Public Disclosure Authorized E2279 VOL. 10 E2872 v12 ESKOM INVESTMENT SUPPORT Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT Environmental Impact Assessment Medupi Power Plant and Associated Infrastructu re Delta-Epsilon 6 X 7~5KV Transmission Power Line Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ·.4\:-JfA_&1f-=-~®_fffi_ INDUS TRIAL SERVICES DELTA - EPSILON 6 X 765KV TRANSMISSION POWER LINES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT Copyright clause The perusal, use, copying or storing of VOLUME I this Repor! is intended for the use of the recipient. As such, the infonnation may be legally privileged and the unauthorized use is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. Project ref: 294-03 Compiled: August 2009 DEAT ref: 121121201887 LEDET ref: 1611/711L·W2 NWDACE ref: NWPIEIAl15112006 Proponent Environmental Consultant Eskom Holdings Ltd Margen Industrial Services Transmission Services POBox 12822 P.O. Box 1091 Leraatsfontein Johannesburg 1038 2000 Contact Contact Moses Mahlangu Sebenzile Vilakazi Tel: 013 6561212 Tel: 011 8004902 Fax: 013 656 2233 Fax: 011 8003917 Jean Beater (PBAI) SA Tel: 011 7263130 Fax: 086 668 8278 Margen Industrial Services ~)BA Internationai Document Control Sheet Project Name: DELTA - EPSILON 6 X 765KV TRANSMISSION POWER LINES Project Ref: 294-03 Report Title: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT: Volume 1 Doc Ref: 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsiion 190709 Date: August 2009 Director: EIA Director Director For and on behalf of PBA International DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV jj DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA Internatonai IN MEMORIUM The EIA study team note the sad passing of two stakeholders who have given substantial time and input to this EIA: Mr Paul McKelvey challenged the team on a number of Issues, raised relevant technical and environmental questions about the project, and proposed solutions. Mr Sergei Steyn initiated a community response to the project and lead a drive for a solution that would be best for the environment as a whole. Along with all stakeholder contributions, their input has helped shape the study. Issues raised by them have been recorded and will be addressed as part of this Environmental Impact Report. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project iii DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEJR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Sorvices PBA In\crnalionaJ THIS REPORT The draft environmental Impact report Is made up of 3 separate volumes, namely: Volume I - Main Report Volume 11- Specialist Reports Volume III - Public Participation Process Volume IV - Maps Volume V - Environmental Management Plan (EMP) i These volumes make up the DEIR and should be read together in order to have a complete understanding of the report. NAME CHANGE Please note that the names of the substations involved In this project are to change to the following: DELTA substation will change to MASA sU.bstation EPSILON substation will change to SELOMO substation MOGWASE substation will change to NGWEDI substation It should be noted that the applicant requested that the original names continue to be used in this Environmental Impact Report to avoid confusion. There may however be inadvertent usage of the new names in the DEIR hence reference to this explanatory box should be made. 6 x 765kV LINES During the study, a review of transmission technology and network requirements has identified other power line alternatives that have been considered, namely 400kV (AC) and HVDC lines. Therefore, while the number of lines being considered remains unchanged (six), the project may no longer comprise 6 x 765kV lines, but some other combination. However, in the interests of consistency for reporting, the name of this project has been maintained as: DELTA - EPSILON 6 X 765KV TRANSMISSION POWER LINES DEJR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line iv DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsiJonV2.doc Margen IrHjustfial Serv:ces PBA Internat'cnai DELTA - EPSILON 6 X 765KV TRANSMISSION POWER LINES DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction and Project Motivation Consideration of the long term generation requirements of Eskom to meet the future electricity demand growth has shown that more power stations are likely to be constructed in the Waterberg area in the future. This is due to the large and relatively shallow coal fields in the Waterberg area. Eskom is currently constructing the 4800MW Medupi Power Station, and is investigating the viability of future power stations, referred to as Coal 3 and Coal 4. They will be of similar size of 4800 MW each and these are considered to be the power stations that will form the new power pool. They may include independent power producers (IPP) such as the planned 1200MW Mmamabula Power Station in Botswana and which will supply a large proportion of its generated power to South Africa via the Waterberg network. This planned generation capacity in the Waterberg area is referred to as the Waterberg Power Pool. The long term strategy is to develop a transmission system which will collect the Mo1:rnoo _ ,""""""', power generated in this area and then connect it to the various load centres on the • Eskom network to ensure a secure and ~.~Y!'Uf'~ stable network. The concept is to design an '."', Burotho·c , . W~i.'>tVl-'li) power lines to Polokwane and the eXisting 400kV network. In order to minimise the number of planned Transmission power lines from Mmamabula and Medupi Power Stations, it was decided to couple the two power stations to the new Delta substation near Lephalale. In order to transmit the power to load centres in the Rustenburg/Brits area, Gauteng and further south, Eskom Transmission plans to build six new extra high voltage transmission lines from Delta substation to a new substation (Epsilon) near Potchefstroom. The use of HVDC bipolar lines to increase the transfer capacity of the network from the Waterberg area without increasing the number of power lines is one of the options. The Delta and Epsilon substations will be known as Masa and Selomo respectively. However, for the purpose of this report the names Delta and Epsilon will be retained. This draft environmental impact report concentrates on the proposed 6x 765kV transmission power lines between Delta and Epsilon substations. This project forms part of the MmamabulalMedupi Transmission Integration Project that consists of several power line and substation projects. DEJR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project v DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEJR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MargHi1 Industria! Services PBA International The Final Scoping Report (FSR) and Plan of Study for EIA (PoS EIA) for this project was submitted to DEAT. the Limpopo Department of Economic Development and Toursim and the North West Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment on 15 September 2008. Approval of the FSR and PoS EIA was received on 15 December 2008 from DEAT thereby initiating the next phase of the EIA. PROJECT UPDATE ~ OELTA-EPSllON EJA ~ " Since the Delta-Epsilon EIA project Munl~lp-'hty""" ·:1\ .I started, other power generation projects, currently labelled Coal 3 and Coal 4. were introduced. This has bearing on the required capacity of the transmission network. Eskom .., " , also investigated options to minimise the footprint of the project in the , " " . study area. DEAT, the provincial authorities and stakeholders have been informed about these developments. They are: • Introduction of a two corridor option. Initially Eskom required three corridors (two power lines each) to maintain network stability and security of supply. However, Eskom has investigated ways of reducing the. footprint of the project and have also developed a two corridor (three power lines each) option. This has become Eskom's preferred option. • Introduction of HVDC power .",,'t,... lines into the network. The original proposal was for 6 x 765kV (AC) power lines, but replacing two of these with either 600kV or 800kV HVDC power lines will increase the capacity of the transmission network to accommodate the additional generation capacity being planned (Coal 3 and 4) without increasing the number of power lines. • Introduction of the Mogwase Transmission Substation. In order to meet additional power demand in the Rustenburg/Brits area, one of the 765kV power lines of this project will be replaced by a 400kV power line and diverted to terminate at new substation (Mogwase) near Sun City. The location of Mogwase, and associated turn-in power lines, is the subject of a separate EIA. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project vi DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services ~)BA in:ornational ASSUMPTIONS, GAPS AND LIMITATIONS A full list of assumptions, gaps and limitations are presented in the Draft EIR. However, some of main gaps include • Uncertainty regarding the type of 765kV single circuit alternating current tower design to be used in the project. The design could either be the cross-rope suspension tower or the Guyed-V design. This is not seen to have significant bearing on the overall impacts as the main environmental difference is in the visual impact. Both towers have the same footprint. • Uncertainty regarding the design of the HVDC towers. It appears that the height will be similar to the standard 765kV AC towers and that the servitude size will be the same 80m as the 765kV lines. It has been assumed that the tower type used will be the cross-rope suspension design and will be very similar to the AC towers. • The location for Epsilon substation has not yet been finalised. The Final Scoping Report (FSR) for the EIA for the substation was submitted to DEAT on 23 July 2009 for approval. The FSR does not recommend a specific location for the substation and this will be done in the EIA phase of the project. This has bearing on the last 20km of the routes which will need to be addressed in the EIA for the substation. This will not affect the overall route alignment identified in this study. • As indicated above, the location of the Mogwase substation is still to be finalised, However, the linking of the 400kV line to Mogwase will be treated as a turn-in in the Mogwase EIA. • The RoA for the Delta substation is under appeal. Although Kromdraai 513LO was recommended as the location site, DEAT authorised that that it be located on the farm Zandnek 123LO. A number of stakeholders have submitted appeals against the authorisation and it is assumed that if the appeals are successful, then the location of the substation will revert to Kromdraai and depending on the routes recommended for the 765kV power lines, farms situated between Zandnek and Kromdraai may be impacted. Power line corridors on these farms were addressed in the EIA for Delta substation and are not considered further in this study. The location of Delta is not expected to affect the overall alignment of the routes identified in this study. • HVDC operation and field effects. Eskom's operational experience of the HVDC power lines from Cahora Bassa leaves them confident that the HVDC lines proposed in this study can be operated safely and efficiently. However, there are some technical aspects that still need to be addressed before they are confirmed as being part of the final project solution. This includes the risk of shocks to humans and animals directly under the lines at 600kV or 800kV due to the field effects around the lines, and induced currents in parallel infrastructure such as pipelines and fences. These issues were introduced at a late stage in the study and have not been assessed in this EIA. As a result these aspects will need to be evaluated before HVDC is included in the final solution of the project. However, due to the relatively low population density and that they will have the same effect in all the corridors identified; these issues are not expected to affect final route selection. However, this will need to be reviewed when HVDC is finally confirmed to be part of the scheme. LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS The EIA process followed for this project complies with the National Environmental Management Act, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, GN R385 ("NEMA EIA Regulations") administered by DEAT and promulgated in April 2006 and came into operation on 1 July 2006. The Environmental Assessment Practitioners' responsible for undertaking the EIA study and for compiling the draft EIR are Moses Mahlangu and Ge Stander of Margen Industrial Services (the lead consultant), and Jean Beater and Stuart Dunsmore of PBA International. The environmental consultants were selected on the basis of their experience in environmental man~gement, assessmenj and familiarity with EIA requirements and linear power line projects. Neither Margen nor PBA International has any vested interest in the project. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project vii DEAT Rei.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar~lC!1 Industnal SerVices PBA Internaliona! OBJECTIVES OF TECHNICAL EIA PHASE The technical EIA phase of the project was used to focus on specific corridors and issues identified during the scoping phase in order to be able to recommend preferred routes for the power lines. The key objectives addressed were: • Assess in more detail the corridors taken forward in order to determine preferred routes for the power lines keeping in mind the requirements regarding the separation of the power line corridors. • Cumulative impacts of this project and other power line projects will be assessed in more detail. • Additional specialists (economic, fuel load conditions (fire risks) and climate conditions (extreme weather conditions) were appointed to assess the issues. • Consideration of specialist and technical data that highlighted areas of environmental sensitivity and 'no go' areas in order to find the best routes for the power lines. • Identify and communicate with interested and affected parties, inform them about the project and provide ongoing opportunities to them to raise issues and concerns that may inform the project. • Provide sufficient information to the authorities to help inform their decision-making with regard to the recommended routes for the power lines. PROJECT PROPOSAL The size and complexity of the project, and the changes in the project scope over time, presented challenges in addition to the normal assessment of a linear project. The original proposal included 6 x 765kV for the approximately 360km between Delta and Epsilon Substations, split into three corridors of two lines each. The distance separating the corridors was initially set at 2km but as Eskom became aware of the risk of tornados, this separation distance was increased to Bkm and then 10km. As the project progressed and an awareness of additional power generation developed, along with a request from stakeholders to minimise the footprint of the development in the study area, Eskom reviewed the network and revised the proposal to a two corridor option with a mixture of HVAC and HVDC power lines in the two corridors with the understanding that the eastern corridor will include a single 400kV power line that will terminate at Mogwase substation. It is important to note that despite the changes to the project proposal and project scope during the EIA, the total number of power lines in the project scope has not changed. Furthermore, though there are variations in the tower types and line types, the physical magnitude of the project has been fairly constant throughout. The servitude width per transmission line remains BOm hence the servitude for a corridor with three lines will be 240m wide. The configuration options for the corridors investigated in the EIA phase were • 6x 765kV single' circuit, cross-rope or guyed V design towers in a single corridor (industrial corridor) • 2x 765kV single circuit cross-rope or guyed-V design towers in 3 separate corridors. • 3x 765kV double circuit lines in a single industrial corridor • 1x double circuit line in 3 separate corridors • 3 separate corridors containing the following: o 2x 765kV single circuit corridor o 1x 765kV double circuit power line o 1x HVDC double circuit power line • Single corridor containing all of the options mentioned above • 3x BOOkV HVDC (bipolar) power lines in a single corridor • 3x 300kV HVDC (bipolar) power lines in 3 separate corridors DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project viii DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industnal Sorvlces f'BA International The final project proposal presented by Eskom after stakeholder feedback and technical design review during the EIA phase of the study is two corridors with three lines each with the following combination: West Corridor: 1x765 kV + 1xBipoiar HVDC (4,8 GW operating at :1:600 kV, line built for :1:800 kV) + 1x765 kV East Corridor: 1x765 kV + 1xBipoiar HVDC (4,8 GW operating at :1:600 kV, line built for :1:800 kV) + 1x400 kV (Delta-Mogwase) DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA: The study area falls within the Limpopo and North West Provinces. In order to describe the study area, it was split into three sections, namely the northern, central and southern sections (see map below). The majority of the study area {72%} encompasses the savanna biome. This Biome is the largest Biome in southern Africa, occupying 46% of its area, and over one-third of the area of South Africa. It is well developed over the lowveld and Kalahari region of South Africa. It is characterized by a grassy ground layer and a distinct upper layer of woody plants. The remainder of the study area (28%) comprises the Grassland Biome. Natural plant biodiversity in this Biome is high with an estimated 3,378 plant species occurring in the core region. In terms of the estimated total amount of plant species per biome, the grassland biome lies third after the fynbos and savanna biomes. The northern section is predominantly flat to gently rolling to mountainous in the eastern part of the study area where the study area runs along the foothills of the Waterberg range of mountains and cross the Yysterberg mountains near Thabazimbi whereas the western and central corridors cross the Dwarsberg mountain range. The Limpopo River and its tributaries, namely the Matlabas and Crocodile Rivers are the main rivers that occur in the northern section and are crossed by all the corridors. Along the Matlabas and Crocodile Rivers, intensive agricultural activities are pursued. All the corridors cross these rivers. The savanna biome contains a large variety of bird species but very few bird species are restricted to this biome. The presence of breeding species such as White-backed Vulture is indicative of the low levels of human population. Both Atherstone Game Reserve and Marakele National Park have large populations of vultures that spill over into the study area. Both the Waterberg System Important Bird Area (IBA) and the Northern Turfveld IBA are found in the northern section of the study area Land use in the northern area includes game and cattle farming, hunting and ecotourism. The majority of the land is privately owned. There has been a marked change in the agricultural practices in the northern section with many cattle farms being converted to game farms that include hunting activities. There is also intensive pivot irrigation farming undertaken along the Crocodile River and to a lesser extent the Matlabas. A number of conservation areas and game reserves are found in this section including the Atherstone, Madeleine Robinson and Ben Alberts Nature Reserves, the Waterberg Biosphere and Marakele National Park. The northern section was not extensively settled in the past (due to the extreme heat and limited availability of water) hence the lower amount of identif.ied heritage sites is lower than the other sections DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project ix DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc ~,fiaryon Industria! ServiCHS PHA In'ornal'onai OI!lTA,J!i>SlLOH I!IA Mo.Jl!CT ~1OI1"n BaMOlOIIt> !t:i~t~::~:O" ,~*~, . "~~fttjO" ~Yl)f Central section: The majority of the central section forms part of the Savanna biome and is characterised by mainly Mixed Bushveld with some sections of Clay Thorn Bushveld. This section is also characterised by the start of the change from the woodland biome to the grassland biome with the escarpment running roughly along the N4 road. The central section lines mainly in the North West Province. The vegetation is more disturbed with less pristine habitat than the northern section. This is due to overgrazing by cattle and goats as well as the spread of formal and informal settlements as well as mining activities. The topography of the area comprises mostly undulating to flat plains but also has a mountainous character that is caused by the Swartwitpensfontein mountains in the far east; the chain of nortite hills known as the Thaba- ea­ Nape mountain range that runs northwards towards the Pilanesberg; the Pilanesberg, Magaliesberg and Matlapynsberg and the Swartruggens mountains running from Swartruggens to Zeerust in the west. 6x 765kV Project x DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industria! Services PBA intcrnationLll There are a number of rivers that can be found in the central section including the Toelani and Marico rivers near Groot Marico. Several large dams are found in the section including the Marico Bushveld and Kromellenboog dams that provide water for intensive irrigation schemes near Groot Marico and the Vaalkop Dam east of the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve. The central section especially the eastern half falls within two Important Bird Areas (IBAs), namely the Magaliesberg and Pilanesberg IBAs. Although the proposed corridors do not actually cross the Magaliesberg, its influence extends into the study area, mostly in the form of Cape Vultures breeding in the Magaliesberg and scavenging in the study area. The Pilanesberg IBA has extensive populations of waterbirds including Red Data species such as White-backed Night Heron, African Finfoot and Black Stork. Land uses include cattle and an increasing amount of game farms. Intensive irrigation schemes can be found near Groot Marico as well as the mining of slate with large scale platinum mining in the east. Many community settlements occur throughout this section which is characterised by subsistence farming. A number of transport corridors run through the area including the N12 between Johannesburg and Klerksdorp, the N14 between Pretoria and Johannesburg to Ventersdorp and the N4 between Pretoria and Zeerust en-route to Botswana. There are a number of nature reserves in the section including the Pilanesberg, Vaalkop Dam and Marico Bosveld Nature Reserves and the proposed Heritage Park that joins the Pilanesberg and Madikwe Nature Reserves. The central and western corridors cross the Heritage Park. The central section has a high number of heritage resources that include all types and ranges of heritage resources. Occupation of this part of the study area occurred throughout the different periods for the Stone Age, the Iron Age and the Historical Period. Remnants of thousands of stone walled settlements are found throughout this section. A number of 'no go' sites especially mega stone-walled sites were identified in the central section of the study area that will have to be avoided. Southern section The southern section falls within the Grassland Biome. A single layer of grasses dominates grasslands. Trees are absent, except in a few localized habitats. The northern part of this section features the Rocky Highveld Grassland that is a transitional type between typical grasslands of the high inland plateau, and the bushveld of the lower inland plateau. Grassland vegetation is restricted to exposed sites in the irregular, undulating, high­ altitude landscape, especially on the crests of rocky hills and ridges. This section is characterized by an open, flat and sometimes rolling topography. The southern parts of this section are characterized by Dry Sandy Highveld Grassland with a few Sweet Thorn Acacia karoo trees occurring only occasionally along watercourses. The grasslands in the southern section have been severely transformed by intensive agriculture. The remaining natural sweet/mixed grassland is threatened to a much higher degree than the savanna further north. The Vaal River is situated on the southern boundary of the study area; the Mooi River runs from the north-east to Potchestroom, whilst the Taaiboschspruit and the Schoonspruit rivers run from Ventersdorp in the north towards Klerksdorp. There are a number of large recreational dams in this section of the study area including the Kerkskraal and Boskop Dams as well as numerous smaller man-made dams on farms. . There are important contiguous areas of natural grassland remaining in between the extensive agriculture in the southern section of the study area. These areas are potentially important for Blue Crane, White Stork, Secretarybird and White-bellied Korhaan. The remaining grassland habitat is of special importance to the small population of Blue Cranes that are still found in the grassland habitat of the North-West Province. Other Red Data grassland species are also primarily dependant on natural grassland for breeding and roosting purposes. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project xi DEAT Ref.: 12112/20f887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Se(vices PBA International The majority of commercial farmland is situated in the southern section of the study area. These farms include dryland or irrigated agricultural activities and are primarily located in the area south of the Pilansberg around the towns of Koster and Derby, westwards towards the study area bound and southwards until the southern boundary of the study area. Mining activities are concentr.ated between Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp. The Tlokwa and then the Voortrekkers occupied the banks of the Mooi River at an early period whilst early Sotho­ Tswana communities build stone walled settlements on and near flat topped hills along the Schoonspruit in the vicinity of Klerksdorp. Early Stone Age people lived near the banks of the Vaal River, and stone tools manufactured from dolerite have been found in the extreme southern section of the study area. Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp are the two oldest Voortrekker towns in the North West Province and were established on the Mooi River and Schoonspruit respectively from the 1830's onwards. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS Public participation continued after the Final Scoping Report was submitted to DEAT and during the Technical EIA Phase. The PPP activities conducted were: • Stakeholder Engagement: A map indicating the extent of public involvement was generated to assist the PPP team in identifying areas where participation was lacking. Details of game lodges and game farms, safaris, and other stakeholders involved in the tourism industry were obtained and e-mails and telephone calls were made to these stakeholders, notifying them of the project and to encourage them to partiCipate. Contact details of landowners were also obtained through DEED property searches and by contacting some of the local municipalities in areas with little involvement in the project. Information obtained was verified with existing I&AP details on the database and a list was compiled of landowners who were not registered on the database. These landowners were contacted telephonically and informed about the project progress and the PPP team also encouraged them to become actively involved in the Participation process. Details of 115 lodges and other businesses were obtained through the above mentioned method and details of 118 landowners were obtained through DEED searches. During field trips and consultation with FAJDFUs another 238 landowners' details were obtained. • Meetings between landowners and specialists were held during the last week of January 2009 where landowners had the opportunity to. meet the specialists and during which the specialists gave presentations regarding their approach to the study with regard to their field of expertise. Meetings were held at Thabazimbi, Farm Rietfontein, Sentrum, Swartruggens and Farm Hessie (Potchefstroom). • Field Trips: were undertaken by the PPP team to gather more information and contact details of potentially affected landowners. Field trips were undertaken from March to May 2009 throughout the study area but especially in areas where there was low levels of participation • Government Departments: were continuously kept informed about the progress of the project. All departments contacted were generally cooperative and accepting of the project as long as legislative requirements are met and proper procedures such as the conducting of heritage, social and economic studies and to identify properties that are under claim and ensure proper consultation. • Farmers Associations: Ongoing consultation with Farmers Associations and District Farmers Unions has been a successful tool for the PPP team to involve landowners in the Public Participation Process of a project, mainly because these are usually structured organisations where information are filtered down to all members by the chairpersons and representatives of the FAs and DFUs. In order to establish whjch landowners were not members of organised agriculture, it was decided to approach the FAs to assist in this regard and some FAs provided membership lists to the PPP team DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Project xii DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial PBA lntnrnaLonai • Environmental Action Groups and Forums: Chairpersons of various organisations were kept up to date with the progress of the project and were met where and when possible and consulted with during the field trips undertaken by the PPP team. • Tribal authorities: Ongoing consultation and a meeting with the Aoyal Bafokeng took place during the period under review. The main issues raised by I&APs during the public consultation process are reflected below. See main public participation report for responses to the above issues. Issue I Concern Comment • Communities expect job creation and electricity supply from new Job creation & Local proposed power lines opportunities • I&APs are concerned about security risks that could be posed by construction and maintenance teams accessing property without Safety & Well being permission or knowledge of landowner • the impact of electro-magnetic fields (EMFs) on animals and humans • The visual impact of these power lines will chase away Land Issues & international clients and that compensation should be made for Compensation property devaluation and loss of business. • Frustration about no final corridors • Request to consider a single "Industrial" corridor • Request to follow existing linear infrastructure. especially power Technical & Line routing lines. • Request to spread the impact over a wider area and not "penalise" a few farms. • Why are the existing 400kV power lines not upgraded to 765kV? • Undergrounding of power lines Project lifespan and • I&APs would like to be informed about Eskom's long term plans (i.e. 20-years and beyond) timeframes • I&APs want to see Specialists on each and every farm in the study Specialist studies area • Some landowners feel that they have been consulted with too late Consultation Process in the project The DEIA will be made available to the public and all I&APs for review from 05 August 2009 to 11 September 2009 and submit their comments to the Public Participation consultant before the closing date on 11 September 2009 for inclusion into the final documentation submitted to DEAT for approval of the project. Hard copies of the DEIA will be placed at information points throughout the study area and electronic versions (CDs) will be distributed to landowners in remote areas where information points cannot easily be accessed. Aegistered I&APs will also receive the Executive Summary and a map indicating the preferred route alignments. The availability of the DEIA for public review and the information points where the report can be viewed will be advertised in the newspapers and all registered I&APs on the database (see Appendix 9) will be notified. Eight Public Meetings and various Focus Group Meetings are scheduled to discuss the findings of the DEIA and meeting details will be advertised and distributed to all registered I&APs. Other meetings will be arranged on request. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project xiii DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marqen Industrial Services P8A In:ernationa! PROJECT ALTERNATIVES No-go Option: Economic growth is dependent on a number of factors of which electricity supply is a key determinant towards sustained economic growth. The economic growth of the country has outstripped expectations and this growth has led to a situation where electrical power demand has led to the construction of the new Mmamabula and Medupi power stations that will assist in meeting the electricity requirements of South Africa. Hence, the power stations are required to be connected to the South African national grid to transfer this energy source and support the economic growth of the country .. Both the Medupi and Mmamabula Power Stations have been given respective government authorisation, and Medupi is already under construction. It the power generated from the power stations mentioned above is not transmitted, then electricity power demand will increasingly outstrip supply with the concomitant effects of power shortages and stagnating economic growth. Without secure and reliable electricity network the entire economy of the country and probably the region will be affected. Power Line Alternatives: The initial project proposal was to integrate the new 765kV (AC) network into the existing AC network. However, as previously described, with the need to consider the potential additional power generation into the future, Eskom has investigated the alternative of introducing HVDC into the network. This provides opportunity to increase the capacity ot the network without increasing the number of lines. At first, converting all six 765kV (AC) lines to HVDC was proposed, but it soon became clear that the HVDC network needed to be developed in parallel with a strengthened AC network and a balance of HVDC and AC is needed. Network analysis by Eskom has shown the best balance for both network capacity and stability is the replace of two of the 765kV lines with bipolar 600kV or 800kV HVDC lines. However, certain technical aspects of the HVDC lines still need to be resolved before thi~ alternative can be confirmed. In addition, for integration with the Rustenburg/Brits network, Eskom has proposed that a third 765kV line is converted to 400kV and terminated at Mogwase substation. Therefore out of the full range of alternatives described above, the two main power line alternatives are: • 5 x 765kV (AC) lines (Delta-Epsilon) + 1 x 400kV line (Delta-Mogwase), or • 3 x 765kV (AC) lines (Delta-Epsilon) + 2 x 600kV (or 800kV) HVDC lines (Delta-Epsilon) + 1 x 400kV line (Delta-Mogwase) The option with the HVDC lines is Eskom's preferred option, as well as the preferred option of a number of stakeholders. The main reason is the greater capacity, therefore reducing the need for additional lines in the future. Tower Alternatives: A number of tower alternatives have been presented by Eskom during the course of the study. The main tower types are depicted in the tables below. Included is both a summary of the main dimensions of each tower and the main environmental advantages and disadvantages. Eskom initially identified the 765kV AC cross-rope suspension tower as the preferred tower type. The design has been complete and tested, but there remains to be construction and maintenance difficulties that still need to be resolved. Therefore it appears likely that the Guyed-V tower structure may be used. These are already in successful use in South Africa. Furthermore, most of the existing 400kV lines in the study area are of this design. There will therefore be some consistency in their use for the 765kV lines in the landscape of the study area. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission xiv DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilon\l2.doc Mar()el1 Industrial Services PBA International Double circuit lines offer the benefit of a reduced footprint of the development as one tower will carry two lines. Two options have been presented; the tall self-supporting tower that has been in use elsewhere in the world, and the new hexagonal cross-rope tower design. The former is generally considered to have high visual impact and may only be considered over short distances where there are space constraints. The latter stili needs to be designed and tested, but of greater concern are the construction and maintenance difficulties, particularly the safety aspects. Nevertheless, the hexagonal cross-rope tower is seen to offer one of the lightest footprints of all the alternatives and has been considered when assessing the best environmental solutions. Double circuit options have important constraints, however: • Both lines need to be constructed at the same time. This would be in conflict with Eskom's plan to build each new line in a phased manner depending on demand growth, and in alternate corridors (to limit common mode failure events). • 400kV and 765kV AC lines may share the same double circuit tower, Qut AC and DC lines can not share the same tower. Therefore planning the network to use double circuit towers will limit the potential for the use of HVDC. The proposed tower structure for the HVDC lines is a cross-rope design similar to the original 765kV AC structure. While this still has some technical aspects to be resolved (mainly construction related), other outstanding issues on the HVDC lines (eg field effects) may influence the final design adopted. However, for the purposes of this study, the cross-rope design has been assumed. DEIR Delta"Epsiion 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xv DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294"03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marpen Induslna; PI:3A International 765 kV Cross Rope 55m 80m (single circuit) 765 kV Guyed-V 55m 80m (single circuit) • 765 kV Double Circuit (Self 60 to 80m 80m supporting) 765kV Hexagonal Double 55 to 70m 80m Circuit (Cross-rope) HVDC (Cross-rope) 50m 80m 765 kV Self Supporting (at turns 45-50m 80 - 100m and termination points) • • DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x Transmission Power Line Project xvi DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industria! Servlce,~ PEA. Inlornationai Less visual impact as less steel used; no place for birds to perch 765 kV Cross Rope above conductors hence issues (single circuit) such as flashovers and shorting Anchor cables are more caused by birds are avoided. A difficult in cultivated cheaper structure. areas. More visible due more Extensively used in the study steel used for tower. area. More visual uniformity Bird guards required to 765 kV Guyed-V when following existing lines. avoid flashovers. (single circuit) The 765kV tower design is tried Anchor cables are more and tested. difficult areas. in cultivated .. Height of structure (80m) is substantially higher Two power lines on one tower, than single circuit hence 765 kV Double Circuit (Self hence overall footprint and visual impact will be very supporting) servitude requirements are less. high. Is a proven technical solution. Expensive structure. .. Potentially high structure Two power lines on one tower. (Up to 70m). therefore Substantially lower visual still a visual impact 765kV Hexagonal Double impact. As above, only one concern. Circuit (Cross-rope) instead of two power lines Technical and required hence servitude maintenance aspects still requirement is less to carry the amount of power generated in the Waterberg area southwards Operational aspects to HVDC (Cross-rope) without the need for additional be investigated. power lines. Possible unsafe field Visually similar to 765kV AC effects have not been Cross-Rope design. resolved; No anchor cables, and therefore Visually more intrusive 765 kV Self Supporting (at turns better in cultivated areas. due to substantial and termination points) Tried and tested design. amount of steel used. DEJR Delta-EpSilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xvii DEAT Re!.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA international Corridor Alternatives By the end of the scoping phase some 26 potential corridors had been identified. Each corridor was considered assuming two, three or all six lines would be placed in it. The corridors were derived from the initial scoping studies and recommendations made by the public. The Corridors were alphabetically named (in no order of preference) from west to east. Linkages and deviations on the main corridors (A, B, C, 0, E, F and G) were also named. Hence, if a corridor had a number of linkages to adjacent corridors then the name would incorporate both corridors and if there were more than one linkage then the various linkages would have a number allocated to them, for example C_B1 refers to a linkage from Corridor C to Corridor B and it is the first linkage (of several) between the two corridors. The corridors are broadly described as follows: Corridor A (and local deviations): This corridor is located in the extreme western parts of the study area. It generally has a lower population density, lower development, and has less bush fire and tornado risk. However, it has no existing transmission lines and limited linear infrastructure (mainly roads), and is generally considered to have a more wilderness landscape. Corridor B (and local deviations): In the northern part of the study area this corridor follows the existing western-most transmission line corridor which will have up to five 400kV lines once the Medupi-Marang and Medupi-Oinaledi lines are constructed next to the existing Matimba-Midas and Matimba-Pluto 400kV lines. South of Owaalboom Corridor B enters an area without any existing transmission lines. Corridor C (and local deviations): This corridor essentially follows the Matimba-Pluto 400kV power line, and is centrally located within the study area. It offers a corridor that follows existing transmission lines for the greatest length (70% of total corridor length). Corridor 0 (and local deviations): Similar to Corridor C, this follows the Matimba­ Spitskop 400kV lines and Spitskop-Bighorn 400kV lines. It is the eastern-most corridor with existing transmission lines which follow Corridor 0 for approximately 65% of its length. Corridor E: This is the "Railway" corridor. It is located in the eastern half of the study area where an existing railway line is found that runs from near Matimba power station through Thabazimbi, through Ben Alberts Nature Reserve and DEIR Delta-EpSilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xviii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tv1arqon lndusn fa! f'LlA inlnr>l3!iona: east of the Pilanesberg to Ararat substation. The motivation for this alternative is that it is located in an area already disturbed area by the railway line. Corridors F and G: Originally a stakeholder recommendation, these are the eastern-most corridors in the study area and therefore generally have the highest tornado risk. Though they pass through an area of focussing on tourism development in the north, the areas south of Thabazimbi are more developed with mixed landuse including crop farming, tourism and mining. This corridor merges with Corridors D and E south of the Pilanesburg. Power line combinations Three combinations of the six power lines are considered: • All six lines in one corridor (also sometimes referred to as a "utility corridor" or an "industrial corridor". • Three lines placed in two separate corridors • Two lines placed in three separate corridors In each case, these combinations may be placed next to existing power lines where these exist in the corridor options listed above. ENVIRONMENTAllSSUES AFFECTING POWER LINES: Eskom has note that around 80% of power line faults are due to environmental factors such as: • Bird impacts - bird activities on power line towers may cause shorting and flashovers between the conductors and the tower structure. This is more of a problem on the smaller Distribution towers, and new tower designs for transmission lines and bird guards can reduce this risk to zero. • Lightning - this is particularly a problem where the tower structure is not adequately earthed and the lightning charge is transferred to the conductors. Good earthing of the tower foundations will mitigate this issue and earth grids established for multiple lines in one corridor offer even greater earth protection against lightning than on single lines. • Bush fires/veld fires - when in close vicinity to a power line conductor, veld fires can induce a flashover to ground, disrupting transmission of electricity. Improved understanding of fire management and correct servitude vegetation management can address this issue to a safe level of operation. Increasing conductor height above ground as well as increasing the spacing between the conductors, has shown to substantially reduce faults due to bush fires in the study area. More controlled servitude maintenance can, however, secure safe power line operation even in high fire risk environments, without severe impact on the ecology and habitat of the servitude. Fire risk potential in the study area has been assessed, generally showing greater fire potential in the south-eastern areas. However, this has not had significant influence in corridor selection, but it will influence the level of servitude maintenance. • Wind gusts and tornados - Transmission towers are typically designed to a Levell reliability (1 :50 year return period, 40m/s wind = 144km/h), but on critical routes this may be raised to a Level 3 (1 :500 year return period, 70m/s = 250km/h). However, tornados are difficult to design for as they include vertical uplift forces. Line separation is seen to be the only reasonable solution in tornado areas, and Eskom requires that a minimum of 10km separation should be considered. An assessment of tornado events in the study area shows the south-eastern parts to have the highest risk of tornado occurrence. The risk assessment shows that power lines may run in a single corridor for some distance in the northern areas and still not exceed the 1:500 year design standard. Power lines in the southern areas will need to be split into separate corridors. • Floods - with proper hydraulic analysis and avoidance of high flow velocity areas, a safe design of the tower foundations can normally be obtained. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project xix DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margf;)n industr;al Services PBA International • Aircraft collision - it was concluded that light aircraft pose the higher risk of collision. However, a light aircraft is unlikely to damage more than one power line in a collision as the aircraft will break up on collision. This has been discarded as an influence on power line separation. • Sabotage - though this was a concern in the past, it is now acknowledged that power lines in separate corridors can still be damaged at the same time in a coordinated sabotage atta.ck. This was therefore not factored in the debate on power line separation. ASSESSMENT OF CORRIDORS During the scoping phase of the project, recommendations regarding additional corridors and deviations on corridors were received from stakeholders and specialists. It was clear that a wider strategic assessment was needed to ensure that the best corridors were being identified. All 26 corridors (with deviations and linkages between corridors) had to be assessed at the beginning of the EIA phase of the project before a short-list of the best corridors could be identified. The assessment process therefore included a number of stages starting with the wider strategic assessment. The main steps are summarised as follows: • Mini-strategic environmental assessment • GIS based integration of environmental sensitivity • Corridor evaluation, short-listing and analysis of these corridors • Impact assessment of recommended corridors The terms of reference for the specialist studies were published in the Plan of Study for EIA, issued with the Scoping Report. The different specialist impacts identified were: • avifauna; • biodiversity; • social (in terms of human and animal safety); • tourism (in terms of sense of place); • visual resource value (scenic quality); • visual receptors; • economic studies in terms of tourism and agriculture (crop farming and live stock farming); • heritage; and • fire (in terms of vegetation fuel load). As with all power line projects, the EIA is supplemented by two additional stages before construction starts: • The negotiation process, where final alignment and tower placement limitations are agreed with the landowner. At this stage adjustment s are made to accommodate site specific impacts such as dwellings, grave sites, historic buildings, and other localised issues. • The "walk-through" field survey, done by key specialists (eg botany, birds, heritage/archaeology, social) to identify other site specific issues that can be avoided by shifting tower foundations, access roads, etc. Both of the above should feed into the Environmental Management Plan that is finalised and approved by DEAT before construction. Therefore, the primary requirement of the EIA is to identify larger areas of higher sensitivity and no-go areas, and to manage those impacts that are unable to be mitigated during the negotiation or "walk­ through" stages (eg visual impacts). DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xx DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industrial Services F'BA International STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT OF STUDY AREA The sensitivity analysis of the study area was undertaken by each specialist and although this was not an exhaustive strategic environmental assessment, it helped identify the spatial distribution of planned development, land use and environmental sensitivity. The detail of the area wide assessment done by each specialist is presented in Volume II, and was supplemented by input from stakeholders, published municipal Integrated Development Plans (lOPs), and information available on mining prospecting and development. An overview of the study area is provided here. An observation that is mentioned a number of times in this report is that many of the different land types and land uses that may be sensitive to power lines occur in bands across the study area (ie east-west). This requires that the power lines, traversing north to south, will cross these areas at some point. These include: • The bushveld areas (savannah woodland) in the north that are increasingly converting to tourism and hunting based industries • A similar band of tourism based development from the Magaliesberg through Swartruggens to Groot Marico. • The mountain ranges and ridges from Thabazimbi to Dwarsberg and Magaliesberg to Zeerust • Large areas under traditional authorities in the central area • The open, flat, grasslands and cultivated lands spread over the southern area • The Crocodile and Matlabas Rivers, with associated irrigation and centre-pivot schemes cross the study area east to west. Some differences between the eastern and western areas that need to be considered in routing the power lines are: Northern areas: • The Waterberg range and associated ridges in the north-east extends almost from Lephalale, passed Thabazimbi, to Ramokokastad. This area includes the Marekele National Park and Waterberg Biosphere, and is seen to be the core of the tourism development plans in this northern area. This includes plans for eco-estates and tourism ventures as part of the integrated development plans for ThabazimbL Hence, tourism development in the eastern areas is seen to be more formal and integrated than further west. Nevertheless, this eastern area is also more developed, with mining, towns (Thabazimbi), and the railway line, all being prominent in the area. • The areas to the west are seen to be developing tourism based businesses on a more private basis. Tourism initiatives vary from hunting to lodges offering hunting and photo-safaris, and many farms still maintain an element of cattle farming. Nevertheless, this area has very limited development and a more "wilderness" sense-of-place, with only existing transmission lines being the main sign of development. • Ecologically the area is not highly sensitive, though protected plant species will be widespread and some red data plants will occur. The mountain terrain, ridges and river corridors will be more sensitive (with greater biodiversity), but .these are generally not threatened habitat. The main concerns would be the vulture breeding areas in the west (around Atherstone Nature Reserve) and an area north of the Pilanesberg delineated by the Crocodile and Bierspruit Rivers which holds the core of the remaining resident South African population of Yellow-throated Sandgrouse. • Existing linear infrastructure is an important feature of the northern environment. The main linear corridors are aligned north-south. This includes the railway line running through Thabazimbi. This is a single (diesel operated) line, but there are two servitudes and Transnet expects to need to upgrade the line to an electric line and build a second line to service the growing development around Steenbokpan and Lephalale. Additionally, there are three existing transmission line corridors running south from Matimpa Power Station. DEJR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxi DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEJR DeJtaEpsilonV2.doc Industnal Services f'BA Internationa! Central areas: • Land use is more mixed. The Pilanesberg Nature Reserve is a key landmark in the area, and it forms the eastern part of the Heritage Park. This Heritage Park will extend to the Madikwe National Park and is currently in the planning stages of its establishment. • Mining (including prospecting) occurs in the Heritage Park area (near Dwaalboom), but is more of a dominant feature of the landscape south-east of the Pilanesberg (Rustenberg area). The areas east of the Pilanesberg is also more densely populated and developed, with smaller property sizes, than most of the areas west of the Pilanesberg. A high incidence of bush-fires in this eastern part of the central area is seen to be the result of a combination of higher population density and steeper slopes (allowing fires to spread quicker). • Tourism initiatives are still a significant feature of the central area, though again these are generally seen to be more private initiatives at varying levels, and sometimes mixed with other farming (cattle) activities. Exceptions are the Pilanesberg, the Magaliesberg Nature Reserve in the eastern areas, and tourism around the town of Groot Marico. • Existing linear infrastructure includes the N4 national road running west to Botswana, the railway line to the east of the Pilanesberg (running north-south), and three existing transmission power line corridors running north-south; one east of the Pilanesberg and two west of it. • Ecologically, outside the formal conservation areas (the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve, Magaliesberg, Vaalkop Dam and Marico Bosveld Nature Reserves). the central area is more impacted by formal and informal development than the northern area, though the mountainous areas and the N4 national road corridor are generally in better condition. These run east-west across the study area and will be affected by the power lines in some way. • There are also sensitive heritage "hot spots" around the Pilanesberg area (mainly north-west and west). These should be avoided. Southern areas: • This open landscape has relatively few differences between the eastern and western halves of the study area. The land use is mixed grazing and crop lands. • Population density appears slightly higher in the west, especially closer to Epsilon. • There are also larger areas under centre-pivot irrigation in the western areas, particularly near the Lichtenberg/Coligny areas, a large area due south of Groot Marico, and south of Ventersdorp. • Linear infrastructure exists in the form of railway lines, roads, and power lines. The main rail and road routes cross the area east to west. The main power lines tend to converge towards the many substations to the east of this area. • Ecologically, the remaining undisturbed grasslands are seen to be sensitive but can be crossed by power lines if managed properly. These areas are scattered throughout the southern area, and interspersed with crop lands. An important part of the biodiversity of the area will be the bird species that forage in the grasslands and croplands and are prone to collision with power lines. This includes the Blue Crane that occurs in small populations in the study area. GIS INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSTIVITV The strategic environmental assessment was included in the spatial assessment of environmental sensitivity in the study area. Each layer of environmental sensitivity was captured on a Geographical Information System (GIS) and superimposed to present an integrated view of environmental sensitivity. This was done for both pre­ and post-mitigation scenarios. DDiFEjj:IRilD);eililla;:-8Ep;;-;sill.ilo:;;:n;f6;;x776ii!5ikkVVn:;;;;;,;~funP;;;;;;;:U;;;;;P;~ct--------------------xxii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294·03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industr,a; SerViCeS PBA :nto!T!atio:lal The integrated maps present sensitivity of the environment to power lines. They do not account for the presence of other linear infrastructure, nor other environmental risks such as tornados. Furthermore, they do not account for cumulative impact, which needs to be considered when looking at both best route and best combination of lines. However, this process provided the foundation to prepare a short-list of corridors for further analysis. CORRIDOR SELECTION The summary of the integrated pre- and post-mitigation specialist sensitivity rankings are presented in the table below. The table lists the corridors from the most preferred to the least preferred. Initial inspection suggests that Corridor 8 (8a and 82), a combination of Corridors 8 and C (C-82, C-83 and C-B6), Corridor D and Corridor F all have potential as offering the least impact. • PRE-MITIGATION SENSITIVITY RANKINGS POST-MITIGATION SENSITIVITY RANKINGS Integrated Integrated CORRIDOR sensitivity Rank CORRIDOR sensitivity Rank score score D 35.148 28.350 35.807 29.091 2 35.842 29.182 3 F 29.218 4 29.268 5 8A 29.580 6 82 29.627 7 29.662 8 36.642 36.705 G 36.875 CA 37.239 37.703 37.770 A 37.782 30.171 15 38.009 30.483 16 C2 38.038 30.822 17 38.154 30.867 18 38.209 30.950 19 38.515 31.194 20 i 38.622 31.198 21 A1 38.773 31.229 22 38.874 A1 31.241 23 81 38.931 24 81 31.276 24 39.342 25 32.113 25 E 54.482 26 E 44.429 26 By contrast, the corridors that indicate the highest levels of sensitivity, namely Corridors E and B_C2 (see diagrams below). The reasons for Corridor E having one of the highest sensitivity ranking include: • The corridor crosses directly through Thabazimbi. The impact would be extremely high where large numbers of people would have to be moved as well as industrial and mining activities. • If the corridor was deviated to avoid Thabazimbi it would have to cross a mountain range on both the eastern and western side of Thabazimbi. This would have a high impact on pristine habitats generally DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxiii DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Ma'gen Industrial S"fIlICI''; PBA International found in mountains and hills as well as increasing the fire risk of the corridor due to the steep slopes that would have to be crossed. • The corridor crosses through the middle of the Ben Alberts Nature Reserve. This would constitute a high visual, social and biodiversity impact. • Corridor E crosses through the middle of sensitive micro-habitat known as the Northern Turfveld (situated between Thabazimbi and Northam which holds the core of the remaining population of Yellow Throated Sandgrouse with the possibility that another Red Data species, the Short-Clawed Lark also occurring in the area. " Corridor Corridor 8-C2 E • South of Thabazimbi, space constraints become an issue as the area between Thabazimbi and Northam has intensive mining interspersed with agricultural activity through which the R510 and railway line pass and there is not sufficient space for the proposed power lines. The reasons for the higher sensitivity of Corridor C_B2 are: • The length of the corridor increases its sensitivity ranking as the section that loops around the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve adds an additional BOkm (approximate) to the corridor increasing the length of impact the corridor could have on the biophysical and social environment. • The area immediately north of the Pilanesberg has been allocated a very high heritage sensitivity rating due extensive Late Iron Age settlements in a triangular area between the mountains of Mmatone, Mogare and Phatswane on the farms Witkleifontein and Tuschenkomst, These Late Iron Age cultural landscapes have been earmarked as a "No Go Area" • The north eastern section of the corridor on the perimeter of the Pilanesberg is difficult due to a number of large and growing settlements on the farms Modderkuil, Koedoespruit, Zandfontein amongst others. The other corridors ranked between 20 to 26 are situated largely in the western half of the study area where there is fewer disturbances to the environment by infrastructure developments. From the above table it can be seen that the top.ranked corridors with the lower sensitivity rankings remain so between the pre- and post mitigation mapping exercise. Therefore, the short list of corridors was selected from these, namely, Corridors Ba, C_B2, C_B3, D and F with recommended deviations due to space constraints and topographical issues. With regard to Corridor Ba, the deviation called Corridor A_Marico (Bushveld FU) was included as the section of Ba running parallel to and west of Groot Marico is topographically an issue due to the steep gorges in the areas as well as crossing pockets of dense populations of people such as Koffiekraal. The deviation formed part of DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxiv DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen hd\;str'8J Ser",;es PBA IntGrnaliona; Corridor A and was called A_Marico. A deviation was including on the Marico this corridor that avoids a large and heavily concentrated area of centre pivotsl Deviations on Corridor D were introduced because of space constraints around the town of Northam and the Spitskop substation because of proposed residential and industrial developments for that area as well as proposed mine expansions. See diagrams below indicating the short listed corridors and deviations. Corridor Corridor o C-B2 'Corridor Corridor C-83 F DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxv DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DE1R DeltaEpsilonV2.doc \.:1argen Industria! PBA intGrnationai Corridor Ba The purple lines on the map to the right refer to the main corridors selected for detailed specialist assessment, and the orange lines are the proposed deviations on the some of the corridors. SPECIALIST ASSESSMENT OF SHORT LISTED CORRIDORS Avifauna • Collisions and electrocutions, disturbance .. of breeding birds and destruction of habitat all impacts that power lines could have on birds. • Collisions are seen as the biggest threat posed by transmission lines. Electrocutions are not seen as a problem because of the large size of the clearance between live components of the power lines making it virtually impossible for birds to bridge the air gap between the components • Destruction and transformation of microhabitats could lead to an alteration of or reduction in suitable habitat that could lead to birds leaving an area. • The construction process includes noise and an increase in human population and movement could also impact on breeding activities leading to breeding failure. • Habitat in the whole study area was assessed in order to identify sensitivity zones to identify areas of high and low risk to birds. • A GIS system was used to calculate the percentage of a given sensitivity zone within a corridor. The percentage of a zone in a given corridor was then multiplied with the sensitivity score of that zone, to arrive at a final sensitivity score for that portion of a zone that falls within a given corridor. Finally, a total sensitivity score for a corridor was calculated by adding up the final sensitivity scores of the different • From the above, Corridors C_82 and C_83 were the preferred corridors. The reasons for this include: • Both corridors cross the highest percentage of cultivated land as well as highest percentage of subsistence farming than the other corridors. Cultivation transforms original habitat making these areas unsuitable for large terrestrial species. • Both corridors cross the least distance of natural grassland in the study area where Red Data species like the highly endangered Blue Crane are likely to be found. • The least preferred corridor, Corridor Ba in contrast crosses the highest distance of natural grassland along its alignment thereby increasing the risk of impacts. • Corridor C_B3 also crosses the least amount of rivers and both corridors have the lowest percentage of waterbodies in them that are favoured habitat for birds. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxvi DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar-non Industr;a! Services f'bA Intern31iona: Biodiversity: • Impacts resulting from power lines on ecological attributes of the study area are largely restricted to the physical impacts on biota or the habitat in which they occur. • Direct impacts: destruction of threatened flora species, protected tree species; impacts on threatened and common fauna species and destruction of sensitive/ pristine regional habitat types; • Indirect Impacts: include floristic species changes within servitudes; poaching and impacts on surrounding habitat! species; • Cumulative Impacts: impacts on SA's conservation obligations; an increase in local and regional fragmentation/ isolation of habitat; and Increase in environmental degradation. • Biophysical attributes of the study area were identified and ascribed sensitivities in relation to the construction and operation of the proposed power lines. Biophysical aspects considered were: topography and slopes. conservation areas; surface water: land cover and land use: fame farms: regional vegetation. • A biodiversity sensitivity map was compiled by means of a GIS analysis of overlaying databases of biodiversity attributes and sensitivities. • In terms of general regional sensitivities, the woodland biome was more sensitive than grassland areas, as a result of the severity of impacts associated with clearance of the woody layer during construction as well as maintenance of the servitudes. The loWer sensitivities in the southern parts of the study area was as a result of the high fragmentation and isolation factors caused by agricultural areas, urban development and mining. • The short listed corridors were analysed in terms of biodiversity sensitivities and Corridors C_B3 and C­ B2 were the corridors that showed the lowest overall sensitivity ranking • This was due to the fact that the corridors have a relatively low distance of high sensitivity areas (such as rivers and natural, unfragmented habitat) along them. • The corridors cross low sensitivity areas such as the areas to the west and north of the Pilanesberg where informal settlements are spreading and where overgrazing and over utilisation of vegetation is occuring. The corridors contain large transformed areas caused by informal settlements and crop farming in the south. • Corridor Ba shows the higher degree of sensitivity as it runs parallel to major rivers in the central and southern parts as well as containing large' areas of natural habitat Economic: • The economic micro-analysis of the study area focused primarily on the impact on agriculture and tourism sectors as it was determined that these sectors would affected by the power line project. • The study area is characterised by agricultural activities with the southern section characterised by intensive crop production whilst the northern area is largely livestock and game farming and hunting. • Although hunting is included in the standard industrial classification for agriculture, it was decided that because of its importance, the hunting sector would fall under the tourism assessment. Agriculture: • The agricultural sector in the study area compared nationally is low with the study area contributing approx. 3.4% to the national agricultural sector and employs 5.1 % of national sectoral employment. • The main types of agricultural activities include maize, sunflower, soya and livestock farming. • Corridors were assessed in terms of the total ratio of crop cultivation taking place in them. • The results indicated that of the shortlisted corridors, Corridor 0 would have the least impact • Corridor 0 crosses areas that are used for game farming, tourism and from Thabazimbi southwards, mixed land uses including mining, agriculture, growing formal and informal settlements and planned housing developments north of Rustenberg. • Corridor 0 crosses one of the lowest area of centre pivot farming DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxvii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~Jlargen ~ndustriai SefV;C(;:'> peA Interna;iona! Tourism: • Is dependent on games farms and hunting activities especially in the northern part of the study area. • The Limpopo province received the highest income generated by hunting (2005/2006). • The method for evaluation to identify the preferred corridors was to identify corridors with the least amount (ha) of hunting farms and game lodges. • After the integration of all results. Corridor D was identified as the corridor that will have the one of the lowest impacts on the tourism industry. • This was attributed to fact that the area ,south from Thabazimbi to Northam and around the Pilanesberg, main land use activities are mining with small areas of game farming interspersed. The area around the Pilanesberg is already disturbed by mining activities. residential areas and power infrastructure thereby limiting the presence of game farms in this area. Overall • The gross income generated per ha for hunting farms and game lodges and for crop farming were combined to see which of the corridors would ,have the lowest combined economic impact and the result was corridor D. ' Fuel load/Fire Risk • Fire is an environmental factor responsible for faults on power lines. • Fire faults are highly influenced by local atmospheric conditions, slope of terrain. and magnitude of grass fuel loads. • The potential of vegetation to produce high fuel loads and the character of the terrain morphology was investigated in order to identify environments with high fire risk potential for power lines. • 233 survey sites were surveyed to assess fire risk. Information recorded included quantitative information on grass fuel load; grass fuel load estimation; soil form and texture; slope, aspect, dominant woodland and grassland vegetation; presence of alien/invasive plant species, organic material accumulation and land use. • In addition, modelling of fire risk information from satellite imagery was undertaken. These indicated that western half of the study area especially in the north has lower fuel loads than the eastern half and that there is a gradual, persistent increase in areas of higher fuel load from west to east. • There are less mountainous areas in the west apart. Mountainous vegetation cannot be easily managed and high fuel loads can be expected along mountain ranges. The drier and arid climate in the far west inhibits the amount of grass layer produced thus naturally limiting the fuel load. • The assessment looked at corridors that cross the least possible distance through high risk vegetation with the associated lesser fire risk as well as assessing the influence of slope • Of the corridor options identified as having the lowest impact after taking into account all sensitivities. the overall preferred corridor in relation to fire risk is: th • Corridor C-B2 (6 in sensitivity of the 26 corridor options). th • Corridor C-B3 (10 in sensitivity). th • Corridor Ba (14 in sensitive). • Corridor F (19th in sensitivity) th • Corridor D (20 in sensitivity. • Of the corridors proposed by PBAI, Corridor C-B2 would be the most preferred, followed by Corridor C­ B3. Corridors F and D are least preferred with the corridors having a very high fire risk. Heritage • Heritage resources found in the study area included archaeological sites (stone walled sites and settlements, Stone Age sites). graves and burial grounds, landscapes and natural features of cultural importance and historical settlements and townscapes. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxviii DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services ['SA International • Two main types of impacts could occur on heritage resources, namely physical impacts where the construction of power lines impacts directly on heritage resources and a visual impact where power lines affect the aesthetic and visual appearance of historical or natural landscapes. • Impacts caused by power lines on heritage sites could be less severe than impacts from more drastic developments such as mining, town development or dam bUilding which have major and permanent effects on the environment. • It has been assumed that apart from 'no go' sites, the impact of overhead power lines on heritage resources will generally be low as the only footprint left are the towers which cover a limited area; the power· lines can be constructed so to avoid heritage sites and heritage sites can be conserved beneath power lines if pylons are spaced in such a way that they do not affect the sites .. • The assessment of the corridors looked at the presence and significance of heritage sites within and close to the corridors • The assessment of the impacts on heritage resources identified in the preferred corridors indicated that although there a number of no-go sites in the central section of the study area, Corridors C-82 and C­ 83 are the most preferred as the corridors avoid all the 'no-go' sites and overall, the corridors will impact on a lower number of heritage resources than the other corridors .. • The assessment of the impacts on heritage resources identified in the preferred corridors and before mitigation measures indicates that although there a 8 no-go sites in the central section of the study area, Corridors C-82 and C-83 are the most preferred as the corridors avoid all the 'no-go' sites and overall, the corridors will impact on a lower number of heritage resources than the other corridors. Social Assessment • The following impacts were expected: Health impacts: o (HIV/Aids and STDs)as a result ot'the influx of construction workers and job seekers; o The potential health and safety impacts as a result of land use changes. Land use changes include displacement of dwellings, loss of agricultural land and displacement of centre pivots and infrastructure • Socio-cultural changes, resulting in: • Impact on sense of place (tourists) • With regard to the potential impact on sense of place, the following sensitivities were allocated to different land uses: LAND USE BIOSPHERE NATIONAL PARKS NATURE RESERVES, GAME FARMS, TOURIMS ROUTES, HERITAGE PARK TOWNS, VILLAGES, GRAZING AREAS, CULTIVATED AREAS MINING, INDUSTRIAL AREAS, ROADS, RAILWAY LINES, POWER LINES • Overall, Corridors C82 or C83 were preferred because of the following reasons: o The corridors contain existing power lines and any additional impacts on the landscape have a correspondingly smaller effect. Hence, the aesthetic impact of placing power lines in a landscape that already bears the marks of development would be less than that of placing it in a relatively unspoilt environment. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project xxix DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2_doc Maroen i'1dustnal Servlcos PBA lr)tGrnational o The corridors do not cross any nature reserves hence reducing their impact on areas that are visited regularly by tourists . o Although the corridors cross a high number of game farms, it was preferable that the power lines follow existing infrastructure thereby keeping the far western and far eastern areas intact. • With regard to potential impacts on health and safety as a result of change in land use including the need to relocate people, the following sensitivities were allocated to different land uses: • The assessment focused on the potential number of households that could be displaced as a result of the construction of the power lines as well as the occurrence of centre pivots and landing strips that would be affected by the project. • Corridors C_B2 and C_B3 were preferred followed by 0 and then Ba. The reasons for this are: • The distance covered between Delta and Epsilon for Corridors C_B2 and C_B3 is shorter and the shorter the distance, the lower the number of people and farm portions to be affected. • Following existing lines will reduce the added impact of new access routes to power lines, hence maintenance activities can be better consolidated and less people will be impacted during operation • Few landing strips as these probably have been built away from the existing power lines because of the danger and unsuitability of building a landing strip near power lines • The area to the west of the Pilanesberg is considered a problem due to the high number of people scattered throughout this area. It was predicted that people could move into the servitude and that a high number of people would have to be resettled. Visual • In order to assess the potential impact of the power lines on the visual environment, landscape character, quality and "sense of place" were used to evaluate the visual resource or the receiving environment. • Visual receptors are views to the proposed project. Sensitive viewing locations include residential properties, roads, tourist destinations and nature conservation areas. • Visual impacts are measured as the change to the existing visual environment caused by the project and the extent to which the change compromises, enhances or maintains the visual quality. • The visual character of the study area is largely natural with concentrations of man-made features around towns and settlements. The study area consists of three dominant natural landscape types: rocky hills and koppies, flat rolling plains, river valleys and their associated drainage lines. Man-made interventions include towns, settlements, mining, power infrastructure and cultivated farmland. • The assignment of different sensitivity values of the visual environment and viewers towards the potential impact of power lines resulted in the identification of certain areas of a high sensitivity. • Visually sensitive landscapes that have an inherent scenic beauty, including mountains, hills, rivers and other water bodies were highlighted. Additionally, sensitive views including views from conservation areas and residential areas and settlements were identified. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~J1r.H't~en Industria! Service,s PBA Intc(n,11'ona! • The occurrence of these areas was measured along each line. The total length of potential impact was then divided with the total length of the respective corridors, resulting in a percentage of potential impact upon a sensitive landscape or viewer per corridor. • From the above it was ascertained that the corridor that presents the least amount of potential high impacts along its length is Corridor Ba which crosses an area that has not been impacted on by power line infrastructure). • Corridor Ba runs through an area that is less densely populated and the corridor crosses an area that is relatively flat with little topographical complexity apart from the Dwarsberg and hilly escarpment area in the Groot Marico areas. • The physical change to the landscape at the project site must be understood in visibility and aesthetic terms hence the effect that the power lines will have is measured by the intensity of visual impact which was determined using visual intrusion, visual exposure and viewer sensitivity criteria • Visual intrusion is measured as the intensity of intrusion that the project will have on available views • Each corridor was assessed in terms of their total percentage of potential impact along its length. • Corridor Ba presents the least amount of potential high impacts along the length of the line. It should however be stressed that the corridor traverses 'greenfields' sections of the study area, that is areas that are presently without linear infrastructure hence is not preferred. • It would be preferable to consider Corridors 0 since it is located in the vicinity of existing infrastructure and indicate fewer incidences of conflict areas as compared to the other options. Cumulative Impacts Cumulative effects are commonly understood as the impacts which combine from different projects and which may result in significant change over time. Given the size of this project, and the presence of a number of transmission lines in the study area, it is expected there will be some level of cumulative impact on the environment. Cumulative impact is central to identifying the best combination of the power lines in the environment. The following are specifically considered: • Combining all the lines into a single "industrial" or "utility" corridor. • Separating the lines into two or three corridors of three or two lines each. • Following other linear infrastructure, and other transmission lines in particular. • Creating new corridors. The above are then considered with regard to the following potential impacts: • Impact on the development initiatives on the wider area. • Impact on individual landowners. Past EIA studies have consistently shown that placing a new power line next to an existing line results in an overall reduction of the impact of the new line; the same service roads are used, adjacent land practices have adapted to the lines, and the landscape is already altered by the first line. It is estimated that an existing line may reduce the impact of a new line by 20% or more. Clearly Corridors C-B2/3 and D offer the greatest opportunity for following existing power lines. Site Impacts - impacts on farms It is a simple equation that the more power lines on a farm the greater the impact and the bigger the power lines, the greater the impact. Direct impacts centre around: • Restricteclland use and farming activities, • Reduced property values, • Visual impact, • Invasion of privacy and security (uncontrolled access, contractors on site without notice, damage to property, etc.). DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxxi DEAT ReI.