing activity North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that are involved South Erromango in any fishing activity Vanuatu=37% Tafea Aniwa 9.6% - 18.7% (4) North Tanna 18.8% - 27.9% (8) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 28.0% - 37.0% (9) South South Tanna West Tanna 37.1% - 54.6% (17) 54.7% - 72.3% (17) 72.4% - 89.9% (11) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 15.6%, 22.4%, 35.0%, 40.9%, 63.4% and 81.2%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that are involved in any fishing activity is: Torba (76.8%), Sanma (48.7%), Penama (36.1%), Malampa (46.1%), Shefa (43.3%), Tafea (43.1%), Port Vila (9.6%) and Luganville (17.6%); 43 Figure 18a: Percentage of households that are involved in fishing (marine or fresh water) for subsistence only North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that are involved in fishing South Erromango (marine or fresh water) for subsistence only Vanuatu=31.1% Tafea Aniwa 5.0% - 13.7% (3) North Tanna 13.8% - 22.4% (11) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 22.5% - 31.1% (13) South South Tanna West Tanna 31.2% - 48.2% (16) 48.3% - 65.2% (11) 65.3% - 82.3% (12) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 7.8%, 17.6%, 28.4%, 37.4%, 56.1% and 74.7%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that are involved in fishing (for subsistence only) is: Torba (60.1%), Sanma (43.1%), Penama (29.2%), Malampa (40.7%), Shefa (33.7%), Tafea (38.5%), Port Vila (7.8%) and Luganville (14.6%); 44 Figure 18b: Percentage of households that are involved in fishing for subsistence and sale North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Sanma East S Torres Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that are involved South Erromango in fishing for subsistence and sale Vanuatu=6.0% Tafea Aniwa 0.7% - 2.5% (13) North Tanna 2.6% - 4.2% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 4.3% - 6.0% (7) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 6.1% - 15.9% (21) 16.0% - 37.0% (9) 37.1% - 52.5% (2) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 1.3%, 3.6%, 5.6%, 7.4%, 26.4% and 37.6%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that are involved in fishing for subsistence and sale: Torba (18.3%), Sanma (6.5%), Penama (7.5%), Malampa (6.2%), Shefa (8.9%), Tafea (5.5%), Port Vila (1.4%) and Luganville (2.6%); 45 Figure 19: Percentage of households that report wages/salary as a main source of income North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Sanma Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that report wages/salary South Erromango as a main source of income Vanuatu=33.6% Tafea Aniwa 3.5% - 6.5% (13) North Tanna 6.6% - 8.7% (13) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 8.8% - 33.6% (31) Futuna South South Tanna 33.7% - 49.7% (3) West Tanna 49.8% - 65.9% (2) 66.0% - 82.0% (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 6.0%, 7.7%, 12.6%, 38.4%, 60.4% and 72.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that report wages/salary as a main source of income is: Torba (13.6%), Sanma (16.6%), Penama (12.1%), Malampa (12.1%), Shefa (37.9%), Tafea (13.6%), Port Vila (82.0%) and Luganville (77.0%); 46 Figure 20: Percentage of households that report sale of fish/crops/handicrafts as a main source of income North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Sanma Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that report sale of fish/ South Erromango crops/handicrafts as a main source of income Vanuatu=46.2% Tafea Aniwa 2.2% - 16.9% (5) North Tanna 17.0% - 31.5% (5) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 31.6% - 46.2% (4) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 46.3% - 62.5% (17) 62.6% - 78.9% (17) 79.0% - 95.2% (18) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 22.7%, 54.3%, 64.4%, 77.7% and 85.8%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that report sale of fish/crops/handicrafts as a main source of income is: Torba (61.2%), Sanma (67.3%), Penama (67.9%), Malampa (60.0%), Shefa (46.1%), Tafea (60.2%) Port Vila (2.2%) and Luganville (4.4%); 47 Figure 21: Percentage of people (age 15+) working as salaried employees (private or government) North Torres West Santo Torba Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of the working-age population working South Erromango as salaried employees (government or private) Vanuatu=26.4% Tafea Aniwa 1.7% - 9.9% (40) North Tanna 10.0% - 18.2% (10) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 18.3% - 24.4% (4) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 24.5% - 41.9% (7) 42.0% - 57.5% (3) 57.6% - 73.0% (2) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 5.9%, 11.8%, 20.0%, 30.3%, 51.1% and 69.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) working as salaried employees is: Torba (7.7%), Sanma (12.6%), Penama (7.8%), Malampa (9.3%), Shefa (29.7%), Tafea (11.9%), Port Vila (73.0%) and Luganville (66.0%); 48 Figure 22: Percentage of people (age 15+) working as self-employed North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Penama Ureparapara a Sanma Motalava nto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of the working-age population working South Erromango as self-employed Vanuatu=7.6% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 2.5% (26) North Tanna 2.6% - 5.1%(16) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 5.2% - 7.6% (3) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 7.7% - 20.7% (17) 20.8% - 33.7% (1) 33.8% - 46.8% (2) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; Self-employed comprises those workers who report themselves as employers or self-employed. Thus, this definition includes formal business owners. The median values for each category are 1.3%, 3.7%, 5.9%, 11.7%, 21.7% and 45.7%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) working as self-employed workers is: Torba (1.5%), Sanma (2.2%), Penama (11.0%), Malampa (6.6%), Shefa (7.8%), Tafea (4.3%), Port Vila (13.8%) and Luganville (10.3%); 49 Figure 23: Percentage of people (age 15+) working in unpaid family or voluntary work North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma Penama an Motalava to North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Luganville Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of the working-age population working South Erromango in unpaid family or voluntary work Vanuatu=10.8% Tafea Aniwa 1.1% - 5.4% (14) North Tanna 5.5% - 7.4%(12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 7.5% - 10.8% (12) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 10.9% - 17.0% (15) 17.1% - 27.3% (9) 27.4% - 37.4% (4) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 3.0%, 6.2%, 9.4%, 13.8%, 21.4% and 34.7%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) working in unpaid family or voluntary work is: Torba (8.4%), Sanma (7.3%), Penama (16.2%), Malampa (18.9%), Shefa (11.1%), Tafea (11.5%), Port Vila (3.3%) and Luganville (4.7%); 50 Figure 24: Percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production -for sale- North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of the working-age population South Erromango working in household production (for sale) Vanuatu=10.6% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 1.9% (10) North Tanna 2.0% - 3.8% (12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 3.9% - 10.6% (16) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 10.7% - 25.7% (22) 25.8% - 40.8% (5) 40.9% - 60.0% (1) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 1.0%, 3.1%, 7.1%, 16.1%, 28.9% and 55.9%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production -for sale-: Torba (8.6%), Sanma (14.2%), Penama (16.6%), Malampa (13.6%), Shefa (16.9%), Tafea (3.4%), Port Vila (1.9%) and Luganville (3.5%); 51 Figure 25: Percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production - for own consumption- North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Sanma East S Torres Ureparapara Penama a Motalava nto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of the working-age population working in household production South Erromango (for own consumption) Vanuatu=44.3% Tafea Aniwa 8.1% - 20.1% (4) North Tanna 20.2% - 32.2% (7) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 32.3% - 44.3% (9) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 44.4% - 60.5% (15) 60.6% - 76.6% (19) 76.7% - 92.8% (12) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 15.6%, 26.0%, 38.4%, 54.0%, 70.3% and 83.4%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production - for own consumption- is: Torba (73.9%), Sanma (63.6%), Penama (48.4%), Malampa (51.7%), Shefa (34.5%), Tafea (68.8%), Port Vila (8.1%) and Luganville (15.6%); 52 C. HOUSEHOLD LIVING (DWELLING) CONDITIONS 53 Figure 26: Percentage of households living in dwellings with walls made of traditional material North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Sanma Penama Motalava anto North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Mota Lava South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo 0 12.5 25 50 75 Central Pentecost 1 Kilometers Gaua West Malo Malokilikili Merelava Central Pentecost 2 North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Erakor Eratap / % of households living in dwellings with North walls made of traditional materials Erromango Vanuatu=42.8% South Erromango 1.2% - 15.1% (15) Tafea 15.2% - 28.9% (1) Aniwa 29.0% - 42.8% (6) North Tanna 42.9% - 59.4% (11) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands Futuna 59.5% - 76.1% (16) South South Tanna West Tanna 76.2% - 92.7% (17) 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Aneityum Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 6.6%, 16.3%, 34.5%, 54.6%, 67.3% and 80.8%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households living in dwellings with walls made of traditional material is: Torba (79.7%), Sanma (57%), Penama (70.8%), Malampa (63.8%), Shefa (15.6%), Tafea (67.1%), Port Vila (2.6%) and Luganville (2.5%); 54 Figure 27: Percentage of households living in dwellings with roof made of traditional material North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Sanma Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Mota Lava South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo 0 12.5 25 50 75 Central Pentecost 1 Kilometers Gaua West Malo Malokilikili Merelava Central Pentecost 2 North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Erakor Eratap / % of households living in dwellings with North roof made of traditional materials Erromango Vanuatu=45.2% South Erromango 1.5% - 16.1% (11) Tafea 16.2% - 30.6% (5) Aniwa 30.7% - 45.2% (4) North Tanna 45.3% - 60.7% (12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 60.8% - 76.3% (21) South South Tanna West Tanna 76.4% - 91.8% (13) 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Aneityum Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 9.4%, 25.2%, 38.0%, 54.5%, 70.8% and 81.4%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households living in dwellings with roof made of traditional material is: Torba (78.1%), Sanma (66.8%), Penama (64.9%), Malampa (70.0%), Shefa (20.9%), Tafea (65.1%), Port Vila (1.5%) and Luganville (11.6%); 55 Figure 28: Percentage of households living in dwellings with floor made of wood/concrete North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Penama North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Sanma anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households living in dwellings with South Erromango floor made of wood/concrete Vanuatu=65% Tafea Aniwa 12.2% - 29.8% (8) North Tanna 29.9% - 47.4% (13) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 47.5% - 65.0% (20) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 65.1% - 75.4% (12) 75.5% - 85.8% (9) 85.9% - 96.1% (4) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 20.0%, 40.1%, 56.4%, 71.3%, 82.7% and 90.8%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households living in dwellings with floor made of wood/concrete is: Torba (37.1%), Sanma (65.1%), Penama (50.5%), Malampa (64.0%), Shefa (70.1%), Tafea (34.4%), Port Vila (90.9%) and Luganville (96.1%); 56 Figure 29: Percentage of households that have electricity as main source of lightning (main grid, own generator, solar) North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Sanma Torres East S Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that have electricity as main South Erromango source of lightning (main grid, own generator, solar) Vanuatu=36.1% Aniwa 2.8% - 13.9% (33) Tafea North Tanna 14.0% - 25.0% (16) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 25.1% - 36.1% (5) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 36.2% - 54.5% (6) 54.6% - 72.9% (3) 73.0% - 91.4% (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 7.3%, 17.9%, 29.2%, 46.9%, 71.7% and 82.6%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that have electricity as the main source of lighting is: Torba (10.1%), Sanma (19.7%), Penama (6.7%), Malampa (17.7%), Shefa (41.7%), Tafea (22.1%), Port Vila (85.7%) and Luganville (71.9%); 57 Figure 29a: Percentage of households that have main grid as the main source of lighting North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Penama anto Sanma North Motalava South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that have main South Erromango grid electricity as the main source of lighting Vanuatu=28% Aniwa 0.0% - 9.3% (38) Tafea North Tanna 9.4% - 18.6% (2) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 18.7% - 28.0% (1) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 28.1% - 48.6% (4) 48.7% - 69.2% (2) 69.3% - 89.8% (4) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.5%, 16.5%, 22.2%, 33.5%, 62.0% and 75.0%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that have main grid electricity as the main source of lighting is: Torba (1.3%), Sanma (10.1%), Penama (2.5%), Malampa (6.5%), Shefa (30.5%), Tafea (8.4%), Port Vila (83.4%) and Luganville (68.0%); 58 Figure 29b: Percentage of households that have solar system or solar lamp as the main source of lighting North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Penama a Motalava nto Sanma North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Central Malekula Malampa North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that have solar system/lamp South Erromango as the main source of lighting Vanuatu=6.3% Tafea Aniwa 0.2% - 2.2% (12) North Tanna 2.3% - 4.3% (13) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 4.4% - 6.3% (6) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 6.4% - 22.1% (31) 22.2% - 37.8% (3) 37.9% - 53.6% (1) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 1.2%, 3.0%, 5.8%, 10.3%, 29.2% and 53.6%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that have solar/system lamp as the main source of lighting is: Torba (7.5%), Sanma (7.2%), Penama (3.5%), Malampa (9.9%), Shefa (7.0%), Tafea (13.1%), Port Vila (0.9%) and Luganville (1.7%); 59 Figure 29c: Percentage of households that use generator as the main source of lighting North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that use generators South Erromango as the main source of lighting Vanuatu=1.7% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 0.6% (14) North Tanna 0.7% - 1.2% (16) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 1.3% - 1.7% (10) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 1.8% - 8.3% (16) 8.4% - 14.9% (1) 15.0% - 21.5% (1) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category 0.4%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 4.3%, 9.3% and 21.