SFG1731 V1 REV ETHNIC MINORITIES DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE I. OVERVIEW 1.1. Project description The development objective (PDO) of ‘Vietnam: Improved Land Governance and Database’ Project (VILG) is to improve efficiency and transparency in land administration services in selected provinces of Vietnam. The PDO will be achieved through the development and implementation of the national Multi-Purpose Land Information System (MPLIS), an unified system of Land Registration Offices (LROs), and a system to monitor and evaluation of land use and management, both at national and sub-national levels. The project would comprise three components, as follows: ï‚· Component 1: Strengthening Quality of Land Service Delivery. This component will support (a) modernizing and strengthening LROs to provide better land services; (b) training and providing communication systems and awareness raising for stakeholders, including implementation of ethnic minority development plans; and (c) establishing and operating a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for land-use management. The investments under this component will support quality enhancement of land service delivery by streamlining service procedures and standards, renovating facilities, and building up the capacity of personnel working in LROs in project provinces. The component will also help monitor the implementation of land use management in accordance with Land Law 2013 and progressively respond to current and emerging economic and social demandsfor better access to land information and better land services. The component will support unification of business standards and LRO working infrastructure at provincial and district levels. In addition, it will also enhance the participation of the public, corporates, and other stakeholders through communication and awareness campaigns. The activities under this component will facilitate and operationalize the technological advances that will have been brought about in Component 2 of the project and ensure better community participation. ï‚· Component 2: Establishment of MPLIS. This component will support the development of the software by funding the IT Expert Panel and implementation of software for the MPLIS; the development and implementation of the national land database through digitizing existing maps and property rights records; verification, updating and integration of cadastral data (both cadastral maps users and land use information), land price data, land use plan data, land disputes and complaints resolution information, and key land resources thematic information. It will also finance limited cadastre surveying and mapping to improve the completeness and accuracy of the existing cadastral information (about 20% of the total project costs); and the enhancement of public engagement in land information services, including the establishment of an MPLIS land portal to facilitate public access to land information based on market demands. Component 3: Project Management will support overall project management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of activities and targets. The project is expected to take place in six districts and towns in Thái Nguyên. The EM populations residing in the project sites in Thai Nguyen will also be subject to the project’s interventions. 1.2. Overview of the socio-economic status in Thai Nguyen Province Thai Nguyen Province, which is the political and economic center of Northern Region in particular, and the northeast mountainous midlands in general, is the socio-economic gateway between the mountainous midlands and the northern plains. The province is adjacent to Bac Kan Province in the north, provinces of Vinh Phuc and Tuyen Quang to the west, the provinces of Lang Son and Bac Giang to the east and Ha Noi Capital in the south (80 km). Its natural area is 3,562.82 km². The province has a natural forest area of 102,190 hectares and 44,450 hectares of plantation forest. This is a tremendous advantage for the development of forest providing inputs for artificial wood processing and paper material production. Agricultural land in the province accounts for 23% of the natural area with tea as the main annual crop. In addition to food production, the province has a relatively large area planned for grassland serving the production of cattles and dairy farming. The population in Thai Nguyen Province is 1.2 million people, including many ethnic groups. The ethnic minorities are 302,000 people (26.89%) from various groups of Tay, Nung, Dao, San Chay, San Diu, Hmong, Chinese, Thai, Muong, Ngai, Giay, Khmer, among others. The growth rate of GDP has been 11-12%/year. There has been an economic structure shifted towards increasing the share of industry, construction, services, and reducing the contribution from agriculture (farming, forestry and fisheries). Specifically, the industry and construction sectors accounted for 45% and services 38-39%, and agriculture 16-17% in 2010. The respective shares in these sectors were 46-47%, 39-40%, and 13-14% in 2015. In Thai Nguyen Province, the five major ethnic minorities are Tay, Nung, Dao, San Chay and San Diu, who resident in communities in all nine districts, towns and cities and mainly in districts such as Dai Tu, Vo Nhai and Phu Luong. According to a population survey in 2009, the province had 821,077 ethnic people, representing 26.89% of its total population. The mentioned- above five ethnic minorities accounted for 25.73% of the population, and the proportion of other ethnic groups, such as Cham, Tay, and Thai, was negligible. Table 1: Five main ethnic minorities in Thai Nguyen in 2009 No. Administrat Populati of which ethnic minorities ive units on in Total Tay Nung Dao San San Other 2009 Chay Dìu s Thai Nguyen 1.123.112 302.035 123.197 63.816 25.360 32.483 44.134 13.045 Province % 100,00 26,89 10,97 5,68 2,26 2,89 3,93 1,16 Thai Nguyen I 277.671 38.654 19.312 8.603 1.057 792 6.015 2.875 City % 100,00 13,92 6,95 3,10 0,38 0,29 2,17 1,04 Dinh Hoa III 87.089 60.877 46.004 3.437 1.971 8.339 43 1.083 District % 100,00 69,90 52,82 3,95 2,26 9,58 0,05 1,24 Phu Luong IV 105.229 46.210 20.863 5.516 2.675 11.515 4.888 753 District % 100,00 43,91 19,83 5,24 2,54 10,94 4,65 0,72 Dong Hy V 107.769 45.397 2.969 15.134 5.796 2.229 16.322 2.947 District % 100,00 42,12 2,75 14,04 5,38 2,07 15,15 2,73 Vo Nhai VI 64.241 43.637 14.583 12.997 9.075 2.741 170 4.071 District % 100,00 67,93 22,70 20,23 14,13 4,27 0,26 6,34 Dai Tu VII 159.667 43.061 15.654 12.604 4.152 6.750 3.270 631 District % 100,00 26,97 9,80 7,89 2,60 4,23 2,05 0,40 2 VII Pho Yen 137.815 11.885 1.119 450 483 30 9.570 233 I District % 100,00 8,62 0,81 0,33 0,35 0,02 6,94 0,17 Phu Binh IX 134.150 9.968 1.804 4.594 103 19 3.115 333 District % 100,00 7,43 1,34 3,42 0,08 0,01 2,32 0,25 The ethnic minority groups in Thai Nguyen Province mainly live in mountainous and midland communes of districts as Dai Tu, Vo Nhai, Phu Luong, Dong Hy, Dinh Hoa, etc. Some communes in extremely difficult situation are listed in the Prime Minister’s Decision No. 2405/QD-TTg issued on December 10, 2013. Table 2: List of communes with special difficulties and the proportion of ethnic minorities No. Administrative Popul of which ethnic minorities units ation Tota Tay Nun Dao San San Othe Tota in l g Cha Dìu rs l 2009 y Dinh Hoa District (23/24 communes I with special difficulties) Linh Thông 1 2.866 2.427 84,68 2.349 16 28 25 2 7 Commune 2 Lam Vỹ Commune 3.795 3.330 87,75 3.010 116 55 139 10 3 Quy Kỳ Commune 3.834 3.066 79,97 2.178 26 163 689 2 8 Tân Thịnh 4 4.046 3.519 86,97 1.277 19 82 2.128 1 12 Commune Kim Phượng 5 2.760 1.973 71,49 1.499 86 91 64 1 232 Commune Bảo Linh 6 2.128 1.774 83,36 1.125 29 292 260 1 67 Commune Kim SÆ¡n 7 2.156 1.530 70,96 1.153 81 248 28 2 18 Commune Phúc Chu 8 2.240 1.720 76,79 1.197 204 278 29 1 11 Commune Tân DÆ°Æ¡ng 9 3.080 2.455 79,71 1.316 357 14 697 71 Commune Phượng Tiến 10 3.480 2.892 83,10 2.629 54 15 161 3 30 Commune Bảo CÆ°á»?ng 11 3.825 2.840 74,25 1.989 635 26 37 153 Commune Ä?