E4170 v2 ', •, i .~ MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED 33KV POWER DISTRIBUTION LINE FOR RUHIIRA MILLENIUM VILLAGE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS i'·, FINAL REPORT >if' f,~ '1, ::1 Consultant: RURAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES (RUDEA) LIMITED. in association with RESCO PROPERTY CONSULTANT SURVEYORS Date: October 2012 The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project p, TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................II ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................. V MEASURES AND UNITS: .................................. :.,,..................................................................................... VI LIST OF KEY PERSONNEL ....................... i~'.~.: .... ;',, .. ,;·......................:........................................................ IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............ ;:............................. : .............................................................................. XI 1.1 OVERVIEW •••••.......................•..•.••••••••.••.•••...••••.•.•.•••••.•.......•...........•................••••.....••••.•.•.•.•••••••••••••••. 1 1.2 8ACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 PROJECT0BJECTIVE .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 NAME, TITLE AND ADDRESS OF THE DEVELOPER ....................................................................................... 2 1.5 COST OF THE DEVELOPMENT .............. ,. ......;;·-:······ .................................................................................... 3 1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.7 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION .................. :'..... :.... ~.': ........................................................................................ 4 1.8 PROJECT LOCATION ..... ;;,;,;'i:;. .'............ ,· .................................................................................................... S 1.9 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.10 MATERIALS AND METHODS (TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION) ..................................................................... 6 1.10.1 OVERHEAD POWER LINESROUTE ............................................................................ :·.......................... 6 1.10.2 VOLTAGE LEVELS ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.10.3 THREE-PHASE VERSUS SINGLE-PHASE ................................................................................................ 7 1.10-4 CONDUCTORS .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.10.5 POLES ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.10.6 INSULATORS .................................................................................................................................... 7 1.10.7 LINE CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................................................8 1.10.8 TRANSFORMERS ..............................................................................................................................8 1.10.9 CONNECTIONS TO CONSUMER'S PREMIS,ES .......................................................................................... 9 2.2 PROJECT STRATEGY ........ ~ .............. ;:~:, •. n.. ':,; ... :·: .................................................................................. 10 2.3 SITE SURVEYS .................. .'... '.•.•.•.•.•.<·.\ .. .'.............................................................................................. 10 2-4 SOCIAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................ 10 2.5 LITERATUREREVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.6 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................................... 11 2-4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 12 2.5 DISCLOSURE PROCESS ......................................................................................................................... lS 3 CHAPTER 3:- POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................... 16 3.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK ...................... : .... :: ... .'. .'....................................................................................... 16 3.1.1 The National Environment Management Policy, 1994 ....................................... ;................... 16 3.1.2 Uganda's Vision 2025 ............................................................................................................. 16 3.1.3 The Energy Policy, 2001 ......................................................................................................... 16 3.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................ 16 3.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995) .............................................................. 17 3.2.2 National Environment Act, Cap 153 ....................................................................................... 17 3.2.3 The Land Act, 1998 ................................................................................................................17 3.2.4 The Workman's Compensation Act, 2000 ............................................................................. 17 3.2.5 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (2006) ................................................................... 18 3.2.6 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 ......... :................................................ 18 3.2.7 The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lakeshores Management) Regulations, 2000 18 3.2.8 National Environment (Waste management) Regulations, 1999 .......................................... 18 3.2.9 Historical Monument Act, 1§67 ............................................................................................. 18 3.2.10 National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 ...................................................................... 19 3.2.11 Towns and Country Planning Act, 1964 ................................................................................. 19 The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project ii '· >. 3.2.12 National Environment (Conduct and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2003 19 3.2.13 The Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200, 2004 ...... ,, ....................................................................... 19 3.2.14 The Roads Act, Cap 345 ........................................................................................................_.19 3·3 THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES ............................................................................................ 20 3·4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD) ......................................................... 22 3.4.2 The Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) ........................................................................... 23 3·4·3 The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) ................................................ 23 3·4·4 Local Government Administration Structures ...................................................................... 23 4.1 PHYSICAL COMPONENT ....................................................................... ;............................................... 25 4.2 ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT .......................................... ,, ........, .............................................................. 28 4.2.1 FLORA AND FAUNA ......................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.2 AVIFAUNA .....................................................................................................................................31 4.2.3 AGRICULTURAL VEGETATION ...........................................................................................................32 4·3 SOCIAL- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ................................................................................................... 34 4·3·1 ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS .................................................................................................................. 34 4·3·2 lAND TENURE ...............................................................................................................................35 4·3·3 POPULATION .................................................................................................................................35 4·3-4 ETHNIC COMPOSITION .....................................................................,. .............................................. 36 4·3·5 Community livelihood ........................................................................................................... 37 4·3·6 Social Economic Activities ..................................................................................................... 41 4·3·7 Sources of Income ................................................................... :............................................. 41 4·3·8 Communication and accessibility ........................................... ;;: ............................................ 42 4·3·9 Cultural sites .......................................................................................................................... 42 4·3·10 Detailed social analysis ..........................................................................................................42 4·3·10.1 Population Characteristics I Dynamics ............................................................................. 43 4·3·10.2 Education and Marital Status ........................................................................................... 43 4.3.10.3 Religious composition ...................................................................................................... 45 4.3.10.4 lncomes ............................................................................................................................. 45 4.3.10.5 Willingness to pay for Grid E/ectriocity ............................................................................ 46 4.3.10.6 Land Ownership Issues ..................................................................................................... 47 4.3.10.7 Distribution of respondents according to household size ................................................ 48 4.3.10.8 Water sources and Access ............................_, ...._, ............ ;................................................. 49 5 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................. ,50 6 CHAPTER 6:ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES ...............................................................................................................................................51 6.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS .................................................................................. ,........................................... 51 6.1.1 POSITIVE BIOPHYSICAL IMPACTS .................................................... ,................................................. 51 6.1.2 POSITIVE SOCIAL-IMPACTS ............................................................................ ,................................. 52 6.1.3 SUMMARY OF MEASURES TO ENHANCE POSITIVE IMPACTS FOR THE 33KV POWER LINE ........................... 58 6.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AT DESIGN STAGE .................................................. :............................ :.................. 59 6.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................ 60 6.3.1 BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................................................... 60 6.3.2 PHYSICAL IMPACTS .........................................................................................................................62 6.3.3 NEGATIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION OF THE 33KV DISTRJBUTION LiNE ............................ 67 6-4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AFTER CONSTRUCTION ......................- ............................................................... 74 6.4.1 BIOPHYSICAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................................... 74 6.4.2 NEGATIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS DURING THE OPERATION OF THE 33KVPOWER DISTRIBUTION LINE ................. 75 6.4.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY .................................................................. ,............................ 77 7 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP) 80 7.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................80 7.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK IN UGANDA ........................................ 81 7·3 ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN ...................................... V; .............................. ; ................................................ 81 7·4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION IN MONITORING .............................................. 81 7·5 CONTRACTOR'S OBLIGATIONS VERSUS DEVELOPER'S OBLIGATIONS .......................................................... 82 l The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project iii 7.6 COST OF IMPLEMENTING OF THIS ESMMP •.•..••••.••••••.•••.•.••••..•......••.•.••••••.•...•......•..••••...............•••••...••.. 82 7·7 DISCLOSURE PROCESS ...••••.•.•••.•.......•...•.•.•.••••••••.•..•.........•.•••••.•••..•..........••..•..•••.•...........••.•.•.•..•......... 85 8 PLAN FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MITIGATION/ENHANCEMENT MEASURES •••..•.............•.••••••........... 86 9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..........••••••.•.•.•..•.•...........•.•.•..••.•.••............•..••••••...•...........••.••••. 94 10 REFERENCES •..•.•••••••.••••••••••....•..•.•.•.•.•••.•.•.•••....•.•••.••••.••••..•...••.•......•••.•.•.•...••..•.......•.•.•.•.•...•..••.......•• 95 ANNEX 1: LINE DIAGRAM FOR THE RUHIIRA MILLENNIUM VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION INTERCONNECTOR •••••••.•...•.............••.••••••••••...............•••••••.•..•....................•.•..................••••.....................•••••....•..•........•••••• 97 ANNEX 2: SCHEDULE OF SENSITIZATION AND CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS FOR THE EA AND RAP IN RESPECT OF RUHIIRA MILLENNIUM VILLAGE 33KV POWER DISTRIBUTION LINE ........................................................ 98 ANNEX 3: PLANT SPECIES ENCOUNTERED 11\ITHE AREA ..................................................................... 100 APPENDIX 4: THREATENED BIRD SPECIES OF UGANDA ......................................................................... 101 ANNEX 5: BIRDS SPECIES RECORDED AT THE PROJECT AREA ................................................................ 103 ANNEX6: LISTS OF CONTACTED PEOPLE FOR THE EA AND RAP IN RESPECT OF RUHIIRA MILLENNIUMVILLAGE 33KVDISTRIBUTION LINE, .................................................................................. 105 ANNEX6: LISTS OF CONTACTED PEOPLE FOR THE EA AND RAP IN RESPECT OF RUHIIRA MILLENNIUMVILLAGE 33KVDISTRIBUTION LiNE, ..................................................................................106 ANNEX 7: MINUTES OF THE SENSITIZATION AND CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS ALONG THE PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION LINE FOR BOTH EAAND RAP ...................................................................................... 139 The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project iv Acronyms AAAC All Aluminium Alloy Conductor AAC All Aluminium Conductor ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced CFR Central Forest Reserve DEO: District Environment Officer DIZ Directly Impacted Zone il~; EA Environmental Assessment EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMF: Electromagnetic fields ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMMP Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan ERA: Electricity Regulatory Authority q, ERT: Energy for Rural Transformation HV: High Voltage LC: Local Council LOU Laws of Uganda LV Low Voltage MEMO: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development MLHUD Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development MWE Ministry of Water and Environment NEMA: National Environment Management Authority NFA National Forestry Authority, NHTF Natural Tropical High Fore.st OHS: Occupational Health and Safety PAP: Project-affected person(s) PB: Project Brief POP Persistent Organic Pollutants PPE Personal Protection Equipment RAP: Resettlement Action Plan REA: Rural Electrification Agency REF Rural Electrification Fund RGC Rural Growth Centres RMDV: Ruhiira Millennium Development Village· RTI Respiratory Tract Infections ROW: Right-of-Way SWER Single-Wire Earth Return TC Trading Centres TWNR Two Wire Neutral Return UETCL: Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited WB World Bank The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project v Measures and units: km: Kilohletre (=.1 ooo metres) kv: Kilovolt (1000 volts) KVA: Kilovolt Amperes m: Meters The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project vi 'I ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES i)' The land on which the .,praje.cti).will ' . be located. It includes the Construction Distribution power line route, and tracks as well as any other area Area/Site affected or disturbed by construction activities. ABOUTTHEEN~RONMENT The surroundings within which people exist. The environment is made up of: the soil; water and atmo~phere; fauna; flora; any part, Environment combination or interrelationships among these; and all the physical, chemical, aesthet\S~fld ~ultural properties and conditions ~ :: ' ' of the foregoing that influence human health and well being. Environmental 1 A detailed plan of action prepared to organise and co-ordinate Social environmental mitigation, rehabilitation and monitoring so that Management positive impacts are enh,anced and negative impacts and damage and Monitoring to the environment are.. avqHi~d, minimised or rectified where Plan (ESMMP) required. The effect of an activity on the environment, whether desirable or undesirable. Undesirable or negative environmental impacts will Environmental result in damage and I or pollution of, or detriment to the Impact environment or in danger to the public, whether immediate or delayed. Natural and I or human assgsl~ted dust' becoming airborne due to ·: Fugitive Dust ' the for,ces of wind or human activity. Flora and Fauna Any individual or group of micro-organisms, plants or animals. General Waste It includes waste paper, board, cardboard, benign organic and and domestic waste and uncontaminated construction debris such as Construction used paint tins, unused condu~~d~s andearth wires, insulator sets, Rubble nuts, bolts and unused subsoil. Heritage sites and artefacts can be defined as any object or site of Heritage Sites cultural, historical, archaeological or paleontological significance and Artefacts found in or on the land. Historical objects with architectural, The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project vii historical, scientific, cultural, social, spiritual, linguistic, technological or aesthetic value. For example, buildings or parts thereof, gre3ves qrc~Jii·f;~al sites, milestones, numismatic and military h-; Archaeological ., objects include material remains resulting from human activity which are over 100 years old and which are in a state of disuse, such as tools, artefacts, human and hominoid remains and artificial features and structures. Pale ontological objects include any fossilised remains of animals I . or plants ' Potentially dangerous substances that may affect human health and I or environmental health and I or have inherent chemical and physical composition, which could be toxic, poisonous, flammable, explosive, carciJ'lo'genic' or radioactive. Hazardous waste includes, but are;"'hot limited to: human excrement, the by products and wastes; associated with the use of hazardous substances (i.e. used fuel, oi:l,' 'f'~bricant and solvents), as well as items such as spent batteries, old oil filters, light bulbs, tyres, circuit boards, etc. which require special collection and handing. When left abandoned, even Hazardous substances such as scrap metal, wire, tins, broken glass and plastic Substances could be harmful .. to people, wild and domestic animals. For ,','1·1 t. 1." example: plastic could l:)e ingested by animals; people and animals could be injured by broken glass or metal objects; and animals could get trapped in drums, tins and bottles and get entangled in plastic or metal wiring. Even if buried, such objects may become exposed over time ·due to wind erosion, scavengers or future humaq,activities. Because of the sensitive nature of the area, these substances are all regarded as 'hazardous waste' for the purposes of this EMP. Hydrological For the purposes of this EMP, hydrological features include, but are The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project viii Features not limited to: wetlands; open water; vegetated drainage channels; subterranean water; marine environments and estuarine environments. Environmental management measures~\designed to avoid, limit or Mitigation remedy undesirable environmental impacts. Structured observation, measurement· and evaluation of :ntq·s ·'· ··~;· . : . Monitoring environmental data over a period of time to assess the efficiency of environmental mitigation and rehabilitation measures. Rehabilitation Measures implemented to restore a damaged environment. Environmentally sensitive sites include but are not limited to: ; '\, . o Areas with high conservation value due to the presence of important plant specimens, pristine habitats, high biodiversity, important water resources or heritage features and artefacts; Sensitive Sites o Areas particularly prone to erosion once disturbed (steep sldpes); o Vulnerable areas with low potential for rehabilitation I sloyv rate of recovery (rock '•' ~h-1·. ~ outcrqps,,,steep slopes); and ·o:.:rt~ !::~ .'1 o Areas ,-.'in close proximity of sensitive receptors, such as farm homesteads, viewpoints or tourist stopovers. List of Key Personnel List of Key Individuals involved in conducting the Environmental Assessment and preparation of the project brief for the proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project and related low Voltage Networks Key Personnel whose details are listed below have prepared this Project brief:- NAMES RELEVANT QUALIFICATIONS Mr. S. A. K. Magezi Certified Environme~ta~lrac.titloner and Auditor: BSC (Physics-Hons), Pg.ct'eMet), ., Msc. (PP Ass.), Pgd . (Team Leader) (Environ. Management), Cert. in EIA, Cert. Consultancy The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project ix Develo~m ~nt Skills, and over 20 years experience in 1 Envir6'nment Management. Apohia Atukunda She is a NEMA Certified Environmental Practitioner and Auditor with over 15 years of experience in the Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) Sector. She has a Bsc. Forestry, Msc Agriculture in addition to targeted courses in Environmental Resources ManagerheHt including Environment and Sustainable Growth, EIA training and Participatory Rural Appraisal certificate. Eric Sande EIA Specialist in ecology and related biodiversity. He is a holder of a PhD (Environmental Science), MSc. (Ecology) and B.Sc. (Hons) (Botany/Zoology. He has worked as a Lecturer at Makerere University and as the Regional Bird life International Coordinator for Bird life Africa Partnership. Ms. Gertrude B Magezi Sociologist and Certified Environmental Practitioner: BA (Social Sciences), PG cert. in Planning and Devlp. Pgd in Planning; Housing and Building, Pgd in Devlp. and Gender, Cert. Consultancy Devlp. Skills Key: Pgd. = Post Graduate Diploma, Pdd. = Post Doctoral Diploma, PG cert = Post Graduate certificate, Cert = Certificate, Devlp. = Development, PPAss = Pollution Potential Assessment. ... J(); ,, J,. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ·;, .~':.~ ) .··.• 0.1 Background The Government of Uganda has received financ;,jng. from th'e World Bank (WB) towards the cost of the Energy for Rural Transformati~h '(EJ:n) Prpject Phase II and has asked for Consultancy Services to Undertake an Environmental Assessment (EA) and prepare a Project Brief (PB) detailing the potential impacts of the project for the proposed 33kv power line Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project. This is expected to cover the 33kv electricity distribution grid - extension lines and the associated low voltage networks inclusive of at least 49 transformers of various capacities (25KVA, soKVA,100KVA). I The Principal Developer of the project is the R8ral Electrification Agency (REA) while the principal consultant who has been mandated to conduct the Environmental Assessment is RESCO Property Consultant Surveyors in association with Rural Development Associates (RUDES) Limited. This statement comprises the Project Brief for the Environmental Assessment for the proposed Ruhiira Millennium village Rural Electrification project 33kv power Distribution Line and the associated low voltage networks (415/24oV) in the Districts of lsingiro and part of Mbarara in South Western:iRegion of Uganda. In preparing this Project Brief, the potential environmental concerns have been identified and appropriate mitigation measures have been pq)posed,,,~s part of the Environmental Assessment (EA) methodology, Consultation:s~yVUH~'key stakeholders have been done, in ~ .•. ',J 'i; addition to the relevant literature review as v{fell as site 'visits. The main study area is in lsingiro District with a small part in Mbarara District (Mwizi Sub County). 0.2 Description of the Project The total length of the proposed power line is 106.3 Km and covers the Sub counties of Mwizi, Bugamba and Ndeija in Mbarara·District as!well as the Sub Counties of Kabingo, Nyakitunda, Kikagati and Kabuyanda in lsingircfDis~rict. During the construction phase, a number of activities will be done some of which will have socio environmental implications. These will include the following: - ~ Line route survey, profiling & production of final construction design; ~ Clearing of Right-Of-Way (ROW) as necessary along the road reserve, especially clearing trees and bushes; ~ Construction of line structures, accessories and cond&tors; ~ Construction of the low voltage reticulation for the covered Rural Growth Centres and upcoming Towns; . ~ Possible Constru:tion of stora.ge facilitie~l~'}~4h~ proJect materials; ~ Transport operations supportmg the faCilities above .. While conducting the EA for the Project Brief, the Policy, Legal and Institutional set up within whi(::h the electrification project will be managed was reviewed and discussed. This is necessary to enable the project comply with the Environmental law. l. ~ ' ( The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVUI'ag~, ~ural Electrification Project xi t.r ,.:_,_ t.L: , . 0.3 Existing Environmental and Social Economic Conditions of the Project Area The EA baseline information has been,',based on both a review of the available secondary information, discussions yvith a tros~· section of stakeholders and field findings which 1 were conducted at variowstimesr?om April to June 2012. '. Biophysical Environment: - The entire project area has been greatly modified by human activity with only a few relics of the original flora on hill tops. Subsequently, there was no area that was found natural along the proposed 33kV power{pi$,tribution line. All of the study area was completely disturbed with human developments either in form of buildings, fences I hedges, gardens or woodlots. Where there was open grassland, the area was heavily degraded due to overgrazing and the subsequent erosion on the steep slopes. On hill tops where there was some form of flora, ttl'e major tree species found in the area are Ficus natalensis commonly known as Mutuba in (Luganda) and Bark cloth fig in English, eucalyptus species and Grevellea rubusta. The major shrubs found in the area were lantana camara none of which were found to be of significant conservation concern. The vegetation was predominantly agricultural with a variety of crops being grown including maize, sorghum, sweet potatoes and among others. ( ;· :,.~ ,. t.. . However, due to the level of degradatibn'within most of the project area, no mammals were encountered although from available literature, some small animals including a variety of bats have been recorded in the past within the project area. None of the mammal species recorded and reported in the project area is globally threatened or near- threatened. The project will have minimum impact on mammals. As for avi-fauna, the Grey Crowned Crane was the only globally threatened species (Endangered) recorded. Socio Cultural environment: Within the project area, the Distribution line runs through the Sub counties of Mwizi , Bugamba and Ndeija in· Mbarara District as well as the Sub Counties of Kabingo, Nyakitunda, Kikagati and Kabuyanda in lsingiro District. In these districts, the dominant land tenure system is customary with an increasing number of dairy farmers beginning to have their land leased. The dominant ethnic composition in lsingiro and Mbarara districts is the Banyankore with a high number of migrants from f<;m;n~r Kigezi area (Bakiga, Bafumbira and Banyarwanda) most of whom are well settled .. · :The main language of communication is Runyankore. These ethnic groups are mostly of Bantu o:rigin and may be described as homogenous. In general, settlement patterns within the area are not planned as is the case in most of Uganda's rural areas. Most of the project area is within a rural setting although the majority of the houses are either semi permanent or permanent. The proposed 33kv RuhiiraMilleJiriitfmVillage Rural Electrification Project xii . •·· Firewood is the main power source for domestic needs in across the entire project area. Although fuel wood is scarce within the project area, most of the homesteads have developed some eucalyptus woodlots which can serve for both poles as well as for firewood. Within the Ruhiira Millennium Development Village there is an increasing use of solar energy as is the case with a few of the wealthy homesteads across the project area. Otherwise kerosene/paraffin is the main sourc~ for_.,Iighting for most households in the project area. The project area in lsingiro District, does not have a single referral hospital although within the Directly Impacted Zone (DIZ), there are a few health facilities including Ntungu Health Centre II, Ruhiira Health Centre Ill, Bugamba Health Centre IV and Mwizi Health Centre IV all of which are expected to benefit from the power line project. In the project area, firewood continues to be the maini power source for cooking and heating. An increasing number of houses had solar energy for lighting with the majority depending on kerosene. There are a number of Milk cooling centres that use thermal generator for provision of electric power. Such milk coolers will benefit from the power project. 0.4 Significant Environmental Impacts and proposed Mitigation measures:- The Environmental Assessment mainly relied on expert judgment of the team and information derived from, existing literature, field observations and records as well as Information from consultations with key ~takeholqers in the project area. A number of '·.. ., ,,,, , I potential Impacts were identified for both the corstruction and the operational phases of the power distribution Project. Apart from the negative impacts, there were also positive Impacts. These would mostly be observed after the construction phase although there are some short term benefits during the actual construction. Positive impacts include: - • Reduced environmental degradation (future potential) due possible reduction in cutting of trees for firewood ( burning of charcoal was not seen as a major concern in the project area); , • Job Creation mainly for casual workers during constr&:tion; • Improved general life skills for those locals who may get employed on the project; • Improved quality of production and work after the p,q,wer has become operational and possible work satisfaction and increa§~p.~fficiency; · • Improved standards in schools which havlhitherto not had electricity; The Tables 0.1 and 0.2 below provide a summary of the identified impacts during both construction and operation of the line respectively. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project xiii loss of crops road reserve alignment for the distribution line. along the ROW • Compensate all crops and trees at the going rates and and access points in line with the latest specific Districts Compensation rates , ,, 2 Impact on Water • Onlytt,:\e,existir1g roads will be used and no sources/wetlands construction of roads will be encouraged; due to Soil • No poles will be constructed within drainage lines; erosion • Excavations within drainage canals will not be allowed even if of a temporary nature • H and/or M -member structures (thl,ls long span length) II be used in wetland areas in order to ise the im ct on wetland areas 3 Impact on loss of t" ·· Ensure that the habitats are not disturbed by limiting vegetation and the Line along the Road Reserve of the existing road habitats ~lignment. • Limit clearance for construction work and inspection to the necessary extent. • Remove as much vegetation as possible by hand and avoid the use of heavy machinery, especially along the st on Isin hills and other sensitive areas 4 Noise, Vibration • Where necessary, promote dust abatement measures and fugitive dust such as G.ontrol of construction traffic speed limits; and emissions- • Maint~~ri•iahd inspect all equipment and machinery to Increased Dust ensure that they are in good working order and do not and air pollution; produce excessive fumes and noise, • Maintain safety measures in order to ensure the health and well-being of the workers. • All workers will be required to wear full PPE especially those ope;5,~ting cranes and those adjacent to such noise errfitlers. ·/'vehicles transporting materials will be required to observe speed limits especially within population centres ,,. in order to reduce dust levels and minimise ; •. accidents; • During extremely dry conditions when dust becomes a major hazard, dust suppression measures will be undertaken near working areas especially if they are close to settlements. Such suppression measures include water spraying using water sprinkler vehicles to sprinkle tbe road networks leading to the locations under tonstn.iction re 5 Possible The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project xiv Population influx leadership especially the LCs to hire local people to do most of the casual jobs at the project in response to numerous calls by respondents; • Identification tags I uniform will be provided to all the workers supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be property of the Project management will b~,~'y\'ithdrawn from workers when not engaged in the project work; • Good public relations w.ill be maintained between the local community, the Local leadership and the •.·, ~- ' t Contractor · ·· · 6 Security of • The Project Management will sensitise the community Construction about the negative effects of stealing and vandalising materials electrical installation through radio announcements and at community meetings. • During construction the developer to hire only those workers who h.ave been vetted by their local LC councils/ChairpersopS,;' ·· • Equipment to be guarded during construction and all workers will be provided with identification tags to reduce intruders to working areas; • Identification tags will be provided to all the workers supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be property of the Project management will be withdrawn from workers when ,t·r not engaged in the project work; • Registered Security Guards should be recruited to specifically guard project propef!ty. • Work hand in h':"n~~mt~'Iocal se~urity officials including the Secreta for Defence at the local level 7 Settlements and • The design of the distribution lines will pass along the structures Road Reserve which are devoid of settlements • The communities to be sensitised regarding the dangers of high voltage overhead conductors. • In the event a pole or .any stnucture targets a house, then changes will) be made in the design to avoid di such a house. I structure; 8 Hazardous • REA will adhere to their stated procurement guidelines materials and which ensure that all their transformers shall conform waste to latest edition of appropriate EC specifications and/or other recognized International Standards in particular: IEC 6oo6o, IEC60071, IEC60076, IEC, IEC 60137, IEC 601 IEC 60126 IEC6o JEC 60 IEC6o The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project XV IEC6o6o6, IEC6o616, IEC60722, IEC60733, B.S. 148 and BS5493;and • All transformers shall be filled to the required level with new, unused, clean, standard mineral oil in compliance with IEC296 and shall be free from traces of polychlorinated biphenyl (PBCs) compounds. • Poles should be pre-treated at a designated facility to ensure .chemical fixation and prevent leaching into the soil a others. 9 Impacts due to • The workers camp will not be constructed, although construction and equipment storage areas will be necessary. operation of a • Land take related to the equipment storage areas will workers camp; be fully and promptly compensated for in accordance with the Law or they will rent the land and pay in line with contractual agreement with the Landlord; • . Prope_f .~P~~ation facilities will be put in place at the campgit~/Eq~ipment Storage Area; • The Contractor shall be required to submit a Waste Management Plan for the equipment storage area. Other bio-degradable domestic waste will be dumped in a pit while polythene and plastic materials will be collected and recycled. There are a number of factories which have specialised in recycling plastics. • Hazardous waste such as torch batteries will be containerized and later disposed off through established waste disposal agencies; • Other. ha;zardous waste arising out of chemicals at the camp ''will be discharged in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; • Oils and other petroleum products will be containerised so that they are not allowed to sip into the ground. and into the water bodies. Instead they will be sold off or reused as appropriate; • Bins fprJ; . ~iO,Ud waste collection to be placed at the ,, .:d ·- ~-: 4 '1'"1<-), .. c'ontr~ctor's camp and or equipment storage area to ensure that any hazardous waste (Torch Batteries, Oils, and polythene papers etc) are separately collected and .disposed off in accordance with the law. • Se rate bins for able materials to be rovided. 10 • Safety of • Put in place Warning Signs on approaches to the workers and working areas. (especially at corners/ bends, or community stringing across the road) to warn bona fide travellers so that t do not involved in related incidents The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project xvi 1' : _') ·' since the operational areas are near the roads • Fence off equipment storage areas and camp sites to discourage idlers to the sites ~nd institute fire safety measures; • Sensitise the community thrgugh the media and •.'\.'. ·' meetings at locai}~y~l,s~ . ·· · • Workers on proje~t' ~'ctivities will be supplied with full Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE) particularly with respect to boots gloves and helmets; • Warn School children through education and sensitisation about the likely dangers of loitering within the construction zone area. • A First-Aid kit to be provided at every active working site and at the e,qdipment storage area I camp. It should be supplied-and managed by the Contractor; • The Contractor will partner with some of the key NGOs in the area to sensitise communities about HIV/AIDS; • During the construction phase, workers should be sensitised about HIV/AIDS while condoms (both male and femal will be distributed a the workforce. 1 Bio- physical • Ensure that there is a gap of at least 4.0 metres concerns during between energised lines and ground operation of the equipments/earthling. In this way the potential for line electrocuting ground based animals will be reduced. • Design the line with auto-reclosers at certain points. These reclosers arer.pesigned to:detect fault on the line and switch it off and try to redose it after a certain period say 3minutes. The recloser will make three attempts and then leave the line open for someone to physically come and investigate . • 2 • Potential for • In liaison with the Local Government Authorities, the electrocution Developer will sensitise communities about the dangers during of exposed high voltage live wires. This may be done operation of through schools and publicati()p of relevant pamphlets the Line in the local Ia 1 ?ensitizJtion meetings shall be conducted in acentres. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project xvii • Prominent warning signs will be affixed at all installatiqns" to warn the intending intruders from ! . :touchi~ghH~ lines or fixtures. Warning signs will be in · Bright'colours such as red or yellow/amber; • · Communities will be sensitised to report immediately they observe a sagging wire or one that has fallen to ' the ground; • Maintenance personnel will be vigilant inspecting the lines 3 Bush Burning • Communities be sensitised against bush burning; Impacts • The Local Government should enforce the law against bush burning; • The deyeldper or the appointed agent to operate the ,·poweh~ '~istribption may be encouraged to give ··.incentives to people who report those responsible for starting bush fires; • The developer to put in place surveillance mechanisms to reduce this rnn,.r1" The EA Project Brief statement ,, also pr:qyides a time and action bound work plan showing f·' ; . ,:..,;:,: ~ who will address the different impacts and how they will be addressed. The cost of implementing mitigation measures has been estimated at Uganda shilling 42,8oo,ooo/=. This figure does not include the costs which have been included in the BOQs. The cost of compensation including tl;lat of implementing the RAP has been estimated Ugx 545,916,213/=. This figure is subject to variation depending on the issues that arise during construction of the power line. Conclusion This Project Brief report highlights the potential impacts to the environment particularly as they relate to the Ruhiira · MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification 33kv power Distribution Lines and the associatedlowvoltage networks (415/240V) Project. ·"·. ' .' . -~~ A number of benefits have been highlighted and this Project Brief proposes measures to enhance these benefits as they affect the stakeholder community. Mitigation measures and a proposal to put in place an implementation plan have been proposed to ensure that the development is done within the confines of the law with minimum damage to the environment. ' u The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project xviii PROJECT BRIEF FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED 33KV DISTRIBUTION LINE FOR RUHIIRA MILLENNIUMVILLAGE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT .· ~,i . 1 Chapter 1:- INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This Project Brief (PB) Statement is based on the findings ofthe preliminary survey as well as the detailed survey that was conducted~ during the IT)onths of June I July 2012. It also is compliant with the terms of the contract agreement signed between the Government of the Republic of Uganda represented by the Rural Electrification Board of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development on one hand and appointed consultant- Rural Development Associates (RUDES) Limited on the other hand to provide consultancy services in Environmental Assessment (EA) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the proposed 33 kv power Ruhiira - Millennium Village Rural Electrification Project Under Energy For Rural Transformation Phase 11. This project brief for the Environmental Assessment, pr;e~ents the findings of an assessment of the environmental and social i,~PI!Eation~, qf the proposed Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project,pfl;33kV power Distribution Lines in the District of lsingiro and a small part of Mbarara District. A screening exercise was conducted by the Rural Electricity Agency (REA) prior to this study from whose findings they concluded that a Project Brief (PB) would be adequate to mitigate the potential environmental impacts which will arise as a result of the implementation of this electrificati,q,n proje~;t. <" .,_, li.. ' This,project . Brief therefore, is expected to inform the overall project planping_ij!pc;l desigo process for the proposed development. In addition, this PB is further int~'ndE;ld to provide information that will facilitate decision-making by the Executive Director of NEMA on the developer's application. 1.2 Background In order to implement this program, the Governme11t of Uganda has received financing from the World Bank (WB) towards the co.st of the Energy for Rural transformation Project Phase II and has asked for Consultancy Services to Undertake An Environmental Assessment (EA) and prepare a Proj~.