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that use generators as the main source of lighting is: Torba (1.2%), Sanma (2.4%), Penama (0.7%), Malampa (1.3%), Shefa (4.2%), Tafea (0.5%), Port Vila (1.4%) and Luganville (2.2%); 60 Figure 30: Percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from well (unprotected) or river/lake/spring North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Torres Ureparapara East S Penama Sanma Motalava anto North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Kilometers Central Pentecost 2 North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Erakor Eratap / North Erromango % of households with the main source of drinking water coming from well (unprotected) or river/lake/spring South Erromango Vanuatu=11.7% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 3.9% (21) North Tanna 4.0% - 7.8% (5) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands 7.9% - 11.7% (8) Futuna South South Tanna 11.8% - 32.4% (14) West Tanna 32.5% - 53.1% (7) 53.2% - 73.8% (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.5%, 6.0%, 10.3%, 18.1%, 38.7% and 68.3%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from well or river/lake/spring is: Torba (11.9%), Sanma (19.3%), Penama (7.4%), Malampa (12.7%), Shefa (6.3%), Tafea (34.2%), Port Vila (1.3%) and Luganville (0.5%); 61 Figure 31: Percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from household or shared tank North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Torres East S Ureparapara Penama Sanma Motalava anto North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Kilometers Central Pentecost 2 North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Erakor Eratap / North Erromango % of households with the main source of drinking water coming from HH tank or shared tank South Erromango Vanuatu=34.3% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 11.4% (13) North Tanna 11.5% - 22.9% (8) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands 23.0% - 34.3% (8) Futuna South South Tanna 34.4% - 56.2% (15) West Tanna 56.3% - 78.1% (6) 78.2% - 100.0% (16) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 4.0%, 16.7%, 28.2%, 45.7%, 72.5% and 91.1%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from HH tank and shared tank is: Torba (57.5%), Sanma (43.7%), Penama (60.5%), Malampa (42.1%), Shefa (42.8%), Tafea (10.6%), Port Vila (7.8%) and Luganville (26.9%); 62 Figure 32: Percentage of households with main toilet facility being a pit latrine (private or shared) or none North Torres West Santo Torba Torres North Maewo Torres East S Penama Ureparapara Sanma anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Mota Lava South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Kilometers Central Pentecost 2 North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Port VilaErakor n Erakor Eratap / North Erromango % of households with main toilet facility South Erromango being a pit latrine (private or shared) or none Vanuatu=48.0% Tafea Aniwa 4.7% - 19.1% (9) North Tanna 19.2% - 33.6% (6) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 33.7% - 48.0%(12) Futuna South South Tanna 48.1% - 65.3% (12) West Tanna 65.4% - 82.6% (10) 82.7% - 100.0% (17) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 15.5%, 28.9%, 40.1%, 58.0%, 72.6% and 93.4% %, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households with main toilet facility being a pit latrine or none is: Torba (46.4%), Sanma (61.1%), Penama (88.4%), Malampa (58.3%), Shefa (40.2%), Tafea (53.9%), Port Vila (9.6%) and Luganville (22.3%); 63 Figure 33: Percentage of households that use wood/coconut shells as main source of cooking energy North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of households that use wood/coconut South Erromango shells as main source of cooking energy Vanuatu=85.2% Tafea Aniwa 47.5% - 60.1% (1) North Tanna 60.2% - 72.1% (3) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 72.2% - 85.2% (4) South South Tanna West Tanna 85.3% - 90.1% (1) 90.2% - 95.0% (4) 95.1% - 100.0% (53) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 47.5%, 70.3%, 80.4%, 87.1%, 92.2% and 99.1, respectively; For each province, the percentage of households that use wood/coconut shells as main source of cooking energy is: Torba (99.2%), Sanma (97.2%), Penama (96.8%), Malampa (98.1%), Shefa (86.2%), Tafea (98.4%), Port Vila (47.5%) and Luganville (74.2%); 64 D. EDUCATION 65 Figure 34: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with no schooling North Tor res Tor res Torba Tor res Urepar apara West Santo Van u a La va Motalava Mota Gaua Merelava North Maewo East S Sanma Penama anto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili 0 62.5 125 250 375 Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of adults (age 15+) with no schooling Vanuatu=16.5% Tafea Aniwa 1.9% - 7.5% (9) North Tanna 7.6% - 12.8% (13) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 12.9% - 18.8% (15) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 18.9% - 27.3% (13) 27.4% - 37.9% (8) 38.0% - 56.1% (8) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 5.0%, 9.7%,15.8%, 23.3%, 30.8% and 43.1%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of adults (age 15+) with no schooling is: Torba (25.6%), Sanma (21.8%), Penama (19.4%), Malampa (13.4%), Shefa (13.1%), Tafea (39.2%), Port Vila (4.7%) and Luganville (4.8%); 66 Figure 34a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with no schooling North Tor res Tor res Torba Tor res Urepar apara West Santo Van u a La va Motalava Mota Gaua Merelava North Maewo East S Sanma Penama anto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili 0 62.5 125 250 375 Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of women (age 15+) with no schooling Vanuatu=18.1% Tafea Aniwa 1.4% - 7.5% (6) North Tanna 7.6% - 12.8% (12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 12.9% - 18.8% (15) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 18.9% - 27.3% (13) 27.4% - 37.9% (11) 38.0% - 56.1% (8) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 5.0%, 9.9%, 16.2%, 23.7%, 31.2% and 44.7%, respectively For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) with no schooling is: Torba (28.8%), Sanma (23.7%), Penama (22.2%), Malampa (14.2%), Shefa (13.9%), Tafea (42.6%), Port Vila (5.0%) and Luganville (5.1%); 67 Figure 34b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with no schooling North Tor res Tor res Torba Tor res Urepar apara West Santo Van u a La va Motalava Mota Gaua Merelava North Maewo East S Sanma Penama anto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili 0 62.5 125 250 375 Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age 15+) with no schooling Vanuatu=14.8% Tafea Aniwa 2.4% - 7.5% (10) North Tanna 7.6% - 12.8% (16) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 12.9% - 18.8% (15) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 18.9% - 27.3% (11) 27.4% - 37.9% (7) 38.0% - 58.9% (7) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 4.5%, 11.5%, 16.2%, 23.4%, 34.9% and 44.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) with no schooling is: Torba (22.2%), Sanma (19.9%), Penama (16.7%), Malampa (12.6%), Shefa (12.4%), Tafea (35.4%), Port Vila (4.4%) and Luganville (4.6%); 68 Figure 35: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with primary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of adults (age 15+) with primary education Vanuatu=49.1% Tafea Aniwa 21.7% - 46.9% (13) North Tanna 47.0% - 52.7% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 52.8% - 57.9% (12) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 58.0% - 65.2% (13) 65.3% - 71.4% (11) 71.5% - 77.8% (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 39.1%, 50.9%, 55.1%, 62.6%, 68.5% and 73.8%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of adults (age 15+) with primary education is: Torba (58.6%), Sanma (55.2%), Penama (54.0%), Malampa (62.8%), Shefa (55.1%), Tafea (37.5%), Port Vila (35.3%) and Luganville (42.4%); 69 Figure 35a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with primary education North Torres West Santo Sanma Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Penama Ureparapara a Motalava nto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of women (age 15+) with primary education Vanuatu=49.1% Tafea Aniwa 19.2% - 46.9% (14) North Tanna 47.0% - 52.7% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 52.8% - 57.9% (11) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 58.0% - 65.2% (14) 65.3% - 71.4% (10) 71.5% - 77.8% (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 39.5%, 49.3%, 54.7%, 63.1%, 69.4% and 73.0%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) with primary education is: Torba (56.4%), Sanma (54.3%), Penama (53.3%), Malampa (63.3%), Shefa (55.7%), Tafea (35.2%), Port Vila (36.7%) and Luganville (43.4%); 70 Figure 35b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with primary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age 15+) with primary education Vanuatu=49.0% Aniwa 24.5% - 46.9% (14) Tafea North Tanna 47.0% - 52.7% (12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 52.8% - 57.9%(13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 58.0% - 65.2% (10) 65.3% - 71.4% (12) 71.5% - 77.8% (5) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 40.8%, 50.3%, 55.6%, 61.8%, 66.5% and 73.8%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) with primary education is: Torba (60.8%), Sanma (56%), Penama (54.8%), Malampa (62.3%), Shefa (54.4%), Tafea (40.1%), Port Vila (34.0%) and Luganville (41.5%); 71 Figure 36: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with secondary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of adults (age 15+) with secondary Vanuatu=25.1% Tafea Aniwa 3.3% - 8.5% (8) North Tanna 8.6% - 13.1% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 13.2% - 17.5% (10) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 17.6% - 22.1% (21) 22.2% - 31.2% (11) 31.3% - 45.0% (2) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 7.2%, 11.4%, 14.8%, 19.4%, 25.4% and 36.1%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of adults (age 15+) with secondary education is: Torba (12.2%), Sanma (16.5%), Penama (21.3%), Malampa (17.7%), Shefa (21.8%), Tafea (13.5%), Port Vila (45.0%) and Luganville (41.0%); 72 Figure 36a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with secondary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of women (age 15+) with secondary Vanuatu=24% Tafea Aniwa 2.3% - 8.5% (11) North Tanna 8.6% - 13.1% (11) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 13.2% - 17.5% (14) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 17.6% - 22.1%(18) 22.2% - 31.2% (9) 31.3% - 45.0%(3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 7.5%, 12.2%, 16.6%, 20.1%, 26.9% and 41.0%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) with secondary education is: Torba (11.7%), Sanma (15.5%), Penama (19.8%), Malampa (16.5%), Shefa (21.2%), Tafea (12.3%), Port Vila (44.6%) and Luganville (41.1%); 73 Figure 36b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with secondary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age 15+) with secondary Vanuatu=26.2% Tafea Aniwa 4.6% - 8.5% (4) North Tanna 8.6% - 13.1% (12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 13.2% - 17.5% (14) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 17.6% - 22.1% (17) 22.2% - 31.2% (15) 31.3% - 45.0% (3) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 6.1%, 10.4%, 14.3%, 18.8%, 23.8% and 30.7%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) with secondary education is: Torba (12.7%), Sanma (17.4%), Penama (22.8%), Malampa (19.0%), Shefa (22.3%), Tafea (14.9%), Port Vila (45.5%) and Luganville (40.9%); 74 Figure 37: Percentage of adults (age 15+) with tertiary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of adults (age 15+) with tertiary education Vanuatu=4.7% Tafea Aniwa 0.3% - 1.0% (9) North Tanna 1.1% - 1.6% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 1.7% - 2.1% (10) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 2.2% - 3.2% (16) 3.3% - 5.2% (9) 5.3% - 11.8% (8) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are: 0.6%, 1.3%, 1.9%, 2.5%, 4.1% and 7.3%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of adults (age 15+) with tertiary education is: Torba (1.9%), Sanma (2.2%), Penama (2.7%), Malampa (2.4%), Shefa (5.3%), Tafea (2.3%), Port Vila (10.1%) and Luganville (6.3%); 75 Figure 37a: Percentage of women (age 15+) with tertiary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of women (age 15+) with tertiary education Vanuatu=3.8% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 1.0% (13) North Tanna 1.1% - 1.6% (15) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 1.7% - 2.1% (12) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 2.2% - 3.2% (11) 3.3% - 5.2% (8) 5.3% - 13.1% (5) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.6%, 1.3%, 1.8%, 2.7%, 3.7% and 7.3%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) with tertiary education is: Torba (1.5%), Sanma (1.7%), Penama (2.0%), Malampa (1.9%), Shefa (4.3%), Tafea (1.8%), Port Vila (8.8%) and Luganville (5.1%); 76 Figure 37b: Percentage of men (age 15+) with tertiary education North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Lava Mota Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age 15+) with tertiary education Vanuatu=5.5% Tafea Aniwa 0.0% - 1.2% (7) North Tanna 1.3% - 2.0%(8) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna 2.1% - 2.9% (6) South South Tanna West Tanna 3.0% - 4.0% (19) 4.1% - 5.8% (15) 5.9% - 13.1% (10) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.8%, 1.3%, 1.9%, 2.5%, 4.0% and 8.2%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) with tertiary education is: Torba (2.4%), Sanma (2.6%), Penama (3.5%), Malampa (3.0%), Shefa (6.3%), Tafea (2.8%), Port Vila (11.3%) and Luganville (7.5%); 77 Figure 38: Percentage of children (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of children (aged 6-13 years old) South Erromango who are not attending school Vanuatu=14.3% Tafea Aniwa 2.3% - 6.2% (10) North Tanna 6.3% - 10.3% (19) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 10.4% - 15.5% (15) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 15.6% - 21.7% (14) 21.8% - 31.7% (6) 31.8% - 51.4% (2) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 4.8%, 8.7%, 12.6%, 19.1%, 25.1% and 40.9%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of children (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school is: Torba (15.5%), Sanma (16.1%), Penama (13.5%), Malampa (9.1%), Shefa (13.7%), Tafea (24.3%), Port Vila (9.4%) and Luganville (8.8%); 78 Figure 38a: Percentage of girls (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of girls (aged 6-13 years old) South Erromango who are not attending school Vanuatu=14% Tafea Aniwa 1.6% - 6.2% (11) North Tanna 6.3% - 10.3% (18) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 10.4% - 15.5% (18) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 15.6% - 21.7% (11) 21.8% - 31.7% (6) 31.8% - 51.4% (1) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 4.7%, 8.4%, 13.0%, 19.1%, 26.1% and 44.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of girls (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school is: Torba (13.8%), Sanma (16.1%), Penama (13.1%), Malampa (9.0%), Shefa (13.3%), Tafea (24.0%), Port Vila (9.5%) and Luganville (8.7%); 79 Figure 38b: Percentage of boys (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of boys (aged 6-13 years old) South Erromango who are not attending school Vanuatu=14.5% Tafea Aniwa 2.4% - 6.2% (12) North Tanna 6.3% - 10.3% (16) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 10.4% - 15.5% (14) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 15.6% - 21.7% (14) 21.8% - 31.7% (6) 31.8% - 51.4% (4) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 4.7%, 8.8%, 12.0%, 19.0%, 24.6% and 38.9%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of boys (aged 6-13years old) who are not attending school is: Torba (17.1%), Sanma (16.1%), Penama (13.8%), Malampa (9.2%) Shefa (14.1%), Tafea (24.5%), Port Vila (9.3%) and Luganville (9.0%); 80 Figure 39: Percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in English North West Santo Torres Torba Torres North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of people (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in English Vanuatu=67% Tafea Aniwa 28.2% - 39.4% (6) North Tanna 39.5% - 50.6% (8) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 50.7% - 63.0% (12) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 63.1% - 68.4% (13) 68.5% - 77.3% (14) 77.4% - 92.7% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 34.7%, 44.3%, 55.9%, 67.2%, 73.2% and 81.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in English is: Torba (59.2%), Sanma (59.9%), Penama (63.0%), Malampa (59.5%), Shefa (74.4%), Tafea (42.1%), Port Vila (86.5%) and Luganville (77.3%); 81 Figure 39a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in English North Torres West Santo Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of women (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in English Vanuatu=64.7% Tafea Aniwa 26.3% - 39.4% (8) North Tanna 39.5% - 50.6% (9) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 50.7% - 63.0% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 63.1% - 68.4% (13) 68.5% - 77.3% (13) 77.4% - 93.6% (10) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 32.3%, 47.2%, 56.9%, 66.3%, 73.2% and 81.1%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in English is: Torba (56.0%), Sanma (58.5%), Penama (60.1%), Malampa (57.9%), Shefa (72.9%), Tafea (38.2%), Port Vila (85.8%) and Luganville (76.3%); 82 Figure 39b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in English North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Shefa Makimae Tongariki Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of men (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in English Vanuatu=69.1% Tafea Aniwa 30.4% - 39.4% (4) North Tanna 39.5% - 50.6% (7) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 50.7% - 63.0% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 63.1% - 68.4% (10) 68.5% - 77.3% (14) 77.4% - 93.6% (18) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 36.7%, 44.0%, 57.7%, 66.4%, 71.8% and 82.3%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in English is: Torba (62.5%), Sanma (61.2%), Penama (66.0%), Malampa (61.2%), Shefa (76%), Tafea (46.5%), Port Vila (87.2%) and Luganville (78.2%); 83 Figure 40: Percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of adults (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in Bislama Vanuatu=82.4% Tafea Aniwa 37.5% - 55.0% (4) North Tanna 55.1% - 72.5% (10) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 72.6% - 81.2% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 81.3% - 86.1% (12) 86.2% - 90.1% (13) 90.2% - 97.7% (14) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 45.6%, 64.1%, 79.1%, 83.6%, 87.3% and 91.9%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama is: Torba (76.0%), Sanma (78.9%), Penama (78.5%), Malampa (84.6%), Shefa (89.6%), Tafea (56.0%), Port Vila (95.2%) and Luganville (87.2%); 84 Figure 40a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of women (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in Bislama Vanuatu=80.4% Tafea Aniwa 33.6% - 55.0% (6) North Tanna 55.1% - 72.5% (12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 72.6% - 81.2% (14) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 81.3% - 86.1% (14) 86.2% - 90.1% (9) 90.2% - 97.7% (11) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 46.1%, 66.5%, 78.8%, 84.7%, 87.3% and 92.