ồng Thịnh 12 4.008 3.098 77,30 2.266 613 42 169 1 7 Commune Ä?ịnh Biên 13 2.416 2.089 86,47 1.854 118 13 69 3 32 Commune Thanh Ä?ịnh 14 3.736 2.760 73,88 2.580 92 59 26 3 Commune Trung Há»™i 15 4.536 2.393 52,76 1.739 474 52 98 1 29 Commune 16 Trung LÆ°Æ¡ng 3.659 2.006 54,82 1.879 66 17 37 4 3 3 Commune Bình Yên 17 3.169 2.322 73,27 2.191 22 30 77 1 1 Commune Ä?iá»?m Mặc 18 4.138 2.864 69,21 2.762 10 8 79 2 3 Commune Phú Tiến 19 2.827 2.135 75,52 2.076 34 8 9 8 Commune Bá»™c Nhiêu 20 3.712 2.115 56,98 2.072 8 9 16 4 6 Commune 21 SÆ¡n Phú Commune 4.669 2.981 63,85 1.315 23 8 1.634 1 Phú Ä?ình 22 5.420 3.703 68,32 2.006 13 402 1.281 1 Commune Bình Thành 23 4.601 2.328 50,60 1.793 26 5 494 3 7 Commune Phu Luong District (7/16 II communes with special difficulties) Yên Ninh 1 6.424 4.930 76,74 2.844 350 1.070 640 8 18 Commune Yên Trạch 2 6.008 5.485 91,29 5.338 31 51 55 5 5 Commune 3 Yên Lạc Commune 6.740 3.227 47,88 271 197 64 2.665 6 24 Ôn LÆ°Æ¡ng 4 3.100 2.561 82,61 2.491 26 14 8 7 15 Commune 5 Phủ Lý Commune 2.822 2.106 74,63 1.966 52 59 15 12 2 6 Phú Ä?ô Commune 5.369 3.052 56,84 66 103 4 2.732 11 136 Hợp Thành 7 2.432 1.989 81,78 1.959 18 3 6 3 Commune Dong Hy District (7/18 communes III with special difficulties) Văn Lăng 1 4.555 3.081 67,64 174 691 809 21 26 1360 Commune Tân Long 2 5.373 4.042 75,23 79 2.513 422 240 22 766 Commune Văn Hán 3 9.567 4.243 44,35 80 3.496 28 547 75 17 Commune 4 Cây Thị Commune 3.109 1.670 53,72 14 253 835 560 8 Hợp Tiến 5 5.759 3.693 64,13 42 48 3.503 25 68 7 Commune 6 Tân Lợi Commune 4.622 3.241 70,12 5 361 17 1 2.835 22 Nam Hoà 7 9.354 6.760 72,27 75 716 28 5 5.923 13 Commune Vo Nhai District (12/15 communes IV with special difficulties) 1 Sảng Má»™c 2.659 2.602 97,86 1.305 100 768 4 425 4 Commune Nghinh TÆ°á»?ng 2 2.795 2.752 98,46 1.735 15 996 2 2 2 Commune 3 Thần Sa Commune 2.437 2.347 96,31 1.417 15 716 1 11 187 VÅ© Chấn 4 2.689 2.634 97,95 1.353 9 1.255 9 5 3 Commune Thượng Nung 5 2.161 2.118 98,01 1.172 10 12 2 1 921 Commune Phú Thượng 6 4.853 4.177 86,07 1.249 1.892 968 23 36 9 Commune Cúc Ä?Æ°á»?ng 7 2.439 2.254 92,41 1.681 23 19 2 2 527 Commune Tràng Xá 8 7.608 4.212 55,36 805 2.214 208 56 23 906 Commune PhÆ°Æ¡ng Giao 9 3.931 1.354 34,44 99 84 833 17 4 317 Commune Liên Minh 10 4.071 2.225 54,65 84 395 1.723 13 8 2 Commune Dân Tiến 11 6.031 4.199 69,62 599 940 534 1.649 1 476 Commune Bình Long 12 5.579 2.881 51,64 656 1.309 649 261 6 0 Commune Dai Tu District (22/30 communes V with special difficulties) Phúc LÆ°Æ¡ng 1 3.983 3.670 92,14 3.618 26 15 10 1 Commune Minh Tiến 2 3.896 2.140 54,93 1.795 104 11 222 5 3 Commune Yên Lãng 3 11.844 4.365 36,85 1.860 1.135 517 805 9 39 Commune Ä?ức LÆ°Æ¡ng 4 2.605 2.188 83,99 2.097 39 1 1 47 3 Commune Phú CÆ°á»?ng 5 4.522 2.027 44,83 1.363 342 7 302 9 4 Commune 6 Na Mao Commune 3.094 1.910 61,73 155 370 6 1.370 3 6 7 Phú Lạc Commune 6.288 2.051 32,62 798 1.206 9 18 3 17 Tân Linh 8 5.296 793 14,97 43 203 294 242 7 4 Commune Phú Thịnh 9 3.630 1.688 46,50 135 646 2 882 2 21 Commune Phục Linh 10 6.239 1.756 28,15 172 199 16 1.335 13 21 Commune Phú Xuyên 11 6.198 2.455 39,61 435 1.356 392 249 6 17 Commune Bản Ngoại 12 6.985 2.537 36,32 381 2.023 20 45 36 32 Commune Tiên Há»™i 13 5.684 1.586 27,90 307 1.101 14 18 45 101 Commune Hùng SÆ¡n 14 8.859 692 7,81 250 300 38 38 44 22 Commune 5 Hà Thượng 15 5.604 1.468 26,20 295 160 19 938 20 36 Commune 16 La Bằng Commune 3.397 1.441 42,42 195 903 303 26 1 13 Hoàng Nông 17 4.527 1.419 31,35 90 448 801 18 18 44 Commune 18 Khôi Kỳ Commune 5.989 834 13,93 171 566 21 24 44 8 19 Lục Ba Commune 3.976 294 7,39 57 176 4 21 17 19 20 Mỹ Yên Commune 5.278 402 7,62 84 39 258 3 8 10 21 Cát Nê Commune 3.306 277 8,38 46 18 40 5 165 3 Quân Chu 22 3.450 1.796 52,06 25 13 1.241 9 497 11 Commune Pho Yen District (4/18 communes VI with special difficulties) Phúc Tân 1 2.841 341 12,00 158 32 2 116 33 Commune Thành Công 2 13.936 4.179 29,99 66 10 2 3 4.088 10 Commune Tiên Phong 3 12.763 30 0,24 19 2 2 4 3 Commune Vạn Phái 4 7.349 45 0,61 30 4 7 3 1 Commune Phu Binh District (4/21 communes VII with special difficulties) 1 Bàn Ä?ạt Commune 5.771 2.750 47,65 12 16 6 2.709 7 Tân Kim 2 6.601 1.058 16,03 73 948 1 21 15 Commune Tân Thành 3 4.793 2.468 51,49 285 2.120 37 16 10 Commune 4 Tân Hoà Commune 7.150 2.058 28,78 912 1.099 4 5 38 The main feature in population distribution of ethnic minorities is their residence on midland and mountainous communes interspersed with other major groups. Their houses are scattered in the upland fields and their major production activities are agriculture and forestry. Most of income earned by ethnic minorities is from traditional cultivation and livestock. Their production is consumed by themselves, with only a small part is traded. In recent years, through economic development programs and projects, some families have changed their practice from single rice crop to two crops per year, combining intercropping with livestock (e.g. pig, chicken, etc.) and trading. Overall, the majority of households from ethnic minorities have difficult production conditions, limited education and technical knowledge, lack of infrastructure and capital, in addition to low productivity. Most of households among ethnic minorities have land, but not many of them have land use right certificates and their understanding of land use rights is constrained. Land of the ethnic minorities in Thai Nguyen Province is used by households and individuals only. They have a pressing demand for mortgages to finance livestock production. 6 Because the ethnic minorities residing in districts of Thai Nguyen intersperse with or have the contact with the Kinh community, they do not have a significant gap in terms of language. The language obstacles in their access to the government’s policies have been negligible. However, some ethnic elderly people, who are living in remote areas, can speak Vietnamese without knowing its scripts. Through out the administration progress, the actual enforcement of land use rights among ethnic minorities in the province has not been affected much by their separate customs. Most disputes and complaints in the communities of ethnic minorities are about the land use rights between those inside and outside their kinship. The settlement of disputes shall comply with current regulations, starting from reconciliation at the communal level. If the mediation fails, cases are forwarded to the District People's Court (or the competent People's Committee). In general, the awareness of ethnic minorities about land policies remains limited. Especially, women are less involved and less concerned about land issues, partly due to their economic difficulties leading to their focus on business and housework, and partly because of their belief that land is on the man’s shoulder. Therefore, most of certificates of land use rights (LURCs) granted previously have only the husband’s name. II. IMPLEMENTATION OF EMDP 2.1. A summary of the SA consultations in Thai Nguyen This summary will provide methodology used, issues identified, and potential risks, impacts and project benefits to the EM groups in Thai Nguyen. 