SFG3875 V3 GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLES' REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH MINISTRY OF FOOD DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF FOOD MODERN FOOD STORAGE FACILITIES PROJECT (MFSP) IDA Credit # 5265-BD ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF GALVANIZED CORRUGATED FLAT BOTTOM STEEL SILO WITH RCC FOUNDATION AND IT'S ANCILLARY WORKS AT MYMENSINGH SITE PROJECT DIRECTOR MODERN FOOD STORAGE FACILITIES PROJECT PROBASHI KALLAYAN BHABAN, BHABAN 71-72, ESKATON GARDEN DHAKA RAMNA, DHAKA-1000, BANGLADESH. DECEMBER, 2016 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table of Content LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ x 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Objectives of the Project ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Strategic Objectives ........................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Key Results ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.4. Scope of Study ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.5. Approach and Methodology.................................................................................................... 3 1.6. Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................ 1 1.7. Limitation of the Study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.8. The ESIA Study Team ............................................................................................................ 2 2. LEGISLATION, REGULATION AND POLICY CONSIDERATION ............................ 3 2.1. National Environmental Laws ................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1. General Description ........................................................................................................ 3 2.1.2. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 ......................................................... 4 2.1.3. Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 ......................................................................... 4 2.1.4. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 ...................... 5 2.1.5. National Environment Action Plan, 1992 ....................................................................... 6 2.1.6. National Water Policy, 1999 ........................................................................................... 6 2.1.7. Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010 ................................................................................. 7 2.1.8. National Integrated Pest Management Policy, 2002 ....................................................... 7 2.1.9. National Fisheries Policy, 1996 ...................................................................................... 7 2.1.10. National Adaption Program of Action (NAPA).............................................................. 8 2.1.11. Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 ........................................................................................... 9 2.1.12. Bangladesh National Building Code, 2006 ..................................................................... 9 2.1.13. National Agricultural Policy, 2010 ............................................................................... 11 2.1.14. National Food Policy, 2006 .......................................................................................... 11 2.1.15. National Food Policy Plan of Action, 2008-2015 ......................................................... 12 2.1.16. Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011 ....................................................... 13 i Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 2.2. World Bank’s Environmental Safeguard Policies................................................................. 13 2.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment ....................................................................... 14 2.2.2 OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.3 OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management ...................................................................................... 15 2.2.4 OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources...................................................................... 16 2.2.5 OP/BP 4.36 Forests ....................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Environment, Health & Safety Guidelines............................................................................ 16 2.4 Social Policies & Legislation of Bangladesh ........................................................................ 18 2.4.1 General Description ...................................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Constitution of Bangladesh ........................................................................................... 18 2.4.3 The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 ................. 19 2.4.4 The East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950 (Revised, 1994) ............... 19 2.4.5 Constitutional Right of the Tribal Peoples Rights ........................................................ 20 2.4.6 The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1990 ............................................................... 20 2.4.7 The Chittagong Hill Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation, 1958................................ 20 2.4.8 The CHT Regional Council Act, 1998.......................................................................... 21 2.4.9 Ethnic Minority Rights in PRSP, 2005 ......................................................................... 21 2.4.10 GOB Laws and Land Acquisition ................................................................................. 22 2.5 World’s Bank Social Safeguard Policy................................................................................. 22 2.5.1 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) ............................................................................. 22 2.5.2 Indigenous People (OP 4.10) ........................................................................................ 23 2.6 Implication of National Policies and Legislations on this Project ........................................ 23 2.7 Implication of Environmental Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project ............................. 23 2.8 Implication of Social Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project ........................................... 24 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 25 3.1. Location of the Project .......................................................................................................... 25 3.2. Description of Initial Works ................................................................................................. 28 3.3. Existing Structure.................................................................................................................. 30 3.4. Construction of Steel Silos.................................................................................................... 31 3.5. Implementation Schedule...................................................................................................... 32 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 33 4.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................................... 33 4.1.1 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2 Noise Level ................................................................................................................... 38 ii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.3 Physiography................................................................................................................. 39 4.1.4 Topography ................................................................................................................... 42 4.1.5 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 44 4.1.6 Air quality ..................................................................................................................... 46 4.1.7 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 46 4.1.8 Soil Quality ................................................................................................................... 51 4.1.9 Agro-Ecological Zones within the Project Area ........................................................... 53 4.1.10 Seismicity ...................................................................................................................... 55 4.2 Biological Environment ........................................................................................................ 57 4.2.1 Bio-Ecological Zones.................................................................................................... 57 4.2.2 Terrestrial Ecosystem.................................................................................................... 59 4.2.3 Aquatic Ecosystem........................................................................................................ 60 4.2.4 Protected Areas & Red Book Species ........................................................................... 60 4.3 Social Environment ............................................................................................................... 62 4.3.1 Demographic Profile ..................................................................................................... 62 4.3.2 Survey Finding of Social Impact Assessment............................................................... 67 4.3.3 Environmental & Social Hotspot .................................................................................. 67 4.3.4 Cultural, Religious and Archaeological Sites ............................................................... 68 5. SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK .......... 70 5.1 Objectives of SMRPF ........................................................................................................... 70 5.2 Basic Planning Principles...................................................................................................... 70 5.3 Social Screening & Impact Assessment................................................................................ 71 5.3.1 Exclusion Criteria ......................................................................................................... 71 5.3.2 Social Impact Assessment Methodology ...................................................................... 71 5.4 Social Management and Resettlement Policy ....................................................................... 73 6. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ............................................................ 74 6.1 Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ........................................................ 74 6.1.1 Potential Impacts during Pre-construction Phase .......................................................... 74 6.1.2 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase ............................................................... 78 6.1.3 Potential Impacts during Operational Phase ................................................................. 83 6.2 Assessment of Social Impacts & Mitigation ......................................................................... 86 6.2.1 Social Screening............................................................................................................ 86 6.2.2 Impacts on Indigenous People ...................................................................................... 87 6.2.3 Social Exclusion............................................................................................................ 87 iii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 6.2.4 Impacts Due to Non-Local Work Force ........................................................................ 87 6.2.5 Impacts on Local Infrastructure .................................................................................... 87 6.2.6 Impacts on Conflict of Labor Influx ............................................................................. 87 6.2.7 Project Benefits ............................................................................................................. 88 6.2.8 Social Welfare Works by the Project Authority ........................................................... 88 7. ARRANGEMENT OF SILO BINS AND ANCILLARY FACILITIES ......................... 90 7.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 90 7.2 Safeguard facilities during Construction works .................................................................... 90 7.3 Traffic Management.............................................................................................................. 92 7.4 Residential Arrangement for the Silo Experts ...................................................................... 92 7.5 Solid waste Management support from Pourashava ............................................................. 92 8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................... 94 8.1 Objectives of the ESMP ........................................................................................................ 94 8.2 Environmental and Social Management and Mitigation Plan............................................... 94 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ........................................................................ 101 8.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 101 8.3.2 Objectives of the ESMoP ............................................................................................ 101 8.4 EMP in Bidding Document ................................................................................................. 103 8.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................................... 104 8.6 Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation ....................................................... 106 8.6.1 Implementation Responsibility ................................................................................... 107 8.6.2 Construction Phase...................................................................................................... 107 8.6.3 Operation Phase .......................................................................................................... 108 8.7 Training Plan ....................................................................................................................... 108 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ........................................................................................ 110 9.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 110 9.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 110 9.3 Consultation with various Stakeholders .............................................................................. 111 9.4 Findings of the consultation meetings ................................................................................ 115 10. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 116 10.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 116 10.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................ 116 APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................... 117 iv Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX A: Site Clearance Certificate with ToR for EIA ........................................................ 117 APPENDIX B: Noise Level Test Result......................................................................................... 119 APPENDIX C: Test Result for Ground Water (On Site)................................................................ 120 APPENDIX D: Test Result for Surface Water (On Site) ............................................................... 121 APPENDIX E: Test Result for Ground Water (DPHE Laboratory) ............................................... 122 APPENDIX F: Test Result for Surface Water (DPHE Laboratory) ............................................... 123 APPENDIX G: List of Plants in the Project Area .......................................................................... 124 APPENDIX H: List of Fauna Identified in the Project Area .......................................................... 126 APPENDIX I: Important Sensitive Locations in the PIA ............................................................... 128 APPENDIX I: Important Sensitive Locations in the PIA ............................................................... 128 APPENDIX J: Socio-Economic Survey Template ......................................................................... 132 APPENDIX K: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Participants List ................................................. 138 APPENDIX L: Study References ................................................................................................... 142 Annex-M: Sample Environmental Action Plan for Mymensingh Silo and ancillary works.............. 143 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Location of Sample Collection ............................................................................................. 1 Figure 3.2: Location of Mymensingh Silo Site ..................................................................................... 27 Figure 3.3: Layout Plan of Mymensingh Silo Site................................................................................ 29 Figure 3.4: Proposed Silo Site .............................................................................................................. 30 Figure 3.5: Preliminary design of steel silos ......................................................................................... 32 Figure 4.1: Climatic Zones of Bangladesh............................................................................................ 34 Figure 4.2: Average Monthly Maximum & Minimum Temperature .................................................... 35 Figure 4.3: Average Monthly Total Rainfall in Tangail Station ........................................................... 35 Figure 4.4: Average Monthly Relative Humidity in Tangail Station.................................................... 36 Figure 4.5: Average Monthly Maximum Wind Speed in Tangail Station ............................................ 36 Figure 4.6: Average Monthly Sunshine in Tangail Station................................................................... 37 Figure 4.7: Average Monthly Cloud Coverage in Tangail Station ....................................................... 37 Figure 4.8: Noise Level Measuring in the Project Area........................................................................ 38 Figure 4.9: Physiographic Units of Bangladesh.................................................................................... 41 Figure 4.10: Topographic Map of project area ..................................................................................... 43 Figure 4.11: Geology of project area .................................................................................................... 45 Figure 4.12: Water Bodies and River Network Map ............................................................................ 47 Figure 4.13:Water Sampling and On-site Testing in the Project Location ........................................... 48 Figure 4.14: Surface Water Sampling and On-site Testing in the Project Location ............................. 49 Figure 4.15: Arsenic Contaminated Zones of Bangladesh.................................................................... 50 Figure 4.16: Soil Types of project area ................................................................................................. 52 Figure 4.17: Agro-Ecological Zones of project area............................................................................. 54 v Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.18: Seismic Zones of Bangladesh ........................................................................................... 56 Figure 4.19: Bio-Ecological Zones of Bangladesh ............................................................................... 58 Figure 4.20: Flora in the Project Area................................................................................................... 59 Figure 4.21: Environmental Protected Areas of Bangladesh ................................................................ 61 Figure 4.22: Existing transportation facilities outside and inside of the project area ........................... 67 Figure 4.23: Sensitive Locations in Mymensingh................................................................................. 69 Figure 7.1: Arrangement of labor camp, stockpiles, water source, latrines etc. ................................... 91 Figure 7.2: Transportation arrangement around silo area during construction period .......................... 93 Figure 8-1 Implementation Step Up of the Project ............................................................................. 106 Figure 9.1: Photos of Focus Group Discussions ................................................................................. 112 vi Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: The ESIA Study Team .............................................................................................................. 2 Table 2.1: EHS Guidelines of World Bank ............................................................................................. 17 Table 3.1: Summary of the existing and proposed Structures of Mymensingh Silo Area .................... 31 Table 4.1: Noise Level measured in Oct'17 at Different Locations (primary source data) .................. 39 Table 4.2: Air Quality Monitoring Data ................................................................................................ 46 Table 4.3: Results for Groundwater Field Sample ................................................................................ 48 Table 4.4: Results for Surface Water Field Sample ............................................................................... 49 Table 4.5: Seismic Zonation of Bangladesh........................................................................................... 55 Table 4.6: Housing structure in the Mymensingh area......................................................................... 63 Table 4.7: Religion Composition of Mymensingh ................................................................................. 63 Table 4.8: Educational Institutions in Mymensingh.............................................................................. 64 Table 4.9: Income Sources of Mymensingh .......................................................................................... 64 Table 4.10: Water Consumption Rates from different Water Sources................................................. 65 Table 6.1: Social Screening.................................................................................................................... 86 Table 6.2: Social Impact Assessment (SIA) ............................................................................................ 89 Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Management /Mitigation Plan ................................................... 95 Table 8.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan........................................................................ 102 Table 8.3: Cost of ESMP ...................................................................................................................... 103 Table 8.4: Environmental and Social Training Plan ............................................................................. 108 Table 9.1: Details of FGDs ................................................................................................................... 111 Table 9.2: Summary of the FGD .......................................................................................................... 113 vii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AEZ Agro-Ecological Zones ARIPO African Regional Intellectual Property Organization AP Affected Person AD Alluvion Dilluvion BP Bank Procedure BECA Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BMD Bangladesh Meteorological Department BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BoQ Bill of Quantities BNBC Bangladesh National Building Code BFIDC Bangladesh Forest Industries Development Corporation BADC Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CoP Conference of the Parties CIP Country Investment Plan CLAC Central Land Allocation Committee DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering DG Directorate General DoE Department of Environment DC Deputy Commissioner EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ECA Environmental Conservation Act ECR Environmental Conservation Rules EA Environmental Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate EMP Environmental Management Plan EHS Environment, Health & Safety EMF Environmental Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMoP Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan GIIP Good International Industry Practice GoB Government of Bangladesh viii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh GIS Geographic Information System GW Ground Water HDC Hill District Councils HSE Health, Safety and Environment HQ Headquarter IEE Initial Environmental Examination IPM Integrated Pest Management IDA International Development Association IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LSD Least Significant Difference MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MFSFP Modern Food Storage Facilities Project MDG Millennium Development Goal MoL Ministry of Land NFP National Food Policy NAPA National Adaption Program of Action NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NGO Non-Governmental Organization OP Operational Plan O&M Operation and Maintenance PPE Personal Protective Equipments PoA Plan of Action PRSP Property Reduction Strategy Papers PIA Project Influenced Area RAP Resettlement Action Plan SIA Social Impact Assessment SRDI Soil Resources Development Institute SOD Standing Orders on Disaster SMPRF Social Management and Resettlement Policy Framework SPM Suspended Particular Matter USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNDP United Nations Development Program WHO World Health Organization WB World Bank ix Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world to natural disasters that are likely to be exacerbated due to climate changes, and 60% of the world-wide deaths, caused by natural disasters during the last 20 years, were in Bangladesh. Climate change is anticipated to lead to more intense and frequent cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well as sea level rise and associated salinity intrusion in the coastal areas leading to growing pressure on ensuring adequate food security and nutrition. The Directorate General of Food (DG Food) estimates that, by 2020, grain storage requirements would be about 3 million tons for a population of about 170 million people. Based on current and project storage availability, this is expected to result in estimated shortages of grain storage space of about 1.7 million tons by 2020. The modern food storage facilities proposed for construction under this project could considerably improve the efficacy of the government’s emergency response and recovery efforts in disaster-prone areas, and could enhance the efficiency of its Public Food Distribution System. In response to the above challenges, GoB seeks to improve its capacity to respond to short and longer term post-disaster food and nutrition security needs by enhancing its network of food grain storage facilities and building modern food storage facilities; at the same time, it aims to improve the efficacy and accountability of the public food grain system. METHODOLOGY The study is based on both primary and secondary data and information. The primary data includes data collected from field observations, survey and secondary data includes review of the Bangladesh statistical and relevant information from Government Departments. Discussions were held with stakeholders including community representatives and local people. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Legislative bases for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Bangladesh are the Environmental Conservation Act 1995 (ECA’95) and the Environmental Conservation Rules 1997 (ECR’97). Department of Environment (DoE), under the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) is the regulatory body responsible for enforcing the ECA’95 and ECR’97. It is the responsibility of the project proponent to conduct an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of development proposal and the responsibility to review ESIAs for the purpose of issuing Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) rests on the DOE and fulfill the world bank social safe guard issues. The project authority already got the site clearance certificate (SCC) from the DoE. x Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT The proposed Mymensingh CSD Campus Silo site administratively belongs to Dhaka Division of Bangladesh. Mymensingh, one of the oldest districts of Bangladesh, is located in the central north part of Bangladesh stands on the bank of the Brahmaputra River. Mymensingh is bounded by the Garo Hills and Meghalya State of India in the north, Gazipur District in the south, Netrakona and Kishorganj District in the east and Sherpur, Jamalpur and Tangail District in the west. The present Mymensingh CSD is situated on Mymensingh- Tangail highway connected to road and rail way line built in 1959. The river Brahmaputra flows by the eastern side of the Mymensingh city. It is situated very close to Mymensingh town. The location of the site is at the coordinate of N24°46΄39΄΄ and E90°21΄48΄΄. Total project works has been considered in two phases. In the first phase, the sub-project preparation works like; site development by earth filling, office building etc. has been done. In the second phase; main construction works like 16 nos. flat bottoms prefabricated steel silo bins and silo related ancillary works as well as interventions will be constructed/ installed. Design and estimates of the silo bins and ancillary works has been completed and awaiting for the engagement of contractors of the construction works. There are sixteen nos. of steel silos will be constructed under this project. Each silos capacity for storage is 3000 T. There are lot of equipments will be used during silos operation like belt conveyor, bagging station, chain conveyor, chiller etc. The speed control time is 60 t/h. The total capacity of storage will be 48000 T. DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT The project area is, under Mymensingh Division, located in the South-central climatic zone. The region has a tropical climate with three main seasons–the hot and humid summer, the rainy season and the mild and relatively dry winter. The highest average recorded temperature in this weather station was 33.8°C in April. The lowest average recorded temperature was found in the month of January which was 11.3°C. Statistical data of 1987 to 2013 shows that Tangail station experiences almost 320 mm rainfall during monsoon. In the month of December and January of winter season around 10 mm rainfall occurred in the region of Tangail weather station. Humidity in the above area maximized in June to September in the year which ranges from 83% to 85%. On the other hand, humidity falls around 70% in February, March and April during the winter season in the Tangail station area. Average wind speed maximum value is 1.85 mps in June. The minimum wind speed was 0.68mps in the month of December. Noise level has been monitored at inside and outside of the project location during day time. Results of the noise level monitored were within the standard limit of Bangladesh. The project area falls in the Jamuna (Young Brahmaputra) River Floodplain physiographic unit. On 12th October 2016, groundwater sample was collected by environmental team from a tube well depth about 180 ft near the project area and surface water sample was collected from the nearby khal. The Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) analyzed the sample. It is found from the GW quality test result that all the parameters were well within xi Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh the Bangladesh ground water quality standard set by Department of Environment. (The ground water quality result is attached in Appendix D and F). It is also found from the Surface Water quality test result that all parameters were well within the Bangladesh surface water quality standard set by Department of Environment. (The surface water quality result is attached in Appendix E and G). The soil near the project area is Non-Calcareous Alluvium soils. As per the seismic zone map, project area falls in the zone I. According to the bioecological map zones the project area falls in Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain ecological zone. No endangered/ critically endangered or threatened terrestrial or aquatic species were found in the project area. No archaeological but some culturally protected areas were found that would have anticipated impact. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Environmental impacts assessment was carried out considering present environmental setting of the project area, and nature and extent of the proposed activities. Potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed project activities are classified as: (i) impacts during pre-construction phase, (ii) impacts during construction phase and ii) impacts during operation phase. Here the project has no land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impact. Most of the impact will occur duing construction activities of the silos. The area is, within the existing CSD boundary, free from environmental hotspot, and away from any environmentally sensitive area. The sub-project will not be harmful to the issues like; resettlement, vulnerable group or women. Some anticipated impacts will have to be considered, especially, during construction and operation periods and those are to be well managed, to minimize environmental and social impacts and hazards, as the means of mitigation measures to the probable impacts. For the sustainable development as well as to maintain environmental friendly infrastructure, measures start from design phase and to be taken during construction stage and extend in the operation phase. Before starting the construction works, an well planning is required to place the laborers' shed, drinking water facility, sanitary latrines, equipment and materials yards, lubricant and fuel keeping facility, temporary drainage facilities, solid waste management facilities etc. The labor-shed shall be with proper living, lighting and cooking arrangement, waste water drainage arrangement from the kitchen area, waste bins and solid waste management facilities, and adequate drinking water supply, sanitary latrine facilities, personal protection equipments, first aid box etc. are to be provided before starting the construction works. The construction materials' yard and place for keeping the prefabricated steel sheets will be fixed in ahead of starting the silo bins' super-structure setting. As, the area is within the existing CSD godowns, stone/ brick crushing and steel fabrication will not be allowed within the campus. Only pre-fabricated steel sheet and coarse aggregates will be carried to the construction site and separate areas/ yards will have to be maintained for that. For carrying the construction materials, care should be taken on traffic management. Safety measures, along with the other traffic movement for existing CSD xii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh godowns, will be taken very carefully. In addition to the Mymensingh-Tangail highway, the waterway may also be used to carry construction materials. ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR SETTING SILO BINS AND ANCILLARY FACILITIES For the environmental and social safeguard compliances, the construction and installation of water supply and sanitation facilities, along with the labor-camp placement, will have to be done very carefully. The areas, near the office building (constructed during preparatory works), along the boundary wall side, will be suitable for setting the workers' facilities like labor-shed, toilet and solid waste management. Cleaning of labor-camp site, etc. will have to be accommodated very cautiously, because of the existing CSD facilities, no disturbance will be allowed to the existing CSD godowns and related facilities. Also, the toilet facilities may be accommodated along the boundary wall side. Precaution is to be made on cleaning the living and toiletry facilities, because, the whole works will be commenced within the existing CSD areas. The Supervision Consultant's Engineer and the Contractor will take a careful decision for setting the workers' facilities, material stocking yard etc. within the limited area. Proper traffic management is necessary during carrying construction materials. The environmental and social safeguard issues have been accommodated with the engagement of people for traffic management during construction and operation periods. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN Environmental Management Plan has been developed to address all adverse impacts pertaining to the implementation of the project. The plan presented in tabular form includes impacts, their sources of occurrence, their mitigation measures, actors responsible for implementation of mitigation measures and their responsibilities. Environmental Monitoring Plan has been incorporated key environmental components and parameters to be monitored their indicators, frequency, timing and locations of monitoring and also the actors responsible for carrying out such monitoring. Grievance Redress Mechanism, Institutional Arrangement, Environmental Safeguard Compliance cost etc. has been incorporated in the Environmental Management and Monitoring chapter. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM A grievance can be defined as an actual or perceived problem that might give grounds for complaint. As a general policy, DG-Food along with the MFSP will work proactively towards arising and minimizing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. The Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) sets out the information and communications strategy to ensure that PAPs and communities are fully informed about their rights to offer suggestions and make complaints, and the different mechanisms through which they can do so, including grievances through creating more sounds during construction, pollution through improper solid waste management, traffic disturbance during xiii Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh the movement of more vehicles during construction and operation phases etc. This will be the responsibility of the PMU, CSC, and contractors and persons designated to be responsible for stakeholder liaison. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION PHASES A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established under the DG Food for day–to-day implementation and monitoring of the project activities. The PMU is headed by a Project Director who is assisted by; (i) Deputy-Project Director; (ii) technical specialists (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical); (ii) Senior Procurement Specialist, and Procurement Analyst; (iii) Senior Financial Management Specialist, and accountant and a book keeper; (iv) Senior Environmental Specialist, (v) Senior Social Specialist, and (vi) Senior Communication Specialist. Each Silo site is headed by the Project Coordinator for coordination with the contractors, consultants and local administration as well as with communities, along with a Technical Specialist. The PMU has a Senior Environmental Specialist (SES) to ensure implementation of EMP and other environmental management responsibilities. The SES maintaining liaison with WB safeguards team, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders during the Project implementation. The SES will also coordinate with the environmental staff of the Construction Supervision Consultants. The Supervision Consultants will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site- based Environment Monitor (EM) at each construction site (before starting the construction works). The EMs will monitor and supervise the EMP implementation at the field level. The EMs will maintain coordination with SES at the PMU level and supervise and monitor the construction contractor. The EMs need to be a graduate preferably in environmental science/engineering with at least 5 years’ experience in the related field. The construction contractors will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site- based Environment Supervisors (ESs) at each construction site. The ESs will be responsible to implement various aspects of the EMP particularly the mitigation measures to ensure that the environmental impacts of the construction works remain within acceptable limits. The ESs will maintain coordination with the EMs at the site level. The ESs will also be responsible to conduct environmental trainings for the construction crew. The EM needs to be a graduate preferably in environmental science/engineering with at least 3 years’ experience in the related field. The (Health, Safety and Environment) HSE function will be a key element of the operation and maintenance arrangements at each of the silo facility. Dedicated HSE personnel will be part of the O&M staff and will be responsible to prepare and then implement the relevant parts of the Operations Manual for ensuring health and safety during project operation. TRAINING PLAN A series of training programs has been proposed under the MFSP Silo project to enhance the skills of the MFSP as well as contractor staff in environmental aspects especially xiv Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Safeguard arrangements. The Environmental and Social consultants (PMU and D&S consultants) will be responsible for imparting training to the engineers and supervisors engaged in construction and operation works. The, following training programs are to be included for effective implementation of environmental safeguard issues during construction period and operation stages:  Implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and auditing of Environmental Management System (EMS)  Documentation requirements of ISO 14001 2004  Internal and external communications  Internal audit PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS Four consultation meetings were held during October 2016 at the project areas. The consultation meetings were conducted with different level of local people. Total 60 (sixty) participants, different level of people like; local representatives, businessmen, day laborers, farmers, shop keepers etc, were in the meetings. In consultation meetings; environmental and social issues were examined. The main focus was to dig out the mental supports from different level of stakeholders regarding the new concept of food storage facilities, i.e. the silo construction works in lieu of the traditional food storage facilities. The issue on potential impact of construction works has also been raised. Most of participants appreciated because of the benefit from the proposed project. They also discussed about noise, water and soil pollution issue that are evolving because of existing project and the future possibilities. They expect improved technology to minimize the problem. The outcome of the consultation meetings were as follows.  There should be effective mitigation measures in order to reduce noise pollution during construction period. Improved technology and proper management plan would help to mitigate the noise pollution.  Surface water and soil pollution should be controlled by monitoring the runoff of waste materials to the surroundings.  Air pollution from the construction materials and emission from machineries might create problem. Contractor should spray water during material transportation and use cover for air pollution sources if possible.  It will generate more employment in terms of using more laborers, more rice mills will be established, transport business will boost, poultry farming will enrich further and so on. The local people requested that local labor should be used during construction and operation. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION On the basis of the analysis, it may be concluded that the project stands environmentally sound and sustainable when the recommended mitigation measure and environmental management processes are adopted properly. xv Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Seasonal weather conditions would have an impact on the construction activities. The construction activities may even have to be stopped during these periods. So it is recommended that commencing construction in early winter season may help to reap the benefit of full dry spell of the season. In order to enhance the occupational health and worker safety during the construction period, construction equipment would have to be kept in good order. Adequate safety measures should be taken and safety related equipment including personal protective and safety equipments (PPE), firefighting equipment etc. must be provided in order to reduce the potential accidents. Solid waste will be generated during the construction period from excavation and refuse from construction camps and that would be under control management. The major issue is the need to minimize disturbance to the local population in the areas of construction. A positive policy of employing local people during the construction phase should be adopted. Since, the implementation of the proposed project will bring benefit through helping to meet the food security, certain minor environmental impacts of the associated project will have to be compromised for the better interest of the country. However, the anticipated impacts are mostly of short duration and relatively minor in nature. To ensure compliance with the EMP the contractor should deploy an environmental specialist to monitor and report project activities throughout the project construction phase. In view of the above considerations and the fact that the executing agency will maintain standard quality of implementation of the program with due consideration to other standing rules and regulations including but not limited to the ECA 1995 (amended 2010) and ECR 1997 the project is recommended for implementation. xvi 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world to natural disasters that are likely to be exacerbated due to climate changes, and 60% of the world-wide deaths caused by natural disasters during the last 20 years were in Bangladesh. Climate change is anticipated to lead to more intense and frequent cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well as sea level rise and associated salinity intrusion in the coastal areas leading to growing pressure on ensuring adequate food security and nutrition. Growing climate variability and natural disaster risks is anticipated to increase pressure on the Government of Bangladesh to effectively distribute food packets and food aid as a part of its post-disaster recovery programs. During the 2007 floods and the subsequent Cyclones Sidr and Aila (in 2007 and 2009, respectively), crop losses were estimated to be over one million tons each. However, while floods typically cause damage to crops and food stocks (both household and government stocks), post-flood crop yields are typically higher than average (“bumper crops”) because of rich silt deposited on the topsoil, leading to high production that has often served to replace stock shortages. In the case of cyclones, it is not only the losses during the cyclone but production is also severely hampered in the years to follow because saline sea water from storm surges is often deposited on agricultural lands, resulting in food stock shortages for at least two years. The Directorate General of Food (DG Food) estimates that, by 2020, grain storage requirements would be about 3 million tons for a population of about 170 million people. Based on current and project storage availability, this is expected to result in estimated shortages of grain storage space of about 1.7 million tons by the year 2020. However, given the current implementation capacity of the DG Food, and in order to avoid overstocking, it is recommended that the expansion of storage facilities occur in a phased approach. Government of The People’s Republic of Bangladesh has received an IDA credit toward the costs of the Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), being implemented by the Directorate General of Food, Ministry of Food. Bangladesh experiences frequent catastrophic weather events resulting in heavy losses in lives and property. Because of these weather related challenges, the Government of Bangladesh is implementing programs aimed at minimizing loss and expediting recovery from these events. The modern food storage facilities proposed for construction under this project could considerably improve the efficacy of the government’s emergency response and recovery efforts in disaster-prone areas, and could enhance the efficiency of its Public Food Distribution System. To respond to the above challenges, GoB seeks to improve its capacity to respond to short and longer term post-disaster food and nutrition security needs by enhancing its network of food grain storage facilities and building modern food storage facilities; at the same time, it aims to improve the efficacy and accountability of the public food grain system. 1 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 1.2. Objectives of the Project 1.2.1 Strategic Objectives Modern storage facilities proposed for construction under this project in different strategic locations across the country will allow grain to be kept in bulk for up to two to three years in better conditions relative to the godowns used currently, with reduced grain losses and enhanced nutritional value of the grain distributed. With strengthened capacity for improving enhancing the overall stock management in the modern silos, and comprehensive analyses for enhancing policy framework on strategic grain reserves, GoB will be in a position to make sound and informed decisions as it reconciles the three strategic objectives that impact the domestic food market: 1.2.2 Specific Objectives The specific objectives of this project are: 1.3. Key Results The key results are expected from the project as follows:  Increased availability of grain stocks immediately after a major disaster;  Increased number of households whose grain needs can be met immediately af after the disaster;  Change in cost per ton in storing grain relative to pre pre-project cost; 2 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  Reduced loss in grain stocks relative to pre-project losses; and  Better monitoring, and improved governance and management of food stocks. 1.4. Scope of Study The scope of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) study associated with the silo construction and ancillary facilities comprise with the acts like; to present a general description of the project activities, describing the baseline environment, outlining the socio- economic environment around, suggesting the plan for managing the socio-environmental impacts during implementation and operation, and finally estimating the cost for environmental and social safeguard compliance issues involved during construction and operation phases. The scope of the ESIA included:  Identify the activities are to be done under Mymensingh Silo sub-project, with the associated ancillary works,  Explore the present environment and socio-economic condition of Mymensingh areas,  Finding the probable socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with Mymensingh silo and surrounding areas,  Investigating the future benefits of the people around Mymensingh or grievances among them, if any, due to the implementation of silo facilities in addition to CSD,  Investigating the public opinion of Mymensingh and surrounding areas on modern silo facilities in the place of present trend of CSD facilities they are enjoying,  Categorize the pollutions, may come out during construction and operation phases, in Mymensingh and surrounding areas,  Come across the solutions to the probable impacts during implementation and operation phases of new silo facilities in the CSD campus,  Finding the optimum solutions to every impact during implementation and operation phases at Mymensingh CSD site,  Assessment of institutional aspects, and development of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan for the modern silo facilities.  Estimating the environmental and social safeguard costs to be involved with the construction cost of Mymensingh silo and ancillary works. 1.5. Approach and Methodology The ESIA study was carried out using reconnaissance survey, field visits, consultation with stakeholders, household survey, review of existing data, assessment to identify adverse impacts and preparation of EMP and post-project Environmental Monitoring Program. Physical assessments were made for entire project site with respect to terrestrial and aquatic aspects. The task of preparing the ESIA report consisted of the following sequential components: 3 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  Identification and screening of the environmental parameters relevant to the proposed project through a scoping process;  Assessment of the magnitude of the potential negative impacts for relevant environmental parameters;  Formulation of avoidance/mitigation measures to address the potential negative impacts, and preparation of a monitoring program during the period of project implementation; Scoping and field visits to the project sites identified the environmental parameters/ components (relevant to the project actions) which are susceptible to be affected. The field visit also included participatory approach, which involved discussions with local people in order to determine the perceptions and priorities of the stakeholders in the Project area. Apart from the local people, information were also obtained from the local school teacher and local government. Information were also derived from secondary sources like different reports, journals, Satellite Image Analysis, research papers, NGO, government officials etc. The Location of Sample Collection Map is shown in Figure 1.1. 4 Figure 1.1: Location of Sample Collection 1 1.6. Structure of the Report The report fulfills the requirements of ESIA under ECR, 1997 and has been prepared in accordance with the TOR provided by the Department of Environment (DOE). The report contains ten chapters and the chapter details are discussed below:  Chapter 1 describes the background information of Mymensingh silo site and selection of strategic location, objectives of the sub-project (silo bins and ancillary works to be done), key results to be achieved after silo construction at Mymensingh site, scope of ESIA study and approach and methodology for the ESIA study associated with the Mymensingh silo and ancillary works,  Chapter 2 is on policy, legal and administrative framework describing the relevant policy and legal frameworks for the ESIA process, including the process of obtaining environmental clearance from the competent authorities.  Chapter 3 contains detailed project description along with all the sub-project interventions are to be constructed and implemented.  Chapter 4 describes environmental and social baseline condition with details on physical environment, land resources, agricultural resources, fisheries, ecosystem, socio-economic condition and social characteristics of the area.  Chapter 5 describes Social Management and resettlement policy framework, emphasizing the inclusion and integration of society people in all activities.  Chapter 6 presents the impacts assessment and mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse impacts and enhancing the benefits of the project and specific works to be done during design, construction and operation phases.  Chapter 7 describes the alternative arrangements for setting different type of interventions (silo bins, conveyor belt, office, residential arrangement etc.) associated with the sub-project within the specified allocated area.  Chapter 8 describes the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) and monitoring plan along with the monitoring indicators.  Chapter 9 describes public consultation discussion with local stakeholders with their ideas, views about the project through knowledge sharing  Chapter 10 concluding the ESIA report along with the recommendations. 1.7. Limitation of the Study The present ESIA Report has been prepared based on the primary field investigations / assessment, and secondary data collected from various government departments, climatic data has been used from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), Department of Environment, Bangladesh (DoE) and published journals, and books, public consultation with local stakeholders and site observations. The environmental and social assessment is based on 1 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh the information collected from the various Agencies, community consultations and observations. Professional judgment and subjective interpretation of facts and observations has been applied for the preparation of the ESIA Report. 1.8. The ESIA Study Team A multidisciplinary team of ESIA experts having experience of conducting Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of large scale industrial and infrastructural development projects. Table 1.1 presents the professionals’ names with their positions. Table 1.1: The ESIA Study Team No. Name Position 1 Mr. S. M. Sanaul Kafi Environmental Specialist 2 Mr. Md. Shafiqur Rahman Social Safeguard Specialist 3 Ms. Tanzia Sharmin Junior Environmental Engineer 4 Mr. Masfiq Bashir Junior Environmental Specialist-1 5 Ms. Mafia Mostafa Junior Environmental Specialist-2 6 Md. Atiqur Rahman Junior Social safeguard Specialist-2 7 Mr. Madhu Shudan Das GIS Expert 8 Mr. Abdul Malek Surveyor-1 9 Mr. Liton Surveyor-2 10 Mr. Shahidul Islam Surveyor-3 11 Mr. Bappy Rahman Surveyor-4 2 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 2. LEGISLATION, REGULATION AND POLICY CONSIDERATION The Environmental and Social Impact Study (ESIA) has been performed in accordance with the rules, laws and regulations governed by the Bangladesh Government and according to the operation policy of the World Bank. The laws, rules and regulations, adapted by the government of Bangladesh, for overall environmental improvement and to provide environmental and social safeguards, during implementation and operation of any physical infrastructure, considered during the ESIA study for Mymensingh Silo site, are; National Environment Action Plan, 1992, Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995, Environment Conservation Rules, 1997, National Water Policy, 1999, National Fisheries Policy, 1996, Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010, National Integrated Pest Management Policy, 2002, National Adaption Program of Action (NAPA), Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011, Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009, Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, Bangladesh National Building Code, 2006 (for demolition of Structure and for Occupational Health & Safety), National Agricultural Policy, 2010, National Food Policy, 2006 etc. As per criterion set forth in the ECR 1997, Mymensingh silo sub-project is under Orange-B category. On the other hand, as the sub-project is associated with the World Bank' s investment, the Bank's Operation Policy (OP)/ Bank Procedure (BP) are involved with the ESIA study, and those are; Environmental Policies like, (OP/BP 4.01-Environmental Assessment, OP/BP 4.04-Natural Habitats, OP/BP 4.09-Pest Management, OP/BP 4.11-Physical Cultural Resources, OP/BP 4.36-Forests and OP/BP 4.37-Safety of Dams, Social Policies like, OP/BP 4.10-Indigenous Peoples and OP/BP 4.12-Involuntary Resettlement and the Legal Policies like, OP/BP 7.50-International Waterways and OP/BP 7.60-Disputed Areas, were carefully observed during the study. According to World Bank OP/BP the project has been considered as a Category B project. 2.1. National Environmental Laws 2.1.1. General Description A wide range of laws and regulations related to environmental issues are in place in Bangladesh. Many of these are cross-sectoral and partially related to environmental issues. The most important of these are the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA, 1995), and the Environment Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997). In addition to the Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act and Rules, there are a number of other policies, plans and strategies which deal with the water sector, agricultural development, coastal area, protected area disaster management and climate change. These are the National Water Policy, 1999; the Forest Act 1927 (last modified 30th April 2000); National Forest Policy, 1994; the National Conservation Strategy1992; National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP), 1995; National Agricultural Policy, 2010; National Food Policy 2006; National Food Policy Plan of Action, 2008-2015; Food Grain Movement Policy, 2008; Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011; National Fisheries Policy, 1996; Standing Orders on Disaster, 1999 (revised in 2010); Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, 2009; 3 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh National Plan for Disaster Management, 2010-2015. Some of these policies and legislations are described in this chapter for reference. 2.1.2. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 The national environmental legislation known as Environmental Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA'95) is currently the main legislative document relating to environmental protection in Bangladesh, which replaced the earlier environment pollution control ordinance of 1992 and has been promulgated in Environmental Conservation Rules, 1997 (ECR’97). This Act is amended in 2000, 2002 and 2010. The main objectives of ECA’95 are: i) conservation of the natural environment and improvement of environmental standards; and ii) control and mitigation of environmental pollution. Department of Environment (DoE) implements the Act. DoE is under the Ministry of Environment and Forest and is headed by a Director General (DG). The Act states that before beginning new development project, the project proponent must obtain Environmental Clearance from DoE. The procedures to obtain such clearance are in place. Failure to comply with any part of ECA'95 may result in punishment by a maximum of 10 years imprisonment or a maximum fine of BDT. 1000,000 or both. 2.1.3. Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 The Environment Conservation Rules, ECR 1997, provide a first set of rules under the Environment Conservation Act 1995, further amended in 2002 and 2010. These provide, amongst others items, standards and guidelines for:  Categorization of industries and development projects  Procedure for obtaining environmental clearance  Environmental quality standards in relation to water pollution, air pollution and noise, as well as permitted discharge/emission levels of water and air pollutants and noise by projects The Rules incorporate "inclusion lists" of projects requiring varying degrees of environmental investigation. The Government is also empowered to specify which activities are permissible and which restricted in the ecologically critical area. Under this mandate, MoEF has declared Sunderban, Cox's Bazar-Tekhnaf Sea Shore, Saint Martin Island, Sonadia Island, HakalukiHaor, TanguarHaor, MarzatBaor and Gulshan-Baridhara Lake as ecologically critical areas and accordingly has prohibited certain activities in those areas. Four rivers respectively Buriganga, Balu, Turag and Dhaleshwari of surrounding Dhaka city have also declared as ecologically critical area. Environmental Conservation Rules (1997) classifies industrial units and development projects into four categories for the purpose of issuance of Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC). These categories are: (i) Green (ii) Orange-A (iii) Orange-B and (iv) Red. Green Category projects are considered relatively pollution-free and hence do not require initial environmental examination (IEE) and EIA. An environment clearance certificate 4 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh (ECC) from the Department of Environment (DoE) is adequate. Orange Category projects fall into two categories. Orange A projects are required to submit general information, a feasibility report, a process flow diagram and schematic diagrams of waste treatment facilities along with their application for obtaining DoE environmental clearance. Orange B projects are required to submit an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report, along with their application and the information and papers specified for Orange B projects. Red Category projects are those which may cause ‘significant adverse’ environmental impacts and are, therefore, required to submit an EIA report. It should be noted that they may obtain an initial site clearance on the basis of an IEE report, and subsequently submit an EIA report for obtaining environmental clearance along with other necessary papers, such as feasibility study reports and no objections from local authorities. As per ECR ’97 all existing industries and projects in Orange B and Red category require an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be prepared and submitted along with other necessary papers while applying for environmental clearance. 2.1.4. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 The Government of Bangladesh prepared the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2008 and revised in 2009. This is a comprehensive strategy to address climate change challenges in Bangladesh. It is built around the following six themes:  Food security, social protection and health to ensure that the poorest and most vulnerable in society, including women and children, are protected from climate change. All programs focus on the needs of this group for food security, safe housing, employment and access to basic services, including health.  Comprehensive disaster management to further strengthen the country’s already proven disaster management systems to deal with increasingly frequent and severe natural calamities.  Infrastructure to ensure that existing assets (e.g., coastal and river embankments) are well maintained and fit for purpose and that urgently needed infrastructures (cyclone shelters and urban drainage) is put in place to deal with the likely impacts of climate change.  Research and Knowledge management to predict that the likely scale and timing of climate change impacts on different sectors of economy and socioeconomic groups; to underpin future investment strategies; and to ensure that Bangladesh is networked into the latest global thinking on climate change. Mitigation and low carbon development to evolve low carbon development options and implement these as the country’s economy grows over the coming decades. Capacity building and Institutional strengthening to enhance the capacity government ministries, civil society and private sector to meet the challenge of climate change. 5 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 2.1.5. National Environment Action Plan, 1992 The National Environment Action Plan recommended sector specific action plan to achieve the objectives and implement the policy recommendations of the National Environment Policy. The followings are sector relevant key recommended actions: Agriculture  Use of chemical insecticides and pesticides has to be regulated. Production, import and use of those chemical insecticides and pesticides, which have a long-term residue and keep on accumulating in the environment, have to be phased out gradually.  Proper and regulated use of chemical fertilizers will be ensured. Use of organic fertilizers will be increasingly emphasized.  Imported seeds, seedlings and plants will be properly quarantined to exercise necessary caution against probable adverse environmental impact.  Natural methods of pest control will be encouraged through ensuring protection and safety. Steps should be taken to establish an agricultural system based on local ecosystem, rate of population growth and demand of national economy. 2.1.6. National Water Policy, 1999 The National Water Policy was promulgated in 1999 with the intention of guiding both public and private actions to ensure optimal development and management of water in order to benefit both individuals and the society at large. The policy aims to ensure progress towards fulfilling national goals of economic development, poverty alleviation, food security, public health and safety, a decent standard of living for the people and protection of the natural environment. According to the policy, all agencies and departments entrusted with water resource management responsibilities (regulation, planning, construction, operation and maintenance) will have to enhance environmental amenities and ensure that environmental resources are protected and restored while executing their activities. Environmental needs and objectives will be treated equally with the resources management needs. The policy has several clauses related to the protection and conservation of the natural environment to ensure sustainable development. The strategy of the policy to conserve environment and resource can be summarized as:  Promoting modern eco-friendly technology and infrastructure for a safe and sustainable future;  Biodiversity conservation and sustainable land & water management;  Restricting the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes. 6 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 2.1.7. Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010 The 'Standing Orders on Disaster, 2010' is a substantial improvement over the previous edition (English 1999) New features introduced in this edition include, among others, the following: i) an outline of disaster management regulative framework, ii) an introduction of core groups for emergency response at various levels, iii) multi-agency disaster incident management system, iv) risk reduction roles and responsibilities for all committees and agencies, v) new outlines for local level plans, vi) revised storm warning signals, vii) a report on cyclone shelter design. Conceptually, this edition follows a comprehensive approach emphasizing risk reduction as well as emergency responses relating to all hazards and all sectors. The Standing Order is designed to enhance capacity at all tiers of government administrative and social structures for coping with and recovering from disasters. Provision of emergency water, food, sanitation and shelter space for livestock during such periods should also be considered for future construction of shelters. The Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) specifically focuses on community vulnerability and capacity development of the community to adapt disaster (cyclone, tidal surge, tsunami, earthquake, tornado, flood, water logging, salinity, high tide, cold wave) resistant features like disaster resistant agriculture and other livelihood options. The SOD also delineates the activity of different administration at pre, during and post disaster period. 2.1.8. National Integrated Pest Management Policy, 2002 The objective of the policy is to enable farmers to grow healthy crops in an increased manner and thereby increase their income on a sustainable basis while improving the environment and community health. Maintaining ecological balance is the first priority of the IPM policy. In order to reduce misuse of agro-chemicals that could easily lead to ecological disturbance threatening the sustainability of agricultural production, the policy suggests for the following measurers:  Efforts will be made to conserve and augment populations of bio-control agents in crop fields through the adoption of the principles and practices of IPM; and  Priorities will be given to the management of pests through the use of parasitoids, predators, insect pathogens, appropriate cultivation techniques, pest tolerant varieties, mechanical control measures, crop diversification, botanical products and bio- pesticides. 