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama is: Torba (73.1%), Sanma (77.4%), Penama (75.6%), Malampa (83.2%), Shefa (88.6%), Tafea (51.8%), Port Vila (94.9%) and Luganville (85.9%); 85 Figure 40b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama North Torres West Santo Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of men (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in Bislama Vanuatu=84.4% Tafea Aniwa 41.9% - 55.0% (3) North Tanna 55.1% - 72.5% (8) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 72.6% - 81.2% (8) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 81.3% - 86.1% (19) 86.2% - 90.1% (11) 90.2% - 97.7% (17) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 47.3%, 64.0%, 78.0%, 84.3%, 87.8% and 93.4%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama is: Torba (79.1%), Sanma (80.4%), Penama (81.6%), Malampa (86.1%), Shefa (90.5%), Tafea (60.8%), Port Vila (95.4%) and Luganville (88.6%); 86 Figure 41: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who can read and write in French North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of adults (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in French Vanuatu=37.1% Tafea Aniwa 3.6% - 13.3% (12) North Tanna 13.4% - 21.5% (12) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 21.6% - 28.4% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 28.5% - 38.0% (17) 38.1% - 47.9% (7) 48.0% - 64.7% (5) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 10.1%, 18.6%, 25.1%, 33.3%, 42.3% and 52.8%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in French is: Torba (18.3%), Sanma (33.2%), Penama (32.4%), Malampa (37.4%), Shefa (30.7%), Tafea (28.6%), Port Vila (52.8%) and Luganville (44.9%); 87 Figure 41a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in French North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of women (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in French Vanuatu=36.6% Tafea Aniwa 3.9% - 13.3% (10) North Tanna 13.4% - 21.5% (15) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 21.6% - 28.4% (14) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 28.5% - 38.0% (15) 38.1% - 47.9% (6) 48.0% - 64.7% (6) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 10.4%, 17.0%, 26.1%, 33.2%, 39.9% and 53.1%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in French is: Torba (17.5%), Sanma (32.8%), Penama (31.6%), Malampa (36.6%), Shefa (30.3%), Tafea (27.1%), Port Vila (53.8%) and Luganville (45.0%); 88 Figure 41b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in French North West Santo Torres Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama a Motalava nto North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango % of men (age 15+) who South Erromango can read and write in French Vanuatu=37.7% Tafea Aniwa 3.3% - 13.3% (11) North Tanna 13.4% - 21.5% (8) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 21.6% - 28.4% (14) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 28.5% - 38.0% (20) 38.1% - 47.9% (8) 48.0% - 64.7% (5) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 8.3%, 17.6%, 24.7%, 33.4%, 43.5% and 54.7%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in French is: Torba (19.1%), Sanma (33.6%), Penama (33.3%), Malampa (38.2%), Shefa (31.2%), Tafea (30.3%), Port Vila (51.9%) and Luganville (44.9%); 89 E. HEALTH 90 Figure 42: Percentage of people (age 6+) who report some degree of disability North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of people (age 6+) who report some degree of disability Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=13.8% North Tanna 5.3% - 10.8% West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 10.9% - 14.1% Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 14.2% - 15.8% 15.9% - 22.5% 22.6% - 35.2% Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. People with disability refers to people who report some difficulty or cannot do at all one or more of the following activities: seeing, hearing, walking, remembering/concentrating; Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 9.0%, 12.2%, 14.8%, 17.8% and 25.7%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 6+) who report some degree of disability is: Torba (15.7%), Sanma (12.7%), Penama (14.9%), Malampa (17.1%), Shefa (17.9%), Tafea (12.0%), Port Vila (10.0%) and Luganville (10.7%); 91 Figure 42a: Percentage of women (age 6+) who report some degree of disability North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of women (age 6+) who report some degree of disability Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=14.4% North Tanna 5.3% - 10.8% West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 10.9% - 14.1% Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 14.2% - 17.1% 17.2% - 23.3% 23.4% - 40.0% Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. People with disability refers to people who report some difficulty or cannot do at all one or more of the following activities: seeing, hearing, walking, remembering/concentrating; Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 8.6%, 12.1%, 15.1%, 19.0% and 28.1%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 6+) who report some degree of disability is: Torba (16.2%), Sanma (12.4%), Penama (15.6%), Malampa (17.5%), Shefa (19.2%), Tafea (12.2%), Port Vila (10.7%) and Luganville (11.8%); 92 Figure 42b: Percentage of men (age 6+) who report some degree of disability North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age 6+) who report some degree of disability Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=13.2% North Tanna 5.3% - 9.6% West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 9.7% - 12.5% Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 12.6% - 16.6% 16.7% - 25.1% 25.2% - 32.0% Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. People with disability refers to people who report some difficulty or cannot do at all one or more of the following activities: seeing, hearing, walking, remembering/concentrating; Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 8.7%, 11.5%, 14.5%, 21.5% and 28.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 6+) who report some degree of disability is: Torba (15.3%), Sanma (13%), Penama (14.2%), Malampa (16.7%), Shefa (16.7%), Tafea (11.7%), Port Vila (9.4%) and Luganville (9.6%); 93 Figure 43: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who smoke North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Sanma North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor North Erromango / South Erromango % of adults (age 15+) who smoke Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=24.5% North Tanna 14.6% - 20.2% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 20.3% - 22.4% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 22.5% - 24.6% (13) 24.7% - 27.6% (13) 27.7% - 36.5% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 17.9%, 21.5%, 23.2%, 26.0% and 30.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of adults (age 15+) who smoke is: Torba (27.0%), Sanma (27.9%), Penama (24.8%), Malampa (21.8%), Shefa (24.0%), Tafea (22.9%), Port Vila (25.6%) and Luganville (23.4%); 94 Figure 43a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who smoke North West Santo Torres Torres Torba Penama North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Sanma anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 West Malo Malokilikili Gaua 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor North Erromango / South Erromango % of women (age15+) who smoke Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=4.3% North Tanna 0.0% - 1.0% (14) Middle Bush Tanna West Tanna Whitesands Futuna 1.1% - 1.6% (13) South South Tanna West Tanna 1.7% - 2.8% (13) 2.9% - 4.9% (13) 5.0% - 12.1% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.7%, 1.3%, 2.2%, 3.6% and 6.7%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) who smoke is: Torba (2.9%), Sanma (4.3%), Penama (2.8%), Malampa (1.6%), Shefa (5.1%), Tafea (1.4%), Port Vila (8.8%) and Luganville (6.2%); 95 Figure 43b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who smoke North Torres West Santo Torba Torres Sanma North Maewo Penama East S Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age15+) who smoke Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=44.8% North Tanna 30.6% - 39.5% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 39.6% - 43.3% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 43.4% - 45.5% (13) 45.6% - 51.2% (13) 51.3% - 72.5% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 36.5%, 41.6%, 44.8%, 47.0% and 55.4%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of male (age 15+) who smoke is: Torba (52.5%), Sanma (50.6%), Penama (47.2%), Malampa (43.5%), Shefa (42.7%), Tafea (46.8%), Port Vila (41.4%) and Luganville (40.6%); 96 Figure 44: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who consume alcohol North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Ureparapara Penama anto Motalava North Sanma Santo South Maewo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor North Erromango / South Erromango % of adults (age 15+) who consume alcohol Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=9.8% North Tanna 0.0% - 1.8% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 1.9% - 3.8% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 3.9% - 6.1% (13) 6.2% - 8.9% (13) 9.0% - 23.0% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 0.9%, 2.5%, 4.3%, 7.8% and 14.9%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) who consume alcohol is: Torba (2.0%), Sanma (5.7%), Penama (2.2%), Malampa (6.5%), Shefa (12.8%), Tafea (7.4%), Port Vila (20.6%) and Luganville (7.8%); 97 Figure 44a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who consume alcohol North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Penama Ureparapara Sanma anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of women (age15+) who consume alcohol Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=3% North Tanna 0% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 0.1% - 0.3% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 0.4% - 0.7% (13) 0.8% - 1.5% (13) 1.6% - 8.6% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are: 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.6%, 1.0% and 3.2%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) who consume alcohol is: Torba (0.1%), Sanma (0.6%), Penama (0.4%), Malampa (1.5%), Shefa (3.6%), Tafea (0.8%), Port Vila (8.6%) and Luganville (2.4%); 98 Figure 44b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who consume alcohol North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age15+) who consume alcohol Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=16.8% North Tanna 0.0% - 3.0% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 3.1% - 6.6% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 6.7% - 11.7% (13) 11.8% - 17.5% (13) 17.6% - 40.0%(13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are: 1.5%, 5.0%, 8.8%, 15.6% and 25.4%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) who consume alcohol: Torba (4.0%), Sanma (10.7%), Penama (4.1%), Malampa (11.9%), Shefa (21.8%), Tafea (14.8%), Port Vila (31.8%) and Luganville (13.2%); 99 Figure 45: Percentage of adults (age 15+) who consume kava North Torres West Santo Torres Torba North Maewo Torres East S Penama Ureparapara anto Motalava Sanma North South Maewo Santo Vanua North Ambae East Lava Mota South East Santo Ambae West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor North Erromango / South Erromango % of adults (age 15+) who consume kava Aniwa Vanuatu=30.8% North Tanna 16.8% - 26.6% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 26.7% - 28.9% (13) Tafea Futuna South South Tanna 29.0% - 32.4% (13) West Tanna 32.5% - 35.8% (13) 35.9% - 52.5% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are: 22.4%, 27.6%, 31.6%, 33.8% and 41.3%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of people (age 15+) who consume kava: Torba (41.3%), Sanma (30.1%), Penama (34.0%), Malampa (28.4%), Shefa (31.1%), Tafea (27.5%), Port Vila (31.6%) and Luganville (28.9%); 100 Figure 45a: Percentage of women (age 15+) who consume kava North Torres West Santo Torba Torres North Maewo East S Sanma Penama Torres Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Shefa Makimae Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of women (age15+) who consume kava Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=8.3% North Tanna 0.0% - 1.9% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 2.0% - 4.6% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 4.7% - 8.6% (13) 8.7% - 11.9% (13) 12.0% - 40.4% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are: 1.3%, 3.6%, 6.7%, 9.9% and 18.5%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of women (age 15+) who consume kava: Torba (18.8%), Sanma (4.4%), Penama (5.8%), Malampa (5.5%), Shefa (12.0%), Tafea (2.1%), Port Vila (13.1%) and Luganville (10.9%); 101 Figure 45b: Percentage of men (age 15+) who consume kava North Torres West Santo Torres Torba Penama North Maewo East S Torres Sanma Ureparapara anto Motalava North South Maewo Santo North Ambae East Vanua South East Santo Ambae Lava Mota West Santo West Ambae Canal - South Ambae South Fanafo North Pentecost Santo Canal - Fanafo Central Pentecost 1 Gaua West Malo Malokilikili 0 12.5 25 50 75 Merelava Central Pentecost 2 Kilometers North East Malekula South Pentecost North West Malekula Malampa Central Malekula North Ambrym South East West Malekula Ambrym South East Ambrym South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Shefa Makimae Nguna Emau Malorua North Efate Malorua Mele Eto Erakor Port Vila n Eratap Erakor / North Erromango South Erromango % of men (age15+) who consume kava Tafea Aniwa Vanuatu=53.5% North Tanna 37.4% - 46.9% (14) West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands 47.0% - 53.5% (13) Futuna South South Tanna West Tanna 53.6% - 56.1% (13) 56.2% - 62.8% (13) 62.9% - 80.9% (13) Aneityum 0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers Source: Population and Housing Census, 2009. Note: Number in () next to the category range shows the number of AC that fall into that category; The median values for each category are 44.9%, 49.9%, 55.3%, 61.1% and 66.6%, respectively; For each province, the percentage of men (age 15+) who consume kava: Torba (65.0%), Sanma (54.8%), Penama (62.7%), Malampa (52.9%), Shefa (50%), Tafea (55.7%), Port Vila (49.1%) and Luganville (46.9%); 102 F. LOCATION OF FACILITIES 103 Figure 46a: Map of schools and roads in Torba / Torba province Primary Primary and Secondary Secondary Roads and access roads 0 5 10 20 30 40 Kilometers Torres Torres Torres Torres Torres Ureparapara Motalava Vanua Lava Mota Gaua Merelava Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 104 Figure 46b: Map of schools and roads in Sanma / Sanma province Primary schools Primary/Secondary schools Secondary schools Roads and road access 0 3.5 7 14 21 28 Kilometers North West Santo East Santo North Santo South East Santo West Santo Canal - Fanafo South Santo Luganville Canal - Fanafo West Malo Malokilikili Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 105 Figure 46c: Map of schools and roads in Penama / Penama province North Maewo Primary schools Primary/Secondary schools Secondary schools Roads and access roads 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 Kilometers South Maewo North Ambae East Ambae West Ambae South Ambae North Pentecost Central Pentecost 1 Central Pentecost 2 South Pentecost Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 168.16987, -16.111063 106 Figure 46d: Map of schools and roads in Malampa North East Malekula North West Malekula Central Malekula North Ambrym West Ambrym South East Ambrym South East Malekula South West Malekula South Malekula Paama Paama / Malampa province Schools Primary schools Primary/Secondary schools Secondary schools Roads and access roads 0 4 8 16 24 32 Kilometers Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 107 Figure 46e: Map of schools and roads in Shefa Vermali Varisu Vermaul South Epi North Tongoa Tongariki Tongariki Tongariki Makimae Makimae / Nguna Emau Nguna Malorua North Efate Shefa province Primary schools Malorua Primary/Secondary schools Mele Secondary schools Erakor Eton Roads and access roads Port Vila Ifira Pango Erakor Eratap 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 Kilometers Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 108 Figure 46f: Map of schools and roads in Tafea / Tafea province Primary schools North Erromango Primary/Secondary schools Secondary schools Roads and access roads South Erromango 0 4 8 16 24 32 Kilometers Aniwa North Tanna West Tanna Middle Bush Tanna Whitesands Futuna South West Tanna South Tanna Aneityum Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 109 Figure 47a: Map of health facilities and roads in Torba / Torba province ( ! Hospital ! ( Health Center ( ! Dispensary Roads and access roads 0 5 10 20 30 40 Kilometers Torres Torres Torres ( ! Torres Torres ( ! Ureparapara Motalava ! ( Vanua Lava ( ! Mota ! ( ( ! ( ! Gaua ! ( ( ! Merelava Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 110 Figure 47b: Map of health facilities and roads in Sanma / Sanma province ! ( Hospital ( ! Health Center ! ( Dispensary Roads and road access ( ! 