~~, :Brief (PB) detailing the potential impacts of the project for the p~qpqs~d 33kV Distribution line Lines of Ruhiira- Millennium Village Rural Electrificatiori Project. This is expected to cover the 33kV electricity power distribution grid. The project area is in South Western Uganda The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 1 in the Districts of lsingiro"pnd part'sqf,'Mbarara District in Mwizi, Ndeija and Bugamba Sub Counties. The projectconsistghl33kv power lines of at least a total route length of 106.3 km and associated low voltage networks at a number of Trading Centres (TC) and Rural Growth Centres (RGC) as is shown in the Line Map (Annex 1) showing the RGCs and proposed transformers. Government is currently in t~e process of implementing rural electrification projects in priority areas under the Energy fq~. Rural Transformation Project Phase II. This consultancy assignment. is finance,d$f:fl(jffi ·the Rural Electrification Fund (REF) under the Rural Electrification' Ag'ency (REA). An Environmental Assessment (EA) for the a proposed development is prerequisite for the construction of the proposed line. This report therefore is the 'Project Brief for the EA for the proposed construction of the Power Distribution Line and associated low Voltage Networks in selected Trading Centres (TC) and Rural Growth Centres (RGC) within the project affected Districts of lsingiro and the Sub Counties of Mwizi, Bugamba and Ndeija in Mbarara District. An independent RAP has been commissioned to which this project brief will contribute. Some findings from the RAP have however been included in the relevant sections of this report. The Distribution Line will fpllow closely the road alignment and within the Road Reserve. No eviction ·of persoN{or'cicquisition of land is anticipated. 1.3 Project Objective The main objective of this project is to provide electricity to rural areas in parts of South Western Uganda which have hitherto not been on the Grid. The affected districts are lsingiro and Mbarara. In this regard, Trading Centres and Rural Growth Centres along the road wiU be supplied with transformers of different capacities based on the projected power con~Jfbption of the area. Furthermore, the Ruhiira MillenniumDevelopment.viiiage ~hich currently is using mostly solar energy will be connected to the main grid with potential for supporting additional industries. This is to be done in the context of the Energy for Rural Transformation Project (Phase II) under the Rural Electrificatibn Agency (REA) in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD). 1.4 Name, Title and Address of the Developer The developer is a designated Agency of the following details: - Rural Electrification Age'lcy Plot 10, Windsor Loop, House of f-jqp~,:2nd Floor (Behind City Oil Kamwokyq}. · ·· P.O.Box 7317 Kampala- Uganda. Tel: 0312 264095/264103/4/4 Fax 04141 346013 Email: rea@rea.or.ug website: www.rea.or.ug The proposed 33kv Ruhiira Millenr)iurn}{.illage Rural Electrification Project 2 ~.?~·~· l. ,·,~~. ' 1.5 Cost of the development The project construction costs are estimated to be US$ 2,521,694.46 (US Dollars Two Million five hundred twenty one thousand six hundred ninety four dollars and forty six cents. 1.6 Objective of the Report This EA report is presented in form of a detailed Project Brief which has been compiled in accordance with National Environment Act Cap 153, guidelines for conducting an Environmental and Social lmpad Assessment (ESIA) and the World Bank's (WB) Operational Safeguard Policies in particular and Donor safeguards in general. The purpose of this Project Brief is to identify the potential impacts that the proposed Ruhiira Millennium Development Electrification F?roject will have on both the bio-physical and social environments. Dw::i.ng this study, potential impacts of all proposed project components have been assessed. The potential impacts mainly relate to construction impacts, Acquisition of the Right of Way (ROW), impacts on fragile ecosystem and social impacts on both the workers and the general community including issues related to, HIV/AIDS prevalence and prevention, the construction or rental/hire of storage facilities for project materials (especially wooden poles and materials/ instpllation equipment) during the construction phase of the Distribution Line project. In order to achieve the above mentioned objective, this Project Brief: ~ documents the baseline biophysical and social environmental conditions; ~ highlights how the proposed project complies with Uganda's applicable National Environmental and Social Legal Requirements as well as those of the World Bank and other appropriate Multilateral Lenders and Development Partners; ~ details the potential negative and positive impacts of the said 33kv power Distribution line Project; ~ proposes recommendations for the mitigation of .~~e identified potential environmental and social impacts; and _.u, l§ ':;\': . ~ establishes a link between the EA and 'supporting Resettlement Action Plan (RAP); The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVill~ge Hur~F~Iectrification Project i'{?. 3 1.7 Project Justification The proposed Ruhiira - Millennium Village Rural Electrification Project 33kV power Distribution line is in part fulfilment ofthe National Rural Electrification Programme. Currently the affected parishes hay~;fno source of electricity apart from occasional generators and solar pow~r among a few rich people. The exception however is at Ruhiira within the jurisdiction of the Ruhiira Millennium Development Village (RMDV). Within this village, solar energy has been tapped to provide electricity for lighting, and pumping of water among others. All the same the said solar electricity is not adequate to support larger or more demanding industries I activities. Apart from RMDV which is· a model ofh:;Ppid development, the project area is a place of intensive agriculture ~hkh re~ulfe~ 'introduction of agro- industries that depend on use of grid electricity:.~Yn spite·'of the increasing use of solar electricity in Ruhiira MDV, the majority of the people in lsingiro District continue to use paraffin for lighting with a significant number still using fuel wood to provide lighting. Within Mbarara, there are a number of well to do homesteads which have resorted to use of solar power mainly for lighting. It is important to note that fuel wood is also scarce in the project area, due to the high population density and intensive agricultural practices. Many eucalyptus woodlots have been planted but not all homesteads have access to the woodlots. In the Sub Counties of Ndeija and Bugamba, most homesteads have planted eucalyptt.~s woodlots which has greatly mitigated against scarce firewood resources. In view of the foregoing, the electrification project will be a much needed catalyst for development in the project area which is currently at the threshold of rapid development especially in agri- business and related activities. Moreover, this project will be critical to concretising the developments which have been planned in both the RMDV and the entire project area by providing sustainable power to the area. It will enha~~e implementation of the R,~rrl ;~!,ectrification. Pr~gra.m, and imp:o:e the ~iving cond1t1ons of the affected people~ The schools and mst1tut1ons that Will 1mmed1ately benefit from this devei;:).': The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 13 Definite The overall significance of impacts isjdetermined by considering consequence and probability using the ratiri~ systerrro·utlined in Table 2-5 below. Table 2-5: Significance Rating Very Low Improbable Very Low Possible Very Low Very Low Probable Very Low & Definite Low & lm robable Lo~ & Possible Low Low & Probable Low & Definite Medium & lm robable Medium & Possible Medium Medium & Probable Medium & Definite Hi h & Improbable Hi & Possible High Hi & Probable Hi & Definite Very Hi & Improbable Very Hi & Possible Very High Very Hi & Probable Very Hi c& Definite Finally the impacts are considered in terms of their status (positive or negative) and the confidence in the described impact significance rating is noted. The classification for considering,the status of impacts and the confidence in assessment is presented in Table 2-6 The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniuiT)}/illage Rural Electrification Project 14 Table 2-6: Impact Status and Confidence Indication impact is adverse (negative) or beneficial (positive). a The degree of confidence in predictions based on Medium available information, the High environmental consultant's judgment and I or specialist knowle 2.5 Disclosure Process The draft final Project Brief will be shared with Stakeholders especially key Lead Agencies and the respective local Governments in lsingiro and Mbarara. Through this disclosure, a feedback will be obtained. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 15 3 CHAPTER 3:- POLICY, LEGAL ANq INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK The purpose of this secti¢h is to set out the legislative, regulatory, and policy context in which the transmission lines being proposed and with which the project must comply. It discusses policy, ~!~gal and institutional framework within which the study was conducted. Relevant . policies have also been reviewed and the relevance highlighted as in subsequent sections below. 3.1 Policy Framework 3.1.1 The National Environment Management Policy, 1994 The overall goal of this. policy is promotion of sustainable economic and social development mindful of th~ needs,]p,f:f~tur~ generations and EIA is one of the vital tools it considers necessary to ensure environmental quality and resource productivity on long-term basis. Therefore, this study is aimed at establishing environmental and social concerns of the planned project and charting out measures to ensure that, the project is implemented along a sustainable path. 3.1.2 Uganda's Vision 2025 . , In 'Vision 2025' Ugandan_s, ,7~t therilselves many goals to achieve by the year 2025. The goals range from political;·' economic, social, environmental, and cultural among others. Concerning the environn:ental goals, Ugandans aspire to have a sustainable social- economic development tha~, ensures environmental quality and the resilience of the ecosystem. As far as the ·quality of life. is concerned, electricity is one of the key ingredients in the quality of life as it facilitates development and industrialization process. 3.1.3 The Energy Policy, 2001 The policy goal is to meet energy needs of Uganda's population for social and economic development in an enviro~mental!t ~-~strinable manner. The policy recognizes linkages between the energy sector and other sectors such as economy, environment, water resources, agriculture, forestry, industry, health, transport, education, decentralization and land use. Since energy development and environmental damage are related, the policy re.cognizes need to mitigate both physical and social environmental impacts of energy projects. 3.2 Legal Framework :I This section presents a summary of the legal and institutional frameworks governing the construction and operation of electrical transmission lines. It also summarizes the relevant lead agencies and departments that administer and monitor issues related to the proposed investment. · i" The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 16 3.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995) The importance of environment in Uganda is recognized by the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda of 1995. This is a supreme law in Uganda. The Constitution provides for inter alia, matters pertaining to land, natural resources, such as rivers and lakes and the environment. Article 245 refers to protection and preservation of the environment. This Project Brief is prepared to ensure environmental and settings in the project area are protected. Therefore, under the Constitution, thE{activitie~.of this Project have to be im.~lem~nted in .a manner that ensures that,~.r,qvifonmen~~l ·and social settings are ut1hzed m a sustamable manner. •' 3.2.2 National Environment Act, Cap 153 The National Environment Act Cap 153 provides the legal framework for the sustainable management of Uganda's environmental resources. Section 20 makes it a legal requirement for every developer to undertake . ~n envir9nmental assessment for projects listed in the third schedule of the Act. E;,lettrical transmission lines are listed in paragraph 10 (b). The implementation of the Project will further be guided by the Approval Conditions that shall be issued by NEMA. 3.2.3 The Land Act,1998 The Land Act provides for the tenure, ownership, and management of land in Uganda. The Act should be read together with the 1995 Constitution that restored all private land tenure regimes, divested the state and vested it directly to the citizens of Uganda. The Act also stipulates that land acquisition can be through private treaty with the owner/lawful occupant or compulsorily in public interest"Aithough no land take is envisaged in this project, the Act is relevant becarys~,( of it,,s 'reference to compensation in addition to the access and use of thie~ Road Reserve for infrastructure developments as well as provision for acquisition of land in the interest of the Public/Government should be mentioned. 3.2.4 The Workman's Compensation Act, 2000 The law requires that compensation be p~id to a, worker, who has been injured or acquired an occupational disease or harmed tn' ~ciY way in the course of his work. Sections 6 and 7 provide for the compensati~n fO'rratal injury ~md 46 months of earning. For any permanent incapacity compensation will be paid in the equivalent of 6o and 72 months earning respectively. Section 15 puts medical examination for an injury to be the Employer's responsibility and prescribes a form of notification of injury to the Commissioner for Labor. The implementation of the project must of necessity provide and ensure that the safety and the health of the workers is not compromised and matters of injuries, accidents and death while at work are all adequately addressed. i The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage~wn:Jl,1Electrification Project 17 3.2.5 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (2006) The Act provides for the prevention and protection of persons at all workplaces from injuries, diseases, death and damage to property. Employers must provide for the protection of workers from adverse weather, provision of a clean and healthy work environment, sanitary comieliiences, ,~lrling facilities, First Aid and facilities for meals. The Act provides for safe. !access ''to the workplaces and safe work practices which applies to this project as· well. 3.2.6 · Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 The procedures for conducting EIAs and guidelines for EIA practitioners and regulatory bodies are stipulated in this document. The guidelines stipulate that the EIA process should be participatory, that is the public should be consulted widely to inform them and get their views about the proposed investment. The developer has the legal obligation to seek the views of the public, persons that may be affected by the proposed project, as well as all other' st-akeholders. In this case, key stakeholders have been consulted in the cou·r:se of the~st~Jcly c.:i'nd their views have been integrated into the study. It also provides a framework for the preparation of a Project Brief which has been the case in this case. 3.2.7 The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lakeshores Management) Regulations, 2000 These provide principles for. sustainable use and conservation of wetlands, riverbanks and lakeshores. The relevance of J~~:S1hJegulations in this study is embedded in the following requirements amd institution ·of measures for protection of wetlands in the implementation of the project in wetland systems in the areas to be traversed by the project. ' 3.2.8 National Environment (Waste management) Regulations, 1999 The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 1999 apply to all categories of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and to the storage and disposal of hazardous waste and its movement into and out of Uganda. The regulations promote cleaner production methods and require a facility to minimize waste generation by eliminating use of toxic raw materials; reducing toxic emissions and wastes; and recovering and reuse of waste wh~r,e~v~rpossible. 1 1 ' 3.2.9 Historical Monument Act, 1967 This act provides for the preservation and protection of historical monuments and objects of archaeological pale-ontological ethnographical and traditional interests. Under this Act the Minister has wide ranging powers to protect any of the above objects and under Section 8, no person whether owner or not shall cultivate or .~ ,:~ .· I , ., plough the soil so as to effect to its detriment any object declared to be protected or The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 18 preserved, and no alteration is permitted on any object declared to be protected or preserved; And under section 11, any person who discovers any object which may reasonably be considered to be a historical monument ,q~,:·~n;· object of archaeological, pale- ontological, ethnographical, and traditional interests is required to report it to the Conservator of antiquities within 14 days of the discovery. 3.2.10 National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 Among others, this Act provides for the sustainable use of forest resources and the enhancement of the productive capacity oNorests~,smd provides for the promotion of tree planting. Any development of the project,through any Central Forest Reserve shall be guided by this Act. 3.2.11 Towns and Country Planning Act, 1964 This Act aims at consolidating the orderly and progressive development of land, towns and other areas whether urban or rural. The Act provides for planning areas and regulation on compensation regardil)g properties within planning areas among others. Both Extension and Distribution Lines have an impact on the Towns and Country Plans of the area considering that the proposed distribution line corridor passes upcoming RGC and Trading centres. Although none of the affected TC and RGC has in place a structural plan, there will be a need to ;anticipate their introduction in the near future. For this reason this Act is. r~J~y:?rit to the proposed project. 3.2.12 National Environment (Conduct and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2003 Section 35 (1) requires that every Environmental Practitioner who has been certified and registered under these regulations shall be subject to the code of Practice and the Professional Ethics prescribed in the Fifth Schedul~. REA used certified EIA '· i ,, ·' ~~ > practitioners who have to comply with this req~!~t,~ent. 3.2.13 The Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200, 2004 Section 16 of the Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200, mandates that Developers who intend to undertake projects with potential impacts on wildlife must carry out an EIA. The Act defines "wildlife" in broad terms to include both animal and plant species. Under this Statute, an EIA is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the NEA, Cap 153, and EIA Regulations, 1998. REA will where applica~le, respect this law while implementing the project. 3.2.14 The Roads Act, Cap 345 The Act creates a Road Reserve, which is bO!JJ19~FIJ?Y parallel imaginary lines no more than fifty feet from the centre of any road. Allt>evelopers of proposed projects must acquaint themselves with the provisions of this Act' so that they do not risk The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 19 prosecution or structure demolition ~hould construction take place within the Road Reserve. Although the Act predates~ tt1e· NEA (Cap 153), it is clear that any Developer must undertake an EIA of· any p~6j~2tthafis likely to affect the Road Reserve. REA will respect this law while implementing the project. 3·3 The World Bank's Safeguard Policies The Bank has ten Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies, a brief description of which is presented in Table 3-1. The operational. policy most relevant to ERT projects. is that for environmental assessmerlt· (EA), contained in Operational Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment.' Wh~re' involuntary resettlement may occur with a project, Operational Policy4.12 will be relevant. The Bank requires an EA of projects proposed for Bank financing to ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. In general, most ERT sub-projects would fall within the World Bank Category B or GoU Category II project categorization. Uganda's environmental requirements are herewith assumed to largely cover the Bank's requirements. On the other hand, by and large, it can be summed that, the requirements of these policies have been taken care of in the provisions of the various national environmental legal frameworks such as; the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, the National Environment Act Cap 153 as well in the various regulations form'ed under this Act such as the EIA Regulations amongst others. Other line legal instruments that take care of World Bank Safeguard Policies include; the Land Act Cap 227, the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act Cap 8/2003 amongst others. Table 3-1: World Bank's Safeguard Policies and their Applicability m the ProJect No. Safeguard Policy Summary of Core Policy Policy Triggered? Reg~irements Yes No 01. OP 4.01 Environr)1ental Screen early for potential Assessment impacts and select appropriate v instrument to assess, .. mtmmtze, and mitigate " potentially adverse impacts. 02. OP 4.04 Natural Habitat The conservation of natural habitats is essential for long- X term sustainable development. The Bank support and expects borrowers to apply, a precautionary approach to Natural resources management to ensure opportunities for The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 20 environment~lly sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. OP 4.09 Pest Support , .· . .c• integrated .> :.\ Management approaches , to pest X management. Identify pesticides that may not be financed under the project and develop appropriate pest management plan to address risks. os. OP 4.10 Indigenous Screen to determine presence Peoples of Indigenous Peoples in X project area. Policy triggered whether potential impacts' are positive or'·"~~:~g~bve. Design mitigation measures and benefits that reflect Indigenous Peoples cultural preferences. 