2.1.1. Methods of consultation A team of three researchers, including one lead researcher, and two team members, have been employed for this assessment. A number of conventional qualitative research instruments are employed, including focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, note-taking, and photographing, and non-participant observation. ï‚· Focus group discussions: Each FGD usually includes 6-8 participants who are recommended and invited by local guides following the requirements of the research team. Gender-disaggregated data are paid attention through the establishment of gender sensitive FGDs. Local guides are the chiefs of the selected residential units who have a very good understanding of the community. In order to understand likely different impacts and their responses to the project, a variety of respondent groups are selected, including land administrators, land user organisations, and land user householders, including local poor/near-poor and representatives from local ethnic minorities groups. ï‚· In-depth interviews: The team plans to explore some case studies with more in-depth information. The informants for such in-depth interviews may be selected from the FGDs (researchers may find some discussants who have more interesting details to provide so have him/her for a separate in-depth interview). Also, the interviewees may be recommended directly by local guides after researchers have fully explained the assessment objectives. ï‚· Triangulation: A few extra interviews with local officials and land administrators are added under a technique known as ‘triangulation’ to validate the information we have obtained from local residents/factory workers. They are an additional source rather than a proper sub-group. Also, there are some issues the latter may raise but do not understand why, given their positions. In such cases, the extra interviews would help clarify or supplement what local residents have stated. These interviews serve to validate and, in some cases, supplement the information provided by local residents. 7 2.1.2. Information on respondents The fieldwork was conducted in Thai Nguyen in early November 2015. The mission conducted direct consultations with representatives of provincial departments, organizations and EM people in Thai Nguyen city and Dong Dat commune, Phu Luong district. In total, the study team held eight consultative meetings and group discussions with 36 respondents from various stakeholders, including EM groups. The respondents include: ï‚· Land administrators: are officials from the Departments of Natural Resouces and the Environment (DoNREs), the Divisions of Natural Resources and the Environment (DivNRE), and commune officials (leaders of the people’s committees, cadastral officers and leaders of commune’s mass organisaitons. They are directly or indirectly involved in land administration. ï‚· Representatives from the related sub-national agencies: include those from the Departments of Information and Communication, the Departments of Justice, the Tax Administration, the Farmers’ Association, the Women’s Union, the Commission for Ethnicities, and the Youth’s Unions. ï‚· The EM groups: include non-poor and poor EM people in the study sites, particularly the Tay group in Phu Luong district. 2.1.3. Main findings from the SA consultation Most of participants in the consultation, after hearing about the Project for Improvement of Land Governance and Land Database (VILG), expressed their support to the project and expected the project to be implemented soon for them to easily obtain the necessary land information. The public officials from provincial departments, Bureau of National Resources and Environment, cadastral officials, Chairman of Commune People's Committees recognized the local delivery of land information services, which have not been up to standards as required. They raised the need to improve legal knowledge for land officials, especially those working in land registration offices, commune officials, and village leaders. The citizens (mostly from Tay ethnic group) in the interviews said that the people should know the information relevant to changes of land use purpose, land use right transfer, land separation, land inheritance, etc. They expected to contact with commune officials for necessary land information. In addition to training on land policies and laws, commune officials also need training on IT application to guide people how to access information from the internet. They hope the project implementation will bring diverse forms of services on demand as express service or home service, etc. There should be regular support and general guidance for the people, especially those with limited legal understanding. The propagation and dissemination of policies and laws for the people and the commune officials should be conducted with the right form and time (the good time is 7-8 pm when people are back from work). The communication should reach village leaders and village women's union, through whom the communication is extended to other people. In difficult areas, computer(s) is needed in villages and communes for people to benefit from the services through village/commune leaders or for their direct use. The consultation with ethnic minorities and the poor revealed that their awareness and access to technology are very limited compared to other groups. Therefore, in the project deployment, this constrain should be considered to have appropriate supports bringing practical benefits to the people. In addition, the EM respondents provided some stories on the existing formal ineffective grievance redressal mechanism. Some said that they did not have information on where and how to lodge their complaints, if any. Others were not aware of the procedures to settle grievances. To mitigate unexpected impacts of the project on ethnic minorities, most of the respondents agreed to propose the following measures: 8 ï‚· The content of the awareness raising and communication shall be suitable and practical to each target group, their custom and tradition; ï‚· Communication and awareness raising should be focussed on village heads and village’s women’s unions so that they can relay information to villagers; ï‚· It is important to improving capacities and skills of commune staff; ï‚· It is necessary to provide computers for villagers in difficult areas so that people can use for accessing land information. 