56627 2008 2004 . . () 39 .2008 / 60 : . .(1 ) . . . . . . . : . :1 61 2010 / 2 . .1 2 . .2 . 1 .3 67 33 . . 43 "" . . . . . . . . . :2008 2004 . . .(3 ) 10 . 2 . 46 :2 900 800 (%43 ) 700 600 (%59 ) 500 400 (%33 ) 300 200 (%67 ) 100 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 . : . 1 . 29 .2008 914 2 3 :3 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 . : . 2004 5.5 3 "" 6 . 2008 . . 2008 10 3. . 4. . . 2007 .4 . 7 85 . 5.2008 . 3 4 .( ) 10 2008 / .2008 / 5 . 4.25 2.9 6 ( ) 2007 7 http://www.citibank.com/citi/microfinance/data/news090703a1.pdf .2009 / 4 10. . . . 2007 · 2008 . 5 .2009 2008 2009 / .( ) 10 . . 10 :4 30 20 10 0 ­10 ­20 ­30 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 . : "" 2008-2004 AMFI MCO : 8 .2009 / 2008-2004 2009 / . 30 9 . 10 2.90 3.66 4.1 2009 / . . 1.84 . 5 :5 30 20 18 16 %13 14 %12 12 10 %10 8 %7 6 4 2 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 / .8 : ... 12 · . 11 . · : . 2008 . 12 . .2009 / 7 : . · 1997 .2000 2008 . 2008 . . 2009 . / 3 . SYM 50 12 2008 4.5 . (2010) 11 SYM 50 2005 / . 12 .. 50 6 .(6 ) 2009 / . . . . . . : : . . . . . ) . .( . . :6 30 8 50 6 4 2 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 .2008 / 2009 / : 7 :1 (%) (2009) 40 (2007) 40 (2008) 39 (2009) 29 MiBOSPO (2009) 40 (2009) 21 (2009) 30 40 . . .(1 ) . : . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 13 . 8 . . .(2009 ) . . 3-2 " : . .(2009 ) " . . . .(2007 ) . " : . . .... . .(2009 ) " . . . . " 1999 : . ) "... .(2001 . . 14 . . 9 . . 16 .(EFSE/MFC 2008) . " . ." . . 40 . . .2008-2004 9600 6-3 . . . . 1999 . . . (7 ) 15. :7 %39 : 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 . : . 14 . 15 . . 10 . . 2006 150 . . . . . " : ." . " : . ." . . 75 . . : . " " ." ." . . 2008-2005 . . . . . . . . 11 .(2009 ) . . . . . 132 2008 2002 . 68 . . . 17. . 16 : 40 . . . . . . 600 . . . . . . 2008 . .2008 / 16 . IFMR Trust 17 12 :1 2009 / . . . 8.5 : " 2009 / / " . .2009 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 %33 : 800 %59 : 600 400 200 0 2004 2008 . : . 28 . . 2009 . . . 2005 . . . 2008 20 . . 10 . .(2009 ) . . 2009 / . " : " .(2009 ) " .... ." : 2009 / 27 M-CRIL . . http://www.crisil.com/index.jsp . 13 . . . . . 18 . 450 .2008 . . . . . ..." . . "... .(2009 ) A A . ( ) BBB+/A-3 . 12 . . 250 . . . . . . ( ) . . . M-CRIL 18 14 . 19 . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . : 2005 . . . . " : . ." . . . . . . http://www.cgap.org/p/site/c/template.rc/1.9.36521/; http://www.microsave.org/toolkit/loan-portfolio-audit-toolkit 19 15 . 20. · . . . . . . . . . . : . · . . . . . · . . . 1999 20 Krishnaswamy, Karuna. 2007. "Competition and multiple borrowing in the Indian microfinance sector." Center for Microfinance, IFMR, 61 2010 / .Chennai. Working Paper Burki, Hussan-Bano. 2009. "Unraveling the Delinquency Problem Lascelles, David. 2008. Microfinance Banana Skins 2008: Risk in in Punjab." MicroNote No. 10. Pakistan Microfinance (9/(2008 a booming industry. Center for the Study of Financial Innovation. .Network http://www.citibank.com/citi/microfinance/data/news080303b.pdf Microfinance Banana Skins 2009: Confronting crisis and .2009 .------ " .2009 . http://www.cgap.org/gm/ . : ."2009 change. Center for the Study of Financial Innovation. http://www. 20%document-1.9.40544/Funder%20Surveys%20Snapshots%202009 citibank.com/citi/microfinance/data/news090703a1.pdf Global.pdf . " .2010 . Christen, Robert, and Mark Flaming. 2009. "Due Diligence Guidelines http://www.cgap.org/gm/ . : . ." for the Review of Microcredit Loan Portfolios: A Tiered Approach." . document-1.9.42394/BR_Microfinance_Sector_Morocco_AR.pdf .Technical Guide. Washington, D.C.: CGAP Rhyne, Elisabeth. 2001. "Mainstreaming Microfinance: How Lending Collins, Daryl, Jonathan Morduch, Stuart Rutherford, and Orlanda ) to the Poor Began, Grew and Came of Age in Bolivia." Kumarian Ruthven. 2009. Portfolios of the Poor: How the World's Poor Live on ( .Press .$2 a Day. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press Roodman, David. 2009. Microfinance Open Book Blog. Chapter 7. EFSE/MFC. 2008. "Pilot Study: Access of Low-Income Households .www.cgap.org : ./http://blogs.cgdev.org/open_book ".to Financial Services in BiH CGAP Srinivasan, N. 2009. Microfinance India State of the Sector Report Holtmann, M., et al. 2002. "Developing Staff Incentive Scheme." H Street, NW 1818 .2009. Sage Publications India Microsave. http://www.microfinancegateway.org/p/site/m//template. MSN P3-300 Washington, DC rc/1.9.29659 USA 20433 Holtmann, M., and M. Grammling. 2005. "A Toolkit for Designing and Implementing Staff Incentive Schemes." Microsave. http://www. 202-473-9594 : 202-522-3744 : microfinancegateway.org/p/site/m//template.rc/1.9.29429 : cgap@worldbank.org CGAP, 2010 © ( ) . . . ( ) () : : .61 ." " .2010 . ./