04. OP 4.11 Physical Cultural The Bank supports the Resources preservation . of cultural X properties 0hith (Includes ~ites with · 'archaeological, paleontological, historical, religious or unique natural values. It seeks to avoid impacts on such sites. os. OP 4.12 Involuntary For those who are affected by Resettlement projects, avoid or llflJnimize X involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring .all viable altern,atiye p.roject designs; ~~sist affected persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring_ them; encourage The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rilr1tklectrification Project 21 community participation in planning and implementing resettlement; and provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of lan'ditenwre. o6. OP 4.36 Forests the' Bank' does not finance projects that, in its . opinion, X would involve significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical natural habitats. If the eank~.; determines that forest ~· '··: ',., areas and natural habitats are "·, hot critical and that there are no feasible alternatives to the project and its siting, and that overall benefits substantially outweigh the environmental costs, the Bank may provide project financing provided that appropriate mitigation measures are. incorporated. 07. OP 4·37 Safety of Dams f9F. large dams, technical review and periodic safety X inspections by independent dam safety professionals. o8. OP 7.50 Projects on Ascertain whether riparian international water agreements are in place, and X ways ensure that riparian states are infor:med of and do not object .., ,, "~"~ tb proJect interventions. og. OP 7.60 Projects in Ensure that, claimants to disputed areas disputed areas no objection to X the_proposed project 3·4 Institutional Framework The institutional framework under which the planned project will be implemented will involve the following agencies. They are: 3.4.1 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMO) The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMO) is the lead agency for all energy projects in Uga'nda. Hoyyev~r, its interests are represented in different :• The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 22 capacities by the Electricity Regulatory Authority (E,RA) which issues licenses, and by the Rural Electrification Agency (REA), which~wasf established to initiate and bring ERT projects to fruition. REA is the Fl (in its case, providing subsidies to sponsors) to which environmental monitoring and evaluation responsibilities have been delegated for the ERT programme. 3.4.2 The Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) The Electricity Regulatory Authority is a corporate b,ody established to oversee the implementation of the electricity Act 1999. ~nci~r the Act, E~A is mandated to review proposed investments in the energy sect'or and guide the promoters through implementation. ERA will ensure that, the operations costing of energy from the planned line project will be in accordance with its set standards and tariffs. 3·4·3 The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) NEMA is, in terms of the National Environment Act of 1995; the principal agency for the management of the environment and shall coordinate, monitor and supervise all activities in the field of the environment. NEMA has a cross-sectoral mandate to ensure;'tn '1st June 2,012 from Ntungu Parish shows the of hills characteristic of most of' the ect area. Fig 4-1 Showing the terrain within lsingiro with scattered Housing, taken from Ntun Parish The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 25 4.1.3 Topography '~f t." The Topography of Isitigiro project area is mostly hilly and mountainous in places which are as a result of interactions between long continued sub-aerial denudation and tectonic deformations; ~f underlying structures. Hill summit levels on average reach over 16oo metres above mean sea level. The hills are characterised by long partly flat-topped ridges where most of the roads have been made to pass. The tops of ridges can be rocky (Fig 4-2) a sign of past episodes of soil erosion which is currently being accelerated by intensive agricultural practices in the area. Within the Mbarara portion, the terrain is also hilly although the roads (Ndeija and Bugamba) pass along the contours ~nd ofteri, clpser to the lower sides of the hills . . ::}J :\,\0~ Fig 4-2: Flat topped Ridges across most of the project area that have been exposed soil erosion. 4.1.4 Geology and Soils The geological formatiorrs: of the project area comprise of the basement complex comprises a complex of Proterozoic rocks which are largely of Karagwe-Ankolean and bits of granitoids Precambrian rock systems. Along the proposed line, the soils are characteristic of Ankole soils which are mostly loamy with proportions of sand. In places they are rocky. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 26 4.1.5 Hydrology and Water Resources Due to the nature of the terrain, the drainage of the project area is well developed such that most streams drain southwards towards either the Kagera river or to the south East into Lake Victoria. From Ruhiira area, the te"rrain leads into the Kagera valley which is on the edge of the proposed transmission line (Fig 4-1). 4.1.6 Excavations and Disposal of soils,~~~}· ,:tt ,.· There are no preliminary works and no excavations of soils have taken place. Apart from ongoing agricultural activities, for the most part the ground remains intact. There is however noticeable degradation due to overgrazing in several places which has exposed the land to increased soil erosion during the rainy season. 4.1.7 Climate '.'t The project area receives a bimodal rainfall pattern with a mean total rainfall ranging between goo and uoomm based on data from the nearby Mbarara meteorological station. The rain seasons normally occur from mid or late February to May and from Late August/Early September to December. The temperatures range from a mean minimum of 17 degrees centigrade to a mean maximum of 30 degrees centigrade. It experiences south easterly winds with moderate mean ,,pecoming slightly higher during the dry seasons. In terms of visibility, the area is gene.rally with a good visibility which reduces to haziness during the dry season and foggy during the rainy season. There are as a result two dry seasons. 4.1.8 Air Pollution and Noise The project is within a village setting with minimal vehicular movement that could lead both to noise and vehicular emissions from fast moving vehicles. However the area is rapidly developing due to the rapid agricultural extension now going as well as the transformation brought about by the Ruhiira Millennium Development Village. This will in the future increase motor vehicle based emissions including dust, noise and oxides of carbon and nitrogen. Apart from th .i~~·· .... ~··'' ·' drains hence blocking dr9,iQ(:lge. lri'thl~· case there is potential for dumping waste at electrical installations (Poles) which could lead to fires. 4.1.10 Infrastructure '';f No major infrastructure was observed that is likely to be affected by the distribution Line. 4.2 Ecological Component The section below provides the ecological,findings in the project area that is likely to be impacted by the proposed Dl~trlbution line. The project area was visited and ' ,,, ' '' + covered in order to identify any species· or ecosystems that would be adversely affected by the proposed development. The assessment focused mainly on plants, birds and mammals. For the plants, since the area was rather narrow but quite long, the assessment involved walking along short areas ~nd driving along other sections. This was aimed at identifying any species of ab~151H'Oation concern or ecologically significant ecosystems. '(iil\ Mammals were surveyed ~.ccording to their category. There are generally two categories, the large and the. small mammals. These two require different strategies for their inventory. Presence of larger mammals e.g. primates, carnivores etc. is normally recorded through direct observation for the diurnal species and through indirect indicators of their presence for example foot prints and faecal material droppings. Another method that is normally used is through interviews with people who stay in the study/ project area. On the other hand, presence of smaller mammals is surveyed using traps or• lj1ist nets according to the species of interest. However, given the limited time Jpefr:mitted for the field survey, plus the degraded state of the area it was not thought worthwhile to conduct detailed surveys using traps. Information was therefore only gathered through observations and interviews from the people found in the area and the District State of Environment Reports. With regards to birds, the teani was aware that. Birds are very important in conservation and environmentaJ i.t;npact assessments because they are good indicators of general biodiversity. 'A.reas rich in birds have been found to also be rich in other biodiversity. Bir,ds can be categorised according to habitat. The habitat The proposed 33kv Ruhiira' MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 28 categories include forest specialists (FF), forest edge species (F), forest visitors (f), species restricted to wetlands/open waters (water bird 'specialists) (W), waterbird non-specialist-often found near water (w) and grassland species (G) (Caswell, et al 2005, Bennun et al1996). ' ~., Birds have been found useful as biodiversity i'rl~it\t~rs b~cause they are: • wide spread, they occur in all habitats (Forest, gras'sland, water, cultivation) • diverse, yet there are few problematic species in identification • taxonomically well known and stable compared to plants whose nomenclature keeps changing, • relatively large, conspicuous- easii.Y surveyed with simple methods like :" l observations, use of calls to record'p~esen.c~:.or absence, 1 • Appealing and many people especial '1y tffe'"tourists. Good bird watchers have collected lots of data on their distribution' and status 'and are willing to share this information, • mostly active during the day (compared to many mammals, amphibians), • Specialized in their habitats in some cases eg forest or water bird specialist. The disappearance of such species in an ecosystem can be used to assess the health of that particular ecosystem or the extents of.degradation. 4.2.1 Flora and fauna . , 'li;c The entire project area has been greatly mo?Jti,e,~ 9;y hurn~n; activity with only a few relics of the original flora on hill tops. Subse~t.tently, there was no area that was found natural along the proposed 133kV power Distribution line. All of the study area was completely disturbed with human developments either in form of buildings, fences I hedges, gardens or woodlots (Fig 4-3 to 4-4). Where there was open grassland, the area was heavily degraded due to overgrazing and the subsequent erosion on the steep slopes. On hill tops where there was some form of flora, the major tree species found in the a tea are fi(JUS natalensis commonly known as Mutuba in (Luganda) and Bark cloth' fig.rin ·;English~ · . eucalyptus species and Grevellea rubusta. The major shrubs found iri the area were lantana camara also known as lantana, curse of India. The list of different vegetation communities and species found in the area are given in Annex 3 to this PB. None of them were found to be of significant conservation concern. They were not of restricted range nor economically threatened both internationally and nationally. The vegetation was predominantly agricultural with a variety of crops being grown e.g. maize, sorghum, sweet potatoes, beans, etc. these small gardens are interspersed with eucalyptus and pine woodlots and banana plantation The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 29 " (' Fig 4-4: Ruhiira Millennium village shows the scale of human acti In view of the foregoing, the chances of finding conservation-worthy plant species were very limited indeed and none was found. It is well known that Uganda ,has. 330 mammal species 45 of which are of conservation significanc~. 1 (7 are. ~dCikngered, 20 are vulnerable, and 17 are near- threatened) (IUCN 2008 (·Appendix 3). However, due to the level of degradation . within most of the project area, no mammals were encountered. Interviews with people found in the area indicated encounters with small mammals such as rats and rabbits plus domestic animals like dogs, goats, chicken and cows. No herps were encountered at all during the survey. Nevertheless according to available literature, some small animals have ·been recorded in the past within the project area. According to Kingdon (1964.a), t~e ':f~Howing small mammals (rodents) have been recorded in the project;• area: Rgd~legged Sun Squirrel Heliociurus rufobrachium, Unstripped Ground Squirrel Xerus rutilus, Bush Rat Aethomys kaiseri, Mus triton, Mus minutoides, Shaggy Swamp rat Dasymys incomtus, Unstripped Grass rat Arvicanthis niloticus, Brush-furred Mice Lophuromys sikapus, Cane rats Thryonomys gregorianus. Secondly the same author, Kingdon (1964b) a number of bats have been recorded in the project area. They include the following: - • Egyptian Rousette Bat Rousettus • African Epauletted Bat aegyptiacus, Epomophorus gambius, • Angola Fruit Bat Lissonycteris'l,?':\ l ., • Yellow-winged Bat lavia fronsand angolensis, • Horseshoe Bats Rhinolophus • Straw-coloured Fruit Bat Eidolon landeri. helvum, ~~ !',; ~~\~~· ' The proposed 33kv Ruhiira Millenniuh1Village Rural Electrification Project 30 None of the mammal species recorded and reported in the project area is globally threatened or near-threatened. The project will have minimum impact on mammals. 4.2.2 Avifauna Regarding Avifauna, Uganda's avifauna is b~~~~~r ~hown compared to other taxa. The country is endowed with 1007 bird species, of which 10 a're globally endangered, 13 globally Vulnerable and 27 Near-threatened (Caswell, et al 2005, Bennun et al 1996, Birdlife International 2012a, Annex 4). 6o species of birds were recorded in the project area (Annex5) including one globally Endangered species (Grey-crowned Crane) (Fig4-5). Stevenson and Fanshawe, (2002) was used in identification. These are mainly non-forest species, grassland species and species found in cultivations. Grey Crowned Crane was the only globally threatened species (Endangered) recorded. The Grey Crowned Crane has recently been up listed from Vulnerable to Endangered because threats such as habitat loss and the ill.egal removal of birds and eggs from the wild have driven very rapid dedine:S during the past three generations (45 years) (BirdLife International 2012b). The Grey Crowned Crane has a global population of 47,000-59,000 individuals (Uganda has 3,ooo-2o,ooo individuals) and a very large breeding and home range of 630 ha and 2880 ha respectively (Meine and Archibald 1996; BirdLife International 2012b). Grey Crowned Cranes require mixed wetland-grass,land habitats. They typically nest within or on the edges of wetlands, while lor~,g:ing in wetlands, nearby grasslands (Fig 4- 5), and croplands. Nesting usually occurs in wetlands,where the vegetation is significantly high to conceal the cranes and their nests. The project activities will have minimum impact on birds in general and the Grey Crowned Crane in particular. A mitigation measure of stringing conductors in .a horizontal alignment shall be employed to minimise the impact of trapping and electrocuting flying birds in wetland areas. . .( The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Ru.r;al ~lectrification Project 31 4.2.3 Agricultural \l~getation As described above, agriculture is the dominant economic activity in the whole of the project area. There are also a number of dairy activities on the hills which has led to some levels of overgrazing. Almost every household is involved in subsistence agricultural activities with bananas being the main crop. Apart from being a food crop it has become an important cash crop in the area. The other crops include maize, sorghum, Irish potatoes, cassava, eucalyptus and pine trees, all of which are transforming into cash crops (fig4;:6 -4L9). The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 32 From bottom left hand corner ·Fig 4.6~ .Bananas intercropped with Trees 'aloJ1g·t'ti.e likely line route in Ruhiira Fig 4.7: Sorghum growing in Kabuyanda Sub County along the proposed route line Fig 4.8: Irish potatoes close to the proposed line route Fig 4;9: Eucalyptus and Pine trees ny paJits; · 0f the Road reserve within the Subcounties of ndeija and Bugamba in Mbarara District as seen here in ndeija Sub County. Some vegetables and fruits are equally produced for cash such as tomatoes, cabbage, and onions. Due to the scarcity of fuel wood as well as the need for construction poles, Eucalyptus tree planting is becoming a significant economic I agricultural activity. Some of these trees are intercropped with other agricultural crops and within Bugamba and Ndeija sub counties, the trees are lined along either sides of the Road Reserve (Fig4.9). All property that will be affected by the project shall be compensated for as indicated in the Resettlement Actioql.h.Pian undertaken for the project. Wetlands Due to the nature of the terrain, wetlands of major ecological concern within the Directly Impacted Zone (DIZ) in lsingiro were not encountered. Moreover in lsingiro, the roads were designed to move along the ridges where the proposed distribution line is likely to pass. Within Bugamba andNdeija{Mbarara District), there a number of wetlands many of which have been drained and ~are currently an expanse of dairy farms. The project line does not go near the wetlands except at one point at the boundary of Ndeija and Bugamba subcounties where the line encounters Kangoro swamp I Wetland. The wetland is degraded on the RHS while the LHS remains failry The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 33 ' ' ; ~: intact and with original papyrus reeds. The length of this swamp is 150 metres with a chance that only one of the,, poles may be located within the wetland (Fig4.10 ). The impact on the wetland is therefore very minimal and insignificant. Fig4.10: Kangoro Wetland which the line will cross. The proposed line traverses 150 Metres through it. It is degraded to the RHS whule relatively intact on the LHS. Further upstream (to the LHS) the wetland has been greatly modified and large expanses have been turned into dia farms. 4·3 Social - Economic Developments : '~· lsingiro District was curved but ofpresent day Mbarara District. A survey showed that it is rapidly developing ih terms of increased agricultural production although its hilly terrain means that agricultural mechanisation will be difficult to achieve in the long term. There is evidence of';land degradation on some of the slopes due to mainly erosion and un-sustainable methods of production I grazing. The following paragraphs describe specific socio economic concerns in the context of this Project Brief. The sub counties of Mwizi, Bugamba and Ndeija are within Mbarara District. It · is fairly well developed and depends for its cash incomes from dairy farming, coffee and banana plantations. 4.3.1 Administrative Units In this project area, the propos~d '.Distribution line runs through mostly lsingiro district with only a small part extending into Mbarara District. The line will traverse the following sub counties as shown under Table 4.1 below:- Table 4.1: The sub counties and parishes through which the distribution lines will pass in the project area The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 34 Saturday Clesensio Nyakarambi Mubangizi Christo he Mbarara Mwizi Rukarabo Rurema Vena Kigaaga Bugamba Rushegera Goerge ( 0758092866) Kibin Ba'twaza Arnold ( 0752480491) . Rwei Ndeija Apollo Federo 4·3·2 Land Tenure The dominant land tenure in the project area is customary/ Kibanja tenure system. The respondents however tend to confuse customary with freehold as they assume that customary land is 11free"! 4·3·3 Population As stated above, the Distribution line falls in the Districts of isingiro and Mbarara. The different Sub counties and parishes together with their populations are shown in Table 4-2 below. These are the directly affected Sub counties traversed by the The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 35 ~ ~· proposed power distribution line project. It should be noted that the parishes of Kyabinunga and Kamubeizi are relatively new and are not explicitly picked in the Population and Housing census statistit~ Source: Adapted from the estimates for the 2012 Population by U BOS From Table 4-2, the affected population within the directly affected parishes is 95,100 of which 45,900 are male and 49,200 are female (2012 Population Estimate by UBOS). Apart from Trading Centres, most of the homesteads are scattered in keeping with the culture in western Uganda. 4·3·4 Ethnic Composition Although the district of lsingiro was part of Ankole, there are an increasing number of migrants especially from former Kigezi region. This is evident right from lgayaza all the way to Ruhiira. Nevertheless the dominant ethnic group are Banyankore followed The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 36 by the Bakiga. The minor groups include Baganda, Bafumbira, Banyarwanda and Bahororo. The main language of communication is Runyankore. This is also true for the portion in Mbarara District (comprising of Mwizi, Bugamba and Ndaija Sub Counties). Further south towards the Tanzariia;n bord'E!f there is the Nakivale Refugee Settlement which was opened in tfl€·fg6'o's and has continued to receive refugees mainly from Rwanda. Nakivale Refugee Settlement is around Lake Nakivale which with its sandy beaches and expansive open ground is a potential site for future tourism. It is significant to note that the above described ethnic groups are mostly of Bantu origin and may be described as homogenous. All the/same they are all patrilineal with men dominating the decision making process. It is these men who are likely to make the decisions regarding the use of electricity in the homes. 