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MiH(Jen PBA Internal!ona! Indirect impacts are more difficult to measure. Many relate to individual, personal, views of the benefiUdisbenefit of power lines on their property. Experience on other power line EIAs provides a number of observations on the acceptability of new power lines: • Most private landowners are resistant to any power line. Compensation offered by Eskom is generally not seen to balance their perception that power lines are a net negative impact on the land. Many initially insist that Eskom buys their farm rather than register a servitude (right of way). • By contrast, inhabitants of communal or tribal land have often been observed to see the power lines as a sign of progress and are generally more accepting of power lines. • Many landowners see the acceptance of a power line to be their contribution to national growth, and therefore their sacrifice toward the national good. • Many landowners see the argument that placing a new line next to an existing line is a lower impact than placing the new line on a new route. As. a result, many will accept a second line. However it is observed there is a tendency for greater resistance for the third or more lines. • Many landowners feel that other landowners should also share the burden of accepting national infrastructure on their farms. The tipping point is observed to be generally after the second line. • Preservation of personal property is generally the stronger reaction to new power lines. Preserving the environment of the community or region as a whole is generally a secondary to protection of personal property. There are other observations more specific to land use: Land use defined by production from the land include • This includes crop farming, grazing, intensive agriculture such as centre-pivots, tunnels and feedlots, and mining. • Power lines will generally have a direct site impact. Many land uses can continue though there may be limitations (restricted irdgation under the lines, prevention of use of GPS ploughing near power lines). • Economic impacts are generany more measurable, with better results in achieving more mutually agreeable compensation. • Impact on the district or region is low to negligible. Land use defined by landscape and visual quality include • More specific to the tourism industry • These properties are dependent on the facilities and services on site, the ambience and, the natural or wilderness environment, the quality of that environment within the property. However, the property is also dependent on the scenic quality and similar tourism attractions in the wider area (district, region). • Power lines therefore impact on the district and region as well as having site specific impacts. • Economic impacts are more difficult to measure. The tourist market is a broad sector, and while some visitors may not return, other may come in their place. Nevertheless, in the Delta-Epsilon study area a common theme of the tourism business is selling the "wilderness" of the area. Power line$ are not compatible with this theme. • Depending on the number of lines, the impact on a district or region may be significant. Cumulative assessment of corridors Single "Industrial" Corridor: Impact on individual farms: The cumulative impact on properties of a single corridor of six lines placed to the existing corridor of 5 x 400kV lines is seen to be severe, highly significant (negative), and Intense. This combination of lines will substantially alter the land use of the farms. The only fair method of compensation of landowners would be to buy the farms affected. DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV TransmiSSion Power Line xxxii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Sorvices ~lBA International The impact on neighbouring farms is seen to be of moderate-high significance (negative) with medium-high Intensity. In the central and southern areas, after the lines have split into two corridors, the impact on individual farms is seen to be medium to medium-high. Disruption on land activities (ploughing, centre-pivots) as well as higher potential for relocation of houses exist. Economic losses are more measurable and therefore compensation is more likely to be fair. As a result the overall impact may drop to medium-Iowan a farm by farm basis. Regional impacts: Impacts on the district and wider region would be seen to be medium (negative) in the north, compounded by the existence of the 5 x 400kV lines here. This 760m corridor would be a significant landmark, but the adaptation of the wider area to this corridor would be mainly confined to the edge effects on either side of the corridor. Further south, where the lines split up, the impact on the district and region is considered to be medium-low. It will affect tourism development in the central part of the study area, but as described above this is of lower intensity than the northern areas. Further south, the district impact is seen to be low, with greater cumulative impact experienced at individual farm level. Two Corridors of three lines each Impact on farms: Impact on individual farms in the north will be of medium-high to high significance (negative), and intense. The higher impacts will be where there will be combinations with existing lines Impacts on farms in the central and southern areas will be the same as those described for the "industrial" corridor option where the lines split, i.e. medium to medium-high with a greater chance of mitigation to medium low with fair compensation. Impact on the region: Impact on districts and the wider region is seen to be medium to medium high in the northern areas. Here there may be three "industrial" corridors of five-four-five lines each from west to east. They are expected to be more of a presence in the region than a single corridor, with frequent reminders of the development as one travels through the environment. In the southern areas the impact is as described for the previous solution; medium-low. Three Corridors of two lines each Impact on farms: The overall cumulative impact on individual properties will be less than the other two solutions, especially if double circuit hexagonal configuration towers can be used. This would mean one tower per corridor. In this case the cumulative impact could be medium-low, but medium if two separate single circuit towers were used. In the new corridor the cumulative impact would be low as there are very few linear developments in this area. However the potential for additional power lines in the future is suddenly increased. Impact on the region: Impact at district and regional levels will be more significant than the other two solutions. In the north there will be four transmission corridors through the area; two-five-three-four (from west to east). It is expected that the "wilderness" feel of that region will be all but lost. An impact significance level of medium-high is estimated as a minimum. An exception would be if double circuit towers could be used, in which case the significance map to medium-low to medium. In the southern areas the district level impact is seen to be low for this option. INTEGRATED OVERVIEW AND ROUTE SELECTION The table below is a summary of the specialist's preference with regard to the short-listed corridors. The corridors are numbered in the specialist preference, hence their first choice being 1, second choice 2, etc. Corridors C_B2 and C_B3 are regarded as one corridor as they follow the same alignment through most of the distance between the two substations: DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxxiii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MarDen Il1l1us!rial Services PBA International Corridor o.Nm ~~ o.i:m I'D III I» ~ all IO~ IO~ .. ~i'~ ~ Ni'~ .. ~ SpeCialist study 3. . 0. 0 So:!. I»() g:o :::I - ii' o· :::I i: I» ::::I• 8 m~ N _. . 0. 0 ~~ .. 0 ::::I. 0. ~ c 3. -0. 0'0 ~. :::I .. c < .. ii' ::::I. -0. 0'0 :::I .. c :!. . 0. 0 "111 Avifauna 1 1 3 2 Biodiversity 1 1 2 3 Economic 3 1 1 1 2 Fuel/Fire 1 3 2 2 Risk Heritage 1 1 2 3 Social 3 2 2 1 Visual 3 2 2 1 From the above table, the 'central' corridors (C_B2 and C_B3) and Corridor 0 come out as the corridors preferred by the specialists. The reasons for the preference for the central corridors is summarised as follows: • Following existing lines will reduce the impact of new access routes to power lines, hence maintenance activities can be better consolidated and less people will be impacted during operation of the power lines. • Using existing access roads will also lower the impact on the vegetation as new access roads add to the fragmentation and disturbance of additional areas whereas with existing power lines there are existing access roads thereby limiting the overall impact. • The corridors will impact on a lower number of heritage resources than the other corridors. Identified 'no-go' areas to the immediate north of the Pilanesberg are avoided by the alignment of the corridors. • The corridors do not cross any nature reserves hence reducing their impact on areas that are visited regularly by tourists. • The corridors cross the least percentage of natural grassland in the study area where Red Data species are likely to be found. • Corridor C_B3 (for instance) crosses the least amount of rivers and has the lowest percentage of water bodies along them hence there will be less risk of impacts with birds that favour this habitat type. Additionally rivers contribute significantly towards the local and regional biodiversity of an area hence the risk of impacting on these areas is less than in some of the other corridors • In the corridors, the extent of high biodiversity sensitivity areas that will be affected is the lowest, whilst the extent of low sensitivity classes is the highest With regard to the preference for Corridor 0, there are some similarities with the central corridors such as: • Following existing lines will reduce the added impact of new access routes to power lines, hence maintenance activities can be better consolidated and less people will be impacted during operation of the power lines. • Using existing access roads will also lower the impact on the vegetation as new access roads add to the fragmentation and disturbance of additional areas whereas with existing power lines there are existing access roads thereby limiting the overall impact. • Although there are a number of 'no go' heritage sites in the corridor, they can all be avoided by the careful placement/alignment of the power lines. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV TransmiSSion Line Project xxxiv DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen IndUSi!!ai PBA Internationai • Although Corridor Ba (and deviations) will have the lowest visual impact, the lack Of large linear infrastructure along the corridor makes introducing power lines into a greenfields area highly problematic hence Corridor was the next best corridor from a visual perspective having a less intense impact on visual receptors and visual quality. • From an economic impact perspective, Corridor D was identified as having the lowest impacts on crop farming and on the tourism industry. This is attributed to fact that the area south from Thabazimbi to Northam and east and south of the Pilanesberg, main land use activities are mining interspersed with some game and crop farming and formal and informal residential areas and a large amount of power line infrastructure thereby limiting other activities. • The above disturbed areas also imply that the area will have lower biodiversity sensitivity. Consideration of Impact Assessment: Pre- and Post-MItigation The potential impacts of the proposed power line project were assessed on the basis of generic construction and operation activities likely to take place within the study area. Potential impacts of the proposed power lines were identified by each specialist according to their field of expertise. Distances in each corridor in each level of sensitivity are measured and then multiplied by the sensitivity to get an overall environmental score for each broad issue. These are then added together for each corridor to give an overall environmental score for the project. .. Environmental score for pre-mitigation impacts Sensitivity Sa ~ DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxxv DEAT Ref.: 12/12/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MargGn indust(a! Services f'BA Inlernational Issue/map Sensitivity Ba CB2 CB3 o F Environmental 766 762 n9 788 Environmental DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxxvi DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industria! Services P8A Int(;rnation(ll Sensitivity Ba CB2 CB3 D F Environmental Total environmental 8955 8427 8584 8317 8462 score (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) DEiR"[~;:En~~:m~:r;;;;;;;;;;;;;~;;;;';;:Ti~;;:;;;;;;:t-----------------~xxxvii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Industrial Services PI::lA Intenlationa' A similar process was followed with the post-mitigation sensitivity analysis, and the end results summarised below Environmental score for post-mitigation Impacts A- environmental 7598 7293 7435 7286 7303 7541 score (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) It is possible to gain an estimate of the overall significance rating for each of the corridors by comparing the scores with the equivalent score if the entire corridor were the same score for each issue. For example, a medium score for a corridor would be 3 (medium) x 395 (length of corridor) x 12 (no. of issues) = 14220. This provides the scoring range for a 395km corridor as follows below. As all corridors are of a similar length, the following has been adopted as a guide to environmental significance for all the corridors: Negligible = zero Low = 1 to 4740 Medium-Low = 4741 to 9480 Medium = 9481 to 14220 Medium-High = 14221 to 18960 High =>18961 The tables show that the adjusted environmental scores for each corridor are seen to drop by approximately 13­ 15%, although the overall significance rating remains at Medium-Low on all corridors. This reflects what has been said before that the differences of sensitivity between the corridors is not marked and that the corridors fall within the medium to low impact indicating an environment that will be able to absorb the impacts of the proposed power lines with a certain degree of ease as long as mitigation measures are implemented. The above scores do not take into account the effect of existing power lines in the corridor. There is no exact measure for the effect of combining new power lines next to existing power lines, but as a means of testing the sensitivity of the environmental score to this issue, the following multipliers have been applied: DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxxviii DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2,doc Margen Industrial SelV'ces PBA International MUltipliers adopted for presence of existing power lines in the corridor. ~~~~ .. ""' .• l ...... ~~ . . . . . . .".;:;.;;(~~, .. ' ~~~~I!.()!l ! .... .;(.! , , ' .< • i ii' .../,' Provided tower placements are properly planned and there is no destruction of archaeological sites. graves, or any places of historic significance without mitigation licensed by SAHRA, the effect of placing new power lines next to Heritage 0.8 existing lines will benefit from use of existing service roads (ie avoiding construction of new roads). and that the local environment will have adapted to the presence of the existing lines. The presence of existing lines will already have determined the servitude maintenance requirements, and therefore bush cutting. grass clearing. and general power line maintenance activities will have already affected the habitat. There should also be minimal additional requirement for new service roads, construction camp areas, etc. The added impact of a new power line Biodiversity 0.8 will therefore be less than on a new "Greenfield" site, in some cases substantially less, especially in bushveld areas where the edge effects will be : doubled if the new line were placed some distance away from an existing line, The multiplier used here suggests a 20% reduction in the overall impact of a new line. This is considered to be conservative (low), and the benefits could be higher than this in this study area, particularly in the northern areas. I There is a clear benefit to following existing infrastructure identified in the ! specialist study. Habitat disturbance is less and collision risk is reduced as the Avifauna 0.8 combined lines are more visible. It is expected this factor will be compounded with every new line. The social impact study states that once a natural landscape is scarred by Tourism (sense of infrastructure and development, the effect of additional development is much 0.8 place) reduced. It is expected that the multiplier adopted here will also be conservative. and that the reduction in impact on tourism will be much greater. The impact of a new line on the social environment is more complex and will vary according to location. In many locations, especially in low population density areas, the net effect of a new line next to an existing line may be i negligible or even positive. However, in this study. there is a chance of a net Social 1.2 negative impact potentially compounded by the presence of an existing line. In many cases a power line becomes and boundary line up to which informal settlements and residential areas may develop. A new line may therefore require relocation if it is to run immediately parallel to the existing line. Therefore the multiplier is set above 1 as a cautious approach. It is easier to maintain two or more servitudes next to each other. Servitude Fuel load 0.8 maintenance practices may also improve with benefit to the older lines as well. The' economic element of this is in line with the overall tourism assessment Tourism - economic 0.8 given above. Multiple lines will further limit crop production, and this is provisionally seen as Crops - economic 1.2 having a compounding effect on the impact of a new line next to an existing line. There is seen to be minimal difference between plaCing a line next to existing Livestock - economic 1 line(s) or in a new location. In most cases livestock farming is seen to be minimally affected. Power lines are generally seen to reduce farm values. Reports of reductions in property values of between 10 and 20% have been mentioned. But the effect Land values 0.8 of this will decrease if there are already lines on the property (see statement on scarring under tourism). Visual character 0.8 As above. Visual Sense-of-Place 0.8 As above. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xxxix DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar~leil Indust!lal Services PBA Internatlonai Adopting these multipliers gives the results below for each corridor: Environmental score adjusted for existing power lines. Sensitivity (M-L) environmental Adjusted for 8605 7390 7641 7434 8347 8734 score existing lines (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) Post­ 7598 7293 7435 7286 7303 7541 Total mitigation (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) i (M-L) environmental for 7294 6357 6580 6480 7201 7541 score existing lines (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) From these tables, the ranking of corridors is summarised below with Corridors C-82 and C-83 assumed to be the same corridor as it is unlikely that both will be used in the same project solution. Ranked corridors from least impact (1) to most impact (4) ., .... •.."".',... 'i '''~ricb,' ~.a.; 0·B2I3 Q' F ' , Specialist preferences 5­ 3 1 2 3 Pre-mitigation (excl. existing lines) 4 5 2 1 3 Post-mitigation (excl. existing lines) Pre-mitigation (incl. existing lines) Post-mitigation (incl. existing lines) i=1 5 5 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 Average 5 4 2 1 3 Corridor C-82/3 and Corridor D clearly stand out as the corridors offering least impact as the scores are much lower than the rest of the croup. In certain cases options within Corridor C show very similar, and even better, scores than Corridor D. These two corridors are therefore the most likely corridors to be used as they comply with the technical requirements of the two corridor three line option criteria as determined by Eskom Transmission, The use of the three corridor two line option is doubtful as the use of double circuit power lines recommended for this option have technical constraints as well as creating a new corridor where there is a short distance of existing power lines (Corridor 8a). The single corridor also appears unlikely due to the applicant's concerns with the risks to supply and stability that such an option could pose, Therefore the recommended routes are Corridors C_83 and D. Corridor C_83 is preferred above Corridor C_82 as the impact of placing an additional three lines next to a corridor with 5 existing power lines is seen to be very high and by locating the power lines along C_83 the impact will be spread more evenly, DEIR Detla-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project xl DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen lrlduslrial Services I'BA International IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF RECOMMENDED ROUTES The assessment of the impact that the power lines will have along Corridors C_B3 and B was undertaken. Identified impacts were assessed for the corridors according to extent, duration; magnitude and probability of the impact in order to establish its significance of such an impact. To allow for the impacts to be described in quantitative terms, a rating scale of between 1 and 5 was used for each of the above criteria. Therefore, the significance of the impact is based on a synthesis of the information contained in the rankings attributed to each criteria (per impact) by adding the sum of the numbers assigned to extent (E), duration (0) and magnitude (M) and multiplying this sum by the probability (P) of the impact hence S=(E+O+M)P. Each impact was assessed before mitigation measures are introduced and thereafter once mitigation measures have been applied. Pre-mitigation impacts refers to the worst case scenario where the construction and maintenance of the power lines is undertaken without consideration to the environment and where no measures are implemented to reduce expected impacts. Post-mitigation is where the construction and operation of the proposed power lines have been implemented in line with the recommendations of the EAP and the specialists that reduce the impact of the power lines. The expected impacts during the construction and dismantling phase of the power lines were assessed first. The construction process includes bush clearing, tower pegging, and excavation of foundations, pouring of foundations and erecting the towers. This process normally involves a large construction team and the impacts can be high if not carefully managed. With a project this size, it can be expected that two or three construction teams may be used when the power line are constructed. The impacts can be high but are for a short-term as the construction teams will not be in one area for long. The tables below are simplified summaries of the full impact tables found in Appendices 1-8A and 1-8B. The numbers in brackets ( ) are post-mitigation impacts. after mitigation measures have been implemented. From the table below it can be seen that the impacts between the two corridors is minimal confirming the above assessments that the study area has a medium to low sensitivity to the proposed project. Only site specific areas of high significance differentiate between the corridors. This is mainly due to all the corridors including Corridors C_B3 and 0 running through the same east-west bands of vegetation, land use and environment. The table also indicates that the overall level of impacts is of medium significance (negative) that converts to a medium-low level of significance under a post-mitigation condition. Both corridors also run parallel to existing power lines for at least half of their alignments hence the impacts are unsurprisingly similar. The differences between the two corridors from a construction phase perspective relate to the social and visual issues. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xli DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industnal ScrviCHS tJHA international Construction Phase CORRIDORS In ~ n 0 In ~ ~ wiS: .. 0 .. is: 0 c SENSITIVE SrrES & Specialism COMMENTS Avifauna (habitat destruction) 3 (2) 3 (2) Corridor D: Northern Turfveld IBA in north Avifauna 3 (2) 3 (2) C_B3: Red Data breeding sites in (habitat disturbance) north; D: Northern Turfveld IBA Biodiversity; Destruction of Threatened 3 (3) 3 (3) C_B3: escarpment area west of Pilanesberg Flora species D: mountainous area west, southwest of Thabazimbi Biodiversity: destruction of threatened 3 (2) 3 (2) trees Biodiversity: destruction of threatened 2 (2) 2 (2) faunal species Biodiversity: Destruction of 3 (3) 3 (3) Both corridors: unfragmented, Sensitive/Pristine regional habitat contiguous areas of woodland & grassland Biodiversity: Floristic Species change in 3 (2) 3 (2) servitude Biodiversity: interaction between fauna & 2 (2) 2 (2) construction crews Economic: Decrease in cultivated / crop 3 (3) 2 (2) Both corridors: centre pivot areas in land output southern half of corridors; centre pivots along Crocodile River Economic: Impact on livestock production 1 (1) 1 (1) and movement Economic: Job opportunities 2 2 positive impact; no mitigation measures Economic: Impact on Hunting & Tourism 3 (3) 3 (2) Both corridors: game farms in north and centre of study area;C_B3 has a higher percentage of game farms hence the overall higher impact Heritage: destruction of heritage resources 2 (2) 2 (2) C_B3 has 'no-go' sites, all can be avoided (west of Pilanesberg) D has at least 2 'no-go' sites, will be avoided by corridor alignment Heritage: destruction/damage to graves 3 (2) 3 (2) Social: Relocations 4 (3) 4 (3) C_B3: between Koster & Derby; section not following power lines; D: area immediately east of Spitskop substation + section not following power lines Social: Influx of construction workers, HIV 4 (3) 4 (4) potentially remaining high for both (Aids) corridors; D has more dense populations than C_B3 hence higher overall impact expected Visual: Scenic Quality 4 (3) 3 (2) D more disturbed than C_B3 hence lower impact by power lines Visual: Visual Receptors 4 (3) 4 (3) Both corridors: tourism ventures; D: Pilanesberg, Eco Rhino Park Ranklngs: 1: Low; 2: Low-Medium; 3: Medium; 4: MedIUm-High; 5: High DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xlii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc So!'vices The influx of construction workers can be potentially highly negative but also positive if the local community benefit from the buying power of construction workers. The possibility that construction workers will interact with the community is very high and the transmission of HIV Aids and other sexually transmitted diseases is a highly significant impact. The reason why Corridor D has an overall higher impact is that the corridor crosses more densely populated communities especially close to the eastern and southern boundaries of the Pilanesberg. Mitigation measures are possible (HIV Aids awareness campaigns) but the effectiveness of such campaigns are unknown hence mitigation measures may not reduce the potentially severe impact. The impact of the power lines on the scenic quality of Corridor D is assessed as lower is due to the corridor crossing greater extent of disturbed areas than Corridor C_B3. From Thabazimbi to Northam, Corridor D crosses areas where there are different land uses including mining activities and farming and the area around the Pilanesberg is highly disturbed by existing power lines, mining and informal settlements. Although this means that more people will see the new power lines, the already disturbed environment will lessen the impact than if the power lines were going through a pristine area with no disturbance. The impact table below refer to the operational phase, during which inspection and repair of the power lines takes place as well as the maintenance of the servitudes takes place. This could be a once yearly event if not longer. Eskom Transmission appears to be more flexible in their approach in allowing landowners to do the maintenance of the servitudes themselves. The advantages of this would be to lessen landowner concerns regarding security, gates being left open, animals poached and litter left by maintenance teams The mitigation measures for the visual impact of power lines during the operational phase of such infrastructure are extremely limited and the only mitigation measure is to select those corridors that have a lesser visual impact than the others. The size of the power lines make it impossible to conceal or screen these towers hence these impacts have not been included in the tables for the operational phase. Corridor D is attributed a high fire risk rating as the corridor crosses close to and through mountainous terrain with steep slopes and relatively high fuel loads. This terrain is risky in terms of it inaccessibility to maintain servitudes and fight fires. A very high mitigation level is required to address this risk including clearing the woody vegetation and this will result in an improvement in the overall impact. It should be noted that the fire risk is a risk that can be managed in most conditions (reducing high grass loads, removing alien infestations, avoiding slopes where possible, and appropriate servitude maintenance programmes) hence the reduction of the overall impact to a medium impact. Transmission Power Line Project xliii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/667 294-03 DEIR DeUaEpsilonV2.doc f'v1a r gen lndust;·la! Services PBA Intcrnationai Operational Phase CORRIDORS 0 1 CD~ W§ 9 .. 0 0 is: 0 . .. 0 c COMMENTS I Specialism I i Avifauna (habitat destruction) 3 (2) 3 (3) Corridor C_B3: undisturbed I grassland area in south Corridor D: Northern Turfveld IBA i Avifauna 3 (2) 3 (2) C_B3: Red Data breeding siles in i (habitat disturbance) northern section D: Northern Turtveld IBA Avifauna: Collisions 2 (2) 2 (2) Biodiversity: Soil erosion 2 (2) 2 (2) Ensure that new access roads & lower positions, river crossings are not eroding Biodiversity: Destruction of Protected 2 (2) 2 (2) Trees i Biodiversity: Floristic Species change in 3 (2) 3 (2) Prevent invasion of exotics & • seNitude aliens Economic: Impact on hunting & tourism 4 (3) 4 (3) Both corridors: game farms & activities tourism esp. In north and central I areas Economic: Reduced value of game/tourism I 3 (3) 3 (3) As above properties i Economic: Reduced value of agricultural 3 (3) 3 (3) Areas where economic output will property be affected such as disturbing pivot irrigation systems Heritage: destruction/damage of heritage 2 (2) 2 (2) No go sites for both corridors resources Social: Change in sense of place / place 3 (2) 3 (2) Residences, game farms, tourism attachment ventures Fire Risk: Disruption of power supply 3 (2) 4 (3) D: higher fire risk as crosses mountainous area hence combination of slope and fuel load will increase fire risk; runs close to railway line that start fires Ranklngs: 1: Low; 2: Low-Medium; 3: Medium; 4: MedIum-High; 5: HIgh On average, the severity of impacts both during the construction and operation phases of the proposed power lines is medium with that severity being reduced to a medium to low impact. CORRIDOR CONFIGURATION At the start of the project and during the scoping phase there was an ongoing debate as to whether the power lines should be kept in a single 'industrial' corridor or be separated into 3 corridors of two power lines each. The reasons for separating the power lines was to avoid a situation where all the power lines are impacted on by a single event that could lead to common mode faulting, i.e. where two or more power lines fail as a result of the same event. Hence security and stability of supply were key reasons for this requirement. It was confirmed by Eskom Transmission that the minimum separation distance requirement between the 765kV power line corridors is 10km however this separation distance will depend on the environmental risks to power lines and if assessed as low; the required separation width may be reduced. DEJA Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xliv DEAT Aef.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIA DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industna! Services PBA Inlcrnationni At the end of the scoping phase another option become possible which was two corridors of three power lines. The potential impact of the three proposed options would be the following: • Single Corridor: Potential impact very high, but spatially concentrated • Two Corridors Potential impact is high and spatially less concentrated but limited to two areas. • Three Corridors: Potential impact is high. but spatially extensive and affecting a larger area and potentially more disruptive. The corridor configurations recommended by the specialists was dependent on the preferred corridor and the section of the study area through which the corridor crossed. Specialist study Single Corridor (6 I 2x Corridors (3 lines per 3x Corridors (2 lines per lines) corridor) corridor) Avifauna v Biodiversity v EconomiC " (in northern area) v(for rest of study area) FuellFire Risk " (western corridors) "(central corridors) Heritage " (northern area) 'i (in north and south) v(in central area) • Social " (western corridors) " Visual ~ , (if double circuit cross rope hexagonal towers are used) It can be seen from the above that there is a balance between the three configuration options with the single corridor marginally preferred especially" in the northern areas (see individual specialist reports for the reasons for their preferences). The northern area of the study area has lower population numbers (apart from towns and settlements) and is also an area where environmental risks are generally low and manageable. Game and cattle farming and hunting are the main land uses (apart from crop farming along the Crocodile River) hence centre pivot irrigation systems do not pose a problem for the single corridor. With the above in mind, the use of a single corridor in the northern section of the study area is a possible option. Mitigation measures required to support an industrial corridor would be a rigorous maintenance program as well as possible design considerations to take into account any environmental risks such as flooding where the power lines will cross the MatJabas and Crocodile Rivers. From the Limpopo/North West provincial boundary southwards there is an increase in scattered community settlements as well as more diverse land uses and changing topography with the ability of the single corridors to avoid such areas more difficult and the separation of the power lines becomes more attractive in order to manage impacts by placing the power lines along farm boundaries and manoeuvring the lines around settlements. The environmental risks also increase with the incidence of tornados and fires increasing especially down the far eastern side of the study area. Power lines in these areas will need to be separated by as much as is possible to avoid a situation where all the corridors are affected by a tornado. Multiple corridors lessen the intensity of the number of power lines but can lead to an increase in impacts multiplied two to three times over. It is possible that the intenSity of impact of the industrial corridor with regard to servitude clearance, land use impact and from a visual perspective could be so high that spreading the power DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xlv DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MartJ€Hl industr'al Services PBA Internationa! lines is overall the better option. The separation distance between the corridors will also help minimise the impact especially if the separation distance is such that landowners cannot see the next set of power lines. The impact of a single, two or three corridors can be lessened to some extent by different power lines designs. For instance instead of having two single circuit power lines in a corridor it is possible replace the two with a one double circuit power line instead. These variables are discussed below Single Corridor Positives Negatives Tower Mitigation Problems 6x lines = servitude of Very high impact on one High visibility; high land 3x double circuil lines; High risk re security of 480m (6x 80m) area only; use impact on crop supply & stability of minimum amount of farming network whatever access roads for towers used maintenance; 2 Corridors Visual impact halved; Spread of impact two 1st corridor = 3x 2x HVDCs lines in one , 3 lines per corridor; 3x Burden of power lines fold; standard AC lines; corridor considered a 80m = 240m servitude spread; Different towers designs 2nd corridor 2x HVDC risk to supply in event of More flexibility to avoid & sizes used in corridors + AC line interruption to power sensitive areas will lead to higher visual (reduce visual impact of supply; no reduction in impact; different tower design & servitude size sizes) 3 Corridors Lower visual impact if Spatially extensive; will 1x double circuit cross Does not have the 2 lines per corridor lines are separated so need to place corridor rope tower per corridor; capacity to carry all the 2x 80m = 160m that affected through 'greenfields' estimated load from landowners cannot see area thereby creating 1x HVDC per corridor; Waterberg area hence other lines; another corridor for Benefits: servitude more lines may be Ftexibility 10 avoid most future linear requirement almost required in the future; sensitive areas, infrastructure halved; visual impact None of the towers less impacl on crop lowered (one instead of make provision for the farming as width of two lines) 400kV power line servitude will have low required for Mogwase impact on many land substation uses The lowest Visual and land use Impact Will be the 3x COrridor optton If each COrridor IS populated by a Single double circuit cross rope tower with servitude width of 1DDm. However technically this option is not feasible as the double circuits cannot carry the planned 2DGW hence making it possible that in future more power lines will be needed to carry the power generated from the Waterberg. The risks associated with a single corridor are high especially as the lines move southwards and the impact of one incident on the corridor could lead to very serious power supply disruptions to the country. Hence two corridor option is the middle ground of the two other options where its impact is half that of the single corridor and is less of an impact spatially than the 3 corridor option. It is therefore recommended that the 2 corridor option be utilised. A single corridor in the north is recommended but the burden of placing 6 power lines in one corridor even for a short distance has to be balanced against separating the power lines from the start and spreading the impact along two corridors (and two sets of landowners) from the start. Corridor Recommendation This section sets out the preferred solution in each of the three scenarios presented in this study: • A single corridor solution, • Two corridors of three lines each, and • Three corridors of two lines each. DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project xlvi DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Induslrial S(',rvices PBA InlGrnat'Dna! Single corridor option There is sufficient reason that a single corridor solution for the entire distance between Delta and Epsilon substations will exceed the 1 in 500 year risk levels set by Eskom for a network of this importance. However, a shorter section of single corridor, less than 200km in either the northern or western parts of the study area, would achieve compliance with this design risk standard under current climate conditions. Doubling the risk under a potential future climate change scenario is seen to be a conservative (high) approach, and would still show that up to 200km of the route may be single corridor and still be within Eskom's design risk standard. The most appropriate route for a single corridor is seen to be Corridor B2. The first 150km or so will follow the current 5 x 400kV power line corridor from Matimba and Medupi power stations, and will then continue south with the remaining 2 x 400kV Matimba lines after the Medupi lines have turned off eastwards to Spitskop. At Koedoespruit the lines will separate into two corridors of three lines each. • The eastern set will run north and east around the Pilanesburg and will run past Mogwase Substation south of the Pilanesburg. Here the 400kV line will terminate at Mogwase. Thereafter the remaining two lines will continue to Epsilon along Corridor D. • The western set will continue along Corridor B2 to Epsilon. Environmentally, this solution: • Supports the principle of confining impacts to the smallest footprint, thereby minimising the cumulative impacts on the districts and region, • 11 follows two routes of the lower sensitivity. Areas of high sensitivity near the routes can be avoided. • It follows existing power lines for the greater part of the distance between Delta and Epsilon, • Supports a general view from the public that a single corridor is the better solution for the environment. • It accounts for the environmental risk of tornado events in the study area, although in the last 55km line separation will be less than Eskom's 10km requirement. • This solution will accommodate the inclusion of the HVDC options should these prove technically viable. However, this solution: • Does not comply with Eskom's requirement of power line separation for the entire distance between Delta and Epsilon, • Does not support the requirements of an important sector of the community through which the single corridor will pass. • Will result in highly significant, intense, negative cumulative impacts on properties where six or more lines are placed in one corridor, DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project xlvii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc f\..1ar'~J(~tl industrial ServicE:)::> PBA. Intcrnatiof:a! This solution is not recommended unless: • Eskom accepts the findings of the environmental risk assessment in this study, and • There is appropriate compensation paid to all landowners. Two corridors of three lines each The preferred corridors for a two corridor solution are Corridor C-B3 and Corridor D. The latter will pass the Mogwase Substation where the 400kV line will terminate. The remaining two lines will continue to Epsilon. South of the Pilanesburg the separation of the two corridors will narrow as the lines approach Epsilon. Fora • "'" ,.........""" distance of SOkm the lines will be between Skm and 10km apart, and less than Skm apart for only 6.Skm. Environmentally, this solution: • Supports Eskom's preferred solution of three lines in two corridors, • This solution will accommodate the inclusion of the HVDC options should these prove technically viable. • It follows two routes of the lowest sensitivity. Areas of high sensitivity areas near the routes can be avoided. • It follows existing power lines for the greater part of the distance between Delta and Epsilon, • It accounts for the environmental risk of tornado events in the study area, although in the last SSkm line separation will be less than Eskom's 10km requirement. However, this solution: • Will still result in intense impact on individual properties, with a high (negative) significance rating. In the northern parts of Corridor D and central parts of Corridor D there will be five lines in one corridor. • This solution will also see three separate corridors of four and five lines in the northern parts of the study area, adding to the cumulative district and regional impact of the project. Three corridors of two lines each The preferred corridors for a three corridor solution are Corridor D, Corridor C-B3 and Corridor A-Marico. Corridor D will pass the Mogwase Substation. South of the Pilanesburg the separation of the two eastern corridors (C-B3 and D) will narrow as the lines approach Epsilon. For a distance of SSkm the lines will be between Skm and 10km apart. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project iii DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar~len i"dustnai Services PBA Internationa' This solution is not seen to be preferable to the two corridor solution described above unless the following configuration could be achieved: • 3 x double circuit lines (one in each corridor) • Each tower = 765kV double circuit, hexagonal cross-rope structure Environmentally, this solution: • Is not Eskom's preferred solution but will comply with Eskom's N-2 contingency network design requirement and preference for power line separation, • Offers a low development footprint on the environment. • Complies in part with the principle of running the new lines next to existing lines. However, this solution: • Will add a new power line corridor to the district and region, • Will need an alternative solution for the 400kV link to Mogwase, and may require two single circuit lines in the eastern corridor (1 x 765kV + 1 x 400kV) • Crosses new ground in one of the corridors, and is therefore contrary to the principle of confining the new lines to existing power line corridors. (The alternative would be to utilise Corridor B where five 400kV lines will already exist. However, this corridor would only be recommended where the principle of a single "industrial" corridor is being applied.) • Is subject to the successful resolution of the technical concerns regarding the hexagonal double circuit cross-rope towers. These include construction and maintenance aspects which still need to be tested. DESCRIPTION OF RECOMMENDED ROUTES Within the corridors, routes for the power lines were planned on the basis that the two corridor option of three power lines is the preferred option utilising Corridors C_B3 and D. Therefore the routes will have three power lines with a servitude width of 240m (80m x 3) as well as a buffer of 500m either side of the servitude to enable site specific deviations to take place. A brief analysis of the routes for the corridors is described below highlighting some salient features and spreadsheets that describe the route farm by farm can be found in Appendices 1-10 and 1-11. Corridor C_B3 With regard to Corridor C_B3, the route for the proposed three power lines predominantly follows existing power lines which posed few difficulties. Most of the areas identified as problematic can be addressed by re-alignment of the route. From the farm Zandnek 358LQ (Delta substation site), the new power lines are situated to the east of the existing power lines and there are no problem areas until the power lines cross the Crocodile river where centre pivot irrigation system on the farm 72KQ that may be affect~d. After this, the power lines remain to the east until Rhenosterkop 251 KP where the new power lines cross the existing power lines to the west to avoid the village of Mokgaloneng On the farm Zoetdoorns 259KP, the new lines deviate to the south west in order to join the existing lines on Corridor·B. In order to avoid a settlement, the new power lines are situated to the west of the existing power lines on the farm De Kameelkuil130JP. On the farms Tweelaagte 175JP and Bultfontein 204JP the power lines are situated just over 300m from two settlements. On farm Bulhoek 389JP, the new lines cross the existing power lines to run east of the them due to densely populated area on western side . Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line xlix DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margon Industria' Serv;ces PtlA Intornational From the farms Kosterfontein 460JP and Kortfontein 461JP north east of Koster, the existing power line that was followed deviates away from the corridor to the east and thereafter the route follows farm boundaries and roads where possible or crosses farms where this is not possible. Following farm boundaries is at times difficult due to the alignment of the boundaries that are not always in a north south alignment. Occasionally buildings are found on either side of a farm boundary and discussions with the landowners will need to take place to decide which side of the boundary the power lines should be situated or if the power lines can be divided so that no buildings are impacted on. Corridor 0 There are a number of buildings or structures that may be crossed along the route for Corridor D. This is especially apparent from the Pilanesberg and southwards where the distance followed where there are existing power lines is less than that in the north. It is possible to in most cases to avoid these structures apart from where there are dwellings occurring on both sides of the alignment. There are a few small properties that are crossed by the existing power lines like the farm Driehoek 91 KO (near Sentrum) that will be heavily impacted on the addition of new power lines. From Zandnek 358LO (Delta substation site) the route follows farm boundaries along farms Rooipan 357LO, Rhenosterpan 361 LO and Klipkloof 365LO before reaching existing power lines on farm Modderfontein 385LO where new lines are located west of existing lines. From Modderfontein there are no problems until farm Driehoek 91 KO where the new lines will cross dwellings/structures whether situated east or west of existing power lines. On farms Waterval 337KO and De Blauwe Banken 340KO, the lines cross mountainous terrain and on the farm 354KO the new lines cross to run on the eastern side of the existing power lines. As the power lines approach Spitskop substation near Northam the new lines pass the substation on the eastern side on the farm Wildebeestlaagte 411 KO where a number of structures will be crossed. From Wildebeestlaagte, the power lines run to the east of existing power lines and then will turn south west and on the farm Vaderland 63JO some buildings may be crossed. On the farm Waagfontein 89JO, the power lines will be just over 1km from Sun City Airport. On the farm Onderstepoort 98JO, some dwellings will be crossed and it is recommended that the power lines move to the western side of the farm boundary. On the farm Stroomrivier 236JP, the new lines join existing 400kV power line and run east of this power line until the farm Moedwil 254JO where the lines cross to the west of the existing power line that deviates away from the new lines shortly thereafter on the farm Doornlaagte 318JO. After this the power line route attempts to follow farm boundaries and other linear infrastructure (roads) as much as possible but this is often not possible due to the alignment of the boundaries and roads. It is expected that dwellings and centre pivots will be impacted on in this section and the route deviations (where possible) will limit the impact. RECOMMENDArlONS i. The need for six new transmission power lines between Delta substation and Mogwase and Epsilon substations has been demonstrated as being important to the future economic development of Gauteng and the West Rand areas, as well as to the country as a whole. It is also seen that the negative impact of the project on the local environments in the study area will be less than the overall benefit provided to the country. Therefore it is not a question of whether the power lines traverse the study area, but how they do so. ii. A number of combinations of options have been explored and have resulted in three main solutions. The identification of these solutions is influenced by different aspects of the project and the study area. They need public, and Eskom, input before finalising this Environmental Impact Report. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA Internationa! iii. SOLUTION 1: If the solution to the project is to have two corridors of three lines each then Corridor C_83 and D are the preferred corridors. Corridor D will pass the Mogwase Substation where the 400kV line will terminate. Environmentally, this solution will accommodate the inclusion of the HVDC options should these prove technically viable and the option follows two routes of the lowest sensitivity and follow existing power lines for the greater part of the distance between Delta and Epsilon. iv. SOLUTION 2: If the solution is to have three corridors of two power lines, Corridors D, C_83 and A_Marico are used as Corridor D will pass the Mogwase Substation. However this solution is not seen to be preferable as it complies only in part with the principle of running the new lines next to existing lines. It will also create a new power line corridor in the study area and this is generally not well supported by the public. This solution is only seen to be comparable to the other solutions if all the lines are built as double circuit lines (i.e. one tower per corridor). However, this is seen to be unlikely, and it will not support the inclusion of HVDC lines. v. SOLUTION 3: If the solution is a Single corridor of six lines in the northern section of the study area then Corridor 82 until Koedoespruit where the lines will separate into two corridors of three lines each with the eastern set running north and east around the Pilanesburg and past Mogwase Substation continuing to Epsilon along Corridor D. This solution supports the principle of confining impacts to the smallest footprint; it follows two routes of lower sensitivity and follows existing power lines for the greater part of the distance between Delta and Epsilon. It is supported by part of the stakeholders, but not all stakeholders, This solution will accommodate the inclusion of the HVDC options should these prove technically viable. vi. However, while Solution 3 minimises the footprint on the wider area, the impact on individual properties in the northern parts of the study area (where there would be 5 existing + 6 new = 11 lines in the corridor) will be severe and highly signif,icant (negative). Therefore, Solution 3 is only proposed if Eskom offers to buy all properties where there will be more than five lines. vii. There remain uncertainties in the predictions for potential change in the distribution and frequency of tornados. Eskom is responsible for the safe operation of the transmission network and is accountable to government for the planning, design and operation of the network. Unless Eskom accepts the outcome of this study, or is able to transfer accountability for the planning of these power lines to another government department (which is unlikely), the expectation that any part of the Delta-Epsilon lines all being placed in the same corridor for any significant distance is low. This has important bearing on the selection of the best of the solutions presented above, and Eskom must respond to this issue during the review of the DEIA. viii. In principle, the use of 2 x HVDC bipolar lines (600kV or BOOkV) is supported. In particular, this will minimise the need for additional power lines into the future. Therefore the final solution should allow for the inclusion of HVDC lines. ix. However, HVDC lines cannot be included in the project specification for environmental authorisation at this stage. Certain technical issues and health and safety aspects, including HVDC field effects, need to be investigated and assessed for inclusion in the corridors recommended in this study. x. Therefore, it is recommended that the project specification put forward for environmental authorisation comprises 5 x 765kV (AC) power lines (terminating at Epsilon) and 1 x 400kV (AC) power line (terminating at Mogwase). xi. All mitigation measures recommended by the specialists and the EAP as included in this report and the EMP should be implemented by the applicant and contractors. xii. The negotiation phase of the study is a key stage in mitigating the environmental impacts of the power lines. Eskom and the landowners will be able to make local adjustments to the alignment of the corridor to account for local conditions and land uses. For this reason a minimum 500m buffer is provided on either side of the corridor alignment. The buffer size will be reviewed after public feedback on the DEIA. xiii. However, in general, where the new corridor follows existing transmission lines, then the new lines should be placed as close to the existing lines as possible. Where there are no existing lines, the new corridor should follow property boundaries as far as possible. In this case, the DEIR make provision for placing the new lines on both sides of the property boundary. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project DEAT Ref.: 12f12f20f887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen InClus!nai Serv'ces PI:lA InlcrnaUo:1a' xiv, The approach to negotiation should be standardised for all landowners, An indication of the approach to be used should be sent to all District Farmers Unions in the area before negotiation starts. This approach will not set out land values, but will include a procedure for fair valuation. Landowners should be provided with "before power line" and "after power line" farm valuations. xv. Copies of the conditions in the signed options between Eskom and each landowner should be included in the EMP. This should not include valuations and financial details, but should include any conditions for access during construction and maintenance, access roads to be used, location of towers, gate management, etc. xvi. Relocation of dwellings are likely in a project of this size. A preliminary list of likely relocation sites are presented in this DEIA. During the negotiation phase, the negotiator should inform the social specialist of the approach to relocation in each case. Where necessary, the social specialist should do spot checks to assess whether a fair process is being followed and that the affected property owner/tenant is fully informed of the process. xvii. Walk-through surveys of the final corridors need to be undertaken by specific specialists during the design phase of the project when the draft tower positions are known. These specialists include the biodiversity, avifauna, fire risk, heritage and social impact specialists. xviii. It is recommended that the walk-through surveys are done at a time best suited to identifying key plant species. xix. The EMP needs to be updated after the negotiation and walk-through stages. xx. At the time of the requirement of the HVDC power lines for this project, an EIA should be undertaken to address the above issues to ensure that all safety considerations have been met with. xxi. Landowners should be afforded the first opportunity to maintain servitudes on their land in agreement with Eskom Transmission in accordance with specified maintenance requirements. This should be agreed during the servitude negotiation and be included in the conditions of the sale agreement. Landowners should be reimbursed for servitude maintenance done by themselves. xxii. Depending on construction process followed, an independent full time Environmental Control Officer (ECO) should be appointed for each contract and for each section of corridor being built. Hence if the 3 contractors are appointed to build the power lines then there will be three ECOs appointed. xxiii. Contact details of all ECOs (name and cellphone number) must be made available to all directly affected landowners and any I&AP. Summary of key findings of environmental impact assessment: • The assessment of the study area and corridors showed that there are small differences between the corridors and that the corridors fall within the medium to low impact indicating an environment that will be able to absorb the impacts of the proposed power lines with a certain degree of ease as long as the recommended mitigation measures are implemented. • The study area is comprised of two biomes, namely the savanna biome in the central and northern sections of the study area and the grassland biome in the southern section of the study area. • Differences between the corridors relate more to site specific sensitivities and impacts that have been highlighted by public input, the specialists and the EAP • The project was highly complex because of: o The large number of power lines planned for the transmission of power from Delta substation to Epsilon substation o The long distance between the two substations (on average 360km) o The technical requirements of the applicant regarding the separation of the power lines into corridors because of the risk of multiple power line fault if all lines were located in a single corridor o The assessment of the various environmental factors that had an influence on the decision to separate the power lines DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project Iii DEAT ReI.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEIR De/taEpsilonV2.doc ~;1(U{Jen Industrial Services PBA internati()nal o The variety of tower designs for the 765kV power lines that needed to be assessed for the project o Changes to the power generation capacity of the Waterberg area with the introduction of two additional power stations, namely Coal 3 and Coal 4. • Changes in land use especially in the northern section of the study area is noticeable with more properties converting from cattle and crop farming to game farming, hunting and tourism. CONCLUSION It is the opinion of the EAP that the proposed routes with the 500m buffer on either side of 240m servitude as indicated in Maps IV-l0 to IV-ll are the preferred routes as determined through extensive investigation, specialist studies, public participation and design considerations and the construction of the 6x 765kV transmission power lines should be authorised to proceed. The DEIR is submitted to the public for public review and input and once the comment period is over, all comments and additional information received during the comment period will be integrated into a Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) that will be submitted to DEAT and the provincial authorities for authorisation. Della-Epsilon 6x Transmission Power Une Project liii DEAT Ret.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industria! Services PEA inwrnat!onai TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................1 1.1. PROJECT UPDATE SINCE SUBMISSION OF SCOPING REPORT TO DEAT ......................................................... 2 1.2. OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT PROPOSAL..........................................................................................................3 2. PROJECT MOTiVATION ..........................................................................................................................4 2.1. MOGWASE MAIN TRANSMISSION SUBSTATION ..............................................................................................4 2.2. HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT POWER LINES (HVDC) ............................................................................. 5 3. ASSUMPTIONS, GAPS AND LIMITATIONS ...........................................................................................6 3.1. TOWER DESIGN ...........................................................................................................................................6 3.2. LOCATION OF EpSILON SUBSTATION ............................................................................................................ 6 3.3. ApPEALS ON THE RoA OF THE LOCATION OF DELTA SUBSTATION ................................................................. 7 3.4. GAPS AND LIMITATIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE SPECIALIST STUDIES.................................................................... 8 3.5. HVDC FIELD EFFECTS ..............................................................................................................................10 4. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................11 4.1. PROJECT TEAM .........................................................................................................................................12 4.1.1. Decision Making Authority ...................................................................................................................12 4.1.2. Applicant/Proponent .............................................................................................................................12 4.1.3. Environmental Assessment Practitioner ............................................................................................12 4.1.4. Specialists ..............................................................................................................................................13 5. STUDY PROCESS ..................................................................................................................................14 5.1. NEMA PROCESS AND POWER LINE STUDIES.............................................................................................. 14 5.2. OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PHASE OF PROJECT ................................................................... 15 5.3. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES .................................................................................................................16 5.3.1. Mini StrategiC Environmental Assessment.............. ~ .......................................................................... 17 5.3.2. GIS based Integration of environmental sensitivities .......................................................................17 5.3.3. Corridor Evaluation, Short-listing and Analysis of Short-Listed Corridors .................................... 18 5.3.4. Impact assessment of recommended corridors ................................................................................ 18 6. PROJECT PROPOSAL AND DESCRiPTION ........................................................................................20 6.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL .................................................................................................................................20 6.2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF PROJECT ..................................................................................................21 6.2.1. 765kV (AC) Power Lines .......................................................................................................................21 6.2.2. HVDC Power Lines ................................................................................................................................23 6.2.3. Network Stability, Servitude Occupancy and Corridor Separation .................................................. 24 6.3. PROJECT HISTORY ....................................................................................................................................25 7. CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION AND NAMES ............................................................................................29 8. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA..........................................................................................................33 9. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................................45 9.1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION .......................................................................................45 9.2. AIM AND STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT .......................................................................................................45 9.3. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS ..............................................................................................................................45 9.4. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ACTIViTIES ............................................................................................................46 9.4.1. Stakeholder Engagement .....................................................................................................................46 9.4.2. Meetings .................................................................................................................................................46 9.4.3. Consultation during Field Trips ...........................................................................................................47 9.4.4. Consultation during Government Departments .................................................................................47 DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project liv DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Induslnal SerVices PBA Incernational 9.4.5. Consultation Farmers Associations and Other Organisations ........................................................ 47 9.5. COMMENTS AND ISSUES RAISED BY THE PUBLIC ......................................................................................... 48 9.6. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION ......................................................................................................................49 9.6.1. Newsletter and Letters sent to I&APs .................................................................................................49 9.7. WAY FORWARD ........................................................................................................................................50 10. PROJ ECT ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................51 10.1. 'No-Go' OPTION .......................................................................................................................................51 10.2. POWER LINE ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................... 51 10.2.1. Option of Placing Power Lines Underground......; .............................................................................. 51 10.3. CORRIDOR ALTERNATIVES AND DEViATIONS ...............................................................................................52 10.4. TOWER ALTERNATIVES ..............................................................................................................................53 10.5. POWER LINE COMBINATIONS......................................................................................................................57 11. PROJECT ISSUES .................................................................................................................................62 11.1. ENVIRONMENTAL & OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING POWER LINES ................................................................. 62 11.2. CORRIDOR SEPARATION ..................................................: ......................................................................... 63 11.2.1. Eskom Requirements ............................................................................................................................63 11.2.2. Public Comments on Separation of Power Lines ..............................................................................64 11.3. WATER SUPPLY FOR POWER STATIONS...................................................................................................... 65 12. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..... ~ ..................................................................................66 12.1. STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDY AREA ..........................................................................................66 12.2. GIS INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY ................................................................................... 68 12.3. CORRIDOR SELECTION ...............................................................................................................................68 12.3.1. Short List of Corridors ..........................................................................................................................71 13. SPECIALIST ASSESSMENT OF SHORT LISTED CORRIDORS ......................................................... 73 13.1. AVIFAUNA ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................73 13.2. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGy................................................................................................76 13.3. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................... 79 13.4. FUEL LOAD I FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................84 13.5. HERITAGE ...............................................:.: ............................................................................................... 87 13.6. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................91 13.7. VISUAL ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................94 13.8. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................... 99 13.8.1.1. Short Listed Corridors and Existing Power Lines ..................................................................... 99 13.8.1.2. Site Impacts - impacts on farms .................................................................................................99 13.8.1.3. Area impacts - impacts on districts and regions .................................................................... 101 13.8.1.4. Cumulative impact assessment of the corridors ..................................................................... 102 13.8.1.4.1 Single "Industrial" Corridor: Best corridor = Corridor B ........................................................ 103 13.8.1.4.2 Two Corridors of three lines each: Best corridors = Corridors C-B3 and D......................... 104 13.8.1.4.3 = Three Corridors of two lines each: Best corridors Corridors C-B3, D, and A ................... 104 14. INTEGRATED OVERVIEW AND ROUTE SELECTION ......................................................................106 14.1. CONSIDERATION OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT: PRE- AND POST-MITIGATION ................................................... 107 15. IMPACT ASSESSEMENT OF RECOMMENDED CORRIDORS ......................................................... 114 16. CONSIDERATION OF CORRIDOR CONFIGURATION ...................................................................... 118 16.1. CORRIDOR RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................................................121 16.1.1. Single corridor option ......................................................................................................................... 121 16.1.2. Two corridors of three lines each ......................................................................................................122 16.1.3. Three corridors of two lines each ...................................................................................................... 123 17. DESCRIPTION OF RECOMMENDED ROUTES ..................................................................................125 17.1. CORRIDORC_B3 ....................................................................................................................................125 DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project Iv DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tvlalClen Industrial Services PBA Internationai 17.2. CORRIDOR D........................................................................................................................................... 126 18. RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 127 19. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT ......................................................................................... 130 20. CONCLUSiON....................................................................................................................................... 130 21. SOURCES CONSULTED ..................................................................................................................... 131 22. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................131 DEIR Delta-EpSilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project Ivi DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Ma~flei1 !ndusma! Services PBA i'ltcrnat:onai APPENDICES VOLUME 1- MAIN REPORT Appendix 1-1: Copy of letter from DEAT approving the InclusIon of a two corridor option in the Scope of Work Appendix 1-2: Eskom Technical Report. Investigation into the Occupancy of the Power Line Corridors between Delta and Epsilon substations Appendix 1-3: Curriculum Vitae of EAP and Specialists Appendix 1-3: Tower Designs Appendix 1-5: Maps of Corridors Appendix 1-6: Technical Note of Undergroundlng of Power Lines Appendix 1-7: Background Information Documents for Water Pipeline Project Appendix 1-8: Impact Tables for Recommended Corridors Appendix 1-8A: Impact Tables: Corridor C_B3 Appendix 1-8B: Impact Tables: Corridor D Appendix 1-9: Detailed Route Description: Corridor C_B3 Appendix 1-10: Detailed Route Description: Corridor D VOLUME /1- SPECIALIST REPORTS Appendix 11-1: Avifauna Report Appendix 11-2: Terrestrial Biodiversity and Ecology Report Appendix 11-3: Economic Assessment Report Appendix 11-4: Fire Risk Report Appendix 11-5: Heritage Impact Assessment Report Appendix 11-6: Social Impact Report Appendix 11-7: Visual Impact Report Appendix 11-8: Risk Factors Affecting Corridor Separation VOLUME 111- PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Appendix 1: Correspondence with Authorities Appendix 2: Map regarding Public Consultation Appendix 3: Comments and Response Report Appendix 4: Written Comments and Responses Appendix 5: Emalls sent to Interested & Affected Parties (I&APs) Appendix 6: Completed Questionnaires Appendix 7: Information sent to I&APs Appendix 8: Information relating to Landowner/Specialist Meetings Appendix 9: Database of I&APs DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project Ivii DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc iv1argo'l !ndustriai Services Pt3A intornaticrlai VOLUME IV - MAPS Map IY·1: Map of Study Area showing all Corridors Map IY·2: Map of Municipalities Map IY-3: Map showing Biomes and Sections of Study Area Map IY-4: Land Use Map Map IY-5: Conservation Areas and Topography Map IY- 6: Specialist Sensitivity Maps (pre- and post mitigation) Map IY-6A: Avifauna Map IY-6B: Biodiversity Map IY-6C: Economic Map IY-60: Fuel Load/Fire Risk Map IY-6E: Heritage Map IY-6F: Social Map IY-6G: Yisual Map IY-7: Integrated Specialist Sensitivity Maps (Pre- and Post-Mitigation) Map IY-S: Study Area with Short Listed Routes Map IY-9: Study Area with recommended corridors Map IY-10: A3 Maps showing recommended route: Corridor C_B3 Map IY-10.1 to Map IY-9.26 Map IY-11: A3 Maps showing recommended route: Corridor 0 Maps IY-11.1 -11.26 VOLUME V - EMP DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project Iviii DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~,.Aargen Indu~~tr ~a! PBA InlGrnaLDna! Tables Table 1: List of Specialists Involved In Project Table 2: Issues Raised during Public Partlctpation Process Table 3: Correspondence with Stakeholders Table 4a: Various Power line Tower Options Table 4b: Environmental Advantages & Disadvantages of Tower Options Table 5: Summary of Public Submissions regarding Separation of Power Lines Table 6: Integrated Sensitivity Ranklngs Table 7: Avifauna Corridor Sensitivity Score Table 8: Biodiversity Corridor Sensitivity Score Table 9: Economic Trends 2007 Table 10: Agricultural Production per Corridor Table 11: Centre Pivot Irrigation Income Table 12: Combined Impact of Power lines on l:ourlsm Industry Table 13: Combined Impact on Tourism and Agriculture Table 14: Heritage Resources in Study Area Table 15: Heritage Resources: Corridor Ba and Deviations Table 16: Heritage Resources: Corridors C_B2 and C_B3 Table 17: Heritage Resources: Corridors D and E and Deviations Table 18: Sensitivity Attributed to Land Uses: Sense of Place Table 19: Sensitivity Attributed to Land Uses: Health & Safety Table 19a: Post-MItigation Sensitivity Attributed to Land Uses: Health & Safety Table 20: Visual Resources and Receptors per ShortUsted Corridors Table 21: Measurement of Visual Intrusion Table 22: Measurement of Visual Exposure Table 23: Visual Intrusion Impact of Shortllsted Corridors Table 24: Cumulative Impact on individual farms Table 25: Cumulative Impact on district Table 26: Specialist Corridor Preferences Table 27: Environmental Score: Pre:Mltlgatlon Table 28: Environmental Score: Post-Mitigation Table 29: Multipliers for Presence of Existing Power Lines Table 30: Environmental Score: Adjustment for Existing Power Lines Table 31: Preference Ranking of Corridors Table 32: Impact Table: Construction Phase Table 33: Impact Table: Operational Phase Table 34: Separation of Corridors: Specialist Preferences Table 35: Separation of Corridors: Advantages & Disadvantages DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project lix DEAT Ref.: 12112/201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA International FIGURES Figure 1: Example of Cross Rope Suspension Tower Structure Figure 2: Example of Guyed V Tower Structure Figure 3: Corridor Names in EIA Phase Figure 4: Six New Lines in Single Corridor Figure 5: Three New Lines in Two Corridors Figure 6: Two New Lines in Three Corridors Figure 7: Use of Double Circuit Cross Rope Suspension Tower MAPS Map 1 : Epsilon Substation Alternatives Map 2: Delta Substation Alternatives Map 3: Study Area and Preliminary Corridors, June 2006 Map 4: Study Area and Preliminary Corridors, January 2007 Map 5: Study Area and All Corridors, September 2008 Map 6: Map showing Local Munlcpallties In Study Area Map 7: Map showing Sections of Study Area and Biomes Map 8: land Use map Map 9: Map showing Conservation Areas and Topography GRAPHS: Graph 1: Percentage of Least Fire Risk In Corridors Graph 2: Combined Sensitivity of Fuel load and Slope DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project Ix DEAT Rei.