2.1.9. National Fisheries Policy, 1996 The National Fisheries Policy, 1996 recognizes that fish production has declined due to environmental imbalances, adverse environmental impact and improper implementation of fish culture and management programs. The policy suggests following actions: 7 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  To conserve fish habitats from damage, appropriate care should be taken during the implementation of all development activities such as flood control, irrigation and drainage projects, agriculture, industries, road and development projects.  Shrimp and fish culture will not be expanded to the areas which damage mangrove forest in the coastal region  Biodiversity will be maintained in all natural water bodies and in marine environment. Chemicals harmful to the environment will not be used in fish and shrimp farms  Breeding ground of fish and fresh water giant prawn will be conserved  Environment friendly shrimp culture technology will be used  Control measures will be taken against activities that have a negative impact on fisheries, resources and vice-versa  Laws will be formulated to ban the disposal of any untreated industrial effluents into the water bodies 2.1.10. National Adaption Program of Action (NAPA) In 2005, the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has prepared the National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) for Bangladesh, as a response to the decision of the Seventh Session of the Conference of the Parties (CoP7) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The basic approach to NAPA preparation was along with the sustainable development goals and objectives of the country where it has recognized necessity of addressing climate change and environmental issue and natural resource management. The NAPA is the beginning of a long journey to address adverse impacts of climate change including variability and extreme events and to promote sustainable development of the country. There are 15 adaptation strategies have been suggested for Bangladesh to address adverse effects of climate change. Among the 15 adaptation strategies the following strategies have taken for the coastal region for reducing climate change induced vulnerability.  Reduction of climate change hazards through coastal afforestation with community participation  Providing drinking water to coastal communities to combat enhanced salinity due to sea level rise  Construction of flood shelter, and information and assistance centre to cope with enhanced recurrent floods in major floodplains  Promotion of research on drought, flood and saline tolerant varieties of crops to facilitate adaptation in future  Promoting adaptation to coastal crop agriculture to combat increased salinity  Promoting adaptation to coastal fisheries through culture of salt tolerant fish special in coastal areas of Bangladesh 8 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 2.1.11. Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 The Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 provides the guidance of employer’s extent of responsibility and workmen’s extent of right to get compensation in case of injury by accident while working. Some of the relevant Sections are:  Section 150. Employer’s Liability for Compensation: (1) If personal injury is caused to a workman by accident arising out of and in the course of his employment, his employer shall be liable to pay compensation in accordance with the provisions of this Act; and (2) Provided that the employer shall not be so liable - (a) in respect of any injury which does not result in the total or partial disablement of the workman for a period exceeding three days; (b) in respect of any injury, not resulting in death or permanent total disablement, caused by an accident which is directly attributable to - (i) the workman having been at the time thereof under the influence of drink or drugs, or (ii) the willful disobedience of the workman to an order expressly given, or to a rule expressly framed, for the purpose of securing the safety of workmen, or (iii) the willful removal or disregard by the workman of any safety guard or other device which he knew to have been provided for the purpose of securing the safety of workmen.  Section 151. (1) Amount of Compensation: Subject to the provisions of this Act, the amount of compensation shall be as follows, namely :- (a) where death results an amount equal to fifty from the injury cent of the monthly wages of the deceased workman multiplied by the relevant factor; or an amount of fifty thousand rupees, whichever is more; (b) where permanent total an amount equal to disablement results from sixty the injury per cent of the monthly wages of the injured workman multiplied by the relevant. 2.1.12. Bangladesh National Building Code, 2006 2.1.12.a. Demolition of Structure BNBC sets guideline for demolition of structure. The highlights of the guideline are as follows:  At planning stage, detailed survey and study shall be carried out before demolishing the structure.  A written notice will be delivered to the adjoining property holder.  Required pedestrian precaution should be taken into account before commencing the demolition  All utility lines will be disconnected and the sequence of demolition will be maintained as mentioned in the BNBC  The owner will provide compensation for all damages and loss of life. 2.1.12.b. Occupational Health & Safety Bangladesh National Building Code-BNBC (Part-7, Chapter-1) clearly sets out the constructional responsibilities according to which the relevant authority of a particular construction site shall adopt some precautionary measures to ensure the safety of the 9 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh workmen. According to section 1.2.1 of chapter 1 of part 7, “In a construction or demolition work, the terms of contract between the owner and the contractor and between a consultant and the owner shall be clearly defined and make written document. These however will not absolve the owner from any of his responsibilities under the various provisions of this Code and other applicable regulations and bye-laws. The terms of contract between the owner and the contractor will determine the responsibilities and liabilities of either party in the concerned matters, within the provisions of the relevant Acts and Codes (e.g.) the Employers' Liability Act, 1938, the Factories Act 1965, the Fatal Accident Act, 1955 and Workmen's Compensation Act 1923”. (After the introduction of the Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, these Acts have been repealed). Section 1.4.1 of chapter-1, part-7 of the BNBC, states the general duties of the employer to the public as well as workers. According to this section, “All equipments and safeguards required for the construction work such as temporary stair, ladder, ramp, scaffold, hoist, run way, barricade, chute, lift etc shall be substantially constructed and erected so as not to create any unsafe situation for the workmen using them or the workmen and general public passing under, on or near them”. Part-7, Chapter-3 of the Code has clarified the issue of safety of workmen during construction and with relation to this, set out the details about the different safety tools of specified standard. In relation with the health hazards of the workers during construction, this chapter describes the nature of the different health hazards that normally occur in the site during construction and at the same time specifies the specific measures to be taken to prevent such health hazards. According to this chapter, exhaust ventilation, use of protective devices, medical checkups etc. are the measures to be taken by the particular employer to ensure a healthy workplace for the workers. To prevent workers falling from heights, the Code in section 3.7.1 to 3.7.6 of chapter 3 of part 7 sets out the detailed requirements on the formation and use of scaffolding. According to section 3.9.2 of the same chapter, “every temporary floor openings shall either have railing of at least 900 mm height or shall be constantly attended. Every floor hole shall be guarded by either a railing with toe board or a hinged cover. Alternatively, the hole may be constantly attended or protected by a removable railing. Every stairway floor opening shall be guarded by railing at least 900 mm high on the exposed sides except at entrance to stairway. Every ladder way floor opening or platform shall be guarded by a guard railing with toe board except at entrance to opening. Every open sided floor or platform 1.2 meters or more above adjacent ground level shall be guarded by a railing on all open sides except where there is entrance to ramp, stairway or fixed ladder the above precautions shall also be taken near the open edges of the floors and the roofs”. The major challenge is the proper implementation of the Code as section 2.1 of chapter 2 of part 1 duly states that, “The Government shall establish a new or designate an existing agency responsible for the enforcement of this Code with a given area of jurisdiction. For the purpose of administering and enforcing the provisions of the Code, the enforcing agency shall have the authority of the Government and shall herein be referred to as the Authority.” 10 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Part 9, 1.2.1 states that if the land is changed and the occupants of the area are against the change, no change in use of an existing building will be allowed. 2.1.13. National Agricultural Policy, 2010 The overall objective of the National Agriculture Policy is to make the nation self-sufficient in food through increasing production of all crops including cereals and ensure a dependable food security system for all. One of the specific objectives of National Agricultural Policy is to take necessary steps to ensure environmental protection as well as ‘environment-friendly sustainable agriculture’ through increased use of organic manure and strengthening of the integrated pest management program. The policy identifies that the available technologies for agricultural production is not sufficient to cope with the unfavorable environment (climate change, flood, drought, storm, salinity, pest and diseases, river erosion). The policy also suggests creating awareness so that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used for increased crop production do not turn out to be responsible for environmental pollution. Water logging and salinity are identified as one of the serious problem in some parts of the country including the coastal areas for agricultural activities and environmental damage. The policy recommends for crop rotation and salt tolerant crop varieties. 2.1.14. National Food Policy, 2006 The goal of the food policy is to ensure a dependable food security system for all people of the country at all times. The objectives of the food policy are: Objective-1: to ensure adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food; Objective-2: to enhance purchasing power of the people for increased food accessibility; and Objective-3: to ensure adequate nutrition for all (especially women and children). Policy 1.2.2.1 of National Food Policy, 2006 states the Development of private sector food grain storage and movement system. The storage facilities presently available in the private sector are not suitable for long-term storage of grain and other food commodities. For this, construction of warehouses of scientific standard specifications is necessary. The government policy should be to encourage the process by amending and simplifying banking regulations on credit facilities to private sector entrepreneurs for construction of appropriate commodity specific warehouses, cold storages and acquiring transportation vehicles for freightage. To promote development of storage and movement system of food commodities in the private sector, the Government will:  allow unrestricted movement of foodstuff in the country; and  ensure credit facilities to develop storage structures in appropriate places. Under the Public food grain stock (Policy 1.3.2) the stated major objective of the public food distribution system is to supply required quantity of grain to the food-assisted development and income transfer programs for the poor, who are unable to purchase minimum required quantity of food from the market at prevailing market prices. In addition to maintaining working stock of food grains to operate various food-based safety net programs, the 11 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Government also maintains a security reserve to cope for emergency needs during disasters. In order to handle uncertainties of import arrival and emergency off take requirements, the Government has decided to maintain a public stock of 1.0 million tons of food grains. Policy 2.1 Transitory shock management highlights on emergency preparedness. Emergency preparedness is needed to alleviate the transitory food insecurity caused by floods, cyclones and other natural disasters that often occur in Bangladesh. Emergency relief programs are operated to mitigate the distress of the affected people. To satisfy the emergency distribution needs public food grain stocks equal to three months of emergency demand along with a relief system to distribute food, clean water, medicines and other essentials are being maintained. In addition, the required level of minimum public food grain stocks should be reviewed annually considering the changing situations in domestic and global markets coupled with disaster proneness. According to 2.1.2, Emergency distribution from public stock, to provide for the emergency food needs of households in the disaster-affected areas, the policy of the Government is to:  ensure quick distribution of food in affected households in times of disaster;  hold enough food grain stocks to cover at least three months of emergency distribution need in addition to its normal working stock needed for the regular food-based programs; Strategy 3.5: Safe, quality food supply focuses on ensuring the quality of food at all levels of marketing (e.g. assembling, cleaning, sorting, processing and packaging). The following programs will be undertaken to ensure supply of safe and quality food through formulating new regulations by proper amendments of the existing ones and through encouraging the private sector initiatives:  formulation of uniform arrangement, development of testing techniques, setting of standards and their application and compulsory enforcement;  investment in development of packing or packaging and safe storage facilities;  increase laboratory facilities and impart practical knowledge for development of the quality of food and food products;  training for concerned officials and institutions in protecting the grades and standards of food products;  campaign for nutrition enhancing quality and safe food; and  develop and enforce appropriate regulatory mechanism to control indiscriminate use of harmful additives, preservatives and toxic elements in production and in the marketing chain for foodstuffs 2.1.15. National Food Policy Plan of Action, 2008-2015 The National Food Policy Plan of Action (PoA) translated the provisions of the National Food Policy, 2006 towards achieving its three core objectives into 26 strategic area of 12 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh intervention, priority actions to be undertaken in the short, medium and long term over the period 2008-2015. The policy mentioned that strengthened efforts to raise productivity and efficiency in food grain production, to support agricultural commercialization and diversification, in due consideration of environmental impacts (agricultural conservation), will be paramount. Actions are needed on many fronts, including agricultural technology development, input (seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and machinery) supply and access expansion, and, critically, rural financing, which currently stands far below rural producers’ needs, especially those of small and marginal farmers. In line with MDG7 (Ensure environmental sustainability), environmental sustainability has been effectively mainstreamed into the NFP agricultural policy agenda for enhancing food supply and also biodiversity. 2.1.16. Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP), 2011 The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan provides a coherent set of priority investment programs to improve food security and nutrition in an integrated way. It is a comprehensive plan, builds on the existing framework, reflects the Government’s investment priorities and aims to: (i) plan and invest resources in a coordinated way; (ii) increase convergence and alignment of budget and external sources of funding, and; (iii) to mobilize additional resources. Proposed investments relate to strengthening physical, institutional and human capacities in the field of agriculture, water management, fisheries, livestock, agricultural marketing, food management, safety nets, and nutrition and food safety. 2.2. World Bank’s Environmental Safeguard Policies The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. Safeguard policies provide a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and act as an important instrument for building ownership among local populations. The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programs supported by the Bank has substantially increased as a result of attention to these policies. The World Bank has ten environmental, social, and legal safeguard policies. The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. This policy is considered to be the umbrella policy for the Bank's environmental "safeguard policies" which among others include: Natural Habitats (OP 4.04), Forests (OP 4.36), Pest Management (OP 4.09), Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11), and Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). Operational Policies (OP) are the statement of policy objectives and operational principles including the roles and obligations of the Borrower and the Bank, whereas Bank Procedures (BP) is the mandatory procedures to be followed by the Borrower and the Bank. The complete list of policies is given below and the Environment and Social policies are discussed. Environmental Policies  OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment 13 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats  OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management  OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources  OP/BP 4.36 Forests  OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams Social Policies  OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples  OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Legal Policies  OP/BP 7.50 International Waterways  OP/BP 7.60 Disputed Areas In addition to the 10 safeguard policies, BP 17.5 exists as the Bank Disclosure Policy, which also relates to safeguards. Bank disclosure Policy supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. The policy requires disclosure in both English and Local language before project appraisal and must meet the World Bank standards. 2.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Environmental Assessment is the umbrella safeguard policy to identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental and social impacts associated with Bank lending operations. In World Bank operations, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted. EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, sitting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples and physical cultural resources); and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA and the Bank advises the borrower on the Bank's EA requirements. 14 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh The Bank classifies the proposed project into three major categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Category A: The proposed project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. Category B: The proposed project’s potential adverse environmental impacts on human population or environmentally important areas-including wetlands, forests, grasslands, or other natural habitats- are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than Category A projects. Category C: The proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. 2.2.2 OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats The conservation of natural habitats is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions in its economic and sector work, project financing, and policy dialogue. The Bank supports, and expects borrowers to apply, a precautionary approach to natural resource management to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. 2.2.3 OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management To manage pests that affect either agriculture or public health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. In Bank- financed projects, the borrower addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessment. In appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank assesses the capacity of the country's regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. As necessary, the Bank and the borrower incorporate in the project components to strengthen such capacity. The Bank uses various means to assess pest management in the country and support integrated pest management and the safe use of agricultural pesticides: economic and sector work, sectoral or project-specific environmental assessments, participatory IPM assessments, and investment projects and components aimed specifically at supporting the adoption and use of IPM. In Bank-financed agriculture operations, pest populations are normally controlled through IPM approaches, such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest. The procurement of any pesticide in a Bank-financed project is contingent on an assessment of the nature and degree of associated risks, taking into account the proposed use and the intended user. With respect to the classification of pesticides and their specific formulations, the Bank refers to the World 15 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Health Organization's Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO 1994-95). 2.2.4 OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources Physical cultural resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Physical cultural resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people's cultural identity and practices. The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it finances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower's national legislation, or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The borrower addresses impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank financing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. 2.2.5 OP/BP 4.36 Forests Forest is defined as an area of land of not less than 1.0 hectare with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 percent that have trees with the potential to reach a minimum height of 2 meters at maturity in situ. A forest may consist of either closed forest formations, where trees of various stories and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground, or open forest. The definition includes forests dedicated to forest production, protection, multiple uses, or conservation, whether formally recognized or not. The definition excludes areas where other land uses not dependent on tree cover predominate, such as agriculture, grazing or settlements. In countries with low forest cover, the definition may be expanded to include areas covered by trees that fall below the 10 percent threshold for canopy density, but are considered forest under local conditions. The Bank's forests policy aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourage economic development. The Bank assists borrowers with the establishment and sustainable management of environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable forest plantations to help meet growing demands for forest goods and services. 2.3 Environment, Health & Safety Guidelines The Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities or project by existing technology at reasonable costs. These Guidelines will be applicable to the Project particularly with respect to air emissions, ambient air and noise quality standards, waste water quality, hazardous material and waste management, and occupational and community health and safety management. They contain performance levels and measures that are considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs using existing technologies. Table 2.1 shows the EHS guidelines of World Bank. 16 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 2.1: EHS Guidelines of World Bank Environmental Health The Environment, Health, and These Guidelines will be and Safety Guidelines Safety (EHS) Guidelines contain the applicable to the Project performance levels and measures particularly with respect to that are generally considered to be air emissions, ambient air achievable in new facilities or and noise quality project by existing technology at standards, waste water reasonable costs. quality, hazardous material and waste management, and occupational and community health and safety management. Environmental, Health, The Environmental, Health, and Relevant as the project and Safety Guidelines Safety (EHS) Guidelines are includes provision of PORTS, HARBORS, technical reference documents with improved navigation routes and TERMINALS general and industry-specific and terminal facilities. MP examples of Good International section of the ESIA report Industry Practice (GIIP). When one has been dedicated to or more members of the World Bank mitigate adverse impact Group are involved in a project, due to the proposed these EHS Guidelines are applied as intervention. required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the General EHS Guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. The EHS Guidelines for Ports, Harbors, and Terminals are applicable to commercial ports, harbors, and terminals for cargo and passengers transfer. Shipping (including repair and maintenance of ships), fuel terminals, or railways are addressed in separate industry sector EHS Guidelines, specifically the EHS Guidelines for Shipping, Crude Oil and Petroleum Product 17 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Storage, Railways, respectively. The EHS Guidelines for The EHS Guidelines for Shipping Broadly applicable as the Shipping include information relevant to the project provides improved operation and maintenance of ships navigation routes and used for the transport of bulk cargo, terminal facilities. The and goods. Cargo handling, vessel EMP is prepared to address maintenance, and other in-port mitigation measures due to activities are covered under the EHS proposed interventions. Guidelines for Ports and Harbors while issues specific to the transfer and storage of bulk fuels are covered in the EHS Guidelines for Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Terminals. 2.4 Social Policies & Legislation of Bangladesh 2.4.1 General Description Infrastructure development projects using lands in Bangladesh is designed and implemented under the legislative and regulatory framework to compensate the affected persons due to land acquisition using the power of eminent domain. Whenever it appears to the Government that any property in any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose or in the public interest, the property is acquired using power of eminent domain. Land acquisition is governed by the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 (Ordinance II of 1982). The ordinance supersedes earlier laws including the Land Acquisition Law of 1894 and others that have been in force between 1947 and 1982. In addition to the Ordinance, acquisition of any land or forest area, in Chittagong Hill-Tracts (CHT) districts require consent under the Chittagong Hill-Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation 1958, the CHT Regional Council Act 1998 and the Forest Act (1927). There is no national policy in Bangladesh governing social effects of infrastructure development projects on the project area communities. However, the Constitution of Bangladesh and the national development strategy (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2005-2009) provides some rights to the affected persons, communities and groups those are not upheld in the Ordinance II of 1982, the instrument followed for land acquisition. The active instruments under the legislative and regulatory framework in Bangladesh are discussed hereunder. 2.4.2 Constitution of Bangladesh The fundamental rights under the Constitution indicate the general guidelines for a policy on resettlement/rehabilitation of citizens adversely affected (whatever be the mechanism) due to any activity of the State. Article 40 of the constitution states categorically that every citizen has the right to practice any lawful occupation which implies that anything that impedes such right (a) should not be done or (b) there should be supplementary measures to make good the losses incurred by the citizen. Resettlement and rehabilitation of adversely affected people 18 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh due to infrastructure projects very clearly falls within this requirement for supplementary measures. However, as per Article 42, sub-clause 2, no law with provision of compensation for acquisition of land can be challenged in a court on the ground that such compensation has been inadequate. 2.4.3 The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 This Ordinance is the basic instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh. It is restricted to “legal” owners of property as supported by records of ownership such as deeds, title or agreements to compensating for land as well as any business, structure, trees and crops on the land. The owners of acquired land receive cash compensation at market value with a premium of 50 per cent on the assessed price. The law specifies methods for calculation of market value of property based on recorded prices obtained from relevant Government departments such as Registrar (land), Public Works Department (structures), Department of Forest (trees), Department of Agriculture (crops) and Department of Fisheries (fish stock). The Ministry of Land (MOL) is authorized to deal with land acquisition. The MOL delegates some of its authority to the Commissioner at Divisional level and to the Deputy Commissioner at the District level. The Deputy Commissioners (DCs) are empowered by the MOL to process land acquisition under the Ordinance and pay compensation to the legal owners of the acquired property. Khas (government owned land) lands should be acquired first when a project requires both khas and private land. If a project requires only khas land, the land will be transferred through an inter-ministerial meeting following the acquisition proposal submitted to DC or MOL as the case may be. The DC is empowered to acquire a maximum of 50 standard bigha (6.75 ha) of land without any litigation where the Divisional Commissioner is involved for approval. Acquisition of land more than 50 standard bigha is approved from the central land allocation committee (CLAC) headed by the chief executive of the Government of Bangladesh proposed by the MOL. The land owner needs to establish ownership by producing record-of-rights in order to be eligible for compensation under the law. The record of rights prepared under Section 143 or 144 of the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950 (revised 1994) are not always updated and as a result legal land owners have faced difficulties trying to “prove” ownership. The affected person (AP) has also to produce rent receipt or receipt of land development tax, but this does not assist in some situations as a person is exempted from payment of rent if the area of land is less than 25 bighas (3.37 ha). 2.4.4 The East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950 (Revised, 1994) The State Acquisition and Tenancy Act (Sections 86 & 87) also define the ownership and use right of alluvion (payosti or reformation in situ or original site) and diluvion land (nadisikosti) in the country. In legal terms, eroded lands (sikosti) inside the alluvion-diluvion (AD) line (i.e. including submerged land or underwater land) are considered khas land once declared by concerned Deputy Commissioner (DC) demarcating the AD Line. However, the 19 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh "original" owner(s) can claim the land if it reappears through natural process within 30 years. The original private owners cannot claim any eroded land if developed by the government through land filling for use in public purpose. 2.4.5 Constitutional Right of the Tribal Peoples Rights In the context of People’s Republic of Bangladesh, the Constitution of Bangladesh does not mention the existence of the cultural and ethnic minorities in Bangladesh. The only protective provision for the ethnic minorities that the policy makers often refer to in the context is Article 28 (4) which states that: Nothing shall prevent the state from making special provision in favour of women and children or for the advancement of any backward section of the citizens. The above provision is an ambiguous one and it does not define who or what constitutes "backward". However, the Government recognizes existence of “tribal peoples” and the need for special attention and in general tribal people are essentially viewed as backward, poor and socio-economically & culturally inferior. Towards this end a special program was initiated in 1996-97 by the Prime Minister’s Secretariat aimed at improving the socio-economic situation of the indigenous people of Bangladesh, resident outside the Chittagong Hill Tracts. 2.4.6 The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1990 The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1900 (Regulation I of 1900) is the regulatory framework for State sovereignty over the traditional rights of the tribal peoples living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) region.4 They are governed through Revenue Circle Chiefs5 who are local revenue collectors vide an amalnama (authorization by the Government). The Deputy Commissioner and the Commissioner from the Central Government reserve the authority to settle land to the hill-men or non-hill residents or lease out land (non- transferable) for rubber plantation or establishing industries in the CHTs. The regulation provides the right to possessing plough cultivable land up to 5 acres by hill men or non-hill residents. The headman is responsible for the conservation of the resources of his mouza through exercising his authority to (i) prohibit the removal of forest produces by residents of respective mouzas other than for their domestic purposes or by non-residents for any purpose, (ii) exclude any area or areas in his mouzas from the jhuming (shifting cultivation), (iii) prevent new comers from cutting jhums in his mouza, and (iv) prevent a person from grazing cattle in his mouza. 2.4.7 The Chittagong Hill Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation, 1958 The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region has been enjoying the status of a special region since British period. Most of the land in CHT belongs to the Government either as reserve forest or as unclassified state forest. The CHT Regulation I of 1900 was the sole legal instrument for the governance and administration of the Hill Tracts. Under the regulation, the DC could resume land even though settlement of the same might have been given earlier. The rule prescribed payment of compensation for various interests as in the case of land acquisition. It was expedient to provide for the acquisition of land in CHT the Government made the Chittagong Hill-Tracts (Land Acquisition) Regulation, 1958. This regulation has provision for payment of 20 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh compensation for requisitioned property. The compensation may be fixed by agreement or by rules framed on this behalf. 