0 3.5 7 14 21 28 Kilometers ( ! North West Santo ( ! East Santo ! ( ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ! ( North Santo ( ! ! ( South East Santo ( ! West Santo ( ! Canal - Fanafo South Santo ! ( ! ( Luganville ! ( Canal - Fanafo ( ! ! ( ( ! West Malo Malokilikili ( ! Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 111 Figure 47c: Map of health facilities and roads in Penama / ( ! Penama province North Maewo ( ! Hospital ! ( Health Center ( ! Dispensary ! ( Roads and access roads ( ! 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 Kilometers ( ! South Maewo ( ! ( ! ! ( ( ! North Ambae East ( Ambae ! ( ! ! ( ! ( West Ambae South Ambae ( ! ! ( ( ! ( ! ! ( Pentecost North ( ! ( ! Central Pentecost 1 ( ! ! ( ! ( ( ! Central Pentecost 2 ! ( ! ( ( ! South Pentecost ( ! ( ! ! ( Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 168.16987, -16.111063 112 Figure 47d: Map of health facilities and roads in Malampa ! ( ( ! ! ( North East Malekula ( ! ! ( ( ! North West Malekula ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ! ( Central Malekula North Ambrym ( ! ! ( ( ! ! ( West Ambrym ! ( South East Ambrym ( ! South East Malekula ( ! ( ! ! ( South West Malekula ( ! ( ! South Malekula ! ( Paama ( ! ! ( Paama ( ! ! ( / Malampa province ( ! Hospital ! ( Health Center ( ! Dispensary Roads and access roads 0 4 8 16 24 32 Kilometers Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 113 Figure 47e: Map of health facilities and roads in Shefa ( ! Vermali ! ( ( ! Varisu Vermaul ! ( South Epi ( ! ! ( North Tongoa ( ! Tongariki ! ( Tongariki ( ! Tongariki ! ( Makimae Makimae ! ( Nguna / ! ( Shefa province Emau ! ( Nguna ( ! Hospital Malorua ( ! ( ! Health Center ! ( North Efate ( ! Dispensary ( ! Malorua # National Office Mele # Provincial Office ( ! Erakor # Malaria Storage Eton Roads and access roads ( # # Port Vila Ifira ! # Pango Erakor ( ! Eratap 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 Kilometers Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 114 Figure 47f: Map of health facilities and roads in Tafea / Tafea province ! ( ( ! Hospital North Erromango ! ( ( ! Health Center ( ! ( ! Dispensary South Erromango # Provincial Office Roads and access roads 0 4 8 16 24 32 Kilometers Aniwa ( ! North Tanna ( ! ! ( West Tanna ( ! Middle Bush Tanna ( ! ! ( ( ! ! ( Whitesands ( ! # ! ( ( ! ! ( Futuna ( ! South West Tanna ! ( South Tanna Aneityum ( ! Source: Vanuatu National Statistics Office 115 ANNEX 1: TABULATIONS OF INDICATORS REPORTED IN THE MAPS, BY AREA COUNCIL Table A: Household wellbeing indicators Area Council Number of Number of Number of Poverty Distribution Population Average GINI The households individuals the poor headcount of the poor density monthly coefficient inequality individuals ratio (per km2) consumption ratio (the (PCAE) 90th/10th percentile ratio) TORBA 1,766 9,189 1,466 17.8% 5.2% 10.6 13,717 0.320 4.66 Gaua 314 1,623 76 4.7% 0.3% 5.2 20,043 0.328 4.22 Vanua Lava 328 1,831 81 4.4% 0.3% 5.4 21,293 0.340 4.62 Torres 286 1,549 194 12.5% 0.7% 13.5 16,360 0.352 4.62 Motalava 339 1,576 366 23.2% 1.4% 45.0 11,881 0.318 4.03 Mota 139 666 222 33.4% 0.8% 66.6 9,843 0.301 3.79 Merelava 134 659 106 16.0% 0.4% 34.7 15,445 0.357 5.10 Ureparapara 226 1,285 422 32.8% 1.6% 31.3 15,361 0.511 5.31 SANMA 6,660 31,495 1,530 7.2% 7.9% 7.5 17,660 0.320 3.86 Malokilikili 436 1,882 28 1.5% 0.1% 13.9 24,487 0.311 4.09 West Malo 530 2,309 76 3.3% 0.3% 48.1 20,451 0.303 3.92 North West Santo 271 1,243 23 1.9% 0.1% 2.7 23,291 0.321 4.14 South Santo 1,509 7,305 390 5.3% 1.5% 17.3 17,076 0.294 3.63 South East Santo 1,073 5,249 545 10.4% 2.0% 20.4 15,344 0.315 3.95 North Santo 781 3,907 114 2.9% 0.4% 3.8 23,287 0.333 4.38 West Santo 547 2,651 41 1.5% 0.2% 3.0 27,823 0.336 4.55 East Santo 850 3,725 89 2.4% 0.3% 6.1 19,176 0.276 3.43 Canal - Fanafo 663 3,224 223 6.9% 0.8% 8.9 16,898 0.302 3.84 PENAMA 6,620 29,926 2,145 7.6% 8.1% 24.9 20,538 0.350 5.15 North Maewo 494 2,141 294 13.8% 1.1% 15.9 17,212 0.362 5.39 South Maewo 287 1,415 163 11.5% 0.6% 8.3 19,454 0.373 5.75 South Pentecost 934 4,415 303 6.9% 1.1% 23.4 22,608 0.361 5.41 North Pentecost 1,166 5,506 429 7.8% 1.6% 60.5 20,655 0.689 5.26 Central Pentecost 2 901 3,739 395 10.6% 1.5% 26.1 19,532 0.367 5.58 South Ambae 260 1,443 68 4.7% 0.3% 10.7 26,412 0.376 5.62 116 Area Council Number of Number of Number of Poverty Distribution Population Average GINI The households individuals the poor headcount of the poor density monthly coefficient inequality individuals ratio (per km2) consumption ratio (the (PCAE) 90th/10th percentile ratio) North Ambae 633 2,852 78 2.7% 0.3% 28.5 26,610 0.344 4.87 East Ambae 469 2,019 13 0.7% 0.0% 45.9 29,268 0.332 3.65 West Ambae 909 3,832 52 1.4% 0.2% 30.4 27,316 0.307 4.13 Central Pentecost 1 567 2,564 350 13.7% 1.3% 38.3 17,121 0.359 5.30 MALAMPA 7,991 36,060 3,069 9.5% 11.6% 12.9 16,215 0.310 3.91 North West Malekula 947 4,334 523 12.1% 1.9% 12.7 14,614 0.293 3.93 North East Malekula 1,489 6,482 1,144 17.7% 4.3% 37.3 15,688 0.362 5.52 Central Malekula 1,209 5,463 412 7.6% 1.5% 14.7 19,139 0.342 4.65 South East Malekula 813 3,988 231 5.8% 0.9% 14.4 18,398 0.299 3.98 West Ambrym 497 2,407 52 2.2% 0.2% 8.7 21,961 0.279 3.68 North Ambrym 671 3,012 143 4.8% 0.5% 15.6 16,821 0.262 3.33 South East Ambrym 419 1,691 248 14.7% 0.9% 8.1 12,429 0.261 3.35 Paama 391 1,542 19 1.2% 0.1% 24.5 22,753 0.263 3.40 South Malekula 855 4,030 119 3.0% 0.4% 17.3 19,276 0.269 3.45 South West Malekula 700 3,111 178 5.7% 0.7% 4.7 18,319 0.293 3.92 SHEFA 6,875 33,771 3,188 13.0% 14.2% 22.8 19,112 0.400 5.74 Eratap 721 3,763 115 3.1% 0.4% 51.5 31,890 0.399 5.83 South Epi 205 1,086 117 10.8% 0.4% 10.3 19,215 0.775 5.49 Vermaul 238 1,121 115 10.2% 0.4% 6.4 18,549 0.363 4.95 Vermali 427 1,814 238 13.1% 0.9% 30.2 16,740 0.356 4.83 Varisu 358 1,485 149 10.0% 0.6% 14.0 18,877 0.365 5.04 North Tongoa 344 1,715 576 33.6% 2.1% 59.1 11,237 0.372 5.23 Tongariki 212 1,003 262 26.2% 1.0% 52.8 12,944 0.369 5.44 Makimae 202 912 134 14.7% 0.5% 24.6 15,209 0.339 4.55 Emau 115 602 74 12.2% 0.3% 75.3 16,873 0.351 4.63 North Efate 485 2,494 174 7.0% 0.6% 29.3 22,145 0.382 5.25 Nguna 301 1,259 229 18.2% 0.9% 39.3 14,010 0.339 4.66 Eton 476 2,254 98 4.3% 0.4% 7.0 27,915 0.381 5.55 Pango 432 2,174 104 4.8% 0.4% 362.3 35,445 0.488 6.62 Ifira 212 1,156 195 16.9% 0.7% 1156.0 16,726 0.385 5.93 Erakor 1,082 5,628 336 6.0% 1.3% 52.1 19,215 0.669 5.86 117 Area Council Number of Number of Number of Poverty Distribution Population Average GINI The households individuals the poor headcount of the poor density monthly coefficient inequality individuals ratio (per km2) consumption ratio (the (PCAE) 90th/10th percentile ratio) Malorua 233 1,017 42 4.2% 0.2% 4.2 30,562 0.419 6.24 Mele 832 4,288 231 5.4% 0.9% 62.1 26,576 0.397 5.89 TAFEA 5,853 32,374 4,494 10.3% 12.0% 19.8 16,920 0.350 4.42 Futuna 106 481 56 11.6% 0.2% 43.7 13,982 0.285 3.63 Aniwa 84 341 27 8.0% 0.1% 42.6 16,512 0.301 3.93 North Erromango 223 1,318 45 3.4% 0.2% 2.4 22,268 0.318 4.30 South Erromango 101 599 76 12.8% 0.3% 1.7 16,740 0.336 4.98 Aneityum 186 901 50 5.5% 0.2% 5.6 20,046 0.320 4.42 South Tanna 227 1,014 187 18.4% 0.7% 40.6 13,736 0.330 4.48 South West Tanna 669 4,251 1,001 23.6% 3.7% 31.0 12,359 0.331 4.65 Whitesands 1,224 6,438 734 11.4% 2.7% 51.5 16,231 0.327 4.44 West Tanna 1,437 8,275 1,336 16.1% 5.0% 84.4 15,828 0.360 5.26 North Tanna 791 4,244 506 11.9% 1.9% 42.9 16,158 0.335 4.47 Middle Bush Tanna 805 4,512 476 10.6% 1.8% 58.6 16,146 0.318 4.26 PORT VILA 9,055 43,276 7,963 18.4% 29.6% 1,803.2 24,163 0.340 4.54 LUGANVILLE 2,553 12,792 3,019 23.6% 11.2% 511.7 16,873 0.350 4.52 VANUATU 47,373 228,883 26,875 12.3% N/A 18.7 19,089 0.351 4.72 118 Table A: Household wellbeing indicators Average % of households number of that have fewer % of households Asset durable goods than 2 durable that own motor Area Council index per household goods vehicle/boat/canoe TORBA 5.12 1.54 78.4% 31.5% Gaua 5.77 1.95 73.6% 32.8% Vanua Lava 6.32 2.28 65.5% 33.2% Torres 4.60 1.22 81.8% 31.1% Motalava 5.21 1.42 77.6% 16.5% Mota 4.23 1.11 86.3% 40.3% Merelava 4.06 0.81 93.3% 24.6% Ureparapara 4.21 1.20 87.2% 48.7% SANMA 6.96 3.20 54.3% 16.3% Malokilikili 8.02 3.96 42.7% 7.3% West Malo 6.90 3.35 50.6% 17.5% North West Santo 5.00 1.62 80.1% 34.7% South Santo 6.24 2.67 61.1% 15.6% South East Santo 8.71 4.42 39.5% 14.1% North Santo 5.96 2.52 62.5% 18.8% West Santo 4.73 1.54 83.2% 16.5% East Santo 8.09 3.93 43.2% 16.1% Canal - Fanafo 7.51 3.67 44.0% 16.4% PENAMA 6.27 2.66 63.2% 10.9% North Maewo 5.53 2.07 70.9% 14.2% South Maewo 6.15 2.94 56.4% 36.9% South Pentecost 6.44 2.75 62.0% 16.5% North Pentecost 5.89 2.41 66.9% 10.4% Central Pentecost 2 5.00 1.66 79.9% 4.7% South Ambae 5.51 2.19 70.8% 5.4% North Ambae 6.39 2.74 60.2% 11.2% East Ambae 9.19 4.68 36.7% 7.5% West Ambae 6.98 3.24 53.0% 9.0% Central Pentecost 1 6.16 2.44 65.6% 4.8% MALAMPA 6.62 3.04 55.9% 23.7% North West Malekula 6.15 2.54 61.4% 13.6% 119 Average % of households number of that have fewer % of households Asset durable goods than 2 durable that own motor Area Council index per household goods vehicle/boat/canoe North East Malekula 6.86 3.32 52.3% 35.1% Central Malekula 8.48 4.21 40.2% 22.6% South East Malekula 6.41 2.84 57.6% 10.8% West Ambrym 6.50 3.04 51.1% 13.1% North Ambrym 5.76 2.39 65.4% 11.0% South East Ambrym 5.00 1.81 76.8% 2.1% Paama 5.44 2.23 71.4% 30.4% South Malekula 5.81 2.63 61.2% 45.4% South West Malekula 7.31 3.60 47.9% 31.9% SHEFA 10.04 5.19 34.7% 18.1% Eratap 11.31 6.12 27.7% 20.9% South Epi 6.80 3.48 48.8% 14.1% Vermaul 7.79 3.66 44.1% 14.3% Vermali 6.85 3.10 54.1% 28.3% Varisu 5.14 1.82 76.8% 7.5% North Tongoa 5.57 2.25 70.1% 7.6% Tongariki 6.16 2.65 66.0% 13.2% Makimae 8.20 4.38 37.6% 12.4% Emau 7.96 4.17 34.8% 13.9% North Efate 10.34 5.44 28.2% 19.4% Nguna 8.81 4.79 30.6% 10.0% Eton 8.94 4.59 36.3% 7.1% Pango 15.41 8.19 9.7% 25.9% Ifira 13.54 7.60 9.9% 28.8% Erakor 10.67 5.58 31.4% 16.7% Malorua 12.34 7.14 14.6% 43.3% Mele 13.47 7.10 16.7% 20.7% TAFEA 5.95 2.34 69.6% 13.2% Futuna 5.63 1.61 72.6% 17.0% Aniwa 6.14 3.15 59.5% 65.5% North Erromango 6.84 3.29 48.9% 29.1% South Erromango 5.24 2.20 68.3% 14.9% Aneityum 6.01 1.92 69.9% 34.4% 120 Average % of households number of that have fewer % of households Asset durable goods than 2 durable that own motor Area Council index per household goods vehicle/boat/canoe South Tanna 6.20 2.52 66.1% 15.9% South West Tanna 4.77 1.45 81.5% 5.5% Whitesands 5.12 1.81 76.1% 13.2% West Tanna 8.40 4.06 48.7% 12.6% North Tanna 4.83 1.53 80.5% 14.2% Middle Bush Tanna 4.71 1.39 83.9% 3.7% PORT VILA 7.28 7.30 15.3% 20.9% LUGANVILLE 6.43 6.88 15.0% 19.4% VANUATU 7.09 4.20 46.1% 18.3% 121 Table B: Sources of livelihood indicators Average Average Average Livestock number of number of Average number of Area Council index livestock cattle number of pigs poultry TORBA 0.71 13.68 1.30 1.54 10.15 Gaua 1.01 18.24 2.20 1.97 12.81 Vanua Lava 0.56 10.76 1.23 0.94 8.58 Torres 0.74 14.50 1.17 1.68 11.63 Motalava 0.37 7.20 0.66 1.07 5.47 Mota 0.52 10.27 0.35 0.45 9.47 Merelava 1.06 22.12 0.00 3.14 12.99 Ureparapara 0.91 17.36 2.63 2.06 12.61 SANMA 1.38 23.39 6.59 2.04 13.55 Malokilikili 2.10 37.02 14.95 1.64 19.72 West Malo 1.21 23.53 2.92 4.44 15.37 North West Santo 1.75 27.30 5.32 3.66 17.13 South Santo 1.04 18.24 4.89 1.54 11.54 South East Santo 1.10 19.89 4.48 0.89 12.99 North Santo 1.92 29.45 10.29 1.50 15.34 West Santo 1.05 18.07 4.67 2.33 9.42 East Santo 2.12 33.15 12.33 3.08 16.10 Canal - Fanafo 0.83 14.80 1.72 1.83 10.03 PENAMA 1.17 22.78 1.73 3.82 16.62 North Maewo 1.07 21.00 1.74 5.61 13.54 South Maewo 1.25 25.03 1.39 4.44 16.79 South Pentecost 0.85 16.29 2.09 2.97 11.12 North Pentecost 1.21 23.85 1.66 4.73 16.85 Central Pentecost 2 1.02 19.73 1.38 4.26 14.02 South Ambae 1.43 28.17 2.62 6.97 17.02 North Ambae 1.33 26.37 1.33 4.21 20.42 East Ambae 1.10 21.34 3.10 2.70 13.42 West Ambae 1.54 30.57 1.17 1.98 26.94 Central Pentecost 1 1.07 18.70 1.86 2.75 13.66 MALAMPA 0.85 16.07 2.22 2.14 11.44 North West Malekula 0.79 14.78 2.70 0.90 10.53 North East Malekula 0.73 12.93 2.44 1.61 8.45 122 Average Average Average Livestock number of number of Average number of Area Council index livestock cattle number of pigs poultry Central Malekula 0.78 14.85 1.52 1.53 11.61 South East Malekula 0.80 15.59 1.51 1.74 12.26 West Ambrym 1.05 20.38 2.19 3.37 14.72 North Ambrym 0.88 17.15 1.42 3.20 12.45 South East Ambrym 1.34 25.98 3.42 4.72 17.54 Paama 0.83 16.38 0.84 1.35 14.17 South Malekula 0.67 12.91 1.98 3.80 6.67 South West Malekula 1.11 20.88 4.23 1.40 15.11 SHEFA 0.89 16.61 1.86 2.52 11.12 Eratap 1.29 24.31 3.54 1.25 19.15 South Epi 1.60 29.95 5.50 2.48 19.69 Vermaul 1.92 31.74 5.01 3.03 18.81 Vermali 0.77 14.90 1.36 1.65 11.66 Varisu 0.79 15.22 1.47 1.73 11.78 North Tongoa 1.61 32.32 3.12 7.88 14.91 Tongariki 1.80 36.60 1.37 9.32 19.53 Makimae 1.21 23.74 2.49 6.85 13.01 Emau 0.91 18.59 0.19 3.24 13.45 North Efate 1.01 18.72 4.72 2.41 10.86 Nguna 0.78 15.48 0.61 2.92 11.37 Eton 0.74 14.20 1.74 1.93 10.12 Pango 0.67 10.11 0.30 2.60 6.68 Ifira 0.45 9.11 0.08 2.04 6.81 Erakor 0.47 7.86 0.85 0.74 6.02 Malorua 0.60 11.39 0.49 2.28 8.45 Mele 0.48 8.87 0.55 1.90 6.22 TAFEA 0.92 16.84 1.59 3.90 10.18 Futuna 1.37 27.61 0.00 1.56 26.06 Aniwa 0.68 13.80 0.00 4.57 8.60 North Erromango 0.74 14.19 1.94 1.10 10.53 South Erromango 2.09 38.30 10.65 1.07 25.96 Aneityum 0.69 13.52 1.14 1.24 10.94 South Tanna 0.66 12.78 1.54 2.54 7.85 South West Tanna 1.00 19.09 1.70 7.06 9.25 123 Average Average Average Livestock number of number of Average number of Area Council index livestock cattle number of pigs poultry Whitesands 0.63 12.64 0.48 4.01 7.02 West Tanna 0.96 18.25 1.12 4.71 11.62 North Tanna 0.85 15.42 2.61 2.54 8.66 Middle Bush Tanna 1.30 19.07 2.25 3.34 11.20 PORT VILA 0.99 3.42 0.37 0.75 1.52 LUGANVILLE 1.12 7.32 1.65 0.97 3.67 VANUATU 1.02 15.23 2.21 2.28 9.89 124 Table B (Continued): Sources of livelihood indicators % of households that … Grow selected Grow Area Council Have cattle Have pigs Have poultry cash crop coconut Grow kava TORBA 29.7% 55.9% 79.3% 24.0% 71.3% 68.8% Gaua 47.1% 63.1% 85.4% 26.1% 69.4% 86.0% Vanua Lava 28.7% 42.7% 72.0% 16.5% 54.0% 70.7% Torres 30.8% 63.6% 91.6% 46.2% 65.4% 73.4% Motalava 17.4% 48.7% 57.2% 23.9% 74.3% 24.2% Mota 17.3% 33.1% 84.2% 29.5% 95.7% 93.5% Merelava 0.0% 79.9% 90.3% 8.2% 76.1% 61.9% Ureparapara 49.6% 66.4% 89.4% 9.7% 84.5% 92.0% SANMA 52.6% 51.7% 81.4% 50.3% 68.3% 69.2% Malokilikili 67.4% 36.9% 89.7% 75.2% 89.2% 56.4% West Malo 54.9% 82.6% 80.8% 76.2% 79.6% 53.8% North West Santo 69.4% 84.9% 94.8% 96.7% 95.9% 88.2% South Santo 49.0% 52.6% 81.5% 53.3% 72.1% 77.1% South East Santo 19.1% 30.6% 73.9% 20.6% 40.1% 45.7% North Santo 80.4% 51.0% 92.3% 57.0% 80.5% 82.3% West Santo 67.6% 82.3% 87.9% 68.4% 73.5% 94.0% East Santo 79.6% 48.5% 76.0% 48.6% 80.6% 80.9% Canal - Fanafo 17.2% 34.5% 71.2% 14.6% 37.3% 51.1% PENAMA 34.5% 66.0% 86.8% 68.2% 51.0% 83.9% North Maewo 34.4% 87.0% 91.3% 62.1% 87.9% 93.5% South Maewo 43.6% 60.6% 94.4% 68.6% 84.3% 87.1% South Pentecost 31.3% 54.8% 75.5% 67.3% 34.2% 92.7% North Pentecost 22.2% 80.5% 87.0% 56.5% 17.0% 89.8% Central Pentecost 2 41.7% 79.4% 86.7% 84.5% 25.0% 95.3% South Ambae 59.2% 47.3% 92.3% 62.3% 96.5% 69.2% North Ambae 29.2% 62.1% 91.9% 71.1% 72.0% 77.4% East Ambae 36.0% 57.6% 87.2% 51.2% 39.9% 59.3% West Ambae 33.9% 54.2% 92.6% 84.3% 88.1% 67.3% Central Pentecost 1 43.4% 55.9% 79.2% 60.1% 46.2% 90.1% MALAMPA 43.0% 51.5% 81.2% 72.4% 87.8% 57.6% North West Malekula 51.6% 40.0% 83.4% 90.0% 92.8% 58.1% North East Malekula 45.8% 36.4% 74.2% 93.3% 94.4% 22.8% 125 % of households that … Grow selected Grow Area Council Have cattle Have pigs Have poultry cash crop coconut