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Mar~len Induslrial Serv:ces PBA Intcrnat;onal GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AC - Alternating current DC - Direct current DEAT - Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DEIR Draft Environmental Impact Assessment DSR - Draft Scoping Report EAP Environmental Assessment Practitioner EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment or Early Iron Age EIR - Environmental Impact Report ESA Early Stone Age Eskom Ox - Eskom Distribution Eskom Tx - Eskom Transmission FSR - Final Scoping Report HVAC - High voltage alternating current HVDC - High voltage direct current I&APs -Interested & Affected Parties IBA - Important Bird Area lOP - Integrated Development Plan kV kilovolt (=1000 volts) LEDET - Limpopo Department of Economic Development and Tourism LlA Late Iron Age LM - local Municipality LSA - late Stone Age MSA - Middle Stone Age MW - Mega Watt (= 1000kW) NWDACE - North West Department of Agriculture. Conservation and Environment NEMA - National Environmental Management Act (No.1 07 of 1998) PoS for EIA - Plan of Study for EIA phase of the project PPP - Public Participation Process RoA- Record of Authorisation SAHRA - South African Heritage Resources Agency SDF Spatial Development Framework SR - Scoping Report DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project Ixi DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen indu~tlial Services PBA International DELTA - EPSILON 6 X 765KV TRANSMISSION POWER LINES DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT 1. INTRODUCTION The sustained economic growth in South Africa has impacted significantly on electricity growth. Currently Eskom is planning expansion of the system with an average load forecast of 4% increase per annum. Eskom Generation has to keep up with load demand, hence the need for new base load power stations. The Waterberg and Mmamabula (Botswana) coal beds (also known as the Limpopo coalfields) have extensive, easily accessible coal reserves. A new power station, Medupi, is currently under construction close to the existing Matimba Power Station. Additionally, the Mmamabula Power Station (PS) is proposed and this will provide surplus capacity to South Africa thereby augmenting Eskom's generation plans. Transmission integration studies indicated that the optimal solution to minimise the number of planned Transmission power lines from Mmamabula and Medupi Power Stations was to couple the two power stations to the new Delta substation near Lephalale. In order to transmit the power to load centres in the Rustenburg/Brits area, Gauteng and further south, Eskom Transmission plans to build six new extra high voltage transmission lines from Delta substation to a new substation (Epsilon) near Potchefstroom. The Delta and Epsilon substations will become known as Masa and Selomo respectively. However, for the purpose of this report the names Delta and Epsilon will be retained. This draft environmental impact report concentrates on the proposed 6x 765kV transmission power lines to be constructed between Delta and Epsilon substations. This project forms part of the Mmamabula/Medupi Transmission Integration Project that also includes the following projects that have all undergone or are undergoing separate environmental impact assessments. • 4 x 400kV transmission power lines between Mmamabula PS in Botswana and the proposed Delta tv1ottrnt.'t(] • ;,~~} substation near Lephalale; • • 4 x 400kV transmission power lines between Medupi PS and Delta substation and the construction of ", Burotho .'. ~~C(.:IOf'l('I".~r<' >'' ,. _. WiIlNfX.. ;6(U'in:l'~ 765kV and 400kV turn-ins. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen illdustnal Services PBA InWrnalionai The negotiation of the servitudes for the Medupi-Marang-Dinaledi power lines is. almost complete and construction of these power lines is planned to start this year; Records of Authorisation (RoAs) have been issued by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) for the Mmamabula-Delta and Medupi­ Delta power lines and substation and both RoAs ~He currently under appeal. The Scoping Report for the construction of the Epsilon substation and turn-ins was issued for public review on 27 May 2009. The Final Scoping Report (FSR) for this project (Delta-Epsilon 6 x 765KV Transmission Power Lines) was submitted to DEAT, the Limpopo Department of Economic Development and Toursim (LEDET) and the North West Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment (NWDACE) on 15 September 2008. Approval of the FSR and PoS EIA (Plan of Study for EIA) was received on 15 December 2008 from DEAT thereby initiating the next phase, namely the impact assessment phase of the project. See Appendix 111-1 in the Public Participation Report for a copy of the approval. 1.1. PROJECT UPDATE SINCE SUBMISSION OF SCOPING REPORT TO DEAT Since the Delta-Epsilon project started, other power generation projects, currently labelled Coal 3 and Coal 4, are being considered for the Waterberg Coalfields. This had bearing on the required capacity of the network. Furthermore, Eskom investigated options to minimise the footprint of the project in the study area. Stakeholders have been informed about these developments through the issue of a periodic newsletter, letters from Margen Industrial Services and at the landowner/specialist meetings that were held during the last week of January 2009. See the Public Participation Report In Section 9 of this report. The main additions to the project included: • Introduction of a two corridor option. Initially Eskom had required three corridors (two power lines each) to maintain network stability and security of supply. A number of sectors of local communities requested that a single "industrial", or "utility", corridor be considered (six power lines). Eskom has investigated ways of reducing the number of corridors and have developed a two corridor (three power lines each) option. This is described further in Appendix 1-2. • Introduction of HVDC power lines into the network. The original proposal was for 6 x 765kV (AC) power lines, but by replacing two of these with 600kV or 800kV HVDC power lines will increase the capacity of the network to accommodate the additional generating capacity being planned (Coal3 and 4). The technical details of the HVDC lines are set out in Section 2.2. • Introduction of the Mogwase Transmission Substation. An additional demand will need to be met in the Rustenburg/Brits areas, and for this reason part of the Delta-Epsilon network will be diverted to a new substation (Mogwase) near Sun City. One of the Delta-Epsilon lines will feed into Mogwase (see Section 2.1). DEAT and the provincial authorities were alerted to these inclusions into the study in January 2009, and a letter of approval was issued (dated 12 February 2009). See Appendix 1-1 for a copy of the letter submitted to DEAT and a copy of the letter of approval. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line 2 DEAT Rei.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA Intcrnalioi1n! 1.2. OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT PROPOSAL A detailed description of the project and technical specifications is presented in Section 6. The original proposal included 6 x 765kV for the approximately 360km between Delta and Epsilon Substations, split into three corridors of two lines each. As the project progressed and an awareness of additional power generation developed, along with a request from stakeholders to minimise the footprint of the development in the study area, Eskom reviewed the network and has revised the proposal (see Appendix 1-2). The total number of new power lines remains at six, but these may be placed in two corridors of three lines each as follows: West Corridor: 2 x 765 kV + 1 x 600/800kV HVDC East Corridor: 1 x 765 kV + 1 x 600/800kV HVDC + 1 x 400 kV (Delta-Mogwase) The introduction of an HVDC network will increase the capacity of the overall transmission network in the study area, and will accommodate the additional generation capacity from Coal 3 and Coal 4 without increasing the number of power lines. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 3 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industrial Services PBA International 2. PROJECT MOTIVATION Eskom is expecting a load growth of 4% per annum which is expected to result in a need for an additional 40 OOOMW by 2040. Eskom has started the construction of a new base load power station (Medupi power station) that will eventually supply 4800MW of power towards meeting the aforementioned demand. Medupi is located in the Lephalale area. Across the border, in Botswana, an independent power producer (IPP) plans to generate at least 1200MW to augment Eskom's energy obligations. As stated in the technical report on the investigation undertaken on the occupancy of the power line corridors between Delta and Epsilon substation (Appendix 1-2), consideration of the long term generation requirements of Eskom to meet the tuture demand growth has shown that more power stations are likely to be constructed in the Waterberg area in the future. This is due to the large and relatively shallow coal fields in the Waterberg area. Eskom is currently investigating the viability of the next power station, referred to as Coal 3, as well as considering an additional power station, referred to as Coal 4. They will be of similar size of 4800 MW each and these are considered to be the power stations that will form the new power pOOl.1 According to the same report, the long term strategy will be to develop a transmission system which will collect the power generated in this area and then connect it to the various load centres on the Eskom network to ensure a secure and stable network. The concept is to design an integrated power corridor network to accommodate a total of around 20 GW of generation in the Waterberg Power Pool. The 6x 765kV transmission power lines from Delta to Epsilon will provide the bulk of the transmission capacity for this new 20GW generation, but they will be supplemented by the 3x 400kV power lines to Rustenburg and Brits the 2x 400kV power lines to Polokwane and the existing 400kV network. As indicated above, the use of HVDC bipolar lines to increase the transfer capacity of the network from the Waterberg area without increasing the number of power lines is being contemplated. 2.1. MOGWASE MAIN TRANSMISSION SUBSTATION Mogwase main transmission substation (MTS) is to be located south of but close to the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve. The EIA study for this project commenced in June 2009 and the exact location of the substation is yet unknown. The motivation for the project is to augment the Rustenburg four Main Transmission Substations (MTS) namely Ararat, Trident, Bighorn and Marang that supply platinum mining and smelting operations as well as a significant commercial load. Most of the future load growth is expected north of Ararat and to the east of Bighorn towards Dinaledi MTS. The four Rustenburg MTS are constrained by transformation capacity as some of the MTS have reached their design limitations and cannot be expanded. Ararat MTS is one of the MTS that has transformation constraints and will be relieved by Mogwase substation. The Medupi integration plans identified the need for Mogwase MTS to de-load Ararat MTS and create transformation capacity to supply load 2 between Spitskop and Ararat. One of the 765kV power line servitudes will be occupied by a 400kV line terminating at Mogwase. This will strengthen the 400kV network to the Rustenburg area and improve the reliability of electricity supply to the area. I Eskom Technical Report. June 2009. Investigation into the Occupancy of the Power Line Corridors between the Delta and Epsilon Substations, p. 6 (see Appendix I-2) 2 Terms of Reference for EIA, Mogwase 400/1 32kV Substation and Associated Turn-ins, p. 3 DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission 4 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~~ar;)en Industr"ia.! ServiCGS PBA International This has implications with regard to the size of the servitude in which the power line will located as the servitude requirement for a 400kV power line is 55m whereas the servitude requirement for a 765kV power line is 80m. This will enable a small decrease in the size of the servitude by 25m. Mogwase substation will be called Ngwedi substation as part of the renaming of key components of the network, but for the purposes of this EIR the name Mogwase will be maintained. The location of Mogwase, and associated turn-in power lines, is the subject of a separate EIA. 2.2. HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT POWER LINES (HVDC) The use of HVDC power line for the project is being considered as one of the options for the project. This option will potentially provide greater capacity with smaller towers. Eskom Transmission has suggested that it will be able to integrate a HVDC network with the existing AC (alternating current) network. Electric power transmission was originally developed with direct current. The availability of transformers and the th development and improvement of induction motors at the beginning of the 20 Century, led to greater appeal and use of AC transmission. Experimental plants that were set up in the 1930s in Sweden and the USA to investigate the use of mercury arc valves in conversion processes for transmission and frequency changing led to DC transmission becoming practical when long distances were to be covered or where cables were 3 required. Today, the highest functional DC voltage for DC transmission is ±600kV for the 785km transmission line of the Itaipu scheme in Brazil and is now an integral part of the delivery of electricity in many countries throughout the 4 world. Eskom Transmission has completed a feasibility study to see whether it would be possible to integrate and HVDC network with the existing AC (alternating current) network and it was found that this was possible. In looking into how the transmission capacities of the two corridors could be increased to meet the requirements of Coal 4 or even a Coal 5, ultra high voltage AC/UHV and HVDC were evaluated at a high technical level. 5 The full technical report can be found in Appendix 1-2. 3 Woodford, D.A. HYDC Transmission. Manitoba HYDC Research Centre. Canada, p.1 4 Ditto 5 Eskom Technical Report. Investigation into the Occupancy of the Power Line Corridors between the Delta and Epsilon Substations. May 2009, p. 13-14 DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 5 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial SE~rvjces PBA !nterr;ationa i 3. ASSUMPTIONS, GAPS AND LIMITATIONS 3.1. TOWER DESIGN There is still uncertainty regarding the type of 765kV single circuit alternating current tower design to be used in the project that presents a gap in knowledge. The design could either be the cross-rope suspension tower (see Figure 1) or the Guyed-V design (see Figure 2) in Section 4 of this report. The Guyed-V is an older design and uses more steel than the cross-rope design and is hence more visible. The design type chosen could, to some extent, influence the visual impact of the proposed power lines. There is also no clarification as to the design of the HVDC towers. From the technical report on the investigation of line occupancy for the corridors for this project received from Eskom Transmission (see Appendix 1.2) it appears that the height of the towers will be similar to the standard 765kV AC towers. It is assumed that the servitude size for the HVDC power lines will be same as the 765kV lines, namely 80m servitude per power line. 3.2. LOCATION OF EpSILON SUBSTATION The Draft Scoping Report (DSR) for the EIA for the construction of the Epsilon substation near Potchefstroom in the North West Province was released for public comment on 27 May 2009. The scoping report does not recommend a specific location for the substation as yet and this will be recommended in the EIA phase of the project. Although no definite location for the Epsilon substation has been finalised, the possible location has been narrowed down to an area indicated on Map 1 below. It is not regarded as an obstacle to recommending the route alignments for the transmission power lines from Delta substation to Epsilon substation. The Delta-Epsilon route alignments are not seen to vary significantly between the Epsilon site alternatives in Map 1. The overall length of the six lines will only be extended for the more southern substation sites. These will be assessed as part of the EIA for Epsilon substation. DEJR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 6 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEJR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marg'3n Intiustrial S~)'ViCeS PBA IntcnlCironai Map 1: Epsilon sUbstation site alternatives. The landowners affected by the Epsilon substation and associated power line turn-in project are aware of the 765kV transmission lines terminating at the substation. The final location for the substation should have no impact on the final alignment of the power lines. 3.3. ApPEALS ON THE RoA OF THE LOCATION OF DELTA SUBSTATION The Record of Authorisation (RoA) for the above substation is under appeal. Although it was recommended in the FEIR that the substation be located on the farm Kromdraai 513LO situated close to Medupi power station, DEAT authorised that the second preferred site on the farm Zandnek 123LO be the location for the substation. See Map 2 below indicating the two sites. In light of the DEAT decision a number of stakeholders have submitted appeals against the authorisation. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 7 DEAT Re!.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2,doc Mar(:lun !ndustr;al SerVICOS PBA international HOOlJaW,roo 315 i.Q 1 " j ./ , , GMO~~5,~~~" /¢ ,)1' ~/. ,~,"'/ ,> " .;;.;/''\ ", ~ '/A \'x ~~. GBUlDtrlSlO.OOr /' ,, ~/ / / Map 2: Delta Substation site alternatives. Zandnek is the authorised site, but currently under ~ , appeal. The assumption is that if the appeals are successful, then the location of the substation will revert to the original recommended location at Kromdraai. If the substation reverts to tlie originally recommended site, then more landowners will be affected by the 6x 765kV power lines than if the substation remains at Zandnek. Zandnek is situated some 12km south west of Kromdraai hence the farms situated between Zandnek and Kromdraai may be affected by the outcome of the appeal depending on the routes recommended for the 765kV power lines. 3.4. GAPS AND LIMITATIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE SPECIALIST STUDIES Tornados & Climate change Insufficient local data of such events makes quantification of the risk difficult. However, to limit the impact of such events, it has been determined that the power lines should be designed for the highest strength class, namely a return period of 150 years, Game farms & tourism data Difficulties were experienced in obtaining information the amount of game farms in the study area. Maps indicating game farms, lodges and other land uses in the study area (see Map 8 below in Section 8 and Map IV-2 in Volume IV) which reflects the data in this regard. The information is considered important especially for the social, visual and economic assessments that assessed the impact on different land uses with the impact on game farms and tourism activities assessed as being medium to high. In November 2008, detailed questionnaires were sent to all registered I&APs requesting them to complete the questionnaires regarding the activity or land use undertaken on their properties. The questionnaires were also sent with the periodic newsletters that were issued regularly (see Public Participation Report in Appendix III) and to all new landowners contacted. The response was disappointing with the public participation team receiving between 40 and 60 responses. Earlier this year, the public participation team sent emails to all lodges in the study area requesting information and again the response was disappointing. However, in spite of the above response the information ascertained was considered sufficient to assist with the specialist studies and assessments. DEIR Delta,Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 8 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~J1arDCn !ndust~ ,'{I Services 1 f'8A internationai Avifauna: The gaps and limitations identified by the Avifauna specialist were: • SABAP1 data (South African Bird Atlas Project) covers the period 1986-1997 meaning that some of the data was more than a decade old and bird distribution patterns fluctuate continuously according to availability of food and nesting substrate. • Errors in the SABAP1 database, including inadequate coverage of some quarter degree squares meant that the report rates of species might not be an accurate reflection of true densities in quarter degree squares that were sparsely covered. Some squares were very poorly covered and that data was interpreted with caution. • Due to the fact that the SABAP2 project was only launched in May 2007, the amount of record cards for the study area is far less than for the SABAP1 project. This implies that recent bird distribution and density data for the study area is limited. • For an understanding of the dynamics of the avifaunal community on the study site, as well as the status of endemic, rare or threatened species, assessments should always consider investigations at different time scales (across seasons/years) and through replication. However, due to time constraints inherent in the EIA process and the large size of the study area, such studies were not feasible and reliance was placed on extensive experience gained through many studies by the author conducted in the study area since 1996. • Due to time constraints mentioned above and the size of the study area, the avifauna assessment placed a lot of emphasis on the occurrence of suitable habitat, while field investigations were aimed at those areas with a high likelihood of sustaining bird populations of Red Data species that could be impacted by the power lines. Biodiversity: • The biodiversity specialist stated that biodiversity report compiled was based on a strategic investigation and selective sampling of parts of the study area as no long-term investigation of biological attributes and biological diversity that could be present in the study area was conducted due to the size of the study area and the inherenttime constraints of EIAs. Heritage: • The amount of archaeological research undertaken in the study area was disappointing and explained the lack of heritage data and information gaps. Most of the heritage data available are derived from heritage impact assessment studies. • Although the study gained an understanding of the heritage character of the study area, it could not establish the full extent of all the types and ranges of heritage resources that may be present in the area considering its size and extent. Gaps therefore exist with regard to the current heritage knowledge base that can only be filled by means of rigorous and extended periods of fieldwork. • The large extent of the study area made it impossible to undertake a planned and executed archaeological reconnaissance program which is usually part of long-term archaeological projects. Such programmes are undertaken by teams of specialists stretching over prolonged periods of time which allow for surveys and excavations to correspond with seasons when receded vegetation covers allows for higher visibility of archaeological remains. • Heritage resources may be found in unlikely places. Some remains occur below the surface of the earth and may only be exposed once the project commences. Consequently, when chance finds of heritage resources are made, the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) should be notified immediately, all construction activities stopped and an accredited professional be notified in order to determine appropriate mitigation measures for the finds. • In order to ensure that the integrity of heritage resources and sites, no coordinates for sites have been published. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 9 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeitaEpsilonV2.doc MarllUt1 irldustnal Services PBA Inturnationai Social: • Workforce numbers provided to the team when the Post-hoc study was conducted and estimates provided by PBAI were used for the SIA but should not be seen as conclusive. • It was assumed that if an international company managed the construction of the Transmission Power lines, local construction workers will be hired to assist with the construction of the lines. • It was assumed that a single maintenance crew per year per line will be needed to maintain a line. • It was assumed that construction activities will occur in the study area in the next eight years. • The study area covers a sizeable area, and it was not possible to visit every single landowner and land porfion in the study area. The social team was therefore dependent on landowners supplying detailed and correct information about their land portions, provide detailed feedback at meetings, and respond to requests for information from the public participation consultant and social team. • The study was done with the information available to the specialists at the time of executing the study, within the available time frames and budget. The sources consulted are not exhaustive, and additional information might exist. However, the specialist did endeavour to take an evidence-based approach in the compilation of this report and did not intentionally exclude scientific information relevant to her assessment. The social team is confident that the information gathered is sufficient to guide the selection of route corridors with the least impact and the assessment of social impacts. • The 1996 and 2001 census data were data sources used for the baseline social profile of the study area. The census data should be regarded as indicative of broad trends within an area. The Community Survey 2007 was not used extensively as the results of the survey were available only after the release of the SIASS. 3.5. HVDe FIELD EFFECTS Experience with the operation of the two monopolar lines of the Cahora Bassa Scheme has shown at times the air under and near the line can become highly ionised, and as a result, electrically conductive. This in turn causes painful shocks to humans and possibly animals. These shocks are not considered to be life-threatening but are a negative impact of the use of HVDC. In addition, this form of ionic coupling also causes high voltages to be induced in fences and telephone lines. There is also limited evidence to suggest that ionic coupling may in extreme conditions cause the ignition of grass and bushes under the line. This aspect has not been studied in this EIA due to the late awareness if this issue. The study area generally has low population density, and the risk of shocks will therefore be lower. Nevertheless, the risk remains. Additionally, the corridors do pass a more densely populated region in the centre of the study area; some with informal settlement areas and a risk of encroachment into the servitude after the lines are constructed. This point remains a concern and will be further investigated by Eskom Transmission to minimise the above effects. DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 10 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marge" industrial Services PBA International 4. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK The EIA process followed for this project complies with the National Environmental Management Act, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, GN R385 ("NEMA EIA Regulations") administered by DEAT and promulgated in April 2006 and came into operation on 1 July 2006. The NEMA EIA Regulations repealed the Regulations regarding environmental impact assessments (GN R1182 and GN R1183) under the Environment Conservation Act, Act No. 73 of 1989 ("the ECA Regulations"), On 21 April 2006, together with the NEMA EIA Regulations, the Minister also published the following two Regulations in terms of sections 24 and 24D of the National Environmental Management Act: • Regulation GN R386 which sets out a list of identified activities which may not commenCe without environmental authorisation from the competent authority and which must follow the basic assessment procedure as provided for in regulations 22 to 26 of the NEMA EIA Regulations; • Regulation GN R387 that sets out a list of identified activities that may not commence without environmental authorisation from the competent authority and which must follow the scoping and EIA procedure as provided for in regulations 27 to 36 of the NEMA EIA Regulations. The implications for new projects is that should any of the proposed activities fall within the activities listed in GN R386 and GN R387, either a basic assessment or environmental impact assessment will be required by DEAT. The following listed activities are applicable to the proposed transmission power line in terms of NEMA and the EIA Regulations: Government Notice No. R387 of 21 April 2006 Activity 1(I): The construction of facilities or infrastructure, including associated structures or infrastructure, for: "The transmission and distribution of above ground electricity with a capacity of 120kV or more". Important principals contained in NEMA include: • Proposed developments must be socially, environmentally and economically sustainable • There should be equal access to environmental resources, benefits and services to meet basic human needs • Environmental management must put people and their needs first • Decisions must be taken in an open and transparent manner and there must be access to information The EIA study is not only subject to the terms and regulations of the NEMA but must also comply with other applicable statutory requirements that may be relevant to the project. The extensive area that will be crossed by the development implies that the features protected by legislation apart from NEMA may be impacted on hence consideration of such legislative requirements must be taken heed of and adhered to where relevant. Additionally, integrated development plans and frameworks compiled by provinces and municipalities have an impact on the project in that planned future developments and have been considered (where available) when the assessment of possible routes for the proposed power lines. The following is a non-exhaustive list of key environmental legislation that must be complied with: • Requirements of section 38(1 )(a)(c)(iHii) of the National Heritage Resources Act (Act No.28, 1999) and comments and recommendations of the relevant heritage authorities responsible for the area in which the development is proposed; • All provisions of the National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) especially sections 21 and 22 of the Act that ensures sustainable use of water; DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 11 DEAT Rei.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industr 60 With the application of mitigation measures, the significance of the impact could be reduced to a low ranking or class making the use of a corridor more feasible. DEIR Delta-EpSilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 19 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpslionV2,doc Macgen Industnal PBA In10rnalionai 6. PRO.IECT PROPOSAL AND DESCRIPTION 6.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL The original proposal included 6 x 765kV for approximately 360km between Delta and Epsilon Substations, split into three corridors of two lines each. The distance separating the corridors was initially set at 2km to prevent multiple line failure due to veld fires, but as Eskom became aware of the risk of tornadoes, this separation distance was increases to Bkm and then 10km. As the project progressed and an awareness of additional power generation developed, along with a request from stakeholders to minimise the footprint of the development in the study area, Eskom reviewed the network and has revised the proposal as follows (see Appendix 1-2): West Corridor: 1x765 kV + 1xBlpoiar HVDC (4,8 GW operating at ±600 kV, line built for ±800 kV) + 1x765 kV East Corridor: 1x765 kV + 1xBlpoiar HVDC (4,8 GW operating at :1:600 kV, line built for :1:800 kV) + 1x400 kV (Delta-Mogwase) The understanding of the above reference to the corridors relates to the fact that the eastern corridor (wherever that will be) will include the single 400kV power line that will terminate at Mogwase substation. Eskom has further stated that, should the growth not meet the present forecasts, and possibly not require the use of HVDC, Eskom reserves the right to use single circuit 765 kV lines in place of the HVDC lines. Additionally, Eskom has confirmed that the two corridors are to be separated by at least 10 km, so as to limit the risk of a common cause failure in both corridors. Due to demands for additional power in the Rustenburg area, Eskom identified the need for a new Main Transmission Substation (MTS) (Mogwase MTS) to be built south of the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve Mogwase MTS will form part of the Medupi integration project as the substation will receive power from Delta substation as one of the 765kV power line servitudes will include a 400kV power line that will terminate at Mogwase. The EIA for the Mogwase Substation is the subject of a separate study, but this Delta-Epsilon study needs to maintain an awareness that at least one of the corridors will need to pass by Mogwase, or close enough to allow a turn-in to Mogwase. This has an important bearing on the assessment and selection of the preferred corridors in this study. It is important to acknowledge that, despite the changes to the project proposal and project scope during the EIA, the total number of power lines in the project scope has not changed. Furthermore, though there are variations in the tower types and line types, the physical magnitude of the project has been fairly constant throughout. The servitude width per transmission line remains BOm hence the servitude for a corridor with three lines therein will be 240m wide. (The servitude width for a two line corridor is 160m). Together with the above options, the configuration options for the corridors that were investigated in the EIA phase were • 6x 765kV single circuit, cross-rope or guyed V design towers (see Figures 1 and 2 in this report) in a single corridor (minimum servitude of 500m) • 2x 765kV single circuit cross-rope or guyed-V design towers in 3 separate corridors (minimum servitude width of 160m). • 3x 765kV double circuit lines in a single industrial corridor (minimum servitude of 500m) • 1x double circuit line in 3 separate corridors (minimum servitude width of 100m) DEIR Delta-EpSilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 20 DEAT ReI.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Indus:! !al "1"1"'''',0" PBA International • 3 separate corridors containing the following: o 2x 765kV single circuit corridor (minimum servitude width of 160m); o 1x 765kV double circuit power line (minimum servitude of 100m); o 1x HVDC (high voltage direct current) double circuit power line (minimum servitude of 100m) • Single corridor containing all of the options mentioned in option 5 (minimum servitude of 400m), • 3x 800kV HVDC (bipolar) power lines in a single corridor (servitude will be more than 500m) • 3x 300kV HVDC (bipolar) power lines in 3 separate corridors (servitude will be more than 80m). The separation of the proposed power lines is a key issue for this EIA study. Eskom Transmission has indicated that the network design requirement for this project is to separate the 6 power lines into three separate corridors with a minimum separation distance that has increased from 2km to 10km. This separation distance appears to be location specific so that where environmental risks to power lines are assessed as low; the required separation width may be reduced. The new separation distance created a number of variables for the EIA study including the possibility that this larger separation distance may be more acceptable as landowners may be prepared to have one of the two or three corridors on their property as the other corridorls would probably not be visible. 6.2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF PROJECT The technical specifications for the transmission lines are indicated below. They remain the same as described in the scoping phase of the project. 6.2.1. 765kV (AC) Power Lines » Servitude size for 1x 765kV power line = 80m » Height of 1x 765kV power line = up to 55m » Minimum conductor clearance = 10.4m » Span length between towers = between 300 - 500m » Servitude size for 6x 765kV power lines in an 'industrial corridor' = minimum 480m » Servitude size for 2x 765kV power lines in a single corridor minimum 160m » Servitude size for 3x 765kV power lines = minimum 240km The design of the 765kV towers and lines to be used for this project is unknown at present. Either the cross­ rope suspension tower will be utilised or the so-called Guyed-V design as seen below in Figures 1 and 2 respectively. Bend towers will be utilised where the power lines need to bend more than 3 Cr. These are self supporting towers with a fairly broad footprint to stabilise the tower. Photographs and sketches of the various tower designs mentioned above and listed below can be found in Appendices 1·2 and 1·3. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power 21 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Induslr:al Serv , ~ 3: '" .... ~i e,,'" ./ ... m 5' 0 0 ::: ,\a . ';\" EG c: S. itI /II 'DF l!!. :li ... '1/1 ..... :T 90 ;§ N a: 0 C') !lI C) G). ..... 0 0 't i;>\-::. CO N h .., CO FIGURE 3: Corridors in the EIA Phase DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 32 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Ma rqe'l PBA 8. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA The study area is situated in the Limpopo and North West Provinces. The six lines will run from Delta substation in the north near Medupi power station to Epsilon substation near Potchefstroom, a distance of approximately 360 kilometres. The study area also encompasses several district municipalities and a map indicating the boundaries of the different municipalities is included below and can be found in Appendix IV·2. DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 33 DEAT Ret.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tv1af~"~eq Indust('al Services PBA international OELTA.f;PSILON Elf; PROJECT Municipality Map MAP 6: Map of Municipalities within Study Area. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 34 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeUaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Serv'rces PBA international Due to the size of the study area, it was split into three sections, namely the northern, central and southern sections. The northern section ends roughly at Dwaalboom; the central section includes the Pilanesberg and the areas east and west of the Pilanesberg and ends south of the N4 highway with the southern section ending south of Potchefstroom (see Map 7). From an ecological perspective, the majority of the study area (72%) encompasses the savanna biome. The Savanna Biome is the largest Biome in southern Africa, occupying 46% of its area, and over one-third of the area of South Africa. It is well developed over the lowveld and Kalahari region of South Africa. It is characterized by a grassy ground layer and a distinct upper layer of woody plants. Where this upper layer is near the ground the vegetation may be referred to as Shrubveld, where it is dense as Woodland, and the intermediate stages are locally known as Bushveld. In South Africa, savannas support more than 5,700 plant species, exceeded only by the fynbos ecoregion. In respect of animal biodiversity, savannas are richer than any other ecoregion. Threats to the savanna regions include rapidly expanding settlements and their need for firewood and building materials from the environment, pressure on water sources, and overgrazing. The remainder of the study area (28%) comprises the grassland biome. The transition between savanna and grassland is rapid and happens at about 26° South (starting just south of the Magaliesberg range). Natural plant biodiversity in the grassland biome is high with an estimated 3,378 plant species occurring in the core region. In terms of the estimated total amount of plant species per biome, the grassland biome lies third after the fynbos and savanna biomes. Threats to the grassland biome include expanding crop farming and activities that fragment the remaining contiguous ar,eas of grassland such as building of roads, etc, See Map 7 below indicating the two biomes as well as a large scale of the same map in Appendix IV-3. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 35 DEAT Ref.: 12/121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Serv;ces PBA In'fJrnal,O:1al DElTA.EPSlLON 1111> Vogolat'<>n 6 __... PIIOJ!!Cf I ! I..,.."" I' L~, .. It:!:'w:,-~~'.~'"'' 1~o1J}ti~V9 ... or • ;,.0'$f- .~" .'Jr~ rr:tC,,{ii,r,{, ,,,,,·1,,-,,, '<-1w(.·c,g-.;':.,j.....,lI""·(I.·.·"f.... "J f"'t);'tttM:!J!'·~tJu..~ 7'>1;''' ; ~ HS,i\l',) (,1:1) '''Iwr.t0f'.I"I7\('IX"':¢" - 1() .'« MAP 8: Map indicating Land Use in Study Area DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 39 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tv1aroen Industr!(1! Se'"ViCCS ~)8A InternatiDnal • OOH.LEDI MAP 9: Map indicating Conservation Areas (green hatched areas) and Topography in Study Area DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 40 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc 1\;1arqon ItHjustri;:l; Sen/Ices P8i\ inl(;()'lat!Ona! Central section The majority of the central section of the study area form part of the savanna biome and is characterised by mainly Mixed Bushveld with some sections of Clay Thorn Bushveld. This section is also characterised by the start of the change from the woodland biome to the grassland biome with the escarpment running roughly along the N4 road. The central section lines mainly in the North West Province. The vegetation of the central section is more disturbed with less pristine habitat than the northern section. This is due to overgrazing by cattle and goats as well as the spread of formal and informal settlements west of and around the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve. Mining activities have resulted in communities forming close to mines in order to take advantage of employment opportunities and the pressure on natural resources to feed people and provide heating has resulted in sections of this area that are highly disturbed. The vegetation to the west of Rustenberg along the N4 and the escarpment is relatively still intact with areas of undisturbed habitat. The topography of the area comprises mostly undulating to flat plains but also has a mountainous character that is caused by the Swartwitpensfontein mountains in the far east; the chain of nortite hills known as the Thaba- ea-Nape mountain range that runs northwards towards the Pilanesberg; the Pilanesberg, Magaliesberg and Matlapynsberg and the Swartruggens mountains running from Swartruggens to Zeerust in the west. All the mountains are crossed by the corridors apart from the Pilanesberg and Magaliesberg that are avoided by the corridors. Surface Water: There are a number of rivers that can be found in the central section including the Toelani and Marico rivers near to Groot Marico. Several large dams are found in the section including the Marico Bushveld and Kromellenboog dams that p\ovide water for intensive irrigation schemes near Groot Marico and the Vaalkop Dam east of the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve. The far western corridors, Corridor A and Ba,cross the Kromellenboog Dam. Avifauna: The central section especially the eastern half fall within two Important Bird Areas (IBAs), namely the Magaliesberg and Pilanesberg IBAs. The Magaliesberg forms the core of the Magaliesberg and Witwatersberg IBA. Although the proposed corridors do not actually cross the Magaliesberg, its influence extends into the study area, mostly in the form of Cape Vultures breeding in the Magaliesberg. The communal areas north of Rustenburg towards Pilanesberg have large populations of livestock, particularly donkeys, and carcasses of the latter are scavenged by the vultures. Pilanesberg IBA represents a large, well managed protected area that has extensive populations of waterbirds including Red Data species such as White-backed Night Heron, African Finfoot and Black Stork. It is also an important draw card for raptors, and has an active vulture restaurant. Land Uses include cattle and an increasing amount of game farms. As mentioned above, irrigation schemes near Groot Marico are found and especially in the east there is large scale mining activities. Many community settlements occur throughout this section which is characterised by subsistence farming and herds of cattle, donkeys and goats leading to some areas that are overgrazed. A number of transport corridors run through the area in an East to West direction. The three most notable corridors are the N 12 between Johannesburg and Klerksdorp en-route to Cape Town, The N14 between Pretoria and Johannesburg to Ventersdorp en-route to Upington and the N4 between Pretoria and Zeerust en-route to Botswana. DEIA Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 41 DEAT Aet: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIA DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Indus1rial S(:)rviccs P!::3A Inlcrnational Conservation Areas: There are a number of nature reserves in the section including the Pilanesberg, Vaalkop Dam and Marico Bosveld Nature Reserves and the proposed Heritage Park that joins the Pilanesberg and Madikwe Nature Reserves. The central and western corridors cross the Heritage Park. The central section of the study area displays a stronger sense of place than the northern part primarily due to the fact that, coupled with the vast, expansive plains characteristic of the Sweet Bushveld, the area also features noteworthy topographical changes typical of the Mixed Bushveld and Waterberg Moist Bushveld, in the form of either rocky outcrops or extensive ridges spanning a few kilometres. This bestows a unique visual character to the area, increasing the sense of place but the large amount of settlements and mines presents a disturbed landscape diminishing this sense of place. The Pilanesberg is viewed as a unique natural landmark and forms part of South Africa's natural heritage. This extinct volcano is 27km in diameter and is surrounded by six rings of mountains. The result is a circular mountainous region that stands in stark contrast to the surrounding open plains, creating a unique aspect of this part of the study area. This area also features a conglomeration of substations, power lines, railway servitudes, national and public road networks, mining activities, towns and settlements. Heritage: The central section has a high number of heritage resources that include all types and ranges of heritage resources. Occupation of this part of the Eskom Project Area occurred throughout the different periods for the Stone Age, the Iron Age and the Historical Period. Human occupation was intensified when Late Iron Age communities proliferated and expanded during the last three to four hundred years. The numerous ancestral Tswana and Nguni clans who occupied this region left the remnants of thousands of stone walled settlements scattered from Ramakokoka in the east to Zeerust in the far west. Most of the heritage sites can be avoided by the proposed power lines. However a number of 'no go' sites especially mega stone-walled sites were identified in the central section of the study area that will have to be avoided. Southern section The ecology of the southern section of the study area forms part of the grassland biome. A single layer of grasses dominates grasslands. Trees are absent. except in a few localized habitats. The northern part of this area features the Rocky Highveld Grassland that is a transitional type between typical grasslands of the high inland plateau, and the bushveld of the lower inland plateau. Grassland vegetation is restricted to exposed sites in the irregular. undulating, high-altitude landscape, especially on the crests of rocky hills and ridges. The northern section is characterized by an open, flat and sometimes rolling topography. The southern parts are characterized by Dry Sandy Highveld Grassland with a few Sweet Thorn Acacia karoo trees occurring only occasionally along watercourses. The grasslands in the southern section have been severely transformed by intensive agriculture. This means that the few remaining grassland patches, particularly those that are relatively unfragmented. takes on a special significance. The grassland bird species that used to occur here in numbers. particularly the Blue Crane, is dependent on these grassland patches for their survival. The species status is tenuous in the study area. The remaining natural sweet/mixed grassland is therefore worthy of special consideration as it is threatened to a much higher degree than the savanna further north. All the corridors will cross grassland areas. It should be noted that impact of power lines in grassland areas has less of an impact than through the woodland areas as minimal servitude clearance is required in DEIR Della·Epsiion 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 42 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~v~ctrgE~n InduSiriai Servfces PBA inll;rnat:onai grassland due to the low grass cover whereas in woodland area, trees, bushes, etc., have to be removed or trimmed so as not to impact on conductor clearance restrictions. Topography: the north of this section of the study area features a more undulating topography with the transition between the two biomes along the escarpment whereas the south is largely flat with extensive views over the flat to rolling topography. Surface Water: The Vaal River is situated on the southern boundary of the study area and is associated with recreational activities and farming. The Mooi River runs from the north-east to Potchestroom, the Taaiboschspruit and the Schoonspruit runs from Ventersdorp in the north towards Klerksdorp. There are a number of large recreational dams in this section of the study area including the Kerkskraal and Boskop Dams as well as numerous smaller man-made dams on farms. Avifauna: There are important contiguous areas of natural grassland remaining in between the extensive agriculture in the southern section of the study area. These areas are potentially important for Blue Crane, White Stork, Secretarybird and White-bellied Korhaan. The remaining grassland habitat is of special importance to the small population of Blue Cranes that are still found in the grassland habitat of the North­ West Province. Other Red Data grassland species such as the Black Harrier, White-bellied Korhaan, Blue Korhaan and African Grass-Owl are primarily dependant on natural grassland for breeding and roosting purposes. Land Use: The majority of commercial farmland is situated in the southern section of the study area. These farms include dryland or irrigated agricultural activities and are primarily located in the area south of the Pilansberg around the towns of Koster and Derby and southwards continuing to the southern boundary of the study area. Pockets of large scale centre pivot irrigation may be crossed by the corridors. Most mining activities are concentrated between Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp. The southern section of the study area displays a unique sense of place derived from the expansive open plains of the Grassland. The low vegetation affords extensive views. The northern sections of this part of the study area feature a more undulating topography however, as one move to the south, the landscape opens up to afford extensive views over the flat to rolling topography, increasing the distinctive sense of place of this area. Heritage: The Tlokwa and then the Voortrekkers occupied the banks of the Mooi River at an early period whilst early Sotho-Tswana communities build stone walled settlements on and near flat topped hills along the Schoonspruit in the vicinity of Klerksdorp. Early Stone Age (ESA) people lived near the banks of the Vaal River, perhaps as long as 500 000 years ago and stone tools manufactured from dolerite have been found in the extreme southern section of the study area. Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp are the two oldest Voortrekker towns in the North West Province and were established on the Mooi River and Schoonspruit respectively from the 1830's onwards. Potchefstroom as the oldest town in the former Transvaal Province holds many heritage sites and the discovery of gold near Klerksdorp in 1886 initially boosted this small village when thousands of diggers descended on the town. General The economic assessment of the whole study area9 showed that it is characterised by high levels of illiteracy (17.5%) and an unemployment rate of 37% which is higher than the national average of 23%. The 9Delta-Epsilon Power Line Economic Impact Assessment. Market Research Findings & Recommendations, Demacon Market Studies, June 2009 (see Appendix II-3 in Volume II) DEIA Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 43 DEAT Aef.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEI A DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~v1arDcn industria! Services PBA International study area, especially the central section, is characterised by a large number of rural settlements and the largest number of people is employed in elementary occupations which are evident in the low household income (R50 236 per annum). The total number of people throughout the study area is approximately 1,7 million with 513 000 households and a household growth rate of 1.1 % per annum. The population density is low at approximately 40 people 2 per km , though many of the population are located around the towns. The farming areas are generally very sparsely populated. The Rustenburg area has the most number of people; the least number of people are found in the Kgetlengrivier municipality (see Map 6 above for the different municipalities in the study area). The mining sector is the highest contributor to the economy of the study area (39.4%) followed by community and government services (17%). The agriculture sector is one of the lowest contributors to the economy at 2%. However, in terms of the agricultural sector's contribution towards the national economy its contribution increases to 3.4%. The study area employs approximately 10% of total national agricultural employment and 21.6% of employment in the mining sector. From the trade sector perspective (in which tourism forms a part), the study area contributes 3.6% to the total national sectoral employment figures. An analysis of property prices throughout the study area revealed that property prices around urban areas is higher than prices further away from urbanized centres. There is also a relationship between property value and land use with properties that are more game and tourism orientated having higher property prices than purely agricultural land. However, this depended on the productivity of the agricultural land with with property values along the Crocodile River noticeably higher compare to surrounding areas due to higher agricultural returns. During the scoping phase, environmental risks to the operation of power line infrastructure were highlighted. An assessment of the impact of extreme weather conditions on the power lines project was undertaken as well as an assessment of fire risk in terms of the fuel load of vegetation in the study area. The fire risk is higher in the eastern and middle sections of the study area due to the mountainous and hilly topography of this area that when combined with vegetation with high fuel load (dense grass layer, thatching grass, and invasive species such as cosmos) are a high fire risk. The areas of concentrations of informal settlements around the Pilanesberg are an added factor where uncontrolled fires have to be taken into consideration. Fire risk is however a manageable risk and has therefore had a limited impact when the power line corridors are to be located. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 44 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar~wn P8l1 Intornational 9. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 9.1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION The full public participation report and appendices can be found in Volume III of the DEIR. The report below is an abridged version of the main public participation report. Margen Industrial Services (MIS) is the lead consultant and is responsible for the Public Participation Process (PPP) and for the compilation of the public participation report. The scoping phase of the project was initiated in January 2007 with the announcement of the project through advertisements that were placed in different newspapers, using English, Afrikaans and SeTswana. Information documents were forwarded to registered stakeholders and public meetings to give the initial presentations on the project were conducted in February-March 2007. The Scoping Report was made available for public review during the period between March 2008 and 30 June 2008. A comprehensive public participation programme was undertaken during the Scoping Phase of this study and the way forward for the consultation strategy in the EIA Phase was outlined in the Plan of Study for EIA that was submitted together with the Final Scoping Report on 12 September 2008 to DEAT. The two documents were accepted and approved by DEAT on 15 December 2008 (Appendix 111-1, Volume III). 9.2. AIM AND STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT This report provides a detailed account of the Public Participation Process conducted after submitting the Final Scoping Report to DEAT and will outline the way forward for the process. A short analysis has been added by the PPP team after each point. The aim of this report is three-fold: • To Provide a description of the PPP conducted thus far; • To outline the way forward; • To provide a list of comments and issues raised to date. 9.3. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS Public Participation Process during both the Scoping and the EIA phase is a legislative requirement for environmental authorization. For this project in order to comply with the stipulations in the National Environmental Management Act, 1998; Chapter 6 [Sections 56 59] of EIA Regulations activities undertaken as part of public involvement was as follows: • Regulation 56 - site notices placed in the study area; written notices with Background Information Document distributed to identified stakeholders including landowners in the study area and the local municipality; announcing the project to the public through advertising in the local newspaper in English, Afrikaans and SeTswana • Regulation 57 - Establish and maintain a Register ofinterested and affected parties • Regulation 58 - Registered Stakeholders were given opportunities to comment on the scoping reports and the draft environmental impact reports, this report. DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 45 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294·03 DEIR DaltaEpsilonV2.doc ,I>,A'ir(~en indust!'iai Services ~)BA intornationcf • Regulation 59 - Comments from stakeholders are included in the reports in the form of minutes of all meetings held, submitted written comments and in the form of Comments and Response Report 9.4. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES Public participation continued after the Final Scoping Report was submitted to DEAT and during the Technical EIA Phase. The following is a summary of all the PPP activities conducted since the submission of the FSR and PoS for EIA to DEAT and up to date: 9.4.1. Stakeholder Engagement A map indicating public involvement was generated to assist the PPP team in identifying areas where participation was lacking. Details of Game Lodges, Safari Businesses, Game Farms and other stakeholders involved in the tourism industry were obtained from signboards at farm entrances while driving through the study area and through internet searches. E-mails were sent to these stakeholders, notifying them of the project and to encourage them to participate and telephone calls were made to those who didn't have e-mail addresses. Contact details of landowners were also obtained through DEED property searches and by contacting some of the local municipalities in areas with little involvement in the project. Information obtained was verified with existing I&AP details on the database and a list was compiled of landowners who were not registered on the database. These landowners were contacted telephonically and informed about the project progress and the PPP team also encouraged them to become actively involved in the Participation process. Letters and e-mails were sent those where only postal and e-mail addresses were available. Details of 115 lodges and other businesses in the tourism industry were obtained through the above mentioned method and details of 118 landowners were obtained through DEED searches. During field trips and consultation with FAlDFUs another 238 landowners' details were obtained. 9.4.2. Meetings On landowners' requests, five meetings with specialists involved in this project were held during the week of 27-30 January 2009 where landowners had the opportunity to meet some of the speCialists and during which the specialists gave presentations regarding their approach to the study with regard to their field of expertise. Invitations and meeting details were distributed to all registered I&APs bye-mails and through the post. Meetings were held at • Thabazimbi - 27 January 2009 • Farm Rietfontein (Lephalale) 28 January 2009 • Sentrum - 28 January 2009 • Swartruggens - 29 January 2009 • Farm Hessie (Potchefstroom) - 30 January 2009 Information requested during these meetings and the minutes of meetings were burnt onto Compact Disc (CD) and sent by registered mail to all landowners who attended these meetings and to landowners who requested CDs. Copies of this CD are available on request from the Public Participation Consultant. DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line 46 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc lndust;"!31 SerV"ices PBA lnt(;rnationa' 9.4.3. Consultation during Field Trips As part of the PPP strategy to reach all potentially affected landowners in the study area, field trips were undertaken by the PPP team to gather more information and contact details of potentially affected landowners. The following field trips were undertaken: • 30 March 2009 - 3 April 2009: Mr. Stander travelled from Groot Marico to Potchefstroom and consulted with various landowners to gather contact details of landowners and information about farming activities in their areas; • On 13 April 2009 Mr. Mahlangu consulted landowners between Ventersdorp and Koster along the eastern alignments. 28 Landowners were identified and added to the database. Most of these landowners indicated that they did not know about the project and that farmers associations or unions were not active in the area. • On 28 April 2009, Mr. Stander attended the Rysmierbult Farmer's Association meeting at their club house where the chairman made the suggestion that a copy of the municipal property valuation list could provide contact details for many of the landowners in the Ventersdorp area. After this meeting Mr. Stander went to Koster to meet Mr. JJ Swanepoel. who also provided contact details of landowners in the Koster area. He then travelled to the Swartruggens area to consult with more landowners on their farms and met Mr. P Cloete to deliver an information CD to him); • From 6-8 May 2009, Mr. Stander visited various landowners and chairpersons of Farmers Associations and Forums from Rustenburg, Thabazimbi, Sentrum and Dwaalboom, although many details were obtained, some chairpersons wanted to get permission from their members before handing out details. 9.4.4. Consultation during Government Departments Government departments with an interest in the project were continuously kept informed about the progress of the project. All departments contacted were generally cooperative and accepting of the project as long as legislative requirements are met and proper procedures such as the conducting of heritage, social and economic studies and to identify properties that are under claim and ensure proper consultation. In addition to the above were the following specific requirements met: • An additional hard copy of the Addendum PPP report was prepared and delivered to DEAT on 19 September 2008; • Mr. Mahlangu travelled to Polokwane on 23 October 2008 and gave a presentation of the project to the officials from Limpopo Economic Development, Environment and Tourism department. The Department of Land Affairs was consulted with in 2008 and requested a list of all the potentially affected properties to be able to check for ownership details and inform the PPP team of the land rights holders who should be consulted in order to take a resolution in terms of the Interim Protection of Informal land Rights Act, Act No. 31 of 1996. Once the preferred route alignments are established, a short list of potentially affected properties will be sent to the Department to conduct their checks as requested. 9.4.5. Consultation Farmers Associations and Other Organisations Farmers Associations and District Farmers Unions As not all landowners are members of such organisations, it was decided to request member lists from FAs and DFUs to assist the PPP team in identifying landowners in the same district who are not members of these organisations in order to contact them and ensure their involvement in the project. During April 2009 e-mails were sent to chairpersons of FAs and DFUs on the database, encouraging them to provide the PPP team with their member lists. Each e-mail included an explanatory letter, a section of the study area map indicating possible DFU boundaries, a list of landowners in the district DEIA Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 47 DEAT Aef.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIA DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margell Swviccs PBA International and a questionnaire. They were requested to confirm the boundaries of their FAiDFU region and to indicate which of the landowners on the attached lists were members of their organisation and if there were more members that they wanted to add to the list or alternatively provide landowners with copies of the attached questionnaire in order for them to complete their own details and comments on the questionnaire and return it to the public participation consultant for inclusion in the database. Consultation with Environmental Action Groups and Fo.rums . , The proposed developments in the Waterberg area (mining, electricity generation and transmission, etc.) has seen the amalgamation of various environmental forums and action groups in the northern region as landowners endeavour to get involved in the EIA processes. The groups included the Makoppa Environmental Action Group and, the Matjiesfontein Environment Action Group. These groups amalgamated into one forum called the Limpopo Environmental Action Forum (LEAF). Chairpersons of various organisations were kept up to date with the progress of the project and were met where and when possible and consulted with during the field trips undertaken by the PPP team. ConSUltation with Tribal Authorities Different areas belonging to Tribal Authorities were pointed out during consultation with Tribal Authorities near Madikwe. A meeting was held with representatives of the Royal Bafokeng, Eskom Transmission and Distribution and the PPP team on 10 February 2009. Using a map, an area that is considered a no-go by RBC was identified. It was mentioned that such area was earmarked for development and should not be sterilized by the construction of power lines. 9.5. COMMENTS AND ISSUES RAISED BY THE PUBLIC The main issues and concerns raised by I&APs and general responses to these issues are summarised in the Table 2 below: TABLE 2: Main issues raised by stakeholders during public participation process Issue I Remark General Response Concern • The rural community expects • These kinds of projects involve specialised skills hence local job creation and electricity opportunities may be limited. However semi and unskilled work Job creation & supply from new proposed such as erecting fences, clearing servitudes, catering for Local power lines construction teams, etc., could occur. The proposed transmission power lines will transport the power generated in opportunities the Waterberg area to the national power grid that will indirectly improve overall power supply to the country. • I&APs are concerned about • Security Risks: Eskom is considering allowing landowners to security risks that could be undertake maintenance of servitudes according to its posed by construction and requirements in order to limit the security I access issues. Safety & Well maintenance teams accessing • There is no conclusive evidence either way as to whether EMFs property without permiSSion or have an impact or not on animals and humans. A report on the being knowledge of landowner impacts of EMFs was included in the Appendices of the • the impact of electro-magnetic Scoping Report. fields (EMFs) on animals and humans DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission 48 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Il1dus!r;a; Service" P8A In1ernaucH12i i Issue I Remark General Response Concern • The visual impact of these • Economic impact studies were conducted by economic power lines will chase away specialists to determine and quantify the impact of power lines international clients and that on properties. They were requested to look at the value of the Land Issues & compensation should be made property before and after the construction of power lines as will for property devaluation and be done by Eskom as part of the negotiation process. The Compensation outcome of the study is that power lines could devalue property loss of business. prices • Frustration about no final • Preferred route alignments will be announced in the DEIR corridors • All possible corridor options, including an industrial corridor are • Industrial corridor being investigated. • Why are the existing 400kV • The new 765kV power lines are for the additional power power lines not upgraded to demand as the country develops and the existing 400kV lines 765kV? are' still required for the existing infrastructure Technical & • Undergrounding of power lines • Because of the length of the transmission power lines and the Line routing technical difficulties, it is presently not possible to underground 765kV power lines. Placing power lines underground costs considerably more than putting lines above ground, and it does have an environmental impact as the servitude as to be dug up and then kept totally clear of any vegetation with roots systems that could impact on the power line cables. Undergrounding is considered not feasible for this project • I&APs would like to be • Eskom has established a forum to discuss future developments informed about Eskom's long in the Waterberg area with landowners and all Eskom projects Project lifespan term plans (i.e. 20-years and planned for the area were discussed in Lephalale. and timeframes beyond) • The 6x765kV power lines that include HVDe tines will be able to carry power for future electricity demands until 2020 • I&APs want to see Specialists • Specialists tend to focus on areas where their knowledge is on each and every farm in the limited or where they may need to verify specific information. , study area This does not mean that if a specialist didn't contact people in a . Specialist particular area that area is unimportant, it merely means that the specialist feels that his/her knowledge of the area is studies sufficient. • Some landowners feel that • The consultation process started by announcing the project and they have been consulted with holding public meetings. Different mechanisms were used in too late in the project trying to identify landowners. The study area is very big and it Consultation proved difficult to identify all the landowners in the study area. It is an unavoidable problem that stakeholders within such a Process study area will be identified over a long time period and some might be identified very late in the study process. This is not intentional 9.6. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION 9.6.1. Newsletter and Letters sent to I&APs Regular newsletters and various other letters were disseminated to I&APs to keep them informed about progress within the project. MIS distributed a regular Newsletter to all registered I&APs to keep them informed about project related news and a questionnaire is included which encourages landowners to keep the PPP team up to date 49 DEAT Ref.: 12/12/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Indust!'ia! Services PBA In!erna:,0!181 with any developments on their properties. Three issues of the newsletter were sent out from October 2008 until March 2009. Questionnaires were sent out with the above mentioned newsletters to I&APs to gather information about existing infrastructure, environmental characteristics and the nature of business of landowners in the study area, to assist the specialists in their studies. The questionnaires also provided opportunities to stakeholders to comment and to raise issues of concern and to the PPP team to keep the database information up to date. Questionnaires were also distributed bye-mails, by fax and were also hand delivered by the PPP team while on field trips. The following correspondence was sent to registered I&APs after submission of FSR to authorities TABLE 3: Correspondence sent to I&APs D81e Letter ! 2008-09-22 Informing I&APs of submission of the FSR and PoS for EIA to DEAT / where documents can be viewed 2008-11-28 Informing stakeholders about submission of FSR and thanking them for their participation during 2008 2009-01-19 Invitation to Specialist Meetings 2009-02-23 Cover letter and information CDs relating to the meetings with specialists, sent by Registered Mail Letter to Mr Rupert Baber from the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve requesting input from Biosphere re 2009-03-27 project. Response letter included in Appendix 7 2009-04-03 Letter to the SAPS-Mounted School Training Institution, informing her of the project. 2009-04-16 Letter informing stakeholders that all corridors will be investigated during the EIA phase of the project 2009-04-24 Requesting assistance from Farmers' Associations/Unions about members' details 2009-04-29 Follow up letter re assessment of all corridors sent to Sentrum FA 2009-05-18 Letters to landowners near Ventersdorp, encouraging them to partiCipate and register as I&APs 9.7. WAY FORWARD The OEIR will be made available to the public and all I&APs for review from 05 August 2009 to 11 September 2009 and they will be able to submit their comments to the Public Participation consultant before the closing date on 11 September 2009 for inclusion into the final documentation submitted to oEAT for approval of the project. Hard copies of the OEIR will be placed at information points throughout the study area and electronic versions (CDs) will be distributed to landowners in remote areas where information points cannot easily be accessed. The OEIR can also be read on Eskom's website at www.eskom.co.zaJeia. Registered I&APs will also receive the Executive Summary and a map indicating the preferred route alignments. The availability of the OEIR for public review and the information points where the report can be viewed will be advertised in the newspapers and all registered I&APs on the database will be notified. Eight Public Meetings and various Focus Group Meetings are scheduled to discuss the findings of the OEIR and meeting details will be advertised and distributed to all registered I&APs. No other meetings are planned at this stage, but additional meetings may be held at the request of landowners andlor other stakeholders. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission 50 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industria! Serv:ces PH/\ ln1.ernationa i 10. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES A number of technical and project alternatives have been looked at during both phases of the project and these are listed below: 10.1. 'No-Go' OPTION This option is also known as the 'do-nothing' option. Economic growth is dependent on a number of factors of which electricity supply is a key determinant towards sustained economic growth. The economic growth of the country has outstripped expectations and this growth has led to a situation where electrical power demand has led to the construction of the new Mmamabula and Medupi power stations that will assist in meeting the electricity requirements of South Africa. Hence, the power stations are required to be connected to the South African national grid to transfer this energy source and support the economic growth of the country, Both the Medupi and Mmamabula Power Stations have b,eeri given respective government authorisation, and Medupi is already under construction. If the power generated from the power stations mentioned above is not transmitted, then electricity power demand will increasingly outstrip supply with the concomitant effects of power shortages and stagnating economic growth. Without secure and reliable electricity network the entire economy of the country and probably the region will be affected. 10.2. POWER LINE ALTERNATIVES The initial project proposal was to integrate the new 765kY (AC) network into the existing AC network. However, as previously described, with the need to consider the potential additional power generation into the future, Eskom has investigated the alternative of introducing HYDC into the network. This provides opportunity to increase the capacity of the network without increasing the number of lines. At first, converting all six 765kY (AC) lines to HYDC was proposed, but it soon became clear that the HYDC network needed to be developed in parallel with a strengthened AC network and a balance of HYDC and AC is needed. Network analysis by Eskom has shown the best balance for both network capacity and stability is the replace of two of the 765kY lines with bipolar 600kY or BOOkY HYDC lines. However, certain technical aspects of the HYDC lines still need to be resolved before this alternative can be confirmed. In addition, for integration with the Rustenburg/Brits network, Eskom has proposed that a third 765kY line is converted to 400kY and terminated at Mogwase substation. Therefore out of the full range of alternatives described above" the two main power line alternatives are: • 5 x 765kY (AC) lines (Delta-Epsilon) + 1 x 400kY line (Delta-Mogwase), or • 3 x 765kY (AC) lines (Delta-Epsilon) + 2 x 600kY (or BOOkY) HYDC lines (Delta-Epsilon) + 1 x 400kY line (Delta-Mogwase) The option with the HYDC lines is Eskom's preferred option, as well as the preferred option of a number of stakeholders. The main reason is the greater capacity. therefore reducing the need for additional lines in the future. 10.2.1. Option of Placing Power Lines Underground This alternative was addressed in the scoping phase of this project and it was stated that this issue would not be taken forward into the next phase of the project but repeated questions regarding the possible DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 51 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2,doc Margen industria; SE:[v,ces PBA Intcrnat;o!lai undergrounding of the proposed power lines has raised by I&APs. The main reason for those in the study area that are suggesting that the proposed power lines be placed underground is that the visual or aesthetic impact of the power lines will be removed. Hence, in response to these queries. the assessment and consideration of this option has been undertaken. See in Appendix 1-6 for a technical note on undergrounding of power lines for further information on the undergrounding issue. However, it should be noted that no 765kV power lines have been placed underground to the writer'S knowledge. Technical issues such as keeping the power lines at an acceptable temperature as well as maintenance and repair thereof make undergrounding unfeasible at this current stage. 