4·3·5 Community livelihood Housing and settlements In general, settlement patterns within the area are not pjpnned as is the case in most of Uganda's rural areas. Most of the project area is within a rural setting although the majority of the houses are either semi permanent or p~rmanent. The houses are scattered around the different farming villages and are mostly of iron sheet roofs. The RGCs are just upcoming with the ex.ce,J?JiQn~;of thos~ where there are large matooke collecting centres such as Ruhiira and Ntungu. It is these RGCs that will benefit from the grid extension. The main centres to benefit include: - lsingiro • lgayaza • ~tungu. '. • Kyabinunga ., . ,Burambira . • Omukinazi • Ruhiira (Omukanaara) • Nyakitundu • Ruhiira Health Centre • Biremo • Omuruti Mbarara • Mweya • Omuki~aare • Kabuterera • Rukaraba • Rushanje • Kabatangye • Bugamba • ·qmukihangire • Rwebogo ~·~:~ Omukabugo • Kabura The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 37 Energy As else where in Uganda, Firewood is the main power source for domestic needs in and across the entire project area. Although fuel wood is scarce within the project area, most of the homesteads have developed some eucalyptus woodlots which can serve for both poles as well as :J:f()P firewood. Within the Ruhiira Millennium Development Village there is an increasing use of solar energy as is the case with a few of the wealthy homesteads across the project area. Otherwise kerosene/paraffin is the main source for lighting for most households in the project area. A survey conducted for this study, showed that electricity is welcome in the project area and that the majority (see Fig 4.11) of respondents (85-4%) strongly needed electricity for lighting their houses and work places as well as for providing security lighting. A significant proportion (g.6%) thought they would need it for ironong. As elsewhere in the country only a few of the respondents thought they would need it cooking (4%) while those who hoped toindulge in industrial activitiy were at 1.9%. It is to be noted that the industrial '9~'" yvorkshop services mentioned by respondents include phone charging, saloons, battery charging, maize mills, molding tables, chairs and beds as well starting up refrigerating services. ,, ,,, The proposed 33kv Ruhiira Millenriiu'hlVillage Rural Electrification Project 38 Fig. 4.11: Proportion of respondents accorditJg ~o their need for electricity among the PAPs ' Need for Electricity Lighting Cooking Industry /Worksho p Source: Field Data, 2012 Recreational facilities/Eco tourism For the most part there are no well organized recreational facilities for the community. These are limited to bars and drinking joints within the RGCs. The fairly organised place is within Ruhiira Millennium v'illage where there, is some form of recreation. Beyond the project area towards Kagera Valley and Lake Nakivale area, there is potential for future· recreational activities based on the waters of Lake Nakivale and Kagera River. These are yet to be exploited. Health Services The district of isingiro does not have a single referral hospital. The health facilities in the district include the followi Referral Hos ital Health centre IV 3 Government Health centre Ill 14 7 owned by 7 Owned by NGOs Government Health centre II 35 32 3 Owned by NGOs Government ' . The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillag~ R.urai'Eiectrification Project 39 Within the Directly impactetd Zone, the follpwing health facilities will benefit from the Grid electricity. • Ntungu Health Centre II (Isingiro) • Ruhiira Health Centre II (Isingiro) • Mwizi Health Centre IV (Mbarara) • Kangoro health Centr.e II (1\.f:lbarpra) • Bugamba health centre IV ~·Mbarara) The main challenge for the health centres in the DIZ of the project area is lack of grid electricity. This has made stdrage of medicines especially vaccines difficult. As elsewhere in most of Uganda the disease burden is dominated by Malaria. The survey among respondents (the directly Project Affeced people) showed that Malaria (68.2%) was the most common disease that affected households followed by Coughs and RTI (27-4%). The other diseases were not that common among the PAPs as shown in Table 4·3 below. ;j Table 4·3= Percentage distribution on the common diseases faced by households among the PAPs S/No Type of common disease Percentage {%) 1 Malaria 68.2 .. 2 Diarrhoea 1.g ,, 3 Coughs/RTI 27-4 4 Worms~.: o.s 5 HIV/AIDS 1.5 6 Others o.s Total 100 Source: Field data, 2012 The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 40 4.3.6 Social Economic Activities The dominant economic activity in lsingiro is farm1ng with residents growing crops and tending to animals. Up to 69% of the 'pedple 'within the project area do keep animals and or poultry. Of those impacted people who keep animals and/or birds, the survey found out that the majority kept goats (43.3%) followed by those who kept poultry (23-46%). A good number of respondent also practiced piggery (20.1 %), and some kept cantle (12.6%) as well as other animals like rabbits ( o.6%). As stated above, almost every household is involved it:l subsistence agricultural activities with bananas being the main crop. Apart from being a food crop it has become an important cash crop in the area. The other crops include maize, sorghum, Irish potatoes, cassava, eucalyptus and pine trees, all of which are transforming into cash crops. From the field survey, it was established that Banana was the most common food crop grown within the households (especially along the feeder roads along which the power distribution line is expected to pass) with 66.6o% of the respondents reporting bananas followed by maize, beans, Sweet-potatoes, Cassava, irish potatoes, vegetables among tothers. Although Banana is a major food crop, it does,.~erJe as the cash crop in the project area. Other cash crops include mangoes, oranges and jack-fruits (49.9%) as their cash crops. Equally bigger proportions of the respondents grew eucalyptus trees (30.2%) and coffee as their major cash crops (6.4%) respectively. Smaller proportions of the respondents grew other cash crops like tea, sugarcane, vanilla, horticulture, pine trees. These have also improved their livelihoods as their source of incomes. Within Mbarara District especially the Sub counties of LY\wizi, Bugamba and Ndeija there is mixed farimg locally intese with well developed dairy farms. Moat of the home steads do have eucalyptus woodlots many of whgkh are along the road and within the road reserve such that they will be din~ctoly '• affected by the proposwed distribution line. 4·3·7 Sources of Income In order to assess the sources of income, a survey was conducted among the potentially project affected people. It was found that the majority of the households earned their income through agriculture on the project affected land (57.4%) and that 16% earned their income from agricultural ~ctivJtie's on land elsewhere, salaries from business which they carried out on the project affected land. Few respondents (7.9%) earned from their own salaries while 9.7% of the respondents also earned from The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 41 business located elsewhere. A very small proportion ( 0.7%) of the respondents earned from transfer income which was in terms of pensions and hand outs. 4·3·8 Communication and accessibility The project area can be accessed by road from at least three different sides all of which lead to Mbarara Municipality. The first one is the main lsingiro road from Mbarara Municipality where one l;>racnes L .1, ,,,' • •: off at lgayaza - the commencement of the project line. The second 'isafter <:ohtiriuing past lgayaza, the project area may be approached from lsingiro side parallel to the Kagera River through Biremu - a fairly long route. The third route is through Ruti (Off Kabale Road) through Nyakayojo Parish to Kabura/Mwizi where the Mabrara portion of the project starts and ends in Ndeija Sub County next to Buteraniro Town Coucnil via Bugamba Subcounty. All the telecommunicatio11 comparyig~~ are well represented in the area and the mobile telephone is a handytool fbi-'ef5'~of communication. ,i_t1)\';: ' 4·3·9 Cultural sites · There are no cultural sites directly affected by the project in the vicinity of the proposed line. None were seen. 4.3.10 ·Detailed social analysis After receiving the data sheets from the field covering the project area, the data was edited, and coded before it could be analyzed. The data entry screen and questionnaire file were designed With the help of EpiData Version 3.1 software. Data from the field questionnaires were entered, checked for inconsistencies and validated and finally exported to the improved version of the SPSS Software version 16 for data analysis. Epi Data software was chosen because it is the best software for data entry since it designs a data entry screen to appear like a questionnaire itself, it provides an option for range and consistency checks and it is excellent in double entry and validation for the same data and comparison of any differences. Two levels of analysis were peEfd'rrfr~d. Univariate analysis involved the use of frequency distribution ta'bl·es, bar graphs and pie-charts. Various measures of central tendency and dispersion like the mean, mode, median, maximum, minimum and range were also done for easy interpretation of the findings . .V' The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 42 Secondly, Bivariate analysis was performed with the use of cross tabulations like 2 Pearson chi square (X ) to establish the relationship between the dependent and 2 independent variables. The Pearson chi Square (X ) was derived as follows. x: =I IH J-i (ou-Eu )2 Eu . ... ... ... . . . . .. . . . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... . (1) With (n-1) degrees of freedom Where, Oij is the observed frequency in row i and column j Eij is the expected frequency in row i and colu.[.Jl_p,j. ,, 4.3.10.1 Population Characteristics I Dynamics All the respondents interviewed were adults as there was no child-headed household found among the selected groups who were interviewed. The majority of the people interviewed were males. In the local community, males are the decision makers and will be the ones to make the decision whether,to use the electricity in their homes or not. This is expected because of the society which is mostly patrilineal. The majority of the respondents (57%) were aged 40-69 followed by those aged between 21-39 years (34.3%). There was a significant minority of those aged 70 and above years at 8.1%. The impacted population is on the whole youthful with the average age among all the respondents at 46 and actually most of the respondents were aged 45 years. The median age of the respondents was 45 years. The oldest person according to the survey was aged 99 years and the youngest was of age 20 which gave the age range of 79 years. 4.3.10.2 Education and Marital Status . \~.'.; ~l.· . ~ ,·j .) . The majority of the respondents were married (87.6%) followed by those who were widowed (7.6%) as shown in Fig 4.12 below. Few of the respondents had separated ( 0.3%) while others were still single (4.5%). i. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 43 r~ ' -: ,., . , Figure 4.12: Percentage distribution respondents according to their Marital Status ,. : ' ~-·· ~;~ ' . ,,0.3%' 4.5% I Marital Status Married Single •Widowed 11 Separated Source: Field data, 2012 The Majority of respondents had attained primary education (52.3%) followed by those with at least secondary educati;~51.(20.2%)- Fig 4.13. Quite a significant number of respondents had no. formal education (17.6%) while the minimum number of respondents had acquired tertiary education ( 10.0%). This level of education is just modest although with adequate sensitisation, they will be able to use grid electricity. Fig 4.13: Percentage distributions of respondents according to their highest level of Education. 60.0% U) .4J 50.0% s:l 40.0% G> 'tS 30.0% 2 s:l 0 20.0% c.. U) G> 10.0% ~ 0.0% Ctot 0 No Primary Secondary Tertiary ~ 0 Education University Level '1 . •)','···' of Education Source: Field data, 2012 The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 44 4·3·10·3 Religious composition Like in most parts of Uganda, most respondents professed to belong to some established faith. The majority of the respondents confessed to Christianity. The majority of the respondents were Protestants. (53.1%) followed by Roman Catholics (43.2%). Pentcoastals were 1.7% followed by 'Moslems at 1.3% as shown in Fif 4.14 below. Most of these religious institutions have prayer houses /places which will potentially benefit from the grid power. Fig 4.14: Percentage distribution respondents according to their religion. Religion Catholic Muslim Source: Field data, 2012 4·3.10.4 Incomes As stated above, for most of the respondents, most of their income was from agriculture either on the land where they live or from land elsewhere. Up to 71.4% of the income is directly from agriculture (both on the affected land and on land else where). Followed by earning from other bussi11eses at 13.7% followed by those who earned a salary (7.9%). A very small proportion ( 0.7%) of the respondents earned from transfer income which was in terms of pensions and hand outs. The analysis of the monthly income estimate among households indicated that (62.0%) of the total respondents earned 1o,ooo-1oo,ooo/= followed by those (24.7%) who earned between Uganda Shillings 100,001-300,ooo. Few respondents (8.9%) reported their incomes above 30o,ooo/= per month as shown in Fig 4.15 below. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 45 Fig 4.15: Percentage distribution of households according to their monthly earnings 70.0°/o tn 60.0%) 50.0°/o ~= 40.0°/o 4) = 30.0% 0 ~ tn 4) ~ 20.0°/o c... 10.0% 0 ?ft. 0.0°/o Below 10,000 - 100,000- 300,000 10,0001= 100,000 I= 300,000 I= and Above ' H.ousehold Income Source: Field data, 2012 4.3.10.5 Willingness to pay for Grid Electriocity Due to the level of income within mosfof the project impacted people, many of them are not willing to pay ali, ~ppropriC)te amount for the energy used. From the survey, it was established that the majority of respondents (so.g%) can only afford to pay s,ooo/= and below per month. (32.3%) of the respondents can only afford to pay between s,ooo/= -1o,ooo/='·"followed by those (13.7%) who can afford to pay from 10,000 - 20,000/=. It was noted that very few respondents (3.0%) were willing to pay 2o,ooo/= and above for the consumption of electricity (Fig 4.16). · The proposed 33kv Ruhiifa MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 46 Fig 4.16: Percentage distributions of respondents a~cording to the affordable costs. 60.0°/o 50.0°/o 40.0°/o 30.0% 20.0°/o ~ ?ft. 10 .0°/o 0.0°/o +~--~~-·~,~~--~~~-,~~---·~~-~~··~-~--~~~----~--~- 0- 5,000- 10,000- 20,000 - Over- 5,000/= 10,000/= 20,000/= 30,000/= ,,,, 50,000/= Affordable Electricity costs ,,, . ' Source: Field Data, 2012 l ' ·~ 4·3·10.6 Land Ownership Issues The biggest proportion of 99.3% of the respondents indicated that they owned their land, followed by those who co-owned with others. Few of the respondents were co- tenants ( 0.2%). The majority of the land owners had bought it with a significant proportion having enherited it as shown in Fig 4.17 below. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rur~I~,Eiectrification Project 47 Fig 4.17: Percentage distribution respondents' means of acquiring land 70.0% ,fl60.0% = ~50.0% = 8.40.0% til &!30.0% '020.0o/o ~ 10.0% 0.0°/o ~----~---"·~------------~----·------,--~--------.-------~· Bought 'Remting Inherited Given as Just a gift settled Land Source: Field data, 2012 The majority of the respondents (81.1%) were said to be staying in public land or customary land. These were followed by respondents (10%) who were on inherited a land with no titles. Only handful of the respondents ( o.g%) had possession of land titles. Moreover, the majority of the respondents (83.5%) had just agreements for their lands followed by (15.3%) of the respondents who never had any documentation for their lands. Like many rural districts in Uganda, very few people had land titles ( 0.8%) which pose a great danger of evictions from land grabbers. Perhaps due to lack of sensitization from the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development could explain such findings since com:111unity members are not aware of the benefits of land registration and land titles. 4.3.10.7 Distribution of respondents according to household size According to the housing structure in the area where the families live in clustered family units, the household size tends to be big. The majority of the respondents in households (88.4%) live with about nine people followed by (11-4%) who live with 10- 19 people. It was found out that only two respondents lived in households of more than twenty members ( 0.2%) among the directly affected people. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 48 4·3-10.8 Water sources and Access There is still a high number of people fetching their domestic water from Rivers and Swampy areas (26.9%) almost as many as those wbo fetched water from protected wells (30.6%). The rest of the respondents fetch~d'their water from boreholes, piped water and rain water. For many people the water source is still far from their household with only 58.1% living within a kilometre of theirwater source. Moreover the terrain in the project area is hilly making the task of collecting water from the valleys a tedious job. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 49 I . .I .t' 5 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES In considering alternatives, the choices were very few. It had been proposed that the proposed line goes along the present road alignment and within the Road Reserve. That is alternative A. The second alternative is the do nothing alternative which. leaves the status quo as is which is alternative B. The third alternative is to use a combination of thermal generatdrs with solar electricity to provide for those who could afford the systems·""" Alternative't: ,, For alternative A, it was found that the choice of following the present road alignment was viable due to the following reasons:- • The roads were designed to avoid any environmentally sensitive ecosystems. The roads pass along the flat area of the ridges without tracing a steep incline; • Although there are man:y crops fi'trees within the Road Reserve, most of the houses were a good qistance from the main road; • The cost of construction would be lower along the road alignment as opposed to opening new lines altogether, mainly because of the hilly nature of the project area. However, use of hill tops will be applied in areas where there are many meanders without load centers; • There are more potential users of the power closer to the main roads as opposed to the situation a long distance away from the roads; The no project alternative (Alternative B) was considered. While this will be of no direct economic cost to the Client (REA), it is observed that it will be costly to the client in terms of not attaining theW mandate and disadvantageous to the local community who now require grid electricity for development. The alternative of using thermal Generators (Alternative C) is not environmentally viable since these generators emit a lot of Green House gases in addition to other polluting emissions such as sulfur oxides. Moreover thermal generators are very costly to operate. Furthermore, the use of solar system has limitations in terms of industrial development since it can not be used to run heavy industrial activities. For these reasons this option I alternative was n(_)t taken. Alternative A was the recommended option. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira Millennium'Village Rural Electrification Project 50 '·' 6 CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Chapter4 above describes the environmental setting for the proposed Ruhiira Millennium Village Rural Electrification 33kV power Distribution lines Project and has direct bearing on the legal and institutional framework (see Chapter 2 of this report). While the power lines construction will lead to some environmental impacts, the future operation of the power system could also lead to yet a different type of impacts. It is noted that the construction of the 33kv Distribution Line has potential to impact on the biophysical environment in addition to possible disruption of a number of socio economic activities due to cutting of cro'ps and trees and limiting use in the land that is within the Right of Way of the Distribution line. Fortunately, construction of the distribution line does not require a large labour force that could lead to community disruption. The workforce at its peak may be about 20 to 40 people. Although small there is possibility that such a construction labour force could introduce a few community related impacts (both positive and negative). This chapter therefore, serves to assess the .identified potentially significant environmental impacts associated with the proposed extension of the power grid and proposes recommendations for the mitigation measures of these impacts. The purpose of identifying significant impacts is to inform the decision-makers such that an informed and robust consent decision can be made. The detailed description of each of the identified impact~ fqr the different phases of the project cycle is described in the following subsection~s. The impacts are classified as impacts during the design/survey stage, the construction phase and during the operational phase. ,. 6.1 Positive Impacts The positive Impacts will mostly be observed after the construction phase although there are some short term benefits during the actual. construction. There are those benefits of a social nature while a few will benefit the biophysical environment. 