Grow kava Central Malekula 28.9% 49.2% 78.3% 62.4% 64.4% 28.0% South East Malekula 36.4% 54.7% 82.5% 88.3% 95.9% 74.7% West Ambrym 50.9% 60.8% 90.1% 18.5% 92.2% 30.4% North Ambrym 47.1% 64.8% 90.5% 39.6% 83.8% 83.6% South East Ambrym 57.5% 80.2% 76.4% 47.3% 92.6% 90.9% Paama 31.2% 51.4% 92.8% 34.8% 88.2% 76.5% South Malekula 38.6% 63.0% 75.7% 83.0% 89.5% 90.6% South West Malekula 51.4% 49.1% 83.9% 95.6% 93.3% 86.3% SHEFA 23.6% 45.8% 61.8% 45.4% 51.5% 32.1% Eratap 9.2% 32.5% 59.2% 47.3% 51.3% 17.9% South Epi 81.0% 41.5% 93.7% 29.8% 88.8% 53.2% Vermaul 61.8% 70.6% 92.0% 68.9% 89.9% 78.2% Vermali 45.4% 48.0% 71.0% 29.0% 72.1% 54.8% Varisu 49.2% 46.9% 89.9% 37.7% 67.3% 79.1% North Tongoa 67.2% 79.4% 89.8% 13.7% 89.0% 89.5% Tongariki 41.5% 78.3% 92.5% 41.5% 66.5% 88.7% Makimae 57.9% 79.7% 87.6% 26.2% 70.8% 67.8% Emau 6.1% 62.6% 80.0% 89.6% 88.7% 50.4% North Efate 34.4% 51.5% 70.1% 55.7% 52.4% 30.9% Nguna 19.9% 55.1% 85.7% 81.1% 48.5% 25.2% Eton 26.7% 35.3% 63.7% 58.6% 44.5% 34.9% Pango 1.2% 23.4% 34.7% 46.1% 37.0% 1.6% Ifira 3.3% 61.3% 50.9% 53.8% 43.9% 1.4% Erakor 3.1% 24.3% 37.6% 42.7% 33.2% 8.2% Malorua 3.9% 55.8% 57.5% 59.2% 37.8% 4.3% Mele 2.4% 49.4% 37.1% 36.2% 26.4% 9.0% TAFEA 42.5% 76.5% 89.5% 63.1% 55.8% 72.3% Futuna 0.0% 47.2% 91.5% 43.4% 17.9% 14.2% Aniwa 0.0% 96.4% 97.6% 35.7% 3.6% 2.4% North Erromango 46.2% 47.1% 91.0% 95.1% 56.5% 45.7% South Erromango 66.3% 43.6% 95.0% 96.0% 93.1% 75.2% Aneityum 17.2% 43.0% 87.1% 86.6% 35.5% 76.9% South Tanna 54.6% 64.8% 85.0% 72.7% 36.1% 82.4% South West Tanna 48.4% 80.6% 91.9% 64.3% 39.3% 81.0% 126 % of households that … Grow selected Grow Area Council Have cattle Have pigs Have poultry cash crop coconut Grow kava Whitesands 25.5% 84.6% 91.5% 19.0% 68.1% 70.3% West Tanna 37.8% 82.9% 85.5% 72.8% 32.2% 61.0% North Tanna 59.7% 64.2% 88.6% 78.6% 83.3% 86.9% Middle Bush Tanna 63.4% 86.6% 92.2% 81.0% 81.9% 92.0% PORT VILA 0.4% 4.0% 9.1% 3.1% 2.1% 0.8% LUGANVILLE 2.5% 8.8% 31.0% 12.1% 10.3% 9.3% VANUATU 29.5% 44.6% 63.6% 45.3% 49.5% 47.9% 127 Table B (Continued): Sources of livelihood indicators % of households that … Are involved Ratio of in fishing discourage Are (marine or Are Report Report sale of d workers involved fresh water) involved in wages/salary fish/crops/hand Labor force Labor force Labor force to working- in any for fishing for as a main icrafts as a main participation participation participation age fishing subsistence subsistenc source of source of Area Council rate rate (women) rate (men) population activity only e and sale income income TORBA 77.1% 68.4% 86.2% 1.2% 76.8% 60.1% 18.3% 13.6% 61.2% Gaua 81.3% 71.0% 91.9% 1.1% 71.0% 62.4% 3.8% 11.8% 54.8% Vanua Lava 73.5% 63.8% 81.6% 1.7% 81.4% 67.7% 15.9% 30.8% 38.4% Torres 77.5% 71.7% 83.9% 3.3% 89.9% 74.1% 27.6% 9.8% 66.1% Motalava 68.6% 51.6% 88.7% 0.2% 77.3% 49.9% 26.5% 10.9% 79.9% Mota 74.3% 63.4% 86.7% 0.0% 57.6% 5.0% 52.5% 7.9% 14.4% Merelava 82.7% 82.9% 82.4% 0.8% 80.6% 77.6% 2.2% 5.2% 85.8% Ureparapara 87.4% 86.5% 88.4% 0.3% 70.4% 66.8% 6.6% 8.8% 83.2% SANMA 78.9% 72.7% 84.9% 1.9% 48.7% 43.1% 6.5% 16.63% 67.3% Malokilikili 75.7% 67.2% 83.5% 2.7% 39.0% 37.4% 1.1% 12.6% 84.2% West Malo 77.6% 72.5% 82.4% 5.7% 38.7% 35.1% 3.8% 13.6% 65.8% North West Santo 80.6% 72.2% 89.2% 0.0% 76.4% 72.0% 5.9% 4.4% 95.2% South Santo 78.7% 74.4% 82.9% 2.2% 63.4% 58.6% 6.8% 8.8% 60.6% South East Santo 74.6% 62.8% 85.7% 2.1% 35.0% 31.1% 4.1% 42.5% 45.9% North Santo 81.7% 75.4% 87.6% 0.6% 56.9% 50.7% 6.7% 7.8% 87.7% West Santo 86.1% 83.0% 89.2% 0.8% 65.8% 65.6% 0.7% 4.6% 93.1% East Santo 76.2% 72.7% 79.6% 1.8% 35.3% 17.3% 18.0% 9.9% 64.1% Canal - Fanafo 83.0% 76.9% 88.6% 0.7% 33.6% 30.8% 5.7% 31.1% 54.3% PENAMA 79.6% 73.0% 86.3% 0.7% 36.1% 29.2% 7.5% 12.1% 67.9% North Maewo 69.2% 50.6% 88.2% 0.5% 55.9% 31.4% 26.1% 8.7% 32.6% South Maewo 89.4% 86.7% 92.4% 0.1% 78.4% 75.6% 9.4% 8.7% 79.4% South Pentecost 86.9% 82.9% 91.0% 1.5% 45.7% 41.8% 3.9% 6.7% 83.0% North Pentecost 76.6% 69.5% 83.7% 0.3% 40.9% 29.8% 11.7% 11.8% 76.8% Central Pentecost 2 86.3% 81.5% 91.6% 0.1% 25.0% 21.3% 2.7% 5.5% 82.9% South Ambae 84.6% 83.7% 85.4% 0.0% 41.9% 27.3% 20.0% 6.5% 56.9% North Ambae 82.5% 80.0% 84.9% 0.4% 31.8% 28.4% 3.8% 13.6% 70.5% 128 % of households that … Are involved Ratio of in fishing discourage Are (marine or Are Report Report sale of d workers involved fresh water) involved in wages/salary fish/crops/hand Labor force Labor force Labor force to working- in any for fishing for as a main icrafts as a main participation participation participation age fishing subsistence subsistenc source of source of Area Council rate rate (women) rate (men) population activity only e and sale income income East Ambae 75.5% 68.7% 82.3% 0.5% 26.0% 24.7% 1.3% 38.4% 36.2% West Ambae 67.4% 56.5% 77.9% 2.1% 22.1% 18.6% 3.6% 16.7% 50.5% Central Pentecost 1 84.3% 78.0% 91.1% 0.3% 21.9% 17.3% 5.6% 8.6% 82.4% MALAMPA 75.6% 64.7% 87.2% 1.1% 46.1% 40.7% 6.2% 12.1% 60.0% North West 78.1% 0.2% 36.3% 33.2% 3.1% 6.1% 56.5% Malekula 66.6% 90.3% North East Malekula 72.1% 61.5% 83.9% 1.4% 37.1% 34.5% 2.3% 6.2% 53.5% Central Malekula 69.5% 55.0% 84.5% 1.5% 58.0% 50.1% 8.5% 38.2% 26.6% South East Malekula 84.4% 78.8% 89.9% 0.7% 67.3% 65.2% 2.1% 10.8% 70.1% West Ambrym 83.4% 77.3% 90.0% 0.4% 22.1% 19.9% 2.4% 7.4% 54.3% North Ambrym 78.5% 75.6% 81.6% 1.2% 13.7% 12.8% 1.2% 7.6% 75.3% South East Ambrym 68.3% 47.0% 91.4% 0.4% 33.2% 25.8% 6.4% 6.0% 86.6% Paama 73.4% 62.4% 86.7% 0.5% 21.7% 17.6% 2.3% 11.3% 73.7% South Malekula 71.8% 54.0% 90.9% 0.3% 72.3% 53.6% 26.4% 6.1% 82.3% South West 80.0% 3.1% 70.9% 67.6% 4.7% 8.4% 63.4% Malekula 72.7% 87.5% SHEFA 66.2% 53.1% 79.1% 3.2% 43.3% 33.7% 8.9% 37.9% 46.1% Eratap 73.2% 66.2% 79.3% 2.3% 40.5% 35.9% 5.7% 56.9% 28.4% South Epi 82.4% 69.5% 95.9% 1.5% 63.9% 56.1% 6.8% 5.4% 89.8% Vermaul 75.5% 63.8% 87.9% 4.1% 58.8% 58.4% 0.8% 9.2% 84.5% Vermali 71.9% 56.8% 88.0% 3.1% 33.0% 25.3% 4.7% 11.2% 66.7% Varisu 79.1% 70.0% 88.0% 2.4% 39.1% 37.7% 1.1% 6.1% 93.6% North Tongoa 39.9% 26.5% 55.8% 16.8% 24.1% 17.4% 3.2% 7.0% 85.5% Tongariki 49.7% 36.5% 65.0% 11.3% 36.3% 29.2% 6.1% 10.8% 46.7% Makimae 75.4% 64.7% 86.7% 1.1% 59.4% 18.8% 37.6% 3.5% 77.7% Emau 53.5% 27.3% 84.7% 0.3% 43.5% 40.0% 2.6% 22.6% 65.2% North Efate 73.1% 61.0% 86.0% 0.8% 52.6% 39.2% 13.6% 29.7% 51.8% 129 % of households that … Are involved Ratio of in fishing discourage Are (marine or Are Report Report sale of d workers involved fresh water) involved in wages/salary fish/crops/hand Labor force Labor force Labor force to working- in any for fishing for as a main icrafts as a main participation participation participation age fishing subsistence subsistenc source of source of Area Council rate rate (women) rate (men) population activity only e and sale income income Nguna 67.8% 50.1% 87.2% 1.2% 55.1% 41.2% 14.0% 8.0% 72.4% Eton 76.6% 65.1% 86.7% 0.3% 37.8% 29.6% 9.9% 33.4% 61.8% Pango 61.1% 51.4% 71.1% 2.9% 39.4% 29.9% 2.5% 72.5% 11.3% Ifira 39.8% 25.0% 56.1% 10.3% 48.6% 23.6% 25.0% 24.5% 27.4% Erakor 65.6% 54.9% 75.4% 1.8% 35.5% 28.2% 7.4% 66.7% 16.9% Malorua 64.6% 43.3% 84.3% 2.8% 66.5% 36.9% 28.3% 29.2% 54.5% Mele 62.8% 44.8% 80.2% 1.9% 46.6% 40.0% 7.6% 63.9% 18.9% TAFEA 72.3% 61.6% 84.1% 2.2% 43.1% 38.5% 5.5% 13.6% 60.2% Futuna 82.3% 77.0% 89.7% 0.4% 37.7% 29.2% 6.6% 13.2% 80.2% Aniwa 80.0% 78.8% 81.3% 3.1% 83.3% 77.4% 7.1% 7.1% 8.3% North Erromango 59.8% 29.1% 89.9% 0.8% 86.1% 80.3% 28.7% 21.1% 53.4% South Erromango 72.3% 54.1% 89.3% 2.8% 81.2% 75.2% 6.9% 8.9% 64.4% Aneityum 71.8% 59.5% 84.9% 5.7% 89.8% 82.3% 15.1% 33.3% 55.4% South Tanna 78.8% 71.4% 86.7% 0.4% 71.4% 63.9% 6.6% 7.0% 67.8% South West Tanna 79.7% 72.4% 88.1% 1.6% 41.4% 33.6% 8.8% 6.3% 78.3% Whitesands 75.7% 67.8% 84.6% 1.9% 51.0% 46.8% 3.9% 8.6% 57.6% West Tanna 68.7% 57.8% 80.7% 3.7% 18.6% 15.4% 2.7% 25.6% 49.1% North Tanna 67.1% 52.9% 83.4% 1.8% 57.5% 51.6% 5.1% 5.9% 74.3% Middle Bush Tanna 72.6% 62.4% 83.9% 0.8% 22.7% 22.0% 1.0% 9.8% 58.1% PORT VILA 62.0% 53.9% 69.6% 5.3% 9.6% 7.8% 1.4% 82.0% 2.2% LUGANVILLE 59.9% 46.6% 73.2% 2.7% 17.6% 14.6% 2.6% 77.0% 4.4% VANUATU 70.8% 61.4% 80.4% 2.6% 37% 31.1% 6.0% 33.6% 46.2% 130 Table B (Continued): Sources of livelihood indicators % of the working-age population working … As unpaid As salaried In In household As self- family or Area Council employees household production employed voluntary (private or production for own workers workers government) for sale consumption TORBA 7.7% 1.5% 8.4% 8.6% 73.9% Gaua 6.6% 1.3% 12.2% 8.3% 71.7% Vanua Lava 15.8% 2.8% 9.9% 11.7% 59.7% Torres 4.6% 0.3% 6.6% 17.8% 70.7% Motalava 7.3% 2.4% 6.0% 2.0% 82.3% Mota 3.8% 0.0% 11.5% 5.6% 79.0% Merelava 3.6% 0.0% 2.6% 1.0% 92.8% Ureparapara 6.0% 1.5% 7.7% 7.2% 77.6% SANMA 12.6% 2.2% 7.3% 14.2% 63.6% Malokilikili 12.0% 1.7% 10.4% 11.7% 64.2% West Malo 5.9% 4.2% 6.8% 6.7% 76.3% North West Santo 6.1% 0.8% 5.1% 37.4% 50.5% South Santo 7.6% 2.2% 12.1% 10.6% 67.5% South East Santo 30.5% 1.9% 7.8% 8.1% 51.6% North Santo 5.6% 1.5% 7.2% 21.5% 64.2% West Santo 4.0% 0.8% 5.9% 34.1% 55.1% East Santo 9.4% 2.9% 2.8% 12.4% 72.5% Canal - Fanafo 23.3% 3.7% 2.1% 5.0% 65.9% PENAMA 7.8% 11.0% 16.2% 16.6% 48.4% North Maewo 6.9% 2.0% 10.2% 0.9% 80.0% South Maewo 6.5% 14.1% 13.8% 11.6% 54.0% South Pentecost 3.9% 7.9% 21.4% 27.5% 39.3% North Pentecost 7.2% 3.7% 24.2% 20.4% 44.5% Central Pentecost 2 3.4% 1.0% 12.7% 16.1% 66.8% South Ambae 4.4% 46.8% 10.7% 6.7% 31.3% North Ambae 7.9% 16.9% 2.4% 19.5% 53.3% East Ambae 24.5% 21.7% 5.8% 22.5% 25.6% West Ambae 11.7% 17.0% 20.4% 12.6% 38.4% Central Pentecost 1 7.4% 9.5% 24.4% 7.0% 51.8% 131 % of the working-age population working … As unpaid As salaried In In household As self- family or Area Council employees household production employed voluntary (private or production for own workers workers government) for sale consumption MALAMPA 9.3% 6.6% 18.9% 13.6% 51.7% North West Malekula 4.8% 4.3% 9.4% 10.9% 70.7% North East Malekula 6.7% 14.9% 21.7% 16.3% 40.5% Central Malekula 30.0% 12.6% 16.6% 9.2% 31.5% South East Malekula 6.2% 2.9% 28.2% 19.6% 43.1% West Ambrym 5.0% 1.3% 12.3% 14.8% 66.7% North Ambrym 4.9% 1.8% 22.0% 3.1% 68.2% South East Ambrym 7.4% 1.3% 5.8% 24.3% 61.3% Paama 7.6% 7.6% 8.5% 5.9% 70.3% South Malekula 5.0% 4.0% 17.8% 16.1% 57.2% South West Malekula 5.8% 2.7% 32.0% 16.0% 43.5% SHEFA 29.7% 7.8% 11.1% 16.9% 34.5% Eratap 40.2% 8.0% 5.5% 25.4% 20.9% South Epi 5.1% 1.0% 1.4% 0.0% 92.4% Vermaul 6.0% 2.4% 37.4% 1.9% 52.3% Vermali 9.6% 3.2% 15.1% 12.9% 59.2% Varisu 5.3% 11.8% 16.8% 4.6% 61.5% North Tongoa 11.5% 0.9% 16.4% 0.9% 70.4% Tongariki 14.2% 1.4% 37.4% 0.4% 46.6% Makimae 5.4% 0.5% 8.8% 1.2% 84.2% Emau 11.3% 44.6% 5.4% 3.0% 35.7% North Efate 26.0% 5.8% 10.8% 24.5% 32.9% Nguna 11.4% 5.9% 17.9% 28.1% 36.6% Eton 18.5% 6.6% 6.2% 55.9% 12.8% Pango 51.4% 7.9% 5.9% 8.9% 26.0% Ifira 51.1% 3.3% 13.8% 3.0% 28.9% Erakor 49.0% 11.2% 7.4% 9.5% 22.8% Malorua 27.1% 4.0% 4.8% 28.9% 35.2% Mele 38.9% 11.6% 14.2% 15.4% 20.0% TAFEA 11.9% 4.3% 11.5% 3.4% 68.8% Futuna 7.5% 4.8% 1.1% 3.2% 83.3% 132 % of the working-age population working … As unpaid As salaried In In household As self- family or Area Council employees household production employed voluntary (private or production for own workers workers government) for sale consumption Aniwa 3.2% 0.8% 3.2% 3.2% 89.7% North Erromango 12.0% 2.6% 7.4% 0.8% 77.3% South Erromango 1.7% 0.9% 7.4% 1.7% 88.3% Aneityum 19.1% 3.9% 10.7% 6.3% 60.0% South Tanna 4.7% 18.8% 2.6% 2.8% 71.1% South West Tanna 11.1% 1.2% 3.0% 1.3% 83.4% Whitesands 7.4% 1.9% 11.3% 3.8% 75.6% West Tanna 20.8% 4.7% 17.7% 2.3% 54.4% North Tanna 4.5% 2.1% 17.0% 1.6% 74.9% Middle Bush Tanna 13.2% 9.0% 9.2% 8.7% 59.9% PORT VILA 73.0% 13.8% 3.3% 1.9% 8.1% LUGANVILLE 66.0% 10.3% 4.7% 3.5% 15.6% VANUATU 26.4% 7.6% 10.8% 10.6% 44.3% 133 Table C: Household living (dwelling) conditions indicators % of households living in that have that have living in living in dwellings electricity as that have solar system dwellings with dwellings with with floor main source of main grid as or solar lamp walls made of roof made of made of lightning (main the main as the main traditional traditional concrete/ grid, own source of source of Area Council material material wood generator, solar) lighting lighting TORBA 79.7% 78.1% 37.1% 10.1% 1.3% 7.5% Gaua 80.3% 73.6% 51.9% 8.6% 0.0% 7.6% Vanua Lava 76.8% 74.1% 36.9% 18.0% 7.0% 6.7% Torres 90.9% 88.5% 35.3% 5.9% 0.0% 5.9% Motalava 77.9% 71.4% 40.1% 15.0% 0.0% 14.5% Mota 91.4% 87.8% 12.2% 3.6% 0.0% 2.9% Merelava 64.9% 65.7% 53.7% 4.5% 0.0% 3.0% Ureparapara 73.5% 88.5% 19.9% 5.8% 0.0% 5.8% SANMA 57.0% 66.8% 65.1% 19.7% 10.1% 7.2% Malokilikili 79.1% 77.1% 59.9% 9.2% 2.3% 4.1% West Malo 50.0% 70.8% 71.1% 5.1% 0.2% 4.3% North West Santo 70.1% 71.2% 46.5% 18.8% 2.2% 16.6% South Santo 64.3% 74.6% 65.9% 13.0% 2.5% 9.5% South East Santo 29.6% 45.7% 79.5% 37.1% 29.1% 1.5% North Santo 69.3% 79.1% 51.1% 8.1% 0.0% 6.9% West Santo 92.7% 91.8% 20.1% 17.4% 0.2% 17.0% East Santo 44.0% 55.4% 82.7% 27.8% 22.2% 3.4% Canal - Fanafo 43.0% 50.8% 77.1% 31.1% 17.2% 8.9% PENAMA 70.8% 64.9% 50.5% 6.7% 2.5% 3.5% North Maewo 80.8% 78.9% 59.5% 3.0% 2.2% 0.2% South Maewo 85.0% 72.5% 40.8% 2.8% 0.0% 2.8% South Pentecost 67.2% 67.5% 40.7% 11.2% 2.0% 8.2% North Pentecost 78.5% 75.5% 36.6% 3.8% 0.9% 2.7% 134 % of households living in that have that have living in living in dwellings electricity as that have solar system dwellings with dwellings with with floor main source of main grid as or solar lamp walls made of roof made of made of lightning (main the main as the main traditional traditional concrete/ grid, own source of source of Area Council material material wood generator, solar) lighting lighting Central Pentecost 2 76.5% 71.5% 23.8% 4.4% 0.9% 3.2% South Ambae 83.5% 77.7% 46.9% 4.2% 0.4% 2.7% North Ambae 73.1% 55.1% 61.1% 5.1% 4.1% 0.5% East Ambae 54.2% 41.2% 90.8% 17.9% 15.8% 1.5% West Ambae 61.3% 48.0% 84.6% 6.9% 1.1% 4.6% Central Pentecost 1 56.4% 64.7% 36.9% 7.8% 1.2% 4.9% MALAMPA 63.8% 70.0% 64.0% 17.7% 6.5% 9.9% North West 58.4% 16.5% 0.1% 16.3% Malekula 83.0% 89.7% North East Malekula 57.4% 69.2% 72.1% 9.2% 0.2% 8.4% Central Malekula 60.7% 62.9% 83.8% 49.5% 36.8% 11.4% South East Malekula 72.9% 78.0% 50.6% 8.7% 3.9% 3.7% West Ambrym 41.9% 58.4% 73.4% 18.3% 0.6% 10.3% North Ambrym 67.4% 66.8% 56.0% 9.2% 1.2% 6.4% South East Ambrym 83.5% 81.4% 32.5% 4.1% 0.0% 3.3% Paama 33.5% 43.5% 69.8% 15.3% 3.8% 10.2% South Malekula 58.1% 72.0% 60.8% 9.2% 0.2% 8.5% South West 56.7% 20.7% 2.0% 17.3% Malekula 70.6% 65.4% SHEFA 15.6% 20.9% 70.1% 41.7% 30.5% 7.0% Eratap 12.5% 20.8% 71.3% 47.9% 34.5% 4.0% South Epi 51.7% 54.1% 64.9% 6.3% 0.0% 2.9% Vermaul 10.5% 58.0% 46.2% 11.3% 0.4% 9.7% Vermali 36.5% 47.1% 49.6% 23.7% 2.3% 20.8% Varisu 76.3% 77.4% 51.4% 7.8% 0.8% 6.4% 135 % of households living in that have that have living in living in dwellings electricity as that have solar system dwellings with dwellings with with floor main source of main grid as or solar lamp walls made of roof made of made of lightning (main the main as the main traditional traditional concrete/ grid, own source of source of Area Council material material wood generator, solar) lighting lighting North Tongoa 32.6% 31.4% 60.2% 3.2% 0.9% 0.9% Tongariki 11.3% 12.3% 69.8% 4.7% 0.5% 1.9% Makimae 16.3% 25.2% 48.5% 15.8% 0.0% 15.8% Emau 6.1% 12.2% 74.8% 7.8% 0.0% 6.1% North Efate 5.2% 5.6% 81.0% 22.7% 6.6% 10.3% Nguna 11.3% 11.3% 72.4% 28.6% 0.3% 24.6% Eton 8.0% 21.8% 63.7% 22.1% 1.3% 13.9% Pango 1.2% 3.2% 88.4% 91.4% 89.8% 0.7% Ifira 6.6% 9.4% 84.9% 71.7% 70.8% 0.5% Erakor 4.3% 5.1% 74.5% 62.4% 55.9% 1.5% Malorua 1.3% 4.7% 82.8% 45.9% 9.0% 15.5% Mele 10.1% 11.8% 78.4% 79.4% 75.0% 2.4% TAFEA 67.1% 65.1% 34.4% 22.1% 8.4% 13.1% Futuna 55.7% 34.9% 17.0% 29.2% 0.0% 29.2% Aniwa 7.1% 26.2% 67.9% 53.6% 0.0% 53.6% North Erromango 35.4% 28.3% 59.2% 11.7% 0.0% 10.8% South Erromango 56.4% 69.3% 50.5% 12.9% 0.0% 12.9% Aneityum 64.0% 59.7% 75.3% 16.7% 0.5% 10.8% South Tanna 54.6% 53.7% 47.6% 16.3% 1.3% 15.0% South West Tanna 64.0% 67.3% 20.8% 3.1% 0.9% 2.1% Whitesands 78.8% 85.0% 42.3% 8.5% 1.2% 6.5% West Tanna 59.6% 54.9% 38.6% 40.3% 32.5% 7.7% North Tanna 85.1% 72.4% 14.2% 18.1% 0.1% 17.7% Middle Bush Tanna 69.6% 66.5% 22.7% 32.7% 0.1% 32.0% PORT VILA 2.6% 1.5% 90.9% 85.7% 83.4% 0.9% 136 % of households living in that have that have living in living in dwellings electricity as that have solar system dwellings with dwellings with with floor main source of main grid as or solar lamp walls made of roof made of made of lightning (main the main as the main traditional traditional concrete/ grid, own source of source of Area Council material material wood generator, solar) lighting lighting LUGANVILLE 2.5% 11.6% 96.1% 71.9% 68.0% 1.7% VANUATU 42.8% 45.2% 65.0% 36.1% 28.0% 6.3% 137 Table C (Continued): Household living conditions indicators % of households with the main with the source main source of drinking with main that use of drinking water toilet wood/ that use water coming facility Coconut generator coming from HH being a pit shells as as the from well tank or latrine main main (unprotected) shared (private or source of source of or river/lake/ tank shared) or cooking Area Council lighting spring none energy TORBA 1.2% 11.9% 57.5% 46.4% 99.2% Gaua 1.0% 10.2% 56.1% 70.1% 99.0% Vanua Lava 4.3% 27.1% 