10.3. CORRIDOR ALTERNATIVES AND DEVIATIONS The corridors assessed in this study are described in detail in Section 7, but are summarised here to complete the presentation of alternatives. Input from stakeholders since the start of the project has been constructive with landowners suggesting alternative corridors and site specific deviations on corridors. All these corridors and deviations were considered in the EIA phase of the project. Map 5 above and Map IV-1 in Volume IV indicate all the corridors and deviations as well as the name of the person/s and organisations who recommended the corridors. Section 11.1 describes the process followed to assess which corridors were selected for the final recommendations hence deviations on these corridors have been considered whereas deviations on corridors not selected have automatically also been taken out of the equation. Most of the alternatives and deviations were described in the scoping report. This includes an additional alignment (Corridor E) and additional deviation that were introduced during the public comment period of the DSR and was included in the FSR that was submitted to DEAT for comment. Reference will be made to these below. The Corridors were alphabetically named (in no order of preference) from west to east. Linkages and deviations on the main corridors (A, B. C, D. E, F and G) were also named. Hence. if a corridor had a number of linkages to adjacent corridors then the name would incorporate both corridors and if there were more than one linkage then the various linkages would have a number allocated to them, for example C_B1 refers to a linkage from Corridor C to Corridor B and it is the first linkage (of several) between the two corridors. The corridors are broadly described as follows: Corridor A land local deviations): This corridor is located in the extreme western parts of the study area. It generally has a lower population density, lower development, and has less bush fire and tornado risk. However, it has no existing transmission lines and limited linear infrastructure (mainly roads), and is generally considered to have a more wilderness landscape. Corridor B land local deviations): In the northern part of the study area this corridor follows the existing western-most transmission line corridor which will have up to five 400kV lines once the Medupi-Marang and Medupi-Dinaledi lines are constructed next to the existing Matimba-Midas and Matimba-Pluto 400kV lines. South of Dwaalboom Corridor B enters an area without any existing transmission lines. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 52 DEAT Ret.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ivlargen Industrial Services PBA Intornatlonal Corridor C (and local deviations): This corridor essentially follows the Matimba-Pluto 400kV power line, and is centrally located within the study area. It offers a corridor that follows existing transmission lines for the greatest length (70% of total corridor length). Corridor D (and local deviations): Similar to Corridor C, this follows the Matimba-Spitskop 400kV lines and Spitskop-Bighorn 400kV lines. It is the eastern-most corridor with existing transmission lines which follow Corridor D for approximately 65% of its length. Corridor E: This is the "Railway" corridor. It is located in the eastern half of the study area where an existing railway line is found that runs from near Matimba power station through Thabazimbi, through Ben Alberts Nature Reserve and east of the Pilanesberg to Ararat substation. The motivation for this alternative is that it is located in an area already disturbed area by the railway line. (see Figure 3). Corridors F and G: Originally a stakeholder recommendation, these are the eastern-most· corridors in the study area and therefore generally have the highest tornado risk. Though they pass through an area of focussing on tourism development in the north, the areas south of Thabazimbi are more developed with mixed landuse including crop farming, tourism and mining. This corridor merges with Corridors D and E south of the Pilanesburg. Marico Bushveld Deviation This route was recommended by the Marico Bosveld Farmers' Union in conjunction with PDS Civil Engineers (landowners in the area). The alternative is to the east of Groot Marico and avoids the towns of Koffiekraal, Uitkyk and Maropeng that Corridor Ba crosses. The effect of the power lines and EMFs (electro-magnetic fields) on the well being and health of such settlements was raised as a concern (see Figure 3). This alternative passes through communal land and an area less mountainous than the preliminary corridor that west of Groot Marico. The motivation provided for this alternative is that it is shorter than the preliminary corridor hence less of a cost to the applicant; it will go through less pristine vegetation and could provide work for the community for servitude maintenance and servitude grazing opportunities. 10.4. TOWER ALTERNATIVES A number of tower alternatives have been presented by Eskom during the course of the study. The main tower types are depicted in the tables below. Included is both a summary of the main dimensions of each tower and the main environmental advantages and disadvantages. Eskom initially identified the 765kV AC cross-rope suspension tower as the preferred tower type (see Figure 1 in this report). The design has been complete and tested, but there remains to be construction and maintenance DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 53 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsUonV2.doc fJ,,,U})Elf1 ind.Jstrial Servicos PBA International difficulties that still need to be resolved. Therefore it appears likely that the Guyed-V tower structure may be used (see Figure 2). These are already in successful use in South Africa. Furthermore, most of the existing 400kV lines in the study area are of this design; There will'therefore be some consistency in their use for the 765kV lines in the landscape of the study area. Double circuit lines offer the benefit of a reduced footprint of the development as one tower will carry two lines. Two options have been presented; the tall self-supporting tower that has been in use elsewhere in the world, and the new hexagonal cross-rope tower design. The former is generally considered to have high visual impact and may only be considered over short distances where there are space constraints. The latter stili needs to be designed and tested, but of greater concern are the construction and maintenance difficulties, particularly the safety aspects. Nevertheless, the hexagonal cross-rope tower is seen to offer one of the lightest footprints of all the alternatives and has been considered when assessing the best environmental solutions. Double circuit options have important constraints, however: • Both lines need to be constructed at the same time. This would be in conflict with Eskom's plan to build each new line in a phased manner depending on demand growth, and in alternate corridors (to limit common mode failure events). • 400kV and 765kV AC lines may share the same double circuit tower, but AC and DC lines can not share the same tower. Therefore planning the network to use double circuit towers will limit the potential for the use of HVDC. The proposed tower structure for the HVDC lines is a cross-rope design similar to the original 765kV AC structure. While this still has some technical aspects to be resolved (mainly construction related), other outstanding issues on the HVDC lines (eg field effects) may influence the final design adopted. However, for the purposes of this study, the cross-rope design has been assumed. DEIR Delta·Epsiion 6x 765kV Transmission Power 54 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Services TABLE 4a: Tower Options 765 kV Cross Rope 55m 80m (single circuit) 765 kV Guyed-V 55m 80m (single circuit) 765 kV Double Circuit (Self 60 to 80m 80m supporting) 765kV Hexagonal Double 55 to 70m 80m Circuit (Cross-rope) HVDC (Cross-rope) 50m 80m 765 kV Self Supporting (at turns 45-50m 80 - 100m and termination points) .. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 55 DEAT ReI.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tv1a rpen Industnal Services PBA Inlcrnatlonai TABLE 4b: Environmental Advantages and Disadvantages of tower alternatives: Live-line maintenance Less visual impact as less steel and construction used; no place for birds to perch problems still to be 765 kV Cross Rope above conductors hence issues resolved. (single circuit) such as flashovers and shorting Anchor cables are more caused by birds are avoided. A difficult in CUltivated cheaper structure. areas. More due more Extensively used in the study steel used for tower. area. More visual uniformity Bird guards required to 765 kV Guyed-V when following existing lines; avoid flashovers. (single circuit) The 765kV tower design is tried Anchor cables are more and tested. difficult in cultivated II areas. Height of structure (80m) is substantially higher Two power lines on one tower, than single circuit hence 765 kV Double Circuit (Self hence overall footprint and visual impact will be very supporting) servitude requirements are less. high. Is a proven technical solution. Expensive structure. .. Potentially high structure Two power lines on one tower, (Up to 70m), therefore Substantially lower visual still a visual impact 765kV Hexagonal Double impact. As above, only one concern. Circuit (Cross-rope) instead of two power lines Technical and hence servitude maintenance aspects still to be resolved to carry cost amount of power generated in issues to be resolved. the Waterberg area southwards Operational aspects to HVDC (Cross-rope) without the need for additional be investigated. power lines. Possible unsafe field Visually similar to 765kV AC effects have not been Cross-Rope design. resolved; No anchor cables, and therefore Visually more intrusive 765 kV Self Supporting (at turns H better in cultivated areas. due to substantial and termination points) Tried and tested design. amount of steel used. II DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project 56 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services flBA International 10.5. POWER LINE COMBINATIONS The new lines may be placed in the environment in various combinations. Figures 4 to 7 set out the main combinations using the short list of preferred corridors. The first three combination sets assumes each line will be built as a single circuit structure on a cross-rope suspension frame. Eskom Transmission's report "Investigation into the occupancy of power line corridors between Delta and Epsilon Substations" (Appendix 1-2) shows the 765kV towers to be either the Guyed-V or Compact Cross-Rope structures and the HVDC towers to be an adaptation of the Cross-Rope tower. These are all expected to be at a similar average height (N50m), and therefore it is assumed here that all the new lines will all be visually similar (Figures 4, 5, and 6). Additionally, if the Guyed-V tower is used, this will be similar to the existing 400kV lines in many of the corridors. This has the advantage of reducing the overall visual impact as the symmetry will largely be the same therefore visually better than a combination of various tower types). An additional tower design has also been included as it may offer further mitigation of a number of environmental impacts, and the issue of cumulative impacts in particular. This is the use of the Cross-Rope Double Circuit tower. This assumes each double circuit line is 765kV (AC). It is apparent from Appendix 1-2 that this tower design has certain design and maintenance concerns to be resolved, but the estimated 1 year timeline to resolve these issues are within the timeframes for the project overall. Figure 8 identifies a number of combinations of these towers in the short list corridors. It is also important to note that Eskom remain very concerned about a single "industrial" corridor for reasons of network stability set out in Section 9.1 and Appendix 1-2. However, the assessment of environmental risk (Section 9.2) shows that parts of the network may be combined into a single corridor and still be within the design risk set for these lines. This is particularly so in the northern parts of the study area (where the Sa corridor already contains five lines). It is also worth noting that a number of stakeholders, particularly in the northern part of the Sa corridor, are resistant to the "industrial" corridor, claiming that the impact of so many lines on a farm are too high. DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 57 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen inddst"ai Services PElA FiQure 4: Six new lines in a sinQle corridor (anyone of the following) v A Corridol· Sa /\MMMMM7VsMM7\~~ 6 x new 765kV(AC)l600kV(HVDC) 3 xnew400kV 2 x 400kV (Marang & Dinaledi) 760m corridor B Corridor C-B3 /\MMMMM6T 6 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 1 x400kV oil 540m corridor .. C Corridor D /\MMMMM6~~ 6 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 2 x400kV II 590m corridor .. -- D Corridor F fiMMMMM6 6 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) II 480m corridor .. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 58 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Industrial Services DBA Hernationai Figure 5: Three new lines in each of two corridors (any two of the following combinations). 1 st Corridor 2nd Corridor A I Corridor 8a Corridor C-83 3 x new 765kV{AC)/600kV{HVDC) 3 x new400kV (Marang & Dinaledi) 2 x400kV /SlV\M6T 3 x new 765kV{AC)/600kV{HVDC) 1 x400kV .. III .. 515m corridor III 295m corridor 8 I Corridor D Corridor F 3 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) rr~ 2 x400kV /IJ\!\M6 3 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV{HVDC) .. 350m corridor III ...-------- 240m corridor C I Corridor C-83 Corridor D 3 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) rr 1 x 400kV 3 x new 765kV{AC)/600kV(HVDC) TT 2 x400kV 295m corridor ... .. 350m corridor III DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project 59 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Industria~ Services PBA In:t;:nationa~ Figure 6 Two new lines in each of three corridors (any of the following combinations). 1 S \ Corridor 2 nd Corridor 3'd Corridor A Corridor Ba Corridor C-B3 Corridor F I\Mlvvvvv\!\rrrr AM/\rr 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 3x new 400kV 2 x 400kV 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 1 x 400kV AMl\ 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV{HVDC) .. 435m corridor (Marang & Dinaledi) . corridor oil 160m corridor . B Corridor C-B3 Corridor D Corridor F AM/\rr 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 1 x 400kV I\Mb,rr~ 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 2x400kV AMb, 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) . 215m corridor II­ oil 270m corridor II­ .. 160m corridor . C Corridor Ba Corridor C-B3 Corridor D I\l\I\l'vvvvv\l\rrrr AM/\rr 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 3x new400kV (Marang & Dinaledi) 2x 400kV 2 x new 765kV{AC)/600kV(HVDC) 1 x 400kV J\.M/\rrrr 2 x new 765kV(AC)/600kV(HVDC) 2 x 400kV .. 435m corridor II­ . 215m corridor II­ . 270m corridor II­ DEjR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 60 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc indJslnal Figure 7: Use of Double Circuit Cross-rope Suspension towers (any of the following combinations). st nd rd 1 Corridor 2 Corridor 3 Corridor A I Corridor Sa Corridor C-S3 Corridor D /\~A M~T 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) S I Corridor C-S3 -375m corridor 3 x new 400kV (Marang & Oinaledi) 2 x400kV Corridor D . 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) -155m corridor 1 x 400kV ~ . 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) Corridor F -210m corridor 2 x 400kV ~ /\/\~ 1\7vr"t !\l\ C i Corridor Sa . 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) -155m corridor 1 x 400kV ~ 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) Corridor C-S3 -210m corridor 2 x 400kV Corridor F 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) • -100m corridor ~ /\7\ 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) corridor 3 x new400kV (Marang & Dinaledi) 2 x400kV . 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) -155m corridor 1 x 400kV ~ 1 x double circuit 765kV(AC) • -100m corridor III DEJR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 61 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industria! Services PBA internationa: 11. PROJECT ISSUES 11.1. ENVIRONMENTAL & OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING POWER LINES Eskom notes that around 80% of power line faults are due to environmental factors such as: • Bird impacts bird activities on power line towers may cause shorting and flashovers between the conductors and the tower structure. These include nests, faecal streamers (birds perched above conductors) and wing contact with the tower and conductor at the same time. This is more of a problem on the smaller Distribution towers, and new tower designs for transmission lines can reduce this risk to zero. • Lightning - this is particularly a problem where the tower structure is not adequately earthed and the lightning charge is transferred to the conductors. Good earthing of the tower foundations will mitigate this issue. • Bush fires/veld fires when in close vicinity to a power line conductor, veld fires can induce a flashover to ground, disrupting transmission of electricity. This is one of the most common causes of line faults in South Africa. However, improved understanding of fire management and correct servitude vegetation management can address this issue to a safe level of operation. • Wind gusts and tornados - Transmission towers are typically designed to a Level 1 reliability (1 :50 year return period, 40m/s wind 144km/h), but on critical routes this may be raised to a Level 3 (1 :500 year return period, 70m/s = 250km/h)1O. However, tornados are difficult to design for as they include vertical uplift forces. Line separation is seen to be the only reasonable solution in tornado areas, and Eskom requires that a minimum of 8km separation should be considered. • Floods - these should be assessed in each case, but with proper hydraulic analysis and avoidance of high flow velocity areas, a safe design of the tower foundations can normally be obtained. • Aircraft collision - this was debated at a stakeholder meeting in December 2007 where it was concluded that light aircraft pose the higher risk of collision. However, a light aircraft is unlikely to damage more than one power line in a collision as the aircraft will break up on collision. This has been discarded as an influence on power line separation. • Sabotage - though this was a concern in the past, it is now acknowledged that power lines in separate corridors can still be damaged at the same time in a coordinated sabotage attack. This is therefore not a factored in tha debate on power line separation. Technological mitigation measures currently available There are some design and maintenance measures that can be employed to reduce the risk of line faults: • Bird guards can be installed on the older tower designs to prevent large birds sitting or nesting above a conductor. On the newer Cross-rope tower designs, there is no suitable perch above the conductors, so bird impacts on power lines are generally avoided. • Earth grids can be established for multiple lines in one corridor, thereby offering even greater earth protection against lightning than on single lines. • Increasing conductor height above ground (increasing tower height and possibly reducing span distances between towers), as well as increasing the spacing between the conductors, has shown to substantially reduce faults due to bush fires in the study area 11.Records show a 50% reduction in fire related faults between the older Matimba-Spitskop 1 400kV line and the newer Matimba-Spitskop 2 line to Minutes of meeting with Makoppa and Steenbokpan Environmental Forums, 5'h December 2007. Reported in Annexure A 18, Addendum to the ErR, Mmamabula-Delta 400kV Transmission Lines EIA. February, 2008. II Eskom Transmission, December 2006. Line separation investigation. Report TRMRT0024. DEIR Delta-EpSilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 62 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar!.Jcll Indusldai Services PBA intornatlonal built 2m higher pnd with an extra 1m spacing between the conductors. (There were also marked improvements in bird and lightning faults.) • Servitude maintenance will also have particular bearing on fire risk management. Clearing the servitude of trees and tall grass should not be done without specialist guidance as the result could lead to increased grass growth and the establishment of weed species that may produce a higher fuel load and greater fire risk than the original vegetation cover. More controlled servitude maintenance can, however, secure safe power line operation even in high fire risk environments, without severe impact on the ecology and habitat of the servitude. 11.2. CORRIDOR SEPARATION With the above in mind it is worth noting that since the start of this EIA the debate on corridor separation has been at the centre of many of the environmental issues being considered. In all EIAs undertaken by the EAP to date, it has generally emerged that the impact of a new line on the environment is generally less when it is placed next to other linear infrastructure, and in particular next to existing power lines. Whether the same applies to the planning of a number of new lines with the same start and end points needs to be determined in this study. There are few examples in recent years where Eskom has planned such substantial network expansions normally associated with integrating new base load power stations with the existing grid. The only EIA that faced a similar issue is the EIA for the proposed 4 x 400kV lines between Delta Substation and the planned Mmamabula Power Station in Botswana. There are no existing power lines (and minimal other linear infrastructure) in that study area and the EIA concluded that a single corridor of four lines offered the least impact solution on the biophysical, social and economic environments. There are three main arguments involved in the debate on corridor separation: • The combination of linear infrastructure in a single "industrial" (or "utility") corridor tends to confine the impacts to a smaller footprint, often with positives such as common service roads, servitude maintenance, etc. This is a sound environmental argument. • Network stability is critical to the safe operation of the transmission network. These power lines will be evacuating power from a number of power stations through a central point (Delta Substation) and multiple line failure could result in severe network instability, possibly leading to uncontrolled outages across the country. Eskom's tried and tested solution to this is to separate the power lines from the same source to minimise the chance that anyone environmental factor may affect more than one or two lines at a time. • The issue of cumulative impacts. This is a complex argument. How many lines are too many? Who gets priority, the landowner or the community/district? 11.2.1. Eskom Requirements Eskom generally adopts a precautionary approach by assuming that such events will occur in any location within the country. Therefore there is generally a presumption towards line and corridor separation irrespective of the local environment. However, Eskom does acknowledge the environmental argument to minimise the number of power lines and to keep them together where possible. Therefore Eskom has already sought to minimise the impacts as follows. The Eskom Transmission Grid Planners have designed the optimal network solution that minimises the number of power lines required. This initially included 6 x 765kV lines for two new 4800MW power stations (Medupi and Mmamabula), but this has since been upgraded to replace two of the 765kV lines with two 600kV HVDC lines with a view to providing the necessary transmission capacity for additional DEJR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 63 DEAT ReI.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industnal Services PBA Internationai coal-fired power stations into the future (ie Coal 3 and 4). This maintains a total of 6 new lines needed between Delta and Epsilon for the foreseeable future (see Appendix 1-2) Additionally, Eskom Transmission has assessed options of maximising the number of lines within a corridor. They originally required that no more than two 765kv lines could exist in a corridor. This complied with the N-2 contingency required for a network connected directly to a power station. However, acknowledging public concern regarding the number of lines across the countryside, Eskom has reviewed the network stability at the same time as upgrading the capacity of the network to receive power from Coal 3 and Coal 4. The outcome of this review is Eskom's current proposal for three power lines in two corridors, separated by a distance of 10km (see Appendix 1-2). 11.2.2. Public Comments on Separation of Power Lines With due acknowledgement to Eskom's concerns regarding network stability, this study sets out to investigate the status of the environmental risk factors affecting power lines in this study area. This is presented in Section 11.1 and Appendix 11-8. Furthermore, the issue of cumulative impacts is also assessed and is presented in Section 10.3.8. The importance of the issue of power line and corridor separation is also highlighted by the public. Comments given from each of the main areas are summarised below. In general there is favour for a single corridor of six new power lines next to existing infrastructure (roads, rail and power lines). TABLE 5: Summary of public submissions on thIs Issue Groot Marico Bushveld • A "super industrial" corridor recommended to house not only 6x 765kV power District Farmers Union lines but also other linear infrastructure e.g. railway lines, pipelines, etc. (DFU). • Place this next to existing infrastructure. • If not next to existing infrastructure then place it through communal land where local people can benefit by being allowed to graze their animals in the servitudes that will mean the grass will be kept low and there will be less severe fires. Swartruggens DFU: • Recommends an "industrial" corridor where there is existing power lines, away from pristine areas that are currently unaffected by power lines. There are few areas without power lines so they recommend that these areas be kept so. Rietfontein Landowners: • Consider Industrial corridor along existing infrastructure • Eskom must consider building structures that will be able to carry both the existing 400kV lines and the new 765kV lines. Alternatively they must put the new 765kV lines on top of the existing structures of 400kV lines. • Construct the new .6 x 765kV lines close to the 400kV and then decommission the 400kV line at the completion of this construction. If this is done then there will not be any necessity to impact on new areas. DEIR 6x 765kV TransmisSion 64 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industnal Services PBA Inlernal,o'lai Sentrum: • The most western corridor must not be used because the area is very pristine and does not have any existing power lines currently. The corridor next to the 400kV power lines where the approved 3 x 400kV (lines to Marang and Dinaledi) will be placed next to the existing 2 x 400kV will be heavily impacted and additional lines will be too much. • Use railway line option as existing infrastructure. Makoppa Be • Initially identified a single Industrial corridor as the preferred solution, but later Matjiesfontein: stated a preference for separate corridors following existing linear I infrastructure. • However, they felt that the existing corridor of five 400kV lines (including the three new lines to Marang and Dinaledi) is already heavily impacted upon and should be avoided. Steenbokpan: • Has strongly stated a single industrial corridor is the preferred solution. This was also the preference for the lines to Mmamabula. 11.3. WATER SUPPLY FOR POWER STATIONS The water requirements for the proposed power stations fall outside the ambit of this project. As it is raised at various meetings with stakeholders, the Background Information Documents (BIDs) for the project to supply water to the power stations in the Lephalale area has been attached for information purposes. The Mokolo and Crocodile River (West) Water Augmentation Project (MCWAP) consists of two phases, namely Phase 1 that will augment the supply from the Mokolo Dam and Phase 2 that refers to the transfer of water from the Crocodile River (West) to the Lephalale area and the de-bottlenecking of an existing water pipeline. The EIA for this project is being undertaken by the consulting company, Nemai Consulting. The preliminary alignment for the Phase 2 project is following the existing railway line (Corridor E for this project). The above project will not affect the location of the proposed 765kV power lines, but may be an issue for the HVDC lines and the associated higher electric fields. See Appendix 1-6 for copies of the Background Information Documents (BIDs). DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kv Transmission Power Line Project 65 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR OeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services rJBA !nternalIonal 12. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT As can be seen in Map 5 of this report and Map IV-1, Volume IV. the number of possible power line corridors that needed were considered in the EIA phase of the project amounted to 26 corridors (deviation corridors included). An integrated mapping exercise was undertaken in order to ascertain which corridors were the less sensitive than others so to reduce the number of corridors for the final analysis. Methodologies as explained in detail in Section 5.3 were used by the specialists (and the EAP) to assess the complexity and variety of the study area and corridor alternatives. The information gathered by the specialists was spatially represented and analysed in order to see where areas of high and low environmental sensitivity were within the study area. The use of GIS based mapping and the integration of environmental sensitivities was undertaken to identify the best corridors (corridors with a lower environmental impact) to be taken forward for final assessment. 12.1. STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDY AREA The sensitivity analysis of the study area was mapped by each specialist as per the methodology outlined in Section 5.3.1. This was not an exhaustive strategic environmental assessment. but it helped identify the spatial distribution of planned development, land use and environmental sensitivity. The detail of the area wide assessment done by each specialist is presented in Volume II, and summarised in Section 13 below, and it was supplemented by input from stakeholders, published municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), and information available on mining prospecting and development. An overview of the study area is provided here. An observation that is mentioned a number of times in this report is that many of the different land types and land uses that may be sensitive to power lines occur in bands across the study area (ie east-west). This requires that the power lines, traversing north to south. will cross these areas at some point. These include: • The bushveld areas (savannah woodland) in the north that are increasingly converting to tourism and hunting based industries (see Maps 3 & 4). • A similar band or tourism based development from the Magaliesberg through Swartruggens to Groot Marico. • The mountain ranges and ridges from Thabazimbi to Dwarsberg and Magaliesberg to Zeerust (see Map 5). • Large areas under traditional authorities in the central area (Map 4) • The open, flat, grasslands and cultivated lands spread over the southern area (Maps 3 & 4). • The Crocodile and Matlabas Rivers, with associated irrigation and centre-pivot schemes cross the study area east to west. There are. however, some differences between the eastern and western areas that need to be considered in routing the power lines: Northern areas: • The Waterberg range and associated local ridges in the north-east extends almost from Lephalale. passed Thabazimbi, to Ramokokastad (Map 5). This area includes the Marekele National Park and the Waterberg Biosphere. and is seen to be the core of the tourism development plans in this northern area (Map 5). This includes plans for eco-estates and tourism ventures as part of the integrated development plans for Thabazimbi. Hence, tourism development in the eastern areas is seen to be more formal and integrated than further west. Nevertheless, this eastern area is also more developed, with mining, main urban areas (Thabazimbi), and the railway line. all being prominent in the area. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 66 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar£18t1 Industrial Services PBA International • In contrast, the areas to the west are seen to be developing tourism based businesses on a more private basis. Tourism initiatives vary from just hunting to lodges offering hunting and photo-safaris, and many farms still maintain an element of cattle farming. Nevertheless, this area has very limited development and a more "wilderness" sense-of-place, with only existing transmission lines being the main sign of development. • Ecologically the area is not highly sensitive, though protected plant species will be widespread and some red data plants will occur. The mountain terrain, ridges and river corridors will be more sensitive (with greater biodiversity), but these are generally not threatened habitat. The main concerns would be the vulture breeding areas in the west (around Atherstone National Park) and a triangular area north of the Pilanesberg generally delineated by the Crocodile and Bierspruit Rivers which holds the core of the remaining resident South African population of Yellow-throated Sandgrouse. • Existing linear infrastructure is also an important feature of the northern environment. The main linear corridors are aligned north-south. This includes the railway line running through Thabazimbi. This is a single (diesel operated) line, but there are two servitudes and Transnet expects to need to upgrade the line to an electric line and build a second line to service the growing development around Steenbokpan and Lephaiale. Additionally, there are three existing transmission line corridors running south from Matimba Power Station. These are located in the middle of the northern area (Map 1). Central areas: • Land use is more mixed. The Pilanesberg Nature Reserve is a key landmark in the area, and it forms the eastern part of the Heritage Park. This Heritage Park will extend to the Madikwe National Park and is currently in the planning stages of its establishment (Map 1). • Mining (including prospecting) occurs in the Heritage Park area (near Dwaalboom), but is more of a dominant feature of the landscape south-east of the Pilanesberg (Rustenberg area). The areas east of the Pilanesberg is also more densely populated and developed, with smaller property sizes, than most of the areas west of the Pilanesberg. A high incidence of bush-fires in this eastern part of the central area is seen to be the result of a combination of higher population density and steeper slopes (allowing fires to spread quicker). • Tourism initiatives are still a significant feature of the central area, though again these are generally seen to be more private initiatives at varying levels, and sometimes mixed with other farming (cattle) activities. Exceptions are the Pilanesberg and Heritage Park, the Magaliesberg Nature Reserve in the eastern areas, and tourism around the town of Groot Marico. • Existing linear infrastructure includes the N4 .national road running west to Botswana, the railway line to the east of the Pilanesberg (running north-south), and three existing transmission power line corridors running north-south; one east of the Pilanesberg and two west of it. • Ecologically, outside the· formal conservation areas (the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve, Magaliesberg, Vaalkop Dam and Marico Bosveld Nature Reserves - Map 5), the central area is more impacted by formal and informal development than the northern area, though the mountainous areas and the N4 national road corridor are generally in better condition. These run east-west across the study area and will be affected by the power lines in some way. • There are also sensitive heritage "hot spots" around the Pilanesberg area (mainly north-west and west). These should be avoided. Southern areas: • This open landscape has relatively few differences between the eastern and western halves of the study area. The land use is mixed grazing and crop lands. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 67 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tv1a r gen Industria! Services fORA Internationai • Population density appears slightly higher in the west, especially closer to Epsilon. • There are also larger areas under centre-pivot irrigation in the western areas, particularly near the Lichtenberg/Coligny areas, a large area due south of Groot Marico, and south of Ventersdorp (Map 4). • Linear infrastructure exists in the form of railway lines, roads, and power lines. The main rail and road routes cross the area east to west. The main power lines tend to converge towards the many substations to the east of this area. • Ecologically, the remaining undisturbed grasslands are seen to be sensitive but can be crossed by power lines if managed properly. These areas are scattered throughout the southern area, and interspersed with crop lands. An important part of the biodiversity of the area will be the bird species that forage in the grasslands and croplands and are prone to collision with power lines. This includes the Blue Crane that occurs in small populations in the study area, but it is understood they range over a wide area. The strategic environmental assessment was included in the spatial assessment of environmental sensitivity in the study area. This was combined to form an integrated view of environmental sensitivity as presented below. 12.2. GIS INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY Each layer of environmental sensitivity was captured on a Geographical Information System (GIS) and superimposed to present an integrated view of environmental sensitivity. This was done for both pre- and post­ mitigation scenarios. The integrated maps are presented in Maps IV-SA to SG in Volume IV. The integrated maps present sensitivity of the environment to power lines. They do not account for the presence of other linear infrastructure, nor other environmental risks such as tornados. Furthermore, they do not account for cumulative impact, which needs to be considered when looking at both best route and best combination of lines. However, this process provided the foundation to prepare a short-list of corridors for further analysis. This is presented below. 12.3. CORRIDOR SELECTION The summary of the integrated pre- and post-mitigation speCialist sensitivity rankings are presented in Table 1 below. The table lists the corridors from the most preferred to the least preferred The difference in sensitivity value between the corridors is marginal apart from the first and last corridors. This reflects that the environmentally sensitive areas occur in bands lying east-west across the study area and all the corridors (moving north to south) will cross the. same bands as the neighbouring corridor. These bands of sensitive areas are based on local features; woodland, grassland and the hills and ridges across the study area. The northern and southern areas that are characterised broadly by game and cattle farming and tourism ventures in the north and large scale crop farming in the south, whereas the central areas are a mix of mining, tourism and commercial farming. This has the result that many of the individual corridor scores are very similar. Initial inspection suggests that Corridor 8 (Ba and 82), a combination of Corridors 8 and C (C-82, C-B3 and C­ BS), Corridor D and Corridor F all have potential as offering the least impact. CD~E~IR~D~eillltaa.-EEprns~iIODrn~6~x776~5~kVV~n;~~PPomw~e~ruru~~;---------------------------------------- S8 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DaltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industria: S(~rvices PBA Internationai TABLE 6: Integrated sensitivity rankingsj Pre- & Post-Mitigation. By contrast, the corridors that indicate the highest levels of sensitivity, namely Corridors E and B_C2 (see diagrams below). The reasons for Corridor E having one of the highest sensitivity ranking are: • The corridor crosses directly through Thabazimbi. The impact would be extremely high where large numbers of people would have to be moved as well as industrial and mining activities. • If the corridor was deviated to avoid Thabazimbi it would have to cross a mountain range on both the eastern and western side of Thabazimbi. This would have a high impact on pristine habitats generally found in mountains and hills as well as increasing the fire risk of the corridor due to the steep slopes that would have to be crossed. • The corridor crosses through the middle of a provincial Nature Reserve, Ben Alberts Nature Reserve. This would constitute a high visual and social impact on visitors to the reserve and on the sense of place of the area and would impact on an area that will be occupied by flora and fauna species of conservation importance because of its large size, less fragmented habitat, low degradation levels and more scientific approach to the management of the area. • Corridor E crosses through the middle of sensitive micro-habitat known as the Northern Turfveld (situated between Thabazimbi and Northam which holds the core of the remaining population of Yellow Throated Sandgrouse with the possibility that another Red Data species, the Short-Clawed DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 69 OEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsiJonV2.doc Margen industrial Services PBA International Lark also occurring in the area. Possible habitat and breeding disturbance could lead to the bird species abandoning the area. Corridor Corridor B·C2 E • Although the corridor runs parallel to existing linear infrastructure which indicates an already disturbed landscape this has not lead to a decrease in the overall impact of the power lines. This is due to the fact that ability to mitigate the impacts of placing the power lines through Thabazimbi and Ben Alberts will be difficult if not impossible as large numbers of people. businesses and other activities will have to be moved leading to widespread disruption) and there is a high contrast between the size of the railway lines and the proposed power lines providing more of a contrast than mitigation. • South of Thabazimbi. space constraiAts become an issue as the area between Thabazimbi and Northam has intensive mining interspersed with agricultural activity through which the R510 and railway line pass and there is not sufficient space for the proposed power lines. The reasons for the higher sensitivity of Corridor C_B2 are: • The length of the corridor increases its sensitivity ranking as the section that loops around the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve adds an additional 80km (approximate) to the corridor increasing the length of impact the corridor could have on the biophysical and social environment. • The area immediately north of the Pilanesberg has been allocated a very high heritage sensitivity rating due extensive Late Iron Age settlements in a triangular area between the mountains of Mmatone. Mogare and Phatswane on the farms Witkleifontein and Tuschenkomst, This Late Iron Age cultural landscape has been earmarked as a "No Go Area" because of the visual impact on these historical structures will be such that the significance of the landscape will be diminished greatly. The mega stonewalled sites that occur near and on the slopes and spurs of mountains in the study area constitute cultural landscapes. • The north eastern section of the corridor on the perimeter of the Pilanesberg is difficult due to a number of large and growing settlements on the farms Modderkuil, Koedoespruit. Zandfontein (on which the town of Mogwase is located), Kafferskraal and Doornpoort. Getting one power line through this area let alone 2, 3 of 6 lines would mean large scale displacement and fragmentation of communities. • However, as will be seen below, some local adjustments can improve the score of this corridor. making it a viable option. The other corridors ranked between 20 to 26 are situated largely in the western half of the study area (Corridor A and local deviations) where there is fewer disturbances to the environment by infrastructure developments. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 70 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tvlarqnn Indusuial Swvic;es PBA International 12.3.1. Short List of Corridors From the above table it can be seen that the top ranked corridors with the lower sensitivity rankings remain so between the pre- and post mitigation mapping exercise. Therefore, the short list of corridors was selected from these, namely, Corridors Ba, C_B2, C_B3, D and F. With regard to Corridor Ba, the deviation called Corridor A_Marico (Bushveld FU) was included as the section of Ba running parallel to and west of Groot Marico is topographically an issue due to the steep gorges in the areas as well as crossing pockets of dense populations of people such as Koffiekraal. The deviation formed part of Corridor A and was called A_Marico and was originally recommended by Groot Marico Bushveld District Farmers Union as a less sensitive area to place the power lines. On top of this deviation was another deviation as depicted below that avoids a large and heavily concentrated area of centre pivots irrigation farming. Deviations on Corridor D were introduced because of space constraints around the town of Northam and the Spitskop substation because of proposed residential and industrial developments for that area as well as proposed mine expansions. See diagrams below indicating the short listed corridors and deviations. Corridor Corridor D C-B2 i I \ i fCorridor C-B3 Corridor , j F DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 71 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc fvlargen Industria! Services PBA Internat,ona! Corridor Sa The purple lines on the map to the right refer to the main corridors selected for detailed specialist assessment, and the orange lines are the proposed deviations on the some of the corridors. CD~E~IR~D~e~lt;a-~E~pS~iI~on~6x~7~6~5k1kVJTr;;~~~~;L~Pft~~----------------------------------------- 72 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc fv1argen industrial SerViCf?S PBA int8rnattO,la! 13. SPECIALIST ASSESSMENT OF SHORT LISTED CORRIDORS The assessments below utilised much of the information presented from the specialist reports that can be found in Volume II of the DEIR. All the specialists were asked to assess the study area to establish the sensitivity of the area in terms of their specific field of speciality and the expected impacts they identified that the proposed power lines would have in regard to their speciality. They then integrated their specific information into maps (as described section 12.2) to give a spatial representation of sensitivities from which the shortlisted corridors were selected. The specialists ther) focussed their attention on the shortlisted corridors for further analysis in relation to the study area and the environmental sensitivity of the corridors to power lines. 12 13.1. AVIFAUNA ASSESSMENT Power lines have both a direct impact on birds (collisions and electrocutions) and an indirect impact (disturbance of breeding birds and destruction of habitat during construction and servitude clearance). The study ascertained that electrocutions were not expected to occur because of the large size of the clearance between live components of the power line making it virtually impossible for birds to bridge the air gap between the components. Collisions are seen as the biggest threat posed by transmission lines especially with the heavy-bodied, slow moving birds that do not have the ability or agility to avoid colliding with power lines. Collisions are linked to habitat types hence power lines crossing old and fallow lands, rivers and water bodies; power lines situated in close proximity to cliff-faces and b~eeding colonies pose a threat to the bird species that utilise these habitats to roost, forage and breed. Destruction and transformation of microhabitats during the construction phase of the power lines and when servitudes are cleared of vegetation could lead to an alteration of or reduction in suitable habitat that could lead to birds leaving the area. The construction process includes noise and an increase in human population and movement could also impact on breeding activities thereby leading to breeding failure is disturbance happens during the critical part of the breeding season. The habitat in the whole study area was assessed in order to identify and delineate sensitivity zones to identify areas of high and low risk to birds. The assessment not only considered whether a specific vegetation type or land cover was considered important for a specific Red Data species or group of species, but also to what degree the proposed lines would impact that environment. The assessment considered each of the expected impacts, namely collisions, habitat destruction and disturbance. Sensitivity tables were compiled using a ranking from a low sensitivity to a high sensitivity and presented in Section 8 of the Bird Study in Appendix 11-1. Generally, areas that have been disturbed or transformed to such an extent that the presence of Red Data species is expected to be low is given a low ranking. Such instances include monoculture croplands, subsistence farming, degraded woodland, and forest plantations. Medium to high and high sensitivity rankings are the converse of the above, and are attributed to undisturbed and contiguous woodland and grasslands, riparian vegetation, wetlands and dams and known areas where Red Data species breed. A geographic information system was used to calculate the total percentage of a given sensitivity zone (for example, industrial areas, commercial monoculture crops, natural grassland) within a corridor. In the case of 12 See Appendix II-I for full Avifauna Report DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power line Project 73 DEAT Ref.. 12112(20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA Internationa! Red Data raptor and vulture nests, a 1km buffer zone was created around each known nest. The same was done for rivers. The percentage of a zone in a given corridor was then m~ltiplied with the sensitivity score of that zone, to arrive at a final sensitivity score for that portion of a zone that falls within a given corridor. Finally, a total sensitivity score for a corridor was calculated by adding up the final sensitivity scores of the different sensitivity zones in a given corridor. The results of this exercise are found in Table 7 below: Corridor Total Sensitivity Score Comments C-S3 510 This corridor is the least sensitive because, relative to ! the other corridors, it contains larger percentages of subsistence agriculture, and commercial agriculture in the grassland biome, and has very few recorded Red Data species nests located in the corridor. C-S2 517 This corridor is virtually identical to CS_3 but contains slightly less subsistence agriculture and more natural woodland. Corridor F 536 Very similar to Corridor D, this corridor is characterised by large sections of natural woodland, which increase the sensitivity. However, it contains more areas· of urbanisation and degraded woodland than D, therefore the lower sensitivity score. SA-Deviation A Marico 539 This corridor, although longer than many of the other corridors, contains sizable percentages of degraded woodland and commercial agriculture in the grassland biome. which reduce the overall sensitivity. It does however contain several known Red Data nests. D 542 This corridor is characterised by large sections of • natural woodland, which increases the sensitivity. D -Deviation 2 546 This deviation contains a slightly larger section of I Northern Turfveld than Corridor D. which is the main reason for it being slightly more sensitive than Corridor D. Otherwise the two corridors are virtually identical. D -Deviation 1 556 This deviation contains a large section of Northern • Turfveld and natural woodland. which is the main reason for its relatively high sensitivity score. SA-Deviation 3 564 The high score of this corridor is a function of the long length, relatively large areas that contain natural grassland and woodland, and several confirmed Red Data nests located within the corridor. This sensitivity is slightly reduced by a section that contains a large amount of degraded woodland. which makes it slightly less sensitive than SA. SA 569 The high score of this corridor is a function of the long length. relatively large areas that contain natural grassland and woodland. and several confirmed Red Data nests located within the corridor. From the above it can be seen that Corridors C_82 and C_83 are clearly the preferred corridors from an avifauna impact perspective. There are a number of reasons for this and these are: DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission 74 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Industrial Services PBA International • Both corridors cross the highest percentage of cultivated land especially in the south as well as highest percentage of subsistence farming than the other corridors. CUltivation transforms original habitat making these areas unsuitable for large terrestrial species. Hence. expected impacts from the proposed power lines (collisions, habitat destruction and disturbance) are less likely to occur in along these corridors as the habitat is unlikely to house many Red Data species. • In addition both corridors cross the least distance of natural grassland in the study area where Red Data species like the highly endangered Blue Crane are likely to be found. In contrast the least preferred corridor. Corridor Ba in contrast crosses the highest distance of natural grassland along its alignment thereby increasing the risk of impacts as there is a high likelihood that birds reliant on natural grassland to survive will be found along this corridor. • Corridor C_B3 also crosses the least amount of rivers and both corridors have the lowest percentage of waterbodies in them. Rivers, dams. and wetlands are all favoured habitat for birds hence the less water bodies and rivers crossed the less the risk of expected impacts. • The least preferred corridor, Corridor Ba, crosses the highest percentage of water bodies and this corridor also runs close to an important vulture breeding site in the Atherstone Nature Reserve in the far western edge of the study area. With regard to the question regarding the separation of the power lines into a number of corridors or keeping all the power lines in one corridor. it was recommended that from a bird impact perspective. the power lines should be placed in a single corridor for the following reasons: • Splitting up the power lines into various corridors would spread the impact across a wider area • Spreading the power lines will contribute to the fragmentation of the woodland habitat which is currently relatively intact thereby supporting large Red Data species • A single corridor of many power' lines will be visible to birds thereby reducing the risk of birds colliding with the lines • By keeping the power lines in a single corridor. fewer bird habitats will be affected thus reducing the risk of exposing more birds to collisions and disturbance during construction and maintenance. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 75 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsitonV2.doc ~Jiargen Induc;trial Sorvices PBA International 13.2. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY 13 The overall goal of the study was to assess the biodiversity sensitivities of the region by means of the Ecosystem Approach or Landscape Ecology. The Ecosystem Approach is advocated by the Convention on Biological Diversity and it recognizes that people and biodiversity are part of broader ecosystems on which they depend, and that they should thus be assessed in an integrated way is the study of spatial variation in landscapes at a variety of scales. The study area is situated within the Grassland and Savanna (Bushveld) Biomes. Savanna regions comprise approximately 70% of the study area, largely in the northern part, and the grassland biome covers the remainder if the study area, located mainly in the southern areas. Impacts resulting from the construction and operation of power lines on ecological attributes of the study area are largely restricted to the physical impacts on biota or the habitat in which they occur. Potential impacts include the following, but are not necessarily limited to: • Direct impacts: such as destruction of threatened flora species; destruction of protected tree species; impacts on threatened fauna species; impacts on common fauna species; destruction of sensitive! pristine regional habitat types; • Indirect Impacts: that include floristic species changes within the servitudes; faunal interaction with structures, servitudes and personnel (poaching) and impacts on surrounding habitaU species; • Cumulative Impacts: impacts on SA's conservation obligations; an increase in local and regional fragmentation! isolation of habitat; and Increase in environmental degradation. Biophysical aspects have an influence on the development of the ecology of a region and the biophysical attributes of the study area were identified 'and ascribed sensitivities in relation to the construction and operation of the proposed power lines. These sensitivities were collated to assist with the production of a biodiversity sensitivity map of the study area on a regional scale. The biophysical aspects that were considered were: • Topography and slopes: Varied topography is recognized as one of the most powerful influences contributing to the high biodiversity of Southern Africa .. • Conservation Areas: important because they assist in achieving national targets of biodiversity conservation. It is also expected that they will be occupied by flora and fauna species of conservation importance because of their large size, less fragmented habitat, low degradation levels and a more scientific approach to the management of the area. • Surface water: Areas of surface water contribute significantly towards the local and regional biodiversity of an area due to the atypical habitat that is present. • Land cover and Land use: land cover classes are divided into areas where habitat transformation has taken place (agriculture, mining, urbanisation, etc) which are attributed a low sensitivity; and areas of natural habitat that are attributed the same sensitivity as the regional vegetation type except indigenous forests and wetlands that were attributed a high sensitivity. • Game farms: Game farms associated with conservation areas or that have been indicated as protected environments were ascribed a medium-high sensitivity. The sensitivity of the remainder of game farms were ascribed on a similar level as the regional vegetation types that they were located in. • Regional Vegetation: The sensitivity of regional vegetation types is ascribed on the basis of two main criteria, namely the biome (grassland and savanna ecoregions) and secondly, the conservation status 13 See Appendix II-2 in Volume II for full Terrestrial Biodiversity and Ecology Report DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 76 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industria! S(;(V'iCCS PBA Intmnational of the particular vegetation type. Conservation status of vegetation types within the study area are listed in the Biodiversity Report. The biodiversity sensitivity map was compiled by means of a GIS analysis of overlaying databases of biodiversity attributes and sensitivities. In terms of general regional sensitivities and expected impacts, the woodland biome was more sensitive to the proposed development than grassland areas, mainly as a result of the severity of impacts associated with clearance of the woody layer during construction as well as seasonal maintenance within the servitudes. The general lower sensitivities in the southern parts of the study area is also a result of the high fragmentation and isolation factors caused by the presence of agricultural areas, urban development and mining. The short list of corridors were analysed in terms of biodiversity sensitivities where all 25 servitudes were ranked in terms of the extent of sensitivity classes within the corridor in order to obtain a suitability value for each corridor. TABLE 8: Biodiversity Corridor Sensitivity Corridor Name Total Average C_B6 17 3.40 C_B3 18 3.60 B2 25 5.00 C_B2 27 5.40 B2 Swart2 28 5.60 C2 28 5.60 B_C2 32 6.40 B2 Swartl 32 6.40 C_B5 47 9.40 A Marico 57 11.40 Al 61 12.20 Cl 70 14.00 B_C1 73 14.60 Bl Olivier 90 18.00 F 90 18.00 G 93 18.60 0 94 18.80 C_B4 97 19.40 A Zeerust 98 19.60 E 101 20,20 B1 102 20.40 C_Bl 104 20.80 BA 107 21.40 CA 111 22.20 A 112 22.40 A Grootpan 120 24.00 The corridors that were selected that represent the lowest possible impact when all disciplines are taken into consideration are indicated in bold in the table above. Corridors with averaged sensitivity rankings less than 10 are regarded as suitable options for the proposed development and limited mitigation is required however some limited unavoidable impacts in sensitive areas are expected. DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 77 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar~lon Industrial Services P8A International Corridors with averaged sensitivity ran kings between 10 and 20 are regarded moderately suitable whilst corridors with averaged sensitivity rankings values higher than 20 are not regarded suitable for the proposed development. Even with significant mitigation measures, extensive impacts are still expected to occur within sensitive parts of these corridors. Corridors C_B3 and C·B2 were the corridors that showed the lowest overall sensitivity ranking of the short-list nd corridors selected and when taken into account with all 25 corridors, these corridors were 2 and 4th lowest respectively in terms of the extent of biodiversity sensitivities. This was due to the fact that the corridors have a relatively low distance of high sensitivity areas (such as rivers and natural, unfragmented habitat) along them. These corridors cross low sensitivity areas such as the areas to the west and north of the Pilanesberg where informal settlements are spreading rapidly and where overgrazing and over utilisation of vegetation for fuel and building material is occuring. The corridors contain extensive areas that have been transformed not only by informal settlements but by crop farming in the south. Corridors D and F have much higher sensitivity ratings. This is in part due to the mountainous area the corridors cross from east of Thabazimbi (Ysterberg, Berg van Winde, etc.) through to the Dwarsberg on the west as well as the sections of the escarpment area and unfragmented grassland that the corridors cross south of the Pilanesberg. In comparison, the corridor showing a higher degree of sensitivity, Corridors Ba, runs parallel to major rivers in the central and southern parts of the alignment as well as crossing a larger section of the escarpment area with steep slopes and gorges where expected impacts by the power lines (transformation, degradation of pristine habitats) will be high on these habitats. The corridor also contains large areas of natural habitat that will be transformed by construction of the power lines. Additionally, corridors C_B2 and C_B3 (approx. 360km) are shorter than corridor Ba (approx. 400km) thereby reducing the overall risk of impact of the power lines to a shorter distance. Regarding the question as to keeping the power lines in one corridor or separating them into 2 and 3 corridors, from a biodiversity perspective it was recommended that a single corridor was the preferred option, particularly in savanna regions. This was mostly as a result of the relative high impact of edge effects created by a high number of servitudes. Lower impacts in grassland areas will allow for 'splitting' the corridors in these areas to mitigate high impacts in other disciplines. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 78 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsllonV2.doc iV1arger; industria! S(:;rvices PBA International 14 13.3. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT The purpose of the study was to perform a comprehensive economic impact assessment to determine the anticipated economic net benefits and losses of the proposed power line corridors to the affected regions. The analysis was done from the general to the specific. thus, the economic and demographic overview of the area provided for background information regarding the size and importance of the study area. The general analysis was followed by a detailed sectoral analysis of the study area highlighting the affected sectors and land uses. Information and data related to affected sectors were gathered and utilised to form part of the impact assessment. The economic impact assessment highlights two main areas of impact; (1) the economic impact per corridor and (2) the economic impact on the national economy. The impact per corridor illustrates the local impact of power lines on land use and production for affected land. while the national impact illustrates the job 15 opportunities and growth potential that may accompany such a development . TABLE 9 below provides a summary of the economic trends in study area for 2007. Study Area Importance Sector Study Area (= national contribution) Agriculture 2.0% 3.4% Mining 39.4% 26.7% Manufacturing 4.7% 1.1% Electricity & water 1.9% 3.4% Construction 2.8% 3.0% Wholesale & retail trade; catering and accommodation 9.9% 2.6% Transport & communication 9.7% 3.7% Finance and business services 12.6% 2.3% Community, social and other personal services 17.0% 3.6% Total 100.0% 4.1% The table shows that the mining sector is the highest contributor to the study area's economy at 39.4%. This is followed by community and government services (17%) and then finance and business services (12.6%). Electricity and water (1.9%) as well as the agriculture (2%) sectors are the lowest contributors to the economy. Only the mining sector contributes significantly towards the national sectoral contribution with 26.7% while the other sectors contribute between 2% and 4%. Tourism is not an economic sector in its own right. but is a complex and composite sector comprising mainly of the following sectors; agriculture, transport, accommodation, catering, recreation and services utilised by international and domestic visitors. It is estimated that the sector contributes between 8% and 9% to the national GDP. The property impact assessment undertaken for this project revealed that in the agricultural property market, there was a direct relationship between property value and productivity/income producing capacity. There was also a clear relationship between property value and land use with the value of game and tourism orientated farms being higher than agricultural farms as agricultural productivity is not the sole determinant of prices with game and tourism farms. Aesthetic and visual value is also taken into account. 14 See Volume II, Appendix 11-3 for the full report: Delta-Espilon Power Line Economic Impact 15 Ditto, p.1 DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 79 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industrial Services PBA Internationai The economic micro-analysis of the study area focused primarily on the impact on agriculture and tourism sectors as it was determined that these sectors would affected by the power line project. The study area is predominantly characterised by agricultural activities with the southern section characterised by intensive crop production whilst the northern area is predominantly livestock and game farming and hunting. Although hunting is included in the standard industrial classification for agriculture, it was decided that because of its importance in the study area, the hunting sector would fall under the tourism assessment. AGRICULTURE: The size of the agricultural sector in the study area compared nationally is low with the study area contributing approximately 3.4% to the national agricultural sector and employs 5.1 % of national sectoral employment. This indicates that the construction of the proposed power lines would probably not ruin the sector. The main types of agricultural activities include maize, sunflower, soya and livestock farming. The value of properties is directly affected by the production that takes place on the land and the quantified impact of the proposed power line project on the above-mentioned dry land agricultural production was between 0-3% with the same percentage been determined for the impact on land value. However, these figures increased slightly for properties with centre pivot irrigation where the quantified impact on production and on land value was determined to be between 3 and 5%. This is due to the higher productivity/income producing capacity of those properties. These figures relate to situations where no mitigation measures have been implemented. With mitigation measures the impact is expected to be low (0-3%) across the board. All the corridors were assessed with regard to the total ratio of crop cultivation taking place in them. Corridors with the biggest ratio of cultivated land should be more impacted on than those with lesser hectares of cUltivation in them. rD~E~IRUD~e~lta~-~Ep~s~jlo~n~6~x776~5~kVV~~~~~;;~~~~--------------------------------------- 80 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc indu~;tfia; f)B.l\ Intornational TABLE 10 COrridor 8,567 3,821 8,576 195 2,425 2,302 25,886 A_GROOTPAN . 5,938 3,713 8,195 195 1,246 2,078 21,366 A_MARICO 6,728 3,761 11,144 195 2,632 2,607 27,067 6,601 4,225 9,248 195 2,105 2,228 24,602 5,344 5,428 12,376 128 636 977 24,889 5,382 5,714 12,376 128 606 1,910 26,115 1,665 4,148 '11,344 128 852 635 18,773 B1~ OLIVIER 1,352 4,035 11,344 128 852 635 18,347 6,352 4,788 12,249 128 779 1,541 25,838 B2~_SWART1 6,214 4,591 12,249 128 661 1,387 25,232 B2_SWART2 6,269 4,789 12,249 128 779 1,410 25,625 7,318 3,668 9,560 223 2,352 2,375 25,495 1,665 4,290 10,791 297 867 635 18,546 6,352 4,930 11,696 297 794 1,541 25,611 6,352 3,666 11,354 339 893 2,785 25,390 1,665 3,183 10,449 339 967 1,786 18,390 6,352 4,019 11,368 339 893 2,015 24,987 6,352 3,824 11,354 339 893 2,692 25,455 5,344 4,214 11,481 339 750 1,411 23,539 5,382 4,500 11,481 339 720 2,344 24,765 7,318 3,810 9,007 391 2,367 2,375 25,268 7,313 2,518 7,900 235 425 701 19,092 7,823 3,415 8,006 161 326 646 20,377 7,313 3,061 7,767 104 1,598 665 20,507 7,823 2,939 8,250 104 932 763 20,811 The results indicated that corridors E, D, B_C2 and B_C1 would have less of an impact from an agriculture perspective. With regard to the short listed corridors identified, Corridor D has the lowest impact. Corridor D crosses areas that are either used for game farming, tourism and from Thabazimbi southwards, mixed land uses including mining, agriculture, growing formal and informal settlements and planned housing developments north of Rustenberg. Corridor D crosses one of the lowest extents of centre pivot farming where crop production can be expected to be high. In contrast Corridor F has a much higher area of centre pivot irrigation and this attributed to the area along the Crocodile River. Although Corridor D crosses the same river, the use of centre pivot irrigation is much lower. The gross income generated by pivot irrigation is assumed to be R12 900 per hectare per annum for the study area. It should be noted that this amount only applies to the hectarage under centre pivot irrigation. The R/ha is 16 High, medium and low cultivation refers to large commercial farms, It is anticipated that the output would be higher for high cultivation areas compared to low cultivation. Small scale farming refers to output that are produced primarily for home consumption and old fields refers to areas that have not been planted for a number of seasons. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 81 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsiJonV2.doc Margen irllius!ria! Services PBA in!ernal![ma! a combination of the main crop types in the study area, being maize and sunflower. The income per ha for mielies is R14 400 and for sunflower it is R11 550 therefore the average income is R12 900 [(R14 400 + R11 550)/2).17 This shows the financial impact if power lines' crossed centre pivot thus reflecting a low of income. The R12 900 is the average income generated by centre pivot irrigation and excludes dry land farming that can still take place under power lines with few adverse impacts. Table 11 shows the various corridors with the total size of pivot irrigation that is in each corridor, the total income generated by pivot irrigation, the expected impact if two lines were to be constructed per corridor and finally the expected income after a loss. TABLE 11 D Corridors D & Deviation 1 D & Deviation 2 Pivot .. Irngatlon {hal 425 425 425 Total Income (RI annum ) 5,488,844 5,488,844 5% .5% Income after Impact (R/annum) 5,214,402 5,214,402 • .. • •• ". 1 5,488,844 5% 5,214,402 C_b2 794 10,244,834 5% 9,732,592 3 C_b3 893 11,525,543 5% 10,949,266 4 A_Marico & Deviation 3 1,305 16,830,161 5% 15.988,653 5 F 1,598 20,610,381 5% 19,579,862 6 Ba 2,352 30,346,505 5% 28,829,180 7 A_Marico 2,632 33,956,068 5% 32.258,265 8 The tourism industry in the study area is dependent on games farms and hunting activities especially in the northern part of the study area. The Limpopo province received the highest income generated by hunting (2005/2006) at 24.9% followed by the Eastern Cape and North West province (20.2%). In terms of total animals hunted, Limpopo is third highest behind the Free State and Eastern Cape. The method for evaluation to identify the preferred corridors was to identify corridors with the least amount (ha) of hunting farms and game lodges, due to the higher negative impact on these activities. With regard to the corridors identified after the integration of all specialist results, Corridor D is identified as the corridor that will have the one of the lower impacts on the tourism industry. This can be attributed to fact that the area south from Thabazimbi to Northam and around the Pilanesberg, main land use activities are mining with small areas of game farming interspersed. The area around the Pilanesberg is already disturbed by mining activities, formal and informal residential areas and a large amount of power line infrastructure thereby limiting or discouraging the presence of game farms in this area. In the northern areas before Thabazimbi, corridor D crosses a large number of game/hunting farms but overall the extent of the area covered is less than the other corridors. The gross income generated per ha for hunting farms and game lodges in the region is estimated at approximately R2 808 per ha for the entire farm/property. This figure was determined through focused surveys 16 as part of a due diligence to determine the size of the hunting and tourism sector in the region. The amount of R2 808 per ha is an average amount meaning that some farms will have higher turn-overs than others. Table 12 below shows the combined impact for the tourism / hunting industry and preferred corridor. I. Email correspondence with economic specialist, 30 July 2009 17 Surveys done by MasterO Research, 2007 DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 82 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industrial Services PBA intornat!onai TABLE 12 Current Production Production Value after Preferred Corridors Value (R/annum) Impact (R/annum) Corridor D 52,293 146,838,915 108,498,239 D & Deviation 1 52,219 146,631,394 108,352,975 2 D & Deviation 2 52,680 147,924,054 109,304,806 3 F 57,568 161 ,652,893 117,601,929 4 Sa 62,700 176,062,825 124,148.997 5 C_b2 64,880 182,182,755 128,800,752 6 C_b3 65,843 184,887,752 131,795,813 7 A_Marico & Deviation 3 76,033 213,499,481 152,007,284 8 A_Marico 78,994 221,815,536 156,585,589 9 In order to get an overall picture of the impact of the corridors on both tourism/hunting and crops the area that will crossed by the power lines that may lead to a negative impact on both tourism / hunting and crops was undertaken and the results are shown below in Table 13. TABLE 13 Corridors Income Lost· Irrigation .. . Total Income Lost Preferred Corridor D & Deviation 1 274,442 38,278,419 38,552,862 1 D 274,442 38,340,676 38,615,118 2 D & Deviation 2 274,442 38,619,248 38,893,690 3 F 1,030,519 44,050,965 45,081,484 4 Sa 502,416 51,913,827 52,416,243 5 C_b2 512,242 53,382.002 53,894,244 6 C_b3 841,508 53,091,939 53,933,447 7 A_Marico & Deviation 3 1,517,325 61,492,197 63,009,522 8 A_Marico 1,697,803 65,229,947 66,927,750 9 The corridor with the lowest combined economic impact would be Corridor 0 (with deviations 1 and 2), With regard to single or multiple corridors, it was recommended that in the northem section of the study area there should minimal corridors as the visual impact of multiple corridors will be have a high impact on the large amount of game farms in that area whereas in the southern section with crop farming that is less impacted on there can be more than one corridor. DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 83 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marqen Industr,ai SfJrvices PBA Internatlona: 19 13.4. FUEL LOAD / FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT Fire, together with lightning and birds, are some of the environmental factors responsible for faults on power lines. The fire faults are highly influenced by local atmospheric and topographical conditions (slope of terrain), as well as the vegetation that occurs in the area (magnitude of grass fuel loads). The identification of areas of high fuel load would also assist in the decision to separate the power lines or keep them in a single corridor. Fires that burn under the transmission systems cOuld potentially present a problem, not only to its customers, but also to the equipment. During a fire under a power line, a short circuit can occur between the live conductor and the earth, which disrupts the sinusoidal shape of the alternating current. Very expensive high voltage equipment, such as transformers and circuit breakers, are then exposed to these effects and the life expectancy and duty cycle of this equipment is reduced. The potential of vegetation to produce high fuel loads and the inherent character of the terrain morphology was investigated in order to identify environments with high fire risk potential for power lines and to provide information on the distribution of grass fuel loads within the study area. In order to do this, 233 survey sites where surveyed to assess potential fire risk. Information recorded with the field surveys included quantitative information on grass fuel load; qualitative grass fuel load estimation; soil form and texture; slope of terrain, aspect, dominant woodland and grassland vegetation; presence of alien/invasive plant species, organic material accumulation and land use. In addition, modelling of fire risk information from satellite imagery was undertaken. A calibrated fuel load map based on the long term seasonal cumulative vegetation index (NOVls) was produced as well as a fuel load map based on long-term end of the season (March) NOVls. These maps can be seen below in Figures 6 and 7 of the Fire Risk Report. The two potential fuel maps were for long-term fuel load production for any given grassland and woodland area. The maps indicated that western half of the study area especially in the north have lower fuel loads than the eastern half of the study area. There is a gradual but persistent increase in areas of higher fuel load from west to east. There are a number of reasons for this. There are less mountainous areas in the west apart from the Owarsberg and the escarpment area between Rustenburg and Groot Marico and beyond. Mountainous vegetation cannot be easily managed and high fuel loads can be expected along mountain ranges. The drier and more arid climate experienced when moving west also inhibits the amount of grass layer produced thus naturally limiting the fuel load in these areas. The northern section of the study area falls within the savanna or woodland biome. The woody vegetation also limits the growth of grass especially underneath the trees and shrubs. Also, due to the relatively intact vegetation, there is a limited presence of invasive species and other high risk alien invader plants such as Lantana (Lantana camara), Black Wattle (Acacia mearnS/I), Cosmos (Bidens formosa) and indigenous invaders such as slangbos/bankrotbos (Stoebe vulgaris) that all greatly influence the fire risk under power lines. However, this could change once the woody vegetation (such as high trees) are removed in the servitude and the grassy layer becomes more productive. The graph below indicates in order the corridors that cross the least possible distance through high risk vegetation with the concomitant least fire risk. The graph points to the fact that the eastern corridors that cross or are situated close to several mountainous areas like the Waterberg, Pilanesberg and Magaliesberg have higher percentages of fire risk. This is due to the very high fuel loads found in mountain ranges as well as the 19 See Volume II, Appendix II-4 for Fire Risk Assessment DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6)( 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 84 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA Intornationai fact that slope significantly influences the forward rate of spread of fires by modifying the degree of preheating of the unburned fuel in front of the flames thereby creating conditions for the rapid spread of such fires. It should be noted that the specialist identified two additional corridor routes that had the lowest fire risk (in terms of fuel load and slope). These corridors were called Corridors FdW1 and FdW2 are indicated in most graphs and maps in the specialist's report. They will however not be included in the overall assessment as they are limited to this specific, FdW1 runs partially outside the study area and they were used to indicate a benchmark of lowest fire risk. GRAPH 1: Percentage of Fire Risk per Corridor it, % of Least Fire Risk 100,0 900 800 70.0 50.0 50.0 40,0 30.0 200 10.0 0.0 When the influence of grass fuel loads and slope are taken into account the picture changes somewhat with a few of the some of the central corridors showing a higher risk. These corridors indicated in the graph below cross a large section of Sourish Mixed l3ushveld that is found in rocky low to medium high hills (the escarpment area) with ridges with some steep faces characterized by bush clumps and a dense grass layer that equates to a high fire risk. This veQetation type, together with the Bankenveld vegetation type, is characterised by Bankrotbos/Slangbos, an invader species with high fire risk potential especially in the southern and southwestern parts of the study area. The last few corridors on the graph below showing a high combined sensitivity to fuel load and slope pass through large portions of these vegetation types that are, from a fire risk perspective, not good options 20 20 Fire Risk Report. section 5. p. 42. Appendix II-4 DEIR Delia-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 85 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MargGll indust;;,,1 Se;v;co" PBA International COMBINED SENSITIVITY -LONG TERM AVERAGE FUEL LOAD & SLOPE 100.3 6 SO.3 '.g FO.:1 o 70.3 .,; 60.:> Q!! 50.:> 40.3 30.3 20.3 10.3 0.3 N "'4 "'4 N ..... ..... ("~ W N 0 IT) I- <:( <:( :z. <:( ..I.. a ..... c:r: ..... o;t s S ...J ...J , l- c:£ I- Cl; U , co u CD I C) U , t:Il '" ca 2 u u I ::l u IJ'\ \I'l ca a: , L; <:( Cl. ..) \9 co lJ.J C) 5 uI u C) 1:: u.. "0 u.. :ll <{ < <{ c:r: I- ::J 3 Vl 3 1,1 0 Vl N I N . ~ « w N « I 0 '" ; \9 0 .....I co CD co <:( Corridor Options in orderfrom least sensitive (FdW_l)to most .ensitive (C_B4) GRAPH 2: Combined Sensitivity of Fuel Load and Slope per Corridor The imposition of mitigation measures including avoiding' steep slopes, removing alien and indigenous invaders that are a high fire risk, applying prescribed burning and removing tall trees can reduce the fire risk substantially. However, mitigating the impact of slope is difficult especially if there are no alternative alignments that can be used to minimise the risk. Of the corridor options identified as having the lowest impact after taking into account all sensitivities, the overall preferred corridor in relation to fire risk is: • Corridor C-B2 This corridor was ranked 6th in sensitivity of the 26 route and corridor options. • Corridor C-B3 th This corridor was ranked 10 in sensitivity of the 26 route and corridor options. • Corridor Ba This corridor was ranked 14th in sensitive of the 26 route and corridor options. • Corridor F th This corridor was ranked 19 in sensitivity of the 26 route and corridor options • Corridor D This corridor was ranked 20nd in sensitivity of the 26 route and corridor options. Of the corridors proposed by PBAI, Corridor C-B2 would be the most preferred, followed by Corridor C-B3. Corridors F and D are least preferred with the corridors having a very high fire risk. These corridors are within 40 to 50% of the benchmark route (FdW1 the route that will cross the least area of high vegetation fuel load and steep slopes) if both fuel load and slope is considered. They will need careful alignment to avoid steep slopes. When slope and fuel load is considered, Corridq.r Ba is not far behind in terms of overall fire risk sensitivity (40­ 50% of benchmark sensitivity). This corridor is a western route that would need somewhat less maintenance in terms of woody vegetation that would need to be cleared compared to central and eastern corridors. The value of having all the lines in one corridor outweighs splitting corridors if it is possible to avoid high grass fuel load and steep slopes. For 765 kV power lines the risk of having lines relatively close and parallel to one DEIR Delta-EpSilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 86 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margel1 Industrial Services P!3A Inlernabonai another is envisaged to be minimum especially if mitigation measures such as specific servitude maintenance as recommended are followed. If areas of high risk cannot be avoided, it is recommended that in the west two corridors of 3 lines each would be feasable if corridor Sa was used. The use of central corridors may need more careful planning to avoid steep slopes and it is recommended that the corridors be split further, three corridors of 2 lines each for this section. 