2. Implementation plan The central goal of this EMDP is to plan a continuous interaction between project staff and ethnic minorities in districts during the project implementation. The regular dialogues will enhance both understanding about the project and build the public trust on the local land management systems. This discussion will help to implement appropriate activities in public awareness raising. A better understanding of the traditional culture from ethnic minorities will create a better relationship between project staff and the ethnic minorities in general, and strengthen the effectiveness of public awareness raising in particular. To accomplish this goal, VILG’s PMU in Thai Nguyen plans to strengthen the communication and the participation of ethnic minorities and other involved groups through the following activities: Activity 1: Establish a provincial-level community advisory group and district-level community participatory groups and organize annual workshop To build a channel to receive feedback from land users, especially ethnic minorities, a provincial-level community advisory group and district-level community participatory groups shall be established at district level, as bellows: Participants: officials from agencies in natural resources and environment, local agencies in ethnic affairs, local cultural institutions, qualified representatives of ethnic minorities, among others. Mission: survey and interview to understand the issues of customs, traditions, languages, understanding level of cultural and social life of ethnic minorities, which will affect the management and use of land, as well as the access to and use of land information. Forms of activities: part-time. Each year, the PPMU will hold a consultation workshop to collect opinions of the community participatory groups at provincial- and district- levels. The group members will share information, discuss and recommend based on their views and experiences on the aspects that the PPMU need consultations, focusing on the following five issues: ï‚· What are the needs for land information of ethnic minority groups? How their cultural practices are considered and shared during the measurement process (if any) and the provision of land information? ï‚· How should land officials consider about traditional practices on land in the provision of land information? ï‚· How to express interest in issues relating to customary use of land and land used for cultural and community purposes? What are communication channels for ethnic minority groups? ï‚· What are the obstacles of the local ethnic minority groups to understand Vietnamese scripts on communication means or in meetings? How should awareness raising activities be organized to overcome such obstacles? 9 ï‚· What should be done for ethnic minority groups to absorb information most effectively from VILG operations as well as to use best the land and fully register their land? During project implementation, regular consultative activities at the district level regarding the foregoing issues may be linked with planned communication activities and irregular consultations may be held as needed. Consultative activities, regular or irregular alike, should be conducted in a free, prior and informed manner to ensure broad community support from EMs. In particular, as a principle of ensuring inclusion, participation and cultural suitability, the PPMU should hold continuous consultations including soliciting feedback from all communities so that remedial actions can be taken to support improved participation and provision of benefits to households including those of EMs. In particular, EM households, which have registered their land in the information system and have any complaints or denunciation on their registered land can lodge these grievances through the existing GRM to be handled according to the existing laws. Meanwhile, free, prior and informed consultation will be conducted with EM households which have not registered their land, before registering their land in the information system. The consultation methods to be used are appropriate to social and cultural traits of EM groups that the consultations target, with particular attention given to land administrators, household land users, village leaders and other service providers related. The methods should also be gender and inter-generationally inclusive, voluntary, free of interference and non-manipulative. The process of consultation should be two way, i.e. both informing and discussing as well as both listening and responding. All consultations should be conducted in good faith and in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion, i.e. without the presence of those people who may be intimidating to respondents. It should also be implemented with gender inclusive and responsive approaches, tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, enabling incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making. In particular, land users from EM groups will be provided with relevant information about the project as much as possible in a culturally appropriate manner during project implementation, monitoring and evaluation to promote their meaningful participation and inclusion. The information may include but not be confined to conceptualization, design, proposal, safeguards, execution, and monitoring and evaluation. In particular, all relevant information for consultation will be provided through two channels. Firstly, information will be disseminated to village leaders at their montly meeting with leaders of communune’s people’s committees in order to be relayed to villagers in village meetings in a culturally appropriate manner and an accessibly language. Secondly, notices in an accessible language will be posted at the commune’s people’s committee at least a week ahead of a planned consultative meeting. Such early notices ensure sufficient time to understand, assess and analyze information on the proposed activities. In addition, the project activities and interventions should draw the the active participation and guidance (formal and informal) of local leaders that are available in communities, such as heads of villages and extended family networks, and members of mediation panels. The community supervision board at the commune level should be engaged to closely monitor the participation standards of local institutions and officials in various project activities and interventions during the implementation of VILG. inputs/information used for monitoring and evaluation may include EM’s access to the land information system established by the project, their benefits from the received information etc.). By enabling participation of relevant EM stakeholders during project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, the project can ensure that EM people receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate to them. In doing so, the land information ebtalished by VILG can contribute to transparency and efficiency efforts and development outcomes as a whole among EM groups. Capacity should be built for those stakeholders to avoid the existing constraints in conducting local consulsations, such as one-way consultation; lack of information; rush time; and coercion. 