32.9% 38.1% 97.9% Torres 0.0% 15.0% 44.1% 30.1% 100.0% Motalava 0.6% 0.3% 86.4% 6.5% 99.1% Mota 0.7% 0.0% 82.0% 30.2% 100.0% Merelava 1.5% 0.0% 100.0% 76.1% 100.0% Ureparapara 0.0% 20.4% 28.3% 98.2% 99.6% SANMA 2.4% 19.3% 43.7% 61.1% 97.2% Malokilikili 2.8% 2.3% 78.4% 37.6% 97.5% West Malo 0.6% 13.0% 52.1% 64.2% 98.3% North West Santo 0.0% 32.5% 12.9% 90.4% 99.6% South Santo 1.0% 19.1% 15.5% 58.7% 97.9% South East Santo 6.5% 3.5% 61.4% 74.0% 92.2% North Santo 1.2% 51.3% 34.3% 56.6% 98.8% West Santo 0.2% 57.0% 1.8% 94.5% 99.8% East Santo 2.1% 2.9% 85.1% 35.6% 98.7% Canal - Fanafo 5.0% 8.6% 54.6% 56.6% 95.8% PENAMA 0.7% 7.4% 60.5% 88.4% 96.8% North Maewo 0.6% 11.3% 4.0% 99.2% 99.2% South Maewo 0.0% 5.9% 8.7% 87.1% 99.3% South Pentecost 1.0% 17.0% 10.7% 85.1% 97.5% 138 % of households with the main with the source main source of drinking with main that use of drinking water toilet wood/ that use water coming facility Coconut generator coming from HH being a pit shells as as the from well tank or latrine main main (unprotected) shared (private or source of source of or river/lake/ tank shared) or cooking Area Council lighting spring none energy North Pentecost 0.3% 11.6% 74.7% 93.5% 99.4% Central Pentecost 2 0.3% 7.4% 61.3% 97.2% 99.6% South Ambae 1.2% 13.8% 55.0% 100.0% 100.0% North Ambae 0.5% 1.9% 82.8% 91.8% 96.7% East Ambae 0.6% 0.0% 98.5% 83.8% 90.2% West Ambae 1.2% 0.0% 98.7% 71.3% 98.3% Central Pentecost 1 1.6% 1.2% 73.0% 82.2% 84.7% MALAMPA 1.3% 12.7% 42.1% 58.3% 98.1% North West 0.1% 27.0% 3.4% 71.3% 99.5% Malekula North East Malekula 0.6% 23.4% 41.2% 46.0% 99.1% Central Malekula 1.2% 12.3% 29.9% 55.3% 92.5% South East Malekula 1.1% 16.5% 18.0% 78.2% 98.3% West Ambrym 7.4% 1.8% 82.3% 42.1% 99.2% North Ambrym 1.6% 0.1% 79.0% 54.8% 99.1% South East Ambrym 0.7% 0.2% 72.1% 32.5% 100.0% Paama 1.3% 2.3% 77.2% 25.6% 99.5% South Malekula 0.5% 3.3% 45.5% 63.4% 98.8% South West 1.4% 11.1% 39.6% 91.6% 99.1% Malekula SHEFA 4.2% 6.3% 42.8% 40.2% 86.2% Eratap 9.3% 6.0% 37.9% 58.7% 81.1% South Epi 3.4% 5.4% 46.3% 88.8% 100.0% 139 % of households with the main with the source main source of drinking with main that use of drinking water toilet wood/ that use water coming facility Coconut generator coming from HH being a pit shells as as the from well tank or latrine main main (unprotected) shared (private or source of source of or river/lake/ tank shared) or cooking Area Council lighting spring none energy Vermaul 1.3% 13.4% 3.8% 97.9% 99.6% Vermali 0.5% 0.7% 29.0% 67.2% 98.8% Varisu 0.6% 9.5% 21.5% 47.8% 98.6% North Tongoa 1.5% 1.5% 90.1% 14.8% 98.5% Tongariki 2.4% 0.0% 96.2% 15.6% 99.5% Makimae 0.0% 0.0% 92.1% 96.5% 99.5% Emau 1.7% 2.6% 95.7% 36.5% 95.7% North Efate 5.8% 0.2% 54.6% 16.5% 92.2% Nguna 3.7% 0.3% 94.4% 63.8% 97.0% Eton 6.9% 22.5% 20.0% 44.5% 95.4% Pango 0.9% 0.7% 23.4% 19.0% 61.3% Ifira 0.5% 0.0% 45.3% 4.7% 70.3% Erakor 5.0% 3.1% 28.1% 34.8% 79.6% Malorua 21.5% 33.0% 45.9% 15.5% 87.1% Mele 2.0% 9.9% 36.3% 18.8% 71.5% TAFEA 0.5% 34.2% 10.6% 53.9% 98.4% Futuna 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 93.4% 100.0% Aniwa 0.0% 0.0% 98.8% 64.3% 98.8% North Erromango 0.9% 40.4% 26.5% 65.9% 100.0% South Erromango 0.0% 68.3% 21.8% 27.7% 100.0% Aneityum 5.4% 29.0% 0.0% 91.9% 100.0% South Tanna 0.0% 6.6% 8.4% 45.8% 97.8% South West Tanna 0.1% 37.1% 1.6% 57.2% 99.6% Whitesands 0.8% 34.6% 5.6% 37.5% 99.5% 140 % of households with the main with the source main source of drinking with main that use of drinking water toilet wood/ that use water coming facility Coconut generator coming from HH being a pit shells as as the from well tank or latrine main main (unprotected) shared (private or source of source of or river/lake/ tank shared) or cooking Area Council lighting spring none energy West Tanna 0.1% 10.4% 13.4% 51.8% 95.6% North Tanna 0.3% 45.4% 7.0% 76.2% 99.4% Middle Bush Tanna 0.5% 73.8% 13.8% 45.2% 99.0% PORT VILA 1.4% 1.3% 7.8% 9.6% 47.5% LUGANVILLE 2.2% 0.5% 26.9% 22.3% 74.2% VANUATU 1.7% 11.7% 34.3% 48.0% 85.2% 141 Table D: Education variables % of children % of adults (age 15+) with … % of adults (age 15+) who can… (aged 6- 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school TORBA 25.6% 58.6% 12.2% 1.9% 59.2% 76.0% 18.3% 15.5% Gaua 31.3% 54.9% 11.8% 1.1% 56.1% 69.2% 19.9% 17.8% Vanua Lava 25.8% 55.3% 11.4% 4.4% 55.7% 81.2% 26.2% 21.7% Torres 20.0% 53.8% 19.8% 2.9% 74.6% 81.7% 11.0% 14.0% Motalava 16.5% 71.2% 10.7% 0.9% 62.4% 84.1% 26.6% 9.3% Mota 23.9% 54.0% 19.7% 1.3% 54.0% 72.5% 3.6% 19.6% Merelava 43.1% 52.0% 3.3% 0.3% 45.5% 58.0% 18.7% 14.1% Ureparapara 29.1% 62.8% 7.2% 0.3% 55.2% 69.7% 8.5% 12.7% SANMA 21.8% 55.2% 16.5% 2.2% 59.9% 78.9% 33.2% 16.1% Malokilikili 8.4% 65.4% 18.7% 3.6% 79.0% 88.4% 27.9% 13.5% West Malo 23.3% 53.5% 16.6% 1.1% 74.3% 80.8% 38.0% 6.7% North West Santo 9.6% 73.8% 13.0% 0.4% 73.0% 90.5% 11.7% 9.2% South Santo 28.7% 47.7% 18.8% 2.4% 52.4% 73.0% 34.1% 20.2% South East Santo 14.4% 57.9% 19.4% 3.9% 67.8% 86.5% 36.8% 21.3% North Santo 30.3% 50.9% 12.2% 1.2% 50.5% 72.2% 33.6% 12.5% West Santo 48.0% 42.0% 7.2% 0.9% 35.6% 59.9% 13.3% 31.7% East Santo 9.7% 62.3% 18.8% 1.9% 69.8% 86.1% 47.9% 8.7% Canal - Fanafo 13.5% 62.6% 15.8% 1.7% 54.2% 82.6% 31.1% 11.7% PENAMA 19.4% 54.0% 21.3% 2.7% 63.0% 78.5% 32.4% 13.5% North Maewo 34.3% 46.9% 12.8% 1.9% 49.3% 58.2% 13.2% 8.8% South Maewo 27.3% 51.5% 17.8% 1.0% 74.4% 80.6% 35.3% 13.8% South Pentecost 24.6% 53.6% 18.3% 2.1% 42.7% 67.7% 38.8% 29.1% North Pentecost 18.8% 52.7% 21.9% 2.9% 68.1% 77.6% 32.5% 10.7% Central Pentecost 2 16.5% 60.6% 17.5% 1.5% 37.5% 76.9% 62.3% 16.3% South Ambae 12.8% 69.0% 14.8% 0.6% 83.3% 81.3% 17.8% 15.5% North Ambae 17.4% 56.3% 23.8% 1.6% 76.8% 89.5% 22.3% 7.7% East Ambae 12.5% 46.9% 30.5% 7.3% 85.1% 90.1% 23.8% 4.4% West Ambae 14.3% 48.2% 30.7% 4.5% 82.3% 91.9% 28.4% 5.8% 142 % of children % of adults (age 15+) with … % of adults (age 15+) who can… (aged 6- 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school Central Pentecost 1 18.1% 60.5% 17.9% 2.5% 56.4% 74.3% 25.1% 16.3% MALAMPA 13.4% 62.8% 17.7% 2.4% 59.5% 84.6% 37.4% 9.1% North West Malekula 12.5% 62.5% 16.6% 2.1% 63.4% 83.6% 51.6% 5.4% North East Malekula 15.5% 55.5% 21.1% 3.2% 39.8% 79.4% 60.2% 9.5% Central Malekula 7.5% 61.1% 25.4% 1.7% 70.9% 91.7% 31.0% 8.5% South East Malekula 14.0% 68.0% 12.6% 2.7% 67.3% 87.3% 19.0% 10.9% West Ambrym 12.5% 69.9% 14.2% 2.5% 57.6% 84.1% 40.7% 8.8% North Ambrym 21.9% 65.2% 9.4% 1.6% 50.6% 79.1% 32.5% 10.9% South East Ambrym 11.7% 72.4% 14.5% 1.3% 63.0% 90.3% 12.7% 6.6% Paama 15.8% 71.1% 9.6% 2.3% 59.0% 81.2% 23.6% 4.4% South Malekula 10.3% 63.2% 18.1% 3.0% 64.5% 86.4% 39.3% 12.3% South West Malekula 16.1% 57.8% 20.8% 2.7% 68.1% 83.2% 24.7% 11.4% SHEFA 13.1% 55.1% 21.8% 5.3% 74.4% 89.6% 30.7% 13.7% Eratap 11.2% 56.3% 21.6% 7.7% 70.3% 89.1% 32.7% 23.4% South Epi 20.1% 68.0% 7.6% 2.7% 60.9% 77.0% 5.5% 16.5% Vermaul 26.0% 57.5% 14.5% 1.1% 67.8% 84.9% 30.6% 10.3% Vermali 9.1% 65.6% 20.3% 2.3% 80.7% 87.2% 15.4% 7.0% Varisu 36.1% 48.3% 12.7% 2.1% 70.1% 84.9% 9.7% 14.1% North Tongoa 41.3% 42.5% 6.8% 2.5% 63.6% 88.6% 29.5% 6.9% Tongariki 40.7% 43.6% 10.3% 3.7% 78.9% 86.1% 14.7% 7.7% Makimae 9.0% 77.4% 10.1% 1.4% 78.3% 93.7% 18.4% 9.5% Emau 14.9% 64.6% 17.7% 0.9% 67.1% 91.1% 9.2% 2.3% North Efate 6.1% 64.2% 22.1% 6.2% 76.1% 86.1% 21.5% 8.4% Nguna 7.3% 64.5% 24.9% 1.3% 84.8% 95.8% 17.2% 6.2% Eton 17.0% 51.6% 20.2% 2.3% 65.6% 88.4% 27.2% 30.2% Pango 1.9% 48.2% 27.3% 11.8% 84.7% 92.0% 35.8% 5.9% Ifira 25.2% 37.5% 31.2% 1.9% 78.6% 80.2% 47.6% 4.5% Erakor 5.2% 52.5% 29.6% 6.7% 69.6% 93.9% 52.6% 16.8% Malorua 2.5% 68.1% 21.0% 4.1% 92.7% 96.1% 17.5% 9.4% 143 % of children % of adults (age 15+) with … % of adults (age 15+) who can… (aged 6- 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school Mele 8.4% 53.2% 24.5% 7.6% 80.2% 91.1% 33.3% 20.2% TAFEA 39.2% 37.5% 13.5% 2.3% 42.1% 56.0% 28.6% 24.3% Futuna 20.7% 44.8% 23.7% 5.2% 67.2% 79.7% 21.1% 2.3% Aniwa 43.1% 41.5% 11.3% 0.5% 41.5% 45.6% 9.2% 48.6% North Erromango 6.8% 69.8% 16.8% 4.1% 68.4% 87.3% 21.1% 5.1% South Erromango 22.8% 58.2% 14.8% 2.5% 73.2% 90.5% 10.5% 21.1% Aneityum 16.5% 50.0% 26.9% 4.7% 65.3% 81.6% 31.8% 12.8% South Tanna 25.0% 50.9% 19.1% 1.6% 43.0% 74.6% 43.9% 19.1% South West Tanna 56.1% 21.7% 5.5% 1.5% 28.2% 37.5% 22.7% 40.9% Whitesands 37.9% 39.1% 13.1% 1.9% 37.2% 55.7% 34.4% 26.3% West Tanna 34.8% 36.1% 20.0% 2.8% 51.6% 60.5% 25.0% 23.9% North Tanna 46.0% 38.3% 8.5% 1.9% 33.7% 44.0% 27.3% 21.4% Middle Bush Tanna 49.2% 32.8% 7.5% 1.6% 32.2% 50.8% 35.8% 19.1% PORT VILA 4.7% 35.3% 45.0% 10.1% 86.5% 95.2% 52.8% 9.4% LUGANVILLE 4.8% 42.4% 41.0% 6.3% 77.3% 87.2% 44.9% 8.8% VANUATU 16.5% 49.1% 25.1% 4.7% 67.0% 82.4% 37.1% 14.3% 144 Table D (Continued): Education variables % of girls (aged 6- % of women (age 15+) with … % of women (age 15+) who can … 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school TORBA 28.8% 56.4% 11.7% 1.5% 56.0% 73.1% 17.5% 13.8% Gaua 34.4% 53.1% 10.5% 0.7% 54.5% 66.5% 17.9% 15.5% Vanua Lava 27.7% 55.3% 11.5% 3.2% 53.4% 79.8% 26.5% 19.1% Torres 24.3% 49.7% 20.4% 3.1% 70.6% 78.4% 11.2% 11.2% Motalava 18.7% 69.8% 9.6% 1.1% 59.3% 82.8% 25.0% 8.0% Mota 28.8% 52.7% 17.6% 0.5% 46.3% 66.3% 3.9% 15.2% Merelava 45.4% 49.5% 2.3% 0.5% 43.1% 53.7% 16.2% 12.3% Ureparapara 34.0% 57.1% 8.1% 0.0% 51.9% 66.6% 9.2% 13.8% SANMA 23.7% 54.3% 15.5% 1.7% 58.5% 77.4% 32.8% 16.1% Malokilikili 9.8% 65.7% 17.7% 2.3% 76.6% 87.0% 26.2% 13.6% West Malo 25.1% 51.4% 16.3% 1.2% 72.0% 79.1% 38.8% 6.4% North West Santo 10.1% 73.0% 14.0% 0.0% 71.2% 91.3% 12.7% 7.7% South Santo 31.2% 46.7% 17.8% 2.0% 50.5% 70.3% 32.9% 20.2% South East Santo 15.7% 58.0% 18.3% 3.1% 65.9% 85.1% 36.9% 21.2% North Santo 32.6% 49.6% 10.7% 1.1% 50.0% 70.2% 33.5% 14.3% West Santo 51.7% 39.5% 5.9% 0.6% 32.3% 55.9% 10.9% 28.7% East Santo 10.2% 61.7% 18.8% 1.8% 71.4% 86.9% 48.9% 6.8% Canal - Fanafo 14.8% 63.1% 14.2% 1.2% 54.9% 83.0% 31.1% 14.2% PENAMA 22.2% 53.3% 19.8% 2.0% 60.1% 75.6% 31.6% 13.1% North Maewo 35.3% 45.7% 13.5% 1.6% 47.5% 57.0% 13.6% 7.5% South Maewo 29.5% 51.8% 15.0% 1.0% 73.2% 79.3% 34.7% 10.8% South Pentecost 26.2% 52.9% 17.6% 1.6% 41.1% 66.1% 38.0% 26.4% North Pentecost 23.7% 49.2% 20.4% 2.7% 64.4% 73.2% 29.7% 10.1% Central Pentecost 2 18.7% 60.4% 15.7% 0.7% 34.7% 71.6% 60.2% 15.8% South Ambae 14.9% 69.1% 12.3% 0.5% 81.3% 79.7% 17.6% 13.2% North Ambae 19.2% 56.9% 22.0% 0.7% 75.1% 87.8% 22.3% 9.5% East Ambae 16.8% 48.2% 27.2% 5.3% 79.2% 86.6% 23.2% 5.2% West Ambae 16.2% 48.3% 29.9% 3.2% 81.1% 90.3% 26.6% 5.3% Central Pentecost 1 21.9% 58.7% 16.9% 1.5% 52.9% 70.5% 26.6% 18.8% 145 % of girls (aged 6- % of women (age 15+) with … % of women (age 15+) who can … 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school MALAMPA 14.2% 63.3% 16.5% 1.9% 57.9% 83.2% 36.6% 9.0% North West Malekula 14.7% 63.4% 13.8% 1.3% 61.4% 81.0% 48.7% 5.1% North East Malekula 16.3% 56.5% 19.0% 2.9% 38.7% 78.1% 57.1% 11.6% Central Malekula 8.0% 61.1% 24.3% 1.7% 69.3% 91.0% 31.1% 8.0% South East Malekula 12.8% 69.7% 12.5% 1.9% 66.3% 87.0% 20.3% 10.0% West Ambrym 13.7% 68.8% 14.4% 1.9% 57.1% 83.5% 39.5% 8.3% North Ambrym 22.8% 64.4% 9.5% 1.1% 46.9% 76.5% 34.6% 11.3% South East Ambrym 13.3% 72.6% 13.3% 0.6% 59.6% 90.2% 12.8% 8.2% Paama 18.8% 70.8% 6.7% 2.5% 56.9% 77.5% 22.0% 4.7% South Malekula 10.5% 63.4% 18.1% 2.1% 64.6% 85.8% 38.6% 9.7% South West Malekula 16.0% 60.0% 19.8% 1.8% 67.7% 81.8% 23.6% 9.9% SHEFA 13.9% 55.7% 21.2% 4.3% 72.9% 88.6% 30.3% 13.3% Eratap 11.3% 57.5% 21.5% 6.4% 68.8% 89.0% 33.2% 21.5% South Epi 21.6% 69.2% 6.6% 0.7% 56.1% 73.4% 6.2% 13.3% Vermaul 25.1% 60.4% 12.4% 1.2% 66.9% 84.2% 27.9% 11.8% Vermali 10.5% 64.8% 19.5% 2.1% 78.4% 85.2% 15.5% 8.0% Varisu 37.4% 47.2% 12.8% 1.4% 67.0% 84.2% 11.9% 12.8% North Tongoa 44.2% 41.5% 5.8% 1.4% 60.8% 85.9% 27.3% 6.2% Tongariki 42.5% 44.0% 7.9% 3.5% 75.2% 82.4% 13.8% 11.1% Makimae 9.5% 77.0% 9.5% 1.8% 75.3% 93.3% 16.6% 10.4% Emau 16.9% 64.0% 17.4% 0.6% 63.4% 89.0% 9.9% 2.3% North Efate 7.4% 67.3% 20.4% 3.7% 73.9% 85.1% 20.9% 8.6% Nguna 8.1% 63.3% 24.8% 1.3% 83.0% 94.9% 17.0% 4.1% Eton 17.4% 52.7% 19.4% 1.6% 63.3% 85.4% 26.2% 31.0% Pango 1.4% 49.0% 27.7% 10.6% 84.3% 91.7% 38.0% 4.7% Ifira 25.7% 37.3% 31.5% 2.2% 78.8% 79.3% 47.4% 3.4% Erakor 5.8% 52.9% 30.2% 5.2% 67.7% 93.6% 52.3% 15.0% Malorua 1.7% 70.9% 19.8% 3.5% 93.6% 97.7% 16.9% 8.9% Mele 7.7% 53.8% 24.4% 7.3% 80.2% 91.4% 33.3% 21.1% 146 % of girls (aged 6- % of women (age 15+) with … % of women (age 15+) who can … 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school TAFEA 42.6% 35.2% 12.3% 1.8% 38.2% 51.8% 27.1% 24.0% Futuna 22.2% 48.1% 22.2% 3.0% 63.0% 75.6% 17.0% 1.6% Aniwa 45.2% 43.3% 7.7% 0.0% 39.4% 44.2% 9.6% 51.4% North Erromango 7.6% 70.0% 16.5% 3.7% 67.3% 87.5% 19.6% 5.8% South Erromango 26.1% 54.1% 15.3% 1.3% 68.2% 87.3% 14.6% 25.3% Aneityum 18.3% 48.0% 27.4% 4.4% 65.1% 79.4% 28.6% 13.5% South Tanna 27.9% 51.7% 14.8% 1.4% 38.6% 71.7% 40.3% 17.6% South West Tanna 58.9% 19.2% 5.4% 0.5% 26.3% 33.6% 19.4% 37.6% Whitesands 43.3% 35.1% 11.1% 1.4% 31.4% 49.8% 33.1% 25.7% West Tanna 37.8% 34.6% 19.0% 2.4% 47.4% 57.0% 25.0% 24.9% North Tanna 48.6% 35.6% 7.5% 1.9% 30.8% 39.7% 26.1% 21.7% Middle Bush Tanna 51.8% 30.9% 6.2% 1.3% 28.4% 46.1% 32.3% 18.9% PORT VILA 5.0% 36.7% 44.6% 8.8% 85.8% 94.9% 53.8% 9.5% LUGANVILLE 5.1% 43.4% 41.1% 5.1% 76.3% 85.9% 45.0% 8.7% VANUATU 18.1% 49.1% 24.0% 3.8% 64.7% 80.4% 36.6% 14.0% 147 Table D (Continued): Education variables % of boys (aged 6- % of men(age 15+) with … % of men (age 15+) who can … 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school TORBA 22.2% 60.8% 12.7% 2.4% 62.5% 79.1% 19.1% 17.1% Gaua 28.0% 56.7% 13.2% 1.6% 57.9% 72.0% 22.0% 20.1% Vanua Lava 24.2% 55.2% 11.3% 5.5% 57.7% 82.3% 26.0% 24.1% Torres 15.4% 58.3% 19.1% 2.7% 79.2% 85.4% 10.7% 16.3% Motalava 13.8% 72.9% 12.0% 0.7% 66.1% 85.7% 28.5% 10.3% Mota 18.3% 55.6% 22.2% 2.2% 62.8% 79.4% 3.3% 23.6% Merelava 39.9% 55.6% 4.6% 0.0% 49.0% 64.1% 22.2% 15.6% Ureparapara 24.1% 68.8% 6.3% 0.6% 58.6% 72.9% 7.7% 11.9% SANMA 19.9% 56.0% 17.4% 2.6% 61.2% 80.4% 33.6% 16.1% Malokilikili 7.2% 65.2% 19.6% 4.8% 81.1% 89.6% 29.5% 13.4% West Malo 21.7% 55.6% 16.8% 1.0% 76.5% 82.4% 37.2% 6.9% North West Santo 9.2% 74.7% 11.9% 0.8% 74.9% 89.8% 10.8% 10.8% South Santo 26.2% 48.7% 19.7% 2.9% 54.3% 75.6% 35.4% 20.2% South East Santo 13.3% 57.8% 20.5% 4.6% 69.7% 87.8% 36.7% 21.3% North Santo 28.0% 52.1% 13.7% 1.4% 51.1% 74.1% 33.6% 10.8% West Santo 44.1% 44.5% 8.5% 1.2% 39.0% 64.0% 15.6% 34.1% East Santo 9.2% 62.9% 18.8% 2.0% 68.1% 85.2% 47.0% 10.3% Canal - Fanafo 12.2% 62.1% 17.3% 2.2% 53.6% 82.3% 31.0% 9.5% PENAMA 16.7% 54.8% 22.8% 3.5% 66.0% 81.6% 33.3% 13.8% North Maewo 33.3% 48.2% 12.1% 2.3% 51.2% 59.4% 12.7% 10.0% South Maewo 24.9% 51.1% 20.9% 1.0% 75.8% 81.9% 35.9% 16.7% South Pentecost 23.0% 54.3% 19.1% 2.6% 44.5% 69.3% 39.7% 31.9% North Pentecost 14.0% 56.2% 23.4% 3.1% 71.8% 82.1% 35.4% 11.2% Central Pentecost 2 14.1% 60.9% 19.5% 2.4% 40.6% 82.8% 64.7% 16.8% South Ambae 10.9% 68.9% 17.2% 0.8% 85.1% 82.8% 17.9% 17.3% North Ambae 15.6% 55.7% 25.5% 2.4% 78.6% 91.3% 22.4% 6.0% East Ambae 8.2% 45.7% 33.7% 9.3% 91.0% 93.6% 24.4% 3.6% West Ambae 12.6% 48.1% 31.5% 5.8% 83.6% 93.4% 30.0% 6.2% Central Pentecost 1 14.2% 62.4% 19.0% 3.5% 60.1% 78.3% 23.5% 14.1% 148 % of boys (aged 6- % of men(age 15+) with … % of men (age 15+) who can … 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school MALAMPA 12.6% 62.3% 19.0% 3.0% 61.2% 86.1% 38.2% 9.2% North West Malekula 10.1% 61.7% 19.6% 3.1% 65.6% 86.3% 54.7% 5.6% North East Malekula 14.7% 54.3% 23.3% 3.6% 41.0% 80.8% 63.6% 7.4% Central Malekula 7.0% 61.2% 26.6% 1.8% 72.6% 92.4% 30.9% 8.8% South East Malekula 15.2% 66.3% 12.8% 3.5% 68.3% 87.6% 17.6% 11.8% West Ambrym 11.1% 71.0% 14.0% 3.2% 58.2% 84.7% 42.1% 9.2% North Ambrym 20.9% 66.2% 9.2% 2.2% 54.6% 82.0% 30.1% 10.6% South East Ambrym 9.8% 72.1% 15.7% 2.2% 66.7% 90.4% 12.7% 5.5% Paama 12.2% 71.4% 13.1% 2.1% 61.6% 85.7% 25.5% 4.1% South Malekula 10.1% 63.0% 18.0% 4.0% 64.4% 87.1% 40.2% 14.4% South West Malekula 16.2% 55.5% 21.8% 3.7% 68.5% 84.7% 25.9% 12.5% SHEFA 12.4% 54.4% 22.3% 6.3% 76.0% 90.5% 31.2% 14.1% Eratap 11.1% 55.2% 21.8% 8.7% 71.5% 89.2% 32.2% 25.2% South Epi 18.6% 66.7% 8.6% 4.8% 66.0% 80.8% 4.8% 18.7% Vermaul 26.9% 54.4% 16.7% 1.0% 68.9% 85.6% 33.4% 9.0% Vermali 7.6% 66.4% 21.1% 2.6% 83.2% 89.3% 15.3% 6.0% Varisu 34.8% 49.3% 12.7% 2.7% 73.1% 85.5% 7.7% 15.3% North Tongoa 37.8% 43.6% 7.9% 3.8% 66.9% 91.7% 32.3% 7.5% Tongariki 38.7% 43.1% 13.1% 4.0% 83.2% 90.5% 15.7% 4.7% Makimae 8.5% 77.8% 10.7% 1.1% 81.5% 94.1% 20.4% 8.8% Emau 12.5% 65.3% 18.1% 1.4% 71.5% 93.8% 8.3% 2.4% North Efate 4.8% 60.9% 23.9% 9.0% 78.4% 87.2% 22.0% 8.3% Nguna 6.4% 65.8% 25.0% 1.4% 86.7% 96.7% 17.5% 7.8% Eton 16.7% 50.5% 21.0% 3.0% 67.6% 91.0% 28.1% 29.5% Pango 2.4% 47.4% 26.9% 13.1% 85.1% 92.3% 33.6% 7.3% Ifira 24.6% 37.8% 31.0% 1.6% 78.3% 81.2% 47.9% 5.5% Erakor 4.7% 52.2% 29.0% 8.2% 71.2% 94.3% 52.9% 18.3% Malorua 3.2% 65.4% 22.2% 4.6% 91.9% 94.6% 18.1% 9.7% Mele 9.2% 52.5% 24.7% 7.8% 80.1% 90.8% 33.4% 19.4% 149 % of boys (aged 6- % of men(age 15+) with … % of men (age 15+) who can … 13 years old) who Read & Read & Read & are not No Primary Secondary Tertiary write in write in write in attending Area Council schooling education education education English Bislama French