21 13.5. HERIT AGE . Heritage resources found in the study area included archaeological sites (stone walled sites and settlements, Stone Age sites), graves and burial grounds, landscapes and natural features of cultural importance and historical settlements and townscapes. Two main types of impacts were identified that could occur on heritage resources, namely physical impacts where the construction of power line infrastructure impacts directly on heritage resources, for example, where a tower is built on top of a grave site. The other impact is visual where power line infrastructure affects the aesthetic and visual appearance of historical or natural landscapes. It can be assumed that impacts caused by linear developments such as power lines on heritage sites could be less severe than impacts which occur as a result of more drastic kinds of development such as mining, town development or dam building which have major and permanent effects on the environment. It has therefore been assumed that apart from 'no go' sites, the impact of the project on heritage resources should generally be low. This can be explained by the fact that long, narrow power lines offer opportunities with regard to the conservation of heritage sites. The only footprint that are left after power lines have been constructed are the towers which covers is a limited area; power lines hang above the surface and merely cause a visual impact on any heritage sites retained beneath power lines; they can be constructed in such a way that they avoid heritage sites and heritage sites can be conserved beneath power lines if pylons are spaced in such a way that they do not affect (remove, damage, alter) the sites .. Table 14 below indicates the presence and types of heritage resources in the different sections of the study area. The number 0 indicates that the particular heritage resource is probably nonexistent in that particular section of the study; number 1 indicates a low number of heritage resources; number 2 indicates a medium presence of such heritage resources and number 3 indicates a high number of such resources. 21 See Volume II, Appendix II-5 for Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 87 DEAT Ret.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEJR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MargEHl indUStria! J F 8A Internationa: HERITAGE North Comments Central Comments South Comments RESOURCES Zone Zone Zone r STONE AGE • Early Stone Age 0 1 1 ! i Middle Stone Age 1 2 1 ! Later Stone Age 1 2 1 Engravings/paintings 1 Nelsonskop 1 Olifantspoort 1 Bosworth Rhebokhoek Avondale (Doornhoek) Bulsfontein IRON AGE Early Iron Age 1 Ephemeral 1 Ephemeral in 0 north of PA the west I Later Iron Age 1 North/south of 3 Eight No Go 1 Platberg Matlabas Areas ! Pre-hislmic mining 1 Sweet Home 1 Dwarsberg 0 Zandfontein (Matlabas) HISTORICAL i PERIOD Cultural landscapes 0 1 Swartrugens 1 Ventersdorp Groot Marico Koster • Zeerust Derby Historical houses 0 Uniform 2 Ditto 2 Ditto 1930/40's Graveyards 1 2 2 ! Battlefields/monume 0 1 Kleinfontein 1 Vlakfontein nt Moedwil (Deby) Historic mining 1 Sweet Home? 1 1 Gold Zandfontein? Diamonds NO GO AREAS 0 8 2 Can be avoided if routes re­ aligned TABLE 14: Heritage Resources In Study Area The assessment of the corridors looked at the presence and significance of heritage sites within and close to the corridors that were selected. This process is depicted below. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 88 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industnal Services PBA Intorn,,1ion;)1 Table 15: Corridor Ba. Marlco Bushveld FU deviation and Bushveld deviaiton I HERITAGE TYPES Identified Spatial presentation (Y/N) I Late Iron Age/historical Yes At least 6 stone walled sites in Corridor Ba between I snes Veeplaats 82 & Zyferfontein 293 near Groot Marico. Part of the Late Iron Age/historical Hurutshe sphere of influence i Farmsteads (historical) Unknown number of farmsteads in Option Sa and the two deviations. Some may hold historical significance (and cultural landscapes of small proportions). Monument and Yes Battlefield of Kleinfontein and monument in Corridor Ab battlefield near N4 between Zeerust and Groot Marico May occur in Corridor Ba and the two deviations, along Stone Age sites banks of the Matlabas, Toelani and Crocodile rivers and No streams; eroded areas and dongas; near outcrops such as shale, hornfels and dolerites Unknown number of farmsteads in Corridor Ba and two I Farmsteads No deviations may hold historical significance (and cultural landscapes of small proportions). I Possible sites along the Toelani River in Bushveld ! Late Iron Age/historical No Marico FU Deviation may be associated with the sites historical unfolding of Late Iron Age/historical Tlokwa. Graveyards may occur in the central and southern parts I Graveyards No of Corridor Ba and the two deviations Table 16 Corridor C- B2 and Corridor C- B3 . HERITAGE TYPES Identified Spatial presentation (YIN) Late Iron Age sites Yes At least five Late Iron Age sites occur on both sides of • the Matlabas River in both Corridors C B2 and C B3 . Farmsteads Unknown number of farmsteads east of Koster and further to the south in both Corridors C B2 and C B3. Monument and Yes Battlefield of Moedwil occured to the north of Moedwil . battlefield (N4), between Moedwil and Swartruggens Stone Age sites No May occur in stretches of both Corridors C 82 and C . B3, along banks of the Matlabas and Crocodile rivers; • eroded areas and dongas; near outcrops such as shale, hornfels and dolerites Farmsteads No Some of the farmsteads east of Koster and further to • the south in both Corridor C B2 and C B3 may hold historical significance (and cultural landscapes of small proportions) . Graveyards No Graveyards may occur in the central and southern parts of Corridors C B2 and C B3 DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 89 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen lndustr:aJ Se!'v;ces PBA Table 17 Corridors 0 and F, deviations 01 and 02 HERITAGE TYPES Identified Spatial presentation I (yIn) Late Iron Age sites Ves NO GO AREA. Mega stone walled complex on Selonskraal 3171n Corridor 0 Historical houses Ves NO GO AREA. Residences of Paul Kruger on Boekenhoutfontein 260 in Corridor 0 and F Farmsteads Unknown number of farmsteads near Derby and furher south in Corridors D and F. Monument and Ves Battlefield of Vlakfontein on Vlakfontein 373 near Derby battlefield in Corridors D and F Stone Age sites No May occur in Corridors D and F as well as in deviations along banks of the Matlabas and Crocodile rivers; eroded areas and dongas; near outcrops such as shale, hornfels and dole rites Deviation 1 and Corridor F run across the former sphere of influence of the Late Iron Age/historical Kwena Phalane (Ramakokskraal and wider area) which may hold sites with evidence regarding the historical unfolding of this clan. Farmsteads No Unknown number of farmsteads in Corridors D and F may hold historical significance (and cultural landscapes of small proportions). Graveyards No Graveyards may occur in the central and southern parts of Corridors D and F as well as in Deviations D1 and D2 The assessment of the impacts on heritage resources identified in the preferred corridors and before mitigation measures indicates that although there a 8 no-go sites in the central section of the study area, Corridors C-B2 and C-B3 are the most preferred as the corridors avoid all the 'no-go' sites and overall, the corridors will impact on a lower number of heritage resources than the other corridors. With mitigation measures the no-go sites can be avoided and several fall outside the actual corridor alignments. Several mitigation measures can be applied to heritage sites to reduce the impact of the project such as the routing the power lines to avoid sites; placing pylons on the outer perimeters of small or single sites and the removal of heritage resource from the servitude such as the removal of graves and stone tools by a professional expert. Routing power lines is not enough when the visual impact of the power lines may impact on the integrity of cultural landscapes such as mega stone walled sites and historical residences. The re-alignment required will have to be substantial so as to reduce visual impact to an acceptable level. With regard to the separation of power lines into 2 or 3 corridors or all lines kept in a single corridor, it was explained that the ability of a single corridor to avoid heritage sites would be difficult whereas the 3 corridor alternative with 2 power lines each would have a much higher manoeuvrability to avoid such sites and in addition, would have a lower physical (less pylons) and visual impact than the industrial corridor. The 2 corridor option (with 3 lines in each) would have medium flexibility and a higher physical and visual impact than the 3 corridor option. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 90 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PS/\ Irllornationai With regard to the study area, it was recommended that where there are areas of concentrations of heritage resources, the 3 corridor option be used and that the 2 corridor option be used in the northern and southern sections. It was recommended that the industrial/single corridor only be used in the northern section of the study area due to the low amount of heritage sites in this section. 2 13.6. SOCIAL AsSESSMENr The objectives of the SIA were to identify and assess potential social impacts. The following impacts were expected: • Health impacts: o (HIV/Aids and STDs) as a result of the influx of construction workers and job seekers; o Health impacts as a result of biophysical changes brought on by the presence of construction and maintenance workers; o The potential health and safety impacts as a result of land use changes. Land use changes include displacement of dwellings, loss of agricultural land and displacement of centre pivots and infrastructure (e.g. mining related) o The presence of construction workers could lead to changes in social cohesion and impact on health and safety • The construction activities and presence of the power lines could lead to socio-cultural changes, resulting in: • Nuisance impacts • Impact on sense of place (tourists) The impacts were divided into two categories, namely Category 1 impacts that were not expected to differ between the corridors, for example, the number of the employment opportunities created by the project will be largely be the same whatever corridors are finally recommended; Category 2 impacts that are expected vary significantly between the various corridors, for example, the number of people who will have to be relocated will obviously be higher in corridors passing through densely populated areas than in corridors that cross areas which are sparsely populated. Only Category 2 impacts were considered in assessing the corridors and these were limited to a) potential impacts on health and safety as a result of change in land use including the need to relocate people; and b) the potential impact on sense of place for tourists, owners of tourist destinations, game farm owners, etc., as a result of the presence of the power lines and the effect they will have on the natural environment. Sense of place impact includes nuisance impacts of noise and dust creation during the construction of the power lines that contribute to the impact on sense of place as experienced by tourists and local residents. The Category 2 impact potential impacts as a result of changes in community cohesion was not considered as was considered to also be too subjective and will depend on the culture of the construction workers which is not yet known hence potential differences in impact cannot be predicted with high confidence. Cultural differences could be expected if construction workers have a different cultural background and cultural differences between local residents are not respected. 22 See full Social Impact Assessment in Volume II, Appendix II-6 DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 91 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen industria! Services PBA intGrnat:onai With regard to the potential impact on sense of place for tourists, the following sensitivities were allocated to different land uses: TABLE 18: Sensitivities Allocated to Land Uses: Sense of Place LAND USE IGH BIOSPHERE NATIONAL PARKS NATURE RESERVES. GAME FARMS. S ROUTES, HERITAGE PARK TOWNS, VILLAGES, GRAZING AREAS, CULTIVATED AREAS MINING, INDUSTRIAL AREAS, ROADS, RAILWAY LIN POWER LINES The Biosphere and National Parks and nature reserves were given a medium sensitivity because of their role in conserving the biodiversity, landscapes, eco-systems, and species. The sam sensitivity was given to game farms because people visit these areas for a number of reasons, e.g. to hunt, and nature reserves and game farms in the area with power lines are still visited. Overall, Corridors CB2 or CB3 were preferred because of the following reasons: • The corridors contain existing power lines. Research on the psychological experience of sense of place suggests that people rapidly discount a landscape as soon as the first scar or impact occurs. Thereafter. any additional impacts on the landscape have a correspondingly smaller effect. Hence, the aesthetic impact of placing power lines in a landscape that already bears the marks of development would be less than that of placing it in a relatively unspoilt environment. • The corridors do not cross any nature reserves hence reducing their impact on areas that are visited regularly by tourists • Although the corridors cross a high number of game farms, it was preferable that the power lines follow existing infrastructure thereby keeping the far western and far eastern areas in tact where there are fewer or no power lines. Mitigation measures recommended include constructing in the summer months to avoid impacting on the hunting season in the northern areas of the study area, following existing linear infrastructure and farm boundaries where possible. The sensitivity or significance post mitigation did not change because the situation will differ from farm to farm. For some farms it will not be possible to place the lines along the boundary of the farm, for others it will be possible. With regard to the potential impact on sense of place for tourists and whether the proposed power lines should be separated into a number of corridors or be kept in a single corridor, it was felt that if the power lines were separated, the separate corridors should not be visible to each other and if they were visible if would be preferable that they were then placed in a single corridor to localise the impact. With regard to potential impacts on health and safety as a result of change in land use including the need to relocate people, the following sensitivities were allocated to different land uses: DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 92 DEAT Ret.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industria: Sc"rv:ces f'BA International TABLE 19: Sensitivities Attributed to Land Uses: Health & Safety Note that mining was listed as medium sensitivity. The reason for this is that informal settlements are often found around mining areas; hence mines were given a medium sensitivity. Should the power lines pass mining areas, it is highly likely that people around these lines will have to be displaced. Considering that it will be possible to implement the mitigation measures, such as placing towers on the boundaries of grazing areas and crop lands; towers avoid centre pivots, power lines to be well marked if they cannot avoid landing strips or any other areas where there are aviation activity, the sensitivities change as follows: TABLE 19a: Post Mitigation Sensitivities: Health & Safety LAND USE HOUSES/LODGES/SETTLEMENTS/ INDUSTRIAL, SCHOOLS, HEALTH CARE LANDING STRIPS GAME FARMSINATURE RESERVES, BIOSPHERE, NATIONAL PARKS MINING TIVATION IRRIGATION GRAZING The assessment focused on the potential number of households that could be displaced as a result of the construction of the power lines as well as the occurrence of centre pivots and landing strips that would be affected by the project. For this impact, Corridors C_B2 and C_B3 were preferred followed by D and then Ba. The reasons for this are: • The distance covered between Delta and Epsilon for Corridors C_B2 and C_B3 is shorter and the shorter the distance, the lower the number of people and farm portions to be affected. • Following existing lines will reduce the added impact of new access routes to power lines, hence maintenance activities can be better consolidated and less people will be impacted during operation • Few landing strips as these probably have been built away from the existing power lines because of the danger and unsuitability of building a landing strip near power lines • The area to the west of the Pilanesberg is considered a problem due to the high number of people scattered throughout this area. It was predicted that people could move into the servitude and that a high number of people would have to be resettled. It was suggested that the power lines are not placed in a single corridor through this area as the corridor will not have the flexibility to avoid households hence a large number of people may have to be relocated. DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 93 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~iJ1argen Industria! ServlcPs PBA International The use of a single corridor (with 6 lines); two corridors of 3 lines each and three corridors of two lines each was also assessed in relation to the occurrence of households, centre pivots and landing strips along the selected corridors. For a single corridor, BA was preferred because of the low number of people that will have to be displaced and less problem areas because existing lines do not have to be crossed or followed for most of the route. However, overall, C_B2 or C_B3 are the preferred corridors. Due to the fact that they are essentially one corridor for much of the route to Epsilon, either one of the two should be used. The next preferred corridor would be Corridor 0 if the power lines are split. 3 13.7. VISUAL ASSESSMENr In order to assess the potential impact of the proposed project on the visual environment, the visual resources were described and all the potential viewers of the proposed lines were identified. Landscape character, quality and "sense of place!! are used to evaluate the visual resource or the receiving environment. Visual receptors are views to the proposed project. Sensitive viewing locations include residential properties, roads, tourist destinations and nature conservation areas. Visual impacts are measured as the change to the existing visual environment caused by the project and the extent to which the change compromises or enhances or maintains the visual quality of the environment as perceived by people working, living or visiting the area. The visual/landscape character of the study area is described as largely natural with concentrations of man­ made features around towns and settlements.· the study area consists of three dominant natural landscape types: rocky hills and koppies, flat rolling plains, river valleys and their associated drainage lines. Three other types, mainly derived from man-made intervention, also occur. They are built up areas (towns, settlements), mining, power infrastructure and cultivated farmland. Sense of place is described as the unique value that. is allocated to a specific place or area through the cognitive experience of the viewer. Sense of place is considered within the landscape context hence the study area was divided into three areas: northern section; central section and southern section. The overriding sense of place of the northern section of the study area is that of natural veld with few human interventions. It is this quality of the landscape which landowners, but also visitors to the area, admire most. The eastern part of this section is characterised by the presence of existing power lines, which diminishes the sense of place within these areas. The central section of the study area displays a stronger sense of place than the northern part. This is due to the fact that, coupled with the vast, expansive plains the area also features noteworthy topographical changes typical in the form of either rocky outcrops or extensive ridges spanning a few kilometres giving a unique visual character to the area and increasing the sense of place. The presence of the substations, mines, railway and power lines and settlements, diminishes the sense of place of the central section of the study area. The southern section displays a unique sense of place derived from the expansive open plains of the Grassland. The northern sections of this part of the study area feature a more undulating topography, especially in the region of Groot Marico and Koster. However, as one moves south, the landscape opens up to afford extensive views increasing the distinctive sense of place of this area. 23 See Volume II, Appendix II-7 for Visual Impact Assessment. DEIR Dalta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Powar 94 DEAT Raf.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DaltaEpsilonV2.doc ivlarqon lndusU~al SerVices PBA intornational Scenic quality is an emotional response to the environment with its particular natural attributes. Studies in perceptual psychology have shown human preference for landscapes with higher visual complexity, for example, topographic ruggedness, the presence of water bodies, preference for natural environment as opposed to environments with man-made interventions. The central section of the study area features ridges and rocky outcrops with higher visual value than the flat to rolling topography of the northern and southern sections (apart from the eastern boundary of this section where the topography changes rapidly due to the presence of the Waterberg mountains). With regard to visual receptors, the vast, flat, undisturbed areas and the presence of distinctive natural landscape elements (hills and ridges) generally create a setting for panoramic views, albeit from high vantage points. This is truer in the southern grassland areas of the study area than in the more densely vegetated bushveld areas typical of the north. The impact of the power lines on views from residences depend on the distance from the residence to the power lines and the location of each residence relative to it. Each view was afforded a 3km radius, indicating the maximum distance from which the power lines could be visually perceived. Sensitive viewing locations are considered to be views to the project from residential properties, public rights of way, tourist destinations and natural conservation areas. Views from residences and lodges are sensitive, since views from these areas are considered to be frequent and of long duration. Views from these lodges and tourist attractions are considered highly sensitive since the predominant users visit these areas for the aesthetic quality of the landscape. The number of game farms in the study area represents a constituency of moderate sensitive viewer locations due to the fact that the primary concern at game farms could be hunting and not the aesthetic qualities of the landscape. Other than lodges where visitors would be based in one place for a longer period, game farms are inhabited infrequently and only as long as the hunting season lasts. Traditional settlements and other dwellings were afforded a moderate sensitivity rating. It is preferred that new transmission lines should be routed as straight as possible, minimizing bends and deviations to achieve an effect of simplicity as line deviations/bends were not aesthetically appealing due to their discordant nature. It was also recommended that in order to minimise potential visual impact, it was preferable that routes were selected in areas that are already developed. Corridors running alongside existing linear infrastructure especially existing power lines would be less visually intrusive in areas without any such infrastructure ('greenfields' areas). The assignment of different sensitivity values of the visual environment and viewers towards the potential impact of power lines resulted in the identification of certain areas of a high sensitivity. Visually sensitive landscapes that have an inherent scenic beauty, including mountains, hills, rivers and other water bodies were highlighted. Additionally, sensitive views including views from conservation areas and residential areas and settlements were identified. The occurrence of these areas was measured along each line. The total length of potential impact was then divided with the total length of the respective corridors, resulting in a percentage of potential impact upon a sensitive landscape or viewer per corridor. Of the preferred corridors (0, C_B3, C_B2, F and Sa) a number of deviations were identified. The deviations were also assessed, utilizing the same methodology as above and compared to the corresponding section of the original corridor. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 95 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margon lndustLa! SC)t'ViCeS PBA Internalion3; TABLE 20: Visual Resource and Receptor Impacts I Route Deviation Visual Resource Visual Receptors Combined D 28.99% 55.78% 42.39% 01 32.09% 43.63% F1 41.72% 55.62% 02 64.89% 67.08% F2 75.11% 71.99% I F 34.77% 60.86% 47.82% B3 30.27% 58.13% 44.20% % 56.43 38.16% 69.57% 50.46% C 1 deviation not an option and its combined percentage of potential impact along the length of the deviation is higher than that of Corridor C_B3. Ba 31.84% 38.71% 35.27% I I Ba1 27.68% 71.85% A_GM1 17.50% 66.56% Ba2 13.09% 23.61% A_GM2 36.82% 17.06% I Bal 28.81% 38.07% 33.44% A_GM I A_Groot Manco (A_GM) deviation an option, with a new corridor proposed following the A_GM deviation in the north, with the rest of the corridor following Ba C_B2 34.63% 56.83% 45.73% I I C_B2 46.91% 52.17% B1 34.63% 42.31% I C_B21 28.08% 51.27% 39.68% B1 I B1 deviation an optron, with a new cOrridor proposed following C_B2 and deviating along B1 From the above it can be ascertained that the corridor that presents the least amount of potential high impacts along its length is Corridor Ba (apart from the specialist's additional corridor C_B2/B1 which crosses an area that has not been impacted on by power line infrastructure). Corridor Ba runs through an area that is less densely populated with fewer highly sensitive visual receptors than other corridors. The corridor also crosses an area that is relatively flat with little topographical complexity apart from the Owarsberg and hilly escarpment area in the Groot Marico areas. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 96 DEAT Ref.: 12/12/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Indusu;al Services PBA International The physical change to the landscape at the project site must also be understood in visibility and aesthetic terms of the study area. The effect that the proposed transmission lines will have is measured by the intensity of visual impact which was determined using visual intrusion, visual exposure and viewer sensitivity criteria. Visual intrusion is measured as the intensity of intrusion that the project will have on available views, specifically those from within sensitive or critical viewing areas. TABLE 21: Measurement of visual intrusion High Moderate Low Positive II the proposed power lines: lithe proposed power lines: If the proposed power lines: II the proposed power lines: - Has a substantial negative - Has a moderate negative - Has a minimal effect on - Has a beneficial effect on effect on the visual quality of eliect on the visual quality of the visual quality of the the visual quality of the the landscape; the landscape; landscape; landscape; Contrasts dramatically with - Contrasts moderately with - Contrasts minimally with - Enhances pattems or the patterns or elements that the pattems or elements that the patterns or elements elements that define the define the structure of the define the structure of the that define the structure of structure of the landscape; landscape; landscape; the landscape; - Is compatible with land use, Contrasts dramatically with Is not compatible with land Is partially compatible with settlement or enclosure land use, settlement or use, settlement or enclosure land use, settlement or patterns. enclosure patterns patterns. enclosure patterns. Result (intensity) Result: (intensity) Result: (intensity) Result (intensity) Notable change in landscape Moderate change in landscape Imperceptible change. Positive change. i characteristics over an characteristics over localised extensive area and intensive area. change over a localised area. l The combination of landscape elements considered to have a high aesthetic value and sensitivity would be where visual intrusion would be the highest. Each corridor was assessed in terms of their total percentage of potential impact along its length. Visual exposure is rated using four increments of severity, each with their respective qualification and contribution to visual impact. TABLE 22: Measurement of Visual Exposure High Moderate Low Insignificant Exposure Exposure ' Exposure Exposure (significant (ml?derate (minimal influence on (negligible inflUence contribution to contribution to visual visual impact) on visual impact) visual Impact) Impact) Delta-Epsilon 0-1.5 km 1.5 -3 km 3 - 7.5km Over 7.5 km Transmission Lines The sensitive viewer locations are all located within 1.5km of the corridors therefore the lines will be in the immediate foreground of these sensitive views that results in a high visual exposure for all corridor options. The intensity of impact is rateq as a percentage of potential impact on the visual environment along the length of each corridor option and is summarised below. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 97 DEAT Re!.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Industrial Serv,ces PBA International TABLE 23: Intensity of Impact on visual environment Route Visibility and Intensity of Impact Visual Intrusion Option Exposure Taken to Assessment Tables D 28.99% 55.78% 42.39% i F 34.77% 60.82% 47.82% C_B3 30.27% 58.13% 44.20% Ba 31.84% 38.71% 35.27% ! Ba/ A_GM 28.81% 38.07 0/ 0 33.44% C_B2 34.63% 56.83% 45.73% C_B2/ B1 28.08% 51.27% 39.68% Corridor Ba presents the least amount of potential high impacts along the length of the line. This is due to the low amount of sensitive visual receptors along the corridor. It should however be stressed that these could possibly not represent the most preferred alignments, as this corridor traverses 'greenfields' sections of the study area, that is areas that are presently without linear infrastructure. It would be preferable to consider Corridors D or C_B2/ C_B3, since they are located in the vicinity of existing infrastructure and indicate fewer incidences of conflict areas as compared to the other options. In these cases, stringent management regarding mitigation of conflict areas would be necessary. Of the short-listed corridors, D has the lowest visual intrusion within the context of the study area due to the fact that the corridor already contains two existing power lines hence additional power lines will be partially compatible with current land use. Further south the corridor also passes through areas to the east and south of the Pilanesberg that are already disturbed by mining and existing power line infrastructure that have decreased the aesthetic value of the area. When considering the choice between a single or mUltiple corridors, the potential impact of single corridor is very high, but spatially concentrated and thus in the broader scale less visually intrusive. However, the potential impact of 6 lines traversing the landscape would be unacceptably high at highly sensitive landscape areas and viewing locations. The industrial characteristics of this option are contrasting and inappropriate for the majority of the study area. The impact of three corridors of two power lines each is spatially extensive, affecting a larger area thus potentially more visually intrusive but more acceptable in the context of the study area as the impact is spread out. A greater number of highly sensitive areas would be impacted upon along each corridor, increasing the potential visual impact in the context of the study area. The impact of two corridors of three lines is high to very high, but spatially more concentrated, spatially affecting less visual environment and thus less visually intrusive in the broader scale. This option verges on the industrial character of the first option, but its potential spatial impact as compared to option 2 is reduced by a third, with fewer highly sensitive areas impacted upon hence is the most preferable option. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 98 DEAT Ref.: 12/12/20/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tv1arnen Industnal PBA lntornationai 13.8. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS Cumulative effects are commonly understood as the impacts which combine from different projects and which may result in significant change over time. 24 Given the size of this project, and the presence of a number of transmission lines in the study area, it is expected there will be some level of cumulative impact on the environment. Cumulative impact is central to identifying the best combination of the power lines in the environment. The following are specifically considered: • Combining all the lines into a single "industrial" or "utility" corridor. • Separating the lines into two or three corridors of three or two lines each. • Following other linear infrastructure, and other transmission lines in particular. • Creating new corridors. The above are then considered with regard to the following potential impacts: • Impact on the development initiatives on the wider area. • Impact on individual landowners. 13.8.1.1. Short listed Corridors and Existing Power lines The short list of corridors identified as offering the lowest impact in this study so far include: Corridor Length Length of existing Tx No. existing I (km) lines in corridor (km) lines in parallel Ba-Marico 395 .96 Up to 5 C-B2/3 365 289 1 and then 2 lines for approx 75km D 356 234 2 F 357 25 1 (rail line) Past EIA studies have consistently shown that placing a new power line next to an existing line results in an overall reduction of the impact of the new line; the same service roads are used, adjacent land practices have adapted to the lines, and the landscape is already altered by the first line. It is estimated that an existing line may reduce the impact of a new line by 20% or more. Clearly Corridors C-B2/3 and D offer the greatest opportunity for following existing power lines. 13.8.1.2. Site Impacts - Impacts on farms It is a simple equation that the more power lines on a farm the greater the impact and the bigger the power lines, the greater the impact. Typically the impacts are both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts centre around: • Restricted land use and farming activities, • Reduced property values, • Visual impact, • Invasion of privacy and security (uncontrolled access, contractors on site without notice, damage to property, etc.). 24 DEAT (2004) Cumulative Effects Assessment. Integrated Environmental Management. Information Series 7, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). Pretoria. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 99 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc !'vtlJ{JE?n !ndustnai Services PBA International Indirect impacts are more difficult to measure. Many relate to individual, personal, views of the benefiVdisbenefit of power lines on their .property. Experience on other power line EIAs provides a number of observations on the acceptability of new power lines: • Most private landowners are resistant to any power line. Compensation offered by Eskom is generally not seen to balance their perception that power lines are a net negative impact on the land. In fact many initially insist that Eskom buys their farm rather than register a servitude (right of way). • By contrast, inhabitants of communal or tribal land have often been observed to see the power lines as a sign of progress and are generally more accepting of power lines. • Many landowners see the acceptance of a power line to be their contribution to national growth, and therefore their sacrifice toward the national good. • Many landowners see the argument that placing a new line next to an existing line is a lower impact than placing the new line on a new route. As a result, many will accept a second line. However it is observed there is a tendency for greater resistance for the third or more lines. • Many landowners feel that other landowners should also share the burden of accepting national infrastructure on their farms. Again the tipping point is observed to be generally after the second line. • Preservation of personal property is generally the stronger reaction to new power lines. Preserving the environment of the community or region as a whole is generally a secondary to protection of personal property. It is repeated that the above are observations, and not based on a formal opinion survey. It is also not applicable in all cases. Indeed, there have been private landowners who have striven for a better community solution while at risk of greater impact on their own property. Nevertheless, the response of the communities in the Delta-Epsilon study area tends towards the concept of an "industrial" (or "utility") corridor (Section 9.1 corridor separation). There are other observations more specific to land use: Land use defined by production from the land • This includes crop farming, grazing, intensive agriculture such as centre-pivots, tunnels and feedlots, and mining. • These properties are dependent on the quality of the resource on site - soils, grass lands/pastures, water availability, mineral resource. • Power lines will generally have a direct site impact. Many land uses can continue (eg crop farming, grazing), though there may be limitations (restricted irrigation under the lines, prevention of use of GPS ploughing near power lines). • Economic impacts are generally more measurable, with better results in achieving more mutually agreeable compensation. • Impacts on neighbouring properties are generally more limited, though some activities may be restricted (e.g. GPS ploughing, crop spraying). • Impact on the district or region is low to negligible. Land use defined by landscape and visual Quality • More specific to the tourism industry, but could also include filming. • These properties are dependent on the facilities and services on site, the ambience on site and, in the case of tourism relating to the natural or wilderness environment, the quality of that environment within the property. However, the property is also dependent on the scenic quality and similar tourism attractions in the wider area (district, region). • Power lines therefore impact on the district and region as well as having site specific impacts. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 100 DEAT Ret.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc MarC]en Induslr:al Services PBA Inl.ernJt,onai • Economic impacts are more difficult to measure. The tourist market is a broad sector, and while some visitors may not return, other may come in their place. Nevertheless, in the Delta-Epsilon study area a common theme of the tourism business is selling the "wilderness" of the area. Power lines are not compatible with this theme. • Impacts on neighbouring properties may be almost as severe as the power lines may be even more visible if they are located along the property boundary. • Depending on the number of lines, the impact on a district or region may be significant. Hunting is a generally categorised as being part of the agricultural sector, and there are cases in the study area (near Delta) where properties with 4 x 400kV power lines still attract foreign hunters. Emphasis is on the animals available and the size of the trophy. However, hunting is increasingly marketed as part of other tourism initiatives (bird safaris, game watching, lodges, etc.), and many hunting operators in the area target clients seeking the "wilderness" experience as part of their hunting trip. In this assessment of cumulative impacts it is therefore seen that hunting is closer to the land uses defined by landscape and visual quality. 13.8.1.3. Area impacts - impacts on districts and regions Communities, municipalities, districts, and even regions that set out development plans centred on the tourism sector are generally more sensitive to the placement of power lines. The areas focussing on tourism are summarised in Figure 8 below. Figure 8: Broad category tourism areas !II Mix~d landuse, incl. tourism • Organised tourism develooment • Private/individual DEIR 101 DEAT Ref.: 1 0 294·03 DEIR D ~;~:~~:~.~~~======::t:=======================- Margen Industrial Services PBA International Districts and municipalities planning for the development of tourism sectors will generally seek to confine urban and industrial development to their own areas rather than scattering them over a wider area. This will apply to the development of six new extra high voltage transmission lines. There are clearly areas where tourism development plans are more coordinated, providing a structure for future growth! of the sector. These include the Waterberg Conservancy/Biosphere/Marakele area, and the Heritage Park linked with Pilanesburg and Madikwe nature reserves. Around these areas are private farms that have begun to turn to hunting and tourism in the last 15 years. Development is privately driven and generally seen to be ad hoc without any integrated development plan as exists for the other areas identified above. Both these areas generally have low population density and low infrastructure development (though there are pockets of each in places). North and west of Thabazimbi the landscape has a definite wilderness feel, with many observers describing the environment as "pristine bushveld" (emphasis given to the undeveloped nature of the area rather than the ecology).South of Thabazimbi the tourism development centres more on the mountain ranges and ridges of the Pilanesburg, Dwarsberg and Magaliesberg. Through these areas the cumulative impact of the six new power lines would be minimised by: • Conffning them to a minimum number of corridors, and • Following existing power lines where possible. Outside of the tourism areas, the need to confine the power lines to the smallest footprint is much reduced, and greater preference may be given to individual landowner impacts. In this case there would be a tendency to separate the power lines over a wider area. Separating the power lines is still seen to maintain a relatively low level of cumulative impact on the district and regional areas. 13.8.1.4. Cumulative impact assessment of the corridors TABLE 24 : Impacton Indi v id uaIfarms No. lines Northern area Central Area Southern Area Single "industrial" Severe, high I ! Up to 11 significance Moderate-High Moderate-High corridor solution i (negative) Two corridors Medium to Med­ with three lines Upto 5 Med-high to High Medium to low. high each i Three corridors Medium to Med­ with two lines Upto 4 Medium-low Medium-low low each TABLE 25: Impact on t he distr ct No. lines Northern area Central Area Southern Area I Single "industrial" Up to 11km Medium Medium-low Low I corridor solution i Two corridors with Medium to med­ i Upto 5 Medium-low Medium-low three lines each high Three corridors with two lines Up to 4 Medium-high Medium Low each I DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV TransmiSSion Power Line Project 102 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Indl,stria! Sorvices f'BA In'ornationa 13.8.1.4.1 Single "Industrial" Corridor: Best corridor = Corridor B The assessment of environmental risk to power lines shows that a single corridor of all six lines between Delta and Epsilon would compromise the 1:500 year design standard set by Eskom. However, sections of the corridor may contain all six lines and still remain within the design risk standard, particularly in the northern and extreme western areas. The most appropriate section for a single "industrial" corridor would be the first 140km of Corridor Ba from Delta Substation. There, will already be 5 x 400kV lines in this part of the corridor, creating a scenario presented in Figure 4. This option essentially supports the principle of combining the footprint of the largest number of lines. South of the first 140km the lines will need to split into two corridors which should run separately all the way to Epsilon. These may either follow the equivalent sections of Corridors C-B2 and C-B3, or Corridor C-B2 and Corridor Ba....Another suggestion is that the 6 lines run down Ba and once past the Crocodile River 3 carryon down CB2 or CB3 and the 2nd corridor can veer south east running parallel to but some distance from the river before joining D. Use of the other corridors, C-B3 and D, would create "industrial" corridors as shown in Figures X.b and X.c, essentially creating two large corridors (with the existing 5 lines in Corridor Ba) in an area that is developing a tourism focus. This is seen to be counter to the principle of creating a single "industrial" corridor. Impact on individual farms: , The cumulative impact on properties of a single corridor of six lines placed to the existing corridor of 5 x 400kV lines is seen to be severe, highly significant (negative), and Intense, This combination of lines will substantially alter the land use of the farms. The only fair method of compensation of landowners would be to buy the farms affected. The impact on neighbouring farms is seen to be of moderate-high significance (negative) with medium-high intensity, In the central and southern areas, after the lines have split into two corridors, the impact on individual farms is seen to be medium to medium-high. Disruption on land activities (ploughing, centre-pivots) as well as higher potential for relocation of houses exist. Economic losses are more measurable and therefore compensation is more likely to be fair. As a result the overall impact may drop to medium-low on a farm by farm basis. Regional impacts: Impacts on the district and wider region would be seen to be medium (negative) in the north, compounded by the existence of the 5 x 400kV lines here. This 760m corridor would be a significant landmark, but the adaptation of the wider area to this corridor would be mainly confined to the edge effects on either side of the corridor. Further south, where the lines split up, the impact on the district and region is considered to be medium-low. It will affect tourism development in the central part of the study area, but as described above this is of lower intensity than the northern areas. Further south, the district impact is seen to be low, with greater cumulative impact experienced at individual farm level. DEIA Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 103 DEAT Aef.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIA DeltaEpsilonV2.doc !'./1argen jndustriaJ Services PBA intcrnatlO'la! 13.8.1.4.2 TwO Corridors of three lines each: Best corridors =Corridors C-B3 and 0 Should two separate corridors (Figure 5) be the preferred solution for technical reasons, then following Corridor 8a will compromise those technical requirements because three of the existing 400kV lines will start at Medupi, risking severe network instability if a single event were to strike the corridor (there will be three new lines from the same source, Le. a total of six lines from the same source). Therefore routes in Corridors C and D would then appear to be the best combination, these being potentially the least impacted by the new lines. Corridors C-83 and D are seen to be the optimum corridors. They already have power lines (one 400kV and two 400kV lines respectively) and therefore follow the principle of using existing linear infrastructure corridors, but these are from different sources (Matimba) and network stability is not at the same level of risk. Impact on farms: Impact on individual farms in the north will be of medium-high to high significance (negative), and intense. The higher impacts will be in the northern sections of Corridor D where, in combination with the existing two lines, there will be a total of five lines, and in the middle sections of Corridor C-83 where again, two existing lines will combine with the three new lines for a final corridor of five lines. Impacts on farms in the central and southern areas will be the same as those described for the "industrial" corridor option where the lines split, Le. medium to medium-high with a greater chance of mitigation to medium low with fair compensation. Impact on the region: Impact on districts and the wider region is seen to be medium to medium high in the northern areas. Here there will be three "industrial" corridors of five-four-five lines each from west to east. They are expected to be more of a presence in the region thana single corridor, with frequent reminders of the development as one travels through the environment. In the southern areas the impact is as described for the previous solution; medium­ low. 13.8.1.4.3 Three Corridors of two lines each: Best corridors =Corridors C-B3, 0, and A It may be argued that the three best corridors should include Corridor F. However, if three separate corridors are required because of technical concerns about common cause faulting, then Corridor F will be too close to Corridor D from the Pilanesburg southwards. Here the distances are likely to be less than the required 10km for 100km or more, and this would exceed the design risk criterion of the 1:500year event. Therefore, attention is turned to the western corridors. Unfortunately these corridors have few existing power lines and will result in the creation of an entirely new corridor for much of the distance between Delta and Epsilon. Impact on farms: The overall cumulative impact on individual properties will be less than the other two solutions, especially if double circuit, hexagonal configuration towers can be used. This would mean one tower per corridor. In this case the cumulative impact on Corridors D and C-83 are seen to be medium-lOW, but medium if two separate single circuit towers were used. In the new corridor the DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line 04 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Serv;ces f'BA International cumulative impact would be low as there are very few linear developments in this area. However the potential for additional power lines in the future is suddenly increased. Impact on the region: Impact at district and regional levels will be more significant than the other two solutions. In the north there will be four transmission corridors through the area; two-five-three-four (from west to east). It is expected that the "wilderness" feel of that region will be all but lost. An impact significance level of medium·high is estimated as a minimum. An exception would be if double circuit towers could be used, in which case the significance map to medlum·low to medium. In the southern areas the district level impact is seen to be low for this option. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 105 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industna: Services PBA Intcrnaiiona! 14. INTEGRATED OVERVIEW AND ROUTE SELECTION The table below is a summary of the specialist's preference with regard to the short-listed corridors. The corridors are numbered in the specialist preference, hence their first choice being 1, second choice 2, etc. Corridors C_B2 and C_B3 are regarded as one corridor as they follow the same alignment through most of the distance between the two substations: Table 26 Corridor g ~i Q.NttI g g iO iO g .... .... a ~ iii' al» ,0 ttl ~ ,0 ttl .... (,)~ ° 0 .... ~ < ~ i":L < ~ .... iii:::!. :I, g: 0 .... 0'1: g- I: Ng: 0 .... ... 0 ... 0 -Q. . g 0. - ::tg. Q. g . . .... 0 Specialist :::I ~ :::I I» ttl il c ..... study II) (;' 0 0 c N c "" Avifauna 1 1 3 2 Biodiversity 1 1 2 3 Economic 3 1 1 1 2 Fuel/Fire 1 3 2 2 Risk Heritage 1 1 2 3 Social 3 2 2 1 : Visual 3 2 2 1 From the above table. the 'central' corridors (C_B2 and C_B3) and Corridor D come out as the corridors preferred by the specialists. The reasons for the preference for the central corridors is summarised as follows: • Following existing lines will reduce the added impact of new access routes to power lines. hence maintenance activities can be better consolidated and less people will be impacted during operation of the power lines. • Using existing access roads will also lower the impact on the vegetation as new access roads add to the fragmentation and disturbance of additional areas whereas with existing power lines there are existing access roads thereby limiting the overall impact. • The corridors will impact on a lower number of heritage resources than the other corridors. Identified 'no-go' areas to the immediate north of the Pilanesberg are avoided by the alignment of the corridors. • The corridors do not cross any nature reserves hence reducing their impact on areas that are visited regularly by tourists. • The corridors cross the least percentage of natural grassland in the study area where Red Data species are likely to be found. • Corridor C_B3 (for instance) crosses the least amount of rivers and has the lowest percentage of water bodies along them hence there will be less risk of impacts with birds that favour this habitat type. Additionally rivers contribute significantly towards the local and regional biodiversity of an area hence the risk of impacting on these areas is less than in some of the other corridors • In the corridors. the extent of high biodiversity sensitivity areas that will be affected is the lowest. whilst the extent of low sensitivity classes is the highest DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 106 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294·03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA Internationa! The higher impacts associated with central corridors related to economic impacts. The corridor crosses a higher number of game farms as well as crossing a high percentage of cultivated land and is the least preferred corridor from an economic impact perspective. With regard to the preference for Corridor D. there are some similarities with the central corridors such as: • Following existing lines will reduce the added impact of new access routes to power lines. hence maintenance activities can be better consolidated and less people will be impacted during operation of the power lines. • Using existing access roads will also lower the impact on the vegetation as new access roads add to the fragmentation and disturbance of additional areas whereas with existing power lines there are existing access roads thereby limiting the overall impact. • Although there are a number of 'no go' heritage sites in the corridor, they can all be avoided by the careful placemenValignment of the power lines. • Although Corridor Sa (and deviations) will have the lowest visual impact, the lack of large linear infrastructure along the corridor makes introducing power lines into a greenfields area highly problematic hence Corridor was the next best corridor from a visual perspective having a less intense impact on visual receptors and visual quality. • From an economic impact perspective, Corridor 0 was identified as having the lowest impacts on crop farming and on the tourism industry. This is attributed to fact that the area south from Thabazimbi to Northam and east and south of the Pilanesberg, main land use activities are mining interspersed with some game and crop farming and formal and informal residential areas and a large amount of power line infrastructure thereby limiting other activities. • The above disturbed areas also imply that the area will have lower biodiversity sensitivity. The higher impacts associated with 0 (and F) are related to high fire risk with the eastern corridors not preferred due to the steep topography close to the corridors with the corridors crossing a number of steep slopes (east and west of Thabazimbi) where the combination of fuel load and slope can increase the risk of fires substantially. The proximity of the corridors to the existing railway line was also seen as a risk as the specialist identified the railway line as possible cause of fires in the area. 14.1. CONSIDERATION OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT: PRE- AND POST-MITIGATION The tables below rank the impacts of each corridor according to the findings of the specialists. This helps to give a simplified overview of the significance of expected impacts. The potential impacts of the proposed power line project were assessed on the basis of generic construction and operation activities likely to take place within the study area (see Volume V for a copy of the Environmental Management Plan that details these activities). Potential impacts of the proposed power lines were identified by each specialist according to their field of expertise and assessed according to criteria and methodology as described in section 5.3.2: Impact tables using the assessment methodology were compiled by the specialists and can be found in the individual specialist reports. An integrated summary of the combined impacts from the specialist studies presented in Map IV-7 (Volume IV) is presented in Table 27 (pre-mitigation) and Table 28 (post-mitigation) below. It should be noted that the deviations proposed on the short list of corridors, namely on Corridor 0 and Sa do not make any difference to the overall rating and preference of the corridors and therefore have not been included in the tables below. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 107 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Mar~Jell Indus:riai Services f.JBA Internationa, Distances in each corridor in each level of sensitivity are measured and then multiplied by the sensitivity to get an overall environmental score for each broad issue. These are then added together for each corridor to give an overall environmental score for the project. The overall corridor scores (at the bottom of the tables below) will lie in one of the following categories (determined by assuming the entire area in each category): DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line 08 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc PUA In(omallonai Issue/map Sensitivity Ba CB2 CB3 D F DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 109 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marflen Industrial Services PBA Internalionai Total environmental 8955 8427 8584 8317 8462 score (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) A similar process was followed with the post-mitigation sensitivity analysis, and the end results summarised in Table 28. Table 28: Environmental score for post-mitigation impacts A­ Sensitivity Ba CB2 CB3 o F Marico environmental 7598 7293 7435 7286 7303 7541 score (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) It is possible to gain an estimate of the overall significance rating for each of the corridors by comparing the scores with the equivalent score if the entire corridor were the same score for each issue. For example, a medium score for a corridor would be 3 (medium) x 395 (length of corridor) x 12 (no. of issues) = 14220. This provides the scoring range for a 395km corridor as follows below. As all corridors are of a similar length, the following has been adopted as a guide to environmental significance for all the corridors: DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 110 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PHA Intornation
  • 18961 Tables 27 and 28 shows the adjusted environmental scores for each corridor are seen to drop by approximately 13-15%, although the overall significance rating remains at Medium-Low on all corridors. The above tables reflect what has been said before that the differences of sensitivity between the corridors is not marked and that the corridors fall within the medium to low impact indicating an environment that will be able to absorb the impacts of the proposed power lines with a certain degree of ease as long as the recommended mitigation measures are implemented. The scores in Tables 27 and 28 do not take into account the effect of existing power lines in the corridor. There is no exact measure for the effect of combining new power lines next to existing power lines, but as a means of testing the sensitivity of the environmental score to this issue, the following multipliers have been applied: Table 29: Multipliers adopted for presence of existing power lines in the corridor. .. ~~:environm~l"IfaJ' " , :':t' : ' . / .: Multif2li~r Explanation .: li:~tagQry . . : ': .. ' . Provided tower placements are properly planned and there is no destruction of archaeological sites, graves, or any places of historic significance without mitigation licensed by SAHRA, the effect of placing new power lines next to Heritage 0.8 existing lines will benefit from use of existing service roads (ie avoiding construction of new roads), and that the local environment will have adapted to the presence of the existing lines. The presence of existing lines will already have determined the servitude maintenance requirements, and therefore bush cutting, grass clearing, and general power line maintenance activities will have already affected the habitat. There should also be minimal additional requirement for new service roads, construction camp areas, etc. The added impact of a new power line Biodiversity 0.8 will therefore be less than on a new "Greenfield" site, in some cases substantially less, especially in bushveld areas where the edge effects will be doubled if the new line were placed some distance away from an existing line. The multiplier used here suggests a 20% reduction in the overall impact of a new line. This is considered to be conservative (low), and the benefits could be higher than this in this study area, particularly in the northern areas. There is a clear beneiit to following existing infrastructure identified in the specialist study. Habitat disturbance is less and collision risk is reduced as the Avifauna 0.8 combined lines are more viSible. It is expected this factor will be compounded with every new line. The social impact study states that once a natural landscape is scarred by Tourism (sense of infrastructure and development. the effect of additional development is much 0.8 place) reduced. It is expected that the multiplier adopted here will also be conservative, and that the reduction in impact on tourism will be much greater. 11 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marqen l'ldusUnl Services flEA !ntexnntionai Br.q.adenvirpl'lmental . . rvtl;tltipli.Qr . '.' .> category e.xpl~~ion ;.. ... The impact of a new line on the social environment is more complex and will vary according to location. In many locations, especially in low population density areas, the net effect of a new line next to an existing line may be negligible or even positive. However, in this study and given the number of lines involved, there is a chance of a net negative impact potentially Social 1.2 compounded by the presence of an existing line. In many cases a power line becomes and boundary line up to which informal settlements and residential areas may develop. A new line may therefore require relocation if it is to run immediately parallel to the existing tine. Therefore the multiplier is set above 1 as a cautious approach. It is easier to maintain two or more servitudes next to each other. Servitude Fuel load 0.8 maintenance practices may also improve with benefit to the older lines as well. I The economic element of this is in line with the overall tourism assessment Tourism - economic 0.8 given above. Multiple lines will further limit crop production, and this is provisionally seen as Crops - economic 1.2 having a compounding effect on the impact of a new line next to an existing line. There is seen to be minimal difference between plaCing a line next to existing Livestock - economic 1 line(s) or in a new location. In most cases livestock farming is seen to be minimally affected. Power lines are generally seen to reduce farm values. Reports of reductions in property values of between 10 and 20% have been mentioned. But the effect Land values 0.8 of this will decrease if there are already lines on the property (see statement on scarring under tourism). Visual character 0.8 As above. Visual Sense-ot-Place 0.8 As above. Adopting these multipliers gives the results in Table 30 tor each corridor: environmental Adjusted tor 8605 7641 7434 8347 8734 score existing lines (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) Post­ 7598 7293 7435 7286 7303 7541 Total mitigation (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) environmental Adjusted tor 7294 6357 6580 6480 7201 7541 score existing lines (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) (M-L) From Tables 29 and 30, the ranking of corridors can be summarised as given below. Here Corridors C-B2 and C-B3 are assumed to be the same corridor as it is unlikely that both will be used in the same project solution. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line 12 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294·03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margell Industrial Services PBA International Table 31: Ranked corridors from least impact (1) to most Impact (4) " < ' <, )' , »A~~aric~ Ba i 0".". F Specialist preferences 5 3 1 2 3 Pre-mitigation (excL existing lines) 4 5 2 1 3 Post-mitigation (excL existing lines) 4 5 2 1 3 Pre-mitigation (incL existing lines) 5 4 2 1 3 Post-mitigation (inc!. existing lines) 5 4 2 1 3 Average 5 4 2 1 3 Corridor C-B2I3 and Corridor D clearly stand out as the corridors offering least impact as the scores are much lower than the rest of the croup. In certain cases options within Corridor C show very similar, and even better, scores than Corridor D. These two corridors are therefore the most likely corridors to be used as they comply with the technical requirements of the two corridor three line option criteria as determined by Eskom Transmission. The use of the three corridor two line option is doubtful as the use of double circuit power lines recommended for this option have technical constraints as well as creating a new corridor where there is a short distance of existing power lines (Corridor Ba). The single corridor also appears unlikely due to the applicant's concerns with the risks to supply and stability that such an option could pose. Corridor F presents a result with complex issues. In the northern area (north of Thabazimbi) the corridor passes through the Waterberg Conservancy area where there are clear plans for tourist base business development. Sensitivity to new power lines in this area will be high. South of Thabazimbi the route passes through mixed land use, including mines, towns and other development. Sensitivity to power lines will be much lower in this area, and very similar to Corridor D. However, there is very limited corridor separation in the southern areas, especially if Corridor D is chosen as expected. This will place the power lines at an unacceptable risk of multiple line failure in the event of a tornado (this is a tornado risk zone). Corridor Ba because of it having less population and infrastructure, has a wildness about it as well as being less disturbed for much of its route until it reaches the Highveld where intensive crop farming occurs hence the least preference of this corridor overall. Additionally the length of the corridor makes it an option that is not preferred as it covers a much longer area that could be impacted by the construction and operation of the power lines. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 113 DEAT Ref,: 12/12/201887 294-03 DEIR DeJtaEpsilonV2.doc Marpen indu5t:ial SerVices PBA international 15. IMPACT ASSESSEMENT OF RECOMMENDED CORRIDORS The above sections have analysed the environmental sensitivity of the study area and corridors and what the expected impacts of the proposed project will have on the environment in order to establish the most suitable corridors for the project. The impact tables in Appendices I-SA and I-SB assess the significance of the impact of power lines along Corridors C_B3 and B and recommend what mitigation measures must be implemented to reduce the expected impacts. The assessment of significance is explained in detail in section 5.3.4 of this report and briefly explained here again. Identified impacts were assessed for each of the short-listed corridors according to extent, duration; magnitude and probability of the impact in order to establish its significance of such an impact. To allow for the impacts to be described in quantitative terms, a rating scale of between 1 and 5 was used for each of the above criteria. Therefore, the significance of the impact is based on a synthesis of the information contained in the rankings attributed to each criteria (per impact) by adding the sum of the numbers assigned to extent (E), duration (D) and magnitude (M) and multiplying this sum by the probability (P) of the impact hence S=(E+D+M)P. The significance of the impact was classified according to 6 classes: Neglible=O; Low = 1-15; Low-Medium: 16-30; Medium: 31 - 45; Medium-High: 46 60 and High: > 60 Pre-mitigation impacts refers to the worst case scenario where the construction and maintenance of the power lines is undertaken without consideration to the environment and where no measures are implemented to reduce expected impacts. Post-mitigation is where the construction and operation of the proposed power lines have been implemented in line with the recommendations of the EAP and the specialists that reduce the impact of the power lines. The tables have been separated into two sections. The first section refers to the construction and dismantling phase of the power lines. It is assumed that the mitigation measures will be implemented, such as avoiding archaeological sites, placing bird flappers along sections of the power lines as recommended and the utilisation of existing access roads to avoid impacting on undisturbed vegetation. The construction process includes bush clearing, tower pegging, and excavation of foundations, pouring of foundations and erecting the towers. This process normally involves a large construction team and the impacts can be high if not carefully managed. With a project this size, it can be expected that two or three construction teams may be used when the power line are constructed. The impacts can be high but are for a short-term as the construction teams will not be in one area for long. The following should be noted for the construction phase; • The social impact that will occur during the construction phase of the project is the health and safety aspect with regard to the displacement of people and potential social disruption of communities by construction crews. Impact on sense of place will be assessed under the Operation phase of the project. • During construction bird collisions are not expected as there are no structures to speak of that the birds can collide with as well as the presence of people and associated construction noises will scare birds away temporarily. Bird impacts during construction primarily relate to habitat disturbance and destruction. • Fire risk is also not included as this impact relates to the operational phase of the project. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project 114 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Maq),cn Indust(:al Services P8A Internatlonai The tables below are simplified summaries of the full impact tables found in Appendices I-SA and I-SB. The numbers in brackets ( ) are post-mitigation impacts after mitigation measures have been implemented. From the table below it can be seen that the impacts. between the two corridors is minimal confirming the above assessments that the study area has a medium to low sensitivity to the proposed project. Only site specific areas of high significance differentiate between the corridors. This is mainly due to all the corridors including Corridors C~B3 and D running through the same east-west bands of vegetation, land use and environment. The table also indicates that the overall level of impacts is of medium significance (negative) that converts to a medium-low level of significance under a post-mitigation condition. Both corridors also run parallel to existing power lines for at least half of their alignments hence the impacts are unsurprisingly similar. The differences between the two corridors from a construction phase perspective relate to the social and visual issues. TABLE 32: Construction Phase CORRIDORS b> I() () ., 0 aJ3. wQ. ., 0 S: ., 0 SENSITIVE SITES & 0 Specialism COMMENTS Avifauna (habitat destruction) 3 (2) 3 (2) Corridor D: Northern Turfveld IBA in north Avifauna 3 (2) 3 (2) C_B3: Red Data breeding sites in (habitat disturbance) north; D: Northern Turfveld IBA Biodiversity: Destruction of Threatened 3 (3) 3 (3) C_B3: escarpment area west of Flora species Pilanesberg D: mountainous area west, southwest of Thabazimbi Biodiversity: destruction of threatened 3 (2) 3 (2) ! trees Biodiversity: destruction of threatened 2 (2) I 2 (2) ! faunal species I Biodiversity: Destruction of 3 (3) 3 (3) Both corridors: unfragmented, : Sensitive/Pristine regional habitat contiguous areas of woodland & grassland Biodiversity: Floristic Species change in 3 (2) 3 (2) servitude : Biodiversity: interaction between fauna & 2 (2) 2 (2) i construction crews ! Economic: Decrease in cultivated / crop 3 (3) 2 (2) Both corridors: centre pivot areas in land output southern half of corridors; centre pivots along Crocodile River Economic: Impact on livestock production 1 (1) 1 (1) and movement Economic: Job opportunities 2 2 positive impact; no mitigation measures I Economic: Impact on Hunting & Tourism 3 (3) 3 (2) Both corridors: game farms in north and centre of study area;C_B3 has a higher percentage of game farms hence the overall higher impact Heritage: destruction of heritage resources 2 (2) 2 (2) C_B3 has 'no-go' sites, all can be avoided (west of Pilanesberg) Dhas at least 2 'no-go' sites, will be avoided by corridor alignment DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 115 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc tv1argen !ndu~:a~"ial ,",CH','.