2.4.8 The CHT Regional Council Act, 1998 The National Parliament of Bangladesh in 24 May 1998 passed the Peach Accord 1997 as the “Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council Act, 1998 (Act 12 of 1998). In addition to re- establishing peace, the Accord recognized the ethnic people’s right to land, culture, language, and religion. The Accord set out detailed provisions for strengthening the system of self- governance in the CHT, and redressing the most urgent land-related problems including resolution of land disputes by a commission on land, the transfer of authority for land administration to the hill district councils (HDCs), the cancellation of lease granted to non- residents during the conflict period, the distribution of land to ethnic or “tribal” villages, and the strengthening of customary land rights. Within the meaning of the Act 12 of 1998, no lands, hills and forests within the control and jurisdiction of the HDCs shall be acquired or transferred by the government without consultation and consent of the Regional Council. No law will be executed in the region which is not developed and enacted in consultation and agreement with the tribal peoples in CHT. A ministry on CHT Affairs was established by appointing a Minister from among the tribal communities of hill districts. An Advisory Council from the CHT region assists this ministry. However, there is a demand for extending the scope of the CHT Affairs Ministry to include the tribal peoples in other areas of the country. 2.4.9 Ethnic Minority Rights in PRSP, 2005 Relevant strategic suggestions in the PRSP 2005 to preserve the cultural, social and economic identity and interests of the ethnic populations in and outside CHT are as follows:  Effective recognition of ethnic minority communities and their specific needs in all relevant government policies and programs towards improving the socio-economic conditions of these communities.  Proper actions for protecting the rights of ethnic minority people, particularly their rights to land and forests.  Transfer of land administration in CHT to the hill districts councils in accordance with the ‘Hill District Councils Acts of 1989’.  Provide education to ethnic minority people with a curriculum that allows learning in their own language at the primary level.  Strengthen their competence in job markets through affirmative action's at higher levels of education and skill training to promote their inclusion in mainstream economic life.  Scale-up efforts to provide health care, clean water and sanitation facilities to ethnic minority areas in general and to the more disadvantaged groups among them in particular. 21 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  Increase and utilize property the fund available in the Prime Minister’s office for the development of the ethnic minority people of the plane lands.  Provide wider access to electrification and telecommunications for ethnic minority communities, particularly in the Hill Tracts. 2.4.10 GOB Laws and Land Acquisition The principle legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh is the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982(Ordinance II of 1982 with amendments up to 1994) and other land laws and administrative manuals relevant to land administration in Bangladesh. According to the Ordinance, whenever it appears to the Government of Bangladesh that any property in any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose or in the public interest, the Government can acquire the land provided that no property used by the public for the purpose of religious worship, graveyard and cremation ground. The 1982 Ordinance requires that compensation be paid for (i) land and assets permanently acquired (including standing crops, trees, houses); and (ii) any other damages caused by such acquisition. The Deputy Commissioner (DC) determines (a) market value of acquired assets on the date of notice of acquisition (based on the registered value of similar property bought and/or sold in the area over the preceding 12 months), and (b) 50% premium on the assessed value (other than crops) due to compulsory acquisition. The 1994 amendment made provisions for payment of crop compensation to tenant cultivators. Given that people devalue land during title transfer to minimize tax payment, compensation for land paid by DC including premium largely remains less than the actual market price. 2.5 World’s Bank Social Safeguard Policy 2.5.1 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) The WB’s experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate these impoverishment risks. The overall objectives of the Policy are given below.  Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs.  Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. 22 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. 2.5.2 Indigenous People (OP 4.10) For purposes of this policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees:7 The tribal peoples living in the Chittagong Hill Tract districts and some scattered in the plain districts as well are indigenous peoples as per their cultural distinction. The OP defines the process to be followed if the project affects the tribal people. The tribal peoples are indigenous as they have  self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others;  collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories;  customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and  an indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country or region. 2.6 Implication of National Policies and Legislations on this Project The Categorization list mentioned in ECR’97 is performed based on the activity. There is no direct mention of the category for Modern Food Grain Silo in ECR’97. However, cold storage is categorized as “Orange B” under ECR’97. Therefore the project is considered as “Orange B”. The project is aimed to construct modern food grain which will involve demolishing of existing structure and construction of silo during the construction period DG Food is responsible for carrying out Initial Environmental Examination, developing Environmental Management Plan and obtaining No Objection Certificate, site clearance and environmental clearance certificate. 2.7 Implication of Environmental Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project The project has been considered as a Category B project, due to the risk associated with the extent of foundation construction, construction of super structure from prefabricated steel sheet, knocking down of existing godowns, environmental and occupation health and safety during project operation. The Project has triggered only one environmental safeguard policy for environmental assessment (OP/BP 4.01). The Silo will introduce modern cooling facilities which will reduce the existence of rodents and insecticides. Chiller system may be used during the operation phase of the Silo for temperature control and Nitrogen gas for 23 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh disinfection. Nitrogen gas (in between emptying and uploading the bins) may cause some breathing irritation to the workers. The workers shall use mask during use of nitrogen gas for disinfection. As per Bank requirement, the borrower needs to consult project-affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations about the project's environmental aspects and takes their views into account. The borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. In addition, the borrower consults with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EA-related issues that affect them. 2.8 Implication of Social Safeguard Policies of WB on the Project The legislatives and regulatory framework is not adequate to deal with the adverse impacts associated with land acquisition and involuntary displacement of peoples for project purpose. The law does not cover project-affected persons without title and does not ensure replacement value of the property acquired. The law does not initiate any measure for restoration of livelihoods of the affected persons. As a result, land acquisition potentially diminishes productive base of affected farm families which is against the spirit of the Bank policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12). Specific to the project, no land will need to be acquired and no resettlement will need to be carried out in the first phase construction. However, in subsequent construction phase(s), the government may like to acquire private land and/or public land from private uses. The acts therefore, trigger the Bank OP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement. No tribal people are existent in and around the sites reviewed for the project. Therefore the Bank OP 4.10 is not triggered to the project. However, if such groups are identified during the detailed engineering design, the proponents will select to drop the site from construction. 24 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1. Location of the Project Mymensingh, one of the oldest districts of Bangladesh and is located in the central north part of the country. The proposed sub-project is, within the Mymensingh CSD Campus which is by the side of Mymensingh-Muktagachha-Tangail highway. Mymensingh is bounded by the Garo Hills and Meghalaya State of India in the north, Gazipur District in the south, Netrakona and Kishorganj District in the east and Sherpur, Jamalpur and Tangail District in the west. The river Brahmaputra flows by the eastern side of the Mymensingh city. The Mymensingh CSD site is situated at about 5 Km from the main town. The location of the site is at the coordinate of N24°46΄39΄΄ and E90°21΄48΄΄. The location of Mymensingh CSD campus along with silo site is shown in Figure 3.1 in google earth image. The figure 3.2 shows the location map of Mymensingh silo site in GIS. 25 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 26 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 3.2: Location of Mymensingh Silo Site 27 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 3.2. Description of Initial Works Total project works has been considered in two phases. In the first phase, the sub-project preparation works like; site development by earth filling, office building etc. has been done. In the second phase; main construction works like 16 nos. flat bottoms prefabricated steel silo bins and silo related ancillary works as well as interventions will be constructed/ installed. Design and estimates of the silo bins and ancillary works has been completed and awaiting for the engagement of contractors of the construction works. A preliminary layout plan is given in Figure 3.3.The following interventions will be constructed under Mymensingh sub- project. 1. Gate 2. Guard room and gate 4.4x6m. 3. Truck scale 4. Sampling house 5. Laboratory house + weight control 15.6x6m. 6. Truck parking 7. Bulk truck receiving 26x16m. 8. Control room 9x10 m. 9. Bulk elevator tower 8.9x6 m. 10. 16 steel silos 11. Surges bin tower 12. Bulk house12x15m. 13. Bagging house 30x18m. 14. Empty gunny bag godown 7.5x24m. 15. Workshop cum store 12.6x15.4m. 16. Sub-station17x10m. 17. Inspection bungalow 18. Silo office 19. Car parking 20. Public toilet for drivers and other 4.8x7.8m. 21. Canteen 22. Fence 23. 4 storied dormitory for support staff 24. 3 storied officers dormitory 25. Fortified rice bags receiving 6x18m. 28 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 3.3: Layout Plan of Mymensingh Silo Site 29 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 3.3. Existing Structure Mymensingh CSD campus is with 21.00 acres of land out of which about 6.00 acre land is vacant inside the boundary wall. The area has already been developed, in the preliminary stage of development works and the whole 6.00 acres land is now ready to construct silo bins and ancillary works. There are 54 Godowns of different types and sizes, with total capacity of 32560 MT, type, size and capacity distribution are as follows:  Dhaka type godown : 24 nos. 500 MT capacity each i.e. total capacity 12000 MT  Kolkata type godown : 8 nos. 750 MT capacity each i.e. total capacity 6000 MT  Danish type godown : 6 nos. 500 MT capacity each i.e. total capacity 3000 MT  Salt Godown : 4 nos. 640 MT capacity each i.e. total capacity 2560 MT  Japan type : 4 nos. @ 1000 MT capacity each i.e. total capacity 4000 MT  New Godown : 2 nos. @ 1000 MT capacity each i.e. total capacity 2000 MT  New Godown : 6 nos. @ 500 M capacity each i.e. total capacity 3000 MT. There are also an Office building, Manager/ Assistant Manager’s Quarters, Watchmen Quarters, Mosque etc. The proposed silo site is shown in Figure 3.4. Figure 3.4: Proposed Silo Site 30 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 3.1: Summary of the existing and proposed Structures of Mymensingh Silo Area Description Existing Proposed Mymensingh CSD 21.00 acres Surrounded by a wall in all sides. Area Covered with go- About 15.00 acres Excluding the open area. downs Open Area About 6.00 acres The area has already been developed in the preparatory stage of MFSP. Contiguous area Very minimum The area is within the boundary wall Existing Structures Total Godowns 54 nos. 16nos of silo bins will be newly constructed. Storage Capacity 32560 MT, total It is possible to store at least 48000 MT capacity, but there are food grains within 16 nos. of silo bins. some unusable godowns. Useable capacity Existing godowns, Some unusable godowns (13 nos.) will with good condition, have to be demolished for the are with the capacity accommodation of all silo bins and of storing 27,560 MT ancillary works. Residential units Two Residential units Two more houses, office, dormitory, for management staff Ansar camp etc. will be constructed. and one dormitory. Other buildings Mosque, guard Separate guard room will be constructed rooms. for silo area. 3.4. Construction of Steel Silos There are sixteen nos. of steel silos will be constructed under this proposed project. Each silos capacity for storage is 3000 MT. There are lot of equipments will be used during silos operation like belt conveyor, bagging station, chain conveyor, chiller etc. The speed control time is 60 t/h. The total capacity of storage will be 48000 MT. A preliminary steel silos design is shown in Figure 3.5. 31 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 3.5: Preliminary design of steel silos 3.5. Implementation Schedule Sl. Year-1 (months) Year-2 Activities no. 1-4 5-8 9-12 1-4 5-8 9-12 Design, drawing, bid 1 documents tendering, contractor selection etc. Foundation works for 2 silos and ancillary works Superstructures and all 3 other ancillary works Post operation testing 4 and commissioning 32 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Climate Although less than half of Bangladesh lies within the tropics, the presence of the Himalaya mountain range has created a tropical macroclimate across most of the east Bengal land mass. Bangladesh can be divided into seven climatic zones (Rashid 1991). According to the classification, the project area is located in the South-central climatic zone (Figure 4.1). South-Central Zone: In this zone rainfall is abundant, being above 1,900 mm. The range of temperature is, as can be expected, much less than to the west, but somewhat more than in South-eastern zone. This is a transitory zone between the South-eastern, North-western and South-western zones and most of the severe hail storms, nor'westers and tornadoes are recorded in this area. Like other parts of the country, the project area is heavily influenced by the Asiatic monsoon, and it has these three distinct seasons:  Pre-monsoon hot season (from March to May),  Rainy monsoon season (from June to October), and  Cool dry winter season (from November to February). The pre-monsoon hot season is characterized by high temperatures and thunderstorms. April is the hottest month in the country with mean temperatures ranging from 27°C in the east and south, to 31°C in the west-central part of the country. After April, increasing cloud-cover reduces the temperature. Wind direction is variable during this season, especially during the early part. Rainfall, mostly caused by thunderstorms, at this time can account for 10 to 25 percent of the annual total. The rainy monsoon season is characterized by southerly or south-westerly winds, very high humidity, heavy rainfall and long periods of consecutive days of rainfall. The monsoon rain is caused by a tropical depression that enters the country from the Bay of Bengal. About 80% of the annual precipitation occurs during the five-month monsoon season from May to September. The cool dry season is characterized by low temperatures, cool air blowing from the west or northwest, clear skies and meager rainfall. The average temperature in January varies from 17°C in the northwest and north-eastern parts of the country to 20°C to 21°C in the coastal areas. Minimum temperatures in the extreme northwest in late December and early January reach between 3°C to 4°C. 33 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.1: Climatic Zones of Bangladesh 34 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.1.1. Temperature term average monthly temperature data (1987-2013) Long-term (198 2013) collected at Tangail weather station of Bangladesh Meteorological Department. The highest average recorded temperature in this weather station was 33.8 . The lowest average recorded temperature was 8°C in April. found in the month of January which was 11.3°C.°C. Both of the average monthly temperature graphs show that this area faces high temperature from March to June and lowest temperature during winter remains from December to February in the year. Average Monthly Maximum and Minimum (1987 Temperature in Tangail Station (1987-2013) 40 Temperature °C 30 20 10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Min. Temp. 11.3 14.3 18.9 22.7 24.0 25.7 26.1 26.2 25.7 23.4 18.3 13.4 Max. Temp. 23.8 27.5 31.7 33.8 33.4 32.8 32.0 32.1 32.1 31.7 29.4 25.7 Figure 4.2: Average Monthly Maximum & Minimum Temperature 4.1.1.2. Rainfall The rainfall data collected from nearest Meteorological Department's station, Tangail represents that maximumum rainfall occurs during June to September and the lowest rainfall occurs in November to February during winter season. Statistical data of 1987 to 2013 shows that Tangail station experiences almost 320 mm rainfall during monsoon. In the month of December and January of winter season around 10 mm rainfall occurred in the region of Tangail weather station. Figure 4.3: Average Monthly Total Rainfall in Tangail Station 35 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.1.3. Humidity Humidity remains high in summer and comparatively low in winter season. The statistical data of humidity from 1987 to 2013 indicates that humidity in the above area maximized in June to September in the year which ranges from 83% to 85%. On the other hand, humidity falls around 70% in February, March and April during the winter season in the Tangail station area (Figure 4.4). Average Monthly Relative Humidity in Tangail Station (1987-2013) 100 Relative Humidity (%) 80 60 40 20 0 Ma Ma Au No Jan Feb Apr Jun Jul Sep Oct Dec r y g v Relative Humidity 80. 74. 69. 73. 79. 84. 85. 85. 85. 83. 80. 81. Figure 4.4: Average Monthly Relative Humidity in Tangail Station 4.1.1.4. Wind Speed The statistical wind speed data from 1987 to 2013 (Figure 4.5) shows that average wind speed remained maximum with 1.85 mps in June. The minimum wind speed was 0.68mps in the month of December in the area of Tangail weather station. Average Monthly Maximum WInd Speed in Tangail Station (1987-2013) Wind Speed (mps) 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Wind Speed (meter per 0.86 1 1.31 1.80 1.77 1.85 1.80 1.51 1.27 0.85 0.72 0.68 second) Figure 4.5: Average Monthly Maximum Wind Speed in Tangail Station 36 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.1.5. Sunshine The statistical sunshine data from 1987 to 2013 (Figure 4.6) shows that average sunshine remained maximum with 7.7 hours in March. The minimum sunshine was 4.13 hours in the month of July in the area of Tangail weather station. Once a crop is harvested, it may have to be stored for a period of time before it can be marketed or used as feed. The length of time crop can be safely stored will depend on the condition it was harvested and the type of storage facility being utilized. The sunshine is very much required for crop drying. Lower moisture content and lower temperature can be kept food in storage for longer periods of time.. This impact is related with the operation of silos. Figure 4.6: Average Monthly Sunshine in Tangail Station 4.1.1.6. Cloud Coverage ) shows that average cloud The statistical cloud coverage data from 1987 to 2013 (Figure 4.7) coverage remained maximum from 5 octas to 6octas during June to August. . The minimum octas in the month of December in the area of Tangail weather cloud coverage was 1.04octas station. Average Monthly Cloud Coverage (1987 (Octas) in Tangail Station (1987-2013) 8 Cloud Coverage (Octas) 6 4 2 0 Ja Fe M Ap M Ju Au Se Oc No De Jul n b ar r ay n g p t v c Cloud Coverage 1.2 1.3 1.9 3.1 4.5 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.2 3.3 1.6 1.0 Tangail Station Figure 4.7: Average Monthly Cloud Coverage in Tangail 37 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.2 Noise Level Excessive noise is a potential issue for both human and biological receivers and can potentially cause a range of negative issues, from mild annoyance and moderately elevated levels of aggression to significant disturbance of behavioral patterns and in severe cases temporary or permanent hearing loss. According to World Health Organization’s Guidelines for Community Noise (1999), daily sound pressure levels of 50 decibels (dB) or above can create discomfort amongst humans, while ongoing exposure to sound pressure levels over 85 dB is usually considered the critical level for temporary hearing damage. Figure 4.8 shows the Noise level measuring in the project area. Results of the noise level monitored along with details of the sampling locations have been showed in Table 4.1 (see Appendix C). The results show that time weighted average value of the sound monitored at inside and outside of the project area did not exceed the standard fixed for the respective areas. Figure 4.8: Noise Level Measuring in the Project Area 38 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 4.1: Noise Level measured in Oct'17 at Different Locations (primary source data) ID Sampling GPS Zone* Noise Level Bangladesh Remarks Location Location Day dB (A) Standard at Day dB (A)** NM-01 Project Site 24.77639°N Commercial 49.87 70 Good (South-East) Area 90.36311°E NM-02 Project Site 24.77718°N Commercial 46.58 70 Good (North-East) Area 90.36331°E NM-03 Project Site 24.77727°N Commercial 55.15 70 Good (North- Area 90.36267°E West) NM-04 Project Site 24.77652°N Commercial 45.83 70 Good (South- Area 90.36261°E West) Note: * According to Environmental Quality Standard 1997 and subsequent amendment in 2006. ** Bangladesh Standard for Noise Level (Noise Pollution (Control) Rules, 2006). The sound level standards for residential area are 55 dBA, for silent area 50 dBA and for commercial area 70 dBA at day time. The sound level standards for residential area are 45 dBA, for silent area 40 dBA and for commercial area 60 dBA at night time. Abbreviation: NM- Noise Measurement, dB- decibel 4.1.3 Physiography In the context of physiography, Bangladesh can be divided into three broad categories based on topography, physical features, and geological history (Brammer, 1996): 1. Floodplains 2. Terraces 3. Hills Within these 3 broad categories, a number of authors have further divided the land surface into a series of Physiographic Units based on a combination of topographical/landscape features, underlying geology and surface soils (Brammer, 1996, Rashid, 1991, Morgan and McIntyre, 1959). The most recent study was undertaken by the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) who further refined the previous classifications into 26 Physiographic Units (20 primary units and 6 sub-units) based on an assessment of more recent and detailed data (SRDI, 1997). The project area falls in the Jamuna (Young Brahmaputra) Floodplain physiographic unit (Figure 4.9) 39 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Jamuna (Young Brahmaputra) Floodplain an alternative name used for the mighty Brahmaputra river, because the Jamuna channel is comparatively new and this course must be clearly distinguished from that of the older one. Before 1787, the Brahmaputra's course swung east to follow the course of the present Old Brahmaputra. In that year, apparently, a severe flood had the effect of turning the course southward along the Jenai and Konai rivers to form the broad, braided Jamuna channel. The change in course seems to have been completed by 1830. Due to the upliftment of the two large Pleistocene blocks of the Barind and Madhupur, the zone of subsidence between them was turned in to a rift valley and became the new course of the Brahmaputra as the great Jamuna. Both the left and right banks of the river are included in this sub-region. The Brahmaputra-Jamuna floodplain again could be subdivided into the Bangali-Karotoa flood plain, the Jamuna-Dhaleshwari floodplain, and diyaras and chars. The right bank of the Jamuna was once a part of the Teesta floodplain, and now through the Bangali distributaries of the Jamuna is a part of the bigger floodplain. Several distributaries of the Jamuna flow through the left bank floodplain, of which the Dhaleshwari is by far the largest; this floodplain is sub-classed as the Jamuna-Dhaleshwari floodplain. The southern part of this sub-region was once a part of the Ganges floodplain. Along the Brahmaputra- Jamuna, as along the Ganges, there are many diyaras and chars. In fact, there are more of them along this channel than in any other river in Bangladesh. There is a continuous line of Chars from where this river enters Bangladesh to the offtake point of the Dhaleshwari. Both banks are punctuated by a profusion of diyaras. The soil and topography of chars and diyaras vary considerably. Some of the largest ones have point bars and swales. The elevation between the lowest and the highest points of these accretions may be as much as 5m. The difference between them and the higher levees on either bank can be up to 6m. Some of the ridges are shallowly flooded but most of the ridges and all the basins of this floodplain region are flooded more than 0.91m deep for about four months (mid-June to mid-October) during the monsoon. 40 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.9: Physiographic Units of Bangladesh 41 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.4 Topography Topography configuration of a land surface including its relief and contours, the distribution of mountains and valleys, the patterns of rivers, and all other features, natural and artificial, that produce the landscape. Although Bangladesh is a small country, it has considerable topographic diversity. It has three distinctive features: (i) a broad alluvial plain subject to frequent flooding, (ii) a slightly elevated relatively older plain, and (iii) a small hill region drained by flashy rivers. On the south, a highly irregular deltaic coastline of about 600 km fissured by many estuarine rivers and channels flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The alluvial plain is part of the larger plain of Bengal, which is sometimes called the Lower Gangetic Plain. Elevations of the plains are less than 10m above the sea level; elevation furthers decline to a near sea level in the coastal south. The general topography of the project area is relatively flat. The topography of the specific project location is 10.85 – 14.94 m a.m.s.l (Figure 4.10). 42 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.10: Topographic Map of project area 43 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.5 Geology Bangladesh is situated to the east of the Indian sub-continental plate. Nearly 85% of Bangladesh is underlain by deltaic and alluvial deposits of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna river systems. The Hinge Zone is a narrow strip of about 25 km wide complex flexure zone, which separates the Bengal Foredeep from the shelf zone. It trends approximately N 30' E along the Calcutta-Pabna-Mymensingh gravity high and extends upto the western tip of Dauki fault. This zone is characterized by the sharp change in the dip of the basement rocks associated with deep-seated displacements in faults and is reflected on the gravity and magnetic anomalies. The Eocene limestone dips at about 20 in this zone as compared to 2-3 in the shelf zone. The seismic interpretation shows that the depth of the Sylhet Limestone - a strong seismic reflector - increases from 4000m to 9000m within a narrow zone of 25-km. During the subsurface interpretation of the south-eastern part of the West Bengal in India, a zone of flexure in the top of the Sylhet limestone was recognized which is the extension of the Hinge Zone in India. Hinge Zone is connected with Bengal Foredeep by deep basement faults that probably started with the breakup of Gondwanaland. Since then they have been repeatedly reactivated. In the northeast of Bangladesh the Hinge Zone turns to the east and seems to be connected with the Dauki Fault, probably by a series of east-west trending faults. [ASM Woobaidullah] Bengal Foredeep occupies the vast area between Hinge Line and ArakanYoma Folded System and plays the most important role in the tectonic history of Bengal Basin. Tectonically, Bengal Foredeep can be divided into two major regions- (a) Western Platform Flank and (b) Eastern Folded Flank. The Western Platform flank is further subdivided into (a) Faridpur Trough (b) Barisal-Chandpur High (c) Hatiya Trough (d) Madhupur High and (e) Sylhet Trough. Sylhet Trough situated on the southern side of the Shillong Massif and corresponds to the vast low lands of Surma Valley with numerous swamps (haors) where absolute elevation marks even below the sea level. It is a sub-basin of the Bengal Foredeep in the northeastern part of Bangladesh and is characterized by a very pronounced, vast, closed negative gravity anomaly up to 84 mgl (Million Gallon). Shillong Massif forms the northern boundary of Sylhet Trough while the great Dauki Fault separates the trough from the Massif. The Trough is bounded on the east and southeast by the sub-meridional trending folded belt of Assam and Tripura as the frontal deformation zone of Indo-Burman Ranges. The generalized geological feature of the project area is shown in the geological map of Bangladesh (Figures 4.11). 44 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.11: Geology of project area 45 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.6 Air quality There is no official record of secondary air quality data due to non-availability of a regular air quality monitoring program for ambient conditions or emissions. The present condition of the air quality is presented in the following Table 4.2 (Source ESAMF of MFSP). From the test results, it is found that SPM, CO, SOx and NOx of the ambient air in the sampling points are within the atmospheric environmental standards for the industrial and mixed. Table 4.2: Air Quality Monitoring Data Date Sampling Duration SPM CO SOx NOx dd/mm/yy point μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m 3 μg/m3 19/12/12 North end 8 hours 310 475 48 38 19/12/12 South end 8 hours 325 510 44 36 Bangladesh Standard for Industrial 500 5000 120 100 and Mixed Source: Environmental Screening Report, Mymensingh, April 2015 4.1.7 Water Resources Bangladesh is located over a subsiding basin of tectonic origin overlain with a great thickness of sedimentary strata. This sedimentary stratum is an unconsolidated alluvial deposit of recent age overlaying marine sediments. The recent delta and alluvial plains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and the Meghna Rivers constitute the upper formation. The near surface Quaternary alluvium contains good aquifer characteristics (transmission and storage coefficients). The groundwater (GW) storage reservoir has three divisions: upper clay and silt layer, a middle composite aquifer (fine to very fine sand) and a main aquifer consisting of medium to coarse sand. Drinking water is generally taken from deep tube wells with strainers set between depths of 200 meters to around 400 meters (DPHE, 2011). The Ground water level is at or very close to the surface during the monsoon; whereas, it is at maximum depth during the months of April and May (Banglapedia, 2014). Figure 4.12 shows the water resources map of the project area. 46 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.12: Water Bodies and River Network Map 47 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.7.1 Ground Water Though, arsenic is a problem in large part of Bangladesh ground water. The project area has no Arsenic problem in ground water. During consultation meeting with the local people, no arsenic affected person was identified. Arsenic contained in the soil as soluble form, it may contaminant any time in the ground water. That’s why the consultant addressed arsenic for this project. The environmental team collected groundwater sample, on 12thOctober 2016, from tube well depth about 180ft near the project area and the sample was tested in the laboratory of the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) (ref. table 4.3 and appendix-F). Figure 4.13 shows the water sample collection of ground water from an installed deep tube well about 180 ft’ in the project area. Figure 4.14 shows (the map showing the arsenic contaminated areas throughout) that the Arsenic contamination is there in the project area. . Figure 4.13:Water Sampling and On-site Testing in the Project Location Table 4.3: Results for Groundwater Field Sample Parameter Unit Test value of the sample Bangladesh Remark collected dated on October, 2016 Standard Temperature °C 28.4 20-30 Ok Turbidity NTU 1.0 <10 Ok Color TCU 0.8 <15 Ok pH value 7.5 6.5-8.5 Ok TDS mg/l 190 <1000 Ok DO mg/l 6.20 >5 Ok BOD mg/l 5 Ok BOD mg/l 2.9 4 6 Ok Fe mg/l Nil 0.19 2 Ok Zn mg/l Nil 0.12 5 Ok Al mg/l Nil 1.474 - Ok On site test result of surface water, during 2012, taken from Screening report of Mymensingh 49 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.15: Arsenic Contaminated Zones of Bangladesh 50 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.8 Soil Quality The soil of the project area is yet not classified and does not fall any of the category of Bangladesh soil types. However, there are two categories of soil near the project location which includes the following (Figure 4.16) Non-calcareous Alluvium (Saline) Similar to calcareous alluvium, except they are non- calcareous in soil profiles. These soils occupy extensive areas on the active Teesta and Brahmaputra-Jamuna floodplains. They are sandy or silty, grey or olive, neutral to slightly alkaline. Most of these soils have been included as Eutric Fluvisols. From the field and laboratory test results of soil it can be found that the sub-soil formation encountered at the proposed site is homogeneous. The sequence of lithological composition as well as consistency of the soil at different depths has been depicted in the bore logs. However; we enclosed the allowable bearing capacity of soil at different depth and length. Considering the magnitude of the structure, the structural designer selects the suitable type of foundation. The details of the soil investigations results are given in the sub-soil investigations report at Mymensingh prepared by GERICO, France. 51 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.16: Soil Types of project area 52 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.9 Agro-Ecological Zones within the Project Area A 1988 study carried out by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) classified Bangladesh into a series of Agro-ecological Zones (AEZs) based on an assessment of commonalities in characteristics such as physiography, soil types, climate and drainage. In total, 34 regions were identified and characterized, however this information has been updated and further refined on numerous occasions since the original study was undertaken. The purpose of assessing the AEZs within the project area is to establish a broad overview of expected soil conditions which can be compared against more detailed, Upazila-level data sources. The most recent assessment was completed by the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI, 1998) which classified Bangladesh into 30 AEZs. The project area contains the below AEZ (refer Figure 4.17), namely: Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain(5,924 sq km) the region comprises the area of Brahmaputra sediments. It has a complex relief of broad and narrow ridges, inter-ridge depressions, partially in filled cut-off channels and basin. This area is occupied by permeable silt loam to silty clay loam soils on the ridges and impermeable clays in the basins, neutral to slightly acid in reaction. General soil types include predominantly grey floodplain soils. Organic matter content is low in ridges and moderate in basins. Soils are deficient in N, P, and S but the status of K and Zn are reasonable. 