school TAFEA 35.4% 40.1% 14.9% 2.8% 46.5% 60.8% 30.3% 24.5% Futuna 18.6% 40.2% 25.8% 8.2% 73.2% 85.6% 26.8% 2.8% Aniwa 40.7% 39.6% 15.4% 1.1% 44.0% 47.3% 8.8% 45.9% North Erromango 6.0% 69.6% 17.0% 4.5% 69.6% 87.2% 22.7% 4.3% South Erromango 19.6% 61.9% 14.3% 3.6% 78.0% 93.5% 6.5% 15.1% Aneityum 14.7% 52.1% 26.5% 5.0% 65.5% 84.0% 35.3% 12.1% South Tanna 21.9% 50.0% 23.7% 1.9% 47.8% 77.8% 47.8% 20.3% South West Tanna 53.0% 24.5% 5.5% 2.5% 30.4% 41.9% 26.4% 43.7% Whitesands 31.7% 43.7% 15.4% 2.5% 43.8% 62.4% 35.9% 26.7% West Tanna 31.6% 37.8% 21.1% 3.3% 56.1% 64.3% 25.0% 23.0% North Tanna 43.0% 41.5% 9.7% 1.9% 37.0% 48.9% 28.6% 21.2% Middle Bush Tanna 46.3% 35.0% 8.9% 2.0% 36.3% 56.0% 39.6% 19.3% PORT VILA 4.4% 34.0% 45.5% 11.3% 87.2% 95.4% 51.9% 9.3% LUGANVILLE 4.6% 41.5% 40.9% 7.5% 78.2% 88.6% 44.9% 9.0% VANUATU 14.8% 49.0% 26.2% 5.5% 69.1% 84.4% 37.7% 14.5% 150 Table E: Health variables % of people (age % of adults (age 15+) who … 6+) who report Area Council some disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava TORBA 15.7% 27.0% 2.0% 41.3% Gaua 9.3% 30.5% 0.9% 52.2% Vanua Lava 14.6% 29.3% 1.8% 46.0% Torres 20.2% 32.9% 7.7% 44.5% Motalava 14.3% 17.2% 0.4% 21.7% Mota 29.0% 31.4% 0.0% 49.1% Merelava 15.2% 14.6% 0.5% 33.9% Ureparapara 15.3% 29.6% 1.2% 43.0% SANMA 12.7% 27.9% 5.7% 30.1% Malokilikili 16.4% 25.2% 8.2% 28.4% West Malo 10.8% 27.6% 14.6% 28.0% North West Santo 25.8% 31.5% 2.4% 31.6% South Santo 16.0% 25.6% 3.9% 27.4% South East Santo 8.1% 28.9% 3.8% 33.9% North Santo 10.3% 30.6% 5.2% 33.4% West Santo 20.5% 34.4% 2.7% 33.1% East Santo 9.0% 24.1% 11.2% 24.4% Canal - Fanafo 8.0% 28.1% 2.3% 32.7% PENAMA 14.9% 24.8% 2.2% 34.0% North Maewo 6.3% 22.0% 1.5% 39.5% South Maewo 21.6% 20.5% 0.7% 35.5% South Pentecost 16.8% 22.8% 0.7% 32.4% North Pentecost 16.0% 22.1% 2.7% 32.2% Central Pentecost 2 11.5% 36.5% 4.3% 39.3% South Ambae 11.5% 24.6% 1.3% 37.2% North Ambae 15.8% 28.4% 0.9% 39.3% East Ambae 22.5% 17.4% 2.8% 31.7% West Ambae 14.7% 23.1% 4.1% 30.7% Central Pentecost 1 12.7% 26.2% 0.8% 26.6% MALAMPA 17.1% 21.8% 6.5% 28.4% North West Malekula 10.9% 22.2% 6.2% 24.3% North East Malekula 13.3% 23.2% 14.9% 30.2% 151 % of people (age % of adults (age 15+) who … 6+) who report Area Council some disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava Central Malekula 12.2% 20.7% 6.2% 24.3% South East Malekula 13.9% 24.0% 6.9% 36.2% West Ambrym 19.4% 20.7% 4.0% 27.7% North Ambrym 32.3% 19.3% 1.5% 23.5% South East Ambrym 24.3% 25.4% 2.5% 33.7% Paama 35.2% 17.2% 1.9% 18.8% South Malekula 17.8% 22.8% 2.3% 35.8% South West Malekula 15.1% 20.3% 5.6% 26.4% SHEFA 17.9% 24.0% 12.8% 31.1% Eratap 14.2% 26.0% 12.1% 30.2% South Epi 15.6% 17.3% 8.7% 21.5% Vermaul 25.7% 19.4% 6.1% 32.2% Vermali 28.0% 17.9% 3.8% 29.0% Varisu 14.1% 22.4% 3.4% 32.9% North Tongoa 23.8% 22.7% 4.9% 52.5% Tongariki 25.4% 17.9% 0.7% 44.3% Makimae 23.9% 22.6% 2.2% 36.0% Emau 9.5% 14.6% 9.8% 20.9% North Efate 25.4% 23.0% 8.0% 28.3% Nguna 32.3% 18.5% 8.6% 27.3% Eton 14.9% 24.5% 12.2% 27.8% Pango 11.7% 21.4% 15.3% 22.4% Ifira 18.0% 25.9% 20.3% 28.3% Erakor 14.1% 28.8% 16.5% 35.6% Malorua 12.2% 26.1% 22.3% 32.5% Mele 15.1% 26.4% 23.0% 27.3% TAFEA 12.0% 22.9% 7.4% 27.5% Futuna 10.6% 19.4% 4.3% 16.8% Aniwa 16.8% 24.6% 5.1% 25.1% North Erromango 25.3% 26.9% 1.8% 33.4% South Erromango 20.1% 21.5% 3.4% 33.8% Aneityum 13.4% 20.2% 4.3% 32.0% South Tanna 7.8% 20.7% 8.9% 31.6% South West Tanna 5.3% 21.9% 6.7% 26.8% 152 % of people (age % of adults (age 15+) who … 6+) who report Area Council some disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava Whitesands 13.8% 24.3% 10.6% 27.0% West Tanna 11.4% 21.7% 7.3% 27.6% North Tanna 15.8% 19.5% 4.6% 22.4% Middle Bush Tanna 8.4% 27.1% 8.8% 30.2% PORT VILA 10.0% 25.6% 20.6% 31.6% LUGANVILLE 10.7% 23.4% 7.8% 28.9% VANUATU 13.8% 24.5% 9.8% 30.8% 153 Table E (Continued): Health variables % of women(age 6+) who report % of women (age 15+) who … Area Council some disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava TORBA 16.2% 2.9% 0.1% 18.8% Gaua 9.1% 3.6% 0.0% 34.6% Vanua Lava 13.5% 1.8% 0.4% 22.3% Torres 21.5% 6.1% 0.2% 14.4% Motalava 16.2% 0.8% 0.2% 1.9% Mota 29.4% 1.5% 0.0% 23.9% Merelava 14.1% 0.0% 0.0% 18.5% Ureparapara 16.4% 5.2% 0.0% 21.6% SANMA 12.4% 4.3% 0.6% 4.4% Malokilikili 18.0% 1.3% 0.0% 4.5% West Malo 10.8% 2.6% 0.7% 2.6% North West Santo 23.4% 2.9% 0.0% 1.1% South Santo 15.6% 4.0% 0.3% 2.0% South East Santo 8.3% 2.9% 1.0% 8.2% North Santo 8.9% 4.9% 0.4% 3.8% West Santo 19.6% 12.1% 0.4% 5.9% East Santo 9.6% 3.0% 1.5% 2.6% Canal - Fanafo 6.8% 4.7% 0.3% 8.2% PENAMA 15.6% 2.8% 0.4% 5.8% North Maewo 5.3% 1.2% 0.1% 9.9% South Maewo 23.3% 0.7% 0.0% 9.5% South Pentecost 18.7% 1.5% 0.2% 1.5% North Pentecost 17.6% 1.0% 0.1% 1.9% Central Pentecost 2 10.8% 3.9% 0.3% 1.7% South Ambae 11.4% 3.5% 0.3% 16.8% North Ambae 17.2% 5.7% 0.6% 11.9% East Ambae 22.9% 2.8% 0.6% 9.6% West Ambae 15.1% 5.2% 1.0% 9.9% Central Pentecost 1 12.9% 2.1% 0.5% 0.5% MALAMPA 17.5% 1.6% 1.5% 5.5% North West Malekula 10.6% 0.8% 0.7% 1.2% North East Malekula 12.7% 2.0% 5.5% 8.1% 154 % of women(age 6+) who report % of women (age 15+) who … Area Council some disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava Central Malekula 12.0% 2.4% 0.9% 3.4% South East Malekula 14.2% 1.1% 0.3% 9.8% West Ambrym 20.2% 1.5% 0.5% 4.5% North Ambrym 32.6% 2.4% 0.6% 3.6% South East Ambrym 25.9% 0.6% 0.0% 4.6% Paama 40.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.6% South Malekula 19.0% 1.9% 0.7% 10.7% South West Malekula 14.9% 0.8% 0.2% 3.7% SHEFA 19.2% 5.1% 3.6% 12.0% Eratap 14.1% 5.2% 3.1% 8.0% South Epi 17.1% 1.3% 1.0% 5.2% Vermaul 27.9% 1.2% 0.6% 10.5% Vermali 30.8% 0.5% 0.3% 5.7% Varisu 13.1% 0.2% 0.2% 9.1% North Tongoa 26.0% 2.0% 0.7% 40.4% Tongariki 28.1% 2.8% 0.0% 34.6% Makimae 26.1% 0.7% 0.4% 15.2% Emau 10.4% 1.2% 1.2% 3.5% North Efate 28.7% 2.5% 1.0% 6.4% Nguna 35.9% 1.5% 1.5% 11.9% Eton 14.7% 3.8% 1.8% 5.9% Pango 12.2% 7.6% 6.4% 7.9% Ifira 17.7% 9.9% 7.7% 12.3% Erakor 15.1% 9.6% 5.7% 16.1% Malorua 12.6% 3.5% 3.2% 6.7% Mele 16.1% 8.0% 8.3% 9.1% TAFEA 12.2% 1.4% 0.8% 2.1% Futuna 10.9% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% Aniwa 19.0% 6.7% 1.9% 6.7% North Erromango 26.9% 3.7% 0.0% 8.6% South Erromango 19.6% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% Aneityum 16.3% 2.8% 1.2% 10.3% South Tanna 6.3% 1.7% 2.1% 4.1% South West Tanna 5.3% 1.2% 0.7% 1.2% 155 % of women(age 6+) who report % of women (age 15+) who … Area Council some disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava Whitesands 15.1% 1.6% 1.1% 1.4% West Tanna 11.5% 0.9% 0.8% 1.9% North Tanna 15.2% 0.8% 0.0% 0.2% Middle Bush Tanna 7.8% 1.3% 1.0% 2.1% PORT VILA 10.7% 8.8% 8.6% 13.1% LUGANVILLE 11.8% 6.2% 2.4% 10.9% VANUATU 14.4% 4.3% 3.0% 8.3% 156 Table E (Continued): Health variables % of men (age 6+) who report some % of men (age 15+) who … Area Council disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava TORBA 15.3% 52.5% 4.0% 65.0% Gaua 9.5% 58.3% 1.9% 70.4% Vanua Lava 15.6% 52.4% 3.0% 65.8% Torres 18.9% 62.5% 15.9% 77.7% Motalava 12.3% 36.7% 0.7% 45.0% Mota 28.5% 65.6% 0.0% 77.8% Merelava 16.5% 35.3% 1.3% 55.6% Ureparapara 14.2% 54.8% 2.4% 65.2% SANMA 13.0% 50.6% 10.7% 54.8% Malokilikili 15.1% 46.7% 15.7% 49.9% West Malo 10.9% 51.2% 27.8% 51.9% North West Santo 28.3% 60.6% 4.9% 62.8% South Santo 16.4% 46.6% 7.5% 52.1% South East Santo 8.0% 53.2% 6.5% 57.8% North Santo 11.6% 55.2% 9.9% 61.8% West Santo 21.4% 57.1% 5.1% 60.9% East Santo 8.4% 44.8% 20.7% 45.8% Canal - Fanafo 9.1% 49.6% 4.0% 55.3% PENAMA 14.2% 47.2% 4.1% 62.7% North Maewo 7.3% 43.2% 2.9% 69.7% South Maewo 19.8% 41.7% 1.5% 63.4% South Pentecost 14.9% 44.9% 1.3% 64.6% North Pentecost 14.5% 43.2% 5.2% 62.3% Central Pentecost 2 12.3% 72.5% 8.7% 80.9% South Ambae 11.5% 44.7% 2.3% 56.6% North Ambae 14.6% 51.1% 1.2% 66.6% East Ambae 22.0% 32.0% 5.0% 53.7% West Ambae 14.4% 40.2% 7.0% 50.5% Central Pentecost 1 12.5% 51.6% 1.1% 54.2% MALAMPA 16.7% 43.5% 11.9% 52.9% North West Malekula 11.2% 44.8% 12.0% 48.6% North East Malekula 14.0% 46.8% 25.4% 54.7% 157 % of men (age 6+) who report some % of men (age 15+) who … Area Council disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava Central Malekula 12.3% 39.5% 11.7% 45.9% South East Malekula 13.6% 46.6% 13.5% 62.3% West Ambrym 18.7% 41.6% 7.6% 52.8% North Ambrym 32.0% 38.0% 2.4% 45.6% South East Ambrym 22.8% 52.4% 5.2% 65.3% Paama 30.1% 37.5% 4.2% 40.5% South Malekula 16.6% 45.2% 4.0% 62.8% South West Malekula 15.4% 40.4% 11.2% 49.8% SHEFA 16.7% 42.7% 21.8% 50.0% Eratap 14.4% 43.8% 19.7% 49.2% South Epi 14.3% 34.0% 16.8% 38.5% Vermaul 23.3% 38.7% 11.8% 55.1% Vermali 25.1% 36.4% 7.4% 53.6% Varisu 15.1% 43.9% 6.6% 56.1% North Tongoa 21.5% 47.2% 9.8% 66.9% Tongariki 22.6% 35.4% 1.5% 55.5% Makimae 21.9% 45.6% 4.1% 57.8% Emau 8.5% 30.6% 20.1% 41.7% North Efate 22.0% 45.0% 15.6% 51.9% Nguna 28.6% 37.2% 16.4% 44.2% Eton 15.1% 42.8% 21.4% 47.1% Pango 11.1% 35.6% 24.4% 37.4% Ifira 18.4% 43.7% 34.1% 46.0% Erakor 13.3% 46.4% 26.4% 53.5% Malorua 11.8% 47.0% 40.0% 56.5% Mele 14.1% 44.1% 37.2% 44.7% TAFEA 11.7% 46.8% 14.8% 55.7% Futuna 10.2% 43.3% 10.3% 40.2% Aniwa 14.4% 45.1% 8.8% 46.2% North Erromango 23.8% 49.6% 3.6% 57.6% South Erromango 20.7% 41.7% 6.5% 63.7% Aneityum 10.5% 38.7% 7.6% 55.0% South Tanna 9.2% 41.1% 16.3% 61.1% South West Tanna 5.3% 45.5% 13.5% 55.8% 158 % of men (age 6+) who report some % of men (age 15+) who … Area Council disability Smoke Consume alcohol Consume kava Whitesands 12.4% 50.1% 21.4% 56.0% West Tanna 11.3% 44.6% 14.3% 55.7% North Tanna 16.6% 41.0% 9.9% 48.0% Middle Bush Tanna 9.0% 55.4% 17.5% 61.2% PORT VILA 9.4% 41.4% 31.8% 49.1% LUGANVILLE 9.6% 40.6% 13.2% 46.9% VANUATU 13.2% 44.8% 16.8% 53.5% 159 ANNEX 2: DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIABLES Figure Section No. Title Description of variable The poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the basic needs poverty line in each AC. The weekly per capita basic needs poverty line is applied is VUV 2,866 for Port Vila, 1 Poverty headcount ratio VUV 2,065 for Luganville and VUV 1,564 for Rural areas. For Vanuatu, 12.6% of the population were living below the basic needs poverty line. The poverty concentration ratio shows the percentage of the total poor, in each AC. It shows the 2 Poverty concentration ratio, % of total poor concentration at AC level of the 12.6% of the population living below the basic needs poverty line. 3 Population density The number of people per square kilometers. The average monthly per capita consumption, VUV. The per capita measure applied is the UNDP A. HOUSEHOLD WELLBEING standard where a person aged under 15 years has an adult equivalent value of 0.5 and persons aged 4 Average monthly consumption per adult equivalent, Vatu 15 years and over has an adult equivalent of 1.0. Children are half because of the downward bias in per capita expenditure that tends to occur in households with more children and to make an allowance for the “economies of scale” in a household of larger size. The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality with values between 0 and 1; where values closer to 1 5 Gini coefficient (Concentration index) indicate greater inequality. The Gini coefficient shows the distribution of household expenditure at the AC level. The P90th/P10th ratio is the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile to that of the first. It is 6 Inequality ratio (90th/10th percentile ratio) total household expenditure of the 10% of households with the highest expenditure divided by the total household expenditure of the 10% of households with the lowest expenditure. The weighted average of durable goods per AC; with the weights calculated using principle component 7 Asset index analysis. The methodology for this index is in Annex 3. 8a Average number of durable goods per household The average number of durable goods per household per AC. The number of households that has two or less durable goods, as a percentage of total number of 8b Percentage of households that have fewer than two durable goods households in each AC. The number of households that own a motor vehicle, boat or canoe as a percentage of the total 9 Percentage of households that own a motor vehicle, boat or canoe number of households in each AC to show access to forms of transport. The weighted average number of livestock per household; with the weights calculated using principle 10 Livestock index component analysis. The methodology for this index is in Annex 3. B. SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD 11 Average number of livestock per household The average number of livestock per household for all households in each AC. 12a Average number of cattle per household The average number of cattle per household for all households in each AC. 12b Percentage of households that have cattle The number of households that own cattle, as a percentage of all households in each AC. 13a Average number of pigs per household The average number of pigs per household for all households in each AC. 13b Percentage of households that have pigs The number of households that own pigs or goats, as a percentage of all households in each AC. 14a Average number of poultry per household The average number of poultry per household for all households in each AC. 14b Percentage of households that have poultry The number of households that own poultry, as a percentage of all households in each AC. The number of households that grow cash crops as a percentage of all households in each AC. Cash 15a Percentage of households that grow selected cash crop crops are cocoa, coffee, sandal wood, pepper, vanilla and other cash crops. Note that coconut and kava are included separately in Figures 15b and 15c. 15b Percentage of households that grow coconut The number of households that grow coconut as a percentage of all households in each AC. 160 Figure Section No. Title Description of variable 15c Percentage of households that grow kava The number of households that grow kava as a percentage of all households in each AC. The number of people aged 15 years and over who are working or looking for work, as a percentage of 16 Labour force participation rate the total population aged 15 years and over. The number of women aged 15 years and over who are working or looking for work, as a percentage 16a Labour force participation rate for women of all women aged 15 years and over. The number of men aged 15 years and over who are working or looking for work, as a percentage of all 16b Labour force participation rate for men men aged 15 years and over. The number of people aged 15 years and over who are unemployed and discouraged, as a percentage 17 Ratio of discouraged workers to working-age population of the total population aged 15 years and over. These people are unemployed but are not actively looking for work. The number of households involved in any fishing activity as a percentage of all households in each AC. 18 Percentage of households that are involved in any fishing activity Fishing could be for marine or fresh water fish for subsistence and/or sale. Percentage of households that are involved in fishing (marine or fresh water) The number of households involved in subsistence fishing as a percentage of all households in each AC. 18a for subsistence only This excludes households which reported only selling marine or fresh water fish. The number of households involved in both subsistence and commercial fishing, as a percentage of all 18b Percentage of households that are involved in fishing for subsistence and sale households in each AC. The number of households that reported having wages or salaries as the main source of household 19 Percentage of households that report wages/salary as a main source of income income over the previous 12 months, as a percentage of all households in each AC. Percentage of households that report sale of fish/crops/handicrafts as a main The number of households that reported the sale of fish, crops and/or handicrafts as the main source 20 source of income of household income over the previous 12 months, as a percentage of all households in each AC. Percentage of people (age 15+) working as salaried employees (private or The number of people aged 15 years and over working in the private or government sector, as a 21 government) percentage of the working population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of people aged 15 years and over who are self-employed, as a percentage of the working 22 Percentage of people (age 15+) working as self-employed population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of people aged 15 years and over who are unpaid family workers or doing voluntary work, 23 Percentage of people (age 15+) working in unpaid family or voluntary work as a percentage of the working population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of people aged 15 years and over working to produce goods for sale, as a percentage of 24 Percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production for sale the working population aged 15 years and over in each AC. Percentage of people (age 15+) working in household production for own The number of