~'"" PBA Intornationai Heritage: destruction/damage to graves 3 (2) 3 (2) I Social: Relocations 4 (3) 4 (3) C_B3: between Koster & Derby; section not following power lines; D: area immediately east of Spitskop substation + section not following power lines Social: Influx of construction workers, HIV 4 (3) 4 (4) potentially remaining high for both . (Aids) .. corridors; D has more dense populations than C_B3 hence higher overall impact expected Visual: Scenic Quality 4 (3) 3 (2) Dmore disturbed than C_B3 hence lower impact by power lines Visual: Visual Receptors 4 (3) 4 (3) Both corridors: tourism ventures; D: Pilanesberg, Eco Rhino Park Ranklngs: 1: Low; 2: Low-Medium; 3: Medium; 4: Medium-High; 5: High The influx of construction workers into areas can be potentially highly negative but also positive if the local community benefit from the buying power of construction workers. The possibility that construction workers will interact with the community is very high and the transmission of HIV (Aids) and other sexually transmitted diseases is a highly significant impact. The reason why Corridor D has an overall higher impact is that the corridor crosses more densely populated communities especially close to the eastern and southern boundaries of the Pilanesberg. Mitigation measures are possible (construction crew are educated in responsible attitudes towards the use of condoms; location of construction camps are agreed upon with local leaders and landowners, etc.) but the effectiveness of such campaigns are unknown hence mitigation measures may not reduce the potentially severe impact. The impact of the power lines on the scenic quality of Corridor D is assessed as lower is due to the corridor crossing greater extent of disturbed areas than Corridor C_B3. From Thabazimbi to Northam, Corridor D crosses areas where there are different land uses including mining activities and farming and the area around the Pilanesberg is highly disturbed by existing power lines, mining and informal settlements. Although this means that more people will see the new power lines, the already disturbed environment will lessen the impact than if the power lines were going through a pristine area with no disturbance. The impact table below refer to the operational phase, during which inspection and repair of the power lines takes place as well as the maintenance of the servitudes takes place. This could be a once yearly event if not longer. Eskom Transmission appears to be more flexible in their approach in allowing landowners to do the maintenance of the servitudes themselves. The advantages of this would be to lessen landowner concerns regarding security (access to their properties by strangers) and gates being left open, animals poached and litter left by maintenance teams With power lines this size, the inspection and repair of the power lines could take place by helicopter. Impacts during the operation phase are different to those experienced during the construction phase but can also be high such as animals being scared off by the helicopter noise. The mitigation measures for the visual impact of power lines during the operational phase of such infrastructure are extremely limited and the only mitigation measure is to select those corridors that have a lesser visual impact than the others. The size of the power lines make it impossible to conceal or screen these towers hence these impacts have not been included in the tables for the operational phase. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 116 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DellaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Induslnal ServiC8S PBA In1crnal,or1al Table 33: Operational Phase CORRIDORS 0 1 ~ 0 ... 0 I W'" w§ S: 0 ... ... 0 COMMENTS c I Specialism I Avifauna (habitat destruction) 3 (2) 3 (3) Corridor C_B3: undisturbed grassland area in south Corridor D: Northern Turfveld IBA Avifauna 3 (2) ..., \~J C B3: Red Data breeding sites in northern section (habitat disturbance) D: Northern Turfveld IBA Avifauna: Collisions 2 (2) 2 (2) Biodiversity: Soil erosion 2 (2) 2 (2) Ensure that new access roads & tower positions, river crossings are not eroding • Biodiversity: Destruction of Protected 2 (2) 2 (2) Trees Biodiversity: Floristic Species change in 3 (2) 3 (2) Prevent invasion of exotics & servitude aliens Economic: Impact on hunting & tourism 4 (3) 4 (3) Both corridors: game farms & activities tourism esp. In north and central areas • Economic: Reduced value of gameltourism 3 (3) As above eoooom.'"' "' 3 (3)· properties Economic: Reduced value of agricultural 3 (3) 3 (3) w;lI property such as disturbing systems Heritage: destruction/damage of heritage 2 (2) 2 (2) No go sites for both corridors resources Social: Change in sense of place / place 3 (2) 3 (2) Residences, game farms, tourism I attachment ventures Fire Risk: Disruption of power supply 3 (2) 4 (3) 0: higher fire risk as crosses mountainous area hence combination of slope and fuel load will increase fire risk; runs close to railway line that start fires Ranklngs: 1: Low; 2: Low-Medium; 3: Medium; 4: Medium-High; 5: High Corridor D is attributed a high fire risk rating as the corridor crosses close to and through mountainous terrain with steep slopes and relatively high fuel loads. This terrain is risky in terms of it inaccessibility to maintain servitudes and fight fires. A very high mitigation level is required to address this risk including clearing the woody vegetation and this will result in an improvement in the overall impact. It should be noted that the fire risk is a risk that can be managed in most conditions (reducing high grass loads, removing alien infestations, avoiding slopes where possible, and appropriate servitude maintenance programmes) hence the reduction of the overall impact to a medium impact. On average, the severity of impacts both during the construction and operation phases of the proposed power lines is medium with that severity being reduced to a medium to low impact. Mitigation measures are still necessary in order to reduce the expected impacts as low as is possible. DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 117 DEAT Ref.: 12.112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~.jlargen industrial Seni1ces PBA Internalionai 16. CONSIDERATION OF CORRIDOR CONFIGURATION At the start of the project and during the scoping phase there was an ongoing debate as to whether the power lines should be kept in a single 'industrial' corridor or be separated into 3 corridors of two power lines each. The reasons for separating the power lines was to avoid a situation where all the power lines are impacted on by a single event that could lead to common mode faulting, i.e. where two or more power lines fail as a result of the same event. Hence security and stability of supply were key reasons for this requirement. It was confirmed by Eskom Transmission that the minimum separation distance requirement between the 765kV power line corridors is 10km however this separation distance will depend on the environmental risks to power lines and if assessed as low; the required separation width may be reduced. Many landowners across the study area expressed concerns about separating the power lines that would spread the impact to a larger area than a single corridor. However. as the study has progressed some landowners have become more accepting of separate corridors as multiple corridors would spread the load or burden from one section of the study area to other areas therefore there would be a more 'equitable' distribution of the power lines. As discussed in Section 1.1.1, another option came possible at the end of the scoping phase that would allow two corridors of three power lines. Hence the EAP and the specialists considered all the configurations and the result of the specialist recommendations is indicated in the table below. The potential impact of the three proposed options would be the following: • Single Corridor: Potential impact very high, but spatially concentrated • Two Corridors Potential impact is high and spatially less concentrated but limited to two areas. • Three Corridors: Potential impact is high, but spatially extensive and affecting a larger area and potentially more disruptive. The corridor configurations recommended by the specialists was dependent on the preferred corridor and the section of the study area through which the corridor crossed. For example, the heritage specialist indicated that in the northern section of the study area where there are fewer heritage sites the single corridor or two corridor option could be used but where there are a high number of heritage sites (especially in the central section of the study area) the three corridor option be used in order to have the flexibility to avoid heritage sites especially sensitive sites. The choices are depicted below in Table 33: DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 118 DEAT Ref.: 12112/201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA InU,rnationai TABLE 34 Specialist study Single Corridor 2x Corridors (3 lines 3x Corridors (2 lines (6 lines} per corridor) per corridor} " Avifauna " Biodiversity Economic V (in northern " (for rest of study area) area) Fuel/Fire Risk " (western corridors) F r a , corridors) Heritage V (northern area) V(In north an V (In central area) Social V Visual corridors) (western " " " (if double circuit cross rope hexagonal towers are used) It can be seen from the above that there is a balance between the three configuration options with the single corridor marginally preferred especially in the northern areas (see individual specialist reports for the reasons for their preferences). The northern area of the study area has lower population numbers (apart from towns and settlements) and is also an area where environmental risks are generally low and manageable. Game and cattle farming and hunting are the main land uses (apart from crop farming along the Crocodile River) hence centre pivot irrigation systems do not pose a problem for the single corridor. The farms in the north are also usually larger than those in the central and to a lesser extent in the southern sections of the study area hence placing an industrial corridor across such farms would result in less available land than if placed across a small farm or subsistence farming. With the above in mind, the use of a single corridor in the northern section of the study area is a possible option. Mitigation measures required to support an industrial corridor would be a rigorous maintenance program as well as possible design considerations to take into account any environmental risks such as flooding where the power lines will cross the MaUabas and Crocodile Rivers. From the Limpopo/North West provincial boundary southwards there is an increase in scattered community settlements as well as more diverse land uses and changing topography with the ability of the single corridors to avoid such areas more difficult and the separation of the power lines becomes more attractive in order to manage impacts by placing the power lines along farm boundaries and manoeuvring the lines around settlements. In addition, the environmental risks increase with the incidence of tornados and fires increasing especially down the far eastern side of the study area. Power lines in these areas will need to be separated by as much as is possible to avoid a situation where all the corridors are affected by a tornado. Multiple corridors lessen the intensity of the number of power lines but can lead to an increase in impacts multiplied two to three times over. It is possible that the intensity of impact of the industrial corridor with regard to servitude clearance, land use impact and from a visual perspective could be so high that spreading the power lines is overall the better option. The separation distance between the corridors will DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6)( 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 119 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc ~V1argen industria! Services PBA intornatlonai also help minimise the impact especially if the separation distance is such that affected landowners cannot see the next set of power lines. The impact of a single, two or three corridors can be lessened to some extent by different power lines designs. For instance instead of having two single circuit power lines in a corridor it is possible replace the two with a one double circuit power line instead. These various variables have been included in the table below to simply the issue TABLE 35: Corridor options variations Single Corridor Positives Negatives Tower Mitigation Problems 6x lines = servitude Very high impact on High visibility; high 3x double circuit High risk re of 480m (6x 80m) one area only; land use impact on lines; security of supply minimum amount of crop farming & stability of access roads for network whatever maintenance; towers used 2 Corridors Visual impact Spread of impact 1st corridor = 3x 2x HVDCs lines in 3 lines per corridor; halved; two fold; standard AC lines; one corridor 3x 80m = 240m Burden of power Different towers 2nd corridor = 2x considered a risk servitude lines spread; designs & sizes HVDC + AC tine to supply in event More flexibility to used in corridors (reduce visual of interruption to avoid sensitive will lead to higher impact of different power supply; no areas visual impact; tower design & reduction in sizes) servitude size 3 Corridors Lower visual Spatially extensive; 1x double circuit Does not have the 2 lines per corridor impact if lines are wilt need to place cross rope tower capacity to carryall 2x 80m 160m separated so that corridor through per corridor; the estimated load affected 'greenfields' area from Waterberg landowners cannot thereby creating 1x HVDC per area hence more see other lines; another corridor for corridor; lines may be Flexibility to avoid future linear Benefits: servitude required in the most sensitive infrastructure requirement almost future; areas, halved; visual None of the towers less impact on crop impact lowered make provision for farming as width of (one instead of two the 400k V power servitude will have lines) line required for low impact on Mogwase I many land uses substation I The lowest visual and land use impact will be the 3x corridor option if each corridor is populated by a single double circuit cross rope tower with servitude width of 100m. However technically this option is not feasible as the double circuits cannot carry the planned 20GW hence making it possible that in future more power lines wilt be needed to carry the power generated from the Waterberg. The risks associated with a single corridor are high especially as the lines move southwards and the impact of one incident on the corridor could lead to very serious power supply disruptions to the country. Hence two corridor option is the middle ground of the two other options where its impact is half that of the single corridor and is less of an impact spatially than the 3 corridor option. It is therefore recommended that DEIR Della-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 120 DEAT Ref.: 12112120/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industnal Services PBA Ir)\ornat!Or1ai the 2 corridor option be utilised. A single corridor in the north is recommended but the burden of placing 6 power lines in one corridor even for a short distance has to be balanced against separating the power lines from the start and spreading the impact along two corridors (and two sets of landowners) from the start. 16.1. CORRIDOR RECOMMENDATION This section sets out the preferred solution in each of the three scenarios presented in this study: • A single corridor solution, • Two corridors of three lines each, and • Three corridors of two lines each. 16.1.1. Single corridor option From the investigations in this EIA there is sufficient reasoning that a single corridor solution for the entire distance between Delta and Epsilon substations will exceed the 1 in 500 year risk levels set by Eskom for a network of this importance. However, a shorter section of single corridor, ideally less than 200km in either the northern or western parts of the study area, would achieve compliance with this design risk standard under current climate conditions. Doubling the risk under a potential future climate change scenario is seen to be a conservative (high) approach, and would still show that up to 200km of the route may be single corridor and still be within Eskom's design risk standard. Within the study area, the most appropriate route for a single corridor is seen to be Corridor B2. The first 150km or so will follow the current 5 x 400kV power line corridor from Matimba and Medupi power stations, and will then continue south with the remaining 2 x 400kV Matimba lines after the Medupi lines have turned off eastwards to Spitskop. At Koedoespruit the lines will separate into two corridors of three lines each. • The eastern set will run north and east around the Pilanesburg and will run past Mogwase Substation south of the Pilanesburg. Here the 400kV line will terminate at Mogwase. Thereafter the remaining two lines will continue to Epsilon along Corridor D. • The western set will continue along Corridor B2 to Epsilon. South of the Pilanesburg the separation of the two corridors will narrow as the lines approach Epsilon. For a distance of 5Skm before Epsilon the lines will be less than 10km apart. They are less than Skm apart for 43km, but are less than Skm apart for only 6.Skm before Espilon. Environmentally, this solution: • Supports the principle of confining impacts to the smallest footprint, thereby minimising the cumulative impacts on the districts and region, • It follows two routes of the lower sensitivity. Areas of high sensitivity areas near the routes can be avoided. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 121 DEAT Ref.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen If1(Jus!q,;\i Services PElA Internationa! • It follows existing power lines for the greater part of the distance between Delta and Epsilon, • Supports a general view from the public that a single corridor is the better solution for the environment. • It accounts for the environmental risk of tornado events in the study area, although in the last SSkm line separation will be less than Eskom's 10km requirement. • This solution will accommodate the inclusion of the HVDC options should these prove technically viable. However, this solution: • Does not comply with Eskom's requirement of power line separation for the entire distance between Delta and Epsilon, • Does not support the requirements of an important sector of the community through which the single corridor will pass. • Will result in highly significant, intense, negative cumulative impacts on properties where six or more lines are placed in one corridor, This solution is not recommended unless: • Eskom accepts the findings of the environmental risk assessment in this study, and • There is appropriate compensation paid to all landowners. Where there are more than five lines in the corridor it is considered that fair compensation will include the option of purchasing the farm from the landowner at fair market rates. In cases where the purchase of the property is not the agreed solution, the landowner should be offered the opportunity of "before and after" property valuations and the difference offered as compensation. A development of this magnitude needs community input before the final solution is recommended. Hence comment received during the public review of this Draft EIR will be carefully reviewed before final submission to the authorities. 16.1.2. Two corridors of three lines each The preferred corridors for a two corridor solution are Corridor C-B3 and Corridor D. The latter will pass the Mogwase Substation where the 400kV line will terminate. The remaining two lines will continue to Epsilon. South of the Pllanesburg the separation of the two corridors will narrow as the lines approach Epsilon. For a distance of SOkm the lines will be between Skm and 10km apart, and less than Skm apart for only 6.Skm. Environmentally, this solution: • Supports Eskom's preferred solution of three lines in two corridors, • This solution will accommodate the inclusion of the HVDC options should these prove technically viable. • It follows two routes of the lowest sensitivity. Areas of high sensitivity areas near the routes can be avoided. • It follows existing power lines for the greater part of the distance between Delta and Epsilon, DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Une Project DEAT Ret: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA IntCrtlationai • It accounts for the environmental risk of tornado events in the study area, although in the last 55km line separation will be less than Eskom's 10km requirement. However, this solution: • Will still result in intense impact on individual properties, with a high (negative) significance rating. In the northern parts of Corridor D and central parts of Corridor D there will be five lines in one corridor. • This solution will also see three separate corridors of four and five lines in the northern parts of the study area, adding to the cumulative district and regional impact of the project. For reasons similar to those given above, this solution needs community input before the final solution is recommended. Hence comment received during the public review of this Draft EIR will be carefully reviewed before final submission to the authorities. 16.1.3. Three corridors of two lines each The preferred corridors for a three corridor solution are Corridor D, Corridor C-B3 and Corridor A-Marico. Corridor D will pass the Mogwase Substation. South of the Pilanesburg the separation of the two eastern corridors (C-B3 and D) will narrow as the lines approach Epsilon. For a distance of 55km the lines will be between 5km and 10km apart. This solution is not seen to be preferable to the two corridor solution described above unless the following configuration could be achieved: • 3 x double circuit lines (one in each corridor) • Each tower 765kV double circuit, hexagonal cross-rope structure Environmentally, this solution: • Is not Eskom's preferred solution but will comply with Eskom's N-2 contingency network design requirement and preference for power line separation, • Offers a low development footprint on the environment. • Complies in part with the principle of running the new lines next to existing lines. However, this solution: • Will add a new power tine corridor to the district and region, • Will need an alternative solution for the 400kV link to Mogwase, and may require two single circuit lines in the eastern corridor (1 x 765kV + 1 x 400kV) • Crosses new ground in one of the corridors, and is therefore contrary to the principle of confining the new lines to existing power line corridors. (The alternative would be to utilise Corridor B where five 400kV lines will already exist. However, this corridor would only be recommended where the principle of a single "industrial" corridor is being applied.) • Is subject to the successful resolution of the technical concerns regarding the hexagonal double circuit cross-rope towers. These include construction and maintenance aspects which still need to be tested. DEIR Delta·Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 123 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Marg8!l indus{r'al Services PBA International This option is considered a fall-back scenario in the event that the HVDC element of the project is withdrawn on technical grounds. The same corridors could be used if 6 x 765kV single circuit lines were to be re-introduced, but this would be secondary to the option of two corridors with three lines each (as described above). As per the other solutions presented above, this option is subject to further public input on the Draft EIR. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 124 DEAT ReI.: 12112/20/887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industriai Services PllA Int()rnat:onal 17. DESCRIPTION OF RECOMMENDED ROUTES Within the corridors, routes for the power lines were planned on the basis that the two corridor option of three power lines is the preferred option utilising Corridors C_B3 and D. Therefore the routes will have three power lines with a servitude width of 240m (80m x 3) as well as a buffer of 500m either side of the servitude to enable site specific deviations to take place. An overall analysis of the routes for the preferred corridors (C_B3 and D) is described below highlighting some salient features and spreadsheets described the route farm by farm can be found in Appendices 1-10 and 1-11. With regard to the spreadsheets referred to above, it should be noted that the listing and description of the farms goes from north (from Delta substation) to south (Epsilon substation). The comment column indicates if there are any issues that could result in localised deviations. The column on the right hand side of the table indicates where there are more two farms affected especially when the route follows farm boundaries where the power lines can be situated either side of the farm boundary if there are no obstructions on one side of the boundary. Both corridors have existing power lines hence the routes follow the existing power lines until these lines deviate away from the corridors just below the Pilanesberg Nature Reserve. When this occurs, farm boundaries were followed as well as roads as much as was possible and where this was not possible, areas of lower impacts were followed. 17.1. CORRIDOR C_B3 With regard to Corridor C_B3, the route for the proposed three power lines predominantly follows existing power lines which posed few difficulties. Most of the areas identified as problematic can be addressed by re-alignment of the route. From the farm 2;andnek 358LQ (Delta substation site), the new power lines are situated to the east of the existing power lines and there are no problem areas until the power lines cross the Crocodile river where centre pivot irrigation system on the farm 72KQ that may be affected. After this, the power lines remain to the east until Rhenosterkop 251 KP where the new power lines cross the existing power lines to the west to avoid the village of Mokgaloneng On the farm Zoetdoorns 259KP, the new lines deviate to the south west in order to join the existing lines on Corridor B. In order to avoid a settlement, the new power lines are situated to the west of the existing power lines on the farm De Kameelkuil 130JP. On the farms Tweelaagte 175JP and Bultfontein 204JP the power lines are situated just over 300m from two settlements. On farm Bulhoek 389JP. the new lines cross the existing power lines to run east of the them due to densely populated area on western side From the farms Kosterfontein 460JP and Kortfontein 461JP north east of Koster, the existing power line that was followed deviates away from the corridor to the east and thereafter the route follows farm boundaries and roads where possible or crosses farms where this is not possible. Following farm boundaries is at times difficult due to the alignment of the boundaries that are not always in a north south alignment. DEIR Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV Transmission Power Line Project 125 DEAT Ref.: 121121201887 294-03 DEIR DeltaEpsilonV2.doc Margen Industrial Services PBA int Existing Corridor ~ New Corridor Figure 3.2: Overview of the Waterberg Power Pool corridors for 20 GW of generation As can be seen there are a number of question marks in the corridors further down the integration path. This is due to the uncertainty where the new loads will physically materialise and what is the best location to connect them to. These studies are currently underway as part of a long term strategic transmission development study for the Eskom transmission network. " A more detailed view of how the 765 kV lines in conjunction with the existing and new 400 kV lines will integrate four large power stations in the Waterberg area is shown in Figure 3.3 below. This diagram shows the Mmamabula1200 MW combined with the Matimba 3600 MW to form a single 4800 MW power station. As stated before, the Coal 4 power station could actual consist of a number of smaller IPP power stations. This represents how the power corridors will be grouped to evacuate the power to the different load centres. 9 I ! ! COll4 I it.,.!) Medupl I 1J Polo_ • Mmlmabult I II w.xop '----1~ I W I f 4lIqOMW Genblock! I II I t .. 19200MW Total Go. I ~eee eel Ilelta r-"p ~.,- f--, r- ..,.,...,..,. f..,.-,­ -.,., ' . .'. I · , ..... . I I: ' .. .' l , , .... .: SpilSkop . . . '.:.. 1 '­ r-'- i­ ,........;..... 1 r-­ '­ ~""-' " f..,.-'- r-- -+­ MOgwa•• .' Epsilon MlIfq . W'~= S S9 t3 ~ 1- _"UltiOO -765kV _4OOkV I Ferrum ----J I I "-­ LW.ltRand Pluto PIuIo Mid:. ."Pt::i::' We" Rlnd Harm.. further s.outh further sWIll Figure 3.3: Diagram shOWing the power corndor configuring for the Waterberg Power Pool with five 765 kV lines and one 400 kV line The same diagram for the option of converting two of the 765 kV lines to HVDC lines (600 kV or 800 kV) is shown in Figure 3.4. The blue blocks represent the HVDC converter stations. It must be noted that there will be several 400 kV lines required directly from the power stations to link to the 765 kV substation(s) and HVDC converter stations. The acquisition of six 765 kV servitudes with one line constructed at 400 kV and the option of constructing two lines as HVDC at either 600 kV or 800 kV allows Eskom a significant range of power transfer capacity for the future development of the Waterberg Power Pool. 10 II I II Polokwane Wi1l12+3 New PocIPAC '" O,95xO,94/0,4 New PooIPAc = O,90XO,94/0.25 =0,94 ,. 2.2 =3.4 Comment This would not be an In theory, this case gives a (I) AC line thermally economic distance. significant advantage over constrained AC. , (Ii) Voe =./2 Vir;! 011) IDe;;; iRldS (iV) AC line uncompensated Table A.1: DC/AC power transmission ratios as a function of distance 30 5. Power transmission levels: state of the art In comparing the power handling capability of HVAC and HVDC lines it must be appreciated HVAC has a major limitation: AC systems with lines longer than about 500 km will require compensation. This may have to be in the form of series capacitors or intermediate shunt capacitors, reactors and static var compensators. In the case of Eskom's single circuit 765 kV lines, the surge impedance loading (SIL) is about 2400 MW. For ±500 kV DC and thyristors rated at 3500 amps, the power transferred will be about 3500 MW, and for ±800 kV, about 5000 MW will be transported. The fact that the HVDC towers are significantly smaller than AC for the same power transfer gives DC an important advantage. The sizes of the DC and AC towers are shown in figures A.1.4 and A.1.5. 12m ".:.::;....-+0 ~l ..'. .'. I • , Figure A.1.4: Comparison of a guyed ± 500 kV dc and a guyed single circuit 735 kV AC tower for transmission of 3000 MW on a single structure [6] 31 ±500 kV Bipolar HVDC Line 35(JO~%J~AW_~,n',, _ _ __ s ~ ... . •• .. •• ~ ~ 0 ®Eskom Self-supporting ±500 kV HVDC line structure [6] 6. The physical environment Conservation of the physical environment is today a very strong driver or influencing factor in the choice of HVDC. This is because, for the same power transported, an overhead HVDC line occupies less servitude space than an HVAC line carrying the same power; the visual impact is also lower. This latter aspect has been a very significant point in the choice of HVDC (together with 765 kV AC) in the Waterberg Power Corridors; without HVDC to reduce the environmental impact of the lines, it is very likely that some of the Landowners might have obstructed the granting of servitudes to Eskom. 7. Electrical stability The inherent controllability of the LCC HVDC system makes it possible to damp complex disturbances in the interconnected AC system. Put simply, an HVDC system can be controlled to shield one AC system from another. The ability of the LCC HVDC scheme to provide control comes about from the basic fact that the firing angle of the converter can be very rapidly modified (or modulated) and in this way, regulate the flow of power through the converter. This can also be thought of as the ability to vary the "resistance" and hence damping when looking from the AC system into the DC scheme. As regards controllability, it is instructive to note that the magnitude and direction of power flow in an AC network depends on the network impedances; this makes the network far less controllable than one augmented by HVDC. 32 The control functions performed by the LCC system include damping of sub­ synchronous resonances, dynamic voltage regulation, dynamic and transient stabilisation of AC systems (during and after faults, for example), and damping of transient overvoltages in the AC system. Modern. sophisticated software such as the PSCAD, is available to model such effects in detail for specific applications. Although the above discussion is necessarily brief and somewhat superficial. the point is that LCC HVDC can contribute significantly to stabilising AC networks. Detailed studies are recommended. particularly for the Waterberg networks. 8. Fault levels Besides helping to stabilise an interconnected AC network, HVDC also offers the advantage of not contributing to the fault level in the connected AC network. This is important in the future Waterberg networks where the levels are expected to reach:the high value Of. at least 75 kA. Amongst other things, to accommodate such a fault level will require more expensive switchgear and substations. 9. Losses There are two main components that cause power losses in HVDC systems, namely, resistive losses in the line conductors and losses in the convertor. The longer the line, the higher will be the resistive losses, as would be expected. From a survey done of line losses in existing schemes, it was found that the losses at rated power varied from about 2% (short lines) to 8% for the longer lines (:!> 1500 km). For lines in the 3000 km range. it should be possible to keep the losses to below about 15%. In absolute terms, this would probably amount to 100's of MW. The full load losses on a typical long (400 km) 400 kV AC line are in the range 2-3%. Precise comparisons will depend on the specifics of each case - however, it can be said that the DC line losses will be proportionately higher than for AC. As regards the convertor itself, the losses at rated power of modern plant lie in the range of 2 - 2,5%/convertor. The losses in comparable AC plant are about the same. 10. Conversion of HVAC lines to HVDC operation There has in the last 5 years been considerable interest in this topic; the main reasons are the need to transport more power down existing servitudes and saving of line costs. Exploiting a long HVAC network (such as the 250 km of KZN lines from Ingagane to Georgedale) means conceptually that HVDC could be considered, but without the considerable expense and delay incurred by having to build a new HVDC line. The various 275 kV line hops would be inter­ connected to create one pOint-to-point bipolar HVDC line. One important constraint in the conversion is the limit that insulator pollution places on the maximum DC voltage which can be used. The value of the DC voltage would, as a rough guide, be numerically equal to the AC system voltage; in turn, this gives a DC power level which in theory is 21..}3 (1,15) of the AC power. This is a marginal advantage, one which may not be economic, and so other ways to increase the voltage will have be considered. These may 33 require extensive modifications to the towers, to increase insulation clearances, to be made. It is stressed that each case must be considered individually on its merits. Research is still being done into this concept, but as far as is known, only one trial scheme (in India) has so far been built. APPENDlX A.2: OCCUPANCY OF THE PROPOSED CORRIDORS 1 X 800kV Bipolar HVDC 1x765 kV 1x765 kV I , I I j2.L 59m ..... , Figure A.2.1: Servitude details (Note that for the eastern corridor, the Delta­ Mogwasie line will be 1x400 kV) 34 @Eskom DELTA TO EPSILON 6x765kV TRANSMISSION LINES DEVIATIONS APPENDIX A.3: ROUTING OF THE PROPOSED CORRIDORS 35 APPENDIX A.4: RELEVANT CORRESPONDENCE WITH DEAT ~@11f~®fffi P. O. Box 12822 Leraatsfonteln, 1038 Cm. CollyerJJellicoe Tel: (013) 1356 12'12 Fax: (013) 1356 2233 e-mail: delnQ(Slielkomsa.nel INDUS TRIAL SERVICES Cl< No: 2002/087973/23 Ms L. Grobbelaar 02 February 2009 Environmental Impact Assessment Section Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Fedsure Building 315 Pretorlus Street Pretoria HAND DELIVERED Your Ref. No: 12/12/20/887 Our Ref. No: Dear Ms Grobbelaar DELTA·EPSILON 6x 765 kV ESKOM TRANSMISSION POWER LINE PROJECT In discussion with Mr Nkosi of your Department regarding the above project, it was agreed that a letter describing a review of components of the project would be forwarded to you as supervisor of Mr. Maswime, the DEAT case officer for this project, for deliberation and comment. As you may be aware, the scoping phase of the above EIA study was approved by DEAT on 15 December 2008. A better understanding of the speCifIcations of the development was gained during the Scoplng phase indicating a very close relationship between the reliable operation of the power lines and the environment. Therefore. a range of variables has to be considered in routing the power lines and the possible routes have to be assessed from an environmental risk perspective to understand whether the six proposed power lines should be separated into separate corridors or if an the power lines can be kept together in a single corridor. With the start of the EIA phase, Eskom Transmission has been holding internal discussions regarding various components of the project especially the separation of the power lines into a number of corridors. After the discussions, Eskom Transmission indicated that the number of corridors could be reduced from 3 corridors of two lines each (as proposed in the scoping phase of the project) to two corridors of three lines each. It should be noted that during the scoping phase, the options assessed and discussed with stakeholders was the separation of the six power lines into three corridors of two power lines each separated by a minimum of 10km or placing all six lines in one utility corridor. The power lines to be used were single circuit alternating current (Ae) standard structures but during the public review of the DSR, options such as the use of bipolar high voltage direct current (HVDe) lines were raised. Hence the use of HVDe power lines and double circuit power lines has been considered further by Eskom. 36 Eskom proposes that the following options be considered (in addition) to the options set out in the SR: • Two corridors of three power lines each • Option A: Corridor 1: 3x 765 kV AC lines Single Circuits; Corridor 2: 2x 765 kV AC lines Single Circuit + 1x 400 kV (built at 765 kV) and turned into the proposed new Mogwase substation to be located south of Pilanesberg. • Option B: Corridor 1: 2x 765 kV AC Single Circuit Lines + 1x 600-800 kV bipolar HVDC: Corridor 2: 1x 765 kV Single Circuit Une, 1x 600-800 kV HVDC (bipolar), 1x 400 kV (turn-in Mogwase substation, 8uilt at 765 kV) The following needs to be noted: • The above options do not increase the number of transmission lines. • The servitude width per transmission line remains 80m hence the servitude for a corridor with three lines therein will be 240m wide. The servitude for three separate corridors of two lines each was 160m. • The above Option 2 (A?) Is basically the same as the initial scope of 6x 765 kV power lines with the difference being that the power lines will now be in 2 corridors and not in 3 corridors. • Option 8 is different because of the HVDC (bipolar) power line which replaces one of the 765 kV power lines in each corridor. • 765 kV double circuit power lines may be used in certain areas where there are space limitations. • Eskom prefers the 10km separation distance between the 2 corridors but the distance will depend on the outcome of the specialist studies during the EIA phase. The options recommended to be investigated in the EIA phase of the project were as follows: 1. 6x 765 kV single circuit, cross-rope deSign towers in a single, 'Industrial' corridor or 6x 765 kV single circuit, guyed-V design towers in a single, industrial corridor (minimum servitude of 500m) 2. 2x 765 kV single circuit cross-rope or guyed-V design towers in 3 separate corridors (minimum servitude width of 160m). AntiCipate a separation distance of between 2km and 10km between corridors; 3. 3x 765 kV double circuit lines in a single industrial corridor (minimum servitude of 500m) 4. 1x double circuit line in 3 separate corridors (minimum servitude width of 100m) 5. 3 separate corridors containing the following: 2x 765 kV single circuit corridor (minimum servitude width of 160m); 1x 765 kV double circuit power line (minimum seryitude of 100m); 1x HVDC (high voltage direct current) double circuit power line (minimum servitude of 100m) 6.Single corridor containing all of the options mentioned in option 5 (minimum servitude of 400m). 7. 3x BOO kV HVDe (bipolar) power lines in a single corridor (servitude will be more than SOOm) 8. 3x 800 kV HVDC (bipolar) power lines in 3 separate corridors (servitude of the corridors will be more than BOm). It should be noted that options 3 and 4 will no longer be investigated (see bullet point 4 above) as well as options 7 and B. Option 5 has been replaced by the two corridor options described above (now to be referred to as Options 5A and 58 respectively). th Several focus group meetings were held from 27-30 January 2009 within the project study area between landowners and the environmental specialists working on the project During these 37 meetings, the above proposed changes were discussed with landowners who attended these meetings and no objections were raised, However, only a limited amount of stakeholders have been informed about the above changes hence our approach to your offICe. We do not see a material change in the study corridors presented In the SR, the scope of the specialist studies being undertaken, nor in the total number of lines in the study. Furthermore, we are sensitive to the fact that the project has already run on a considerable time past the original target date and many of the landowners are impatient that this is delaying their own investment and development plans. Therefore we propose that we proceed with the EIA phase of the project without further delay, but on receipt of feedback from you on this leiter we will issue a letter to all registered stakeholders informing them of the changes described above. We would be grateful for your advice and approval to move ahead. Yours truly, GM MAHLANGU 38 Below is the reply received from DEAT. IT ...~ environment & tourism . --; ..._ ... A t l / , _ .... ·.--""----""I.. ,tJ."'.. "-I·~""lm- AttettClon: MJ Mo$e$ MMIonQu MaIDOn II\dIJ$IIIaI Swket P.O. Box 1ZB22 I.ERAATVFONTEIfC 1038 Fax: I013)tHI6~ OoIltSr .APPROVAl. OF THe PROPOSED CHANGES IN 1H& A9W. SCOPfNG IW'ORT FOR 1lfE PROPOSFn ECKOM DELTA·I:PSI..Off • X7&SKV lAANSlIISSION POWER UN!S. NORTH WUT AND UlIPQpO PROVINCes The DepatUMnt QlnIrmS ha'llnO meeIYed ~r laller dated 02 FGbruafY 2009 1lO\ifyilg lilt DeQaI1menl of lie ~ changes 10 the options set oulln !he IImI/ Sc«!iIg Report dated t.IQ\ 2008 oil fie OZOdtlF&bNBIY 2000. T~ Depar1n'lllnt haS evalUated )'OIIr fIt!aw ert Athene-Umfolozi 120 km long line projects were for 400 kV (011) 800 3917 (year 2001). transmission power lines that };> Pegasus - Umfolozi 80 km line (year included substations. 2002) };> Adis - Phoebus 22 km line (year 2003) Ms. Mamokete Mafumo };> Braamhoek Transmission lines and Eskom Transmission (011) 800 2621 Substation Integration Project. };> Zeus - Perseus Eskom project Eskom Transmission Ms. Carol Streaton involving four provinces, viz 0836331545 Mpumalanga, Free State, North West and Gauteng };> Currently busy with Medupi Power Eskom Transmission projects Ms Joyce Mashiteng Station and Mmamabula Power (011) 8004623 Station Integration Projects Mr. Sebenzile Vilakazi J0111800 4902 The following EIA projects have been completed for Eskom Distribution: Eskom Distribution Northern Mrs. Louise Human };> Simplon - Der Brochen 31 km long Region (012) 421 3150 Distribution line and substations };> Steelpoort - Burgersfort 19 km long Distribution line and sUbstations. Mr. Hannes van Rensburg 0828053480 };> Amandla-Wolwekraal 33 km long Distribution line and };> Pelly - Babelegi 18 km long Distribution line };> Burgersfort - Steelpoort two 132 kV (22km) distribution line and substation };> Big Tree Substation and 18km, 132kV line };> Mamogale Substation and Makolokwe Substation and associated distribution power lines };> Phokeng Substation Strengthening and 88kV, 6km distribution line I ± 3 km long Distribution line and a Eskom Distribution - Central substation in the area of Muldersdrift Region Jan Greyling 10111711 2005 \ CURRICULUM VITAE Ge STANDER PERSONAL INFORMATION: • NAME: Gert Jacobus Stander • NATIONAUTY: South African • DATE of BIRTH: 3 May 1971 • LANGUAGES: Afrikaans; English CERTIFICATES: • COMMISSIONER OF OATHS Jan 2005 Ref: 9/1/8/2 Region: A15 - South Africa EDUCATION: • RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY Jan 1990 ­ !'lov 1991 Business-Accounting Course Accounting, Commercial Lavt Business Economics • GE!'lERAAL HERTZOG HIGH SCHOOL Jan 1985 - Nov 1989 Afrikaans, English Mathematic~ Economy Accounting, Business Economics EMPLOYMENT: • MARGEN INDUSTRIAL SERVICES Current Public Involvement Officer May 2008 - Current Key responsibilities & duties: • Identify stakeholders, other than the Proponent • Create awareness and inform stakeholders about projects • Ensure stakeholder involvement and partidpation • Provide a liaison with stakeholders • Handle public announcements, advertisements and notices • Establish and maintain an IMP database • Provide detailed records of concerns, inputs, comments and responses from IMPs • Ensure that the stakeholder engagement process meets minimum legal requirements and aims to be effective, effiCient and equitable • Compile accurate reports of the Public Partidpation Process and Public Involvement Activities undertaken during projects Page lof 2 • ito-SAFETY CONSULTING 1 Year ~ Feb 2007 - Apr 2008 Key responsibilities & duties: • Compile Health & Safety Files in strict compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Act No: 85 of 1993, the Construction Regulations, GN R1010 of 18 July 2003/ the Mine Health and Safety Act, Act No: 29 of 1996 and any other relevant Regulations. • Prepare documentation relating to the requirements of the above mentioned Acts and in terms of 1509001 quality standards which includes: ./ Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) ./ Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) ./ Health & Safety and Fall Protection plan ./ Accident & Incident and Unsafe Report registers ./ Emergency & Evacuation procedures and plans ./ Inspection registers & checklists for equipment, vehicles, structures & hygiene ./ Legal appointments • Conduct Health & Safety inspection and write compliance report (construction sites) • Investigate accidents and incidents and recommend mitigating procedures • Employee Induction on Health & Safety issues • Setup, design and compile Company Profiles • PARK MOTORS (caltex Oil-SA) 11 Years Manager Jul1994 - May 2006 Key responsibilities and duties, relating to petrol filling station, 2nd hand vehicle sales, car wash & valet and retail store: • General Managing ./ Direct and manage the day-to-day activities of a team of 25 employees ./ Motivate and supervise staff ./ Key point of contact for client and customer liaison ./ Ensure high quality service and customer satisfaction • Sales & Marketing ./ Develop and implement strategic buSiness plans ./ Establish marketing budgets and plans • Finance & Administration ./ Manage, Analyze and Control multiple bank accounts ./ Responsible for company/s day-to-day cash flow ./ Supervise General Ledger accounts ./ Manage and Reconcile Bank-, Debtor- and Creditor Control accounts ./ Responsible for Salaries and Wages ./ Financial Analysis, Budgeting and Forecasting ./ Manage all tax related issues • Human Resources ./ Recruitment and performance management ./ Handle related legal and commercial matters • Stock Control ./ Full stock- and inventory control ./ Ensure maximum utilization of surplus stock Page 2 of 2 CURRICULUM VITAE STUART JAMES DUNSMORE Company position: Director Name of Firm: PBA International (SA) Name of Staff: Stuart James Dunsmore Profession: Environmental Management, Water Resources, and River & Drainage Management Date of birth: 7 March 1962 Nationality: British I South African Membership in Professional societies: International Association of Impact Assessment (South African Chapter), Member of the Chartered Institute of Water and Environmental Management (UK) KEY QUALIFICATIONS AND RELEVANT PROJECT EXPERIENCE Power Projects (12 years experience) • Environmental Impact Assessments for power lines - 88kV up to 765kV lines (over 10 projects) including 700km of 765kV covering four provinces in South Africa (study area of 450km x 300km). Also Environmental Control Officer for the construction of the Pegasus-Athene 400kV line. • Project Director for the EIA for the Mmamabula-Medupi Transmission Integration Project involving 3000km of new power lines (400kV, 765kV HVAC, and 600kV HVDC) and two new substations (each> 100ha). Project involved route planning, substation location, environmental assessment 2 and public consultation. 80,000km study area Other Environmental Impact Assessments ·12 years experience includi.,g • Environmental Impact Assessment for the 170 km gas pipeline in Botswana • EIA project manager for R 1.2 billion PFG float glass plant expansion in Springs. Air quality modelling studies, noise impact assessments, groundwater quality were the key issues included in the study. • Preliminary environmental investigations and preparation of EMP for coal bed methane gas exploration, Botswana. • Environmental impact assessments, including inner city developments in environmentally sensitive areas, road schemes and water transfer schemes. Development and assessment of mitigation options, including drainage, land use, landscaping and visual impacts. (South Africa) • Environmental impact studies of development on catchment areas, rivers and sensitive ecological habitats. (UK) • Environmental impact assessments for two large resort development, including marine and golf course developments, in Mauritius. One site, Le Morne, is located in the buffer area of a UNESCO World Heritage site. • Project Director for the Mmamabula-Medupi Transmission Integration EIA; 3000km of new 400kV, 765kV and 800HVDC power lines, plus two new substations of over 150ha each. Study area in 2 excess of 80,000km • Hydrology, drainage & river engineering - 20 years experience including: • Reservoir yield analysis for new 18 million cubic metre reservoir in an ungauged catchment in Cote d'ivoire. • Flood hydrology and flood line assessment for the Limpopo River on South Africa-Botswana border. • Hydraulic modelling (ISIS) of the River Kennet for the Environment Agency (UK) for the purposes of floodplain management, flood risk assessment and development control. • Hydrological modelling of stormwater and process water movement on mine tailings dams (Vaal Reefs, North West Province). • Urban drainage modelling (hydrodynamic PCSWMM) and hydrology for clients in Cape Town (ACSA, Cape Town City Council) and Johannesburg (Jo'burg Roads Agency). • Water Resources Situation Assessment for the Mvoti-Mzimkhulu WMA, KwaZulu Natal, part of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for the area (DWAF/DANCED) • Project Co-ordinator for detail design of a RDP water supply scheme in North West Province (Value R4m). (South Africa) • Hydraulic modelling (ISIS) and impact assessment (sediment, ecology, flooding) of a steep river system in KwaZulu - Natal for Umgeni Water. (South Africa) • Hydraulic analysis of major bridge crossing ofthe Limpopo River (Mozambique) • Water resources development plan, site drainage plan, tidal and wave surge design levels and coastal wetland rehabilitation of a large resort development - Les Salines (Mauritius). • Integrated Network Management (water supply) for Johannesburg SMLC. The system is set up to manage supply water demand, and to programme maintenance work and upgrade to meet set levels of service, covering both the formal and informal areas of the MLC. (South Africa) • Development of national policy on air quality at airports. (South Africa) • Development master planning with particular reference to water resources - amount and quantity. Application of source control techniques and pollution prevention measures which form an integral part of urban drainage systems. (UK & South Africa) • Hydraulic design and modelling of drainage networks of existing and proposed developments, including development testing of design which includes landscaping and environmental features. (UK & SA) • River engineering projects and flood alleviation schemes. (UK) • Distributed catchment hydrological modelling for development control and urban planning. Full flood hydrograph analysis of the River Thames. • Hydrological modeling experience - SCS method (SA & US), ACRU (SA), Wallingford Procedure (UK), WinDes (UK), Ribaman (UK), Flood Studies Report (UK), PCSWMM (SA), WSAM (SA) • Hydraulic modeling experience -Slope-Area method (SA), MicroDrainage (urban drainage - UK), ISIS hydrodynamic model (UK & SA), HEC-RAS (SA), PCSWMM (urban systems - SA). Other involvement • Quality Assurance: Developing and auditing Quality Assurance Systems (ISO 9001 and ISO 9002) in both South Africa and the U.K. EDUCATION Professional Qualifications: CEng. (Chartered Engineer, Engineering Council UK) 1986 University of Natal, RSA: M.Sc. Eng 1984 University of Natal, RSA: B.Sc. Eng EMPLOYMENT 1999· Present Director, PBA International (SA) (South Africa) Environmental and Water Resources Consultant. 1997 - 1999 Principal Engineer: PBA International, (UK & South Africa) Environmental and Water Engineering Consultant 1990·1997 Principal Engineer: Peter Brett Associates (United Kingdom) Water resources engineering, river engineering, hydraulic modelling, flood relief schemes, development planning and management, drainage design. 1990 Contract Research Engineer: Dept. Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of Natal (South Africa) Water resources planning research, catchment management, hydrological model development 1988 ·1990 Engineer: Dept Water Affairs & Forestry (SA). Flood Studies - flood measurement and documentation: risk assessment, dam safety analysis 1986·1987 National Service: SA National Defence Force Responsible for environmental management of defence force training and testing grounds, including game counts, vegetation management, .operational procedures, erosion control. 1984 ·1985 Research Engineer: University of Natal (South Africa) Research into design hydrology for small catchments LANGUAGE SKILLS Language Reading Speaking Writing English Excellent Excellent Excellent Afrikaans Good Good Good CURRICULUM VITAE JEAN LOIS BEATER Company position: Senior Environmental Specialist Name of Firm: PBA International (SA) Name of Staff: Jean Lois Beater Profession: Environmental Management Specialist Date of birth: 1961 Nationality: South African Qualifications & Membership with Professional societies: 2008 International Association of Impact Assessment (SA-Branch) EXPERTISE Heritage Management • Cultural historic report on holdings 148 & 151. Ruimsig. Johannesburg; • Historical significance report of the Bryntirion Ministerial Estate complex. Pretoria • Heritage impact assessment on portions 5, 198 & 330 Doornkloof. Irene, Gauteng; • Heritage impact assessment for proposed development on extension 2, Visagie Park, Nigel; • Heritage impact assessment for proposed development on the Farm Rooderand, Potchefstroom District, North West Province; • Heritage impact assessment on Farm Poplar Grove 580, Viljoenskroon District • Heritage impact assessment for proposed development on Farm Town and Townlands, Mafikeng, North West Province • Heritage assessment for Peaking Power Project, Coega Industrial Development Zone • Heritage assessment of Wemmer Pan suburb, Johannesburg for Wemmer Pan Precinct Plan. • Heritage Assessment for the North Shore Housing Development, Wemmer Pan Implementation of site management plans: • Manage negotiation of fossil site agreements and site management plans with landowners, in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site and implement and monitor management plans Environmental Impact Assessments: • EIA for Eskom Pelly-Babelegi 132kV Distribution power line project near Hammanskraal • EIA for Eskom Big Tree 132kV Distribution power line project near Moloto • EIA for Eskom Amandla-Wolwekraal132kV distribution power line project near Marble Hall • EIA for Eskom Burgersfort 132kV Distribution power line project, Burgersfort • Assist with EIA for Eskom Zeus-Mercury-Persues 765kV Transmission power line project between Standerton and Vierfontein and Standerton and Dealesville • EIA for Eskom Delta-Epsilon 6x 765kV transmission power line project between Lephalale and Potchefstroom • EIA for Eskom Epsilon substation & Associated Turn-ins Project near Potchefstroom. • EIA for Eskom Distribution Substation (Leloko) near Hartebeespoort Dam' • EIA for Eskom Distribution Bighorn-Makolokwe-Mamogale 88kV power line project and associated substations between Rustenburg and Brits • EIA for Eskom Distribution Bighorn-Karee 88kV line project between Rustenburg and Brits. Records Management: • Arrange Kairos papers for the Historical Papers section of the William Cullen Library, University of the Witwatersrand Management experience: • Manage consultants and key stakeholders during the monitoring and evaluation of the fossil and other heritage sites in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. • Appoint and manage specialists for Environmental Impact Assessments and colleagues EDUCATION 1983 University of Natal, SA: BA 2002 University of the Witwatersrand. SA: MA (Heritage Studies) THESIS ENTITLED "MEMORY, MEMORIALISATION AND NATION BUILDING: THE MAKING OF MEMORIES OF WAR AND CONFLICT IN SOUTH AFRICA EMPLOYMENT 2005 - -Present Senior Environmental Specialist with PBA International (South Africa) Ply Ltd Manage various EIA studies for proposed developments in South Africa . 2004-2005 Cultural Resource Manager Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Environment Cradle of Humankind Worid Heritage Site Implement site management plans according to UNESCO standards; ensure management of resources includes an integrated environmental and conservation approach; monitor fossil sites and cultural resources; negotiate site management plans with landowners; engage with landowners and other key stakeholders 2003 - 2004 Heritage Consultant Heritage Management Consultancy, Johannesburg Heritage impact assessments; conservation management plans; record management . , 1991- 2002: Manager: Burial Sites Unit South African Heritage Resources Agency Implement program to upgrade and maintain burial grounds and memorials across South Africa; negotiate with and manage contractors; manage administration of regional office including the hiring and training of staff; assess heritage impact assessments for developments. • PUBLICATIONS: Beater, Jean, 1996. Conservation of War Graves. Monuments and Sites, South Africa. International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). National Committee· 11th General Assembly Series Journal. LANGUAGE SKILLS Language Reading Speaking Writing English Excellent Excellent Excellent Afrikaans Good Good Good Zulu Poor Poor Poor Company Profile MasterQ Research (Ply) Ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterq.co.za www.masterq.co.za MasterQ Research (pty) Ltd. was established at the beginning of 2003. The company is wholly owned and managed by Ms Anita Bron who holds a Masters degree in Research Psychology. MasterQ Research specialises in social and market research related studies such as Social Impact Assessments and Social Marketing Research. Prior to establishing MasterQ Research, Anita completed her internship at the SABC within their research division during which time she assisted with the development of the education research department for the SABC. She then joined a market research company as a research executive where she gained valuable experience in market research related fields such as client satisfaction surveys and product development. As director of MasterQ Research, she established herself as a social scientist speCialising in Social Impact Assessments, Social Marketing Research and recently Monitoring and Evaluation. She is currently completing another Masters degree, this time in Social Impact Assessment, at the University of Johannesburg. MasterQ Research recently acquired the services of Ms Nonka Byker. Nonka holds a 4-year Bachelors degree in Psychology from the University of Pretoria. She is currently registered with the Health Professions Council' of South Africa (HPSCA) as a registered counsellor. 'She has extensive experience in the social development field, and has apprOXimately 8 years experience in the areas such as public participation and Social Impact Assessments. Apart from her experience in the social development field, Nonka is also a qualified Assessor within the ambit of the Health & Welfare SETA, and has limited experience (app. 2 years) within the HWSETA training field, as training material developer, facilitator and assessor. Mrs Portia Mnisi joined MasterQ Research in July 2007. She is a social work student majoring in developmental studies. When necessary, MasterQ Research also involves specialists in related fields as associates or does capacity building in communities. For example, the company recently trained 30 field workers in the Western Highveld in the Mpumalanga Province to conduct a survey to understand Knowledge Attitude and Practices regarding water and water related issues in the community. Director Postal address Physical address . Anita Bron 49 Muller street 49 Muller street Yeoville Yeoville Johannesburg Johannesburg Contact numbers E-mail Cell: 082 780 580 1 anita@masterq.co.za Tel/Fax: 0114873126 Company registration number VAT registration number 2003/002350/07 4370/207/67/4 Page 1 of8 Company Profile MasterQ Research (Ply) ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterg.co.za www.masterq.co.za SERVICES MasterQ Research offers the following professional services through the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods: • Social and Socio-economic Impact Assessment • Social Health Impact Assessment • Monitoring and Evaluation • Social Marketing Research • Social Research • Market Research • Training material development -----------------------­ CLIENT nesburg Gauteng Tourism Authority (GTA) and Consulting The Social Housing Foundation • Bombela Consortium lliso Consulting Department of Water Affairs (DWAF) ORASECOM Associates • Gauteng Tourism Authority (GTA) Wesizwe Platinum Limited Tati Nickel Mining Company Page 2 of8 . Company Profile MasterQ Research (pty) Ltd • Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterq.co.za www.masterq.co.za PROJECT INVOLVEMENT Social and Socio-economic Impact Assessments As a sub-consultant to Metalogue Solutions • Social Impact Assessment for the expansion of an Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant at Atlantis (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Steelpoort Pumped Storage Scheme (Client: Eskom Generation, Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). As a direct consultant to the Project Manager • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Milnerton-Atlantis Fuel Supply pipeline (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Socio-Economic Impact Assessment as part of the EIA for the proposed Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGD at Majuba Power Station (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Comparative Social Impact Assessment in respect of housing options for construction workers on the proposed Project Phoenix (Client: Exxaro, Project Manager: MasterQ Research). • Social Impact Assessment as part of the EIA for the proposed Thyspunt Integration Project (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Sivest). • Socia-economic Impact Assessment as part of the EIA for the proposed Mokopane Integration Project (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Savannah Environmental). • Evaluation of the OVC Database (Client: Save the Children UK; Project Manager: MasterQ Research). • Social Impact Assessment for a NMPP, and associated depots, from the Kmatipoort to Kendall (Client: Petroline RSA; Project Manager: SRK Consulting). • Social Impact Assessment for Mbelenge Diamond Mining Project in the DRC (Client: GEM; Project Manager: SRK Consulting). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Groot Letaba River Development Project - GLeWAP (Client: DWAF; Project Manager: lliso Consulting). • Social Situation Assessment for the proposed 'Groot Letaba River Development Project - GLeWAP (Client: DWAF; Project Manager: lIiso Consulting). • Social Impact Assessment for the Mamogale-MakoJokwe-Karee-Bighorn Projects (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: PBA International and Margen industrial SeNices). • Social Impact Assessment for the pipeline for the Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant at Atlantis (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). Page 3 of8 Company Profile MasterQ Research (Pty) Ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780580 1 e-mail: anita@masterg.co.za www.masterq.co.za • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed extension of the Majuba-Umfolozi and Umfolozi­ Richards Bay 765kV Transmission power lines (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: lliso Consulting on behalf of BKS). • Social Impact Assessment, including land-use and tourism impact assessments, for· the construction and operation of 4x400kV Transmission power lines from the proposed Mmamabula power station to the proposed Delta substation, and Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Delta substation (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: PBA International and Margen Industrial Services). • Social Impact Assessment. including land-use and tourism impact assessments. for the construction and operation of 6x765kV Transmission power lines from the proposed Delta substation to the proposed Epsilon SUbstation (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: PBA International and Margen Industrial Services). • Social Impact Assessment, including land-use and tourism impact assessments. for the construction and operation of 2x400kV Transmission power Jines from the Medupi power station to Dinaledi substation (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: PBA International and Margen Industrial Services). • Social Impact Assessment, including land-use and tourism impact assessments, for the construction and operation of 1x400kV Transmission power line from the proposed Matimba B power station to Marang substation. (Client Eskom; Project Manager: PBA International and Margen Industrial Services). • Social Impact Assessment, including land-use and tourism impact assessments, for the construction and operation of 6x765kV Transmission power lines from the proposed Delta substation to the proposed Epsilon substation and Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Epsilon substation. (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: PBA International and Margen Industrial Services). • Social Impact Assessment. focusing on socio-economic impacts. for the proposed Hydra­ Perseus and Beta-Perseus 765 kV Transmission power lines, including land use and tourism impact assessments (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Arcus Gibb). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Gautrain Rapid Rail Link. Supplementary information for the Comparative Social Impact Assessment (Client: Bombela Consortium; Project Manager: lliso Consulting). • Social Impact Assessment for the Lafarge West Rand Grinding Facility (Client: Lafarge SA; Project Manager: SRK Consulting). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Zeus-Perseus 765kV Transmission power line, including land use and tourism impact assessments (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Margen Industrial Services and Pbai). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Pelly-Babelegi 132kV power line (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Margen Industrial Services and Pbai). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Majuba-Umfolozi 765kV Transmission power line (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: lIiso Consulting on behalf of BKS). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Addis-Phoebus power line (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Margen Industrial Services). Page 40f8 Company Profile . MasterQ Research (pty) Ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterg.co.za www.masterq.co.za • Feasibility Study and Cost-Risk Analysis for Social Housing in the North West Province. Responsibilities: source data, final report compilation (Client SHF; Project Manager: HMORC). • Assessment of claimed future usage of electricity and water amongst farmers in Mpumalanga. Responsibilities: interview and assist with mapping the results (Client Eskom; Project Manager: Brand Baro-Matrix). As assistant of Dr K.U. Brugge • Baseline socio-demographic study and literature research for the Social Impact Assessment of the proposed Pebble bed Modular Reactor at Koeberg (Client Eskom; Project Manager: Afrosearch). • Baseline socio-demographic study and literature research for the Social Impact Assessment of the proposed Pebblebed Modular Reactor Fuel Station at Pelindaba (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Afrosearch). • Baseline socio-demographic study for the socio-economic analysis of the Whalerock Coastal Reserve, Sanderlings and Fisherman's Village at Plettenberg Bay (Client: Amazing Estate; Project Manager: Afrosearch). • Comparative data gathering for the Cosmo-City Township development (Client: VRE Engineers/Poltech/Alberton Town Council; Project Manager: Afrosearch). As supervisor and reviewer of projects completed by Ms Byker in her capacity as employee of M~~~~~ ­ • Social Impact Assessment, with cognisance of tourism impacts, for the proposed Vryburg 400kV substation (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed establishment of a tourist access facility and associated infrastructure in the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park (Client: SANPARKS; Project Manager: Triviron). • Social Impact Assessment for. the proposed Mercury-Ferrum Transmission power line (Client: Eskom Transmission, Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Ferrum-Garona Transmission power line (Client: Eskom Transmission, Project Manager: Bohlweki EnVironmental). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Steelpoort Integration Project (Client: Eskom GenerationlTransmission, Project Manager: Savannah Environmental). • Social Impact Assessment for the Zonk'iSizwe town development in Midrand (Client: Old Mutual; Project Manager: ElMS). • Review of the Social Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Petronet's pipeline capacity, the new multi-products pipeline (NMPP): Jameson Park to Langlaagte (Client: Petronet; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Review of the Social Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion of Petronet's pipeline capacity, the new multi-products pipeline (NMPP): Waltloo to Kendal (Client: Petronet; Project Manager: Bohlweki EnVironmental). Page 5 of8 Company Profile MasterQ Research (Pty) Ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterq.co.za www.masterq.co.za • Social Impact Assessment for the propos~d Mercury-Ferrum Transmission power line (Client: Eskom Transmission; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Ferrum-Garona Transmission power line (Client: Eskom Transmission; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Steelpoort Pumped Storage Scheme (Client: Eskom Generation; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Comparative Social Impact Assessment to determine housing options for construction workers on Project Phoenix (Client: Kumba Iron Ore). • Social and Labour Plan for the Selkirk BFS Project in Botswana (Client: Tati Nickel Mining Company, Project Manager: TWP Mining Solutions). • Social and Labour Plan for the proposed Wesizwe Platinum Mine (Client: Wesizwe Platinum Limited, Project Manager: TWP Mining Solutions). • Social Impact Assessment for the pip~line for the CCGT at Majuba Power Station (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental), • Social Impact Assessment as part of the EIA for the proposed Zonk'iziwe Mixed Use Development (Client: Old Mutual Properties; Project Manager: ElMS). • Social Impact Assessment as part of the EIA and permit application for the proposed new regional and hazardous waste processing facility in the Eastern Cape (Client: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality/Coega IDZ; Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). Tourism • Socio-economic study as part of the Environmental Management Framework and Management Plan for the Dinokeng area (Client: Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment (GDACE); Project Manager: Bohlweki Environmental). • Socio-economic Tourism study as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Mmamabula-Delta Project (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Margen Industrial Services/Pbai) . • Dinokeng Database Survey. Audit and analysis of tourist destinations in Dinokeng, and their profiles. Responsibilities: interviewing, database design and development, statistical analysis (Client: DACEL; Project Manager: Ochre Communications and Mastera Research). • Measuring the success of the Dinokeng marketing campaign as perceived by product owners (three waves). Responsibilities: interviewing. data capturing. statistical analysis, report (Client: DACEL; Project Manager: Ochre Communications and Mastera Research). • Economic Impact Survey of the Dinokeng marketing campaign. Responsibilities: interviewing. data capturing, statistical analysis, report (Client: DACEL; Project Manager: Ochre Communications and Mastera Research). • Sport Tourism Economic Impact Survey. Responsibilities: statistical analysis. report. (Client: Gauteng Tourism Authority; Project Manager: HMORC). Page 6 of8 I Company Profile MasterQ Research (pty) Ltd ! Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterq.co.za www.masterq.co.za • Assessing the feasibility of a Johannesburg CBD Tourism bus. Responsibilities: data capturing, statistical analysis, report (Client: DACEL; Project Manager: Ochre Communications and MasterQ Research). • Assessing Eersterust Tourism Development Potential. Responsibilities: data capturing, statistical analysis, report (Client: DACEL; Project Manager: Ochre Communications and MasterQ Research). Social Research • Socia-economic study with cognisance of infrastructural issues as part of the City of Johannesburg State of the Environment Report 2008 (Client: City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality; Project Manager: Sivest). • Feasibility study of the potential for sustainable water resources development in the Molopo - Nossob watercourse (Client: ORASECOM; Project Manager: lIiso Consulting). • Analyse the results of the annual survey conducted by Johannesburg City Parks (Client: Johannesburg City Parks: Project Manager: Hoe Madikane Otto Research and Consulting. • Situation Assessment as part of the EIA for the proposed Groot Letaba River Development Project (Client: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF); Project Manager: liliso Consulting). • Assist with Post hoc study: Social impacts in constructing high voltage transmission power lines, completed by Ms S Wessels on behalf of MasterQ Research (Client :Eskom; Project Manager: Margen Industrial Services/Pbai). • Assist with the development of Health Impact Assessment Guidelines (Client: Development Bank South Africa; Project Manager: Pbai). • Part of the PBAI team whom assisted the DBSA with the development of their Health Impact Assessment guidelines. • KAP survey to inform the Consumer Use Reduction and Awareness Campaign for the Western Highveld. Responsibilities: manage the research process (from sampling to writing reports), train fieldworkers and field manager, assist with development of campaign material (Client: DWAF and Western Highveld Municipalities; Project Manager: Tlou and Matji Engineering and Management Services, PBAI). • Human Capital Satisfaction Measurement Survey for City Power Johannesburg. Responsibilities: assist with questionnaire development, sampling, quantitative data capturing and analysis, draft report of quantitative results (Client: City Power; Project Manager: Hope Madikane-Otto research and Consulting - HMORC). Training Material Development • Assess the OVC database (Client: Save the Children; Project Manager: MasterQ Research). • Develop and pilot a training manual to roll out the OVC database (Client: Save the Children; Project Manager: MasterQ Research). .. Field work Page 70f8 Company Profile MasterQ Research (Pty) Ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterq.co.za www.masterq.co.za • Survey for the proposed NMPP from Durban to Heidelberg (Client: Golder Associates; Project Manager: MasterQ Research). • Language survey for Nu Metro (Client: De Facto; Project Manager: MasterQ Research). Market Research The following projects were undertaken by Anita, initially in her capacity as employee for a market research company, and also during later years as an independent consultant: • Retail brand assessment for the proposed Eskom logo change amongst Agrelek, Industrelek, Elektroserve and Elektrowise customers. Responsibilities: focus group discussions, analyse the results and compile the research presentations and reports (Client: Eskom; Project Manager: Brand Baro-Matrix). • DStv. Various concept assessments. Responsibilities: interviewing (Client: Ford Motor Company; Project Manager: De Facto). • Project Umazizi. Assessment of the needs and perceptions of a representative group of viewers of Zulu/Xhosa news bulletins. Responsibilities: project management, discussion guide development, projective technique development, analysis and report (Client: SABC; Project Manager: De Facto). • Project Women. Understanding the relationship between women's body image and food. Responsibilities: depth interviews and projective technique analysis (Client: Kellogg's; Project Manager: De Facto). • Ford Brand Image Development. Concept assessment. Responsibilities: depth interviewing, focus group discussions and data analysis (Client: Ford Motor Company; Project Manager: De Facto). • Observational study and change implementation of a shop environment. Responsibilities: observation, questionnaire design, analysis, report, change implementation (Client: SA Timber and Joinery Works; Project Manager: TaciTTeU). • Feasibility study. Course assessment and feasibility of Woema Graphic Design's proposed courses. Responsibilities: questionnaire design, statistical analysis, report (Client: Woema Graphic Design; Project Manager: Anita Bron). Page 8 of 8 Company Profile MasterQ Research (Pty) Ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterq.co.za www.masterq.co.za Date of birth 02 September 1969 Nationality South African and Dutch Language Afrikaans and English OTHER INFO Membership of Professional SA Monitoring and Evaluation Association Societies International Association for Impact Assessment Countries of work experience South Africa and Africa: Analysis of data from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; Botswana, Namibia. Qualifications MA (Research Psychology) MA (Social Impact Assessment) to be completed 2008 Page 9 of 8 Company Profile MasterQ Research (Pty) Ltd Curriculum Vitae Anita Bron Cell: 082 780 580 1 e-mail: anita@masterq.co.za www.masterq.co.za February 2003 ­ current July 2001-January 2003 Independent ConSUltant Facilitate focus group discussions, manage research projects, design discussion guides and questionnaires, analyse and present qualitative and quantitative data, Social Impact Assessments Apr 2000 - Jun 2001 De Facto as Research Executive Facilitate focus group discussions, manage research projects, design discussion guides and questionnaires, analyse and present qualitative and quantitative data Jan 1999 - Apr 2000 SABe as Researcher Analyse quantitative audience data, prepare presentations, manage research projects, conduct internal customer satisfaction surveys - Guest Lecturer, Department of Business Management, University of Johannesburg - Guest Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg A Bran, July 2008 Page 10 of 8 Curriculum Vitae CHRIS VAN ROOYEN DATE OF BIRTH: 30 April 1964 SPECIALIST FIELD: Avifauna RELEVANT WORK EXPERIENCE (PLSE SEE APPENDIX A FOR A MORE COMPREHENSIVE CAREER HISTORY) • 1991-1995: Volunteer for the Endangered Wildlife Trust's Raptor Conservation Group and Vulture Study Group. • 1996-2007: Specialist Consultant with the Endangered Wildlife Trust. Duties entailed the overall co-ordination and management of the Endangered Wildlife Trust's national programme to eliminate negative wildlife interactions with electrical utility structures in southern Africa • Since November 2007 to present: Environmental Consultant specialising in Bird Impact Assessment Studies and Project Management CLIENTS Industry • Eskom Distribution Division • Eskom Transmission Division • Eskom Research (Resources and Strategy) • Eskom Generation Division • Botswana Power Company • NamPower (Namibia) • Debswana (Botswana) • SAPPI • Texas Utility Company (USA) • TransPower (New Zealand) • South African Roads Agency Lead Consultants • Bohlweki Environmental • Strategic Environmental Focus • Tswelopele Environmental • Digby Wells Associates • Iliso Consulting • Savannah Environmental • PBA International • Arcus Gibb • Landscape Dynamics • BKS • Naledzi Environmental • Eyethu Engineers • Ninham Shand • WSP Environmental • Enviro Dynamics (Namibia) • Eco Assessments • Loci Environmental (Botswana) • SRK • Zitholele Consulting • EcoPlan (Namibia) • Groundwater Consultant Services - SA • CSIR Bird Impact Assessment Specialist Studies: For power lines: 66 For power stations: 2 For wind-powered generation facilities: 2 1. Chobe 33kV Distribution line 2. Athene - Umfolozi 400kV 3. Beta-Delphi 400kV 4. Cape Strengthening Scheme 765kV 5. Flurian-Louis-Trichardt 132kV 6. Ghanzi 132kV (Botswana) 7. Ikaros 400kV 8. Matimba-Witkop 400kV 9. Naboomspruit 132kV 10. Tabor-Flurian 132kV 11. Windhoek - Walvisbaai 220 kV (Namibia) 12. Witkop-Overyssel 132kV 13. Breyten 88kV 14. Adis-Phoebus 400kV 15. Dhuva-Janus 400kV 16. Perseus-Mercury 400kV 17. Gravelotte 132kV 18. Ikaros 400 kV 19. Khanye 132kV (Botswana) 20. Moropule - Thamaga 220 kV (Botswana) 21. Parys 132kV 22. Simplon -Everest 132kV 23. Tutuka-Alpha 400kV 24. Simplon-Der Brochen 132kV 25. Big Tree 132kV 26. Mercury-Ferrum-Garona 400kV 27. Zeus-Perseus 765kV 28. Matimba B Integration Project 29. Caprivi 350kV DC (Namibia) 30. Gerus-Mururani Gate 350kV DC (Namibia) 31. Mmamabula 220kV (Botswana) 32. Steenberg-Der Brochen 132kV 33. Venetia-Paradise T 132kV 34. Burgersfort 132kV 35. Majuba-Umfolozi 765kV 36. Delta 765kV Substation 37. Braamhoek 22kV 38. Steelpoort Merensky 400kV 39. Mmamabula Delta 400kv 40. Delta Epsilon 765kV 41. Gerus-Zambezi 350kV DC Interconnector: Review of proposed avian mitigation measures for the Okavango and Kwando River crossings 42. Giyani 22kV Distribution line 43. Liqhobong-Kao 132/11kV distribution power line, Lesotho 44. 