53 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.17: Agro-Ecological Zones of project area 54 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.1.10 Seismicity Bangladesh is situated in one of the most tectonically active regions in the world, where three major plates meet (the Indian Plate, the Tibet Sub-Plate, and the Burmese Sub-Plate). The project area is located over the Indian Plate, which is moving north. However due to the location of relevant plates, fault lines and hinge zones, Bangladesh itself is divided into three seismic zones (Table 4.5), based on the ranges of the seismic coefficient (note: the seismic coefficient is a measure of how strong an earthquake has the potential to be based on a combination of the mass of the plate and the seismic forces acting on it, as well as how frequently these quakes are likely to occur). As per the seismic zone map (Figure 4.18), project area falls in the zone I. It means the project area is prone to high seismic intensity. Zone-I comprising the northern and eastern regions of Bangladesh with the presence of the Dauki Fault system of eastern Sylhet and the deep seated Sylhet Fault, and proximity to the highly disturbed southeastern Assam region with the Jaflong thrust, Naga thrust and Disang thrust, is a zone of high seismic risk with a basic seismic co-efficient of 0.08. The Zone-II seismic coefficient has been considered during the design works for the sub-structures and super-structures. Table 4.5: Seismic Zonation of Bangladesh Zoning Area Mercalli Scale Bask Seismic Coefficient I North and eastern regions of Bangladesh (Seismically most active) 0.08 II Lalmai, Barind, Madhupur Tracts, Dhaka, Comilla, Noakhali and 0.05 western part of Chittagong Folded belt. III Khulna division S-E Bangladesh (Seismically relatively quiet) 0.04 55 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.18: Seismic Zones of Bangladesh 56 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.2 Biological Environment The Mymensingh silo site is with a large number of native plants and lies at the meeting point (ecotonal region) of several floristic provinces, including the Manipur-Khasia, Bengal and North Burman provinces within the Indo-Malayan realm (IUCN, 2002). The floodplains of Bangladesh have long been subject to cultivation, the most dominant land use within the project area, with only scattered patches of native trees, wetlands and associated fauna habitat remaining in isolated locations within the terrestrial environment. 4.2.1 Bio-Ecological Zones Mymensingh area is a part of low-lying deltaic horizon with the seasonal variation in water availability is the major factor, which generates different ecological scenarios of Bangladesh. Temperature, rainfall, physiographic variations in soil and different hydrological conditions play vital roles in the country's diverse ecosystems (both land based and aquatic). IUCN Bangladesh in 2002 classified the country into twenty five bio-ecological zones (Figure 4.19). Mymensingh silo site is within the Brahmaputra-Jamuna flood plain (bio-ecological zone 4c), the greater Mymensingh and Dhaka districts comprises the active channel of the Brahmaputra River and the adjoining areas of the young floodplain lands formed since about 1780, when the river shifted to its present course (i.e. the Jamuna River) to the south of Dewanganj in Jamalpur district. The main river course is strongly braided and consists of several interconnecting channels. This floodplain possess a unique variety of plants, medicinal herbs, fruit yielding trees, many jungle shrubs, creepers and climbers, flowering trees etc., many of which yield valuable products. Bushes of reeds and canes are also found here. The faunal diversity in this zone is also rich. Leopard was frequently cited in this zone. The most common poisonous snake is the Banded krait in this area, which could easily be identified by its broad black and yellow bands. 57 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.19: Bio-Ecological Zones of Bangladesh 58 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.2.2 Terrestrial Ecosystem The status of terrestrial floras and faunas at the project site were assessed from visual observations, review of literature, and information documented by other agencies. The project area consists of several ecological subsystems e.g. open agricultural land, homesteads, and roadside vegetation. The open agriculture land ecosystem dominates the area providing widespread habitat types for various species of flora and fauna under flooded and non-flooded conditions. The vegetation covers of agricultural lands are different crop species, weeds and other herbaceous plants species. The faunal species in the agriculture land and roadside bush ecosystems include birds, amphibians, fishes, snakes rodents and few mammals. The homestead ecosystem provides the main tree covered areas within rural Bangladesh including the project site. The homesteads are covered by fruit, timber, fuel wood, medicinal plants and various multipurpose tree species. The wildlife species in homestead ecosystem include the birds, amphibians, reptiles, rodents and mammals like mongoose, jackal, cats, monkey, etc. Many of the species including mammals are vulnerable or/and endangered in Bangladesh due to habitat loss, over exploitation, natural calamities and lacking of management. The project command area is not the specific habitat for any particular species of flora and fauna hence none such species will be specifically affected due to project implementation. Figure 4.20: Flora in the Project Area 4.2.2.1. Flora The project influence area (PIA) is has mixed vegetation. Crops, vegetables are cultivated at the surrounding mainly include rice, wheat, rabi crops and variety of homestead vegetables. A sizeable number of fruit trees with economic value have been observed in the PIA. The fruit trees include jackfruit, mango, litchi, banana, coconut etc. and timber trees include shimul, koroi etc. Considerable number of trees and bushes in the PIA site provide habitat for birds and other animals. The composition of plant community includes low growing grasses, trees, herbs and shrubs. The data collected from the field survey and suggests that the predominant species are those of cultivated vegetables and trees. A detailed list of terrestrial floral species found in the project area is shown in Appendix H. 59 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.2.2.2. Fauna The diversified habitat and ecosystem in the project area support various types of animals as given in Appendix I. Primary and secondary mode was adopted for identification of fauna. Most of the birds are identified through direct observation rather than from people. Most of the Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals were identified by using books and description of the local people during the field survey. The most common amphibians found in the project influence area are Kuno Bang. Cow, Buffalo, Goat, Rat etc. are the common mammals available in the project areas. Fairly available mammals are kathbirali, monkey etc. the most common aves available in the project area are Charui, hen, babui, duck, pecha etc. 4.2.3 Aquatic Ecosystem Some aquatic plant species exist in the banks of the rivers and khals and in water of ponds khals and rivers. The species commonly found are Shapla (water Lily), Kalmilata, Kochuripana, DholKalmi, Khudipana, Malanchi ,Shingara, Keshar dam etc. As many as 50 species of fish are found in the area. Some indigenous fish species previously common but presently hard to be found in the area; these includes Puti, Tengra, Taki, Bele, Drakina, Koi, Singh, Magur, Kakla etc. The species of cultured fish include Ruhit, Katla, Silver carp, Pungas, Mrigel, Grass carp, Telapia, Mirror carp, Big Head etc. Batashi, Rita, Pabda, Swar punti, Chital etc. previously available but hardly be found now. There have pond and river is situated in and around the CSD area. It is observed from the consultations that no endangered/ rare fish species were identified. In the river, no fishing activities were observed. No anticipated impact on aquatic species as well as fish species due to the project activities. 4.2.4 Protected Areas & Red Book Species Many wildlife species are in stress in Bangladesh, many more are endangered/ threatened and a large number already faced extinction. The status of faunal species in Bangladesh has been published by IUCN (2000). According to the IUCN findings this country has lost 10% of its mammalian fauna, 3% avifauna and 4% reptiles over the last 100 years. More than 50 species are presently critically endangered in Bangladesh of which 23 species are already declared as endangered in the Red Data Book of IUCN. In addition, 83 species are commercially threatened and are included in the appendices of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Among the most endangered species are: elephant, tiger, wild Cat, Leopard or wild goat, serao, dolphin; birds: white-winged duck, comb duck, stork, carne, pheasant, partridge, and crocodile, python, monitor, lizard, tiger terrapin, roofed turtle, soft turtle, and marine turtles. In and around the project area some wildlife species were identified as locally vulnerable. One of these vulnerable species is Bengal monitor. Some species were also identified as locally endangered. Any construction must consider impacts on the rate of deforestation, loss of habitat, habitat fragmentation, and interruption of wildlife migration patterns. Figure 4.21 shows that no environmental sensitive area is present around the project region. 60 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.21: Environmental Protected Areas of Bangladesh 61 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.3 Social Environment This Section presents an analysis of the socioeconomic baseline of Project area developed based on data from secondary sources and from community consultations at the local level. The analysis presents the socioeconomic profile of the Project area, population, and communities. 4.3.1 Demographic Profile 4.3.1.1 Background Mymensingh district is located in the northern part of Bangladesh. The previous name of the region is ‘Nasirabad’. In the Mughal period the region is called ‘Momensahi’ -named after saint Momensah (R). With the passing of age, it is called Mymensingh. It is called that Haor, Jungle and Buffalo horn formed the name of Mymensingh. The region is the place of history, tradition and literature. The Mymensingha Gitiaka (Ballads) collected by Dr Dinesh Chandra Sen from the region that represent a rich and valuable treasure of world literature. Fakir and Sannyashi Revolt (1722-1790), great flood (1787), famine (1788), earthquake (1897), Sadeshi Movement (1905) etc are the remarkable historical chapters of the region. Mymensingh is one of the oldest districts in Bangladesh. Mymensingh district is established in 01 May 1787 and it was divided into six districts named Tangail, Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Kishoregonj, Sherpur and Netrakona in 1984. Recently, Mymensingh has been declared as the Divisional town. 4.3.1.2 Area and Location The area of current Mymensingh district is 4394.57 Sq Km. It is the 5Th largest district in Bangladesh. The Geo position of Mymensingh district is between 24˚02’31’’ to 25˚25’56’’ North latitudes and between 89˚39’ to 91˚15’35’’ east longitude. 4.3.1.3 Administrative/Geographic Unit There are ten Municipalities under Mymensingh and those are Valuka, Gauripur, Muktagachha, Nandail, Fulbaria, Ishwarganj, Phulpur, Gaffargaon, Mymensingh Sadar and Trishal. The number of Upazilla (sub district) in Mymensingh district is 12, named- Mymensingh Sadar, Trishal, Gauripur, Muktagachha, Fulpur, Haluaghat, Valuka, Fulbari, Gaffargaon, Ishwarganj, Nandail and Dhobaura contain 146 Unions, 2137 Mouzas and 2692 Villages. 4.3.1.4 Housing and Household Characteristics The below table 4.6 shows the housing and household trend of Mymensingh area. 62 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 4.6: Housing structure in the Mymensingh area Type of Type of Year of construction Area Structure Before 1951- 1971- 1981- 1991- 2001 After 1950 1970 1980 1990 2000 -'10 2011 Pucca 2% 8% 11% 14% 26% 36% 5% Semi-pucca 2% 3% 9% 16% 41% 26% 3% Urban Kancha 3% 5% 15% 16% 26% 28% 7% Jhupri 100 % Pucca 4% 4% 8% 79% 4% Semi-pucca 1% 3% 3% 4% 31% 52% 7% Rural Kancha 1% 1% 4% 5% 48% 39% 3% Jhupri 8% 4% 4% 39% 46% 4.3.1.5 Population Characteristics According to Population and Housing Census 2011, the total population of Mymensingh is 4489726 of which 2297302 are males and 2192424 are females. Sex ratio is 99:100, Population density is 1163/sq km and annual growth rate is 1.28%. 4.3.1.5.1 Religion Composition According to Bangladesh Population Census, 2011 the number of Muslims living in the area is 4289789, the number of Hindu people is 168135, the number of Buddhist people is 27999 and the number of Christian and others are 330 and 3473 respectively. The table 4.7 shows the percentages of religion composition in the Project Area. Table 4.7: Religion Composition of Mymensingh Total Muslim (%) Hindu (%) Christian Buddhist Others Population (%) (%) (%) 4489726 95.55 3.74 0.0074 0.62 0.077 4.3.1.5.2 Tribal Communities The indigenous communities are, Garol, Koch, Dalu, Barman and Hajong. The number of tribal people is 35907. None of the tribal community will be affected by the project activities. 4.3.1.6 Literacy and Education Information on literacy and education is furnished below: 63 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Literacy: In Mymensingh, it is found that average literacy rate is 39.1% and the literacy rate of males is 41.7% and females is 36.3% Educational Institutions: The table 4.8 shows the status of the educational institutions present in the Upazilla. Table 4.8: Educational Institutions in Mymensingh Educational Institutions No.(s) University 2 Medical College 3 College 63 Cadet College 1 Teachers’ Training College 4 Vocational Training Institute 2 Polytechnic Institute 1 Secondary School 506 Primary School 2043 Art School 1 Community School 6 Satellite School 24 NGO Operated School 1065 Nursery School 59 Deaf and Dumb School 1 Music School 3 Madrasa 1212 4.3.1.7 Arts and Culture Notable folk culture of the district include Mymensingha Gitika, rhymes, Baul song, Palageet, proverbs of the Garo community, sloka (hiluk) of the Hajong community, riddle (thachi-katha). 4.3.1.8 Economy and Occupation Main crops of the area are paddy, jute, wheat, sugarcane, pulse, brinjals, cauliflower, oil seeds, betel leaf and vegetables. The main sources of income of the people of Mymensingh are listed below: Table 4.9: Income Sources of Mymensingh Income Source Percentage (%) Agriculture 64.14 64 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Non-agricultural Laborer 3.65 Industry 0.82 Commerce 11.40 Transport and Communication 3.53 Service 6.21 Construction 1.33 Religious Service 0.21 Rent and Remittance 0.46 Others 8.25 4.3.1.9 Access to Drinking Water In urban area 50% of the households use pipe line supply as their source of water. Common tube well is also used by urban people which are 39% of total households. In rural area 96% of total households use common tube well to use water. Drinking water source is mainly tube-well. But water is drunk for taps and ponds too. The percentage of drinking water consumption from different sources is listed in below table 4.10. Table 4.10: Water Consumption Rates from different Water Sources Drinking Water Source Consumption Percentage (%) Consumption Percentage of Urban Households (%) of Rural Households Pipe line supply 50 3 Common tube-well 39 96 Khal/River 9 0 Others 1 1 4.3.1.10 Transportation Link Interior roads: Interior roads for the present requirement of the CSD are enough but in poor condition, though they need repair and rehabilitation. For construction of the new silo in the vacant land, new connecting roads with necessary repair and maintenance of existing roads will be constructed during construction of main project in 2018 and will be connected with the existing internal road network. River: The Mymensingh CSD campus is situated at the western side of the Brahmaputra River (at 4 to 5 km away from the river bank). Hence there is no opportunity for river transport for the food grains from the CSD in all seasons, but the water way may be used during rainy season to carry construction materials from Sunamganj and Sylhet region, The river/ water way may also be used during rainy season to carry food grains to the haor areas, especially during flash flood period. Rail: There is a railway connection with the CSD site. The godowns are so designed and constructed that every alternate godown is connected by rail road and the other alternative is 65 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh by the trucks. Railway connectivity with proposed silo will be established if needed with adequate repair and maintenance. Road: There are good road connections to the site as it is located in the corner of two inter district roads (Mymensingh to Tangail and Jamalpur). There is no restriction on movements of trucks from or to outside road network. The lane width of the road outside of the CSD that connects the Mymensingh-Tangail highway is 6.1m. The vehicles that ply over this road are trucks, human hauler, rickshaw, motorbike and bicycle. An initial traffic survey was carried out in last quarter of 2012 at this road in the daytime of the weekday, when the traffic volume was expected to be high (Source: ESAMF of MFSP). The identified peak rate of traffic flow was 244 vehicles/hour, where less than 10% of them are trucks as per ESAMF. The existing transportation facilities are shown in Figure 4.22. Existing CSD Godown with poor internal road Existing Railway line in the CSD area Existing Drainage System near newly Boat Ghat at the River Brahmaputra 66 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh constructed CSD Godown Adjacent Mymensingh-Tangail Highway Existing poor Internal road Figure 4.22: Existing transportation facilities outside and inside of the project area 4.3.2 Survey Finding of Social Impact Assessment During socioeconomic survey of SIA study, the consultants observed that the proposed silo facilities will be constructed inside the existing boundary wall and no new acquisition of land is required. The sites are also connected by road and rail placed in the central part of Bangladesh. This proposed project will be anticipated no dislocation or displacement of the people, no affected of agricultural land, no loss of business or income, no affect on women or vulnerable groups, no affect on physical cultural resources and no affect of any unseen items which can be related with social issues. It will bring more employment in terms of using more labors, more rice mills will be established, transport business will boost, poultry farming will enrich further and so on. The local people requested that local labor should be used during construction and operation. It is observed from the field survey that there is a small mosque in the silo campus. But the mosque is very much old and dilapidated in condition. If the project authority reconstructed the mosque with larger size then the local people would be more benefitted socially from this project. Hence, this proposed silo project facility has no significant adverse impact its adjoining area but has positive impact all over Bangladesh. 4.3.3 Environmental & Social Hotspot The environmental and social hotspots like the educational institutions, hospitals/health centres, religious structures, cultural structures, burial grounds, market places etc. are in the main town areas and those are at least three kilometer away from the CSD area. So, there is no chance of affecting the environmental and social hotspots by the sub-project intervention. 67 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 4.3.4 Cultural, Religious and Archaeological Sites There is no remarkable cultural centre or religious or historical monument in project area. There are also 1 Mosques and 1 Madrasa near the project site. Neither of the cultural, religious and archaeological sites would be affected by the project activities. 68 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 4.23: Sensitive Locations in Mymensingh 69 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 5. SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK 5.1 Objectives of SMRPF The Social Management and Resettlement Policy Framework (SMRPF) is intended to provide general policies, guidelines, and procedures to DG-Food for social inclusion and integration of required mitigation measures of possible safeguard impacts into the selection, design and construction of silo facilities. The objective of the SMRPF is to help DG-Food to achieve the following:  Enhance the social development outcomes of development of modern silos facilities at strategic locations and provide home silos to targeted families in disaster prone areas;  Identify and mitigate adverse impacts that the selected sites might cause on people (men & women), including protection against loss of livelihood activities, with culturally, socially and economically appropriate measures;  Develop necessary safeguard mitigation measures to adequately disclose and consult with affected people on draft action plans, to replace their lost assets and to improve (or at least restore) their incomes and livelihoods, and  Ensure compliance with the relevant GOB policies and those of the World Bank on social safeguards and other social issues, including those with gender implications. 5.2 Basic Planning Principles In consideration of the potential adverse impacts associated with land acquisition and displacement of authorized and unauthorized private activities from its own (and other public) lands, the strategic planning approach was followed by the DG-Food to select, design and implement all activities in accordance with the following principles:  Prior to selection of specific site, undertaking community and stakeholder consultations about their objectives, scopes, and social safeguard implications, especially with respect to land acquisition and displacement of businesses, trading and other activities from its own lands (and other public lands, if they are also likely to be used by the project). Consultations will inter alia include,  All formal/informal local entities, such as Municipal Committees, Union Parishads, local women’s groups and others with direct and indirect stakes in the project who are deemed as key actors to influence project design and implementation.  The persons to be discussed with, like the landowners, business owners, traders, embankment settlers etc. who would be directly affected by the project.  The persons who would be affected in terms of loss of livelihood and/or loss of access to common property resources.  Avoiding private land acquisition and limit its activities, to the extent feasible, within the existing land of DG-Food to minimize displacement of economic and other activities from private and public lands. 70 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  Avoiding the activities that might be threaten the cultural way of life of tribal peoples; severely restrict their access to common property resources and livelihood activities; and affect places/objects of cultural and religious significance (places of worship, ancestral burial grounds, etc.)  Undertaking social screening of all sites to identify potential social safeguard issues, and adopt and implement impact mitigation measures consistent with the Bank’s OP 4.12.  Special attention to female affected persons in the resettlement process and to the vulnerability of women and children in the project areas to social exclusion, trafficking, risks of HIV/AIDS infection following the policy guidelines of the World Bank on gender.  Special attention to the vulnerable communities and destitute groups including poor, women, ethnic minorities, small and marginal farmers, and tenant contract farmers, in selection of beneficiaries and making available family silos based on needs. 5.3 Social Screening & Impact Assessment DG-Food screened the sites to identify potential safeguard compliance issues and social impacts associated with the construction of silo facilities, in order to determine applicability of the OP 4.12 and the required Social Management Plan. Where adverse impacts cannot be avoided entirely, DG-Food selected, design and implement the project in accordance with the following guidelines: 5.3.1 Exclusion Criteria To ensure that the project meets its overall objectives, and that the national legal as well as Bank’s safeguard requirements are met, the following criterion for the exclusion of silo sites from project finance:  Require involuntary land acquisition that affects private homesteads those cannot be relocated in available lands;  Affect mosques, temples, graveyards, cremation grounds, and other places/objects that are of religious and cultural significance;  May significantly restrict access to common property resources and livelihood activities of groups and communities;  Threatens cultural/traditional way of life of tribal peoples, restrict their access to common property resources (forests, water bodies, etc) and livelihood activities, and affect their places/objects of cultural and religious significance (places of worship, ancestral burial grounds, etc.). 5.3.2 Social Impact Assessment Methodology Social impacts and risks including land acquisition, resettlement and other social impacts were primarily identified during the initial social screening of silo sites. Once social impacts were noted, census of affected persons and assets would be conducted following the site 71 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh boundary and where applicable land acquisition plan in compliance with the SMRPF guidelines. The surrounding communities were consulted during the census survey to understand the risks and options and devising mitigation of social impacts. In the case of land acquisition, if there was any case of affected person, the process would be initiated well ahead of time so that assessment of social impacts and risks could be done for preparation and approval of RAPs before award of civil works contract and implementation of the same before displacement of people. Land acquisition proposal for respective sites would provide information on land and the census (by DG-Food) and joint verification (jointly by DC and DG-Food) would provide data on inventory of losses and risks recognized in the SMRPF. With this SMRPF in place, when sites for construction of silo facilities are determined, detailed social impact assessment (SIA) following the initial social screening, was undertaken to identify all project beneficiaries, impacted people and other relevant stakeholders. The SIA utilized a well-planned and all-inclusive communication and consultation strategy and survey methodology to lay out a detailed socioeconomic survey covering the prevailing status of income, employment, education, age, skills and other socioeconomic aspects along with cultural and community aspects in the areas. The following methodology has been adopted.  The SIA has been carried out in accordance with the civil works time table.  Community/stakeholder consultations at locations with habitations and documentation of such consultation.  Focus group discussions with beneficiaries, key affected persons and their community.  Census and socioeconomic survey among the project affected households (if any).  Assimilation and analysis of data and information to address key issues following SMRPF.  The information was recorded on strip maps and computerized, and photography/ video-graph was used to document existing structures and land holding and other impacts in the corridor of impact.  Updated the final alignment on the Mouza maps and finalized (no land acquisition required).  All data was disintegrated by gender, age and ethnicity where necessary. A gender analysis would also be undertaken (in case). In case of land acquisition; the Deputy Commissioner at respective districts, where a site involve land acquisition, would process land acquisition on behalf of DG-Food under the provision of the ARIPO 1982 and make payment of compensation under law to legalize land acquisition. However, DG-Food would make additional payment where needed to ensure replacement cost of land and other property acquired for any silo site following the provision of RAP prepared in compliance with this SMRPF. 72 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 5.4Social Management and Resettlement Policy The ARIPO 1982 is not adequate to deal with the adverse impacts associated with land acquisition and involuntary displacement in compliance with the Bank's OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. The Ordinance has no provisions for resettlement of the affected households/businesses or any assistance for restoration of livelihoods of the affected persons. Land acquisition, therefore potentially diminishes productive base of affected farm families and infringe impoverishment risks to those physically or economically displaced due to undertaking of infrastructure projects. No involuntary resettlement issues were observed. As the legal framework falls short of the provisions of the World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, the project would apply the following added mechanisms to meet the Bank's requirements:  Avoid or minimize resettlement: The law only implicitly discourages unnecessary acquisition, as lands acquired for one purpose cannot be used for a different purpose. However, there are no mechanisms to monitor if this condition is actually adhered to.  Eligibility for compensation: The law stipulates compensation only for the persons who appear in the land administration records as the owners. It does not recognize the rights of those, such as squatters, who do not possess legal title to the lands they live in or make a living from.  Compensation: The law provides compensation for lands and other objects built and grown on them (structures, trees and orchards, crops and any other developments like ponds, built amenities, etc.). No provisions are there to assess and restore lost income stream or income sources that acquisition causes to the affected persons, be they legal titleholders or others like squatters, tenants and employees of affected businesses.  Compensation standards: Although the law stipulates 'market prices' of the acquired lands as the just compensation, the legal assessment method almost always results in prices that are far below the actual market prices9. Certain pricing standards, which are regarded as unrealistic, are used to assess other losses like structures and various built amenities, trees, crops and the like.  Relocation of households and other establishments: No legal obligation is there to relocate, or assist with relocation of, those whose homesteads have been acquired or whose place of residence or livelihoods has been affected. Such persons/households, be they titleholders or squatters, are left on their own.  Ensuring payment of compensation: Lands are legally acquired and handed over to the project execution agency as soon as the acquisition authority identifies the owners (or 'awardees'), by examining the records, and sends a legal notice advising them to claim the compensation (or 'awards'). It is the obligation of the affected landowners to prove, by producing an array of documents that the acquired lands legally belong to them. As gathering these documents is a long, expensive and cumbersome process, many landowners may remain unable to claim their awards10.  Socioeconomic rehabilitation: The law shows no concern whatsoever about the long-term socioeconomic changes the affected persons and households might undergo in the post-acquisition period. There is no provision in the law except compensation for ensure economic rehabilitation and social reintegration of the displaced persons. 73 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 6. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION 6.1 Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The Mymensingh silo site is located at about 5 km away from District HQ. It is by the side of Mymensingh- Tangail highway. The area is, within the existing CSD boundary, free from environmental hotspot, and away from any environmentally sensitive area. The sub-project will not be harmful to the issues like; resettlement, vulnerable group or women. Rather; it will generate a huge employment for the local people. The local economy will be improved through increasing business, trades, poultry development etc. Some anticipated impacts will have to be considered, especially, during construction and operation periods and those are to be well managed, to minimize environmental and social impacts and hazards, as the means of mitigation measures to the probable impacts. For the sustainable development as well as to maintain environmental friendly infrastructure, measures start from design phase and to be taken during construction stage and extend in the operation phase. Before starting the construction works, an well planning is required to place the laborers' shed, drinking water facility, sanitary latrines, equipment and materials yards, lubricant and fuel keeping facility, temporary drainage facilities, solid waste management facilities etc. The labor-shed shall be with proper living, lighting and cooking arrangement, waste water drainage arrangement from the kitchen area, waste bins and solid waste management facilities, and adequate drinking water supply, sanitary latrine facilities, personal protection equipments, first aid box etc. are to be provided before starting the construction works. The construction materials' yard and place for keeping the prefabricated steel sheets will be fixed in ahead of starting the silo bins' super-structure setting. As, the area is within the existing CSD godowns, stone/ brick crushing and steel fabrication will not be allowed within the campus. Only pre-fabricated steel sheet and coarse aggregates will be carried to the construction site and separate areas/ yards will have to be maintained for that. For carrying the construction materials, care should be taken on traffic management. Safety measures, along with the other traffic movement for existing CSD godowns, will be taken very carefully. In addition to the Mymensingh-Tangail highway, the waterway may also be used to carry construction materials. 6.1.1 Potential Impacts during Pre-construction Phase Loss of Tree Structure: Due to the implementation of the silo project, during the sub-project preparatory phase, some immature and young trees were cut down. To minimize the anticipated impacts for the loss of such trees, the project authority as well as the design consultants has already designed the landscape in the silo campus and considered more than 500 trees to plant in and around the silo campus. Damage due to Flooding: As the project area is very near to the Brahmaputra River, there should be a risk of flooding. The historical data shows Mymensingh was inundated in last 30 years. So, proper flood management strategy, prior to starting the construction works is essential. Mitigation: 74 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh The following measures will address for the flooding management:  The design will ensure that facilities remain safe from flooding and inundation.  The site selected for the facilities will be sufficiently higher than the maximum water level during high tides and storm surges.  Appropriate raising of the foundations will be carried out.  