10 Activity 2: Use effective communication approaches and tools The communication plan It is important to develop an adequate communication plan to boost both demand from EM groups and advocacy for stronger commitment from the local authorities in addressing constraints in supplying adequate land information services for EM groups. The communication plan should take into account the constraints and emerging requirements that have been reflected in the local consultations to avoid exclusion of EM groups from the project and its benefits. The communication plan should facilitate two-way dialogues – it is not only about telling EM people information of the programme, but about listening to and responding to their concerns. The communication plan to support VILG should address following areas: With the supply side ï‚· How to obtain and increase commitment from the sub-national authorities and implementers for the reform of the current land information system. This is a process known as social mobilization to build trust of land users. As a result of the process, land administrators should engage with EM land users on a regular basis for raising questions and concerns regarding their rights to land use and access to land information; and provide them with reliable local land information. In addition, local facilitators should improve communication skills with EM groups; know how to create and facilitate platforms and forums for community participation to provide feedback on the VGIL implementation process. ï‚· How to develop a platform for EM community participation to discuss and dialogue with land administrators regarding various issues, including their concerns and claim for their land-use rights, as a result of the land information that they receive from the project system; ï‚· How to develop communication platforms for EM groups at a the grassroots levels (e.g. village meetings etc.) to receive feedback on the functioning of the supply side sector and its ability to cope with the increasing demand for land information services as a result of VILG. The procedures on the feedback mechanism should be clear and transparent, especially to the EM groups, e.g. regarding which channels to receive feedback and which stakeholders should be held accountable for responding to feedback, and how long. Timely guidance and responses to EM land users’ concerns and recommendations should be provided via these communication platforms, and the progress monitored. With the demand side ï‚· How to raise demand for and then maintain practices of utilising land information services for EM groups; ï‚· What should be planned for behavior change communication (BCC) amongst EM groups in the project sites. The communication plan and IEC materials should be designed taking into account cultural differences in behaviours among different EM groups and specific behavioral changes to be addressed. ï‚· How to customise VILG’s communication activities and local information campaigns to address specific needs of different EM groups in terms of language and cultural relevance. The strategy should take into account differences in how information is disseminated among different EM groups and leverage the presence of credible traditional institutional structures and formal and informal EM organizations in the project areas for dissemination, allowing support and counseling to EM land users in their language and culturally appropriate way. Local facilitators will be actively encouraged to support hard-to-reach groups; and ï‚· To plan how to address bottlenecks, barriers and fears caused by socio-cultural practices and belief and answer questions from stakeholders; Outreach communication 11 ï‚· Appropriate IEC materials for dissemination: Development and dissemination of a package set of printed and audio-visual IEC materials (booklets, leaflets, posters, short documentary films, edu-taining programmes, TV spots, radio, etc with the relevant logos, IEC messages, and slogans) to relevant groups of target audiences as identified in the communication plan, are essential to ensure key messages and knowledge to be delivered to EM groups. The work will contribute to raise awareness for EM groups, change their attitude and behaviour in seeking land information and in the long term, contribute to change and maintain behaviours recommended by the project. The design of these IEC materials should be suitable (socially and culturally accepted) to EM groups following the standards of IEC material development (Clear; Concise; Courteous; Call for actions etc). Materials need to be carefully developed in order to effectively disseminate information to both literate and semi- literate householders and to householders for whom Kinh is a second language, hence a minimal amount of non-technical text and the use of drawings and graphic representations wherever possible will be critical. These materials should be pre-tested with target communities in some of the project provinces to assess their comprehensibility and possible effectiveness. Last but not least, it is important to conduct orientation/training to stakeholders, as identified in the communication plan, on how to use the IEC materials effectively. ï‚· Media campaigns: Mass media campaigns may also be appropriate for one-way information dissemination. But given the variability of situations between provinces (and, indeed, even districts within provinces) and EM land users’ interest in information which relates to their own situation, it is advisable that the focus of such campaigns should be predominantly on location-specific information, which can be broadcast through local TV and radio networks. The use of commune loudspeakers may be an effective means of reaching a large number of people at a relatively low cost, but it should be recognised that information broadcast through this medium is not always well retained, and cannot be used in areas where the people live in a scattered manner. Where appropriate, the development of memorable soundbites or slogans may counter this problem to some extent. Public displays of information such as maps, plans and procedures (in an accessible form) at both district and commune level may also be beneficial. Prior to the launch of MPLIS, information campaigns should be conducted amongst EM groups which outline benefits and knowledge of how to access and use land information from MPLIS and associated fees (if any, where relevant). These campaigns should be conducted via meetings, mass media and the dissemination of printed or audio- visual IEC materials, depending on specific local social contexts. ï‚· Engagement of local information points: Local authorities are encouraged to use and bring into play the role of village cadres, especially those from community mass organizations/unions. Information contact points should also be village chiefs, given many advantages of this post as identifed in many studies. These people and organizations are mainly EM people who are living in EM areas; therefore, they have been active in communicating and popularizing relevant policies/programmes to local people. The final decision on the most relevant and effective information points should be made by the province, depending on current local contexts. ï‚· Counselling: As the assessment indicates that many respondents are unaware of the land legislationand how it is applied in practice (interpreting the law), it may be necessaryto providecounseling in parallel to MPLIS in some communities. ï‚· Regular local meetings: Regular ward/commune meetings, including scheduled question- and-answer sessions, may be one of the most effective ways to update EM local communities on project interventions and receive their comments and feedback. Information for the poor should be provided during a home visit or a meeting for poor people as they usually do not attend common meetings. ï‚· Modern tools: The Vietnamese script in DVD and some communication materials (including video clips) will be translated into languages of ethnic minorities, whenever needed, for their use during project implementation based on recommendations made by district community 12 participatory groups. The access to and use of land information from MPLIS, as well as the registration of land use rights by households and communities are chosen together with other information to be included in these communication tools. They will be stored at cultural centers and used for explanation of the