132kV Leslie - Wildebeest distribution line 45. A proposed new 50 kV Spoornet feeder line between Sishen and Saldanha 46. Cairns 132kv substation extension and associated power lines 47. Pimlico 132kv substation extension and associated power lines 48. Gyani 22kV 49. Matafin 132kV 50. NkomaziJig Tree 132kV 51. Pebble Rock 132kV 52. Reddersburg 132kV 53. Thaba Combine 132kV 54. Nkomati 132kV 55. Louis Trichardt - Musina 132kV 56. Endicot 44kV 57. Apollo Lepini 400kV 58. Tarlton-Spring Farms 132kV 59. Kuschke 132kV substation 60. Bendstore 66kV Substation and associated lines 61. Kuiseb 400kV (Namibia) 62. Gyani-Malamulele 132kV 63. Watershed 132kV 64. Bakome 132kV substation 65. Eerstegoud 132kV LILa lines 66. Kumba Iron are: SWEP - Relocation of Infrastructure 67. Kudu Gas Power Station: Associated powerlines Bird Impact Assessment Studies for power stations 1. Open Cycle Gas Turbine Plants & The Associated Transmission Lines & Substation At Atlantis, Western Cape 2. Kangra Power Station: Siting Report Bird Impact Assessment Studies for wind-powered generation facilities 1. Klipheuwel Experimental Wind Power Facility 2. Kouga Wind Facility Western Cape Risk Assessments on existing electricity infrastructure: 18 1. Amandel 132kV 2. Atlanta 22kV 3. Butterworth-Ncora 66kV 4. Debswana Jwaneng 66kV (Botswana) 5. Edwardsdam - Mareetsane 88kV 6. Gaberone 132kV (Bostwana) 7. Lydenburg-Merensky 132kV 8. Tabor-Dendron 132kV 9. Vryheid-Bredasdorp 66kV 10. Vygeboom 132kV 11. Watershed-Mmabatho 88kV 12. Welgevonden 22kV network 13. Ferrum-Garona 275kV 14. Investigation into genet related faulting at the Perseus Substation, 15. North-West Transmission Region 16. Investigation into genet related faulting at the Helios Substation, 17. Western Transmission Region 18. Investigation into vulture electrocutions on staggered vertical reticulation structures in the Northern Cape Bird Impact Assessment Studies for non-power line developments: 20 1. Lizard Point Golf Estate 2. Lever Creek Estates 3. Leloko Lifestyle Estates 4. Vaaloewers Residential Development 5. Clearwater Estates Grass Owl Impact Study 6. Sommerset Ext. Grass Owl Study 7. Proposed Three Diamonds Trading Mining Project (Portion 9 and 15 of the Farm Blesbokfontein) 8. N17 Section: Springs To Leandra -"Borrow Pit 12 And Access Road On (Section 9, 6 And 28 Of The Farm Winterhoek 314 Ir) 9. South African Police Services Gauteng Radio Communication System: Portion 136 Of The Farm 528 Jq, Lindley. 10. Report for the proposed upgrade and extension of the Zeekoegat Wastewater Treatment Works/ Gauteng. 11. Bird Impact Assessment for Portion 265 (a portion of Portion 163) of the farm Rietfontein l89-JR, Gauteng. 12. Bird Impact Assessment Study for Portions 54 and 55 of the Farm Zwartkop 525 JQ, Gauteng. 13. Bird Impact Assessment Study Portions 8 and 36 of the Farm Nooitgedacht 534 JQ, Gauteng. 14. Shumba's Rest Bird Impact Assessment Study 15. Randfontein Golf Estate Bird Impact Assessment Study 16. Zilkaatsnek Wildlife Estate 17. Regenstein Communications Tower (Namibia) 18. Input into Richards Bay Comparative Risk Assessment Study 19. Maquasa West Open Cast Coal Mine 20. Proposed desalination plant and 132kV power line at Mile 6, Swakopmund, Namibia Environmental Impact Assessment Reports: 1 • Draft Environmental Impact Report for a proposed dam in the Mosetse River in Botswana Basic Assessments: 2 • Proposed temporary and permanent diversion of Lovato Road, Gauteng • Flood Management: Rosslyn East at Frans du Toit Road, City of Tshwane Section 24G of NEMA applications: 1 • Rectification application for the de-silting of the Kaalplaasspruit, Rosslyn, Papers and Conference Presentations: 1. Van Rooyen, C. S. 1996. Towards an Integrated Management System for the Management of Wildlife Interactions with Electricity Structures. Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Raptors p.9. Raptor Research Foundation/University of Urbino. 2. Van Rooyen, C.S. & Piper, S.E. 1997. The effects of Powerlines on Vultures. In: BOSHOFF, A.F., ANDERSON, M.D.& BORELLO; W.D. (Eds). Vultures in the 21 st Century: Proceedings of a workshop on vulture research and conservation in southern Africa. Johannesburg: Vulture Study Group: 102-104. 3. Kruger, R. & Van Rooyen, C.S. 1998. Evaluating the risk existing powerlines pose to large raptors by using risk assessment methodology: The Molopo case study. Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls (in press). Raptor Conservation Group/World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls. Midrand. South Africa. 4. Van Rooyen, C.S., Kruger, R., Nelson, P.A & Fedorsky, C.A. 1998. The Eskom/EWT Strategic Partnership: The South African Approach towards the Management of Wildlife/Utility Interactions. EEl Natural Resources/Biologist National Workshop.1998. Edison Electrical Institute, Washington, D.C. 5. Van Rooyen, C.S. 1998. Raptor mortality on powerlines in South Africa. Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls (in press.). Raptor Conservation Group/World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls. Midrand. South Africa 6. Van Rooyen, C.S. 1998. Experiences of Partnerships in South Africa. Conference Proceedings, Second NGO Conference on the Environment, November 3-5 1998. Gaberone, Botswana. 7. Van Rooyen, C.S. 1999. An overview of the Eskom-EWT Strategic Partnership in South Africa. EPRI Workshop On Avian Interactions with Utility Structures 2-3 December 1999, Charleston, South Carolina. 8. Van Rooyen, C.S. & Taylor, P.V. 1999. Bird Streamers as probable cause of electrocutions in South Africa. EPRI Workshop on Avian Interactions with Utility Structures 2-3 December 1999. Charleston, South Carolina. 9. Van Rooyen, C.S. 2000. An overview of vulture electrocutions in South Africa. Vulture News No.43. Endangered Wildlife Trust. Johannesburg, South Africa. 10. Van Rooyen, C.S. Vosloo, H.F. & R.E. I Harness. 2002. Eliminating bird streamers as a cause of faulting on transmission lines in South Africa. IEEE 46 th Rural Electric Power Conference. May 2002. Colorado Springs. Colorado. 11. Van Rooyen, C. 2003. Mitigation Programme for Avian Collisions with Eskom Transmission Lines. Unpublished Progress Report. Endangered Wildlife Trust. September 2003. 12. Smallie, J. & Van Rooyen, C. 2003. Risk assessment of bird interaction on the Hydra-Droerivier 1 and 2 400kV. Unpublished report to Eskom Transmission Group. Endangered Wildlife Trust. Johannesburg. South Africa 13. Kruger, R. Van Rooyen, C.S. & Maritz, A. 2003. The electrocution risk posed to vultures by vertically configured medium voltage designs. Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls, Budapest, Hungary, May 2003. 14. Van Rooyen, C. 2004. Report on vulture interactions with powerlines in southern Africa: 1996 to 2003. In: Monadjem, A., Anderson, M.D., Piper, S.E. & Boshoff, A.F. (Eds). The vultures of Southern Africa-Quo Vadis? Proceedings of a workshop on vulture research and conservation in southern Africa. Birds of Prey Working Group, Johannesburg. 15. Smallie, J. J & Van Rooyen, C.S..2005. Impact of Bird Streamers on Quality of Supply on Transmission Lines: A Case Study. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Benalmadena, Spain. 16. Jenkins, A. Van Rooyen, C.S., De Goede J.A, Matshikiza M.T. 2005. Managing raptor interactions with powerlines in South Africa. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Benalmadena, Spain. 17. Van Rooyen, C.S., Froneman A, Piper S, Michael M. 2006. Assessing the power line network in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa from a vulture interaction perspective. Proceedings of International Conference on Utility Line Structures, Fort Collins, Colorado, March 2006. Research Reports 1. Van Rooyen, C. Jenkins, A. De Goede, J. & Smallie J. 2003. Environmentally acceptable ways to minimise the incidence of power outages associated with large raptor nests on Eskom pylons in the Karoo: Lessons learnt to date. Project number 9RE-00005 / Rl127 Technology Services International. Johannesburg. South Africa. 2. Jenkins, A. De Goede, J. & Van Rooyen, C. 2004. Environmentally acceptable ways to minimise the incidence of power outages associated with large raptor nests on Eskom pylons in the Karoo. Project number R99-00754. Technology Services International. Johannesburg. South Africa. 3. Jenkins, A. De Goede, J. & Van Rooyen, C. 2005. Implementation of management recommendations stemming from the Eskom Electric Eagle Project (or EEEP Phase 5). Project number R99-007S4. Technology Services International. Johannesburg. South Africa. 4. Van Rooyen, C., Froneman A. & Piper S.E. 2004. The evaluation of vulture interactions with power lines in KwaZulu-Natal: Research Report RES/RR/04/24331. Eskom Resources and Strategy. 5. Van Rooyen, C. 2006. The evaluation of vulture interactions with power lines in KwaZulu-Natal: Phase Two. Research Report RES/RR/06/28111. Eskom Resources and Strategy. 6. Van Rooyen, C.S., Froneman A, Piper S. 2006. The quantification of risks that power lines pose to vultures in the greater Kimberley area. Research Report RES/RR/06/28106. Eskom Resources and Strategy. Book Chapters 1. Van Rooyen, C.S & Ledger J. A. 1999. Birds and Utility Structures: Developments in Southern Africa. In: Birds and Power lines: Collisions, Electrocution and Breeding. Ferrer M and Janss G FEEds. 2. Van Rooyen, C.S. 2004. The Management of Wildlife Interactions with overhead lines. In The fundamentals and practice of Overhead Line Maintenance (132kV and above), pp217-245. Eskom Technology, Services International, Johannesburg. Awards • The Eskom-EWT Strategic Partnership won the Edison Electric Institute Common Goals Award in the USA for outstanding electric utility customer and community relations programmes in 1997, from a field of 61 international entries from 49 countries. • The Eskom-EWT Strategic Partnership was a finalist in the 1998 and 2000 Green Trust Awards. • Eskom Manager's Award in 1997 for the management of animal interactions. • Eskom Manager's Award in 1999 for environmental management. • Highly Commended Award in 2001 for Business Efficiency from Eskom Transmission Group. • Nominated for Eskom Chairman's Award in 2001 in Environmental Category • Runner-up: Eskom Resources and Strategy manager's award 2003 • Listed in Marqui's Who's Who in the World 2007 edition • Northern Cape Raptor Conservationist of the Year: 2004 Other interests/activities • I am a professional wildlife photographer and have been conducting photo safaris and courses since 2004 in my free time. My special interest is bird photography, and my photos have appeared in numerous publications both in SA and abroad. I have also received merit awards in the Agfa, Fuji and BBC Wildlife Photographic Awards competitions. • I am an accomplished bird artist and have done several stamps designs for the South African Post Office. I am also a co-illustrator of Roberts Birds of South Africa 7th Edition and the Roberts Field Guide to the Birds of Southern Africa 2007. Chris van Rooyen APPENDIX A: Career history My formal training is in the legal sciences. I studied at the Rand Afrikaans University where I obtained my LLB in 1990, and I was admitted as an advocate in 1994. However, my interest and passion has always been for the natural sciences, particularly the study of birds. I therefore had no regrets when I abandoned my legal career to pursue a career in conservation in 1996. I started my formal employment in the conservation field at the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) in April 1996. Prior to that I was a volunteer and member of the management committees of the Raptor Conservation Group and Vulture Study Group (now amalgamated under the Birds of Prey Working Group of the Endangered Wildlife Trust). I was offered the position of working group manager in April 1996 by Dr. John Ledger, then Director of the EWT, and my brief was to develop a strategic partnership with Eskom, aimed at reducing the conflicts between electriCity infrastructure and wildlife, particularly birds. Broadly speaking, my duties entailed the following: • Strategic and operational liaison with electricity utilities, academic institutions and conservation bodies (senior management down to field staff) • Initiation and co-ordination of strategic research initiatives on wildlife interaction with the electricity infrastructure to ensure appropriate mitigation strategies. • Implementing a research programme on the prevention of wildlife and industry conflicts consisting of various projects to a total annual value of about R500 000. • Conducting specialist investigations on the impact of existing and proposed electricity infrastructure on avifauna and vice versa. • Auditing the implementation by Eskom of mitigation measures that had been recommended by the EWT During my eleven and a half years at the EWT, I vigorously applied my energy and skills in order to become an authority in the field of wildlife conflicts with industry, both locally and internationally. Prior to the establishment of the Eskom-EWT StrategiC Partnership, the South African experience with regard to wildlife interactions and electricity structures was generally characterised by an ad hoc approach, fragmented documentation, inconsistency of data and few "before and after" studies. I worked hard to systematically address these issues in order to place the entire management of this complex problem on a firm SCientific footing. In summary, my career since 1996 rested on two main pillars namely conservation action and applied research. The applied research is largely in the field of wildlife interactions with electriCity infrastructure. This requires a thorough understanding of birds and their interactions with the enVironment, both natural and artificial. I also developed a special expertise in the field of bird interaction with electricity infrastructure, in which I am currently the leading African authority. My work at the EWT centred on the following key objectives: • The design and maintenance of a national incident register for wildlife­ electricity interactions. This was to ensure the identification of areas of high importance for biodiversity and quality of supply, and to track the implementation of mitigation measures. This data was analysed in order to design the best possible mitigation measures for each individual situation. • The ongoing research, development and implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce negative wildlife interactions with electricity infrastructure. • Capacity building within the electricity industry through dedicated training of Eskom staff in all aspects of wildlife interaction, management on the Eskom grid. • Ongoing investigations into all aspects of wildlife interactions with electricity infrastructure. • Conducting speCialist studies on the potential impacts of power lines on birds as part of environmental impact studies for new power lines. • Comprehensive reporting to the electricity industry on all issues of wildlife interaction with the electricity grid through detailed quarterly reports to Eskom. • Strategic input into Eskom's environmental poliCies. • One of the most important objectives of my work was to ensure that scientific input was obtained on a continuous basis to inform the proposed mitigation strategies. It was furthermore my duty to ensure that the scientific community remained informed of new qevelopments in this field through contributions at scientific conferences and workshops. Apart from regular contributions at scientific conferences and symposia, I also developed a comprehensive research portfolio funded by Eskom Research. This resulted in a continuous flow of research reports to Eskom on various issues pertaining to wildlife and power lines. These reports were used to inform Eskom's environmental management strategies pertaining to wildlife interaction management. Below I have attempted to summarise the important milestones in my career since 1996: • I established a national incident register for wildlife interactions for the whole of South Africa in 1996. This was the first attempt ever to quantify the incidence of wildlife mortality on electrification structures on a national scale. By November 2007, the register had 2953 records of wildlife mortality. This register serves as an important management and analyses tool to track the implementation of mitigation measures all over South Africa, and is used to inform the design of suitable mitigation measures for each individual locality. The data from this register is also used in multiple other ways, such as to identify the species that are most impacted upon and to discover trends in wildlife mortality. • Formal recognition of wildlife interaction mitigation implementation as a key performance indicator in the Eskom Distribution Division. This important milestone ensures that the necessary incentive is there for recommendations to be implemented to reduce wildlife mortality. • Formal recognition of a specialist bird impact assessment study as a standard component of all environmental impact processes for new Transmission lines. This was a key development in that it provided, for the first time, a scientific platform to assess the possible impacts of a proposed new line on birds. I did the first ever specialist bird impact assessment study for a transmission line in 2000. . • By September 2007, 874 investigations into wildlife mortality on power lines had been completed under my supervision. I developed a standard protocol for these investigations which were performed by the staff of the EWT and myself. This has resulted in thousands of kilometres of power line being modified to prevent further wildlife mortality. • One of my most important tasks was to act as ornithological consultant on the Natiol')al Bird Guard Project Team. This was a multidisciplinary team operating within the Eskom Transmission Division that had to address the faulting caused by birds on transmission lines. The work did by this team resulted in the fitting of perch deterrents on 10 OOOkm of transmission lines at a cost of R38m. This resulted in a 76% reduction of bird induced faults on the national transmission grid within 12 months. • In 2001, I was approached by a USA utility company (in Texas) to assist them in reducing the bird faulting on a problematic transmission line. After investigations I developed a mitigation strategy for the line which resulted in a 98% reduction in faulting caused by birds. I subsequently consulted to other utilities in the USA and in New Zealand. I also regularly worked in Namibia and Botswana. • I assisted with the development of the Bird Flapper, a South African device developed to reduce bird collisions with power lines. • I presented the first ever training in electricity-wildlife interaction management to delegates of the Southern African Power Pool community in Kinshasa in the DRC. It was a major breakthrough when wildlife interaction training was included as a standard component of Eskom's training syllabus. • The Edison Electric Institute Common Goals Award in the USA was awarded to the Eskom-EWT Partnership within one year of becoming operational, from a field of 61 international entries from 49 countries. In the course of my career at the EWT, I received four awards from Eskom in recognition of the work that I did in improving their environmental management systems. I was also nominated for an Eskom's Chairman's Award and was voted Northern Cape Raptor Conservationist of the Year by the Northern Cape Raptor Forum in 2004. The Eskom-EWT Strategic Partnership was a finalist in the 1998 and 2000 Green Trust Awards. • I have been instrumental in several large research projects under the auspices of the Eskom-EWT Strategic Partnership. The research reports to which I contributed that resulted from these projects are listed below. The knowledge that was gained from this research resulted in vastly improved mitigation strategies for wildlife and power line conflicts throughout South Africa. The total research portfolio that I managed at EWT was in the order of about R500 000 a year. • In 2005 I was one of a handful of international experts that was requested by the Avian Power Line Interaction Committee in the USA to review the next edition of the authoritative Suggested Practices for Mitigating Bird Electrocutions on Power Lines: The State of the Art in 2005. I made sure that the lessons that I learnt through my research in southern Africa was included. • In July 2006 it was stipulated by the Directorate of Nature Conservation in Gauteng (GDACE) as part of their requirements for biodiversity assessments that where a development involves overhead lines (power lines or telephone lines) I must provide specialist input into the management plan. • In 2005 I acted as co-supervisor (together with Dr. Alan Urick) for a masters degree in Engineering Business Management from the University of Warwick that dealt with the costs of electricity faults caused by birds on the Eskom grid. Since my resignation from the EWT in November 2007/ I continue to act as an advisor to Eskom and other industries on the management of wildlife, (particularly bird) conflicts with industrial infrastructure and developments. I have since broadened my scope beyond the electricity industry to general bird impact related work e.g., the impact of non electricity related industrial and residential developments on birds. In 2008/ I was aPPointed as specialist consultant for a three­ year period to assist the Namibian power utility, NamPower, and the Namibia Nature Foundation to forge a strategic partnership along the lines of the Eskom-EWT Strategic Partnership. ( Curriculum Vitae David Dyason DEMACON Personal Details Surname Dyason Names David Date of Birth 3 March 1982 Nationality RSA Profession Economist, Property Market Analyst Key Qualifications David was recruited by Demacon Market Studies in 2007. He is analytically minded with a Masters degree in Economics and a degree in Tourism and Business management. which he obtained from the University of Potchefstroom (North West University). He has 3 years field related experience and a high level of interpersonal interaction combined with sound problem analysis capacity. He also has well-developed interpersonal planning and economic modelling skills, with a keen interest in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Expertise ,/ Local Economic Development Strategies ,/ Sector Strategies (Tourism) ,/ Business Plans ,/ Retail studies ,/ Socio-economic studies and surveys ,/ Real estate market studies (office sector, industrial, warehousing & distribution, tourism, conferencing) Academic Qualifications Institution (Date from ­ Date to) Degree(s) or Diploma(s) or Certificate(s) obtained: North West University. 2001 2003 Bachelors Degree Tourism & Business Management & Economics North West University, 2004 Honours Degree - Economics North West University, 2005 Masters Degree Economics Employment Record 2007 - Date: DEMACON Market Studies 2006 - 2007: Urban-Econ Development Economists ( Curriculum Vitae David Dyason DEMACON Language Proficiency Reading Writing Speaking Afrikaans Excellent Excellent Excellent English Excellent Excellent Excellent Projects Successfully Completed 2006: ./ Schuinsdraai Nature Reserve Strategy ./ Baviaanskloof Business Plan ./ Gautrain Variant Alignment ./ Coega Industrial Study 2007: ./ Windhoek LED ./ Waterberg District LED ./ Ngwathe LED ./ Makhado Municipality Business Plans ./ Atterbury Towers Market Study ./ Monavoni Mall Study ./ Trans-Oranje Retail Study ./ Klarinet Housing Market Study ./ Willow Park Industrial Study ./ Powerville Retail Study ./ Louwlardia ext 44 Retail Study 2008 (to date): ./ ABSA Tshwane West Study ./ Bakenberg Retail Study ./ Deneysville Residential Study ./ HASS-Phonak Market Study ./ Limpopo Retail Study ./ Mafikeng Retail Study ./ Musina Industrial Study ./ Kathu Market Study ./ Zeerust Economic Study Curriculum Vitae Hein du Toit Personal Details Surname Du Toit Names Hein Date of Birth 12 February 1972 Nationality RSA Profession Development Economist & Real Estate Analyst Key Qualifications Hein du Toit. Hein du Toit is the Managing Director and, as sector specialist, founding member of DEMACON Market Studies, Hein is a specialist development economist and expert real estate analyst. He obtained a degree in Town and Regional Planning (Cum Laude) at the University of Pretoria in 1994 and a Masters Degree (MSc) in real estate market studies in 2002 (Cum Laude), He has also completed a specialist course in shopping centre management - the Certificate in Shopping Centre Management (CSCM) in 2005 (Cum Laude), Hein is in process of reading his PhD in real estate market studies and impact modelling techniques, His research has been published in, inter alia, the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, Hein was also invited to read a paper on his research at the International Real Estate Conference in Brisbane in January 2003, He has successfully completed a number of certificate courses, Heln has 14 years field related experience, He is a member of the SA Property Owners Association, SA Council of Shopping Centres and SA Planning Institution, He has been extensively involved in real estate market studies both locally and beyond SA borders, including Botswana, Central African Republic, Swaziland, Namibia and People's Republic of China, His fields of expertise include, inter alia, real estate market studies, urban and rural economics, and economic impact assessments, His client base includes, inter alia, SA's leading commercial banks, listed funds, private funds, investors and developers, advocates' chambers, attorneys, economic development agencies at all tiers of government, parastatals, etc, Hein prides himself in providing sound, expert advice and in developing professional client relations, As such, he is an asset to any client, whether in an individual capacity or as part of a multidisciplinary project team, Expertise .I' Retail studies .I' Economic Impact Assessments .I' Real estate mixed use market studies (office sector, industrial, warehousing & distribution, tourism, conferencing) .I' Socio-economic studies and surveys .I' Project management ( Curriculum Vitae CEMACON Hein du Toit ./ Economic sector analysis ./ Demand & supply modelling ./ Urban renewal programmes ./ Investment strategies ./ Business planning and consulting Academic Qualifications Institution (Date from - Date to) Degree(s) or Diploma(s) or Certificate(s) obtained: University of Pretoria (Cum Laude), 1991 - 1994 BTRP University of Pretoria (Cum Laude), 1999 - 2002 MSc (Real Estate) University of Pretoria in association with SAPOA, 2005 Certificate in Shopping Centre Management (CSCM) (Cum Laude) University of Pretoria (2006, in process) PhD (Real Estate) MSC Dissertation: Appraisal of the Fischer-DiPasquale-Wheaton (FDW) Real Estate Model and Development of an Integrated Property and Asset Market Model (lPAMM). Hein was invited to read a paper on his dissertation at the International Real Estate Conference in Brisbane in January 2003. This paper was published in the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences. PhD Thesis: Real Estate Market Potential Modelling Techniques (in process) Condensed list of Project Experience ./ Ningbo Super Regional Mall Market Study (People's Republic of China) ./ GOPE Mine Impact Assessment (Botswana) ./ Menlyn Maine Mixed Use Precinct Market Analysis ./ Blue Mountain Mixed Use Market Analysis ./ Zonki'Zizwe Mixed Use Precinct Impact Assessment ./ Rainbow Junction Mixed Use Precinct ./ The Villa Mixed Use Precinct ./ Zwartkoppies Mixed Use Precinct ./ Zambezi Mixed Use Precinct ./ Mall of the North Mixed Use Market Study ./ Irene Mall Market Study ./ Highveld Mall Market Study ./ Jabulani Mall Market Study ./ Woodlands Mall Market Study ./ Kolonnade Retail Park Market Study ./ Kolonnade Expansion Market Study DEM~CDN Curriculum Vitae Hein du Toit ./ Limpopo Provincial Retail Market Analysis (2004 & 2008) ./ Swaziland Retail Market Analysis ./ Nelspruit CBD Renewal Plan (2000 & 2005) ./ George CBD Renewal Plan ./ Timbali Floriculture and Nutraceutical Technology Incubator Business Plan (European Union Funds) ./ Chief Albert Luthuli Integrated Human Settlement Market Study ./ Cosmo City Intregrated Human Settlement Market Study ./ Doornkop Integrated Human Settlement Market Study ./ Sol Plaatjie LED Review ./ Zeerust Socio-Economic Sector Analysis and Development Plan - Neighbourhood Development Programme ./ Saldanha IDZ Market Research CURRICULUM VITAE - STEFANUS FRANCOIS DE WET Name Stefanus Francois de Wet Profession Ecologist - Environmental Impact Assessments Date of Birth 6 March 1959 Nationality South African Languages English excellent in speaking, reading and writing Afrikaans - excellent in speaking, reading and writing French currently learning to speak Zulu - poor in speaking, reading and writing Name of Firm Enviropulse cc (sole member) Years with Firm/Entity 9 Years as freelance environmental consultant Membership with Professional Societies Grassland Society of Southern Africa Botanical Society of South Africa Driver's licence Code 08 Criminal record None 1. KEY QUALIFICATIONS Francois qualified with a Masters degree in Wildlife Management (University of Pretoria. South Africa) after 24 months of fieldwork in the Kruger National Park under the guidance of Professor Van Hoven. He joined the Division of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Transvaal Provincial Administration in 1984. directly after completing the fieldwork on his MSc degree and was responsible for game farms and provincial parks as regional ecologist in the areas between the Olifants. Pongola and Vaal Rivers. He was employed by the Mpumalanga Parks Board as an ecologist from 1992 until 1999. In 1999 Francois established his own business. Enviropulse cc. from which he provides a service as an independent ecological consultant, based in Ermelo. Mpumalanga Province. South Africa. . Key assignments of relevance include specialist studies as part of environmental impact assessments and scoping reports, where Francois provides ecological recommendations based on soil and vegetation surveys. Soil and geology is used as basis for interpreting the environment and identifying sensitive habitats. Sensitive areas are highlighted together with mitigations to allow development as far as possible. without compromising on the integrity of the ecological surveys and complying with statutory requirements. Francois consulted for engineering companies and landscape architects and environmental planners on mining areas, wildlife sanctuaries (including Kruger National Park and game reserves). urban areas and included ecological impact assessments and management plans for areas affected by pipelines. power lines. roads and the construction of lodges. A list of environmental scoping and impact assessments and ecological planning reports that include soil and/or vegetation mapping to landscape architects and environmental planners and engineering companies are provided in paragraph 3.1.1 below. Francois also consulted on power line servitude management for South Africa's main electricity provider (Eskom). Recommendations included information necessary for determining fault risk directly as result of fires. large birds and lightning. Other assignments include rehabilitation of degraded rangelands and erosion control through soil amelioration in Kruger National Park and the adjacent wildlife areas such as Sabi Sand Game Reserve (currently in Timbavati Game Reserve). Wet season activities include rangeland monitoring, plant diversity assessments and wildlife management recommendations for game farms on semi-arid savannas to temperate grasslands, in a number of wildlife sanctuaries and game reserve areas (including Sabi Sands Game Reserve) and for forestry clients on grasslands within a number of provinces include assessments in the Soutpansberg, Drakensberg. Mpumalanga highveld and Kwazulu-Natal coastal and mistbelt grasslands. Francois also consulted on rangeland management for domestic farms in the Free State and Eastern Cape Provinces. 2. EDUCATION • MSc (Wildlife Management) - UniverSity of Pretoria (1982-1984. full time: 1984-1988 part time). • BSc Hons (Wildlife Management) - University of Pretoria (1981). • BSc (Botany and Zoology) University of Port Elizabeth (1977-1980). 3. EMPLOYMENT RECORD 3.1 Independent Ecological Consultant (April 1999 to date) Francois operates as an independent consultant (Enviropulse cc) that specialises in ecological impact assessments and environmental studies through soil and vegetation surveys. Environmental scoping studies, impact assessments, environmental management plans, scoping studies and rangeland management have formed a large proportion of assignments since April 1999. 3.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessments and Environmental Studies Soil and vegetation studies include surveys and mapping of ecological data to highlight ecological sensitive areas (sensitive in terms of rare or threatened plant and animal species or sensitive soils, in terms of its erodability). This is mainly done to assist clients in decision making when planning and constructing buildings, power lines and roads both in urban areas (urban development) and within the natural environment (e.g. Developing lodges and planning of road networks within nature reserves such as the Kruger National Park). A soil and vegetation study performed in Morocco further included guidelines for game management and wildlife stocking rates. Francois also performed the ground truthing of degradation maps derived from satellite images in Lesotho and Kruger National Park through soil and vegetation surveys. Francois compiled a soil map of the Pilanesberg - and Madikwe Park expansion areas in the Heritage Park, North West Province. Application of soil and vegetation knowledge applies with construction roads, water pipelines and power lines or other construction. Terrain morphology is also taken into account at studies to determine electrical fault risk prior to the erection of electricity transmission lines. Soil and vegetation client references are listed in Appendix A (refer A 1). 3.1.2 Other consulting experience Francois consults on rangeland management in a number of provinces throughout South Africa. In 2004 he presented a Fire Management Course to game rangers from Mozambique to assist them in assessing and managing grass fuel loads within nature reserves. Rangeland surveys client references are listed in Appendix A (refer A2). 3.2 Regional Ecologist: Mpumalanga Parks Board (July 1992 - April 1999) As Regional Ecologist for the Mpumalanga Parks Board (Eastern Transvaal Area) Francois was responsible for the ecological management of three nature reserves within Mpumalanga (I.e. the Mthethomusha Game Reserve, Nooitgedacht Dam Nature Reserve and Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve). Wildlife management plans were set up and coordinated with the assistance of team members within the Research and Development Division and input was given for the Mawewe- and Mananga-Masebikela Cattle/Game Projects. Responsibilities on the Provincial Nature/Game Reserves included recommendations of annual game number reductions correlated with rangeland monitoring and management. The soils on the Lowveld reserves were classified as part of the ecological management plans for these areas. 3.3 Regional Ecologist: Transvaal Provincial Administration (June 1984 - July 1992) • Responsibilities as Regional Ecologist at the Division of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Transvaal Provincial Administration (TPA) included ecological management of four nature reserves (Le. the Suikerbosrant Nature Reserve Pongola Game Reserve, Nooitgedacht Nature Reserve and Bronkhorstspruit Nature Reserve). Duties included the classification and/or mapping of soil and vegetation on these reserves. Responsibilities and jurisdiction were not limited to the assigned nature reserves but also included other conservation areas. • Wildlife management recommendations were given to private game reserves and game farms between the Vaal River, Pongola River and Olifants River, which included the introduction of game and the estimation of game numbers. Resource management courses were presented frequently as a joint effort from the Regional Ecologists of TPA to game rangers of the provincial nature reserves/game reserves. 4. REFERENCES • Graham Deall, Pastor NCMI Nelspruit, previously Director of Ecorex CC Tel: +27-13 751 3491. Cell: +27-828872129 mailto:ecorex@iafrica.com • Peter Velcich, V&L Landscape Architects & Environmental Planners, Pretoria. Tel: +27 12346 1289 Cell: +27 82 442 0220 mailto:pete@vrl.co.za • Menno Klapwijk or Alan Cave, CKA and Associates (Landscape Architects & Environmental Planners) Tel: +27 123624684 Cell: +2783255 81261Alan Cave) mailto:cka@mweb.co.za • Kevan Zuncie, Ecological Consultant, Golder, previously Director R&D MPB, Head Office Nelspruit, Cell: +27-829294270 Tel: +27 (0) 33-3453166 mailto: zunckelk@gmail.com; kzunckle@golder.co.za APPENDIX A - DETAILED CLIENT REFERENCES A.l Environmentallmpa-::t Assessments and Environmental Studies • Fire Risk Assessment Aerial assessments of ESKOM's Transmission line servitudes via helicopter at the Eastern Cape Region (2008). [Client reference: Chris Austin, CEO, Working on Fire International, Perth, Australia SA +27(0} 83 459 0504J. • Chemical Amelioration and Restoration of Mpunzi mining sites near Ogies, Mpumalanga (2008). [Client reference: Sindiswa GidimL Environmental Manager, Philo Environmental Management. Ermelo, +27(0} 83525 6988J. • Chemical Amelioration and Restoration of Tselentis mining sites near Ermelo, Mpumalanga (2008). [Client reference: Sindiswa Gidimi, Environmental Manager, Philo Environmental Management, Ermelo, +27(O} 83525 6988J. • Chemical Amelioration and Restoration of Degraded KLF plantation areas near Sabie, Mpumalanga (2008). [Client reference: Jan Huyser, Environmental Manager, KLF, Sabie, +27836278607J. • Chemical Amelioration and Restoration of Degraded areas in Timbavati Private Game Reserve (2008). [Client reference: Jacques Britz, Head Ranger, Timbavati PGR, Hoedspruit, +27 15793 2394J. • Ecological Scoping Report Botswana Gas Pipeline Project. (2008). [Client reference: Leonie Marais, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Ecological Scoping Report - Nkomati/Ngodwana/Prairie power lines. (2008). [Client reference: Leonie Marais, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Scotston Development, Barberton Ecological sensitivity report - (2008). [Client reference: Steve Henwood, Velcich & Louw (V&L) Landscape Architects Environmental Planners, Nelspruit, +2778672 3645J. • Environmental Management Plan, Ecological Report - Zeus-Mercury Power Line Phase 1. (2008). [Client reference: Louise Bester, SiVEST Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 83 787 2615]. • Ecological Scoping Report Flora and Ecological Sensitivity for the construction of Tailings for the TGME Mine, Pilgrims Rest. Mpumalanga (SA). (2008). [Client reference: Andrew Johnson, GCS Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 83 65457261. • Ecological Scoping Report - Flora and Ecological Sensitivity for the construction of Tailings for the DG's Mine, Pilgrims Rest. Mpumalanga (SA). (2008). [Client reference: Andrew Johnson, GCS Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 83 654 5726]. • Ecological Scoping Report - Flora and Ecological Sensitivity for the construction of Tailings for the TGME Mine, Sabie, Mpumalanga (SA). (2008). [Client reference: Andrew Johnson, GCS Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental ConSUltants, Johannesburg, +27 83 654 5726J. • Ecological Impact Assessment Report Dry Season Flora Assessment and Ecological Sensitivity for best ecological route for the Leslie-Wildebeest power lines. (2008). [Client reference: Leonie Marais, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Ecological Scoping Report - Soil and Vegetation Assessment and Ecological Sensitivity for best ecological route for the Leslie-Wildebeest power lines. (2008). [Client reference: Leonie Marais, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Vegetation Survey and Ecological Sensitivity Report, Black Eagle Valley Urban Development Project, Waterval Boven, Mpumalanga (SA). 2007. [Client reference: Riaan Visagie, Ec08, Nelspruit. Mpumalanga (SA), +27825200461]. • Vegetation and Soil Survey and Ecological Sensitivity Report. Luvuvhu Water Pipeline Project. Louis Trichardt. Limpopo (SA). 2007. [Client reference: Cave, Klapwijk and Associates, Pretoria, +27 83 255 8127]. • Ecological Report Soil and Vegetation Assessment and Ecological Sensitivity for the construction of new power lines at Uitkyk Substation, Middelburg, Mpumalanga (SA). (2007). [Client reference: Jean Beater, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130J. • Ecological Scoping Report - Soil and Vegetation Assessment and Ecological Sensitivity on Uthla farm as part of EIA for ecotourism development. (2007). [Client reference: lain Garret. Ecotechnik. Nelspruit. Mpumalanga (SA), +27 137552218]. • Ecological Report - Soil and Vegetation Assessment and Ecological Sensitivity on Blesbokspruit farm as part of EIA for mining application. (2007). [Client reference: Leonie Marais, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Ecological Impact Assessment Report Vredefort Extended Project. (2007). [Client reference: Jean Beater. PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Ecological Specialist Report Fire Risk and Environmental Assessment on existing and new ESKOM power lines for EIA Mmamabula-Delta 400kV Transmission Integration Project. (2007). [Client reference: Stuart Dunsmore, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental ConSUltants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Ecological Report Mercury Substation Environmental Planning Report (2007). [Client reference: Stuart Dunsmore. PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130]. • Ecological Report - Perseus Substation Environmental Planning Report (2007). [Client reference: Stuart Dunsmore. PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg, +27 11 646 5130). • Ecological report - Environmental Impact Assessment on new ESKOM power lines Zeus - Mercury - Perseus (2006). [Client reference: Stuart Dunsmore, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental ConSUltants, Johannesburg, +27 11 6465130]. • Zeus-Perseus and Zeus-Mercury 765kV Transmission Line EIA Ecological Report. 2006. [Client reference: Stuart Dunsmore PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants. Johannesburg, +27 11 6465130]. • Leloko Substation EIA (De Rust, Magaliesberg Protected Area) Ecological Reports, 2006 & 2007. [Client reference: Jean Beater, PBA International (SA) Pty Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants, Johannesburg. +27 11 6465130]. • ESKOM - Research Project under transmission power lines: Fuel load/grass composition fire experiment for Bankenveld, Veld Type 61, (2003). [Client reference: Hein Vosloo, +27 82 8098374 and Prof Winston Trollope, +27 82 200 3373]. • Ecological survey to determine fire risk hot spots, as part of an EMP for power lines between Nelspruit and Machadodorp, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, 2000. [Client reference: Butch Rossouw, PB, Australia, +61 40500 3280]. • Ecological survey by helicopter on ESKOM major transmission lines in South Africa to determine fire risk hotspots as part of EMP report. 2000. [Client reference: Butch Rossouw, PB, Australia, +61 405003280]. • Broad Soil and Vegetation patterns, Hamelfontein Development (Grootdraaidam), Mpumalanga. . [Client reference: Pieter Kotze, Clear Stream Ecological Services, Malelane, +27 82 890 6452]. • Soil Maps for the Tselentis and Verkeerdepan Mining Areas, Mpumalanga, 2007. [Client reference: Pieter Kotze, Clear Stream Ecological Services, Malelane, +2782890 6452J. • Soil Map for the Spitskop Mining Area,' Mpumalanga, 2007. [Client reference: Pieter Kotze, Clear Stream Ecological Services, Malelane, +27828906452]. • Broad Soil Patterns for Management Plan for the Crocodile Gorge Conservancy, Kaap Muiden, Mpumalanga. 2007. [Client reference: Rhengu Safaris, Ralf Kalwa, Malelane, +27824147088]. • Soil amelioration and first grassland rehabilitation results at the Hiddendale farm, Dullstroom, Mpumalanga, 2007. [Client reference: Anthony Hare, +27836087845]. • Vegetation surveys at Harmonie Farm, Dullstroom Mpumalanga, 2007. [Client reference: Les Kennedy, +27823377178]. • Soil survey at Mutlumuvi Concession, Rhino Post Safari. Kruger National Park 2007. [Client reference: Peter Velcich, V &L Landscape Architects, Pretoria, +2782442 -220]. • Vegetation surveys to ground truth degradation information from satellite images with the Lesotho Range Management Department - Lesotho, 2007. [Client reference: Jessica Hughes, +27 83 657 5125]. • EI Maha Hunting Estate, Morocco - Ecological Report for Private Department of Sheikh Zayed Sons, 2006. [Client reference: Van Riet & Louw Landscape Architects, Pretoria, +27 12346 1490]. • Mutlumuvi Soil Erosion Project, Kruger National Park - Soil Amelioration and Veld Restoration Report for the South African National Parks Board, 2006. [Client reference: Dr Freek Venter and Steven Whitfield, Skukuza and Tsjokwane, Kruger National Park, +27 137354320/+27 137355902]. • Umzimvubu Special Intervention on Soil Erosion Project - Soil Report for South African Department of Agriculture, 2006. [Client reference: Ninham Shand Environmental Department. East London, +27 43 735 1307]. • Grassland Rehabilitation Project, Hiddendale Farm, Dullstroom, Mpumalanga, 2006. [Client reference: Anthony Hare, Johannesburg, +27 11 3055820]. • Savanna Rehabilitation Project. Mount Blyde Game Farm, Hoedspruit. Northern Province, 2006. [Client reference: Johan Willemse, Pretoria, +27 123466220]. • Urban Development - Ecological Report Qua-Qua Municipal Development, 2006. [Client reference: Van Riet & Louw Landscape Architects, Pretoria, +27 12346 1490J. • Urban Development - Ecological Report - Sasolburg Municipal Development. 2006. [Client reference: Van Riet & Louw Landscape Architects, Pretoria, +27 12346 1490]. • Urban Development Ecological Report - Trompsburg Municipal Development, 2006. [Client reference: Van Riet & Louw Landscape Architects, Pretoria, +27123461490]. • First reconnaissance study for commercial forestry potential - Wetland Delineation, Warburton IT 72 # 1 and Spioenkop IT 73 # 2, 2006. [Client reference: Shaun McCartney. Global Forest Products, Sabie, +27836274188]. • Ecological report for commercial forestry potential: Soil and Vegetation Map and Land Use Recommendations London Grassland Area, 2006. [Client reference: Shaun McCartney, Global Forest Products, Sabie, +27836274188]. • Ecological report for commercial forestry potential: Soil and Vegetation Map and Land Use Recommendations - Longridge Forestry Area, 2006. [Client reference: Shaun McCartney, Global Forest Products. Sabie, +27 83 627 4188]. • Soil mapping and Ecological report (including vegetation) for Madikwe & Pilanesberg Expansion Areas in the Heritage Park, North West Province (part of Vegetation and Soils report of Dr Marc Stalmans), 2003. [Client reference: Marc Stalmans. +2782561 4598]. • Mining development - scoping reports - Soil classification at Steelpoort mines (Limpopo Province). 1.999. [Client reference: Kotie Herholdt. +2782607 1058]. • Urban development. construction of roads and pipelines Soils and Vegetation - Magalieskruin Development; Kloofzicht Game Farm, Johannesburg; Jericho Dam Morgenstond Dam Pipeline, Lothair and Mabopane Sensitivity Reports, 2004 and Scoping Report - Hans Strijdom Road, Pretoria, 2005. [Client reference: Cave, Klapwijk and Associates, +27 123620394]. • Soil and vegetation surveys to ground truth land type information from satellite images for the Department of Agriculture - Kruger National Park, Sabi Sands Game Reserve and surroundings, 1999. [Client reference: Hennie van den Berg, +27828781 760]. A.2 Other experience (Annual Grassland Monitoring & Flora Diversity Assessments I Management and fire management training) • YORK TIMBERS [Client reference: Shaun McCartney. Er)vironmental Officer, Sabie, +27836274188]. • KLF [Client reference: Chris Forster, Environmental Officer, Nelspruit, +2783 677 0839]. • SAPPI [Client reference: Peta Hardy, Environmental Officer. White River. +2783661 7026]. • MONDI PAPER PRODUCTS [Client reference: Jacqui Shuttleworth, Environmental Officer, Richmond, KZN, +27 82 5788091]. • PG BISON, NECF [Client reference: Helen Lechmere-Oertel, Environmental Officer, Ugie, Eastern Cape Province, +27 83 421 6872]. • MONDI SHANDUKA NEWSPRINT [Client reference: Doug Burden, Environmental Officer. Pietermaritzburg, KZN, +2782825 8425J. • PFP FORESTS, Swaziland [Client reference: Ndumiso Ngozo, Environmental Officer, Pig's Peak, Swaziland, 002684371188J. • Fire Management Course presented on behalf of Prof W. Trollope, 2004. [Client reference: Prof W. Troilope, Fort Beaufort, +2782200 3373J. BRIEF CURRICULUM VITAE: JULIUS CORNELIUS CHRISTIAAN PISTORIUS Profession Archaeologist, Museologist (Museum Scientists), Lecturer, Heritage Guide Trainer and Heritage Management Consultant Qualifications SA (Archaeology, Anthropology and Psychology) (UP, 1976) SA (Hons) Archaeology (distinction) (UP, 1979) MA Archaeology (distinction) (UP, 1985) D Phil Archaeology (UP, 1989) Post Graduate Diploma in Museology (Museum Sciences) (UP, 1981) Work experience Museum curator and archaeologist in Rustenburg (1980-1983) Museum curator and archaeologist in Phalaborwa (1984) Head and senior museum scientist in the Department of Archaeology, National Cultural History Museum in Pretoria (1988-1989) Lecturer and senior lecturer in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Pretoria (1990-2003) Independent Archaeologist and Heritage Management Consultant (2003-) Summary Dr Julius CC Pistorius is a qualified archaeologists and cultural heritage management specialist with extensive experience as a university lecturer. museum scientist, researcher and heritage consultant. He has done extensive research on the Late Iron Age Tswana and the Lowveld-Sotho (particularly the Iron Age Malatji metal workers of Phalaborwa) whilst also studying the Ndzudza­ Ndebele of Roossenekal and Iron Age communities in the Steelpoort area. He has published a book on early Tswana settlement in the North-West Province and has completed an unpublished manuscript for a book based on the rise of Malatji metal workings spheres in Phalaborwa during the last 1 200 years. He has written a guide for Eskom's field personnel on heritage management and has published twenty scientific papers in academic journals and several popular articles on archaeology and heritage matters. He has collaborated with various environmental companies in compiling State of the Environmental Reports for Ekhurhuleni, Hartebeespoort and a management plan for the Magaliesberg. Since acting as an independent consultant he has done more than 700 heritage impact assessment reports for numerous environmental companies and has a longstanding working relationship with Eskom, Rio Tinto and Impala Platinum. He is currently involved with cultural heritage management programs for Rio Tinto (PMC), Rio Tinto EXP (Soutpansberg), Angloplats (Rustenburg), Bafokeng Royal Resources (BRR) and Kelgran and Kudu Granite. Bathusi Environmental Consulting a gateway to ecological specialist services Riaan A. J. Robbeson (Pr.Sci.Nat.) Specialist Investigator Name of Firm: Bathusi Environmental Consulting cc Position: Member, Specialist Investigator Profession: Environmental SCientist, Ecologist, Botanist Date of Birth: 13th April 1969 Years with BEC: 9 years Consulting experience: 15 years Nationality: South African Address: PO Box 77448, Eldoglen, 0171 Cellular Contact: 0027 82 3765 933 Telephone Contact: 0027 126585579 email: riaan@bathusLorg Membership In Pro esslonal Societies: YEAR OF CLASS PROFessIONAL SOCIETY REGISTRATION South African Coundl of Natural Sdentific ProfeSSions (SACNASP) Pr.ScLNat. j(Ecological Scientist & Botanical Scientist, Reg no: 400005/03) 2003 !(weblink:www.infoveld.com/samap/EXECj4j04c7jg21y2fpbyllqc2dhlikyrSm) IProfessional Grassland Society of Southern Africa 2008 IMember . FalrandReasona ble 0,pinions: .. YEAR CLIENT RESPONSIBILITY DESCRIPTION Deneys Reitz Determining the fire damage to the structural layers of the 2002 Environmental Due Diligence Attorneys vegetation in Sabi Sand Private Game Reserve Investigating findings of GDACE in negative ROD for the 2007 cameron Cross Inc EnVironmental Due Diligence proposed Greengate Residential Establishment AbbreViated list of Current Tasks & Completed Projects: YEAR. Cl.IENT COMMODftY ,R.01ECT DISefUPTION Mills & Otten Infrastructure Bakgatla Ecological EIA GCS Power Utility Kangra PS Ecological EIA ,Savanna Power Utility Kyalami Strengthening ! Environmental 2009 NuCoal Mining Biological Monitoring Environmental monitoring of ecological environment SSI ~tility Watershed Sephaku Biodiversity EIA PB Power tility Environmental Monitoring Committee i PBA International Power Utility Epsilon Substation Biodiversity Scoping Assessment SSI Environmental Power Utility Vygeboom EMP Groundwater Mining Kusipongo Biodiversity Screening Assessment Consulting Services I 1liso Consulting Development Kaaplaasspruit Remedial EMP Savannah Power Utility Mokopane Integration Biodiversity Scoping Investigation Environmental ,SSI Environmental Power Utility Majuba Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Biodiversity EIA Marsh Vikela (PTY) Ecological Impact Evaluation of the proposed GOPE Mine,! Mining LTD Botswana Environmental Monitoring Committee (Ecological PB Power Power Utility 2008 Division) for the new Medupi Power Station, Lephalale Ecological Impact Evaluation of the proposed Epsilon PBA International Power Utility Substation, North-West Province Development and implementation of ecological Woestalleen Colliery Mining monitoring programme since 1996 Implementation of ecological monitoring programme for Bombela JV Transport the new Gautrain Rail development, Gauteng Province Ecological Impact Evaluation of the proposed Greenfields I Kwezi V3 Engineers Mining Expansion Project, Mpumalanga Province Ecological Impact Evaluation of the proposed Marathon I Bohlweki Power Utility Delta and Boulders Malelane 132kV lines, Mpumalanga Environmental Province Ecological Impact Assessment of the Matimba - Marang PBA International Power Utility Power lines Ecological Impact Assessment of the Matimba - Dinaledi PBA International Power Utility Power lines Ecological Impact Assessment of the Mmamabula ­ Delta PBA International Power Utility Power lines Marsh Vikela Development Ecological Impact Assessment of the farm Leeuwpoort Ecological Impact Assessment of the proposed Steelpoort .Bohlweki Power Utility !2007 Pumped Storage Scheme ,SiVEST Development Ecological Assessment of the Bultfontein Development iSiVEST Development Ecological Assessment of the Newmarket Development Ecological Scoping and Impact Evaluations of the PBA International Power Utility proposed Delta Epsilom Power Lines AgriDev International Development Ecological Impact Assessment of Golwe Red Data species location and relocation for the Gautrain Bombela JV Transport Development I Eko-Info cc Mining Floristi!: Surveys of the proposed Nu-Largo coal mine Eko-Info cc Mining Floristic Surveys of the proposed Mmamabula coal mine I Floristic Impact Assessment of the proposed .Bohlweld Mining i Underground Gasification Concept mining Biodiversity Impact Assessment of the Matimba B Power Bohlweki Power utility Station Biodiversity Scoping assessment of the proposed PBA Intemational Power uti!ity Matimba Integration I Biodiversity Assessment of the proposed Mareesburg Digby Wells Mining I mine Floristic Assessments of the Kabokweni and Kiepersol Bohlweki Power utility 2006 power lines Bryntirion, Paardeplaats, Willows, Simon Vermooten iAfrican EPA Development Floristic Assessments I Eke-Info Development Floristic sampling of Lula, Mozambique Olievenhoutbosch, Brakfontein, Kosmosdal, Blue Hills, Mills & Otten Development Garstfontein Biodiversity Assessments Agricultural Research Management Guidelines and Impact Assessment of iResearch !Council Quelea control activities in wetlands, Free State Province SEF Research Floristic sampling of the Tshwane Municipal area Floristic sampling of the Kglalagadi Transfrontier Park, University of Pretoria Research Botswana Biodiversity assessment of selected sites in the Okavango! Confidential Development Delta for limited lodge development and hunting I .concessions, Botswana Groundwater Ecological investigation of Wildebeestpan, Limpopo Mining Consulting Province I~roundwater Mining Ecological investigation of Teutfontein, Limpopo Province Consulting jGroundwater Ecological investigation of Aasvoelkrans, Kwa-Zulu Natal .Consulting Mining Province Pre Groundwater Ecological investigation of Klipspruit, Kwa-Zulu Natal 2006 Mining Consulting Province Northam Platinum Development of an alien control programme for the Mining Limited mining area. Removal and relocation of medicinal plants from SEF ~velopment calswald development site, Gauteng Province Deveiopment and installation of a natural wind and visual iWoe5talleen Collier Mining break between mining and provincial roads Vegetation structure analysis around permanent iConfidential Research waterpans in the Chobe National Park, Botswana Floristic sampling and development of a GIS remote Institute for Soil, Research sensing tool for the assessment of natural degradation of Climate and Water vegetation in the Gauteng Province Floristic sampling and development of a GIS remote Institute for Soil, Research sensing tool for the assessment of natural degradation of Climate and Water vegetation in the Mpumalanga Province Key Qualifications Riaan AJ. Robbeson is an experienced ecologist, having obtained his Masters degree in Plant Ecology at the University of Pretoria while working as a research assistant on the National Grassland Biome Project. His involvement in specialist environmental studies followed naturally after graduation and he has since 1998 been professionally involved in numerous projects that related to his field of expertise, ranging in size from a few hectares to provincial scale. Extensive experience has subsequently been obtained on the status and reaction of the natural environment to development and the assessment thereof. In addition to pure scientific investigations, he has also developed and successfully implemented several biodiversity monitoring programmes on mining areas. International projects include areas such as Botswana and Mozambique. Project management include the acquisition and management of other specialist investigators and the ecological integration and interpretation of biodiversity data and reports. On a personal level, Riaan is an amateur wildlife photographer and is compiling a personal database of photographs of South African wild flowers. He also is a social ultra distance runner and has completed 4 Comrades marathons. Education DEGREE'. f::IELD .' J;~ B.Sc. Botany and Zoology (main subjects) University of Pretoria (1987 ­ 1991) B.Sc. (Hons) Botany University of Pretoria (1992) M.Sc. Plant Ecology University of Pretoria (1994 ­ 1998) Visual Basic Programming Programming Unischool (University of Pretoria), 1999 Employment Record IPOSITION ImMPANY iJOB DESCRIPTION .. DuRATION iResearch University of iBotanical surveys, plant identifications, data capturing, data analysis, report 1994 - 1998 .ASsistant Pretoria compilation, phytosociological deSCriptions, Post graduate Masters Publications Project acquisition, site investigations, data analysis, report compilation, GIS Member EkoInfo cc 1995-1999 mapping, selected peer review for publications and specialist reports i Bathusi Project acquisition, project management, site investigations, data analysis, Member Environmental report compilation, GIS mapping, selected peer review for publications and 1999 present I Consulting spedalist reports, financial administration Languages English: RWS - Excellent Afrikaans: RWS - Excellent certification I, the underSigned, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, these data correctly describe me, my I qualifications and experience. /J~-O ,r-.... //'( \J\\.//''I t' RiaanA.J. Robbeson (Pr.ScLNat.) 2009 - 02 03 Graham Young PrLArch PO Box 36, Fourways, 2055 Tel: 27 11 4626967 Fax: 27 11 462-9284 www.newla.co.za graham@newla.co.zij Graham is a landscape architect with twenty-five years experience. He has worked in South Africa and Canada and has valuable expertise in the practice of landscape architecture, urban design and environmental planning. He is also a senior lecturer, teaching urban design and landscape architecture at post and under graduate levels. He also specializes in Visual Impact Assessments. EXPERIENCE: Member. NEWTOWN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ee. Responsible for project management, landscape design, urban design, and visual impact assessment. Senior Lecturer. Department of Architecture, University of Pretoria. 1991 - 1994 GRAHAM A YOUNG LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT - Sole proprietor 1988 - 1989 Designed major transit and CSD based urban design schemes; designed commercial and recreational landscapes and a regional urban park; participated in inter-disciplinary consulting teams that produced master plans for various beachfront areas in KwaZulu Natal and a mountain resort in the Drakensberg. 1989 - 1991 CANADA - Free Lance Designed golf courses and carried out golf course feasibility studies; developed landscape site plans and an end-use plan for an abandoned mine; conducted a visual analysis of a proposed landfill site. 1980 - 1988 KDM (FORMERLY DAMES AND MOORE) - Started as a Senior Landscape Architect and was appointed Partner in charge of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning in 1984. Designed commercial, corporate and urban landscapes; completed landscape site plans; developed end-use master plans for urban parks, college and technikon sites; carried out ecological planning studies for factories, motorways and a railway line. 1978 1980 DAYSON & DE VILLIERS - Staff Landscape Architect Designed various caravan parks; designed a recreation complex for a public resort; conducted a visual analysis for the recreation planning of Pilgrims Rest; and designed and supervised the installation of various private gardens. AWARDS: Institute of Landscape Architects Merit Awards: Isivivane, Freedom Park: Presidential Award of Excellence Design (2005) Information Kiosk. Freedom Park: Merit Award for Design (2005) Moroka Park Precinct, Soweto: Merit Award for Design (2005) Moroka - Mofola Open Space Framework, Soweto: Merit Award for Planning (2005) Mpumalanga Provincial Government Complex: Presidential Award of Excellence (with KWP Landscape Architects for Design (2003) Specialist Impact Report: Visual Environment. Sibaya Resort and Entertainment World: Merit Award for Environmental Planning (1999); Gillooly's Farm. Bedfordview (with Dayson and DeVilliers): Merit Award for Design; COMPETITIONS: Landscape Architecture Consultant on Project Phoenix Architectural Competition, Pretoria (1999): Winner; Mpumalanga Legislature Buildings (1998): Commissioned; Toyota Fountain (1985): First Prize - commissioned; Bedfordview BikelWalkway System - Van Buuren Road (1982): First Prize ­ commissioned; Portland Cement Institute Display Park (1982): Second Prize PROFESSIONAL: Registered Landscape Architect - South African Council for Landscape Architectural Profession (2001); Board of Control for Landscape Architects of South Africa (1987) - Vice Chairman 1988 to 1989; Professional Member - Institute of Landscape Architects Southern Africa (1982) ­ President 1986 - 1988; Member Planning Professions Board 1987 to 1989; Member International Association of Impact Assessment; EDUCATION: Bachelor of Landscape Architecture, 1978, (BLArch), University of Toronto, Canada; Completing a master's degree in Landscape Architecture, University of Pretoria; Thesis: Visual Impact Assessment; Senior Lecturer - Department of Architecture, University of Pretoria. Liana MUlier PrLArch PO Box 36, Fourways, 2055 Tel: 27 I I 4626967 Cell: 082 776 4645 Fax: 27 11 462-9284 WWw newla,co,za mulliana@gmaiLcom Liana is a landscape architect with seven years experience. She has mainly worked in South Africa and has valuable expertise in the practice of landscape architecture, cultural and historic landscapes and environmental planning. She is also a full-time lecturer, teaching Design and History of the Environment at first and second year level. She currently specializes in Visual Impact Assessments. EXPERIENCE: Present: Consultant NEWTOWN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS cc. 2004-2008 Visual Impact Assessments for Residential Estates, Water Reservoirs, extensive Power Lines and Substations & various Mines and Quarries. Developed a Conservation Management Plan for the Union Buildings Estate. Responsible for Heritage Audit of the Estate, including research into history and layout of the gardens. Included a Heritage Management Plan for the Estate. 2004- 2008 Consultant CULTMATRIX ce. Responsible for the archival research and database development of all buildings, design and movables contained within significant historical governmental residences and estates. 2005- 2008 PDrt-Time Lecluror. UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA First Year Design History of the Environment 224 & 210 Act as external examiner during final year design examinations Act as external examiner for History of the Environment 120 2004 - 2006 Consultant. ECOCONSULT cc. Assist in developing Rehabilitation and Management Plans for granite quarries north of Pretoria and Sekukuneland. Extensive archaeological sites were found on sites and had to be incorporated in end use plans. Visual Impact Assessments for Townships and Tourist Developments. 2002 - 2005 Consultant STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS cc. Responsible for Phase 3b of the North West Biodiversity Site Inventory and Database Development. This included the research and assessment of all socially important Floral and Faunal Species in the North West Province. Various heritage studies and assessments. including sites in Soweto. Groot Marico and around Tshwane. Visual Impact Assessments for Residential Estates. Outdoor Signage. Road Network upgrade around Menlyn Shopping Centre & N1 Highway upgrade. Production of landscape designs for various projects, most notably Blue IQ developments such as the Automotive Supplier Park. This also included all construction documentation and site supervision. 2000 - 2002 Consultant ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIAL ATLAS OF SOUTH AFRICA Responsible for researching Cultural and Historical Heritage Sites in Pondoland in the Eastern Cape. This comprised of desktop surveys of existing information and intensive fieldwork for capturing sites according to Section 3 of the National Heritage Resources Act No. 25 of 1999. The information was then captured in the ENPAT GIS Database. Produced promotional posters promoting the Cultural Heritage Databases of Enpat. 1999 - 2002 Landscape Assistant. ATLAND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS Responsible for cultural and historical research on a number of projects, the most prominent the development of the Gongola Conservancy in the Natal Midlands. Master plan and Sketch plan designs for the Gongola Conservancy. Tasks included the conceptual and detail development of different themed camps within the conservancy. drawing from the heritage research completed. Assisted with the compilation of Environmental Impact Assessments and Environmental Management Plans. 1999 - 2002 Landscape Assistant. NEWTOWN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS cc. Hardscape design, including the development of the National Union of Mineworkers Memorial Garden at their head office in Johannesburg. General Project administration and documentation including Bill of Quantities and Plant Lists. ResponsibleJor all rendering and presentation drawings for Promotional purposes PROFESSIONAL: Registered Landscape Architect - South African Council for Landscape Architectural Profession (2006); Board Member - Tshwane Building Heritage Association (2005 - 2007) Member - Van Riebeek Society Member - South African Archaeological Society Member - Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa Member - Anthropology South Africa EDUCATION: Bachelor of Landscape Architecture, 2000, (BLArch) , University of Pretoria. Bachelor of Anthropology, 2002, University of South Africa Currently completing Masters Degree in Anthropology: Cultural Heritage Conservation Thesis: The Cultural Heritage of the Mpondo of Kwa Bhala, Pondoland in relation to the Natural Landscape. University of South Africa, Part-Time Lecturer - Department of Architecture, University of Pretoria. APPENDIX 1-4 MAPS OF INDIVIDUAL CORRIDORS Corridor Corridor Corridor A 81 82 Corridor Corridor Corridor C1 C2 D Corridor Corridor Corridor E F G DRAFT Map 1 of 3 Corridor Corridor A~Zeerust A-Marico Corridor Corridor Corridor B~Olivier B2-Swart1 B2~Swart2 Corridor Corridor Corridor Ba Ca C~B1 DRAFT Map 2 of 3 Corridor Corridor C-82 C-84 Corridor Corridor Corridor C-85 C-86 8-C1 Corridor Corridor 8-C2 A1 DRAFT Map 3 of 3 APPENDIX 1-6 TECHNICAL NOTE ON UNDERGROUNDING OF POWER LINES PBA International (SA) Technical Note 'Undergrounding' of Power Lines TECHNICAL NOTE TRENDS IN THE 'UNDERGROUNDING' OF HIGH VOLTAGE POWER LINES 1. Introduction The question about the use of underground cabling of power lines is frequently raised. This document presents an update of undergrounding worldwide, with a particular focus on 400kV and 765kV power lines. 2. Technical issues Overhead cables are only insulated at the pylons or posts that support them. Provided there is sufficient distance between the exposed cable and any earthed object. the air provides sufficient insulation. The air also cools the cable that gives off heat as current passes through it. Underground cables need to be insulated against the surrounding soil. On low voltage reticulation networks (11 kV & 22kV) the heat generated by the cable is low enough for standard insulation to be used. But on larger lines the methods of electrical and heat insulation become more onerous. Traditionally, cables were insulated with oil impregnated paper. The oil was carried into the cable by a central oil duct kept under pressure. Various forms of this occurred but a pressurised system was used in atl cases to improve the dielectric properties. More recently solid cables have been developed using polyethylene-based insulation. The most common one is the cross-linked polyethylene cable (XLPE cable). This is even now used on 400kV cables. All cables have an external metallic sheath for protection and earthing should a fault develop. Control of electrical losses and heat control are critical for underground cables. As a result, cables are as much as 4 times the diameter and 10 times the weight of equivalent overhead lines. Heat control is also a factor in the laying of the cables. The three phases of low and medium voltage cables (up to 132kV) can be placed in the same trench, while the phases for high voltage cables must be spaced apart, typically in a flat formation. The rating of the cable, soil conditions and climate all affect the spacing of the phases. Width of excavation may be anything between 15 and 30m depending on the technology used. In a recent case in the UK (see below) pressurised oil insulated cabling was used requiring a 30m width buried area. Most of the extra high voltage cables are located in the cooler climates and there is little experience of undergrounding 400kV cables in warm climates. Large cables are less flexible than smaller cables and are made in shorter lengths. This means more joints per kilometre for large cables. Joints are more complex than the cable itself as all the different layers need to be connected and properly sealed. This is usually done on site rather than in the factory, and joints are therefore generally less reliable than the cable. High voltage testing is needed for each joint and special provisions need to be made to get the test equipment to site. For smaller voltages, transitions between overhead and underground can normally be achieved by installing a 'termination' in the last tower structure. For large voltage lines the termination point Technica I Note-Underg rou nding-Oct07. doc Page 1 of 5 PBA International (SA) Technical Note 'Undergrounding' of Power Lines is a high security transition compound (almost a mini-substation) dominated by a large strain tower. The area for the termination station can be over 2500m 2 • Faulting on underground cable is more rare. Bush fires, lightning strikes and bird related faults make up 80% of faults on overhead transmission lines in South Africa. These are not risks for underground cables. When such faults occur on overhead lines they are usually re-energised by automatically reclosing the circuit-breaker within a few seconds of the fault. More serious faults, such as a damaged line may be easily found and repaired within a few days at most. On underground cables the faults are almost exclusively a permanent fault. requiring inspection and correction on site. This usually requires excavating a section of the line. However. location of faults is not easy unless there is clear evidence of excavation damage. Therefore, the search and repair underground cables can take several weeks to repair. This may severely compromise an N-1 or N-2 network design standard. 3. Cost Reports on cost vary between countries and are very dependent on terrain. landuse and size of line. However. all agree that underground cabling is orders of magnitude greater than overhead cables. Guideline figures are: Underground 22kV is 2 to 5 times more expensive Underground 132kV is 3 t010 times Underground 400kV is quoted as being between 10 to 20 times Underground 765kV is estimated at over 30 times (though there are no examples of this being done). In South Africa the costs of overhead 400kV lines are estimated at between R1 - R2 million/km. The markup for 'undergrounding' is therefore significant. International reports indicate that the recovery on this investment is only achieved on increased tariffs or through community commitment (taxes). though the latter refers to distribution networks (typically below 22kV). In South Africa. Eskom is a public utility and is answerable to the Public Finance Act in which all costs need to be declared and justified. Additional costs for undergrounding are subject to the same scrutiny and the costs would need to be recovered in some way. It is understood this is likely to be either by a general increase in tariffs or by direct contributions by those requiring underground cables. 4. Maintenance A mixed result arises here. Underground cables are reported to be more reliable, but outages are more difficult to fix as it is harder to find the fault. and therefore the outages last much longer on 3 underground cables . Also. routine maintenance of underground cables is much lower in the initial years of operation (first 10 years appears to be the time span most regularly referred to). but maintenance costs can rise steeply thereafter. The lifespan of underground cabling is also shorter, in some cases it is reported to be half that of overhead cables. Nevertheless. there seems to be general agreement that the maintenance and operation of underground cabling is cheaper than overhead cabling. It has been reported that in the UK overhead line maintenance is estimated at £600/circuit-km/year (approx. R8100) while underground cable maintenance is at around £70/circuit-km/year (approx. R950). However. routine testing and monitoring of Technical Note-Undergrounding-Oct07.doc Page 2 of 5 PBA International (SA) Technical Note 'Undergrounding' of Power Lines underground cables is being promoted to minimise outages arising from repair of faulty cables. This is increasing the maintenance cost of cables. 5. Visual benefits of 'undergrounding' It is commonly stated that there are distinct visual impact benefits in using underground cables. In the main this is seen to be true, especially in the urban environment where the observer is closer to the line and the land cover is largely disturbed from its natural state. However, in the natural environment, especially wooded and thornveldareas, root management may require that trees are kept out of the servitude and a 15-30m wide strip is cleared. Such strips in woodland areas are normally more noticeable at a distance than a power line (servitude management guidelines for overhead lines now allow small trees to remain under 400kV lines). Hence, it is not automatic that visual impacts are avoided by using underground cables. This would need to be assessed in each case. 6. Trends in 'undergrounding' Underground electricity cables are typically only used in developed countries such as in the US, Europe and Australia, though reports on a number of 'developing' countries in eastern Europe (Poland and Romania) and Asia (China and Korea) have been found. Some of these have adopted policies on undergrounding (eg Netherlands and France, and some states in Australia), but these focus on low and medium voltage networks (200V to 50kV). The Netherlands, for example, adopted an underground cabling policy in the 1970's and has 100% of its low to medium voltage network underground. Next best is Belgium and the UK at 85% and 81% respectively. The average for Europe is estimated at around 50% to 60% 1. The picture for high (50kV to 219kV) to extra high voltages (220kV and above) is quite different. Some countries have achieved high percentages of undergrounding in the high voltage range (e.g. Singapore 100%, Netherlands 89.9% and Denmark 24.3% for 50-109kV). However, as one approaches the extra high voltage range only Singapbre stands out as with 100% undergrounded cabling while all other countries are less than 4%. A breakdown of worldwide average percentages of underground cable in each category is given below2 . 50-109kV 110-219kV 220-314kV 315-500kV > 500kV 6.7% 2.9% 1.7% 0.5% 0% There are no underground cables above 500kV. In the high and extra high voltage categories the underground sections are special projects in urban or highly sensitive environmental areas. Since 1996 there has been a doubling of total installed underground cabling worldwide in the extra high voltage range (220kV to 500kV), though this has occurred mainly in five countries; Japan, France, Spain, UK and USA. In the US some 50% of capital expenditure on power lines is 3 for underground lines, though still 80% of the infrastructure is overhead . 1 CommiSSion of European Community, December 2003. Background Paper: Undergrounding of Electricity Lines in Europe. 2 CIGRE, 2006. Statistics on underground cable in transmission networks. Final report of CIGRE Working Group B1.07 3 Brad Johnson, January 2004. Out of Sight, Out of Mind? A study of the costs and benefits of undergrounding overhead power lines. Edison Electric Institute. Technical Note-Undergrounding-Oct07.doc Page 3 of 5 PBA International (SA) Technical Note 'Undergrounding' of Power Lines Hence, in developed countries there is a growth in underground cabling of low voltage distribution systems, the undergrounding of high voltage lines is rare and limited to highly sensitive areas, However, while there appears to be no policy development towards undergrounding high voltage lines, it is fair to report that the EU has given more attention to this in recent years as the interconnection between countries to reinforce national networks is being met with growing opposition. There is little information on underground electricity cables in developing countries. Those in eastern Europe have had reasonably well developed electricity networks for some time, Though it is known that it does occur in some city areas, it is expected the practice of undergrounding is well behind that of developed nations. In South Africa, new 11 kV and 22kV lines in residential areas are more regularly buried. However, though undergrounding of higher voltage lines has been considered at sensitive sites, it is understood that none have been constructed. 