Appropriate drainage system will be included in the design. Damage due to Waste Disposal: The improper solid waste management activities during construction period would damage the local environment. So, proper arrangement of solid waste management, prior starting the construction works, is essential. The contractor is solely responsible for total solid waste management activities. Solid Waste Quantity: During the construction works, 100 workers may work at a time (during pile driving for silo bins' foundation works and for other construction works. If per capita waste generation is 300 gm per day, the quantity of solid waste will be 30 Kg in a day. Type of works number of workers per capita waste Quantity Pile driving for silo bins 30 300 gm 9 Kg Other ancillary work 70 300 gm 21 Kg Mitigation:  Within the silo campus, some waste bins are to be provided by the contractor,  A primary transfer station for solid waste will be constructed by the contractor outside the Main Gate and Sub-Gate of project boundary open place. The Conservancy unit of Mymensingh Pourashava will collect this waste daily basis. A transfer station (2 m long x 1 m width x 1.5 m height) masonry walled box with provision of door and tin shed is to be constructed on the immediate north side of the main gate and sub-gate. The engaged laborer will collect solid wastes from different waste bins, inside, and deposit that in the transfer station. The Pourashava conservancy unit will collect that waste and dispose at the landfill site daily. In absence of services of Pourashava conservancy unit, the contractor will make suitable arrangement for safe disposal of solid waste.  The contractor will arrange with the Conservancy unit of Mymensingh Pourashava for the solid waste management and disposal facilities. The Contractors' laborer will collect the solid wastes from different places within the silo areas (waste bins should be placed by the contractor) and will dump those in a suitable place from where the Pourashava conservancy unit will collect the wastes and dispose to their landfill site.  If the contractor plans for solid waste management by themselves, they will make some suitable arrangement of safe dumping of solid waste.  Solid waste shall not be allowed to dump in the nearby river/ water body. 75 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Damage due to Septage Disposal: There is no sewerage system in the CSD campus or Mymensingh town areas. On-site sanitation facilities exist and proper septic tank etc. has been designed with all the ancillary facilities. The sanitary latrines, to be provided for the laborers and that should be with proper on-site sanitation system. Prior to start the construction works, sanitary latrines should be provided by the contractors. Mitigation:  The contractor will install sanitary latrines and will maintain hygiene practices with the facilities and proper water and washing facilities are to be provided.  The latrines should be at a distant and safe location, preferably near the north-west corners of the boundary wall. Damage due to inadequate water supply: Prior starting the construction works, it is very essential to establish water supply in the construction site. There is no supply water in the construction site. If the supply water is inadequate both in terms of quality and quantity that will damage the entire construction works. So, water supply should be proper, in terms of both quality and quantity. Mitigation:  The contractor will install tube well as considered in the BOQ (environmental and social safeguard component) prior starting the construction works,  The water quality will have to be tested for its quality judgment. Pollution from fuel and lubricants: Improper placing of fuel and lubricants is essential, to prevent damage of surrounding environment and measures are to be taken prior starting the works. Mitigation:  Raised platform (brick soling with neat cement finishing) shall be constructed prior to start working.  The place should be well protected and to be prepared prior to start working. The place should be in a safe corner of the silo campus. Transportation Planning before starting works: The contractor will set up the stock yards as shown in the attached figure 7.1 that the larger stock yard is to be set up near the silo project area and other two separate smaller size stockyards in between silo bins and store building. Mitigation:  Coarse sand and fine sand will be transported from Sunamganj or Sylhet areas via Mymensingh town through the bi-pass road or water way by using Brahmaputra River, those will be dumped in the stock pile area of the silo campus. 76 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  The reinforcement steel and cement will have to be carried via Mymensingh road or using water ways and to be stored in the bulk pile stock yard.  Steel sheets (fabricated/ non-fabricated) will have to be carried from Chittagong port to the large stock pile of the silo campus and those will be carried through Chittagong-Mymensingh-Tangail route or water ways.  In all the cases, the Mymensingh route or possible water ways will be used and the materials will be stored in the bulk storage facilities of the silo campus.  For mass concrete works (especially for the concreting of in-situ pile casting, separate batch plant is preferable. Contingency Planning for any uneven situation: There are so many unwanted happenings may be there during construction periods. Proper contingency planning is required for overcoming any uneven situation, otherwise, that will hamper the progress of works. As preparedness works, proper contingency planning is essential for smooth progress.  All the emergency telephone numbers of all the departments like Police station, fire service & civil defense, truck & bus stands, hospitals, clinics, etc.  Standby transport facilities to deal any accidental case,  Emergency on-call physician  Emergency arrangement of medicine  Arrangement of Safe havens (within the Mymensingh area), that may be used as emergency shelter during any disaster like Cyclone, etc.  Proper liaison, with the local people and community leaders, is to be maintained so that the local people may always be with the silo construction engineers and workers, during any uneven situation. Precaution for the safeguard of Hot-spots: There are a number of existing CSD godowns, staff residents, dormitory etc. under DG-Food within the existing campus and there are lot of movements of food grains carrying trucks. There are also some residential houses and green plants outside the CSD boundary walls. All those physical and natural resources may be affected due to creation of uneven sound during construction works, due to unplanned movement of trucks for carrying construction materials, unplanned solid waste disposal etc.  The machineries to be used shall be checked with proper silencer and muffler,  The materials carrying trucks shall be planned to move during night time,  All the materials carrying trucks shall be with covered truck/lorry.  Maximum use of waterway will be ensured for carrying construction materials.  The construction watchers shall keep eyes to the school going children and will not allow them to enter into the silo campus during construction period,  Solid waste disposal shall be well planned to avoid any uneven dumping around, and the waste disposal activities should be synchronized with that of Mymensingh Pourashava.  The construction workers and supervisors will be trained up to control dust. 77 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 6.1.2 Potential Impacts during Construction Phase Arrangement of stockpile: Proper stock piling is essential during construction period. Improper stockpiling may hamper the construction works, for the silo campus of Mymensingh silo.  Large stock piles should be set up near the silo office building of the silo campus. Large volume of construction materials should be at large stock pile. Prefabrication of steel sheet and reinforcement bars should be there.  Separate batch plant should be maintained for concrete mixing.  The stockpile in the silo campus will be used for essential items and for the fabricated steel sheets.  Separate fencing is to be maintained for the stock pile within the silo campus. Transportation Planning: Mymensingh-Tangail-Dhaka highway is two lane road. The road is capable of carrying about 200 vehicles per hour, from the following trip model calculation: The capacity of a two lane urban road can be calculated using formula: CA = 1900 NfWfHVPHF g/C CA= intersection approach capacity N = number of lanes on the road segment fW= adjustment factor for lane width = 1 + (W-12)/30 (w is lane width, here 16 ft) fHVadjustment factor for heavy vehicles = 100/ {100 + HV (Er-1)} Where: HV = percent of heavy vehicles and ET= 2.0 passenger car equivalents, Here for outside street of the sub project sites located outside of city traffic, it is assumed thatHV =50% to simulate the congestion effect of heavy vehicles/trucks and low vehicles HF P = Peak Hour Factor = 0.88 is considered for sub project area g/C= effective green time-to-cycle length ratio = 0.55 is considered for sub urban arterials. It has been observed, during ESIA study, that the total vehicle running on the road is less than 100 out of which less than 50 trucks move at market days (markets along the Mymensingh-Tangail road). During the silo and ancillary works' construction, on an average 15-20 more trucks will move per day, on the road. So, no problem will be raised during construction period. Moreover, the construction materials will be carried through river route to avoid traffic on roads. The contractor will be instructed to carry construction materials during evening time (7:00-11:00 PM).  To avoid local traffic congestion, any materials required for construction should be transported at night time (within 7.00 – 11.00 pm),  Vehicle schedule should be maintained with proper consultation with local people,  Emergency parking arrangement should be kept along the boundary wall of new silo campus,  Unloading of materials should be done inside project areas,  Traffic control manpower will be deputed during construction and operation period,  Control sign will be provided to regulate traffic movement,  Safety arrangement has been inserted in the safeguard cost in BOQ. 78 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Pile Casting: In Mymensingh silo site, 600 mm dia and 42m long in-situ piles will be casted/ dived. The pile boring and diving/ casting will be done by diesel driving machineries. Prefabricated pile reinforcement will have to be set up within the pile whole and a huge quantity of concreting works will be done. Safety measures are very much important during the piling works and sound pollution will likely to be occurred also. A huge quantity of bore whole waste (mixture of sand, clay and water) will come out and its proper management is very much essential. Mitigation:  The pile diving machineries should be with proper silencer and muffler to minimize the sound pollution,  The pile waste (mixture of sand, clay and water) should be managed properly. Earlier the site for dumping the waste should be fixed before starting pile diving.  Fabrication of pile case should be done carefully, in a safe corner, by the side of boundary wall.  Concrete mixing should be done in a separate batch plant.  Ensure use of proper PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes etc) of all workers during pile boring and casting work. RCC and Brick Work: This item of works consists of carrying of construction materials (cement, brick/stone chips, construction sand), reinforcement from source to the construction site, unloading from truck, steel fabrication, shuttering works, mixing of concrete using mixture machine, pouring of concrete and compacting of concrete by using vibrator machine, carrying of bricks, building of walls using scaffoldings. All these works will be done by manual labourer, so personal accident may occur during operating the work. Mitigation:  Steel fabrication should be done in a separate corner within the silo campus,  Concrete mixing should be done in a separate batch plant,  For the small concrete works, mixture machine will be used and in that case, sound control will be there through setting muffler and silencer properly to control uneven sound,  Ensure use of proper PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes etc) for all construction workers. Pollution from construction materials: Dumping of construction spoils, including accidental leakage of lubricant, fuel etc. from carrying vehicles in equipment yards, is an important hazard. Both surface and ground water might be polluted from these contaminants. Safe transport, storage and disposal provisions for construction materials, equipment. Especially lubricant, fuels etc. have to be carried out in order to avoid accidental spillage and leakage 79 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Mitigation:  These hazardous materials will be stored over raised platform (brick soling with neat cement finishing)  Carrying vehicle should be checked by an experienced mechanic by every week, filled up a checklist and keep in the site office  Carrying vehicle should be with proper license and route permit from Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA),  Construction material should be transported by covered van/ truck,  The educational institutions' play ground shall not be allowed to use as a stack yard.  Location for stockyards for construction materials will be at least 30 m away from the laborers' camp and sseparate enclosures shall be put around the stock yard,  If any private land is used as stock yard then agreement with the land owner should be submitted to the Supervision consultant.  Storage of the material should not create obstacle for movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Dust: Different activities like; pile diving & casting, machinery movement, handling of construction materials (stone/brick chips, sand, cement), rod fabrication, movement of trucks with construction materials etc. may generate dust and damage the air quality. Mitigation:  Water will be sprayed to control the dust, which is the main way to suppress dust in the working site.  Construction material should be transported through truck covered by tarpaulin. Noise and vibration: Movement of vehicles, concrete mixer machine, vibrator machine and crushing bricks at site generates noise. Pile diving, concrete casting, cutting of steel for reinforcement and steel sheet for silo bins etc. may cause noise hazards. Mitigation:  Transportation of the construction materials have to be carried with scheduled time, mainly day time  All powered mechanical equipment and machinery shall be fitted with noise abating gear such as mufflers for effective sound reducing device.  Crushing of bricks/ stones shall not be allowed at the project site, so broken brick or stone chips should be collected from source to the project for construction purpose.  For concreting works, separate batch plant should be used. 80 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Water Quality: The quality of surrounding surface water may deteriorate if construction debris, construction waste, pile waste, effluent from work camps, food wastes etc. are allowed to dump in the nearby road side borrow pits or haphazardly. Mitigation:  Waste material in any form should not be thrown in water body or unspecified places,  Proper construction management including waste management, training of operators and workers will be provided to avoid pollution of water bodies or nearby habitants.  Waste bins are to be provided at different location of working and living places. Safety Hazards and Public Health: During construction works, specially, during installation of steel frame and sheets at large height of silo bins and other mechanical arrangement of silo bins. Occurrences may be with fall from height, burns, cuts and other body injuries. Mitigation:  Specific condition of contract, for maintaining health, safety and environmental conditions, should strictly be followed during construction and installation,  Proper scaffolding should be made available during installation and setting of steel frame and sheets,  Material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be followed during handling and installation of steel silo bins,  PPE wearing should be ensured during framing, installation, setting and fitting of steel frame and sheets of silo bins,  HSE trainings will be provided to the workers and supervisors of silo site.  First aid boxes will be made available at each construction site.  Emergency phone numbers (hospitals, Fire Service, Police station etc) will be displayed at key locations of silo area.  Firefighting equipment will be made available at the facilities.  Liaison with the community will be maintained.  Traffic movement along Mymensingh-Tangail highway should be synchronized with that for using silo construction works, and contractor shall maintain the traffic movement those will be used in carrying materials. Occupational Safety and Sanitation: It involves the safety problems of the construction workers and the provision for sanitation and drinking water facilities at work sites. Occupational safety is essential during handling construction materials, fabrication of reinforcement steel, handling of steel sheets for silo bins, fitting of steel sheets with bolts & 81 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh nuts, mixing of concrete, welding works, placing & compacting concrete etc. may cause serious health hazards and accident. On the other hand, improper sanitary facilities may also cause health hazards and that may reduce the work efficiency. Mitigation:  Provision of deep tube well for water supply (both for drinking and construction works) and toilets along west-boundary wall, for male/female workers, to be ensured.  First Aid Box with sufficient gauze, bandage, antiseptics etc. to be made available.  Ensure availability and using proper PPE (helmet, gloves, safety glass, safety shoes etc) of all workers during work. Social Conflict: The presence of a large workforce, establishment of construction camps, Project-related traffic and construction activities may potentially cause conflicts with the nearby communities, privacy issues for the women and other similar problems. Mitigation:  Orientation and training will be provided to the contractors, supervisors and workers, on health, safety and environment including sexual diseases control (as of BOQ),  Liaison with the communities will be maintained throughout the construction phase.  Grievance redress mechanism has been established at the sub-project site. Safeguard of Hot-spots: To protect the physical and natural resources around, the following measures shall be taken into consideration:  The machineries to be used shall be checked with proper silencer and muffler,  The materials carrying trucks shall be planned to move during night time,  All the materials carrying trucks/lorry shall be covered properly,  The construction watchers shall keep eyes to the school going children and will not allow them to enter into the silo campus during construction period,  Solid waste disposal shall be well planned to avoid any uneven dumping around,  The construction dust shall be controlled every day Location and Facilities of Labour Camps:  The labor-camp will be at the south side of the silo campus,  The labor shed shall be with the facilities like; mosquito nets, cooking arrangement, water supply, waste bins, lighting etc.  Temporary drains for the kitchen waste water and rain water are to be provided and maintained around camp site,  The camp should be with standard living condition and arrangement. 82 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 6.1.3 Potential Impacts during Operational Phase Safety Hazards and Public Health: The silo bins and ancillary facilities under Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP) has been designed in an automated system, from loading the food grains within the silo bins till bagging the same for distribution, where there is no chance of generating any waste and dust. The use of chiller for temperature control and use of inert gas Nitrogen (auto generated system) for disinfection and that will not impose any harm to human health. Proper capacity building issues will be addressed carefully to handle the system efficiently and effectively. The O&M staff will be trained up to ensure maximum use of technology and to minimize any operational hazard. Mitigation: The following precautionary measures will be taken, in addition:  Each facility will prepare a site specific Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Plan.  Awareness raising programs for health, safety and on communicable diseases,  HSE Plan will be made an integral part of the Operational Manual of each facility.  Material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be followed in overall O&M process.  PPE will be provided to the O&M staff and use of musk shall be mandatory during handling food grains.  HSE trainings will be provided to the O&M staff on a regular basis.  Availability of safe drinking water will be ensured at each facility.  First aid box, with sufficient gauge, bandage, medicine etc. shall be available at each silo site. Emergency phone numbers (hospitals, Fire Service, Police etc.) will be displayed at key locations within the campus.  Firefighting equipment will be made available at the facilities.  All safety precautions will be taken to transport, handle and store hazardous substances, such as fuel.  Waste management plan to be prepared and implemented in accordance with international best practice.  Liaison with the community will be maintained. Impact from Ancillary Facilities: The silo bins is associated with several ancillary facilities like grain chiller; Nitrogen gas disinfection system; mechanical handling system etc. 83 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Grain Chiller itself will not pollute air (it is just like an air cooling system). Inert gas, Nitrogen will be extracted from natural air by Nitrogen gas generator as and when required and to be used in an automatic monitoring and controlled way in the silo bins. So, no special mitigation is required for these chiller and nitrogen gas use, as it will not create any hazard. The mechanical handling systems are in-built with filtration and aspiration system and it will not create any dust pollution. So, there is no need of mitigation measures in case of ancillary system lying with silo bins. Air Quality: Emergency diesel generator and vehicles transporting grains will release exhaust emissions, containing carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Emissions and leakage from the bag filters may also release PM. These emissions can deteriorate the ambient air quality in the immediate vicinity of the project sites. These emissions pose health hazards for the O&M staff and nearby communities. Mitigation: The following measures will address the potentially negative impacts of the Project associated with air quality deterioration:  The vehicular and equipment exhaust should comply with the national standards.  The bag filters will be maintained regularly, ensuring that there is no excessive leakage and release of PM. The emissions from these filters will comply with the national standards for air quality.  Compliance with the standard for ambient air quality will be ensured.  The steel silos to be constructed under has the duct at the dust collection point, which will be attached to a reverse jet bag filter and then to the fan which will vacuum the duct and extract the dust. These suction ducts will be suitably installed at the dump pit of the grain collection point, to the bucket elevator and chain conveyors also to collect dust during operation of silos.  The O&M staff will be provided HSE trainings on regular basis; these trainings will address the issues related to nitrogen gas and hygiene practices also. Soil & Water Contamination: Inappropriate waste disposal from the O&M activities as well as from offices and residential facilities may potentially contaminate soil and water thus negatively affecting nearby communities and biological resources of the area. Mitigation: The following measures will be to minimize adverse impacts of the Project associated with soil and water contamination:  Each facility will have waste management plan as part of its Operations Manual. No untreated waste effluents will be released to the environment. 84 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  For the domestic sewage from the offices and residential areas, appropriate treatment and disposal system, such as septic tanks and soaking pits, will be constructed having adequate capacity.  Waste oils will be collected in drums and sold to the recycling contractors.  The inert recyclable waste from the site (such as hard board, drums, and broken/used parts) will be sold to recycling contractors. The hazardous waste will be kept separate and handled according to the nature of the waste.  Domestic solid waste from the offices and residential areas will be disposed in a manner that does not cause soil contamination. Noise & Vibration: The O&M activities (running of motors, conveyor belts, bag filters, chilling plant and others) at the silos and vehicular traffic will generate noise and vibration which are likely to affect the O&M staff and nearby communities. Mitigation: The following measures will address the adverse impacts of the Project associated with noise and vibration:  It will ensure that the noise from the facility complies with the national and WB standards.  PPE (ear muffs or air plugs) will be provided to the O&M staff  Vehicular traffic through the communities will be avoided as far as possible. Project routes will be authorized by the silo authority.  Vehicle speeds will be kept low, and horns will not be used while passing through or near the communities.  Vehicles will have exhaust silencers to minimize noise generation.  Nighttime traffic will be avoided near the communities.  Movement of all project vehicles and personnel will be restricted to within work areas,  Liaison with the community will be maintained. Grievance redressal mechanism is in place to address the community complaints. Vehicular Traffic: Transportation of food grain to and from silos may cause additional traffic on the access routes. This increased traffic can potentially cause traffic congestions on local roads and also pose safety hazards for the nearby population and community. Mitigation:  To avoid local traffic congestion, transportation of food grains should be transported at night time (within 10.00 pm – 6.00 am), 85 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  Proper vehicle schedule should be maintained with proper consultation of the local people,  Emergency parking arrangement should be kept inside the silo campus,  Unloading and loading of food grains should be done inside project areas,  The PMU, MFSP will prepare a traffic management plan for the silo facility. This plan will be a part of the Operational Manual of each facility.  Liaison will be maintained with the relevant authorities (such as traffic police) regarding the wheat transportation particularly during emergencies. Electricity Consumption: For continuous power supply on priority basis through the 33 KV power line will have to be ensured at the Silo for uninterrupted operation of a silo. If chilling system is interrupted the soil will not meet the required temperature and infestation of soil will be expedited. Mitigation:  Ensure electricity connection from multiple grids.  Keep the provision for backup generator. Aesthetic View: Presence of silos may potentially affect the aesthetic value of the area. Mitigation:  Landscaping and tree plantation will be carried out at each facility.  Proper housekeeping will be regularly maintained at the facilities Safeguard of Physical and Natural Resources: To protect the physical and natural resources around, the following measures shall be taken into consideration, during operation and maintenance:  The silo uploading machineries shall be with proper silencer and muffler,  The bagging and truck loading machines shall also be with proper silencer,  Food grain carrying trucks should be with controlled speed,  The silo guards shall check and limit public/ children entrance properly,  Solid waste management shall be proper to avoid nuisance around. 6.2 Assessment of Social Impacts & Mitigation 6.2.1 Social Screening To assess the potential impacts of the proposed project on environment and people around the silo facilities, social screening of the site for construction of modern public silo infrastructures was carried out through the following social screening checklist: Table 6.1: Social Screening 86 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Site Name Availability of Land Acquisition process Impact on Tribal Land Population Mymensingh silo DG-Food owned The area is within the confined None at CSD site land area of CSD under DG-Food, so no question of acquisition process. 6.2.2 Impacts on Indigenous People The silo sites did not affect any people from the tribal communities. The World Bank's OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples therefore, does not apply to the project as a whole. None of the indigenous community would be affected by the project activities. 6.2.3 Social Exclusion The objectives of the project are to improve food stock and supply of food grains during emergencies and at the events of disaster. The project is expected to benefit the communities in the target areas. Although the project intends to benefit communities from all strata, there is no risk of inequity with the issues like; gender, ethnicity and other social stratification of beneficiaries from the silo facility. The disadvantaged groups like the small ethnic and other minorities, women, disabled and very poor populations will be equally treated during any event of disaster. Social safeguard issues has been incorporated along with the environmental safeguard issues. 6.2.4 Impacts Due to Non-Local Work Force Increased number of out-side workers during construction may pose a risk to public health and to some extent spread of STDs including HIV/AIDS. Social and environmental management plans has been incorporated to address such impacts. 6.2.5 Impacts on Local Infrastructure The Silo campus is in Khagdahar area, within the existing CSD campus, is at about 3.00 km from the town area and 5.00 km from the main town area, by the side of Mymensingh- Tangail highway. The construction works will be commenced within the confined CSD area and local community will not be affected. 6.2.6 Impacts on Conflict of Labor Influx Conflicts may occur between local residents who may feel that they have received unfair wages. During construction and operation phases external worker from outside the project area will be deployed. Then conflict may also occur between local residents and external workers because of any changes to local customs if external workers cannot understand local customs. A number of consultations have been conducted with local residents about local conflict of interest. Local people should be employed for the construction works to the maximum extent possible, and any workers from other countries should be taught to respect local customs in 87 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh order to facilitate good relationships with local people. The lodgings of the project workers should be equipped with sufficient living facilities to keep workers at the project site as much as possible. To minimize the adverse impacts of temporary project induced labor influx the consultants suggested to the project authority to follow the World Bank guidance note for “Managing the Risk of Adverse Impacts on Communities from Temporary Project Induced Labor Influx” (Managing the risks of adverse impacts on communities from temporary project induced labor influx, Environmental and Social Safeguards Advisory Team (ESSAT); Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS); 1 December 2016) during the implementation and monitoring of this subproject. The Guidance Note focuses on the assessment and management of social and environmental risks and impacts, both anticipated and unanticipated, from the influx of labor into a project area. 6.2.7 Project Benefits Mymensingh, within Khagdahar area, is located strategically in terms of storage of rice; it is connected by road and placed in the central part of Bangladesh. Rice will be collected, from food surplus haor areas and from different food surplus areas within greater Mymensingh Districts, by road and will be delivered to the surrounding LSDs, and will meet up emergency during and after any disaster (like early flash flood, cold wave, flood etc.), in the similar transport pattern. So, Mymensingh is well located in terms of food storage and distribution that the surplus food storage during harvesting period as well to meet up the emergency during any disaster period. The silo facilities are more efficient than flat warehouses. The silo can be constructed within smaller horizontal areas than normal traditional flat system godowns. The rice may be stored more efficiently, where loss (in terms of quantity and quality) is minimum and the quality of rice will be sustained for longer periods. The silo facility has wonderful opportunity of blending vitamin and mineral enriched rice kernels to the stored rice to improve the health of the people, especially for child and lactating mother. Modernizing the current food storage system in the country will result in improved storage capacity at national level to make available food stock the emergency and disaster periods. The project will help ensure food and nutritional security to the communities, particularly in the disaster periods. By enhancing the post-disaster food distribution system, the project will serve to safeguard livelihood, human capital and welfare of the poor and vulnerable populations. 6.2.8 Social Welfare Works by the Project Authority During the environmental and social data and information collection process, type of effects, their advantage and disadvantages etc. were analysed mainly on the issues like; Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, Bird, Animal, Forestry, Income, Employment, Movement of local people, Tourism, Business, Industry, Archeological and Historical Side, Health, Literacy Rate etc. Different effects found are mentioned in the following table. 88 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 6.2: Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Sl Issues Advantages/ Disadvantages/ No effect 1. Agriculture No Effect: As there is no issue of land development. 2. Fish No effect: Surface water bodies, except some road side ditches, far away 3. Livestock No effect: as, the construction will be within confined area. 4. Bird No effect: as, the construction will be within confined area. 5. Animal No effect: as, the construction will be within confined area. 6. Forestry No effect: as, there is no cutting of trees, also new plantation will be done 7. Income Advantage: Construction works will create business opportunity 8. Employment Advantage: Construction works will create employment opportunity 9. Movement of people Disadvantage: Due to increased movement of goods, vehicles, people. 10. Tourism Advantage: Tourism will be developed through movement & migration. 11. Business Advantage: The food processing, rice husking etc. will be developed. 12. Industry Advantage: Industries will be developed during the silo operation. 13. Archeological Side No effect: No effect will be there on archeological infrastructure Historical side No effect: No effect will be there on historical infrastructure 14. Health Disadvantage: Adverse effect may be due to external workers 15. Literacy Rate Advantage: Literacy rate may be increased due to the presence of more educated people and workers during and after construction operation. 89 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 7. ARRANGEMENT OF SILO BINS AND ANCILLARY FACILITIES 7.1 General The Mymensingh Silo Campus is within the protected CSD area of 21.00 acres of land, by the side of Mymensingh-Tangail highway, within the boundary wall. Within this 21.00 acres of land, 6.00 acres of vacant land, within the CSD campus, has been developed (during preparatory works) where 16 nos. silo bins and a number of ancillary facilities are to be accommodated. The ancillary facilities are; Guard room by the new silo gate site, Truck scale, Sampling house, Laboratory house with weight control room, Truck parking area, Bulk truck receiving area (26x16m), Control room (9x10m), Bulk elevator tower (8.9x6m size), Surges bin tower, Bulk house (12x15m size), Bagging house (30x18m size), Empty gunny bag godown (7.5x24m size), Workshop cum store (12.6x15.4m), Sub-station (17x10m), Inspection bungalow, Silo office, Car parking, Public toilet (4.8x7.8m area), Canteen, Four storied dormitory for support staff, three storied Officers dormitory, Fortified rice bags receiving area (6x18m size) etc. The Designers arranged all the silo bins and the ancillary facilities very effectively (please refer to the figure 3.3, the layout plan for the silo and ancillary works). 