Bihar Jobs People in Bihar are beginning to move off the farm and into other kinds of work. That said, the workforce remains largely tied to agriculture, more so than in most other states in the country. Though there has been an increase in the number of jobs after 2005, job creation has lagged behind the expansion of the working age population that is not in school. Very few workers have salaried jobs. Very few women work in Bihar. Worse still, women have exited the labor force in large numbers after 2005. Non-farm employment is rising in Bihar, but over half of the workforce is still on the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100 19 27 38 80 80 73 60 ■ Non-farm 62 ■ Farm 40 20 0 1994 2005 2012 Non-farm employment share in Bihar is amongst the lowest in the country Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100 100 96 80 74 73 65 64 61 61 60 58 57 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 48 47 45 44 44 43 42 41 40 38 40 38 32 27 20 0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. 1 May 20, 2016 Bihar Jobs Job growth positive in Bihar after 2005, but growth was not as high as in some Low Income States Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn) Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%) WB WB 1.8 UP UP 0.8 RJ RJ 1.1 MH MH 0.5 CG CG 1.6 BH BH 0.5 OD OD 0.7 AP AP 0.3 DL DL 2.2 MP MP 0.4 GJ GJ 0.3 TN TN 0.2 PJ PJ 0.5 TR TR 4.4 HP HP 1.3 SK SK 3.9 MG MG 0.7 GA GA 1.3 MZ MZ 1.1 MN MN 0.1 AR AR -0.1 AS AS 0.0 KL KL -0.1 JH JH -0.2 HR HR -0.3 NL NL -3.6 UK UK -1.0 KA KA -0.5 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. Construction led job creation in Bihar after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn) Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%) FARM FARM -2 CONS CONS 20 THR THR 2 MANU MANU -1 PUB PUB 6 TRAN TRAN 2 FIRB FIRB 10 MINE+UTIL MINE+UTIL -6 0 5 10 15 20 25 ■ 2005 ■ 2012 2 May 20, 2016 Bihar Jobs Increase in wage employment in Bihar after 2005, largely for casual wages Employment by wage type, (%) 100 36 42 80 Wage Labor 4 60 60 6 53 40 Self Employed 20 0 2005 2012 ■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried ■ Self Employed Share of salaried jobs in Bihar is the lowest in the country Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63 60 60 50 40 30 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 22 22 22 21 20 19 18 18 18 18 17 17 14 14 13 13 11 11 11 10 10 10 6 0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. 3 May 20, 2016 Bihar Jobs Not enough jobs in Bihar for the size of the working age population not in school, particularly for females Million Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%) 60 60 ■ 2005 ■ 2012 +9.3 Working age population 50 50 2.5 not in school 40 40 All Workers 0.5 +0.9 30 30 +4.0 Male Workers 2.4 20 20 10 10 -3.1 -10.8 Female Workers 0 0 Working age All Male Female -15 -15 -10-10 -5 -5 0 0 5 5 population not Workers Workers Workers in school Low and falling female labor force participation in Bihar Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 87 88 78 80 73 74 Rural Male 60 67 Urban Male Rural Female 40 Urban Female 23 23 20 9 11 11 8 0 1993-94 2004-05 2011-12 4 May 20, 2016