project and the land management. ï‚· Modern facilities: VILG PPMU may consider providing computers in communes and villages for EM people to access information easily and conveniently (training and guidance will be provided). VILG PPMU shall improve the access to and sharing of land information for EM people. Activity 3. Train village leaders Before village meetings, the PPMU will provide training sessions for village leaders, so that they can support during project implementation. Activity 4. Organize public meetings at villages and communes. The additional budget is used for meetings to answer questions from the public with interpretation into languages of ethnic minorities in every village and commune. These activities will be started early at the project beginning and sustained during the project life. Particularly in villages and communes with large ethnic minorities, PPMU and district community participatory groups will organize meetings in each commune or village with the participation of local ethnic people to answer their questions and explain in ethnic languages. During these meetings, the PPMU staff, with help from local ethnic officials, will describe project activities, settlement mechanism of land disputes (e.g. where and to whom they should make complains, what problems related to land that people can complain, etc.), recommend sources of land information, illustrate how to access and use land information. Besides, the PPMU in collaboration with the mass media (e.g., radio and television) shall communicate this information across the province. The documents used in public meetings and commune consultations are delivered by the PPMU on the basis of forms, legal documents and communication materials prepared by the VILG Central Project Management Unit (CPMU). All materials are designed with simple messages and clear images. If project funds are available, these documents will be translated into several languages of ethnic minorities to be delivered locally. Activity 7. Train land officials An orientation workshop for land officials in accessing ethnic minorities will focus on (1) special needs of people with language barriers, and (2) importance of local consultation. These issues will be incorporated in project training sessions to improve capacity for land officials, as well as to enhance the quality of land information services performed by responsible officials. Activity 8. Establish support services for land information access and land registration in communities with ethnic minorities District branches of the Land Registration Office will perform services supporting the access to land information and land registration for ethnic minority groups in remote areas by sending officers to work at Commune People’s Committees periodically. At the same time, commune officials are trained to access and use land information system through the Internet to provide land information for minority groups and verify land transaction contracts. The Land Registration Office will consult with the authorities of communes and villages, and commune community participatory groups while preparing a periodical working schedule on the ground of local conditions. The authorities of communes and villages will widely publicize this working schedule to all citizens for their access to services as needed. 13 The project would maintain close engagement with EM beneficiaries, who will have increased and better access to land information and better services with integrated digital data vital for improving land governance. For this purpose, the Project will build on the successful process established under VLAP through Local Facilitators (LFs) to address the needs of targeted beneficiaries. Access to land information and better land services are expected to increase with the improvement of LROs and the promotion of e-governance, and the building of stakeholders’ capacity. The project will promote activities by local mass organisations, such as the youths’ unions and women’s unions, which involve EM communities in their work, and civil society organisations. These organisations can add value to information transparency efforts in EM communities through introduction of more participatory planning processes, and capacity development, among other areas. Especially, local facilitators may be encouraged to be recruited from local mass organisations, especially the women’s unions. Activities 9: Consideration of gender sensitivity It is essential to increase the participation of women, especially in the EM groups in the project sites, in various project activities and interventions, such as information dissemination and training, local facilitator work, and commune working groups. It is important to raise awareness for women of their rights and benefits in joint husband-and-wife titling and use of land-use rights certificates for bank loans, lease and contributions to joint business, their rights to access to the GRM system and how to lodge their complaints when needs arise. It should be recognised that engagement of and awareness raising for women, especially EM women, is a time-consuming process which should be planned and phased effectively with clear and practical short-, medium- and long-term objectives to make various steps feasible, with lessons reviewed and learnt as well as plans revised after each phase. Importantly, women from various groups should be consulted in good faith throughout the project cycle, from the design to the evaluation steps to ensure their voices to be heard and paid due attention to. There is a risk that female attendance at information workshops and meetings may be low. Specific measures may therefore be necessary to enhance women’s current access to information and their associated engagement in VILG. Efforts will be needed to arrange a location and time suitable for the participation of women, and additional promotional activities may also be necessary to maximise attendance by female householders. Training provided to local land administrators and facilitators as well as project staff should take into account gender sensitivity. The composition of a mobile support team, as suggested earlier in this report, may ideally include a female member to address issues that require gender sensitivity. For instance, some female clients may not feel comfortable in seeking information and advice from male staff as a result of certain cultural and customary barriers. Activities 10. Provide information about grievance redness mechanism Local cadastral officers will be noted in project training courses that any land issues related to ethnic minorities must be reported to the PPMU regardless of whether the issues are settled successfully or not. The mechanism for settling complaints and disputes, receiving and tracking the progress of dispute resolution should be followed as dictated in the Project Operational Manual and guidance of the CPMU. To minimize disputes requiring the State official system, the project will encourage ethnic minorities groups to resolve their issues through informal but effective institutions in the community, such as heads of villages, clans, etc. A mediation team will be set up in each commune and village to help the Commune People’s Committees address disputes. The appointment of one official monitoring the dispute resolution at communes, districts and the 14 province as well as the training in dispute settlement to improve skills of cadastral officers and village mediation teams will be maintained during the project implementation. Activities 11. Monitoring and evaluation The PPMU will try to disaggregate M&E data related to project activities in the areas by ethnic group, poverty status and gender, to a possible extent. III. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 3.1. Roles and responsibilies - The CPMU will be responsible for providing training and guidance on the implementation, and supervising the implementation of the EMDP in the local project sites on a basis of the EMPF and POM. - Lealers of the Provincial People’s Committee will be responsible for providing guidance and supervising the implementation of the EMDP in An Giang. - DONRE and PPMU in collaboration with the District’s People's Committee shall be responsible for organizing activities under the EMDP and Project Operation Manual (POM); - The PPMU shall assign one officer to be the focal point on social issues. This staff shall be responsible for supervising the Project District Implementation Group in terms of full implementation of these EMDP activities; - The periodical reports of PPMU (quarterly and monthly) will include the reports on EMDP implementation which clearly state the EMDP activities already implemented in the project areas, feedback of ethnic minorities related to the project implementation and next activities; - Representatives from the Provincial Committee for Ethnic Affairs, provincial advisory groups and district-level community groups, commune/ward cadastral officers will be responsible for (i) coordinating with VILG’s PPMU to organise consultative meetings with local people; (ii) evaluating and consulting with them on issues relating to the project implementation and ethnic minorities; and (iii) supervising the satisfaction with land management services by EM communities in the project districts. - EM communities will be responsible for reporting the actual implementation of the project in their local areas as well as its positive and negative impacts on their rights and benefits. - The Provincial Ethnic Minority Committee, the Provincial Consultative Group, and district participatory groups shall be responsible for reviewing and consultinh on issues related to the project implementation and ethnic minorities; cooperating with PPMU to organize consultative meetings, and supervising the levels of acceptance and satisfaction of the community towards land services in the participating districts, including for the Kinh group and other ethnic minorities; During the implementation period, if any problem arises, the related members should promptly report to the PPMU, and the Provincial Steering Committee for timely measures. 3.2. The grievance redress mechanism (GRM) VILG will establish an unit in charge of comments and complaints from the public in general, and from ethnic minorities groups in particular in the project sites regarding the implementation of the project. Complaints will be handled in a timely manner, and written responses will be provided to complainants. 15 The provincial PMUs and the related agencies at the district and commune levels will record and document the received complaints and resolutions, which will be attached to bi-annual process reports to the central PMU for synthesis and submit to the World Bank. Forms of comments and complaints: written documents submitted, emails or direct communication (such as through telephones). Channels for receiving comments and complaints: People can send written texts or present their issues to village elderly, village heads or commune officials. In case of resolution failure, these complaints will be referred to the district level or the provincial PMUs for settlement. DoNRE would settle cases when complainants do not agree with first-time resolutions provided by VILG’s PPMUs. The procedures to redress grievances follow the Project Operations Manual. 3.3. The M&E mechanism A system to monitor the implementation of EMDP will be established in districts with EM populations. The district-level community support group will be responsible for supporting the district division for project implementation and the PPMU to regularly monitor satisfaction of EM people, and evaluate whether VILG has improved EM groups’ living standards and awareness, or has avoided or mitigated its negative impacts on the latter. M&E indicators regarding the progress and outcomes in the implementation of EMDPs will be dissaggregated by ethnicity. Some stakeholders, such as the Committee for Ethnic Affairs and advisory groups on ethnic minorities can access this information. The PPMU will appoint an officer as a focal point to receive and monitor results of land- related grievances relating to the implementation of VILG. Progress reports on the implementation of the EMDP will be produced on a monthly, biannual and annual basis. IV. DISCLOSURE of EMDP EMDP will be publicized in the World Bank’s Infoshop, and at the people’s committees in districts and communes with ethnic minorities and by many other channels to ensure that ethnic minorities can easily access and understand the plan contents. V. ESTIMATED COSTS The budget for ethnic minorities development plan in each province will be estimated on the basis of proposed activities and included in project costs. The expected activities in each province include: - Communication and public consultation (in coordination with other activities of the project); - Training in skills of communication and public awareness raising; - Communication on land registration and land transactions; exploitation and use of land information; - Development of communication materials as instructed by CPMU. Annex One provides cost estimates for implementing EMDPs in four first-year provinces, namely Thai Nguyen, Quang Binh, Ha Tinh, and An Giang. The separate estimated budget for implementing all activities as described in Thai Nguyen’s EMDP is 85,800 USD. 16 Annex one: Cost estimates for implementating EMDPs in four first-year provinces Unit Activity Contents Unit Quantity cost Total Establishing the provincial advisory group and district community group and organising two workshops Activity 1 65,000 per annum Payment for the advisory group (from the land sector, the sectors in charge of EM Affairs, Culture, - representatives of EM communities, etc) (5 years) 0 + Thai Nguyen They take up + Ha Tinh unpaid + Quang Binh additional responsibilities + An Giang Consultative workshops with the provincial advisory group and district participatory community group (1 - workshop/province/ year x 5 years) 65,000 + Thai Nguyen Workshop 5 5,000 25,000 + Ha Tinh Workshop 5 2,000 10,000 + Quang Binh Workshop 5 2,000 10,000 + An Giang Workshop 5 4,000 20,000 Use of modern and effective communication tools Activity 2 Preparing communication contents (DVD, video clips); Broadcasting, and production of DVD - Thai Nguyen - Ha Tinh Incorporated in sub- - Quang Binh component 1.3 - An Giang Activity 3 Training of village heads (2 training workshops ) 14,000 - Thai Nguyen Workshop 1 5,000 5,000 - Tỉnh Hà TÄ©nh Workshop 1 2,000 2,000 - Quảng Bình Workshop 1 2,000 2,000 - An Giang Workshop 1 5,000 5,000 Activity 4 Organising village and commune meetings 90,000 - Thai Nguyen Meeting 200 200 40,000 - Ha Tinh Meeting 50 200 10,000 - Quang Binh Meeting 100 200 20,000 - An Giang Meeting 100 200 20,000 Meetings to introduce project sites (in 6 districts, with representatives at the district and commune levels in Activity 5 the project sites 1,800 - Thai Nguyen Meeting 6 300 1,800 Training of land administrators (Orientation workshops for land administrators in working with EM people) Activity 6 (2 workshops/ province) Workshop 2 25,000 26,000 - Thai Nguyen Workshop 2 5,000 10,000 - Ha Tinh Workshop 1 3,000 3,000 - Quang Binh Workshop 1 3,000 3,000 - An Giang Workshop 2 5,000 10,000 Establishing support services for access to land information and registration in communities with EM Activity 7 populations. 