7.2 Safeguard facilities during Construction works For the environmental and social safeguard compliances, the construction and installation of water supply and sanitation facilities, along with the labor-camp placement, will have to be done very carefully. The areas, near the office building (constructed during preparatory works), along the boundary wall side, will be suitable for setting the workers' facilities like labor-shed, toilet and solid waste management. Cleaning of labor-camp site, etc. will have to be accommodated very cautiously, because of the existing CSD facilities, no disturbance will be allowed to the existing CSD godowns and related facilities. Also, the toilet facilities may be accommodated along the boundary wall side. Precaution is to be made on cleaning the living and toiletry facilities, because, the whole works will be commenced within the existing CSD areas. The Supervision Consultant's Engineer and the Contractor will take a careful decision for setting the workers' facilities, material stocking yard etc. within the limited area. The Contractor will have to separate areas for large scale stock piling, crushing of bricks or stones, fabrication of steel sheets for the silo bins etc. 90 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 7.1: Arrangement of labor camp, stockpiles, water source, latrines etc. 91 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 7.3 Traffic Management The Silo Campus is adjacent to the Mymensingh-Tangail highway. There is another alternative route of waterway that may be suitable to carry coarse and fine aggregates from Sylhet, Sunamganj areas. The waterway may also be used to carry the construction materials as maximum as possible. The materials carrying vehicles may use either Dhaka- Mymensingh-Tangail route or Chittagong-Mymensingh-Tangail route. The vehicles for construction and installation will be only through this road. The use of transport routes may follow the following sequences:  The construction materials like stone/ brick chips, sand (both local and Sylhet sand) may be brought from Sylhet/Sunamganj area,  Steel Rod for reinforcement works may be from Chittagong via Mymensingh,  Cement may be purchased and brought from Chittagong via Mymensingh,  The Steel Sheet (pre-fabricated) for the silo bins may be brought from Chittagong Port or Dhaka to the project site via Mymensingh. Proper traffic management is necessary during carrying construction materials. The environmental and social safeguard issues have been accommodated with the engagement of people for traffic management during construction and operation periods (also traffic arrangements are shown in figure 7.2). 7.4 Residential Arrangement for the Silo Experts The Contractor may have to arrange some residential arrangements for the International and National Experts, during construction periods. In that case, the Contractor will be able to rent houses in the Mymensingh town area which is only at 3.5-5.0 km from the silo site. 7.5 Solid waste Management support from Pourashava The Contractor may have an arrangement with Mymensingh Pourashava for the solid waste management activities and that must be synchronized with the existing CSD infrastructures and facilities. In that case, a temporary transfer station is to be constructed by the roadside and that transfer station should be confined by proper shade and boundary wall, the Pourashava garbage carrying truck will carry the waste to the landfill station. The Contractor will have to make an arrangement with the Pourashava Conservancy unit for the solid waste management system. 92 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 7.2: Transportation arrangement around silo area during construction period 93 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) aims to ensure the compliance of all activities undertaken during implementation and operation of the sub-project with the environmental and social safeguard requirements of both the World Bank and Government of Bangladesh. Furthermore, it aims to integrate the environmental and social mitigation measures needed for the sub-project. The plan consists of mitigation, monitoring and institutional arrangements to be undertaken during implementation and operation to eliminate adverse impacts, offset them, or reduce them to an acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures. 8.1 Objectives of the ESMP The basic objective of the ESMP is to manage, prevent, and mitigate the adverse impacts due to the sub-project interventions in a way that minimizes the adverse impact on the environment and the people around Mymensingh Silo/CSD areas and specifically to:  Facilitate the implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures identified during the present ESIA.  Assign responsibilities of the PMU, MFSP and Contractors for the environmental and social management of the Project;  Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters to ensure effective implementation of the ESMP.  Assess environmental training required for different stakeholders at various levels.  Describe communication and documentation requirements. 8.2 Environmental and Social Management and Mitigation Plan Environmental and Social Management and Mitigation Plan summarizes the potential impacts, corresponding to, (i) preventive measures during pre-construction/design period, (ii) both preventive and mitigation measures during construction phase and (iii) preventive and mitigation measures during operation period. The plan is also for setting the responsibilities of different level of stakeholders with specific task and function. There will be an indication of timeframe for effective implementation of ESMP. Potential impacts have been assessed according to magnitude (minor, moderate, major), sensitivity and impact duration (Temporary or Permanent) and are presented in a manner that shows magnitude, sensitivity and duration of a particular impact. Level of duration and magnitude assumed without mitigation measures. 94 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Management /Mitigation Plan Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Impact(s) Implementation Supervision Pre-Construction stage Site Preparation Measures for environmental Environmental safeguard issues were Included with the Contractor PMU, MFSP (already done) safeguard during added in the BOQ of site preparatory BOQ of preparatory preparatory works works works Traffic Traffic load will be  Extra man-power will have to be Cost for traffic control Contractor PMU, MFSP movement plan increased on Mymensingh- provided to control the traffic has been included in Tangail highway, during movement. the BOQ construction. Also traffic congestion may arise along  Most of the construction materials will with the trucks' movement be carried from Chittagong, Sylhet, for old CSD food grains Sunamganj areas.  Water way will also be used to carry construction materials Design Foundation works for the  Pile design for silo bins has been Cost has been Design PMU, MFSP Considerations silo bins, consideration of completed as per soil test report. included in the BOQ Consultants pile design  Foundation for the ancillary facilities has been designed according to sub- soil test.  Design of construction of silos and his associated facilities has been ensured safe from potential risk of flooding and inundation as well as storm surges from Brahmaputra River. 95 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Impact(s) Implementation Supervision Anticipated contamination  Appropriate waste collection and Cost for waste Contractor PMU, MFSP of soil and water around, disposal systems has been adapted with collection system and during construction works the environmental and social safeguard temporary drainage compliance issues system has been included in the BOQ.  Temporary drainage facilities have been incorporated with environmental management plan.  Proper drainage system and on-site sanitation system has been considered during design works Construction of If not controlled and  The labor camp has been considered Cost has been Contractor PMU, MFSP labor camp maintained properly, along the boundary wall site (east side estimated and items impacts will be there on of CSD area). have been surrounding environment. incorporated in the  Proper sanitation and waste collection BOQ system are to be provided along with the labor-camp. Construction stage Earthwork Slope, erosion and dust  Care to be taken during any excavation Included in the BOQ. Contractor PMU, MFSP blowing, during earth work work, for any foundation work  Dust blowing is to be controlled by providing water spray every day 96 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Impact(s) Implementation Supervision Noise Increase of noise level of  Noise level to be measured According to overall Contractor PMU, MFSP the construction site. periodically, near the middle of Environmental Increasing noise level developed area, Management plan in during construction addition to  Proper scheduling of transportation of Compliance included works may disturb to the material and noise generating in BOQ nearby physical and equipment/ works, social infrastructures like  All vehicles and equipment used in school, mosque etc. construction shall be fitted by exhaust silencers, maintain regularly to minimize noise level. Dust Dust is generated during  Construction materials should be BOQ is with the issues Contractor PMU, MFSP vehicle movement, material carried by the covered vehicle (environmental carrying and construction safeguard)  Spraying should be done every day, works during construction period Surface water Chance of contamination of  Ensuring wastes/effluent disposal BOQ is with the Contractor PMU, MFSP surface water around, properly, environmental during construction period  Ensuring solid waste management safeguard issues properly. Water Logging During construction work  Temporary earthen drain will be As per BOQ of Contractor PMU, MFSP and in rainy season, water constructed to drain out rain water. bidding document logging may occur  Temporary earthen drain is to be provided with the labor camp Vehicular Materials carrying vehicles  Speed limits will be enforced for the Environmental Contractor PMU, MFSP Traffic may damage environment Project vehicles. Management plan, of the CSD and may be a environmental  Reduced speed in the CSD area. disturbance to nearby safeguard compliance 97 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Impact(s) Implementation Supervision physical and social  Safety signage should be placed at the cost in BOQ institutions. work sites (both road side and in the CSD/ silo areas Public Health Due to migrated workforce,  The contractor will engage local people Environmental Contractors PMU, MFSP and Safety infectious diseases may be as maximum as possible, Management plan, there in and around  Health checking should be done, environmental Mymensingh CSD/ silo site specially for migrated people, safeguard compliance cost in BOQ  Workshop and training will be with the workers & supervisors. Social and Some issues related to  Workshops with the surrounding Expense is included in Contractors PMU, MFSP Gender Issues society and gender may be community people, leaders will be the environmental and raised during construction arranged. social safeguard works  Grievance redress mechanism has been compliance BOQ established at silo site Children’s right Child labor may be engaged  Contractor shall avoid the engagement Clear indication is Contractors PMU, MFSP during construction of child labor force, there in the tender documents.  Patrolling periodically to check for any child labor At the end of Any unwanted  At the completion of work, the Expense is included in Contractor PMU, MFSP construction substances may be left contractor shall remove all unwanted contract cost. works i.e. during behind, at the end of material from the site, completion stage construction, may lead  The cleaning of construction site environmental pollution should be done properly. and damage to the  Damaged equipment, debris, waste and aesthetic views and may unusable materials should be cleaned cause disturbance to from the campus and those are to be nearby physical and 98 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Impact(s) Implementation Supervision cultural resources disposed properly. Operation and Maintenance stage Chiller System Chiller system has been In the silo bins, an improved control, of Cost has been D&S Consultant PMU, MFSP and use of adapted in the modern insect and fungie, has been adapted and included in the Nitrogen food storage facilities designed. Design & Supervision bidding document project, instead of using Consultant has designed the system. Fumigation (AP) system. In addition, Nitrogen gas The use of Nitrogen gas will be will be used for insect automatically controlled and there is no and fungal control. chance of any hazard due to use of nitrogen gas for disinfection. Public Health The total system (from  Proper care will be undertaken Environmental Contractors PMU, MFSP and Safety food grain loading to during maintenance of bin sheets at Management plan, bagging) is automated the operation phase, environmental and mechanised. Some safeguard  Capacity building, including on- problem may be raised compliance cost in the-job training shall be continued during maintenance of during O&M phase. BOQ steel of bins at outside. Traffic for grain Noise levels may Awareness building and administrative BOQ (O&M phase) D&S Consultant DG-Food transportation increase due to measures should be taken to regulate movement of more vehicles during operation and may be a disturbance to the nearby physical and social institutions 99 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sub-project Potential Mitigation Measures Estimated Responsibility Activity Environmental Mitigation Cost Impact(s) Implementation Supervision Children’s Right Child labor engagement  Prohibit child-labor engagement, BOQ (O&M phase) D&S Consultant DG-Food  Patrolling periodically to check child labor engagement Operation of May cause air quality Controlled vehicular movement, BOQ (O&M phase) D&S Consultant DG-Food Machinery and deterioration and noise Regular monitoring air quality, equipments level may also be increased and may be a Arrangement of HSE training to workers and supervisors, disturbance to the nearby physical and social Regular monitoring noise quality, institutions Ensure PPE to the O&M staff Waste management plan as part of its operation & maintenance, On-site sanitation system should be with proper septic tank, Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Plan is to be developed, Health and awareness building orientation workshop to be arranged time to time, Material safety data sheet (MSDS) will be followed to handle aluminum sulphide and other hazardous chemicals. 100 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan 8.3.1 General Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan has been prepared to provide guidelines for environmental and social management plan during the construction and operation phases. The environmental and social components will be monitored during construction period and the monitoring will be continued up to certain period of silo operation. Environmental and social management and monitoring plan is an essential tool to keep the base environment undisturbed as well as to upgrade the environmental standard of the sub-project area. The major environmental impact, monitoring method, responsibility, expenses, time period etc. are illustrated in table 8.2. 8.3.2 Objectives of the ESMoP The objective of environmental and social monitoring plan during the construction and operation phases is to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the study period to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient environment based on national standards. The main objectives of the pre-construction, construction and operation phase monitoring plans will be to:  Monitor the actual impact of the works on physical, biological and socioeconomic receptors in and around the sub-project area.  Recommend mitigation measures for preventing adverse impacts and to control impacts at its acceptable limit.  Ensure compliance with legal and community obligations including safety on construction sites;  Ensure the safe disposal of excess construction materials.  Ensure measures to protect and improve physical, biological and socio-economic environmental standards for long time. 101 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 8.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Environmental Management Means of Parameters Frequency Responsibility Indicator Monitoring Implementation Supervision Air Quality Measurement of air Portable air quality CO, SOx, Nox, Once in every Contractor PMU, MFSP quality measuring machine SPM three month Dust Control Spraying of water Visual - During creation of Contractor PMU, MFSP dust Noise Control Measurement of noise Portable noise Noise level (dB) Once in every Contractor PMU, MFSP level measuring machine three month Waste Collection, Inspection Different types Daily Contractor PMU, MFSP management transportation and of waste disposal of solid waste. Health and safety Monitoring health and Inspection PPEs Daily Contractor PMU, MFSP safety of workers Water quality Surface and ground Inspection and Organic & Once in every Contractor through PMU, MFSP water Water analysis inorganic three month an agency through a government approved laboratory like DPHE, BUET etc. Infectious Monitoring affected Engaging Physician No. of affected Twice in a year Contractor PMU, MFSP Disease people if any person HIV/AIDS Traffic movement Nos. of vehicle Inspection & record No. of vehicle daily Contractor PMU, MFSP movement keeping 102 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 8.4 EMP in Bidding Document The following items have been incorporated as ESMP in the bidding document: Table 8.3: Cost of ESMP Item Description of Item Amount (Tk.) Environmental and Social Mitigation and Enhancement Works 1. a) Temporary Camp for the laborers with the facilities of cooking, utensils, 1,50,000.00 washing, disposal of solid waste and providing waste bins etc. are to be with entire satisfaction of Engineer-in-charge (EC) b) Prevention of spillage, leakages of polluting materials, i.e. arrangement of 30,000.00 keeping fuel, lubricant, kerosene, mobil etc. for which a pucca platform (at least 100 sq. ft with brick soling and plastering), as per satisfaction of EC 2. a) Adequate supply of potable water for ensuring; drinking purpose, household 2, 00,000.00 purpose, washing, using in construction works. The water quality should be tested in the standard testing laboratory in Bangladesh, specifically but not limited with the standard test results for the parameters like; pH (6.5-8.5), Iron (0.3-1 mg/L), Arsenic (0.05 mg/L), Aluminium (0.2 mg/L), Ammonia (0.5 mg/L), Chromium total (0.05 mg/L), Manganese (0.1 mg/L), Salinity (0%) and the whole works to be done to the entire satisfaction of EC b) Sanitation: 4 nos. of Toilets; at two separate corners as directed by EC. 100000.00 c) Providing First Aid Box with sufficient gauge, bandage, antiseptic cream, 20,000.00 antiseptic lotion and with sufficient medicine with the satisfaction of EC 3. Rehabilitation of whole areas including stockpile, brick crushing sites, borrow 100,000.00 areas, workforce camp to the entire satisfaction of the EC 4. Construction of temporary earthen drain and its maintenance during rains to 50,000.00 drain out the surface water during rains and construction 5 Providing personal protection equipment (PPE); 20 pairs-hand gloves, 20 150,000.00 pairs-gumboot, 20-approne, 20-eye protecting glass, 20-Helmets etc. Sub-total 800,000 Construction phase 1 Air quality 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 2 Water quality 8400.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 25200.00 3 Waste management L.S 50000.00 4 Noise and vibration 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 5 Ecosystem (Flora and Fauna) 20000.00 Fisheries ecosystem 10000.00 6 Work environment (Including Safety) 20000.00 7 Accidents 20000.00 8 Awareness building Program on HIV/AIDS 50000.00 Sub-total 255200 Operation Stage 1 Air quality 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 2 Water quality 8400.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 25200.00 3 Noise and Vibration 10000.00Tk x 1 point x 3 quarter = 30000.00 4 Work Environment (Including Safety) 50000.00 5 Accidents 50000.00 6 Tree Plantation 500000.00 Sub-total 685200 Grand total 1740,400.00 In Word: Tk. Seventeen Lac Forty Thousand and Four Hundred Only 103 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 8.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism A grievance can be defined as an actual or perceived problem that might give grounds for complaint. As a general policy, DG-Food along with the MFSP will work proactively towards arising and minimizing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. The Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) sets out the information and communications strategy to ensure that PAPs and communities are fully informed about their rights to offer suggestions and make complaints, and the different mechanisms through which they can do so, including grievances through creating more sounds during construction, pollution through improper solid waste management, traffic disturbance during the movement of more vehicles during construction and operation phases etc. This will be the responsibility of the PMU, CSC, and contractors and persons designated to be responsible for stakeholder liaison. The objectives of GRM are:  Potential impacts and effects that are most likely to give rise to grievances for this Project are related to:  Mitigation to any disturbance during construction and operation phases,  Distribution of employment opportunities;  Construction noise, vibration, surface water pollution, waste management etc control,  Presence of a construction labor force and its effects on neighboring villages, local services and infrastructure. Any stakeholder (individual or organization) will be able to submit a grievance to the Project if they believe a practice is running with adverse impact on community, the environment, or on their quality of life. They may also submit comments and suggestions. Grievances could include:  Adverse impacts on a person or a community (financial/physical lose, nuisance);  Dangers to health and safety or the environment;  Failure of PMU, MFSP, its contractors and their workers or drivers to comply with standards or legal obligations;  Harassment of any nature;  Criminal activity;  Improper conduct or unethical behavior;  Financial malpractice or impropriety or fraud; and  Attempts to conceal any of the above. DG-Food will establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to answer to queries and address complaints and grievances about any irregularities in using the guidelines adopted in 104 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh the project implementation. DG-Food will form Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) for silo sites consisting of memberships to ensure proper presentation of complaints and grievances, as well as impartial hearings and transparent decisions. Based on consensus, the GRM will help to resolve issues/conflicts amicably and quickly, saving the aggrieved persons resorting to expensive, time-consuming legal actions. The GRM will however not preempt an aggrieved person’s right to go to the courts of law. The GRC at the silo level will have the following memberships: 1. Project Coordinator, Silo Site, MFSP, DG-Food Convener 2. Technical Site Specialist, Silo Site, MFSP, DG-Food Member Secretary 3. Councilor / Member of the respective City Corporation / Member Pourashava / Union Parishad 4. Women Councilor / Member of the respective City Member Corporation / Pourashava / Union Parishad 5. Project Affected Person / Beneficiaries / Stakeholder of Member  the respective silo site The Silo Chief at each site will designate an official to receive complaints/grievances and to pass on to the GRC Convener. The official will maintain a grievance register with names of the complainants, dates complaints received, brief descriptions of the complaints and other relevant information. The official will acknowledge receipt of the complaints by giving written evidence to the complainants, and inform the GRC Convener. The convener will schedule the hearings in two weeks and inform the complainant accordingly. If the GRC decision is not acceptable to the complainant, the case – with the hearing minutes – will be sent to the Silo Chief in a week. If a case is still not resolved, the convener will send it to the DG-Food with minutes of the previous hearings and other information. The final decision will be made at this level and communicated to the complainants. The entire process will be completed in no more than four weeks.   For recordkeeping, the DG-Food will compile information on the number of different types of complaints / grievances received, number of cases resolved at different levels of hearing and review, decisions given in favor and against the complainants. As and when requested, DG-Food will share the information with the World Bank and other stakeholders. 105 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 8.6 Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation The institutional arrangements required for implementation of the EMP are discussed below. A flow chart for implementation arrangement is added in Figure 8.1. Chart I: Implementation Arrangement of BMFSFP Project Steering Committee (PSC) Secretaries of Planning, Agriculture, Forestry, Environment, Finance, and Disaster Management; BADC, Deputy Commissioners of Districts, DG Food Ministry of Food Secretary to PSC Overall Implementation Responsibility Occupational Health Directorate General, Food Directorate General, Food Planning and Monitoring Unit and Safety (Component A, B2, C) (FPMU), (Component B1) Project Management Unit Specialist, Sr. (PMU) Environment Specialist Social Sr. Project Coordinators at Each Site Figure 8-2 Implementation Step Up of the Project 106 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 8.6.1 Implementation Responsibility The Project proponent (DG Food) will be overall responsible for the implementation of EMP through consultants and contractors. The staff of the proponent, consultants and contractors who are responsible for ensuring the implementation of the EMP needs to have the capability to handle the complexities and spirit of management strategies. Training and workshops will need to be arranged involving proponent, consultants and contractors to share the issues of environmental and social protection. A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established under the DG Food’s office for day–to-day implementation and monitoring the project activities. The PMU is headed by a Project Director who is assisted by; (i) Deputy-Project Director and Assistant Deputy Project Director, and a number of consultants like; (i) technical specialists (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical); (ii) Senior Procurement Specialist, and Procurement Analyst; (iii) Senior Financial Management Specialist, and Accountant, (iv) Senior Environmental Specialist, (v) Senior Social Specialist, and (vi) Senior Communication Specialist. Each Silo site is headed by the Project Coordinator for coordination with the contractors, consultants and local administration, along with a Technical Supervision Specialist. The Senior Environment Specialist is responsible for ensuring the adequacy of environmental safeguard issues in the Bidding Document (BOQ) and ensure the quality of Environmental Action Plan (EAP), that will be developed and submitted by the contractor before starting the work (Sample EAP is attached in the annex-M). The field level environmental specialist (D & S Consultant) will be on board before commencement of the construction work. 8.6.2 Construction Phase Environment Specialist in PMU. The Senior Environmental Specialist (SES) of PMU will have to ensure implementation of EMP and other environmental safeguard issues. The SES is responsible for maintaining liaison with WB safeguards team, regulatory agencies and other stakeholders during the Project implementation. The SES will also coordinate with the environmental staff of the Construction Supervision Consultants. Supervision Consultant’s Environment Monitor. The Supervision Consultants will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site-based Environment Monitor (EM) at each construction site (before starting the construction works). The EMs will monitor and supervise the EMP implementation at the field level. The EMs will maintain coordination with SES at the PMU level and supervise and monitor the construction works. The EMs need to be a graduate preferably in environmental science/engineering with at least 5 years’ experience in the related field. Contractor’s Environment Supervisor. The construction contractors will have dedicated, properly qualified and experienced, site-based Environment Supervisors (ESs) at each construction site. The ESs will be responsible to implement various aspects of the EMP particularly the mitigation measures to ensure that the environmental impacts of the construction works remain within acceptable limits. The ESs will maintain coordination with the EMs at the site level. 107 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 8.6.3 Operation Phase The (Health, Safety and Environment) HSE function will be a key element of the operation and maintenance arrangements at each of the silo facility. Dedicated HSE personnel will be part of the O&M staff and will be responsible to prepare and then implement the relevant parts of the Operations Manual for ensuring health and safety during project operation. 8.7 Training Plan A series of training programs has been proposed under the MFSP Silo project to enhance the skills of the MFSP as well as contractor staff in environmental aspects especially Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Safeguard arrangements. The Environmental and Social consultants (PMU and D&S consultants) will be responsible for imparting training to the engineers and supervisors engaged in construction and operation works. The, following training programs are to be included for effective implementation of environmental safeguard issues during construction period and operation stages:  Implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and auditing of Environmental Management System (EMS)  Documentation requirements of ISO 14001 2004  Internal and external communications  Internal audit A training plan is provided the following Table 8.4. Table 8.4: Environmental and Social Training Plan Contents Participants Responsibility Schedule  Environmental issues related to Silo DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU Prior to start the Project Construction and associated facilities MFSP staff and and D&S activities. under MFSP Contractor staff Consultant) (to be repeated as  Environment policy & legislation of needed.) Bangladesh, guidelines on Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) safeguards of co-financiers  Environmental and social safeguard DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU During and after issues required during construction MFSP staff and and D&S construction works works and remedial measures for adverse Contractors’ Consultant) impacts during construction works.. Crew  Environmental and social safeguard issues during operation and maintenance of Silo Bins.  Chiller and Nitrogen use system during operation for silos.  Environmental parameters' quality DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU During and after measurement activities required during MFSP staff and and D&S construction works construction works, Contractor's Consultant)  Mitigation measures with the staff environmental parameters during operation phases 108 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh  Monitoring and checking the ecological DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU During and after parameters around, during construction MFSP staff and D&S construction works works. Consultant)  Reporting of environmental monitoring  Waste disposal; Construction MFSP (PMU Prior to start the Project  HSE crew and D&S activities. Consultant) (to be repeated as needed.  HSE during Operation Phase DG-Food/ MFSP (PMU Prior to start the Project MFSP staff and D&S activities. Consultant) (to be repeated as needed. 109 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 9.1 General Public Consultation was made with different level of people in and around Mymensingh CSD areas. The people are now fully aware of the activities of modern steel silo projects. During the consultation meetings and interactions, the sub-project, its benefit etc. were elaborated by the consultation team (environmental and social). The consultations were made with different level of people like, local elected persons, community leaders, mosque Imam, businessmen, rice husking factories in and around Mymensingh CSD areas. The direct and indirect beneficiaries, like workers, businessmen, people of all level etc. of the existing CSD at Mymensingh were also consulted. The target of such consultation was to finalize the environmental and social safeguard compliance issues to be considered during pre- construction phase, construction phase and operation phase, including the options for rice storage, fortification, bagging and distribution of rice during disaster period. The probability of impacts on local peoples' business and employment was also judged through such consultation. Such stakeholders' engagement is an integral part of ESIA preparation and is a statutory requirement of the ESIA legal framework in Bangladesh on Environmental and Social Safeguards. The consultation program for the Project is based on informed consultation and participation in line with ESIA requirements with the people, and such consultations were made during October 2016. 9.2 Objectives The objective of stakeholder consultation is to finalize the environmental and social safeguard compliance issues to be incorporated in the ESMP. The consultation was done for the following specific objectives:  to find the legal obligations are involved with the silo construction works at Mymensingh CSD area,  to find out the probable ways to avoid traffic congestion during carrying construction materials,  to find out the best possible ways to adapt solid waste management options to be applied for Mymensingh CSD/ silo campus,  to find out the water supply, sanitation etc. facilities to be involved during construction and operation,  to find safety options for construction of silo and ancillary facilities in Mymensingh.  to identify the stakeholders affected and/or with an interest in the sub-project area,  describe how the views and issues raised have informed and influenced the development of the sub-project; and  outline the future plans and approach to stakeholder engagement. 