people aged 15 years and over working to produce goods for the household’s own 25 consumption consumption, as a percentage of the working population aged 15 years and over in each AC. Percentage of households living in dwellings with walls made of traditional A number of households, living in dwellings with walls/roof/floor made of corresponding material, as a 26 material percentage of total number of households in the given AC (DWELLING) CONDITIONS Percentage of households living in dwellings with roof made of traditional The number of households that reported having traditional materials as the main material used for C. HOUSEHOLD LIVING 27 material their house’s roof, as a percentage of all households in each AC. D. EDUCATION The number of households that reported having wood or concrete as the main material used for their 28 Percentage of households living in dwellings with floor made of wood/concrete house’s floor, as a percentage of all households in each AC. Percentage of households that have electricity as main source of lightning The number of households using electricity (main/province grid, own generator or solar) as their main 29 (main grid, own generator, solar) source of lighting, as a percentage of all households in each AC. The number of households have electricity from a grid as their main source of lighting, as a percentage 29a Percentage of households that have main grid as the main source of lighting of all households in each AC. Percentage of households that have solar system or solar lamp as the main The number of households have a solar system or use solar lamps as their main source of lighting, as a 29b source of lighting percentage of all households in each AC. 161 Figure Section No. Title Description of variable The number of households have electricity from their own generator as their main source of lighting, 29c Percentage of households that use generator as the main source of lighting as a percentage of all households in each AC. The number of households that use an unprotected source of drinking water, as a percentage of all Percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from 30 households in each AC. Unprotected drinking water is from an unprotected well or a river, lake or well (unprotected) or river/lake/spring stream. Percentage of households with the main source of drinking water coming from The number of households that use a water tank or share a water tank for their drinking water, as a 31 household or shared tank percentage of all households in each AC. Percentage of households with main toilet facility being a pit latrine (private or The number of households that do not have a toilet or use a pit latrine, as a percentage of all 32 shared) or none households in each AC. Percentage of households that use wood/coconut shells as main source of The number of households that use wood or coconut shell as their main source of cooking energy, as a 33 cooking energy percentage of all households in each AC. The number of people aged 15 years and over who reported not having completed school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. 34 Percentage of adults (age 15+) with no schooling This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons aged 15 years and over. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported not having completed school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. 34a Percentage of women (age 15+) with no schooling This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons aged 15 years and over. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported not having completed school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. 34b Percentage of men (age 15+) with no schooling This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons aged 15 years and over. The number of people aged 15 years and over who reported having primary school as their highest D. EDUCATION level of education, as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. 35 Percentage of adults (age 15+) with primary education This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons aged 15 years and over. Primary education includes those who reported some primary and those who had a primary leaving certificate. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported having primary school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. 35a Percentage of women (age 15+) with primary education This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons aged 15 years and over. Primary education includes those who reported some primary and those who had a primary leaving certificate. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported having primary school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. 35b Percentage of men (age 15+) with primary education This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons aged 15 years and over. Primary education includes those who reported some primary and those who had a primary leaving certificate. The number of people aged 15 years and over who reported having secondary school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. 36 Percentage of adults (age 15+) with secondary education This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons aged 15 years and over. Secondary education includes those who reported having a Form 3 certificate, 162 Figure Section No. Title Description of variable Year 10 leaving certificate, Senior Secondary Certificate or University Entrance as their highest level of education completed. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported having secondary school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons 36a Percentage of women (age 15+) with secondary education aged 15 years and over. Secondary education includes those who reported having a Form 3 certificate, Year 10 leaving certificate, Senior Secondary Certificate or University Entrance as their highest level of education completed. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported having secondary school as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons 36b Percentage of men (age 15+) with secondary education aged 15 years and over. Secondary education includes those who reported having a Form 3 certificate, Year 10 leaving certificate, Senior Secondary Certificate or University Entrance as their highest level of education completed. The number of people aged 15 years and over who reported having tertiary education as their highest level of education, as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons 37 Percentage of adults (age 15+) with tertiary education aged 15 years and over. Tertiary education includes those who reported having some college but no degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctoral degree or a vocational certificate as their highest level of education completed. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported having tertiary education as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons 37a Percentage of women (age 15+) with tertiary education aged 15 years and over. Tertiary education includes those who reported having some college but no degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctoral degree or a vocational certificate as their highest level of education completed. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported having tertiary education as their highest level of education, as a percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. This data is from the census question on highest level of education completed asked to all persons 37b Percentage of men (age 15+) with tertiary education aged 15 years and over. Tertiary education includes those who reported having some college but no degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctoral degree or a vocational certificate as their highest level of education completed. The number of children aged between 6-13 years who are not attending school, as a percentage of all children aged 6-13 years in each AC. By law all children are required to be enrolled at school when or 38 Percentage of children (aged 6-13 years old) who not are attending school before they are 6 years old. The upper age limit of 13 years is used for the completion of the basic cycle of education at Year 8, assuming children enter Year 1 at age 6 years. The number of girls aged between 6-13 years who are not attending school, as a percentage of all girls aged 6-13 years in each AC. By law all children are required to be enrolled at school when or before 38a Percentage of girls (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school they are 6 years old. The upper age limit of 13 years is used for the completion of the basic cycle of education at Year 8, assuming children enter Year 1 at age 6 years. The number of boys aged between 6-13 years who are not attending school, as a percentage of all 38b Percentage of boys (aged 6-13 years old) who are not attending school boys aged 6-13 years in each AC. By law all children are required to be enrolled at school when or before they are 6 years old. The upper age limit of 13 years is used for the completion of the basic 163 Figure Section No. Title Description of variable cycle of education at Year 8, assuming children enter Year 1 at age 6 years. The number of persons aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in English, 39 Percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in English as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in English, 39a Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in English as a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in English, as a 39b Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in English percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of persons aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in Bislama, 40 Percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in Bislama, 40a Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama as a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in Bislama, as a 40b Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in Bislama percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of persons aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in French, 41 Percentage of people (age 15+) who can read and write in French as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in French, as 41a Percentage of women (age 15+) who can read and write in French a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported that they can read and write in French, as a 41b Percentage of men (age 15+) who can read and write in French percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of persons aged 6 years and over who reported having some difficulty or could not do one 42 Percentage of people who report some degree of disability or more of the following: seeing, hearing, walking, remembering/concentrating, as a percentage of the total population aged 6 years and over in each AC. The number of women aged 6 years and over who reported having some difficulty or could not do one 42a Percentage of women who report some degree of disability or more of the following: seeing, hearing, walking, remembering/concentrating, as a percentage of all women aged 6 years and over in each AC. The number of men aged 6 years and over who reported having some difficulty or could not do one or 42b Percentage of men who report some degree of disability more of the following: seeing, hearing, walking, remembering/concentrating, as a percentage of all men aged 6 years and over in each AC. The number of persons aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed cigarettes or E. HEALTH 43 Percentage of adults (age 15+) who smoke tobacco (local or imported manufactured cigarettes) as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed cigarettes or 43a Percentage of women (age 15+) who smoke tobacco (local or imported manufactured cigarettes) as a percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed cigarettes or tobacco 43b Percentage of men (age 15+) who smoke (local or imported manufactured cigarettes) as a percentage of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of persons aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed alcohol as a 44 Percentage of adults (age 15+) who consume alcohol percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed alcohol as a 44a Percentage of women (age 15+) who consume alcohol percentage of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. 44b Percentage of men (age 15+) who consume alcohol The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed alcohol as a percentage 164 Figure Section No. Title Description of variable of all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of persons aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed kava as a 45 Percentage of adults (age 15+) who consume kava percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of women aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed kava as a percentage 45a Percentage of women (age 15+) who consume kava of all women aged 15 years and over in each AC. The number of men aged 15 years and over who reported that they consumed kava as a percentage of 45b Percentage of men (age 15+) who consume kava all men aged 15 years and over in each AC. 46a Map of education facilities and roads in Torba 46b Map of education facilities and roads in Sanma 46c Map of education facilities and roads in Penama F. LOCATION OF THE FACILITIES Location of schools (primary, secondary and primary/secondary) and roads (all roads from walking 46d Map of education facilities and roads in Malampa tracks to major roads) for each province. 46e Map of education facilities and roads in Shefa 46f Map of education facilities and roads in Tafea 47a Map of health facilities and roads in Torba 47b Map of health facilities and roads in Sanma 47c Map of health facilities and roads in Penama Location of health facilities (hospitals, health centers, dispensaries, aid-posts) and roads (all roads from 47d Map of health facilities and roads in Malampa walking tracks to major roads) for each province. 47e Map of health facilities and roads in Shefa 47f Map of health facilities and roads in Tafea 165 * all indicators in the atlas are estimated for the Area Council level. 165 ANNEX 3: METHODOLOGY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ASSET AND LIVESTOCK INDEXES The asset and livestock indexes were constructed using the statistical procedure of principal components (PCA). PCA is a multivariate statistical method used to reduce the number of variables into smaller dimensions. This statistical technique extracts common information from a set of variables and represents them as a weighted combination of the variables. The method generates uncorrelated indices or components, where the first component is a linear combination of all the variables that captures the largest variation in the original data (Filmer and Pritchett, 2001). Table 1 reports the factor scores or weights of the first component for each variable, along with the mean and standard deviation. Weights were computed separately for urban and rural areas. The asset index comprises of 15 variables and the livestock index includes 5 variables. In urban areas, we can observe that ownership of fridge/freezer, TV screen; computer, DVD Deck and motor vehicle were the variables with the highest weights, while the factor score for canoe, motor bike and generator received the lowest scores. In the rural areas, TV screen, gas stove, DVD Deck and mobile phone were the variables with the highest score. The variance of the principal component indicates the percentage of variation in the total data explained by this component. The first component accounted for 24% of the variance in both areas for the asset index and 22% in the case of the livestock index. Each household was then assigned a total score based on the sum of her standard score. Table 1: Variables included in and weights obtained from Principal component analysis Urban Rural Variables Weight Mean Std. Dev. Weight Mean Std. Dev. Asset index Motor vehicle 0.326 0.26 0.66 0.247 0.05 0.31 Motor bike 0.078 0.04 0.33 0.111 0.02 0.22 Boat 0.108 0.03 0.26 0.124 0.03 0.27 Canoe 0.059 0.03 0.26 0.036 0.16 0.48 Gas stove 0.295 0.69 0.58 0.323 0.17 0.49 Fridge/Freezer 0.367 0.44 0.68 0.293 0.07 0.36 TV screen 0.346 0.81 0.65 0.411 0.29 0.54 Radio 0.259 0.58 0.65 0.233 0.32 0.55 Computer 0.332 0.30 0.69 0.239 0.04 0.29 DVD Deck 0.323 0.78 0.70 0.406 0.31 0.60 Internet connection 0.266 0.11 0.38 0.116 0.02 0.27 Generator 0.096 0.11 0.41 0.281 0.22 0.51 Mobile Phone 0.212 2.72 1.91 0.318 1.40 1.42 Telephone 0.261 0.14 0.52 0.124 0.03 0.29 Mower 0.239 0.18 0.52 0.255 0.10 0.42 % of variance explained by the first component 0.2478 0.23 Livestock index Cattle 0.056 0.65 17.16 0.593 2.72 19.60 Pigs 0.623 0.80 20.59 0.336 2.76 15.32 Goats 0.699 0.74 20.18 0.281 0.71 14.31 Horses 0.090 0.09 2.19 0.340 0.13 1.77 Poultry 0.336 1.99 17.37 0.584 12.46 25.85 166 % of variance explained by the first component 0.2224 0.2222 167