6.1.1 Positive Biophysical Impacts Reduced environmental degradation: The main positive biophysical impacts will be manifested in the reduced environmental degradation throughout the project area. They are indirect positive impacts. These will include the reduction in cutting of trees for firewood. Like in most rural areas, charcoal was not the fuel of choice in lsingiro although it is potentially likely to be a major concern in the future despite the lack of The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 51 forests in the region. It is anticipated that in the long term the use of electricity will ease the pressure on use of fuel-woo'd~"~md the need to produce charcoal may stop if the power generated is affprdable to the population. The catch however here is that the power must be affordable and that is why the majority of the respondents have called for a government sub~idy to enable more people access the grid electricity. l, ~ ' 6.1.2 Positive Social Impacts The 33kV power distribution line will generate some positive social impacts as well. The major positive impact will be job creation and improvement of skills for the local communities. These impacts are described fully in the following paragraphs. Job Creation: During constructiOQi. the l.ocal community is likely to be employed as casual workers and service providers (e.g. food vendors etc). This is a direct impact of the development. During operation there will be an opportunity to move away from the solar energy and use the more viable hydro power an act that will boost job creation more. In some places such as Ruhiira there is already some limited experience regarding the use of electricity. The grid extension will increase the community's exposure to electricity. This will lead to new and in some cases additional industries which deperd ori' the use of the 240/420 volt electricity. The other direct positive imparcts include the extension of small scale industries such as metal fabrication, milling; furniture workshops, hair and beauty saloons and Battery Charging deeper into the villages which has hither to not been the case. The introduction of grid electricity will remarkably reduce the use of thermal generators which is both economically and environmentally beneficial. Table 6.1: Enhancement options regarding Impact on Increased Employment Opportunities With no Mediu Short- Local Low mitigati m term Definite LOW + Medium on 2 4 Key optimisation measures: • Maximise the hiring of unskilied workers from the local communities and semi- skilled workers from the region; • Design mechanisms in order to ensure that the hiring and recruitment procedures are carried out in a trans · rent and fair wa co-ordinated with the commun The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 52 • Ensure employment opportunities on an equal footing between women and men; • Identify those goods and services required by the project as may be supplied locally (for example food, cleaning), and encourage and support local enterprises in the production of these goods and services. •' "'- With Region Short- '"' High Medium mitigati al term Definite MEDIUM + Medium on 2 3 1 6 Impact on Improved Skills for Local Communities Unskilled labourers from the local communitie.SI employed on the project would benefit not only from increased income but also general life skills development (e.g. safety awareness), as well as from technical skills training. This is already happening within the Ruhiira Millennium Development Village. This will improve their ability to obtain employment in the future, with associated benefits to their families and dependants, resulting in a long-term benefit. These are indirect positive impacts of the development which could be enhanced by putting in place appropriate enhancement measures. The potential positive impact of improved skills in local communities is assessed to be of low significance without optimisation and medium with ,()ptimisation. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 53 > •• • y~ Table 6-2: Enhancement options regarding Impact on Improved Skills in Local Communities With no Local Very Low lnsignific Mediu m term Possible + mitigation ant m 2 4 Key optimisation measures: • Maximise the employment of unskilled labour from local communities. • Maximise the hiring of unskilled workers from the local communities and semi- skilled workers from the region. • Carry out capacity-building and training programs for the unskilled workers so that they can increase their employability for other similar jobs Loc Mediu Long- With Medium Probabl Mediu al m term MEDIUM + mitigation e m 1 2 3 6 The proposed 33kv Ruhiir~ MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 54 Other Positive Impacts specific to the 33kV power Distribution Lines include the following: - ,'·' · ) Improved quality of production and work: When the p'ower is introduced at the different health centres, schools and respective administrative headquarters as well as RGCs (e.g. at Ntungu, Bugonji, Nyakarambi, Kamubeizi, Ruhiira and Kanyamaizi) and other working areas such as workshops, the quality of work is expected to improve as well as the comfort of the working community. This may lead to work satisfaction and improved efficiency. In lsingiro where intensive agric,ultural practices are ongoing, the provision may well lead to increased and larger agro-based industries. Table 6-3: Enhancement options regarding Impact on Increased Opportunities for Small Business Development and Entrepreneurs With no Region Mediu short- Low ··'~Very mitigati al m term Possible + Medium LOW on 2 2 5 Key optimization measures: • Put priority on Local and Ugandan contractors and suppliers of goods and services. • Encourage and support firms from the l,c;->c:ality in pr:oducing the goods and services required. With Region Short- High Medium mitigati al term Probable MEDIUM + Medium on 2 3 1 6 Impact on Education To date the schools in the project area can not/I{IIIy.:exploit their potential due to lack of grid electricity. The introduction of electric power would enhance school standards enabling village schools to compete with their counterparts in urban centres. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 55 Table6-4: Enhancement Options regarding impacts on Education With no Region Mediu long- Low mitigati al m term Possible LOW + Medium on 2 2 5 Key optimisation measures: • Reduce initial connection fees to institutions of learning. • Sensitise Schools and other end-users on the use of electricity so that they can reduce costs and waste With Region Short- High Medium mitigati al term Probable MEDIUM + Medium on 2 3 2 7 Impact on Agro-based Industries: As stated above, the main economic activity in lsingiro and Mbarara is agriculture as well as dai~y farming. These activities will greatly benefit from grid electricity. The number of agro-industries including value addition to agricultural products will increase with increased penetration of grid electricity. It will therefore be possible to add value to agricultural produce using electricity supported technology and thereby improve the overall standard of living in the area. · · The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 56 Table 6-5: Enhancement Options regarding Impact on Agro-based industries With no medium mitigati al m term Possible Medium + Medium on 2 2 5 Key optimisation measures: • Reduce initial connection fees to newly established agricultural industries. • Sensitise industries , Local Government and other end-users on the use of electricity so that they can reduce costs and waste With Region Mediu High Medium mitigati al m-term Probable MEDIUM + Medium on 2 3 2 7 Impact on Existing Infrastructure: - The 33kV Distribution Line when fully operational will improve the existing social fae;Hities (schools, water, and health units) in areas which have hitherto been wlth\)ut grid electricity. The proposed development of Infrastructure like schools, workshops, hospitals, recreational facilities such as playground and places of entertainment among others are some of the positive impacts that would be realised in the project area. This will improve the quality of life for the affected communities in particular and the overall population in general. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 57 Table 6-6: Enhancement options regarding Impact on existing infrastructure With no Low Very mitigati al m Possible + Medium I :... · LOW on 2 2 5 Key optimisation measures: • Government funded facilities such as administrative units, health facilities, and school should be prioritised among those to be connected to the grid. . ' )) .·.~ tt. \ • Sensitise end-users or the, us~ of electricity so that they can reduce costs and waste With Region Short- High Medium mitigati al term Probable MEDIUM + Medium on 2 3 6 Overall improvement in Quality of Life: - Through night time lighting within residences and the use of electrical appliances in the home, it is possible to greatly enhance the quality of life. This.. will also affect the services provided by health facilities such as immunization an8 1blbod transfusion. It was observed that the model millennium village at Ruhiira was attracting rapid development due to the facilities which have been provided. For Ruhiira in particular, the full scale utilization of grid electrical energy will be almost immediate since some of the structures /facilities are already wired to use Solar Electricity. It should be noted that many rural structures are not immediately ready to use grid electricity since they were not initially designed for that. For such areas, the immediate use of electricity within this rural setup will take some time. In the loQg term, however, all communities will benefit. 6.1.3 Summary of measures to Enhance Positive Impacts for the 33kV power line The main challenges to electricity consumption are the following: - • High tariffs (including the initial connection fee); • Bureaucracy making it difficult for the ordinary person to connect to the power; • A complicated billing system; The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 58 i' • Wastage of electricity due to misuse and wastage; In order to minimize these and encourage communities to benefit from the newly introduced power in the sub counties it is proposed as follows: - • End-Users should be sensitized on the use of electricity so that they reduce waste which could otherwise have discouraged them from enjoying the facility. For example they could be encouraged to use energy saving techniques including energy saving bulbs, efficient technologies, and only switching on when the power is in use. • The billing system should be explained, to end ·users to avoid abrupt disconnections and loss of faith in the syst@mj . ., • Prepayment metres should be installed so that the user can monitor consumption easily • The Service provider should reduce qn bureaucracy and hire the services of a public relations officer for effect; • The project should reduce initial connection fees to entice end-users to connect; 6.2 Potential Impacts at Design Stage During the design stage, the likely impacts will be minimal, except the need to sensitise and conduct consultations ensuring that the different stakeholders have made their input. This will be most appropriate in preparation for a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) which has been done due to the anticipated removal of some crops, trees and putting limitations on the use of the RoW/Way leave. It is important to note that during the sensitisation many people's expectations may have been raised beyond what the project can deliver in the short term. Mitigation measures at Design Stage: - (. • The main measure is to ensure thaB'nstruction It is during construction when a few more impacts are likely to be encountered. The paragraphs below highlight these impacts as well as the potential mitigation measures starting with the' Biological impacts. 6.3.1 Biologicallmpacts Impacts on Flora As stated above, most bf the proje~~ area is an intensive agricultural area zone. Especially within lsingiro,'the sta~eb'Older~ extend their gardens right to the edge of the road with no consideration oft he RoaH Reserve. For this reason, clearance along the Right of Way/Way Leave (even though it is within the Road Reserve) will impact gardens, crops and trees within the corridor. One legitimate concern is the likely impact on private woodlots which in many cases have been planted right to the road edge. These will be removed and the people in Bugamba and Ndeija Sub counties of Mbarara district will be affected more severly. ~~i ' 1 f' Regarding natural vegetation, the development of the power lines will not lead to significant destruction of natural vegetation. And since hardly any wild animals inhabit the area to be affected, there will not be any significant loss of habitats suitable for birds, small mammals, amphibians or reptiles. The crested crane was sighted in the area, but the line will not pass anywhere near their habitats. In addition, the conductors traversing wetlands where crested cranes were sighted shall be strung in horizontal alignment to minimise the trapping and electrocution of the birds, just in case it occurred. Clearance of vegetation to create space for the pole hol~s and cutting of tall vegetation to remove interference with power lines will not lead to significant loss of biodiversity. The herb and shrub layer will grow back. As stated above, it is only the tall trees that will be cut permanently. l ,m,: )/,, The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 60 Impact on loss of vegetation I habitat Without Local m m- Medium mitigatio Definite Medium Medium term term n 2 2 5 Key mitigation measures: J ~ •• • Ensure that the habitats are not disturbed by limiting'the Line along the Road Reserve of the existing road alignment. • Limit clearance for construction work and inspection to the necessary extent. • Remove as much vegetation as possible by hand and avoid the use of heavy machinery, especially along the steep slopes on lsingiro hills and other sensitive areas • Compensate for the trees and crops lost/cut down during power line construction. • String conductors traversing wetland areas in horizontal alignment in order to minimise bird tra & electrocution. · ·,: · With Short Very Local Low mitigatio term Low Definite tow Medium n 3 Impact on Wetlands As reported, the Grey Crowned Cranes which require mixed wetland-grassland habitats were sighted during the survey within lsingiro Do,strict. Grey crested cranes typically nest within or on the edges of wetlands qhd do forage in wetlands, nearby grasslands and croplands. Fortunately, the propd~ed line will not cross any significant wetland I swamp in lsingiro District. It will however pass within some of the grasslands and or croplands where the grey crested crane forages from. In Mbarara, however, the line will cross the Kangoro wetland at the boundry of Ndeija and Bugamba subcounties for a distance of about 150metres. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 61 '' ' ' i ''' Table 6-8: Mitigation options regarding Impacts on Wetlands Without Region Mediu Mediu Medium Probab mitigati, al m m-term Medium Medium le on 2 2 5 Key mitigation measures: • Ensure that the line passes along the existing road alignment where no significant wetlands were observed. • H/M member structures sh(;lll be used in wetland areas to avoid/minimise impact on wetlands. •. :. ', 1 ,, • Incase the power lipe traverses a 'fVetland (e.g. Kangoro wetland) or an area of high population of crested cranes/ birds, the conductors shall be aligned horizontally to minimise trapping and electrocution of birds. With Region short- Low Very Low Probab mitigati al term Low Medium le on 3 6.3.2 Physical Impacts Alteration to Public Health due to noise, vibration and fugitive dust and other emissions The environmental assessment was done during the dry season and incidences of dust were high. On the other hand on the few occasions when it rained, the place was muddy. Due to the nature of distribution lines which use wooden poles however, the excavations will be minimal. All the same there will be a slight increase in the movement of vehicles used in' ferrying construction materials such as poles, distribution wires (conductors) and transformers which may impact on people living close to the construction corridor /zone. During the dry season this could lead to a considerable increase in dust levels. Ordinarily, the noise levels within the project area are those consistent with a rural setting such that any unusual noi,?e would be easily noticed by the community. The The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 62 main sources of noise will be any cranes if and when used to)ift heavy equipment and heavy vehicles used in transporting the equipm~R_ts,,and other construction materials. The characteristic noise levels for a crane ar~·up 9sdB which is already in excess of the limit as described in the Regulations. The likely impacts will be on the workers and the nearby community. There was no measurement of noise levels in this village rural setting as it was obvious that there were no sources of noise beyond the limits as set up in the Regulations. The noise levels were consistent with a rural setting. As observed above due to the nature of the spils, ~the roads can be dusty during dry seasons in both Mbarara and Isingiro. During 1the .dry season, vehicles transporting materials as well as the construction workers are likely to raise considerable amounts of dust. Although these impacts will be moderate and of a short term nature they will need to be mitigated against. Dust does have a tendency to alter the air quality which can have a negative indirect impact on the well-being of the neighbouring communities, possibly altering people's health status. This impact is rated as of medium significance in the absence of mitigation and very low with mitigation. It should be noted that this impact is largely confined mainly to the construction phase of the project and is likely to affect people very close to the road and near the construction zone only. ·.:.:. >t: j.-~l.. ·Jx.f. ··: , ,. I ' .I ~ ' The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 63 '' ' Table 6-9: Mitigation Options for the Impact on the Alteration of Public Health ., , " With no Mediu Long- Local Medium mitigati m term Probable MEDIUM Medium on 2 3 '·'i6 Key mitigation measures: • Promote dust abatement measures such as control of construction traffic speed limits especially within pdpulation centres in order to reduce dust levels; • Maintain and inspect all equipment and machinery to ensure that they are in good working order and do not produce excessive fumes and noise, • Maintain safety measures in order to ensure the health and well-being of the workers. • All workers will be required to wear full PPE especially those operating cranes and those adjacent to sue~ noise emitt~rs. • During extremely dry conditior:l:.when dust becomes a major hazard, dust ' '· .-·: ! . t . suppression measure,s will be Undertaken near working areas especially if they are close to settlements. Such suppression measures include water spraying using water sprinkler vehicles to sprinkle the road networks leading to the locations under construction larl · With Mediu Local Low Low mitigati m-term Potential LOW Medium on 2 4 • Impacts on soil As indicated oefore, the terrain in lsingiro is composed of steep hills which provides a high potential for erosion in cases where the soil is exposed. The risk of erosion would be higher during the rainy seasons. In some places the soil is exposed due to overgrazing. However, the nature of the construction will not lead to serious excavation such that - ·, 'd ~. l ,\ little soil will be exposed. Clearin~ of vegetation to make way for the ROW will also be limited to cutting grass/ vegetation' above ground and not by excavation. Subsequently, there is no likelihood of erosion during the digging of the holes for the The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 64 poles. Each hole will be dug in isolation, leaving the surrounding vegetation intact. For this reason, erosion due to excavations will be minimal or non existent. Nevertheless it is recommended that any areas which will be exposed for any reason should be rehabilitated as soon as possible to'. prevent possible soil erosion. Rehabilitation will be by replanting the area, 01r ·returning the top soil so that grass can naturally grow. Impacts on Drainage and Water Resources Due to the hilly nature of the terrain, the water table is quite low across most of the project area. This is because wooden poles will be used which do not require deep excavation yet in most cases the water table will be over 1000 feet below the excavated hole. However it is not possible for this project to cause soil erosion. Table 6-10: Mitigation options regci'Pdingo' Deposition into wetlands and waterways etc. Without Local Low m Low Probab mitigati Medium Medium term le on 2 4 Key mitigation measures: • Only the existing roads will be used and no construction of roads will be encouraged; • No poles will be constructed within drainag~ lines; , • Excavations within drainage canals will not be allowed even if of a temporary nature With Short Local Low Low Probab mitigati term Low Medium le on 1 1 3 ./. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 65 Hazardous Materials and Waste The issue of POPs and PCBs should not arise because the Transformers procured and used by REA do not have the said pollutants. It is noted that REA procures transformers filled to the required level with new, unused, clean, standard mineral oil in compliance with IEC 296 and free from all traces of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds. REA will procure and ;ensure delivery and use of 33kV Transformers using the following specification~:: ! 1The, . transformers procured shall conform to latest edition of appropriate EC specifications and/or other recognized International Standards in particular: IEC 6oo6o, IEC60071, IEC60076, IEC, IEC 60137, IEC 60156, IEC 60126, IEC60354, IEC 60529, IEC60551, IEC6o6o6, IEC6o616, IEC60722, IEC60733, B.S. 148 and BS5493. The specifications cover oil immersed, naturally air cooled (type ONAN), outdoor type, three phase, 50Hz, 33/0-433 KV step down distribution transformers of all capacities". For this reason, it is therefore not likely that polychlorinated biphenyls (PC:Bs)''Which has high health risks will arise. Other hazardous materials in tHis' sectorinclude sulphur hexafluoride as well as other fuels in addition to chemicals for wood preservation (such as Creosote and or Tanalith that are mostly used in the regior~)especially for the 33kV power Distribution line (Table 6- 11). . : ' ,,., Table 6-11: Mitigation options regarding Impacts due to Hazardous Materials and Waste Without Local '\.'Low m term Probab mitigati Low Medium le on 2 4 Key mitigation measures: • The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health from Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of which PCBs are one of them. REA will adhere to their stated procur,emen't guidelines (as stated above) ensuring that all their transformers shall conform to latest edition of appropriate EC specifications and/or other recognized International Standards in particular: IEC 6oo6o, IEC60071, IEC60076, IEC, IEC 60137, IEC 60156, IEC 60126, IEC60354, IEC 60529, IEC60551, IEC6o6o6, IEC6o616, IEC60722, IEC60733, B.S. 148 and BS5493;and • Poles should be pre-treated at a designated facility to ensure chemical fixation and prevent leaching into the soil among others. • Workers shall be provided with all the relevant PPE to avoid direct contact with creosote from treated es. Pro seasoned les shall be cured. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira Millenr'llurnVillage Rural Electrification Project 66 il, With Short Local Low Very Low Probab mitigati Term Very Low . Medium 1 1 1 le on 3 6.3.3 Negative Social Impacts during construction of the 33kv Distribution Line Apart from the negative physical and biological impacts stated above, the project will also lead to some negative social impacts. These require mitigation as well. This Social Impact study provides some of the pr9p6sed measures to minimize the adverse impacts. Land Take and loss of crops and trees along the ROW and Access points: As stated above, the 33kv Distribution line will pass along the current road alignment and within the Road Reserve all the way in both the lsingiro and Mbarara sections of the line. There will be no land take and the project is not mandated to take land. However trees, perennial crops and other crops like fruit trees which fall within the ROW will be removed leading to losses to the individuals affected. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 67 Table 6-12: Mitigation Options regarqing land take. Long- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures: • Ensure that land take is minimized by following the road alignment for the distribution line; • Compensate all crops and trees at the going rates and in line with the latest Respective Jsingiro and Mbarara Districts' Compensation rates;, • A RAP has been conducted to ascertain the extent of compensation for each affected individual; Population Influx: The workforce at the project during the peak of construction will be composed of a limited number of skilled workers with about twice that number for non skilled workers. Maximum workforce will be at most 30 people. The non skilled workers are likely to be recruited from the local neighbourhood. On the other hand the total workforce will not be sedentary in one place as they will move along the line as they progress. This impact therefore is likely to be minimal as there will be no external people working at the site for a prolonged length of time. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 68 ~x ,,< ~· , , ' Table 6-13: Mitigation options regarding Population Influx Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 2 2 6 Key mitigation measures: • The Project Management will closely work with leadership especially the LCs to hire local people to do most of the casual jobs at the project in response to numerous calls by respondents; • Identification tags I uniform will be provided to all the workers supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be proper~y of the Project management will be withdrawn from workers when not engaged in the project work; • Good public relations will be maintained between the local community, the Local leadership and the Develo Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 2 1 4 Security of Construction Materials """ ',\,'' The concern about security is in respect of vandalism whereby electricity transformers are emptied of transformer oil as well as other conductors. This is bad for the project and dangerous to the lives of the would be vandals. This impact may affect the 33kV power Distribution line. The impact may be described as Negative and moderate to serious. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 69 . l ' Table 6-14: Mitigation options regarding security With no Regional Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures: • The Project Management will sensitise the community about the negative effects of stealing and vandalising electrical installation through radio announcements and at community meetings. • During construction the developer to hire only those workers who have been vetted by their local LC councils/chairmen; • Equipment to be kept in a fenced enclosure and guarded during construction and all workers will be provided with identification t~gs to redUcl~· intruders to working areas; ")·' /,, l\"f ·, j • Identification tags will be provided to all the\.Yorkers' supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be property of the Project management will be withdrawn from workers when not engaged in the project work; • Registered Security Guards should be recruited to specifically guard project property. • Work hand in hand with local security officials including the Secretary for Defence at the local level Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 1 3 Equipment Storage Area and Workers Camp: Due to the nature of work in laying a distribution line it may not be necessary to have a workers camp. When worker's camps are built they can present social problems due to the high numbers of people within a rural setting which could lead to various social conflicts. The camp may also generate waste that could lead to environmental degradation. The current practice is not to build camps for the construction of distribution lines. Instead equipment storage areas will be constructed /provided. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 70 \'' Table 6-15: Mitigation Options regarding the Impacts due to Equipment storage ro riate I workers cam s With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 3 3 7 Key mitigation measures: • The workers camp will not be constructed, but instead there will be Equipment storage areas as appropriate. • Equipment area will be fenced and guarded to regulate ent~y/ access; • Proper sanitation facilities will be put in place at the Equipment storage areas; • The Contractor shall be required to put in place a waste management plan for the equipment storage area. Other bio-degradable domestic waste will be dumped in a pit while polythene and plastic materials will be collected and recycled. There are a number of factories which have specialised in recycling plastics. • Hazardous waste such as torch batteries will be containerized and later disposed off through established waste disposal agencies; • Other hazardous waste arising out of chemica!s at the storage area will be discharged in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; • Oils and other petroleum products will be containerised so that th~y are not allowed to sip into the ground and into the water bodies. Instead. ~!lex will 6e: 'sold off or reused as appropriate; ;";; ·· ·· • Equipment storage area shall be decommissioned at the end of the project. Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 1 1 3 ', ·~ ,l Safety of the Community and that of Work~'~s: During the construction of the Distribution Line as well as during the haulage of heavy construction materials (poles) there is the possibility that both construction and haulage traffic will pose danger to the bona fide travellers including school children as well as to the project staff themselves. Further workers by the nature of the construction works do face possibility of accidents and exposure which is hazardous to the health of the workers. The community especially children who may be anxious to watch the construction activities could be exposed to possible accidents due to the works. Secondly, the concentration of workers with excess liq~idity among the poor can lead to the spread of sexually transmitted,qisea~es including HIV/AIDS. This is a potential impact which could start during c~nstruction and will be there long after The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 71 the construction. Measures will be taken to minimise the potential spread of HIV/AIDS during construction and afNr~~ ' • f' Table6-16: Mitigation Options regardi'"!g the Impacts on Community and workers Safety · Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures: • Put in place Warning Signs on appr?aches ~8 Jb~. wprking areas to warn bona fide travellers so that they do not get involved in rela!ed inctcfents since the operational areas are near the roads • Fence off storage areas I sites to discourage idlers to the sites; • Sensitise the community through the media and meetings at local levels; • Workers on project activities will be supplied with full Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE) particularly with respect to boots gloves and helmets; • Warn School children through education and sensitisation about the likely dangers of loitering within the construction zone area. • A First-Aid kit to be provided at every active working site and at the equipment storage area. It should be supplied and managed by the Contractor; • During the construction phase workers should be sensitised about HIV/AIDS while condoms (both male and female) will be distributed amon the workforce; Short-· With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 2 4 Settlements: -As discussed above, the. distribution line will pass along the Road Reserve following the current road al,ignment and will not affect any of the settlements. This impact will be minimal. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 72 Table6-17: Mitigation Options Regarding Settlements With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 2 5 Key mitigation measures: • The design of the distribution lines passes along the Road Reserve which are devoid of settlements • The communities to be sensitised regarding the dangers df high voltage overhead conductors. • In the event a pole or any structure targets a house, then changes ':'Vi,ll be made in the design to avoid di such a house I structure; ~~ Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 1 3 Community Stress due to failure to directly benefit from the project: From the discussions which were held at the time of s~nsitisation, it was clear that the community is expecting some direct benefits fro,m the project including subsidies to the cost of electricity. Ther~ is a high likelihood that the project will not meet the inflated expectations of the local community. Such disappointment can translate into local anger and stress leading to interference or even vandalizing of other resources within the project premises. This impact may be described as Negative and slight. ' ~: The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 73 Table6-18: Mitigation Options Regarding increased Electricity demand Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 2 3 Key mitigation measures: • In liaison with the District Administration the Developer will extend some benefits to the neighbouring community. This will be through the project extending power to schools and community centres such as health centres; • The developer will maintain a good corporpt~, irp_i=!ge by enhancing public relations between the community and the developer;,Cjqp ·. ··. r· · · · • Sensitisation and community education is recommended, including issues related to electricity tariffs and billi Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 2 4 6.4 Potential Impacts after Co~struction 6.4.1 Biophysicallmpacts Most of the impacts after construction and during the operation of the lines will be of a social nature. The main concern after construction will be the tree species that may grow within the ROW especially the e1,1_~alyptus species which are dotted all over the project area. Secondly, during the operational phase, the birds might collide with the power lines and become electrocuted. Most of the impacts after construction and during the operation of the lines will be of a social nature. The main concern after construction will be the tree species that may grow within the ROW. The 10m way leave that is to be maintained may not be sufficient in forested areas even though the trees themselves are out of the RoW. Thirdly although termites were not common within the project area, their potential to impact the wooden poles is high. Fourthly, during the operational phase, the birds might collide with the power lines and become electrocuted. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 74 Medium It is recommended as follows: - • Ensure that there is a gap of at least 4.0 metres betwe,en energised lines and ground equipments/earthling. In this way the potential for electrocuting ground based animals I ~ 1 humans will be reduced. -':-: - • Use properly treated poles, preferably creosote impregnated poles to withstand termite attack and other boring insects. • Design the line with auto-reclosers at certain points. These reclosers are designed to detect fault on the line and switch it off and try to reclose it after a certain period say 3 minutes. The recloser will make three attempts and then leave the line open for someone to physically come and investigate. ·. · . ,· ;~: .. • Ensure the power cables are properly spaced so that cqHiding of biids with power cables is minimised. This impact will be minimised by stringing conductors in horizontal alignment • If during the clearance operations a location of important species is established (so far none was observed during the survey) that are likely to be affected/ destroyed then measures to preserve or relocate them will be undertaken; • String conductors in major wetland areas in horizontal alignment to minimise trapping and electrocution of birds. Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 2 1 4 r-~- ,_. ·--~ 6.4.2 Negative Social Impacts during the operation of the 33kV power Distribution line After the construction of the 33kV power Distribution Line, a number of impacts related to utilization are likely to arise. These :,qeeo to be handled since they can be vicious and direct to human well being. Specifically the following are likely to arise: - The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 75 , :,, ~} .~.!~i ·l;:1>r1, ' Electrocution of people,i~l,Case of line breakages or illegal access:- If people are not sensitized about the dangers of live high voltage wires they could easily expose themselves to them when they are broken or sagging. This can lead to electrocution of individuals or groups of people in the neighbourhood. This impact may be described as Negative and serious. Table6-20: Mitigation Options Regarding possible electrocution Medium- With no Local Medium MedJum term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 2 5 Key mitigation measures: • In liaison with the Local Government Authorities, the Developer will sensitise communities about the dangers of exposed high voltage live",wires. This may be done through schools and publication of relevant pamphlets in the lgdi(ra'nguage, as well as sensitization meetings in major load centers, radio talk shows and adverts, etc. • Prominent warning signs will be affixed at all installations to warn the intending intruders from touching the lines or fixtures. Warning signs will be in Bright colours such as red or yellow/amber; • Communities will be sensitised to report immediately they observe a sagging wire or one that has fallen to the ground; • Maintenance personnel will be vigilant inspecting the lines regularly; Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 3. Bush Burning: - Bush burning was not a serious concern in lsingiro although it may not be ruled out. Bush fires, when started, can burn the wooden poles and may disrupt the , transformers. High temperatures are also known to affect the conductivity characteristics. of the overhead conductors. This impact is usually applicable to the Distribution Lines anq.is expected to be Negative and Minimal. ' ' ..;:~·' lfl Ft"'j ·. ·•• The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 76 ,' Table 6-21: Mitigation Options regarding the Impacts of Bush Burning Medium • Communities be sensitised against bush burning; • The Local Government should enforce the law against bush burning; • The developer or the appointed agent to operate the power distribution may be encouraged to give incentives to people who report those respon~ible for starting bush fires; • The deve r to ace surveillance mechanisms to redU<:e this •mn•:o~rT Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible . VERY LOW Medium mitigation 2 1 4 6.4.3 Occupational Health and Safety Electric and Magnetic fields: Although there is little evidence to suggest resultant negative effects on human health and safety, exposure to .Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) may be viewed as potentially harmful. However, the EMF decrease very rapidly with distance from the source and there should be no potential health risks for people leaving near the distribution line considering that this is a 33kV power line which is considered as low. For Electricity workers, however the EMF exposure could be higher leading to possible health risks to the utility worker. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage g,etrfll Electrification Project 77 1· ; r1 ,' .':I I • ...,' . Table6-22: Mitigation Options regarding the impacts of of Electric and Magnetic Fields With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures: • In the workplace, when conducting maintenance works, the main power will be switched off all the time; • In other words, it will be necessary to deactivate and properly ground live wire distribution lines before work is performed on or close to the live lines. • In places which have been identified as vul,nerabl.e, workers should use personal monitors during working or routine maintenc:mce routines. • Workers should be trained in the identification of occupational EMF levels and hazards • Workers shall be provided and use all relevant PPE while at work. Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 3 Live Power lines: During operation, impacts are related mainly with electrocutions and possible induced effects' from electromagnetic fields. The placement of low slung lines or line near human activities also increases the risk of electrocutions. Therefore the lines should be checked regularly, whether they are low slung, so that immediate measures would be taken on time to avoid the risks along the road and residential places. Moreover workers may be exposed to occupational hazards from contact with live power lines especially during maintenance and operation activities. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 78 _;'C Table6-23: Mitigation Options regarding the impact of Live Power Wires Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures: • Only allow trained and certified workers to install , mai_ntairi or'trepair electrical equipment ' j I • Deactivate and properly ground live wire distribution lines before work is performed on or close to the live lines. • Ensure that live wire work is conducted by trained workers with strict adherence to specific and insulation standards Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation 1 1 3 ' ·~"f' ' Working at heights on Poles and strudUr~s;> Workers may be exposed to occupational hazards when working at high elevations during especially maintenance activities with a high potential for accidents. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 79 Table6-24: Mitigation Options regard,ing the impact of Working at Heights on Poles . .I and Structures .~. · '· . . I ~ity .;:1 Long- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM Medium mitigation 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures: • Poles will be tested for integrity pr:ior to undertaking work • Develop,a protection program which includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures v. • Regularly inspect fall protection equipment and replace those that are likely to fail • Approved Safety Belts, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and tool bags should be provided to maintenance workers prior to climbing any poles and transformers; Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW Medium mitigation .. ·: ·3.,r1·' 7 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP) ].1 Introduction It is imperative that the contractor takes note and implements this management and monitoring plan during the execution of the project to its conclusion. This provisional Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) for the Ruhiira Millennium Village Rural 33kV Electrification power Distribution line project, provides a critical link between the mitigation measures specified in this Project Brief. All of the negative impacts which were identified in the Project Brief can be minimized by implementing appropriate measures during all phases of the project. The objective of this EMMP is to provide a time bound program covering implementation of propos~.d environmental mitigation measures and •;j'.•' I i' • subsequent monitor,ing of the emerging environmental issues during both the progress and operation of the Power distribution Project. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 80 7.2 Policy, Legal and Environmental Management Framework in Uganda This EMMP is in line with the Policy, Institutional and Legal Framework which have been highlighted under Section 3 of this Project Brief. It provides a time bound program covering implementation and monitoring of the environmental issues relevant to the Ruhiira Millennium Village Rural Electrification 33kv Power Distribution line Project. 7·3 Environmental Plan This EMMP inCludes schedules and methods for implementation of mitigation measures during the construction of the distribution line and during the operation of the line. This plan further recommends that, during the operational phase of the project the Developer will assign an Environmental Specialist who will ensure that the identified negative impacts are mitigated and the positive impacts are enhanced. It is recommended that in as far as possible, such a specialist or Environmental Specialist will closely monitor the project so that he/she can provide continuous guidance in line with the conditions in the EIA Certificate of Approval that will have been issued by the National Environment Management Authority. Environmental impact monitoring will be carried out regularly at least once every quarter during the construction and line inspection will be carried out every six months at the minimum dur-ing operations. Line inspection should be conducted before the commencement of the rain season to check whether the structures and nearby trees are safe enough in case of severe weather events as is common especially at the commencement of the seasons. As may be seen from the EMMP Table 8, implementation (including monitoring) of the management plan under this contract falls under the responsibility of the Developer, the Contractor and the Environmental Specialist appointed by REA. 7·4 Public Involvement and Inter-Agency Co-Operation in Monitoring For resettlement activities such as compensation and removal of crops/ trees and other properties that fall within the ROW, it is imperative that communities are involved in the monitoring process:.,J~Js gvill be accomplished for example through their local leaders particularly'the Local .council 1 Executive. This is necessary to ensure effective sensitisation and reduce costs of monitoring through community involvement. The other stakeholders who will be involved in the monitoring include REA, NEMA and the Local Governments. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 81 7·5 Contractor's Obligations versus Developer's Obligations The National Environment Act empowers the Authority (N EMA) to issue a Restoration Order (section 67 sub section 1) requiring any person in respect of any matter relating to the management of the environment and natural resources. Subsequently, the Contractor will be the one to whom such an order WOUld be issUed in CC(S~, bt envjronmental damage during COnstruction. This obliges the REA to inst'it'ute contractual clauses that compel the contractor to take care of the environment during the 33kv Distribution line construction exercise. In other words, the Contractor shall execute the Contract in compliance with the National Environmental Requirements applicable to the project. The Contractor under instn,;~cth:56~ from the Client through the Environmental Specialist will initiate mitigation measures as specified in this project Brief. 