110 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 9.3 Consultation with various Stakeholders A stakeholder is defined as any individual or group who is potentially affected by the proposed Project or can they affect the proposed Project directly or indirectly. Stakeholder consultation is an inclusive process for sharing information that enables stakeholders to understand the risks, impacts, and opportunities of a development or project, allowing them to express their views and articulate their perceptions towards it. Through the project preparation stage extensive consultations/FGDs have been arranged during the conduct of the ESIA surveys. The details of FGDs are given in the following Table 9.1. The findings of the FGDs are summarized in Table 9.2 and the details of these FGDs are given in Appendix L. Table 9.1: Details of FGDs FGD No. Type of Participants No. of Participants 1 Local People 15 2 Local People 15 3 Local People 15 4 Local People 15 Total 60 111 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Figure 9.1: Photos of Focus Group Discussions 112 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Table 9.2: Summary of the FGD Questions for discussion Answer, Opinion, Comments and Suggestions Are you aware of the activities of Yes. The details of the project were shared with us, earlier. Silo- the sub-project? If yes, what are bins will be constructed to store surplus food during harvesting they? period and distribution of food during/after a disaster. Any air pollution in the area due The area is away from the community, by the side of to the project activities? If yes, Mymensingh-Tangail highway, within the CSD confined area how to mitigate? and the project authority will take necessary measures to control air pollution, Noise- impact in the locality There will be a little noise impact, due to pile driving, vehicular during construction and movement etc. but the project authority will have to minimise operation? How to mitigate? the noise. Any impact on local soil due to the The construction will be within the confined area, within project activities? If yes, how to boundary wall, and no impact will be occurred on the soil. mitigate? Any impact on ground water/ There is no problem with the groundwater quality because of drinking water quality due to the the construction. However, the project proponent should project? If yes, how to mitigate? confirm that no accidental spillage or washout of hazardous/waste material to surrounding water bodies during construction; particularly in the monsoon. Any impact on the surface water There project authority will control waste water during body (river, pond, khal, beel, canal construction and operation. They will also control the accidental etc.)? If yes, how to mitigate? spillage or washout of hazardous/waste material to surrounding water bodies during construction; particularly in the monsoon. Any impact on drainage system? No; the project authority will design the drainage system to If yes, how to mitigate? drain out storm water and onsite sanitation system for septage management, keeping synchronization with CSD campus. Any impact due to on site or Waste will be generated, no doubt, during construction and offsite disposal of construction operation, both from silo areas and the residential areas, but the waste or household waste ? If yes, project authority will have to manage all type of wastes in how to mitigate? synchronization with those issues of CSD campus. Is the proposed area inundated No, the area is not inundated during rainy season. during flood? If yes, how much? Environmental Protected Area No, there is no such EPA around/ in the vicinity (EPA) around? Environmental Sensitive Area No, there is no such ESA around/ in the vicinity (ESA) around? Will the project lead to any No. The vacant land within the CSD campus will be used for agricultural land loss/crop loss? Silo sub-project. Will the project increase the Yes. The food storage will help supplying food in emergency disaster preparedness of the situation right after a disaster. And thus it will increase the country? disaster preparedness of the local community and country. Will the project help in meeting Yes. After a disaster, the storage will meet up the emergency food security needs caused by food supply and thus it will help in meeting food security needs disaster induced food shortage? caused by disaster food shortage. 113 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Will the project stabilize the food Yes. If there is enough food stored, then the price of the food price? will be stabilized too. Will the project reduce storage Yes. This modern food storage facility is an improved losses? technology, which will reduce storage losses, than that of conventional food storage systems. Will the project be helpful for the Yes. the scarcity of food will be reduced and price of the food poor and vulnerable? will be stabilized even after a disaster which will ultimately be helpful to the poor and vulnerable group. Does the project involve any land The land is owned by DG-Food, and there are a number of food acquisition or involuntary storage godowns, and within the CSD, some vacant land about resettlement? 6 acres of land will be used for Silo construction. Does the project need demolishing No. But, in future, some old and unused godowns will be of any structure? dismantled and will be kept for further development. Will the project lead to destruction No destruction of trees will take place, however, the project of trees and vegetations? authority is very careful in landscape development and tree plantation. Does the project require land The land filling has already been done during the preparatory filling? If yes, what is the source of works. The sandy soil was carried from far places by the land filling material/soil? engaged Contractor. Will there be any traffic During carrying construction materials, traffic load will be disturbance due to construction increased than at present. The materials will either be carried material and wastes from Sunamganj, Sylhet areas. Emphasis will be given to carry transportation? materials from Chittagong and Sylhet areas Will there be any negative impact No, the community is far from the construction site, it is 3 to 5 in neighborhood or community? km away from Mymensingh town. Will there be any impediments to The construction works will be commenced within the confined movement of people and livestock? area, within the boundary wall, so, there will be no problem for the peoples' movement through RHD road. Will there be any hazard to the No. But excess movement of materials carrying vehicles may schools during construction create problem and that is to be controlled. Will the project impact on your Yes. It will create some employment generation, hence the social and economic sector? If yes, project will be beneficial to the community people, on the point how? of more employment for the local people. What types of benefits are you We are expecting increase in working facilities, food supply and expecting from the project? improvement of trade and commerce. We also expect the improvement of local community. Do you have any recommendation The local people of the project area are expecting more before the implementation of this employment generation for them and they urged to engage more project? local people for construction and operation phases. Are you in favor of this project? Yes. the people appreciated the initiatives, it will generate Why? business, employment etc. for the local people. 114 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 9.4 Findings of the consultation meetings Four consultation meetings were held during October 2016 at the project areas. The consultation meetings were conducted with different level of local people. Total 60 (sixty) participants, different level of people like; local representatives, businessmen, day laborers, farmers, shop keepers etc, were in the meetings. In consultation meetings; environmental and social issues were examined. The main focus was to dig out the mental supports from different level of stakeholders regarding the new concept of food storage facilities, i.e. the silo construction works in lieu of the traditional food storage facilities. The issue on potential impact of construction works has also been raised. Most of participants appreciated because of the benefit from the proposed project. They also discussed about noise, water and soil pollution issue that are evolving because of existing project and the future possibilities. They expect improved technology to minimize the problem. The outcome of the consultation meetings were as follows.  There should be effective mitigation measures in order to reduce noise pollution during construction period. Improved technology and proper management plan would help to mitigate the noise pollution.  Surface water and soil pollution should be controlled by monitoring the runoff of waste materials to the surroundings.  Air pollution from the construction materials and emission from machineries might create problem. Contractor should spray water during material transportation and use cover for air pollution sources if possible.  It will generate more employment in terms of using more laborers, more rice mills will be established, transport business will boost, poultry farming will enrich further and so on. The local people requested that local labor should be used during construction and operation. 115 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 10. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 10.1 Conclusion On the basis of the analysis, it may be concluded that the project stands environmentally sound and sustainable when the recommended mitigation measure and environmental management processes are adopted properly. The benefits of the project will be realized primarily at the level of the national economy. Benefits in the project area will be in significant except for some short terms employment and business opportunities during the construction phase. However, the needs of the food storage facility are obvious and for that the livelihood of the area will be developed. Developed livelihood will directly influence the growth of economy of the area. The adverse environmental impacts from the project will mostly take place during the construction stage. There are no significant cumulative adverse impacts during operation that are identifiable at this stage. The construction impacts should be very predictable and manageable, and with appropriate mitigation measures. Some funds are required for the environmental clearance certification and certificate renewal fees. The project is expected to have a small "environmental footprint". No endangered or protected species of flora or fauna are reported at the project site. The proposed project activities have no significant adverse environmental impact so far as a time bound execution program with application of advanced construction technology is ensured. The mitigation measures are well within such codes and practices of construction and operation of the proposed project. 10.2 Recommendation  Adequate provisions have been made for the environmental mitigation and monitoring of predicted impacts, along with their associated costs.  Flood proofing design should be applied during construction of the silos.  Adverse impacts if noticed during implementation will be mitigated using appropriate design and management measures. The potential cumulative and residual impacts of the project classify as not a highly sensitive or complex.  The EMP, its mitigation and monitoring programs, contained herewith shall be included within the Bidding documents for project works.  The Bid documents state that the contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the EMP, as per environmental safeguard compliances costs, mentioned in the BOQ.  The contractor will engage environmental people to implement EMP properly.  A strong recommendation is being made to implement the proposed sub-project in the CSD campus. 116 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Site Clearance Certificate with ToR for EIA 117 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 118 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX B: Noise Level Test Result 119 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX C: Test Result for Ground Water (On Site) 120 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX D: Test Result for Surface Water (On Site) 121 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX E: Test Result for Ground Water (DPHE Laboratory) 122 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX F: Test Result for Surface Water (DPHE Laboratory) 123 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX G: List of Plants in the Project Area Common Name Scientific Name English Name Family Aam Mangiferaindica Mango Anacardiaceae Anarosh Ananassativus Pineapple Bromeliaceae Arjun Terminailaarjuna Arjun tree Combretaceae Aamra Spondiaspinnata Sour fruit Anacardiaceae Amloki Phyllanthusemblica Indian gooseberry Phyllanthaceae Akanda Calotropisgigantea Crown flower Apocynaceae Boiraj Anisopteraschapula Merasawa Diptocarpaceae Bel Aegle marmelos Golden apple Rutaceae Bishkatali Polygonumaviculare Knotweed Polygonaceae Basak Adhatodavasica Malabar nut Acanthaceae Bansh Bambusa vulgaris Bamboo Poaceae Begun Solanum melongena Brinjal Solanaceae Chalta Dilleniaindica Elephant apple Dilleniaceae Dhan Oryzasativa Rice Poaceae Durbaghash Cynodondactylon Bermuda grass Gramineae Dholkalmi Ipomoea carnea Pink morning glory Convolvualaceae Dumur Ficushispida Cluster fig tree Moraceae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus Myrtaceae Ghagra Xanthium indicum Cocklebur Asteraceae Golap Rosa sp. Rose Rosaceae Gondhoraj Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia Rubiaceae Hasnahena Cestrum nocturnum Night Blooming Jasmine Solanaceae Hijal Barringtonia racemosa Powder puff tree Lecythidaceae Hoggal Typhaelephantina Elephant grass Typhaceae Jarul Lagerstroemia speciosa Giant crape-myrtle Lythraceae Joba Hibiscus rosa-sinensis China Rose Malvaceae Jaam Syzygiumcumini Java Plum Myrtaceae Jika Lanneacoromandelica Indian ash tree Anacardiaceae Jambura Citrus maxima Pomelo Rutaceae Jolpai Elaeocarpusrobustus Olive Elaeocarpaceae Komola Citrus reticulate Orange Rutaceae Keorali Hyrdillaverticillata Waterthyme Hydrocharitaceae Kola Musa sapientum Banana Musaceae Koroi Albiziaprocera Persian silk tree Fabaceae Khudikochuripana Lemna minor Common duckweed Araceae Kochuripana Eichorniacrassipes Water hyacinth Pontederiaceae Kathal Artocarpusheterophyllus Jackfruit Moraceae Kalmilata Ipomoea aquatic Water spinach Convolvulaceae Kamranga Averrhoa carambola Starfruit Oxalidaceae Kadam Neolamarckiacadamba Burflower Tree Rubiaceae 124 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Krishnochura Delonixregia Royal Poinciana Fabaceae Khejur Phoenix dactylifera Date palm Arecaceae Kharjara Litseamonopetala Common grey mango laurel Lauraceae Kul Ziziphusmauritiana Chinese date Rhamnaceae Lau Lagenariasiceraria Bottle Gourd Cucurbitaceae Lebu Citrus sp. Lemon Rutaceae Lichu Litchi chinensis Litchi Sapindaceae Lukluki Flacourtiajangomas Indian coffee plum Salicaceae Masoor Lens culinaris Lentil Fabaceae MishtiKumra Cucurbita maxima Sweet Gourd Cucurbitaceae Motor Pisumsativum Pea Fabaceae Morich Capsicum annuum Chilli Solanaceae Muthagas Cyperusrotundus Nut grass Cyperaceae Narikel Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae Neem Azadirchtaindica Indian lilac Meliaceae Palash Butea monosprema Flame of the forest Fabaceae Padmaful Nelumbo nucifera Lotus flower Nelumbonaceae Palong Shak Spinaciaoleracea Spinach Chenopodiaceae Peyara Psidiumguajava Guava Myrtaceae Pepe Carica papaya Papaya Caricaceae Rati Abrusprecatorius Jequirity Fabaceae Shimul Bombaxceiba Cotton Tree Malvaceae Shora Streblus asper Siamese rough bush Moraceae Satni Alstoniascholaris Blackboard tree Apocynaceae Sitki Phyllanthusreticulatus Black honey shrub Phyllanthaceae Shapla Nymphaea lotus White Egyptian lotus Nymphaeaceae Shalook Nymphaea nouchali Star lotus Nymphaeaceae Supari Areca catechu Betel tree Piperaceae Taal Borassusflabellifer Palm Areaceae Tejpata Cinnamomumtamala Indian bay leaf Lauraceae Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Holy basil Lamiaceae Tetul Tamarindusindica Tamarind Fabaceae Ulat kombol Abromaaugusta Devil’s cotton Sterculiaceae 125 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX H: List of Fauna Identified in the Project Area Scientific Name English Name Local Name Class: Amphibia Bufo melanostictus Common toad Kuno bang Rana tytleri Brown frog Pana bang Rana tigrina Indian bull frog Kula bang Uperodonglobulosus Balloon frog Belun bang Rana limnocharis Indian cricket frog Jhijhi bang Class: Reptilia Eutropiscarinata Golden skink Shonalianjon Chitraindica Indian narrow-headed soft shell turtle Kocchop Kachuga tectum Indian roofed turtle Kari katta Gecko gecko Wall lizard Tokkhok Ptyas mucosa Indian rat snake Daraishshap NajaNaja Indian cobra Gokhra Varanusbengalensis Bengal monitor Guishap Xenochrophispiscator Checkeredkeelback Dhorashap Atretiumschistosum Olive keelback Maittashap Class: Aves Gallus gallus Wild cock Murgi Emberizaspodo cephala Black-faced bunting Bagari Milvus migrans Black kite Bhubonchil Copsychussaularis Magpie-robin Doel Copsychusmalabaricus White-rumpedshama Shama Bubo bubo Eagle owl Pecha Ploceusphilippinus Baya weaver Babui Oriolusoriolus Black-hooded oriole Ishtikutumpakhi Phalacrocoraxniger Little cormorant Paankouri Anasplatyrhynchos Duck Hash Corvussplendens House crow PatiKak Acridotherestristis Common Myna Shalik Egrettagarzetta Little egret Bok Dicrurusmacrocercus Black Drongo Fingey Alcedoatthis Common Kingfisher ChotoMaachranga Picidae Woodpecker Kath Thokra Streptopeliachinensis Spotted Dove TilaGhughu Columba livia Domestic Pigeon Kobutor Passer domesticus House sparrow Charui Eudynamysscolopacea Asian cuckoo Kokil Gyps bengalensis White-rumped vulture Shokun 126 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Psittaculaalexandri Red-breasted parakeet Totapakhi Orthotmussutorius Tailor bird Tuntuni Melopsittacusundulatus Budgerigar Tia pakhi Pteropusgiganteus Indian flying fox Badur Class: Mammalia Bostaurus Cow Goru Bubalusarnee Wild Water Buffalo Mohish Capra aegagrus Goat Chagol Ovisaries Sheep Bhera Feliscatus Cat Biral Canis aureus Golden jackal Kheksheyal Herpestesedwardsii Mongoose Beji Canisfamilaris Dog Kukur Sciuruscarolinensis Grey Squirrel Kathbirali Oryctolaguscuniculus Rabbit Khorgosh Rattusrattus Rat Indur Axis axis Deer Horin Pipistrelluspipistrellus Vesper bat Chika Vulpesbengalensis Bengal fox Sheyal Viverrazibetha Large Indian civet Baghdasha Macca mulatta Monkey Banor 127 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX I: Important Sensitive Locations in the PIA Name Location Description Picture N E Site Office 24.77626° 90.36306° A two (Permanent) storied new building developed in the preparatory phase, to be used as site office. Old Godown 24.77727° 90.36325° A one (North Part) storied old building. Site Office 24.77654° 90.36256° A tin shed (Temporary) temporary site office building Old Godown 24.77601° 90.36324° One storied (South-East old godown Part) building. 128 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Rail Line 24.77605° 90.36326° A meter gauge rail line. Rail Line 24.77619° 90.36379° Meter gauge (Inside rail line Project inside the Area) project area. Dilkusha 24.77423° 90.36373° One storied Jame mosque. Mosque Jamia 24.77423° 90.36373° Tin shed Usmania madrasa. Dilkusha Madrasa 129 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Khadijatul 24.77435° 90.36396° Tinshed Kubra madrasha MohilaMadr for females. asha Residential 24.77633° 90.36428° One storied Area (Inside old building the Project used as Area) residence. Mosque 24.77970° 90.36380° One storied (CSD) mosque. BGB Sector 24.78013° 90.36327° Sector head Head quarter of Quarter Border Gird BangladesM ymensingh 130 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Brahmaputr 24.78057° 90.36440° An a River important river of Bangladesh BGB 24.78060° 90.36144° One storied Mosque mosque. Border 24.78075° 90.36126° 3 storied Guard Government Government Primary Primary School. School 131 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX J: Socio-Economic Survey Template Questionnaires for Socio-Economic Survey Location & Identification of Household: 01 District : 02 Upazila : 03 Paurashava : 04 Union : 05 Mouza : 06 Village : 07 Others : General Information about Household Head: Name of the Household Head: Father’s/Husband’s Name: Name of Respondent: Relation of Respondent with Household Head: Religion: Ethnicity: 132 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Household Composition: Total Household Members:_______________ Male:__________ Female:__________ Sl. Relationship Occupation Place of Work with Marital No Sex Age Education Household Status Primary Secondary Primary Secondary . Head 133 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Membership Involvement with any Organization: Are you or any member of your family involved with any NGOs/Associations? If yes, the name of organization& how long you are involved? Your involvement in what capacity? Did you receive any loan& what is the amount? Repayment procedure/method Fixed Household Assets, Land & Facilities: Do you have any house of your own? If yes, what is the total cost of your family house? If no, what is the arrangement? Total land ownership (Land in Acre) Do you have any pond or orchard? What is the cost of your owned pond land or orchard? Your yearly income from the pond or orchard? Farmer type (Farming own land/Farming own and other’s land/Sharecropper) Cropping intensity and patterns in practice Crop production per acre in Kgs Do you have electricity? What type of fuel do you use? Who usually gives decision in the family? 134 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Health & Nutrition: Common diseases in your family Whom do you contact first for treatment? Average food intake per day? Breakfast Lunch Dinner Source of common food you intake? Water & Sanitation: Sources of drinking water If tube well or pond, ownership of source Is there any arsenic problem in the area? Is there any salinity problem in the area? Sanitation type Source Livestock: Does the household own the following livestock? Livestock Nos Cattle Goats Sheep Buffalo Pigs Ducks Chicken Pigeon 135 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Trees What types of trees does the household own? Medicinal Timber Trees Nos Fruit Trees Nos Nos Plants Eucalyptus Banana Mahogany Mango Akasmony Coconut Neem Jackfruit Shishu Litchi Rain tree / Koroi Guava Palash Olive Babla Lemon Teak Jambura Bakul Blackberry Palm / Tal Mulberry Silk cotton / Simul Ambra Sal Papaya Chatim Tamarind Marmelos / Wood-apple / Sajna Bel Pakur Custard apple Kadam Pomegranate Koroi Plum / Barai / Kol Tal Carambola Chambol Kotbel Chalta Supari Manjori Other Other Other Other Other Other Other 136 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Livelihood: What is your main income source? How many months of the year do you earn from this? What is your monthly earning? Where do you work? Do you generally receive loan from local traders? If yes, amount of money received last year and this year? Repayment method? All Sources of Household Income During the Last 12 Months: Income from different sources in No. Income source the last 12 months 1 Service holder 2 Agricultural wage labour 3 Non-agricultural Wage labour 4 Wage labour – foreign countries 5 Sale of household agricultural products (rice, vegetables, etc.) 6 Boat operator 7 Fishing 8 Fish trading 7 Income from local fish-culture 8 Sale of household livestock products (milk, meat, etc.) 9 Sale of tree and orchard products (timber, bamboo, fruit, etc.) What is the household’s average monthly income? What is the household’s approximate average monthly expenditure? Explain if expenditure higher than income? If the household has any loan? Number of new births in the household during the current year? Number of deaths in the household during the current year? Overall Remarks (If any): 137 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX K: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Participants List 138 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 139 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 140 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 141 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh APPENDIX L: Study References List of secondary data used for carrying out ESIA study and preparation of ESIA report is given below. Government Departments : Rules Act Policy and related data 1. Bangladesh Water Development Board 2. Department of Environment 3. Bangladesh Meteorological Department 4. Bangladesh Forest Department 5. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 6. Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI) 7. Department of Food, Government of Bangladesh Journals, Books & Existing Studies 8. Environmental & Social Assessment & Management Framework (ESAMF) Bangladesh Modern Food Storage Facilities Project, Phase I (BMFSFP-I), March 2013 9. Community Report, Mymensingh Zila, June 2012, Population and Housing Census, 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning 10. District Statistics, 2011, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh 11. Aktar, M.N. (2013). Impact of climate change on riverbank erosion, International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 7(1): 36-42. 12. Garde, R.J. (2011). River morphology, Second Edition, New Age International Publishers, India. 13. Islam, M.N. (2006). Braiding morpho-dynamics of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River, A H Development Publishing House, Dhaka. 14. MPO (1987). The groundwater resource and its availability for development, Technical Report No. 5, Master Plan Organization, Dhaka. 15. ECR (1997), "Environmental Conservation Rules "Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh. 16. Munn, R. E. (1979) Environmental Impact Assessment, Principal and procedures. John Wiley & Sons. 17. DOE (1997) EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Guidelines for Industries. Website 18. Wikipedia 19. Googlemaps 20. Googleearthimageries Others 21. Sitevisits 22. Environmental and Social Screening report of the project 23. Different project related EIA-Report 142 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Annex-M: Sample Environmental Action Plan for Mymensingh Silo and ancillary works Sl. No. Activities/ Item Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance of works (date) Pre-Construction Stage 1 Construction  Obtaining approval of layout plan for the labor camp Before starting Approval of Labor and related facilities, the Works requires before camp and  Providing accommodation facilities for the workers, construction of necessary  Setting the cooking arrangement, labor camp and facilities  Setting the washing and cleaning arrangements, continuous  Providing waste bins in and around the labor camp, monitoring will  Supply of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities be there to for the laborers, ensure quality  Fencing and demarcation around the labor camp to labor camp and prevent unwanted entrance. related facilities 2 Development  Construction of at least 100 sq ft pucca (masonry) Before starting Construction to of fuel storage platform for storing all type of fuel and lubricants, the Works be done with areas  Demarcation around the area, regular  Placing of Firefighting equipment. maintenance 3 Water Supply  Supplying potable water for the laborers through Before starting Monitoring the installation of tube well (as per specification & BOQ), the Works quality of water  Ensuring the location plan of tube well, that should be at the time of sufficiently away from on-site sanitation facilities, commissioning  Ensure tube well location, that is at safe distance from surface water source.  Development of drainage line from the water source to drain out waste water. 143 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sl. No. Activities/ Item Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance of works (date) 4 Sanitation  Providing suitable sanitation facilities for the workforce Before starting Before starting facilities (as per BOQ). the Works the work and  Ensuring Solid Waste Bins within the Silo Campus, replacement after  Installation of sanitary latrines and urinals at safe damage with distance, as per BOQ, Continuous  Provide separate latrines for the women, monitoring/  Installing onsite sanitation facilities (septic tank, soak cleaning pits etc.) with toilets. 5 Transfer point  Installation of solid waste transfer station near the main Before starting Installation once for solid waste gate of silo campus (BOQ), the Works with regular  Providing fencing around the masonry transfer station. maintenance 6 Providing  Providing First Aid Box with sufficient gauge, Before starting Continuous First Aid Box bandage, antiseptic cream and with sufficient medicine. the Works monitoring & input 7 Stock pile for  Development of stock pile area with clear demarcation Before starting Continuous construction and fencing, the Works monitoring & materials  Rehabilitation of stockpile area. repair 8 Temporary  Construction of temporary earthen drain to drain out the Arrangement Continuous drainage excess water due to rains and due to construction before starting monitoring with arrangements activities, the Works corrective (preparation)  Closing the temporary drains after escaping from measures temporary floods. 9 Personal  Providing personal protection equipment (PPE) with at Arrangement Purchasing once Protection least 20 pairs-hand gloves, 20 pairs-gumboot, 20- before starting and replacement Equipment approne, 20-eye protecting glass, 20-Helmets etc. the Works after damage (PPE) (BOQ). 144 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sl. No. Activities/ Item Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance of works (date) 10 Public Health  Notification of the public adjacent to the construction During starting Continuously and areas, the Works Safety  Protection of school going children during their movement. Construction Phase 11 Monitoring  Monitoring the drinking water quality with the During Quarterly Water Quality parameters like; arsenic, iron, manganese, chloride and construction (potable other organic/ inorganic pollutants. water) 12 Maintaining  Regular maintenance of vehicles During wworks Continuously air quality  Covering or wetting of dusty materials with regular  Dust suppression by spraying water monitoring 13 Maintaining  Ensure construction activities with acceptable limit of During the Continuously and noise level, wworks maintaining the monitoring  Notify nearby population prior to occurrence of any noise quality and Noise quality uneven sound, checking the  Working hours should be kept within the daylight magnitude (dB) hours, on quarterly  Locate the noisy equipment and facilities away from basis sensitive receptors  Monitoring of noise level (dB) at selected sensitive sites during working hours. 145 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sl. No. Activities/ Item Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance of works (date) 14 Solid Waste  Ensuring collection & safe disposal of solid waste from During the Continuously Management construction area, Works  Safe storage of inorganic wastes and regular disposal of organic wastes,  Ensure safe waste collection, transportation and disposal systems at approved disposal sites. 15 Ecosystem  Monitoring flora and fauna species around the During Bi-annual (Flora and construction camp, construction Fauna)  Discussion with local people regarding any effect of monitoring construction work on terrestrial floral species,  Discussion with local people on the effect on local fisheries system/ species due to construction works. 15 Waste water  Installation of proper filtering elements for disposing During the Continuously disposal the waste water (soak pit arrangement etc.). Works system  Ensure safe disposal of liquid wastes generated in the camp. 146 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sl. No. Activities/ Item Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance of works (date) 16 Occupational  Train up the workers on health and safety issues, During Works During starting health and  Educating the workers on HIV and sexually transmitted the works and safety and infections (STI), reviewing minimise  Ensuring use of proper PPE materials during working quarterly chance of hours, accidents  Ensure wearing helmet by the visitors/ inspectors during working hours,  Educating the people in using the first aid items during any accidents,  Provide sanitation facilities where needed,  Provision of safe drinking water to work force (tube- well water, bottled water etc.) during works,  Proper signaling of working areas. 17 Public Health  Proper signaling of working areas, During the Continuously and  Limitation of construction vehicles at public roads Works Safety during peak hours,  Construction activities are to be ensured during daylight (07:00 – 17:00 hours) on weekdays. 18 Tree  preparatory works for tree plantation, Before ending Once with Plantation  plantation points development. construction monitoring 19 Monitoring of  Preventing entrance of waste, soil, etc. in the water During the Continuously Surface system through waste management and dust Works Water Quality suppression process. 147 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sl. No. Activities/ Item Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance of works (date) 20 Complaints  Grievance Redress Mechanism will be established at During the Continuously and silo site, Works Environmental  Complaints received from the public or other Incidents stakeholders will be registered and recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer,  All environmental incidents occurring on the site will be recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer. Operation and Maintenance Phase 21 Monitoring of  Monitoring of air quality (SOX, NOX, particulate matter During Quarterly Air etc) at selected sensitive sites during operation phase operation phase Quality (contract period). 22 Monitoring of  Monitoring of water quality (both metallic and non- During Quarterly water metallic parameters of potable water) at the water operation phase Quality source being used during operation (contract period). 23 Monitoring of  Monitoring of noise level (dB) at selected sensitive During Quarterly Noise Quality sites during working hours. operation phase 24 Use of works  Monitoring the use of safety materials like; wearing During Continuous safety safety shoes, eye glass, helmet etc (PPE) as appropriate operation phase materials 25 Control of  Monitoring the accident control activities like; During Continuous accidents deployment of watchers to control unauthorized operation phase entrance,  Traffic movement control,  Precaution during working in altitude. 148 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Sl. No. Activities/ Item Management Actions to be taken Implementation Frequency Compliance of works (date) 26 Tree  Landscaping and tree plantation works' preparation During Continuous and Plantation (cleaning the lands), operation phase replacement after  Making the holes suitable for plantation, (till the trees damage  Arrangement of fencing around the tree, reach to  Arrangement of spraying water, specified  Arrangement of cleaning the unwanted vegetation height) around the tree. 27 Monitoring of  Performance of analyses on surface water (river, khal, During Quarterly Surface beel and pond) for: pH, TDS, DO, BOD, EC/Salinity operation and Water Quality and Turbidity. maintenance 28 Complaints  Grievance Redress Mechanism will be established at During the Continuously and Silo Site, Works Environmental  Complaints received from the public or other Incidents stakeholders will be registered and recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer.  All environmental incidents occurring on the site will be recorded and be brought to the attention of the Site Engineer. 149 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Annex-N: No Objection Letter (NOL) from the World Bank Fwd: FW: NOL ISSUED: Request for NoL on ESIA reports for Madhupur, Ashuganj and Mymensingh silo sites. 1 message Md Gazi Ur Rahman 1 November 2017 at 17:13 Dear Mr. Gazi, PDMFSFP: Based on the documents received and information provided I am pleased to inform you that IDA has no-objection to the Madhupur and Mymensing Sites EIA reports. You should insure that: (i) these reports are disclosed on the DG Food website, and (ii) the World Bank is informed from DG-Food of the disclosure information. Best regards. Manievel (Emmanuel) Sene Senior Agricultural Specialist Agriculture Global Practice - GFA12 T. +8809604404315 M. +8801758526796 E. msene@worldbank.org A. E-32, Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh 150 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh Annex-O: Environmental Clearance Certificate from Department of Environment ( DOE) 151 Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSP), Mymensingh 152