37,000 18 Support for LROs to provide support services for access to land information and registration for EM - populations in deep and remote areas (once per year) 21,000 + Thai Nguyen Session 30 300 9,000 + Ha Tinh Session 10 300 3,000 + Quang Binh Session 10 300 3,000 + An Giang Session 20 300 6,000 - LROs provide training for commune officials to tap Internet-based land information. 16,000 + Thai Nguyen Workshop 1 5,000 5,000 + Ha Tinh Workshop 1 3,000 3,000 + Quang Binh Workshop 1 3,000 3,000 + An Giang Workshop 1 5,000 5,000 Providing information on GRM Activity 8 Organising training workshops on skills to redress grievances for cadastral officers and members of village 14,000 mediation teams - Ha Tinh Workshop 2 2,000 4,000 - Quang Binh Workshop 2 2,000 4,000 - An Giang Workshop 2 3,000 6,000 M&E: Monitoring and evaluating implementation of the project in the project sites by ethnicity, near- Activity 9 poverty/poverty/ non-poverty status and gender 2,000 - Ha Tinh 1,000 - An Giang 1,000 19 Annex two: A sample minute of consultation Below is a sample minute of consultation with Tay people in Phu Luong district, Thai Nguyen, on December 21, 2015. THÔNG TIN THU Ä?ƯỢC TỪ NHÓM THẢO LUẬN TẠI THAI NGUYEN Hiện trạng cung cấp thông tin và nhu cầu thông tin đất của cÆ¡ quan quản lý/Ä‘Æ¡n vị/dịch vụ/ngÆ°á»?i dân (chú trá»?ng tá»›i nhóm nghèo/phụ nữ/DTTS) - Tại Sở Tài nguyên và Môi trÆ°á»?ng (gồm các Sở ban, ngành): Qua trao đổi vá»›i cán bá»™ của Sở Tài nguyên và Môi trÆ°á»?ng và các Sở ban ngành có liên quan trên địa bàn tỉnh Thái Nguyên đã có dịch vụ cung cấp thông tin đất Ä‘ai cho ngÆ°á»?i sá»­ dụng đất nhÆ°ng vẫn chÆ°a đáp ứng được hết nhu cầu của ngÆ°á»?i sá»­ dụng đất, các thông tin thÆ°á»?ng cung cấp là nguồn gốc thá»­a đất, ranh giá»›i thá»­a đất, quy hoạch, qua ý kiến trao đổi thì nhu cầu đào tạo cho cán bá»™ làm công tác quản lý đất Ä‘ai (nhất là: cán bá»™ Văn phòng đăng ký đất Ä‘ai; hai là: cán bá»™ của Sở Tài nguyên và Môi trÆ°á»?ng) cần có các lá»›p tập huấn vá»? công nghệ thông tin đất Ä‘ai theo từng đối tượng cho phù hợp (cán bá»™ cấp xã, Phòng TNMT, trưởng thôn, xóm) ngoài ra cần nâng cao công tác tuyên truyá»?n phổ biến chính sách vá»? đất Ä‘ai (hiện tại trên địa bàn tỉnh đã có hệ thống loa đài không dây đến từng thôn xóm) Trên địa bàn tỉnh hiện nay nhu cầu vá»? thông tin đất Ä‘ai nhiá»?u (do kinh tế phát triển) nên rất muốn có dịch vụ cung cấp thông tin, dịch vụ vá»? đất Ä‘ai đến tận nhà cho ngÆ°á»?i dân vì việc cung cấp thông tin hiện còn khó khăn, mất thá»?i gian của ngÆ°á»?i sá»­ dụng đất. (ngÆ°á»?i dân sẵn sàng mất phí) - Tại xã Ä?á»™ng Ä?ạt, huyện Phú LÆ°Æ¡ng (thông tin vá»? đất Ä‘ai đối vá»›i ngÆ°á»?i dân): Có 02 cán bá»™ gồm cán bá»™ địa chính xã, cán bá»™ Phòng TNMT và 10 ngÆ°á»?i dân tham vấn ý kiến bao gồm 05 trưởng xóm và 05 ngÆ°á»?i dân toàn thể là ngÆ°á»?i dân tá»™c Tày vá»? nhận thức, phong tục, tập quán đã nhÆ° ngÆ°á»?i Kinh và ngôn ngữ và chữ viết Ä‘á»?u dùng chữ Quốc ngữ. Việc tiếp cận thông tin vá»? đất Ä‘ai còn nhiá»?u hạn chế, các thông tin vá»? đất Ä‘ai mà ngÆ°á»?i dân muốn biết gồm chuyển đổi mục đích sá»­ dụng đất, chuyển đổi cây trồng, chuyển nhượng đất Ä‘ai cho con và thông tin vá»? tách thá»­a (thừa kế cho con hoặc cho con khi xây dá»±ng gia đình), những thông tin này ngÆ°á»?i dân thÆ°á»?ng gặp trưởng xóm, địa chính xã để há»?i. Vá»? nhu cầu thông tin đất Ä‘ai thì nhiá»?u nhÆ°ng việc đáp ứng nhu cầu cho ngÆ°á»?i dân chÆ°a được đầy đủ, nguyện vá»?ng của ngÆ°á»?i dân (trưởng xóm) và cán bá»™ địa chính là được tập huấn vá»? chính sách đất Ä‘ai, phổ biến chính sách đất Ä‘ai và mở các lá»›p, đào tạo theo chuyên Ä‘á»? vá»? việc sá»­ dụng công nghệ thông tin trong việc tiếp cận thông tin đất Ä‘ai trên mạng, (tùy theo đối tượng cần có lá»›p tuận huấn, hình thức đào tạo khác nhau). - Tại xã VÄ©nh SÆ¡n, thị xã Sông Công Ä?ối tượng tham vấn gồm Phó chủ tịch xã, cán bá»™ Phòng TNMT, cán bá»™ địa chính xã và 08 ngÆ°á»?i dân Theo ý kiến của đồng chí cán bá»™ địa chính xã thì hiện tại xã không có bản đồ số, bản đồ Ä‘ang dùng đã được Ä‘o đạc từ rất lâu nên có sai số (Ä‘á»™ chính xác) không đúng vá»›i hiện trạng, ranh giá»›i thá»­a đất biến Ä‘á»™ng nhiá»?u không được cập nhật chỉnh lý. Nên khi xảy ra tranh chấp rất khó sá»­ dụng bản đồ này để giải quyết tranh chấ p Mong muốn có bản đồ chính sách (Ä‘o đạc lại theo hiện trạng) để sá»­ dụng và mở lá»›p đào tạo chuyển giao việc sá»­ dụng máy tính cho cán bá»™ địa chính để khai thác sá»­ dụng loại bản đồ này Nhu cầu thông tin đất Ä‘ai mà ngÆ°á»?i dân thÆ°á»?ng há»?i cán bá»™ đại chính là ra nh giá»›i thá»­a đất, thông tin vá»? thủ tục tách thá»­a Kỳ vá»?ng vá»? thông tin đất Ä‘ai của há»?, gồm cả kỳ vá»?ng vá»? các kênh và phÆ°Æ¡ng thức truyá»?n thông phù hợp (chú trá»?ng tá»›i nhóm nghèo/phụ nữ/DTTS): - Có lá»›p đào tạo, tập huấn cho các đối tượng sá»­ dụng đất, nhất là cán bá»™ địa chính các cấp và các trưởng xóm; - Xây dá»±ng dịch vụ cung cấp thông tin Ä‘a dạng hÆ¡n đáp ứng các nhu cầu khác nhau của từng đối tượng (làm nhanh, làm chậm, dịch vụ tại nhà, Ä‘a dạng các loại thông tin…); - Tại cÆ¡ quan cung cấp thông tin nên có bàn hÆ°á»›ng dẫn chungcho những đối tượng không hiểu biết vá»? chính sách pháp luật; - Việc tuyên truyá»?n phổ biến nên có những hình thức phù hợp hÆ¡n vá»›i thá»?i gian Ä‘i làm của từng đối tượng nên từ 7 -8h tối, hoặc in tá»? rÆ¡i phát đến tận nhà cho từng ngÆ°á»?i dân, trên loa phát thanh của thôn; - Tập trung tuyên truyá»?n, phổ biến chính sách pháp luật đất Ä‘ai đến vá»›i các đối tượng là trưởng thôn, Há»™i phụ nữ của thôn, vì đối vá»›i ngÆ°á»?i dân các đối tượng này là ngÆ°á»?i gần gÅ©i và uy tín; - Nâng cao trình Ä‘á»™, năng lá»±c cán bá»™ cấp Xã; - Ä?ối vá»›i những địa bàn khó khăn thì nên trang bị máy tính tại thôn để ngÆ°á»?i dân có thể sá»­ dụng và tiếp cận đến thông tin đất Ä‘ai, Ä‘i kèm vá»›i các hình thức tuyên truyá»?n. Nhận thức của há»? vá»? các Văn phòng đăng ký đất Ä?ối vá»›i các tổ chức thì Ä‘a số Ä‘á»?u biết và hiểu vá»? vai trò, chức năng và trách nhiệm của Văn phòng Ä?ăng ký đất Ä‘ai, tuy nhiên, đối vá»›i ngÆ°á»?i dân (6 há»™ gia đình được vấn) thì há»? không biết đến chức năng nhiệm vụ của Văn phòng Ä?KÄ?Ä?. 21 Những suy nghÄ© của há»? vá»? các tác Ä‘á»™ng không mong muốn do hoạt Ä‘á»™ng của dá»± án (chú trá»?ng tá»›i nhóm nghèo/phụ nữ/DTTS): Giữa đối tượng DTTS, ngÆ°á»?i nghèo vá»? nhận thức, trình Ä‘á»™ năng lá»±c và tiếp cận vá»›i công nghệ (máy tính, Ä‘iện thoại, internet…) s o vá»›i các đối tượng khác là hạn chế hÆ¡n, do đó việc tiếp cận thông tin của đối tượng này sẽ khó khăn hÆ¡n. Những Ä‘á»? xuất vá»? phÆ°Æ¡ng án giảm thiểu các tác Ä‘á»™ng không mong muốn (chú trá»?ng tá»›i nhóm nghèo/phụ nữ/DTTS) - Tập trung, tuyá»?n truyá»?n, phổ biến đối để nâng cao nhận thứcđối vá»›i những đối tượng DTTS, ngÆ°á»?i nghèo vá»›i nhiểu hình thức khác nhau phù hợp vá»›i từng đối tượng, phong tục tập quán; - Dá»± án nên có sá»± đầu từ vá»? cÆ¡ sở hạ tầng cÅ©ng nhÆ° trang thiết bị đối vá»›i địa bàn có Ä‘iá»?u kiện kinh tế khó khăn (máy tính, internet…). 22