7.6 Cost of Implementing of this ESMMP The cost of implementing the ESMMP is estimated taking into account restoration of any exposed soils/surface and planting of grass where necessary, supervision costs including the support to a an Environmental specialist. A RAP for this development has been conducted and it was found that the main compensation needs will be to compensate for lost crops, trees, fruit trees and some fencing materials in a few places. On top of the RAP cost, there is also a need to include the cost ofimplementing the RAP. This has been estimated at 15% of the total RAP cost. Table 7-1 below shows the estimated costs of implementing this ESMMP. The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 82 Removal of storage area Demolition, Lump sum 4,000,000 Estimated cost to be included in the facilities and any other Transport and BOQs temporary structures removal of waste Introduction of safety 1,000 15,000 15,000,000 Estimated cost to be included in the measures (Warning signs,) BOQs Radio announcements and go 30,000 2,700,000 Estimated cost to be included in the Notices (about 100 Notices BOQs and 40 Radio Announcements ) PPE for at most 40 people 40 400,000 16,6oo,ooo Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs Provision of condoms for 300 packets of 3 1,000 6oo,ooo Estimated cost to be included in the three months for 8o people pieces each BOQs First AID Kits 3 100,000 300,000 Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs Environment Specialist for 12 12 months r:o' 3,000,000 36,ooo,ooo moths Monitoring Plan (ESMP) Perdiem for 1 5 days per month for 12 months at 7,8oo,oo inclusive of institutional monitoring 13o,ooo per day collaboration - Lump sum The officer collaborating Institutions Fuel costs 40 litres per day per vehicle 4,8oo,ooo include NEMA, District Communication Lumpsum 2,000,000 Environment Offices, as well and report as the WB production Total Compensation to PAPs 1 Includes the estimated amount to 545, 916,213/= As derived from the RAP report implement the RAP The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 83 Table 7-1: Estimated costs for implementing the ESMMP The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage Rural Electrification Project 84 7·7 Disclosure Process This Project brief as has been stated above, will be disclosed at several levels. The first disclosure is through seeking comments from stakeholders and lead agencies by NEMA. The second if the Lead agencies consider it controversial then a Public hearing will be arranged before a certificate of approval is considered (however this is deemed to be most unlikely since the initial screening established that the project:pid not warrant a full EIA). The third disclosure shall be done by the funder,·: World Bank in accordance with their Social Safeguards and disclosure requirements. Following the approval by the Authority, copies of the project brief will be kept at the lsingiro and Mbarara Local Government offices with the District Environment Office, with the developer/contractor and any other stakeholder who may wish to ensure that the mitigations as approved are being implemented. \.' The proposed 33kv Ruhiira MillenniumVillage.~urai·,Eiectrification Project 85 ' 'i·-- ,;.' '! ~ j" 8 Plan for the Implementation of the Mitigation/enhancement Measures These implementation measures must be read in the context of the mitigation measures discussed in the previous paragraphs. Table 8-1: Plan for implementation of Mitigation/Enhancement measures Along is no land take by distribution line; following the road construction Contractor alignment for the ,,L ~- Complaints from: distribution line and ·~ -:· PAP ' 1 remaining within the i .. ~~ Road Reserve. 2. Population •-working with LC ~Contractor Along; the During No of influx leadership, hire local distribution line; construction people hired; Contractor, people to do most of Number Local leaders the casual jobs; identity Provide project cards/uniforms specific Identification given out; tags I uniform to all workers on site; Maintain Good oublic 86 relations between the local community, the Local leadership and the Devel 3· 1 Impact Human on Ensure that houses and structures are f Contractor; designer r Along the [During distribution line; construction; ~No of complaints recorded t REA Contractor Settlements not impacted by and Frequency of passing the line During design; sensitisation; through the Road Reserve; Sensitise communities on dangers of high voltage; Poles to be guided away from buildings or 4· I Security o~nsitise the Contractor Along the During No oft REA <:onstruction community about the distribution line; construction sensitisation Contractor materials negative effects of messages given stealing and out; vandalising electrical Number of installation; identity Local workers to be cards/uniforms vetted bv the LC 87 executive; Guard equipment and limit intruders onto working sites; Cooperate with local security officials including the Secretary for Defence at the local 5 Community Put in place Warning Contractor; Along the During No of REA and workers' Signs on approaches REA distribution line; construction sensitisation Contractor health to the working areas messages· given to warn bona fide out; ,,· travellers Number of Fence off equipment warning signs . storage areas and No and types of camp sites to PPE; discourage idlers to Presence of First the sites; AID Kits Provide full Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE) to workers; Sensitise commu 88 construction hazards as well as HIV/AIDS; A First-Aid kit to be provided at every active workin 6. Issues The workers Contractor At the campsite; During No of bins at site REA Equipment will not REA construction Presence of storage areas/ constructed sanitation camps However, equipment facilities;; storage areas top be provided; 'tf: Compensate ,:--;, promptly lease land space for Equipment storage; Provide adequate Proper sanitation facilities at Equipment Storage Areas; Segregate waste into biodegradable, non biodegradable and hazardous and 8g Decommission the equipment storage after the project is commissioned. 7· I Air Quality ~Limit construction • Contractor ~ Construction sites ~During • Occurrence of 1- REA (Increased traffic speed; and work areas; construction dust in the air. Dust and air ~ Keep all equipment 1- Along the haulage and ~ Complaints from pollution) and machinery in route especially in transportation other residents good working order the vicinity of of construction to limit excessive settlements ; mq~~rials; fumes and noise, Maintain safety measures (PPE) for the health and well- being of the workers. Ensure workers use full PPE. 8. I Deposition • Ensure that the It Contractor ~ Close to wetlands • During ~Number of ~ Contractor and into wetland line passes along and other construction depositions if REA (no wetlands the existing road sensitive any; of alignment where ecosystems • Existence of conservation no significant poles in drains; concern were wetlands were 90 9· Hazardous REA will adhere Existence materials and their enforcement; program; commencemen policy document; waste procurement Contractor At pole treatment t of works and Existence of guidelines ( as stated pole treatment plant for poles; during treatment plant above) ensuring that and importation construction; offsite; all their transformers of insulating Even during Number of poles shall conform to materials; maintenance treated latest edition of after appropriate EC construction specifications and/or for pole other .. recognized treatment; International Standards in particular: Do not accept PCB as part of the working materials; otherwise replace them environmentally ·acceptable insulators. Pre-treat Poles desi ............ ~,..,r~ 91 ensure chemical fixation and prevent leaching into the soil among others. OPERATION OF THE LINES 10. Sensitize REA In project area During Frequency of REA electrocution communities about Operator construction sensitization; Operator in case of line the dangers of and after No of warning breakages exposed high voltage signs; live wires; Provide prominent warning signs at all installations to warn ·~ ~ the 'intending --~· intruders from touching the lines or fixtures. Sensitize Communities to report a sagging wire or one that has fallen to the ground; Vigilance of Maintenance norcrmnel essential· 92 Sensitise and enforce During Frequency the law against bush construction sensitization; burning; and after No of warning Propose incentives to those reporting a fire· 12. Occupational Switch off and fully ~ Operator At installations; During of~ REA health deactivate the main construction maintenance ~ Operator power while and after (maintenance maintenance works log book); are on; Use personal .L.d:~ monitors in v\/. vulnerable areas to " detect EMF; :;,' Use only well trained 93 9 Conclusion and Recommendations This Project Brief report highlights the potential impacJs -~ ',.l' to the environment particularly as they relate to the Ruhiira Millennium Village Rural Electrification Project 33kV power line. A number of benefits have been highlighted and this Project Brief proposes measures to enhance these benefits as they affect the stakeholder community and their surroundings. Mitigation measures and an implementation plan have been proposed to ensure that the development is done within the confines of the law with minimum damage to the environment and the host/beneficiary community. If the proposed mitigation measures are implemented: 'the development may go on without significant long-term impacts to the neighbouring communities and environment. ,. 94 1o References 1. ByaruhangCl A., Kasoma P.M. B., Pomeroy D. E. (2001). Important Bird Areas in Uganda. Nature Uganda: The East Africa Natural History Society. J, .!·· 1·:i;.~.' 2. Bennun, L., Dranzoa, C., ahd Pttm@rby, D. E., (1996). The forest birds of Kenya and Uganda. J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc., 85: 23-48. 3· Bird life International (2012a). Species factsheet: Balearica regulorum. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/06/2012. 4. Birdlife International (2012b) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/06/2012. 5· Bury R. P. and P. S. Corn (1991): A.historical perspective and critique of the declining N . amphibian crisis. Wildlife Society' B'ul/etin27:1064-1068. 6. Carswell,M., Pomeroy,'D., Reynolds, J. and Tushabe, H. (2005). The Bird Atlas of Uganda. British Ornithologist's Club and British Ornithologists' Union. 7. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations,1998 8. Freeman S. N., D. E. Pomeroy and H. Tushabe(2003): On the use of Timed Species Counts to estimate avian abun'Haht~J;indices in species-rich communities. African Journal of Ecology 41:337-348. 9· Heyer W. R., M.A. Donnely, R. W. Mcdiarmid, L.A. C. Hayek and M.S. Foster (eds) (1964): Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for reptiles and amphibians. Smithsonian Institution Press, PA. 10. Kingdon, J. (1974a). East African Mammals. An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol II Part B (Hares and Rodents). Academic Press, London. 11. Kingdon, J. (1974b). East AfricqnMammals. An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol II Part A (Insectivores and Bats). Acade:~ic Press, London. 12. Langdale-Brown, 1., Osmaston, H. A. and Wilson, J. G. (1964). The Vegetation of Uganda and Its Bearing on Land-use. 159 pp. Government Printer, Entebbe. 13. Local Government Act, 1997 14. District Five Year Developm~nfPI~l:l (2011-2015) i,: .~. 95 ..... ,: 15. Statistical Abstract 16. NEMA, 1997. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Uganda. 17. NEMA, 2001. State of the Environmental Report for Uganda. Print Dynamix, South Africa. 18. Stevenson, T. And Fanshawe, J. (2002). A Field (juide to'the birds of East Africa. Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. T and A D Poyser. 19. The Investment Code, 1991 20. The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 1999 21. The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Management) Regulations, 2000 22. The National Environment Act Cap 153 23. The Public Health Act, 1964 24. The Water Act, Cap 152 25. UCN (2008) List of mammals of Uganda. http:Uen. wikipedia.org/wiki/List .of mammals in Uganda 26. World Bank,1991. 27. Workers' Compensation Act, 2000 28. The Statistical Abstract, 2010- Uganda Bureau · 29. Occupational Health and Hygiene Department "Annual Report"1994 (The Department was restructured into the now Department of Occupational Safety and Health) 30. Environmental Impact Assessment- Reference Manual August 2002, Republic of Uganda, NEMA 31. The National Environment Act Cap 153 32. The Environment Impact Assessment Regula~ions, S.1.No. 13/1988 · 33· Urban Air Poiiution Potentials with Emphasis on Tropics, University of Reading, Magezi, SAK,1985 34· Environmental Assessment Source Book, World FUND Technical Papers #139 &140, 96 Annex 1: Map showing location of Ruhiira Millennium Village electrification Jnterconnector Ruhiira Millenium Village Rural Electrification Project Location in lsingiro ~nd Mbarara Districts, KAASONG \ j N 0 20 40 80 120 160 ••c:J•-=---==:::=~--• Kilo meters Ruhiira Millenium Village RE Pj 1 97 ISINGIRO DISTRICT Kabingo S/C Mpairwe N, KABINGO HQat Kaharo 075 3007589 Nyakitunda Sturday Bugongi/ Town Celesensio 5/6/12 Nyakarambi Market at LCC/M 3.oopm 0756277950 NYAKITUNDA Kamubeizi Byoruganda Health Kamubeizi B, 0752331291 centre at LC2 C/M Kamugisha Ruhiira Ruhiira paul, Town Kakoni 1 0753540040 Kahura 98 Muhairwe Silver, C/M KIKAGATI Komubeizi Biremu T/C LC2, 0782903343 Rurema MWIZI Vena nee 0752 514537 Note: No. of Villa ells No. of Parishe rds 12 No. of Sub Counties 5 No. of Districts 2 99 .. / Annex 3: Plant Species Encountered in the Area Common I Local Name Scientific Name Level of Threat {IUCN) Trees Acacia Acacia hockii Avocado Persea americana Cassia Cassia spectabi/is Cyperus Cupressus lusitanica : ; ,~')I Eucalyptus Eucalyptus sp. '~" ~~ ): Fig Ficus natalensis '''· ' Grevellia Grevellia robusta? Guava Psidium guajava Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia Jack fruit Pordpcarpus integrifolia Mango Mangifera indica ,: Markhamia Markhamia lutea ;i Palm trees (various spp) Palmaceae Pawpaw Carica papaya Pine Pinus sp. Plantain (various spp) Musa sp. Shrubs Castor Oil Ricinus communis Erythrina Erythrina abyssinica ! Lantana Lantana camara Omugorora Euphorbia sp. Omuhoko Phytolacca dodecandra Euphobia Euphorbia tiruca:JU :1 ·~· Herbs Amaranth Amaranth us Bitter tomatoes Solanum sp. Grasses Reeds Pennisetum sp. Bahia grass Paspaum sp. · Crops: Maize lea mays Sorghum Sorghum sp. Coffee Coffea sp. Sweet potatoes Ipomoea batatas Yams Dioscorea sp. Cassava Manihot esculenta Ekicumucumu 100 Appendix 4: Threatened bird species ot ~··· Ug~hda Common name Red List Category Scientific name Acrocepha/us grise/dis Basra Reed-warbler EN Ardeola idae Madagascar Pond-heron EN Balearica regulorum Grey Crowned-crane EN Bradypterus graueri Grauer's Swamp-warbler EN Eremomela turneri Turner's Eremomela EN Francolinus nahani Nahan's;Francolin EN Gyps african us White-backed Vulture EN Gypsrueppelfii Rueppell's Vulture EN Necrosyrtes monachus Hooded Vulture EN Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture EN Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier NT ,·1 Columba albinucha Whife-naped Pigeon NT Coracias garrulus European Roller NT Coracina graueri Grauer's Cuckooshrike NT Falco concolor Sooty Falcon NT Falco fasciinucha Taita Falcon NT Falco vespertinus Red-footed Falcon NT Ficedu/a semitorquata Semi-collared Flycatcher NT Franco/inus streptophorus Ring-necked, Francolin NT Gallinago media Great Snipe NT Glareola nordmanni Black-winged Pratincole NT Indicator pumifio Dwarf Honeyguide NT Kupeornis rufocinctus Red-collared Mountain-babbler NT Laniarius mufumbiri Papyru,s Gonolek NT . il ·\···ir·•'·· Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit NT Lybius rubrifacies Red-faced Barbet NT Malaconotus lagdeni Lagden's Bush-shrike NT Neotis denhami Denham's Bustard NT 101 Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew NT Oxyura maccoa Maccoa Duck NT Phoeniconaias minor Lesser Flamingo NT Ploceus spekeoides Fox's Weaver NT Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle NT Rynchops flavirostris African Skimmer NT Stephanoaetus coronatus Crowned Hawk-eagle NT Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur NT Zoothera oberlaenderi Forest Ground-thrush NT Apalis karamojae Karamoja Apalis vu Balaeniceps rex Shoe bill vu Bucorvus leadbeateri Southern Ground-hornbill vu Chloropeta gracilirostris Papyrus Yellow Warbler vu Circaetus beaudouini Beaudouin's Snake-eagle vu Cryptospiza shelleyi Shelley's Crimson-wing vu Hirundo atrocaeru/ea Blue Swallow vu Muscicapa lendu Chapin's Flycatcher _,. ~ .; ' vu Pseudocalyptomena graueri African Green Broadbill vu Psittacus erithacus Grey Parrot vu Sagittarius serpentarius Secretarybird vu Torgos tracheliotos Lappet-faced Vulture vu Trigonoceps occipitalis White-headed Vulture vu G-NT= Globally Near-threatened G-VU=Giobally Vulnerable G-EN=Giobally Endangered 102 ' ; L '' Annex 5: Birds species recorded at the project area Spp Habitat Threat 1 Fan-tailed Widowbird Euplectes axillq,ris w 1 2 African Black-headed Oriole Ori'o/Js 1ctrvatus f 3 African Green-pigeon fr'eron calva F 4 African Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutus 5 African Mourning Dove Streptope/ia decipiens 6 African Thrush Turd us pe/ios f 7 African Golden-breasted Bunting Emberiza flaviventris 8 Angola Swallow Hirundo angolensis w 9 Arrow-marked Babbler Turdoides jardineii 10 Black-headed Gonolek Laniarius erythrogaster f 11 Blue-cheeked Bee-Eater Merops persicus 12 Blue-naped Mouse bird . ' Uroco/ius mdtrourus 13 Blue-spotted Wood-Dov'e Turtur' afer F 14 Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucul/ata 15 Brown Babbler Turdoides plebejus 16 Brown Parrot Poicephalus meyeri 17 Brown-backed Scrub-Robin Cercotrichas hart/a ubi f 18 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis G 19 Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barba.w~, f 20 Crested Francolin Francolin us sephaena 21 Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius 22 Fork-failed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis f/F 23 Grey Crowned Crane Balearica regulorum WG G-EN 24 Grey-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura f 25 Hamerkop Scopus umbretta w 26 Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris G 26 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 28 Lesser Striped Swallow Hirundo abyssinica 29 Little Swift Apus affinis .. >::: 30 Olivaceous Warbler Hippo/ais pqllid 31 Pied Crow Corvus a/bus 32 Pin-tailed Whydah Vidua macroura G 33 Purple-banded Sunbird Cinnyris bifasciata f 34 Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senega/a 35 Red-cheeked Cordon-Bieu Uraeginthus benga/us 36 Red-chested Cuckoo Cucu.lus solitari@? ··:, .. .. · ,, 103 37 Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata f 38 Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola f 39 Scaly-throated Honeyguide Indicator variegatus f 40 Short-toed Snake-Eagle Circaetus gallicus 41 Southern Red Bishop Euplectes orix G 42 Speckled Mousebird Co/ius striatus 43 Sulphur-breasted Bush-Shrike Malaconotus sulfureopectus f 44 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax 45 Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus f 46 Violet-backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster f 47 Whistling Cisticola Cisticola latera/is 48 White-browed Coucal Centropus superciliosus 49 White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini f 50 White-crested Helmet-Shrike Prionops plumatus f 51 Yellow Wagtail Motaci/Ja flava wG 52 Yellow-breasted Apalis Apalis flavida f 53 Yellow-fronted Canary Serinus mozambicus 54 Yellow-throated Greenbul Chlorocich/a f/avicollis f 55 Yellow-throated Longclaw Macronyx croceus G 56 Chin-spot Batis Batis molitor f 57 Black Cuckoo-shrike Campephaga flava f 58 Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala 59 Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subf/ava fw 6o Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird Pogoniu/us bilineatus . ,. F KEY F: Forest generalist- less specialised, also occur in small patches of forest f: Forest visitor W: Waterbird, specialist- normally restricted to wetlands or open waters w: Waterbird, no-specialist - often found near water G: Grassland species R-NT: Regionally Near-threatened G-EN:Giobally Endangered 104 Annex6: Lists of Contacted people for the EA and RAP in respect of Ruhiira Millennium Village 33KVDistribution Line, Different categories of people were consulted. These included the Local Government Officials as well as members of the local .community. The lists are provided below while some of the Names of Key District Officials are also provided. Names Designation District Contact Kwizera Alex Chief Administrative Isingiro 0772925554 Officer Tubehamwe Assistant CAO lsingiro 0782095496 Sebastien Byamukama Venancio Community Mbarara Development Officer coo BAN KUNDA Sub Couqty Chief Mbarara (Mwizi) VELESTINO RUREMA VENANCE LC3 CHAIRMAN Mbarara (Mwizi) Turyahebwa Hanny Principal Assistant Mbarara Secretary -- 105 Annex6: Lists of Contacted people for the EA and RAP in respect of Ruhiira Milleriium Village 33kV Distribution Line, RtRAI, EUCTl'lATIO:\ PHASE II HY RESCO l'HOPERT\ COJ\SI.iLTANT Slf{\'I<~YOHS I .i~t of ( oontartt"d Pt.•rsons DlSTRiCT: 106 RUV\L ELECTmFJCATJON AGENCY !'ROJECTS CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOf~ RESE"I~fLEMENT ACTION I'LAN (RAP) FOR nn: RUHIIHA M!LLENWM EU;:CTRfHCATHJN PROJECT F'WER ENEI~GY .FOR IUH~AL TRA'ISFORMATION I:"IHSl'~ U BY RESCO PHOPERTY CONSULTANT SUIH'fi:VORS List of Contaeted Persons DISTRICT: 108 RURAL ELECTRIFICATiON AG!i:NCY I'RO,IECTS COJ'iSt!LTANCY SERVIO:S FOR RI':SETH.E:VH~:'i I'IWnCT UNDI~R ENERGY FOn RllRAL TnANSFORMATION PR·\SE H BY RESCO I'ROPERT¥ CONSliLTANT SURVl:YORS List of Contacted l:'t>rs{)ns msnucT: 109 ....... ....... 0 ........ ........ ........ - N ........ ........ 0'\ tj :..:: ,::; t:?g ...... ...... 00 - N 0 • RVRAL ELECTRfFii:ATION AG.IU'/(:Y PRO.U:CTS COi\SliLTANCY SERVICES Fm~ RES£TTLE1>'1ENT f'LA"\ (RAP) FOR HIE Rti Hi!HA MILLEN!F\I EU:CrRIFiCATION l'ROJE("f UNDER ENE.RGY fc()R TRANS.FOR\lATIOi'i PHASE H BY RESCO PROPERTY CONSL'LTANT SVR\'EYO!ted Persilns lHSTHICT: 122 ~ ,~­ _, ',;: 0 ,- ~'-- - N 0\ ....... N 00 ,...... w 0 - - ( ") ~c """ .. ~3 -!" - -r ~= ~ -*:' ¥\/ ~ ~-= {f) =~ ..;...= ~~ -z ~~ ~!"" (/:·:,... ~ ,_ 0 :2! i.... 4. ~ ;f, ';";.;;::-~X o::~o s: e :;.;., -r:·~ F' c~~~~~ &;::.~~ (:C V;z.~~~ #"' ,__, 'Z ~ .Zr;ti~] ,, ~ :.:; ~ f-• i~~ IJ':i~ ~c vc.:: ~· I>. ~z ~C· v:c:: ~ :~ 7:\..J ~&:: ~~ ;""'"~ ~~ ,..,_ ~~ ~ '-' ....... w N / - R\1!~AL ELf:CTR!FIC-\ TJ01" AGENCY PRO.JHTS COI'\SFLTANCY SERVlC.ES FOR RES.ETTL.EMEI\T ACTION PLAN (RAP) FOR THE lWIIlmA MILLENWM F:l .ECTIU no, TIOI\ PRO.J ECT l!'