7. The South African Situation. Engineers in South Africa have refined the design of overhead power lines to such an extent that their relative cost is low compared to other countries. The towers and conductor bundles have been adapted to suit the environmental conditions in the country. The maintenance and monitoring of the lines is well understood and the network can be designed and operated to a high level of reliability, Undergrounding of lines is occurring for the low voltage lines in urban areas. However, experience with undergrounding the larger lines (132kV and above) is very limited. The cables available on the market are not well tested in the South African climate and application in the warmer climates will need to be conservatively designed. At this stage any underground project is likely to be a pilot project to test designs under South African conditions. Extra high voltage underground cables are unlikely to be used on critical parts of the national network at this stage. The expertise necessary for designing and preparing specifications for underground cables will need to be sourced on the international market. Such is the world wide demand for power and transmission installations worldwide that it will be difficult to secure the necessary expertise in the usual planning and design timeframes. Additionally, extra high voltage cabling is made to order. Long lead times will need to be factored into the design and construction programme. Finally, the availability of land in South Africa means that development pressures and land values do not support the cost-benefit needed to help justify underground cable costs. Eskom is more likely to purchase farms than commit to underground transmission lines. Technical Note-Undergrounding-Oct07.doc Page 4 of 5 PBA International (SA) Technical Note 'Undergrounding' of Power Lines 8. Case example: Middlesbrough-York 400kV line (UK)i. The Middlesbrough-York Une (United Kingdom) The 70 km long overhead line with two 400 kV circuits (each with a capacity of 2,000 MW) connects the cities of Middlesbrough and York. Significant public concern was raised over the decision to put overhead lines, rather than cables, through the Vale of York. An application to construct the line was made in 1991. Following several years of public enquiries and hearings it took 10 years for all consents and wayleaves to be put in place. National Grid was not in favour of an underground cable on the grounds of cost (the overhead line was expected to cost £540,OOO/km (approx R7.3mlkm) and the cable £8.9 million/km (approx. R120mlkm), a cost factor multiple of 16 times) and environmental concerns over a 15-30 metre swathe of sterilised land through the countryside. The UK government took the view that the additional cost could not be justified and the aerial route was eventually given the go-ahead with the exception of a 5.7 km cable section in the middle of the English countryside. The technology used is a pressurized oil-insulated cable. The buried part covers a total ground area of 30 m of width and cost about 100 million (Euro) (Approx R175miflionlkm). Please note, these are UK costs and are affected by local technical costs (eg terrain difficulties) and differences in the economies between two countries. However, this provides a good example of the scale of costs and decisions that have been made elsewhere in the world. Last update: October 2007 4 REVOLT News, November 2004. Issue 174, Technical Note-Undergrounding-Oct07,doc Page 5 of 5 water & forestry Department: Water Affairs and Forestry REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA MOKOlO AND CROCODilE RIVER (WEST) WATER AUGMENTATION PROJECT (MCWAP) De-bottlenecking of an Existing Pipeline DEAT Registration Number: 12/12/20/1467 BASIC ASSESSMENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT Iii] NEMAI CONSULTING 147 Bram Fischer, Ferndale, 2194 EMA P.O. Box 1673, Sunninghill, 2157 CQNSJ1LIL~~ Tel: 011781 1730 Fax: 0117811731 Email: salomonp@nemaLco.za Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline 1. PURPOSE OF BACKGROUND INFORMATION association with PD Naidoo and Associates (PDNA) Ltd and Urban-Econ Developmental DOCUMENT AND BASIC ASSESSMENT Economists. • .The T~chnical Study Module including water The purpose of this document is as follows: resources evaluation, engineering assessment of • Serves as an introduction and description of the infrastructure options and environmental proposed de-boltlenecking of an existing pipeline screening - Africon (Pty) Ltd in association with owned by Exxaro in order to increase the existing Kwezi V3, Vela VKE and specialists. supply capacity from Mokolo dam; • The Environmental Management Module - • Provides an overview of the Basic Assessment Nemai Consulting. (BA) process; • The Regional Economics Module - no • Provides notice to potential stakeholders to Professional Service Provider has been register as Interested and Affected Parties appointed to date. (IMPs) regarding the Mokolo Crocodile (West) ,. The Institutional and Financial Module will be Water Augmentation Project (MCWAP) De­ undertaken by Trans Caledon Tunnel Authority bottlenecking; and (TCTA). • To obtain the initial comments and contributions by I&APs. The infrastructure options considered to augment water supply to the Lephalale area include the According to Govemment Notice GN No. R. 385 (2:006). "interested end ~ following: effected patty" means an Interested and affected party contemplated In section 24(4)(d) of the National Envlronmenbll Management Act (No. ~ ... 1. De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline, owned 107 of 1998). and which In terms of that section Includes § by Exxaro; (a) any parson. group of parsons or organisation Intenssted In or affected by an acUvlly; and u.. 2. Phase 1: Augment the supply from Mokolo Dam; (b) any organ ()/ state that may have jurisdiction over any aspect of and the 1Itltiv1ly. 3. Phase 2: Transfer scheme from the Crocodile River (West) to the Lephalale area. The purpose of the BA is to identify and evaluate potential impacts, to recommend measures to avoid Even though it is regarded as one single project, in or reduce negative impacts and to enhance posi,tive terms of the Environmental Management Module, impacts. separate environmental assessments are to be conducted for the three abovementioned project 2. BACKGROUND & INTRODUCTION components (as discussed in Section 4). The current shortage in the supply of electricity in the country necessitates ESKOM to fast track the 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION building of further power stations. As a result, ESKOM started construction of the new Medupi The project phase entails the de-bottle necking of the Power Station during 2007, in the Lephalale area, existing pipeline that stretches from Mokolo Dam to which lies in the Mokolo catchment. This Lephalale, which belongs to Exxaro. This will entail development will require the expansion of the coal the construction of the first 9km of the new gravity mining activities as well as other consequential pipeline (for Phase 1) from Wolvenfontein balancing secondary and tertiary developments. There is also dams, with interconnections to the existing pipeline. a strong likelihood of further power stations in the The new pipeline will follow the same route as the area as well as petro-chemical industries. These existing gravity pipe, and the servitude will be developments are driven by the presence of widened to accommodate the new pipeline. extensive coal reserves in this area and are expected to result in a sharp increase in water requirements. The intention of the de-bottlenecking is to improve Unfortunately, the availability of water in this area is the hydraulic gradient at Rietspruitnek, where the limited. Therefore, the Department of Water Affairs existing pipeline passes over a high point. By utilising and Forestry (DWAF) commissioned the Mokolo the existing pump station at Mokolo Dam, water could Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project then be delivered at a rate higher than the capacity of (MCWAP) to establish how these demands can be the existing pipeline. The capacity will increase from met within the very challenging timeframes. 0.51 m3/second to 0.61 m%econd. DWAF separated the scope of the MCWAP Refer to the Locality Map MCWAP De­ Feasibility Study into five key modules. These bottlenecking on page 5, for an illustration of the modules and the Professional Service Providers that proposed route. were appointed to undertake the work are as follows: • The Project Coordination and Management Module - Ninham Shand Consulting Service in 2 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Notice of Intent 4.1 Process MCWAP requires authorisation in terms of the Public Participation: National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 14 May 09 - 19 June 09 1998), which will be undertaken in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (Government Notice No. R385, R386 Preparation of Basic and R387). Nemai Consulting was appointed by DWAF as the independent Environmental Assessment Report Assessment Practitioner to undertake the (BAR) environmental assessment for MCWAP. The EIA decision-making authority is the National Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). The Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism (LEDET) is also an important participatory authority in this Submit BAR & process. Following pre-consultation with DEAT it was Application Form decided to submit a Class Application for the following three separate environmental assessments: • De-bottlenecking - Basic Assessment; • Phase 1 - Scoping and EIA; and • Phase 2 - Scoping and EIA. The separation of MCWAP into three environmental assessments is to prioritise the associated components of the project. Notify IA&Ps As mentioned, this BID is only for the Basic Assessment for the MCWAP De-bottlenecking. o Environmental Assessment Practitioner Separate environmental assessments will be Public conducted for Phase 1 and Phase 2 (as discussed .OEAT above). Authorisation will also be required from the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) for establishing borrow pits for the sourcing of At this stage the following specialist studies have construction material, in terms of the Mineral and been identified for MCWAP De-bottlenecking: Petroleum Resources Development Act (No. 28 of • Ecological (terrestrial and aquatic) Study; 2002). This process will run in parallel with the EIA. • Heritage Impact Assessment; and • Socio-economic Study. Note: The DEAT Reference Number allocated to the MCWAP De-bottlenecklng I Additional studies may be identified as the EIA is 12/12/20/1467 , process unfolds. "" """"'2 ,,,,,,,~h,,,,,,,,,,W~" ,,~""_ Refer to the diagram below for an overview of the Basic Assessment process. It is anticipated that the The public participation process that is currently process will be concluded in January 2010. Note that underway for MCWAP De-bottlenecking entails the the dates below may change. following: 1. Developing a database of I&APs. including landowners within a 200m corridor (i.e. 100m on either side of the pipeline route), water end­ users, stakeholders, authorities and the general public; 2. Notifying I&APs through the placement of notice boards and newspaper advertisements (local and water & forestry 3 ~"!'f'~nl V'ht"",A./fai... ~rvJf:c«oWy REPUBLIC Of &OU'T'H AlRn:;;A Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline regional newspapers), and also distributing the Background Information Document (BID); 4.4 Registration as I&AP and for attendance of 3. Convening an Open Day to allow for project­ related discussions; In order to ensure that you are registered as an I&AP, 4. Granting I&APs the opportunity to review the please submit your name. contact information and Basic Assessment Report (to be completed later interest in the project by completing the attached on in process); and Reply Form. It is important that you use the space 5. Advertising the DEAT environmental decision in provided on the Form to register for the public open the local newspaper and notifying all registered day in advance. You can also provide your comments I&APs of the decision. on the Reply Form. The time period for returning the Reply Form to Nemai Consulting and registering as I&APs are encouraged to participate in the process an I&AP is from: in order for concerns to be addressed and included in the Basic Assessment Report. 14 May 2009 - 19 June 2009 The following Open Days (in chronological order) will be held as part of the wider MCWAP consultation process. Note that I&APs are welcome to attend Open Days that are not specific to the De­ bottlenecking. Phase 2 27 May 2009 Area: Thabazimbi Venue: Kumba Bioscope Hall Time: 08hOO - 13hOO 27 May 2009 i Area: Lephalale Venue: Mogol Conference Room Tim.! 15h30 - 19h30 Phase 1 28 Ma},2009 Area: Lephalale Venue: Mogol Conference Room Time: OShOO ­ 13hOO De-bottlenecking Area: I Mokolo Dam Area Venue: I Ashante Conference Venue i Time: I 15h30 - 19h30 Thereafter, another public meeting will be held to present the findings of the Basic Assessment Report. The details of this meeting will be confirmed. Permission to enter properties Members of DWAPs investigating teams will be visiting the project area in the foreseeable future. Private and communal landowners are requested to kindly grant permission to enter their land. Team members will carry certificates of appolntment by the DWAF as a means of Identification. 4 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline ," - 5. CONTACT DETAILS For any queries pertaining to the project, please contact the Environmental Assessment Practitioner below: PO Box 1673 Sunninghill 2157 Contact: Salomon Pienaar (Public Participation Coordinator) I£t (011) 7811730 Fax: (011) 7811731 Email: salomonp@nemai.co.za DWAF Project Web Page: http://www.dwaf.gov.za/projects.asp Thank you for your participation 5 Iii CONSULTING P.O. BOX 1673 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL CONSULTANTS 147 Bram Fischer Drive Phone: (011)781 1730 SUNNINGHILL FERNDALE Fax: (011)7811731 2157 2194 Email: salomonp@nemal.co.za MOKOlO AND CROCODilE RIVER (WEST) WATER AUGMENTATION PROJECT (MCWAP): De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline DEAT Ref. No. 12/12/20/1467 Reply Form Registration as an Interested and Affected Party (Complete and return by 19 June 2009 to: Salomon Pienaar) Date: I I . ~.~,. I Name of organisation: ' Date received: (If applicable) Name & Surname: Our reference: Address Postal: Physical: Status Tel No: Cell No Fax No: Email: : Registration as an I&AP: I Yes I No I I would like to attend the Public Open Day on 28 May 2009 from 15hOO - 19h30 at Ashante I Yes I No I Conference Venue (Mokolo dam area) Pleay In!Olude thl! contact details of an:\l !;!osslble other I&AP's :\lou might be aware of: Comments: (note· additional pages may be included if the spaCe provided is insufficient) water & forestry Department: Water Affairs and Forestry REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA MOKOlO AND CROCODilE RIVER (WEST) WATER AUGMENTATION PROJECT (MCWAP) Phase 1: Augment Supply from Mokolo Dam DEAT Reference Number: 12/12/20/1465 SCOPING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT­ SCOPING PHASE NEMAI CONSULTING 147 Bram Fischer, Ferndale, 2194 P.O. Box 1673, Sunninghili, 2157 Tel: 0117811730 Fax: 0117811731 Email: salomonp@nemai.co.za Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 1: Augment the Supply from Mokolo Dam 1. PURPOSE OF BACKGROUND INFORMATION modules and the Professional Service Providers that were appointed to undertake the work are as follows: DOCUMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT • The Project Coordination and Management ASSESSMENT (EIA) Module - Ninham Shand Consulting Service in association with PO Naidoo and Associates The purpose of this document is as follows: (PDNA) Ltd and Urban-Econ Developmental • Serves as an introduction and description of the Economists. proposed construction of a pipeline parallel to the • The Technical Study Module including water existing pipeline from Mokolo Dam to Lephalale resources evaluation, engineering assessment of environs in order to increase the supply capacity infrastructure options and environmental from Mokolo dam, and an extension towards the screening - Africon (Pty) Ltd in association with Steenbokpan area; Kwezi V3, Vela VKE and speCialists. • Provides an overview of the Environmental • The Environmental Management Module - Impact Assessment (EIA) process; Nemai Consulting. • Provides notice to potential stakeholders to • The Regional Economics Module - no register as Interested and Affected Parties Professional Service Provider has been (I&APs) regarding the Mokolo and Crocodile River appointed to date. (West) Water Augmentation Project (MCWAP) • The Institutional and Financial Module will be Phase 1; undertaken by Trans Caledon Tunnel Authority • To obtain the initial comments and contributions (TCTA). by I&APs. The infrastructure options considered to augment water supply to the Lephalale area include the According to Govemment Notice GN No. R. 3.115 (2006). "IntetNlIxI !find following: sffectad party" means an Interested and afll!Cled party contemp.ted in section 24{4)(d) of the National Environmental Management lie! (No. 107011998). and wtrich in terms ofthshectlon Includes - Cl 1. De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline, owned iIi (al any parson, group of per!!(lI1lI or organlsatiOlI Int._tad In or by Exxaro; af/acted by an lICIlvity; and _ ~ ~ 2. Phase 1: Augment the supply from Mokolo Dam; (bl any organ of stata that may havejurisdiclloll over any aspect of the activity. ::l and ~-------------------~ The purpose of the EIA is to identify and evaluate 3. Phase 2: Transfer scheme from the Crocodile River (West) to the Lephalale area. potential impacts, to recommend measures to avoid or reduce negative impacts and to enhance positive Even though it is regarded as one single project, in impacts. terms of the Environmental Management Module separate environmental assessments are to be 2. BACKGROUND & INTRODUCTION conducted for the three abovementioned project components (as discussed in Section 4). The current shortage in the supply of electriCity in the 3. DESCRIPTION - PHASE 1 , country necessitates ESKOM to fast track the building of further power stations. As a result, ESKOM started construction of the new Medupi Phase 1 entails augmenting the supply capacity from Power Station during 2007, in the Lephalale area, Mokolo Dam to supply in the growing water use which lies in the Mokolo catchment. This requirement for the interim period until a transfer development will require the expansion of the coal pipeline from the Crocodile River West can be mining activities as well as other consequential implemented. The solution must over the long term secondary and tertiary developments. There is also optimally utilise the full yield from Mokolo Dam. a strong likelihood of further power stations in the area as well as petro-chemical industries. These The Mokolo Dam has a long term firm yield of 39.1 3 3 developments are driven by the presence of million m /annum of which 10.4 million m /annum is extensive coal reserves in this area and are expected allocated for irrigation. This White Paper allocation of to result in a sharp increase in water requirements. 10.4 million m3/annum is utilized by the Mokolo Unfortunately, the availability of water in this area is Irrigation Board through a current 16 or 0 million limited. Therefore, the Department of Water Affairs m3/annum operating rule. The remaining 28.7 million 3 and Forestry (DWAF) commissioned the Mokolo m /annum is available to Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project supply the municipal and (MCWAP) to establish how these demands can be industrial needs of the met within the very challenging timeframes. Lephalale and Steen­ bokpan areas. DWAF separated the scope of the MCWAP Feasibility Study into five key modules. These Until the commiSSioning of Phase 2 the Mokolo 2 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 1: Augment the Supply from Mokolo Dam Dam will be operated at a higher risk to supply in the growing demands of the users. As mentioned, this BID is only for the Scoping and EIA for MCWAP Phase 1. Separate environmental The following two most viable options of transferring assessments will be conducted for the de­ water from the Mokolo Dam to the end users during bottlenecking and Phase 2 (as discussed above). the first phase have been identified and investigated: • Construct a pump station and new pipeline from Refer to the diagram below for an overview of the Mokolo Dam to Zeeland, Matimba and Medupi Scoping and EIA process for MCWAP Phase 1. It is power stations and from there to Steenbokpan anticipated that the process will be concluded in May area (to supply the development of further power 2010. Note that the dates below may change. stations, petro-chemical plant, coal mining activities and consequential further developments). The pipeline section between Mokolo Dam and Matimba power station will be constructed parallel (or close) to the existing pipeline for most of the route. This is regarded as the preferred option, and is shown in the .... III accompanying locality map. IIJ III • Construct a weir, abstraction works and a high lift .s: 0­ pump station downstream of Mokolo Dam as well J as a pipeline to deliver water to Zeeland, IIJ IIJ III Matimba and Medupi power stations as well as Steenbokpan. e 0­ « Refer to the Locality Map - MCWAP Phase 1 on iIi page 5 for an illustration of the proposed route. " C III 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 4.1 Process MCWAP requires authorisation in terms of the National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998), which will be undertaken in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (Government Notice No. R385, R386 and R387). Nemai Consulting was appointed by DWAF as the independent Environmental Assessment Practitioner to undertake the environmental assessment for MCWAP. o Environmentat Asseument Practitioner The EIA decision-making authority is the National Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism o Public (DEAT). The Limpopo Department of Economic II DEAT Development, Environment and Tourism (LEDET) is also an important participatory authority in this Authorisation will also be required from the process. Following pre-consultation with DEAT it was Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) for decided to submit a Class Application for the establishing borrow pits for the sourcing of following three separate environmental assessments: construction material, in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (No. 28 of • De-bottlenecking - Basic Assessment; 2002). This process will run in parallel with the EIA. • Phase 1 - Scoping and EIA; and • Phase 2 - Scoping and EIA. 4.2 Specialist Studies .~-~-~---.- The separation of MCWAP into three environmental assessments is to prioritise the associated At this stage the following specialist studies have components of the project. been identified for MCWAP Phase 1: • Ecological (terrestrial and aquatic) Study; Note: The DEAT Reference Number • Heritage Impact Assessment; and allocated to MCWAP Phase 1 IS, • Socio-economic Study. 12/12/20/1465 • , " " - ,~" '''' '" w ~ " " " '" '" • '" '"'J Cfr, 3 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 1: Augment the Supply from Mokolo Dam Additional studies may be identified as the EIA During the EIA phase a public meeting will be process unfolds. convened to present inter alia the findings of the specialist studies and the progress of the environmental assessment. The details of the second 4.3 Pu~lic Participation public meeting will be communicated later on in the The public participation process that is currently process. underway for MCWAP Phase 1 entails the fOllowing: Permission to enter properties 1. Developing a database of I&APs, including landowners within a 200m corridor (i.e. 100m on Members of DWAPs Investigating teams will be either side of the pipeline route), water end­ visiting the project area in the foreseeable future. users, stakeholders, authorities and the general Private and communal landowners are requested to public; kindly grant permission to enter their land, Team members will cany certificates of aPPOintment by the 2, Notifying I&APs through the placement of notice DWAF as a means of idantification, boards and newspaper advertisements (local and regional newspapers), and also distributing the Background Information Document (BID); 3, Convening an Open Day to allow for project­ 4.4 Registration as I&AP and for attendance of related discussions; Public 4. Granting I&APs the opportunity to review the In order to ensure that you are registered as an I&AP, Scoping as well as the Environmental Impact please submit your name, contact information and Assessment Reports (to be completed later on in interest in the project by completing the attached process); and Reply Form. It is important that you use the space 5. AdvertiSing the DEAT environmental decision in provided on the Form to register for the public open the local newspaper and notifying all registered day in advance. You can also provide your comments I&APs of the decision. on the Reply Form, The time period for returning the Reply Form to Nemai Consulting and registering as I&APs are encouraged to participate in the process an I&AP is from: in order for concerns to be addressed and included in the Scoping and EIA reports. 14 May 2009 -19 June 2009 The following Open Days (in chronological order) will be held during the Scoping phase as part of the wider consultation process, Note that I&APs are welcome to attend Open Days that are not specific to Phase 1. . 27 MaY 2009 Area: Thabazimbi Venue: Kumba Bioscope Hall Time: 08hOO ­ 13hOO 27 May 2009 Area: I Lephalale : Venue: I Mogol Conference Room Time: 15h30 - 19h30 Phase 1 28 MaY 2009 Area: Lephalale Venue: Mogol Conference Room Time: OShOO ­ 13hOO De-bottlenecking 28 Mav 2009 Area.: Mokolo Dam Area Venue: Ashante Conference Venue Time: 15h30 - 19h30 Thereafter, public meetings will be held to present the findings of the Scoping Report. The details of this meeting will be confirmed. 4 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 1: Augment the Supply from Mokolo Dam Locality Map - MCWAP Phase 1 5. CONTACT DETAILS For any queries pertaining to the project, please contact the Environmental Assessment Practitioner below: PO Box 1673 Sunninghill 2157 Contact: Salomon Pienaar (Public Participation Coordinator) (011) 7811730 (011) 7811731 salomonp@nemai.co.za DWAF Project Web Page: http://www.dwaf.gov.za/projects.asp Thank you for your participation 5 Iiii! CONSULTING P.O. BOX 1673 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL CONSULTANTS 147 Bram Fischer Drive Phone: (011) 781 1730 SUNNINGHILL FERNDALE Fax: (011) 781 1731 2157 2194 Email: salomonp@nemaLco.za MOKOLO AND CROCODILE RIVER (WEST) WATER AUGMENTATION PROJECT (MCWAP): Phase 1: Augment Supply from Mokolo Dam DEAT Ref. No. 12/12/20/1465 Reply Form Registration as an Interested and Affected Party (Complete and return by 19 June 2009 to Salomon Pienaar) Date: .> • (i)ffi(;~'use ....... Name of organisation: Date received: (if applicable) Name & Surname: Our reference: Address Postal: Physical: Status Tel No: Cell No Fax No: Email: Registration as an I&AP: Yes I No I I would like to attend the Public Open Day (28 May 2009 from 08hOO I Yes I No I -13hOO at Mogol Conference Room) Please incrude the contact details of anlll!ossible other I&APs :lou might be aware of: I Comments: (note - additional pages may be included if the space provided is insufficient) water & forestry Department: Water Affairs and Fores1ry REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA MOKOlO AND CROCODilE RIVER (WEST) WATER AUGMENTATION PROJECT (MCWAP) Phase 2: Transfer Scheme from the Crocodile River (West) to the Lephalale Area DEAT Registration Number: 12/12120/1466 SCOPING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT­ SCOPING PHASE .... ~ nnI ICQNSUI"TlN~ NEMAI CONSULTING 147 Bram Fischer, Ferndale, 2194 P.O. Box 1673, Sunninghill, 2157 Tel: 011 781 1730 Fax: 0117811731 Email: salomonp@nemai.co.za Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 2: Transfer scheme· Crocodile River (West) to Lephalale area 1. PURPOSE OF BACKGROUND INFORMATION association with PO Naidoo and Associates (PDNA) Ltd and Urban-Econ Developmental DOCUMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT . Economists. ASSESSMENT (EIA) • The Technical Study Module including water resources evaluation, engineering assessment of The purpose of this document is as follows: infrastructure options and environmental screening - Africon (pty) Ltd in association with • Serves as an introduction and description of the Kwezi V3, Vela VKE and specialists. proposed construction of a pipeline to transfer water from the Crocodile River (West) to the • The Environmental Management Module - Nemai Consulting. Steenbokpan area; • Provides an overview of the Environmental • The Regional Economics Module - no Professional Service Provider has been Impact Assessment (EIA) process; appointed to date. • Provides notice to potential stakeholders to register as Interested and Affected Parties • The Institutional and Financial Module will be undertaken by Trans Caledon Tunnel Authority (I&APs) regarding the Mokolo Crocodile (West) (TCTA). Water Augmentation Project (MCWAP) Phase 2; • To obtain the initial comments and contributions The infrastructure options considered to augment by I&APs. water supply to the Lephalale area include the ! Accon:Ung to Government Nob GN No. R. 385 (2OOe), 'intemsled and following: aHecI1H:I partY' means an Interested and afle<:ted I'8rty contemplated in 1. De-bottlenecking of an existing pipeline, owned saOllon Z4(4)(d) of the National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998). and which In terms of that se<:tion includes by Exxaro; (a) any parson, group of persons or organisation Interested In or 0 2. Phase 1: Augment the supply from Mokolo Dam; affected by an acUvlly; and iXi and . (b) any organ of state \hat may have jurisdiction over any aspect of '0 . ­ 3. Phase 2: Transfer scheme from the Crocodile ,..................................... lheacllYlly. ~ g .River (West) to the Lephalale area. The purpose of the EIA is to identify and evaluate LL potential impacts, to recommend measures to avoid Even though it is regarded as one single project. in or reduce negative impacts and to enhance positive terms of the Environmental Management Module, impacts. separate environmental assessments are to be conducted for the three abovementioned project 2. BACKGROUND & INTRODUCTION components (as discussed in Section 4). The current shortage in the supply of electricity in the I: 3. DESCRIPTION - PHASE 2 country necessitates ESKOM to fast track the building of further power stations. As a result, Phase 2 entails a transfer scheme from the Crocodile ESKOM started construction of the new Medupi River (West) at Vlieepoort near Thabazimbi to the Power Station during 2007, in the Lephalale area, Lephalale area via a system consisting of: which lies in the Mokolo catchment. This • A weir and abstraction infrastructure, including a development will require the expansion of the coal high lift pumpstation at Vlieepoort (near mining activities as well as other consequential Thabazimbi); secondary and tertiary developments. There is also • Transfer system (approximately 100 km): a strong likelihood of further power stations in the consisting of three area as well as petro-chemical industries. These potential pipeline developments are driven by the presence of routes for the rising extensive coal reserves in this area and are expected pipeline, with the to result in a sharp increase in water requirements. preferred route Unfortunately. the availability of water in this area is running primarily limited. Therefore, the Department of Water Affairs parallel to the and Forestry (DWAF) commissioned the Mokolo railway line; Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project • A Break Pressure (MCWAP) to establish how these demands can be Reservoir (BPR); met within the very challenging timeframes. • An Operational Reservoir; and a • Delivery system, consisting of a gravity pipeline DWAF separated the scope of the MCWAP (approximately 30km) running from the Feasibility Study into five key modules. These Operational ReservOir to the Steenbokpan area. modules and the Professional Service Providers that were appOinted to undertake the work are as follows: Phase 2 will be implemented over 5 calendar years, • The Project Coordination and Management starting 2010, to achieve ultimate required net 3 Module - Ninham Shand Consulting Service in transfer capacity of 220 million m /a. 2 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 2: Transfer scheme· Crocodile River (West) to Lephalale area Refer to the Locality Map - MCWAP Phase 2 on Application Form page 5 for an illustration of the proposed route """"'''Y'"'"''''""f"'''''''' (preferred alignment shown in green and the alternative route in purple). N 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CD 1/1 1\1 .r:. 4.1 Process 0­ I 1/1 MCWAP requires authorisation in terms of the l{I National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of Col 1998), which will be undertaken in accordance with e 0­ the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ce Regulations (Government Notice No. R385, R386 jjj and R387). Nemai Consulting was appointed by "0 C DWAF as the independent· Environmental 1\1 Assessment Practitioner to undertake the .5 environmental assessment for MCWAP. 8 Cf) The EIA decision-making authority is the National Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism '0 (DEAT). The Limpopo Department of Economic ~ .~ Development, Environment and Tourism (LEDET) is also an important participatory authority in this process. Following pre-consultation with DEAT it was ~ decided to submit a Class Application for the following three separate environmental assessments: • De-bottlenecking - Basic Assessment; • Phase 1 - Scoping and EIA; and • Phase 2 - Scoping and EIA. The separation of MCWAP into three environmental Environmental A......ment Practitioner assessments is to prioritise the associated components of the project. .OEAT Note: The DEAT Reference Number allocated to MCWAP Phase 2 is. 4.2 Specialist Studies" 12/12/20/1466 c) "~,, ""'" """~ '" I '" > "" " " " ' ' ' _ "" """" At this stage the following specialist studies have been identified for MCWAP Phase 2: As mentioned, this BID is only for the Scoping and EIA for MCWAP Phase 2. Separate environmental • Ecological (terrestrial and aquatic) Study; assessments will be conducted for the de­ • Heritage Impact Assessment; bottlenecking and Phase 1 (as discussed above). • Socio-economic Study, and • Visual Impact Assessment. Authorisation will also be required from the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) for Additional studies may be identified as the EIA establishing borrow pits for the sourcing of process unfolds. construction material, in terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (No. 28 of 2002). This process will run in parallel with the EIA. 4.3"_~_~~IL~~~!!i.!=ipa!ion______________"_."__"."_""__'" The public partiCipation process that is currently Refer to the diagram below for an overview of the underway for MCWAP Phase 2 entails the following: Scoping and EIA process for MCWAP Phase 2. It is antiCipated that the process will be concluded in May 1. Developing a database of I&APs, including 2010. Note that the dates below may change. landowners within a 200m corridor (I.e. 100m on either side of the pipeline route), water end­ users, stakeholders, authorities and the general public; 3 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 2: Transfer scheme· Crocodile River (West) to Lephalale area 2. Notifying I&APs through the placement of notice interest in the project by completing the attached boards and newspaper advertisements (local and Reply Form. It is important that you use the space regional newspapers), and also distributing the provided on the Form to register for the public open Background Information Document (BID); days in advance. You can also provide your 3. Convening Open Days to allow for project-related comments on the Reply Form. The time period for discussions; returning the Reply Form to Nemai Consulting and 4. Granting I&APs the opportunity to review the registering as an I&AP is from: Scoping as well as the 'Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (to be completed later on in 14 May 2009 -19 June 2009 process); and 5. Advertising the DEAT environmental decision in the local newspaper and notifying all registered I&APs of the decision. . I&APs are encouraged to participate in the process in order for concerns to be addressed and included in the Scoping and EIA reports. The following Open Days (in chronological order) will be held during the Scoping phase as part of the wlder MCWAP consultation process. Note that I&APs are welcome to attend Open Days that are not specific to Phase 2. . 27 May 2009 0'" CD Area: Venue: Thabazimbi Kumba Bioscope Hall '0 Time: 08hOO ­ 13hOO II) g 27Mav20tl u. . . . Area: Lephalale Venue: MOQol Conference Room Time: 15h30 - 19h30 Phase 1 28 Mav 2009 Area: Lephalale Venue: Mogol Conference Room Time: 08hOO ­ 13hOO Thereafter, a public meeting will be held to present the findings of the Scoping Report. The details of this meeting will be confirmed. During the EIA phase a public meeting will be convened to present inter alia the findings of the specialist studies and the progress of the environmental assessment. The details of the second public meetings will be communicated later on in the process. 4.4 Registration as I&AP and for attendance of ..._._.. _.~~_bljc_()pen_~~¥_~ ____..___....._ ..__.___.___ In order to ensure that you are registered as an I&AP, please submit your name, contact information and 4 Mokolo Crocodile (West) Water Augmentation Project Phase 2: Transfer scheme· Crocodile River (West) to Lephalale area / .; 7 I I I I X Vlie!poort Weir Site X Break Pressure Reservoir X Locality Map - MCWAP Phase 2 5. CONTACT DETAILS For any queries pertaining to the project, please contact the Environmental Assessment Practitioner below: PO Box 1673 Sunninghill 2157 Contact: Salomon Pienaar (Public PartiCipation Coordinator) (011)781 1730 (011) 781 1731 salomonp@nemai.co.za DWAF Project Web Page: http://www.dwaf.gov.za/projects.asp Thank you for your participation 5 Iiiii CONSULTING P.O. BOX 1673 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL CONSULTANTS 147 Bram Fischer Drive Phone: (011 )781 1730 SUNNINGHILL FERNDALE Fax: (011) 7811731 2157 2194 Email: salomonp@nemaLco.za MOKOlO AND CROCODilE RIVER (WEST) WATER AUGMENTATION PROJECT (MCWAP): Phase 2: Transfer scheme from the Crocodile River (West) to the Lephalale area DEAT Ref. No. 12112/20/1466 Reply Form Registration as an Interested and Affected Party (Comp/ete and return by 19 June 2009 to Salomon Pienaar) Date: Name of organisation: Date received: (if appllClble) Name & Surname: ! Our reference: , Address Postal: Physical: Status Tel No: Cell No Fax No: Email: . RegIstration as an I&AP: Yes No [ [ I I would like to attend the Public Open Day on 27 May 2009 from 08hOO to I Yes I No I 13hOO at the Thabazimbi Bioscope Hall I would like to attend the Public Open Day on 27 May 2009 from 15h30 to [ Yes I No I 19h30 at the Mogol Conference Hall (Lephalale) Please include the contact details of an~ eossible other I&APs XOU might be aware of: Comments: (note - additional pages may be included if the space provided is insufficient) APPENDIX I-SA IMPACT TABLES: CORRIDOR C_B3 CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION o w o .... ~ 'I: - ~ (.) CI> E z w > I ,!!! CI>_ C 0 ~ w :::i (.) (I) Description ... ~ c 'iii :::;) i.i5 z (f) - ii Identified ~ Management/Mitigation S c a '0 'i:) CI> Impacts of Impact 0 ~ >< W l!! :J CI> W ~ 0 Q.. z (I) ....I (.) (!) Habitat Destruction I Some habitat destruction will fN , , 13 14 18 I 5 en 40 Existing power lines so use of existing access roads will limit take place with impact; servitude dearance the construction especially in woodland areas to of access roads; be restricted as much as maintenance of possible; construction activities . servitudes to be restricted to servitude \'IS c area as far as possible. :J J! Sensitive sites: '> Unfragmented grassland .!! .... c a- w :::i o ~ ~ Identified Description c J!I 0 "iii c ::> a as z Management/Mitigation u Impacts of Impact >< f! J!I w -< a:I -< o '0 Measure & w :l a; UJ C -c UJ z 0 0 Il:: D­ Li: Z > Q) o o ...J en Disturbance Red Data ~14 32 Identified breeding sites and near this corridor species during It is recommended that breeding construction is avoided where season resulting possible during breeding in birds leaving seasons; area or Keep construction activities to populations within construction area; reduced to Prevent poaching of bird nests; disturbance No construction camps to be Situated next to Red Data breeding sites Sensitive sites: Identified Red Data breeding sites on/near farms Beaufort KQ, Kleinbegin KQ Breeding sites east of corridor on / near farms Kameelpan KQ, Kent, Mooigezicht River crossing induding Crocodile & Matlabas CORRIDOR C_3 MITIGATION 0 W .... 0 ~ 't: E (.) Z ~ II) > .... c W ,!! iii 'u !. (/) Identified Impacts Description of Impact .e ~ .e a >< w c :s c c 0 w ~ en c - w :J (/) z :::::i iil c( a::a 0 0:: u Z c( (.) u:: - II) (/) 0 "i > ManagementlMitigation Measure 0 a.. Z ... II) ..J (.) areas where power lines; average corridor threatened flora sensitivity low; limit construction are found, e.g to dry seasons to limit erosion on ridges, on slopes, riparian zones; avoid slopes, activities on river banks and in conservation rivers; walkthrough of final areas, river alignment to identify site banks; specific areas of high sensitivity ~ disturbance of that should be avoided; use 'f unfragmented existing access roads; remove II) vegetation alien and invaSive vegetation. > :s o Sensitive sites: iii River crossings Hilly, mountainous area east of Dwaalboom and escarpment area of National List of I N 3 2 3 8 5 Protected Tree Declared Species Protected Trees that require permiSSion to be removed from servitude during construction CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION Q w .... Q :E ~ w (,) z ~ ~ E o!!! Q) .... .... c ., ~ W ...J (,) ~ a en c 0 "i Identified Description ...:;: .e en ;:) z .... Management/Mitigation °u Q) Impacts of Impact 0 E W e >< ::J c S w inhabit hill I mountainous! :c 0 escarpment areas crossed by power lines iii Destruction of Loss of habitat N In sensitive/pristine and biodiversity grassland areas regional habitat on a regional but lessened by existing power scale (woodland lines and grassland); sensitive habitat indude ridges, koppies, ~ of wetlands, rivers ~ :c o iii CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w 0 .... 0 a­ ; ';: - .. ~ (.) II) E z w > ,!l 11)_ c C 0 a- w ::::i (.) II) Description ... ~ tI) 'iii :J iii z "Ii 'C::> Identified Impacts of Impact 0 ~ S )( I!! c a « (.) .... « 0 Management/Mitigation Measure II) W :::I S W III "i ~- c - tI) Q. tI) C z 0 i:i: > IX: Z 0 (.) 0.. (!) ~ u; Floristic Species Transrormation IN 12 14 14 1 10 14 Existing servitude hence change in ofesp. changes already present; servitude Woodland Topsoil removed during habitat could excavation must be used for result in rehabilitation purposes to establishment of facilitate regrowth of species habitat types not that occur naturally; a- representative of area and in woodland area limit cutting of trees to a minimum to maintain 'f II) invasion of woody layer; > servitudes by rehabilitate eroded areas. :s 0 exotic & invader species; risk iii that this will result in decreased habitat, increased competition; lower numbers of endemic biOi Interaction Poaching; fires poaching; penalise between fauna use of open fires; ensure and construction minimum ground clearance to crew prevent electrocution of large mammals; install anti-climb devices to prevent primates gaining access to towers CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION c c w .... € e .. 0 z ~ w j .! 'iii 'u Q) Q. UJ ManagementIMitigation ii 'u Impacts of Impact .e ;:l f c ~ o Measure Eo )( w ::s ~ c UJ Z UJ o LlveS{OCK to be kept away construction area; production I as moving gates to be closed at all times movement vehicles, noise unless otherwise instructed by may interfere owner; with livestock vehicle speed to be low; off-site storage of hazardous materials; ali holes to be covered or filled in at end of each day_ The negotiation process will identify site specific problem areas, Professiona~ and indepefl(tent, valuations will be Important A common approach with all landowners should be established and communicated and agreed with all District Farmer's Unions. to use local people where possible; a skills register should CJ power lines, be compiled by local 'E unskilled local municipalities in conjunction o c labour could be with Eskom to assist in used for identifying training and o CJ servitude recruitment. w clearance, digging holes for foundations; CORRIDOR C_3 MITIGATION c c w .... (.) ~ E ,!! Identified Description ... c c o ~ 'iii Z W :::) ::::; til Management/Mitigation :! ~ +l c a Impacts of Impact W I! = .e w ~ Measure c c (I) z o a: o a. (.) Hunting and power Compounding along exiting lines tourism activities process could hunting I tourism activities may as more lines and impacted area impact on have adapted to them; to avoid activities No construction during hunting especially on season; hunting season locate power lines next to existing power lines I linear infrastructure to avoid spreading impact. Sensitive areas: In comparison to other corridors, C 83 has medium area of tourism u activity (65.84ha) 'S o Northern section of corridor c Central section below o u Pilanesberg where W concentrations of game farms found The negotiation process will identify site specific problem arell$, A common approach with all landowners Should be established and communicated and agreed with all District Farmer's Unions, CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION CI w ,... CI ~ 'i: u ~ ,! ~ u E Identified Impacts Description of Impact - c ~ c o ;::l l!! ~ 'iii c z w ;:) a w ::i iii ca II) > II) rn '0 Management/Mitigation Measure ~ w :::J Eo rn rn o z u ~ Q. ! Heritage have the most Resources heritage sites in and near them induding at least two 'no-go' resources sites near or in them; if any archaeological relics unearthed during construction ali work in vicinity to stop immediately until the site has been examined, recorded and/or removed. II) C) Sensitive sites: :E II) No-go stone walled site ::I: (Marathodi) on farm Vlakfontein 207JP Cluster of historical farmsteads near Koster within and near to corridor CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE c ~ w c .,.. E 0 z i= ~ ,! 'ii 'u & en Identified Impacts Description of Impact ~I~IC 'iii a iii - ~ c :8 a. -! f! c E W :::I 0 .e en 0 c W ~ ell - w ;:) z :::i 0::: - ~ 'iii ~ o ManagementJMitigation Measure . 0 Il. ..J 0 sites Potential damage of N 11 15 I grave sites individual graves will be widely grave sites by distributed across the study tower area and will occur in each foundations, corridor. Mitigation occurs in construction two stages: camps or construction The negotiation phase will access roads. identify some of the grave sites and will allow local realignment G) Cl of the lines to avoid these S 'j;; areas. Options signed must G) include agreement on access ::t: routes that must avoid these grave sites. CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION o o w ..... € .. 0 z ~ ~ ~ E - c w ::J .!! a> .. ~ ~ "is Identified Description ~ to.. C S 0 ;;::I II) c as ::::> a c( Management/Mitigation '(3 Impacts of Impact ~ >< l'! w ro o Measure a> 0 w ;:, S ~- - c tJ) a> Q. C Z 0 > tJ) 0.::: 0 0 a.. ~ Relocation of For safety 12 I 4 If displacement has to occur, People reasons no compensation (financial or strudures are similarlbetter strudure) must be allowed beneath negotiated; where possible power lines avoid strudures & fragmenting hence existing of communities especially structures that through central sadion of study are located in area west of Pilanesberg where the servitude of there are several scattered the proposed settlements. power lines will need to be Sensitive sites: moved Pockets of dwellings in sadion from Koster "is southwards '(3 0 Farms north and south of tJ) N4 highway T . he negotiation process will identify site specific problem areas. A common approach with all property owners should be established, Fair valuation of properties should be done by an Independent valuator. CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION I~ - :E' ~~~ I w c c E -e s 0 z ~ ~ i w ~ - CP_ C w :::::i II) c 0 o VJ (i Identified Description ... :i ~ II) :::;) iil z Management/Mitigation J2 c a '(3 CD Impacts of Impact 0 ~ )( W :s w :i u:: (3 o Measure ~- VJ Q. VJ Q .5 Z 0 0 0 It: £l. Z C) en 5 4 12 4 48 Aim for local employment as far Construction Workers & Job I sexually transmitted as possible; location of construction camps to be Seekers diseases carefully considered and to be (i '(3 I induding HIVlAids, additional negotiated with local leaders to reduce negative impacts & enhance positive impacts 0 burden on local (purchasing of goods locally, VJ resources; housing of construction workers, etc); awareness campaign especially among construction workers regarding STDs CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION Q w Q ..­ .c:­ 't: u ~ E z ~ .!!! .... c o ~ w :::::i CP en ii Identified Description C ;:I en => iii Management/Mitigation 'u Impacts of Impact ~ l! c a w ;a '0 Measure CP c. W ::::I C ~ en z o i en o a::: CP £l. ...I u Location of construction camps burden on local to be negotiated with affected resources; clash community I landowners and a of cultures; site/s agreed upon; impact on Interaction between community natural & construction workers to be resources such managed and monitored; as streams, fire Encourage workers to purchase wood, etc goods locally so benefit for community; Construction camps to be situated away from water bodies; No open fires allowed in camp; Pollution & sewage to be removed regularly from camp; Poaching strictly forbidden Sensitive sites: • Poor, disadvantaged communities hence negotiations important Water bodies Sensitive vegetation • Breeding sites of Red Data bird species CORRIDOR C_3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION I~ o o .i:' w .... ';: E 0 z ~ II) ! ..., w > ~ w :::i - C In 11)..., c 0 o II) Description ... ~ (f) 'ii Identified .e ;I In :::;) iii z ManagementiMitigation '<:; ~ l! c CS « « o II) Impacts of Impact 0 >< w = .s w m o Measure Q. (f) ~- C c - (f) Z 0 0 I:.t: Q. u:: Z ] 0 52 (f) N 13 12 14 19 15 45 sensitive or pleasing landscapes; disturbance of visual quality During negotiation phase agreement between landowners and Eskom may reduce visual· Visual Impacts on IN 12 14 14 I 10 15 I 50 Existing lines = already Receptors views from disturbed areas + existing lines 'ii residences, may absorb some of the impact ;::, tourist of new lines In destinations, Construction to be limited to => roads servitude area as much as possible; Access and working hours to be negotiated with landowners to limit impact Limit speed of vehicles to reduce noise and dust Sensitive areas: Residences, gameltourism areas where there are no existing power lines in southern section of corridor CORRIDOR OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION E ... W () z ~ - '" CII CII w 'C CII > ! c :::i I/) ii 'u Identified Impacts Description ... ~ of Impact 0 CII ... E c J!I >< 0 :0::1 I!! :::I 'J!I" in c W a iii « '0 :::) w « () m z en () CII Management/Mitigation Measure CII ~- W c en Ci Q. en C - z 0 0 0::: Q. u::: z > CII ..J () C) ;; Stay within servitude and use only access roads Destruction can lead to to access power lines; III some habitat Prevent open fires being made; c destruction Maintenance of vegetation to be as minimal as :::I possible especially trees unless pose a danger J!! w. r. t conductor clearance '; « Habitat disturbance of N 2 4 4 10 4 40 At least one Red data breeding site in corridor; Disturbance Red Data prevent poaching and open fires by maintenance species during crew; breeding Maintain outside breeding season; season resulting Cutting of trees to be as minimal as possible in birds leaving area or Sensitive sites· populations • Identified Red Data breeding Sites on/near reduced to farms Beaufort KQ, Kleinbegin KQ disturbance Breeding sites east of corridor on I near farms Kameelpan KQ, Kent, Mooigezicht River crossing including Crocodile & CORRIDOR C_3 OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION 0 - l .... 0 w (.) i= E ... z GI ( :::i w > .!l GI .... C 0 ~ W (.) GI c "iii 'u GI Identified Impacts Description ... of Impact 0 lil E S >< W ::; l! :::I ";j c .e :::'l a w iii < III z < (.) '" .... 0 ManagementlMitigation Measure ~- u: 1 Co '" c .5 '" z 0 (.) 0 a: Q. ~ GI ....I Sensitive sites: No power lines in 93km before substation ca site hence power lines will be a C in the area that will increase risk of :::I J! hence placing of bird flight diverters and ':;: other mitigatory measures will be important < Red data breeding areas (farms Beaufort, Kleinbegin, Kameelpan, Kent KQ) River crossings erosion Disturbance of N 4 and loss of natural top soil functioning vegetation & ~ topography !! Sensitive sites: GI River crossings > Slopes is o New access roads especially in southern iii section where no existing power lines Destruction of Cut trees instead of removing them; limit cutting Protected as much as possible; do not cut or remove trees Tree Species outside servitude. that require permission to be Walk-thtoU91'! ~urve,to be cond~ed by a removed from speciaJiSt.i;lufil!g detallSd design to identify servitude during site speciflCmanagemeRt me8$Ures. construction CORRIDOR C_3 MITIGATION Co a­ E III - c: c: 0 a­ "iii w 0 Z w ~ ::::i iii - .... ";: Co W 0 CII > CII t/) « .... :;) :; Identified Description ;:; z "2 Q. t/) Impacts of Impact !J e W ::I c - c: CII - c: a w t/) Z 0 0 CII ..J ManagementlMitigation Measure Ongoing removal of alien species during maintenance; Minimise dearance of woodland to limit grassland areas introduction of atypical habitat a­ "e CII New access roads in southem section of > :a o corridor. Need careful monitoring to ensure that any evidence of erosion is dealt with in immediately CORRIDOR C_3 OPERATIONAL PHASE c c >­ .... =E E .. .. w U I­ - (I) ( e Z W > IA ]! Identified Description ... ~ (I) . . e S 0 ., ~ c w :::,) CJ ::::i iil u Z (I) CI) Management/Mitigation Measure (J Impacts of Impact 0 ~ II< l! S W i:a (I) D­ C) .....I U Ui Tourism Impact on 10 5 Existing power lines may infer that land uses hunting & have adapted to their presence; tourism Central & southem section of corridor without activities; power lines hence impact will be higher but less security issues game fanns I tourism activities in south; with Maintenance undertaken outside hunting season maintenance . so as not to impact on economy of ventures; teams; Gates to be dosed at all times; of game No poaching or open fires allowed; helicopters Eskom takes responsibility for loss or damage caused by maintenance teams; Encourage landowners and applicant to reach (J agreements where landowners undertake 'E 0 maintenance e 0 Sensitive sites: (J W Corridor has a medium to high area that has game farms in north and centre of study area The negotiation process will identify site specific problem areas, Professional, and independent, valuations will be important A common approach with all landowners should be established and communicated and agreed with all District Farmer's Unions. CORRIDOR OPERATIONAL PHASE w 0 .... 0 a­ .;: 0 ~ - ., ~ <11­ C W C l! :::J S w m 0 0 W Q. (f.) ~- C .: (f.) Z 0 0:: r;: Q) > Z CP_ C ~ w :::::i - CP ~ c 0 CD z 0 Description ... ~ rJ) 'iii a « « .... ::::) lIS Identified ¢I ~ c 'u I! Management/Mitigation Measure ¢I Impacts . of Impact ~ E >< W :::I S w m 0 0 Q. rJ) 2:­ 0 .5 rJ) z IX0 u:: 'i > 0 Q. Z ... ¢I ....I 0 and slopes .¥ could lead to til fires that could ii: affect f functioning of !E power lines "C lIS o ....I 'i :::I u.. APPENDIX 1-88 IMPACT TABLES: CORRIDOR D CORRIDORD MITIGATION w ~ W 'r;: E ,!! iii Identified Descriptio n of .. c .!I c 0 :;:; ~ In c U Z w :::) a « ~ ::J iXi U z « u II) > II) tJ) ManagementlMitigati 'u Impacts >< f! w In u:: '0 on Measure Impact ::I .!I & W c .5 tJ) 0 Z Cii tJ) Z 0 0:: Q. (!) ;; t ..J U power lines so use Medium in Northern destruction of existing access roads will Turfveld IBA unless will take place limit any additional impacts; carefully managed; with the Servitude clearance marginal elsewihere construction especially in woodland areas of access to be restricted as much as roads; possible; Construction maintenance activities to be restricted to .of servitudes; servitude area as far as III possible. C Corridor D :::J ~ crosses 6.7km Sensitive sites: 'S: of Northern Northern Turfveld IBA « Turfveld needs to be carefully Important Bird managed as iml Area could be high in specific area CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w w :E E .f! Ci .~ Identified Impacts Descriptio nof Impact -C C .e e .e a )( :s 0 :;:I w Q .5 ww ~ CI'l c 0 Z w :::l ~ ::i in < u:: m Z 0 0 z < 0 ~ CD w '0 'ii ManagementlMitigati on Measure w z a: (!) > CD 0 a.. (ij ..J 0 Habitat disturbance of I N Disturbance Red Data during breeding seasons; species during Use only existing access breeding roads; season Keep construction activities & resulting in vehides to within birds leaving construction area; area or no poaching of bird nests, populations no construction camps to be reduoed; situated next to Red Data CorridorD breeding sites crosses 6.7km of Northem Sensitive sites: Turfveld Northem Turfveld IBA Important Bird hence construction Area which is activities to be highly home to Red managed as impact Data species could be high in this specific area CORRIDOR 0 MITIGATION w w .a­ ';: - .. ~ (,) E Z (,) g! w ::::i z - c ,le Descriptio C 0 ?1 :::> m « G> t/) ManagementiMitigati ~ u Identified Impacts n of .e )( I! I/) c w « (,) .e 0 CD u::: 0 on Measure G> Co Impact W :::J c .5 t/) 0 Z -; t/) z a:: (!I > G> 0 a. u; ....I (,) areas where threatened flora are found, e.g on ridges, slopes, conservation areas, river banks; disturbance of .a­ '~ untransformed vegetation G> > :0 o iii CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE w ~ W "I: 0 ~ 0 CII E 1/1 ~ 1l ... C ~ z w ::::i z > CII a m u:: c 0 U) cr: (!) 0 0 a. (i) .3 require permission to be removed from servitude during construction localised habitat IN 12 I2 13 17 I3 Faunal Species occupied by "~ faunal species is impacted on f CII to such an > :c 0 extent that species as vacate the area CORRIDOR D CONSTRUCTION PHASE w ~ W 1: E ... 0 Z ~ 0 CD > - C ~ Z .s ., 'iii a .!!! W ..J CD Descriptio c 0 c( tJ) iii Identified c ~ iii 0 ManagementlMitigati 'y n of I! .s w c( u:: 0 Impacts >< :::s til on Measure CD Q. Impact w c .E tJ) 0 Z -; tJ) Z D::: C) > CD 0 D.. tii ..J 0 Loss area habitat and damage/cutting of trees to a biodiversity on minimum so that a Significant a regional portion is left intact to limit scale adverse impacts and (woodland establishment of atypical and habitat; prevent open fires; grassland); prevent alien flora being ~ .~ Average corridor introduced. CD > biodiversity Sensitive sites: :g Sensitivity is Natural grassland areas o moderate to in south; iii high with Mountainous area south areas of west of Thabazimbe natural untransformed habitat CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION E 1/1 (;j '(3 G> Q. en Identified Impacts Descriptio n of Impact I ~ 5 a. ~..5 .... c J!I >< w t: 0 ;:I I! :I a ~ .; J!I - c c w 0 z W a m 0 :::l en z 0 G> G> en 'C Gi > G> ManagementiMitigati on Measure a. en ...J 0 4 4 10 4 40 Existing servitude hence Species change in I n of esp. Woodland changes may already exist; Top soil removed during servitude habitat could A excavation must be used for result in rehabilitation purposes to establishment facilitate regrowth of species of habitat that occur naturally; types not in woodland area limit cutting representative of trees to a minimum to ~ of area and maintain woody layer; f! invasion of rehabilitate eroded areas to G> servitudes by prevent invasion of alien > :c C exotic & invader species. CD species; risk Sensitive sites: that this will • Woodland area result in Natural grassland decreased habitat, increased competition; lower numbers of endemic biota lching; IN fires construction crew CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION .t:­ [ii - w w .;: O i=: z 411 E c z ::::i 0 > ~ w iii 0 ~ .!! Descriptio c 0 < 1; Identified n of ~ 0­ S :;::; f! II) c :::l 0 < .... ManagementlMitigati m u::: "iii '(3 0 Impacts I< S w on Measure 411 Impact ~ .E W ::s Z > 0­ U) 0 - C U) z 0 0 ~ CJ 411 0 0... Ui ....I in N 4 4 10 3 30 Dry land farming can occur Cultivated emphasis at below power lines with little LandlProductio present on disturbance apart from n food machinery avoiding tower production for structures and supporting country; cables; construction place pOwer lines on side of activities may centre pivots; impact on ensure that construction ploughing takes place outside season & plantinglharvesting season; other compensation for loss of activities; arable land to be negotiated. centre pivot irrigation may Sensitive sites: be higher Farms under centre (,,) especially in pivot irrigation in south .~ thesouthem and along Crocodile half of project River c area Use of GPS in planting o (,,) w The negotiation process will identify site specific problem areas. Professional, and independent, valuations will be Important A common approach with all landowners should be established and communicated and agreed with all District Farmer's Unions and Community leaders CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w ~ .. W 'i: (.) ~ .s . (.) QI E Z z > ,!!! Descriptio C ~ W ::::i QI ~ 0 (/) 'iii Identified C 'en :::J iii .... ManagementlMitigati .s a 'y nof I! c < w m i! on Measure !. Impact w ::I Z 'ii (/) 0 -c (/) z 0 0 a:: 0.. CI > QI (.) Ci.i ....I Construction 2 2 5 3 15 Livestock to be kept away activities such from construction area; gates production I I as moving to be closed at all times movement vehicles, unless otherwise instructed noise may by owner; vehicle speed to interfere with be low; off-site storage of livestock hazardous materials; all holes to be covered or filled in at end of each day. Sensitive areas: CattJefarms Communal land The negotiation process will identify site specific problem arvas, Professional, and independent, valuations will be Important A common approach with all landowners should be established and communicated and agreed with all District Farmer's Unions and Community Leaders CORRIDOR D CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w ~ .. W ;: 0 z ~ 0 QI ~ 11 E c: w :::i z > In c: 0 ~ oct QI t/) C; Identified Cescriptlo S ;; In ::;) a iii 0 ManagementiMitigati 'y Impacts n of 6 Q, II< e c: w oct u:: '5 on Measure Impact ~.§ w :s S a:'I QI Q, t/) c - c: t/) Z 0 0 0:: 1:1.. Z (!) u; iii > QI ...I 0 Job Although p 2 2 4 8 3 24 Contractors to be opportunities skilled people encouraged to use loCal required to people where possible; a construct skills register should be (..) power lines, compiled by local 'E unskilled local labour could municipalities in conjunction with Eskom to assist in 0 c: be used for identifying training and 0 (..) servitude recruitment W clearance, digging holes for foundations; CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w W ~ E 0 Z ~ 0 z Q) > .!! Descriptio ~Ie ~ w :::i Q) en ~ OIl( tii 'y l!­ Identified Impacts n of Impact i c W ::J I/) c S .E ~ a W en iii ca 0 0 u::: Z .... 0 "i ManagementiMitigati on Measure en z 0::: (!) > Q) 0 a. (ij ...I 0 4 8 5 40 power lines hence tourism process could hunting I tourism activities activities impact on may have adapted to them; activities construct after hunting especially on season; place power lines hunting next to existing power lines I season linear infrastructure to avoid spreading impact Sensitive sites: .!:! Rhino Eco Park E o The negotiation process c will identify site specific o u problem areas. A common W approach with all landowners should be established and communicated and agreed with ail District farmer's Unions & community leaders. CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w w ~... E 0 z ~ 0 z G> > ~ :::l ~n= W G> .!!! Descriptio ~ i i en W !Xl on Measure 8­ Impact ::I c Z Cii UJ Q - UJ Z 0 0 0:: (!) > G> 0 Q. Ui ....I Heritage Heritage Resources kept in servitude to be clearly demarcated to avoid rescurces damage; if any archaeological relics unearthed during oonstruction all work in vicinity to stop immediately until the site has been examined, reoorded and/or removed; G> keep oonstruction activities CD within servitude area J! ";: G> SenSitive sites: ::J: At least 2 'no go' sites south of Pilanesberg on farms Selonskraal and Boekenhoutfontein Route alignment can avoid above sites CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE w ~ w ·c E c 0 z i= 0 z ~ ~ w a Iw I .s III :::l Q) Descriptio ~ t; c ~ c( UJ ~ Identified III ::) iii ManagementIMitigati .~ Impacts n of ~ ~ I! c a w c( 0 i.i: '0 on Measure Impact ! .§ S III "i Q. - c UJ z 0 Z > UJ ~ (!) Q) 0 0 a.. rn ..J 5 4 10 I 4 40 sites and damage of graves will be grave sites by widely distributed across the tower study area and will occur in foundations, each corridor. Mitigation construction occurs in two stages: camps or construction The negotiation phase will access roads. identify some of the grave sites and win allow local Q) realignment of the lines to ell avoid these areas. Options :E Q). signed must include agreement on access routes ::J: that must avoid these grave sites. CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE r~ w w :e- E II) :;; '2 Identified Impacts Descriptio ~ ~ n of Impact ~ Q. ~.5 - c ~ w c 0 :w I! :::J l:' II) .e a c c w en O Z w :::;) ~ :::i iii > G> en 'S "iii ManagementiMitigati on Measure Q. c - z 0 en 0 0:: 0.. ~ u.; li ...J 0 Relocation of No structures I N 2 5 5 12 I 4 48 has to occur, People allowed compensation (financial or beneath similarlbetter structure) must power lines be negotiated; where hence existing possible avoid structures & structures fragmenting of communities. may need to be moved Sensitive sites: Area near Spitskop substation Area where new lines are not following existing power lines dose to Pilanesberg 1"11 and from farm 'g Hartebeestfontein 431JP to Epsilon en The negotiation process will Identify site specific problem areas. A common approach with all property owneflS should be established, Fair valuation of properties should be done by an Independent valuator, CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w 0 ~ w 0 € CII z ~ ':l E z > .... ~ w :::l - C ,! c 0 « CII U) ti Identified Descriptio :;::I 'iii ::::) iii ManagementlMitigati 'u nof a! J!I I! c a « u:: 0 CII Impacts Impact ~.5 >< w :::I .... CII c W CD Z 0 '1i on Measure c. U) 0 - U) Z 0 0 0:: (!) j > 0 Q. iii Increased risk N 4 5 4 13 4 52 Aim for local employment as Construction of sexually far as possible; location of Workers & Job transmitted construction camps to be Seekers diseases carefully considered and to induding be negotiated with local HIVlAids, leaders to reduce negative ti I additional impacts & enhance positive 'u 0 burden on impacts (purchasing of goods U) local locally, housing of resources; construction workers, etc); awareness campaign especially among construction workers regarding STDs . CORRIDOR 0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION w ~ w ';:: 0 z ~ 0 CII ~ g E z > til .... c C 0 ~ w ::i c( CII tJ) -; Identified Descriptio ~ til ::::) CD ManagementlMitigati 'u Impacts n of ~ Q. -! l! c a w c( 0 u:: '0 on Measure CII ~.E w :J S m Q. Impact C - C tJ) Z 0 Z G> > tJ) D:: (!) CII 0 0 Q. u; ..J Location of Increased risk N 12 12 14 18 Location of construction construction of burden on (can camps to be negotiated with camps local be affected community I resources: P) landowners and a site/s clash of agreed upon; cultures; Interaction between impact on community & construction natural workers to be managed and resources monitored; such as Encourage workers to streams, fire purchase goods locally so wood, etc benefit for community; Construction camps to be situated away from water bodies: No open fires allowed in camp; Pollution & sewage to be removed regularly from camp; Poaching strictly forbidden Sensitive sites: Poor, disadvantaged communities esp. from Spitksop substation to the area around the Pilanesberg Water bodies Sensitive vegetation • Breeding sites of Red Data bird species CORRIDORD MITIGATION I ",;£';J,;\i&:}l:i1fu#3i\'J-}i\ W w a­ 'C 0 z ~ 0 Q) E .!! ... c a­ w :::::i z « .... > Q) a as Descriptio c 0 'iii ::) UJ iii Identified :;:; 0 ManagementlMitigati .~ Impacts n of Impact ~ w e ::s c ... Q) w ca Li:0 on Measure Co c - c UJ Z 0 Z iii > UJ £t:: C) Q) 0 0 a.. en ...J Scenic Quality areas pleasing such as water bodies, hills landscapes or and rocky outcrops, visual quality undisturbed areas that have by a high visual value. The construction existing power lines have activities detracted from the visual quality of the corridor hence placing the lines next to these may limit the negative on N 2 4 4 10 I 5 existing lines, from receptors may have adapted; residences, Construction activities to be tourist restricted to servitude; iii destinations; Access and hours of work ::s land to be negotiated with til :> landowners; Above conditions to be adhered to; No speeding allowed to reduce noise and dust impacts Sensitive sites: Eco Rhino Park Pilanesberg where denser populations = more people seeing power lines Tourism ventures CORRIDOR 0 OPERAllONAl PHASE .r:­ ';: (I) Z ~ E I­ > II) (I) .... .... C .r:­ w ::::i W (I) ti '0 Identified Impacts Description ... ~ of Impact 0 ~ c -! 0 :;::; f! 'jj) c oS a iii < :::l W < (J III z (J ... (I) 0 Management/Mitigation Measure (I) ::l c. (I) ~- W C - c (I) ~ 0 ~ ~ iii > (I) ...I Habitat Destruction I Maintenance can lead to N 4 3 8 5 40 Stay within servitude and use roads to reach power lines; some habitat Prevent open fires being made; destruction Maintenance of vegetation to be as minimal as possible especially trees 111 unless pose a danger w.r.t conductor c clearance ::l J! 'S;: Sensitive areas: < Northern Turfveld IBA where over zealous maintenance can have high impact on this area disturbance of N 3 4 4 11 3 33 Prevent poaching and open Disturbance Red Data maintenance crew; species during Maintain outside breeding season; breeding Cutting oftrees to be as minimal as season resulting possible in birds leaving area or Sensitive sites: populations • Northern Turfveld IBA; impact reduced to could be potentially hioh if disturbance maintenance teams breeding birds; remove eggs, CORRIDOR 0 OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION E c:: W 0 z ~ 0 0 ..... w .. ~ (I) > CI') ~ '2 Q. t/) Identified Impacts Description ~ iii of Impact ~ ~ ; I~ 0 ;:I f!! ::s 0 ~CI') c:: .... - (I) c:: W ::I iii z a « « w III 0 en z :::i 0 It: 0 i:i: -(I) t/) 0 'G) > Management/Mitigation Measure 0 CL. Z (I) ...I 0 (,') en with IN 13 14 I3 10 Addition of new lines Wttl1 eXisting power earth wires and lines will make power lines even more conductors visible to birds lessening risk of collisions; Attaching bird flight diverters as instructed by specialist Sensitive sites: 11:1 c:: No power lines in close to 100km ::s before substation site hence power J! lines will be a new impact in the area ~ that will increase risk of COllisions Northern Turfveld ISA River crossings erosion Disturbance of N 4 3 8 3 _ access and loss of natural maintained; top soil functioning New access roads to be closely monitored vegetation & for any erosion ~ topography 'iil Sensitive sites: ~ River crossings :s o Slopes m CORRIDOR D OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION c w c .­ a- 'i: z ~ w 0 G) E > ..... c a- =» ::J 0 I Jj ; - I/) 0 W G) a iii z (/) :; Identified Description ~ ~ +:I 'iii Management/Mitigation c '~ Impacts of Impact ~ ~ f ::s < .. S W In < 0 Measure Q, (/) 0 - c (/) z 0 0 a:: a. 0 of Protected Dedared .+'14 Cut trees instead of removing them; Ii cutting as much as possible; do not cut or Tree Species Protected Trees remove trees outside servitude. that require pennission to be removed from servitude during construction Floristic Alien plants IN 12 species invading maintenance; change in woodland & Minimise dearance of woodland to limit servitude grassland areas introduction of atypical habitat a­ Sensitive sites: 'f New access roads in southern G) Secti on of corridor. Need careful > :g monitoring to ensure that any o evidence of invasion of exotic plants iii is dealt with immediately CORRIDOR D OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION 0 w .... 0 b ·c 0 z ~ CD I i I:8 E w :::i w > ~ b /I) 0 CD ~ f/') ~ Identified Description i;j C 'iii c ;:) (J iii z Management/Mitigation .~ Impacts of Impact ~ ~ w ~ .$ w ..... c .i:' w ::::i CII IiO :;; Identified Description ~ ;U I ii 0 :w 'iii c ::::I a in < 0 0 z ... (/J Management/Mitigation 'g Impacts of Impact ~ ~ ;H = l! J!l w m < 0 Measure Q. (/J Q -c (/J Z 0 0 0:: 0.. !!; z .~ Cii > CII ...J 0 Tourism: power lines could reduce impact Reduced power lines may of new lines as it is not a completely new property dissuade visitors intrusion or impact on the areas value and hunters Avoid smaller farms «500ha) if possible; hence impact on Maintenance to be done outside hunting economic output season; holidays of property; Access to be arranged with landowner smaller farms prior to maintenance to ensure that not will have higher impacting on work/game capture, etc impact as constraints with The negotiation process will identify moving activities site specific problem areas. away from line Professional. and independent, vah.l~ions win be important A common appr~ch with an landowners should be established and communicated and agreed with all District Farmer's Unions. CORRIDORD OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION w -f 0 0 ; ~ () (II z E ,!!! Description .. ~ (II ... ... c c 0 ~ W :::::i w () > (II ~ Identified :;::; 'iii ::) a iii z .... U) Management/Mitigation u (II Impacts of Impact 0 ~ ~ I! ::l c S W c( a:J c( () 0 Measure 0. U) ~- W C - c U) z 0 0 0: Q.. u:: Z (jj > (II ...I () e" i.i) Agriculture: Reduction in 9 5 45 Alignment of recommended route to avoid Reduced area crop centre pivots where possible; property farming or other Befpre and after evaluations to assess value land uses are compensation for possible loss of income impacted on that will lead to a Sensitive areas: reduction in In the areas where centre pivot irrigation is profits/output used the most frequent, i.e. in the south, there are no existing power lines hence u they will be a new impact on area unused 's 0 to suoh impacts c 0 The negotiation process will identify u W site specific problem areas. Professional, and independent, valuations will be Important A common approach with all landowners should be established and communicated and agreed with all District Farmer's Unions, CORRIDOR 0 OPERATIONAL PHASE w = a­ = "0: .... E (..) ~ CD I" Z > a­ W ~ II) w :::::i CD :; "2 Identified Description ~ ~ ~ CiS I Jj 5.i ~ ~ "iii c ::> a iii CD ....I (..) Heritage Maintenance and repairs to be Resources servitude area; Use existing access roads resources Any damage caused to heritage sites within servitude must be reported to SAHRA and repaired under their advise CD CI Sensitive sites: .1'!1 No go sites on farms Selonskraal and "0: CD Boekenhoutfontein south of :t: Pilanesberg; route alignment will avoid them CORRIDOR 0 OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION 0 w .... 0 b .;: ~ - 0 CI) z ~ E I/) CI) .... c b w :::i w > CI) c 0 0 tn Description .. ~ :.c "ii J iii z Management/Mitigation - Identified .!! u Impacts of Impact 0 ~ 13 )( l! c CI) a W c( c( '0 Measure :::I III 0 - CI) W ~- c 'iii C/) Q. C z 0 ii: > tn IX Z CI) 0 Il. ....I 0 (!) en sense of in I connectedness , The sense of IN 12 14 14 I 10 5 ntenance and repairs to be kept to servitude area; place place Use existing access roads attachment that Umit speed to reduce noise people have Work within normal working hours with an area Avoid maintenance during hunting season might be and holidays disturbed; Sensitive sites: ii Game farms, tourism ventures 'j) 0 tn The negotiation process will identify site specific problem areas. A common approach with all property owners should be established. Fair valuation of properties should be done by an IndependentvakRrto~ CORRIDOR D OPERATIONAL PHASE MITIGATION c c w ..... -'=' 'I: 0 z ~ ll> ~ E ll>_ .... C w ::::i w > ,!! c 0 -'=' ;:) iii 0 z ll> U) - iO Identified Description ...:; ~ (II Management/Mitigation .!l e c a '0 ~ ~ '(j oc( ll> Impacts of Impact 0 >< ::I ll> W 0 Measure W Q. U) ~- C - c U) z 0 IX! u: iii > 0 D­ Z ll> ..J 0 C) Cii failure due to fires Iand slopes could lead to 4 14 11 5 Selectively remove or cut trees Clear alien vegetation and trees from within and from side of servitude to reduce fires that could fuel load; affect Prescribed burning of servitude to reduce functioning of fire risk; .:.: 1power lines Intensive servitude maintenance program (II ii Sensitive sites/areas: e Corridor has a high fire risk in terms E of areas of high fuel and high slopes 't:J (\S as crosses mountainous area south 0 west of Thabazimbi; also situated ..J dose to railway line that is attributed iii with causing fires ::I U. APPENDIX 1-9 DETAILED ROUTE DESCRIPTION CORRIDOR C_B3 -------­ CORRIDOR C_83 FARMNAMES ~~~~ DESCRIPTION COMMENT FARM NAME ZANDNEK 358 LQ Crosses farm to reach existing power lines ROOIPAN 357 LQ Route Aliqnment East of Power Lines 366LQ East of Power Lines GROOTLAAGTE 354 LQ East of Power Lines ROOIPAN 357 LQ East of Power Lines ZANDFONTEIN 382 LQ East of Power Lines WlLDEBEESTFONTEIN 381 LQ East of Power Lines DIEPSPRUIT 386 LQ -------­ ~~~- East of Power Lines ZANDFONTEIN 394 LQ East of Power lines ELYSIUM 395 LQ East of Power Lines • PALMIETVLEI396 LQ East of Power lines LEAMINGTON 20 KQ -------­ ~~- East of Power lines Cross Matlabas River WEGDRAAI 18 KQ East of Power lines WERKKRAAL41KQ East of Power lines 45KQ East of Power lines LIVERPOOL 44 KQ East of Power lines; crossing 132kV line PATRYSVLY 58 KQ ~---~~ ~~--- East of Power lines KAMEELLAAGTE 61 KQ -~~ ----- East of Power lines, crossing road KLiPPAN 82 KQ East of Power lines HONEYMOON 80 KQ East of Power lines KAMEELDRAAI 77 KQ E East of Power lines KAMEELPAN 79 KQ East of Power lines -----­ LEEUWDRIFT 78 KQ AGRIC East of Power lines Cross Crocodile River 72KQ East of Power lines BETHANIE 112 KQ East of Power lines Impacts on centrE! pivot structures, recommend one line situated west W1LDEBEESTVLY 115 KO East of Power lines ----------­ DWAALPAN 297 KO East of Power lines VLAKPLAATS 293 KO East of Power lines BLOEMHOF 296 KO East of Power lines BEAUFORT 326 KO East of Power lines KLEINBEGIN 327 KO East of Power lines ---------­ CRAUSEBURG 328 KO East of Power lines ----------­ MOORLAND 234 KO East of Power lines ----------­ -------­ ~~~~- CYFERKUIL 330 KO Cross 3x 400kV power lines -------­ RHENOSTERKOP251 KP West of Power Line Avoid Mokaalonena settlement BOSCHKOP 252 KP West of Power Line -------­ ~~~~- DOORNLAAGTE 258 KP West of Power Line ZOETDOORNS 259 ZOETDOORNS 259 KP West of Power Line Cross 132kV power lines KP ~~~~ _ _i DROOGESLOOT 285 KP No existilla power lines Link to southwest to join Corridor B. space constraints due to villages and hill DROOGESLO~ 285KP KAMEELBOOM 284 KAMEELBOOM 284 KP Cross farm -------­ KP VLAKPLAATS 283 VLAKPLAATS 283 KP Cross farm KP VLAKPLAATS 283 VLAKPLAATS 283 KP Cross farm Avoid settlements KP ~IERKRML 134 JP Cross farm ----------­ BIERKRAAL 134 JP DE KAMEELKUIL 130 JP West of Power Line KRUGERSKOP 124 JP West of Power Line LEEUWKOP 140 JP West of Power Line LEEUWKOP 140 JP West of Power Line ---­ VLAKFONTEIN 164 JP ~ ~~~ ~~ West of Power Line --- LlLIPUT 166 JP West of Power Une DAVIDSKUIL 167 JP West of Power Une TWEELAAGTE 175 JP -­ West of Power Une BULFONTEIN 204 JP West of Power Une BULFONTEIN 204 JP West of Power Une DIAMANT 206 JP West of Power Une VLAKFONTEIN 207 JP West of Power Une VLAKLAAGTE 215 JP West of Power Une HOOGEBOOMEN 232 JP -­ f--vve~ofPower Une HOOGEBOOMEN 232 JP West of Power Une LEMOENFONTEIN 387 JP !---------"-­ --­ West of Power Une BULHOEK 389 JP West of Power Une Buildinqs may be crossed; cross to east f----­ BULHOEK 389 JP East of Power Une 394 JP East of Power Une AMORVILLE 399 JP ----­ East of Power Une 394 JP East of Power Une Buildings on either side of power lines, WYSFONTEIN 427 JP ---- Eastof Power Une, cross 88KV lines recommended one line to west, 2 to east WATERVAL 428 JP East of Power Une GROENFONTEIN 429 JP East of Power Une HARTBEESTFONTEIN 433 JP ----­ East of Power Une Two sets of buildings may be crossed ---­ Existing power lines deviate away from KOSTERFONTEIN 460 JP East of Power lines corridor,~roposed lines cross farm KORTFONTEIN 461 JP Cross farm Cross building on R52 Difficult to follow fann boundary; will cross hill or go through river with possible buildings WATERVAL 462 JP Cross fann on either side of river GROENFONTEIN RIETFONTEIN 464 JP Fann Boundary 498JP 496JP Farm Boundary FLAKFARKPAN 497 JP ~KFARKPAN 497 JP Cross fann Difficult to follow farm boundary LELIEFONTEIN 138 JP Cross farm KLiPPAN 140 IP Farm boundary Will impact on centre pivots & buildinQs ~ZYV~BIPLAAT170IP Fann Boundary ZVVARTPLAAT170lP Farm boundary Centre pivots, buildings may be impacted MELVILL 1751P DOORNPLAAT 177 DROOGPAN 178 IP Farm boundary, IP BRUIDEGOMSKRAAL 179 IP Fann boundary ROODEPAN 1801P MODDERFONTEIN 1871P Fann Boundarv Cross N14 UITKYK 184IP MODDERFONTEIN 187 IP Cross fann RIETFONTEIN 210 IP Farm boundary MODDERFONTEIN 1871P RIETFONTEIN 210 IP Farm boundary BLESBOKFONTEIN 2111P Cross centre pivots, cross buildings near KAALFONTEIN 212 IP Cross farm R53, move lines to west ZUURBULT JE 230 IP Fann boundary W1TPOORT 231 IP SYFERFONTEIN 351 IP Cross building close to boundary with Cross fann Leeuwfontein Many buildings, keep west as much as is possible to avoid as few buildings as LEEUWFONTEIN 350 IP Cross farm possible Many buildings both east and west of centre KROMDRAAI 352 IP Cross fann line RIETKUIL 378 IP Cross fann APPENDIX 1-10 DETAILED ROUTE DESCRIPTION CORRIDOR D --------­ FARMNAMES DESCRIPTION COMMENT FARMNAMES ZANDNEK 358 LQ Cross farm Substation Site ZANDEK 358 LQ ROOIPAN 357 LQ Farm boundary RHENOSTERPAN361LQ 366 LQ Farm Boundary RHENOSTERPAN361 LQ 366 LQ Cross farm KLlPKLOOF 365 LQ Cross farm KLlPKLOOF 365 LQ Joint existing power lines, new lines MODDERFONTEIN 385 LQ west of power lines MODDERFONTEIN 385 MABULSKOP 406LQ West of power lines MABULSKOP 406LQ GROEN LAND 397 LQ West of power lines GROEN LAND 397 LQ INKERMANN 10KQ West of power lines Cross 132kV power lines RIETFONTEIN 15 KQ West of power lines Cross MaUabas River COLCHESTER 17 KQ West of power lines WELGEVONDEN 16 KQ West of power lines ROOIBOSCHBUL T 47 KQ West of power lines KLiPPAN 52 KQ West of power lines Cross over power lines? SPRINGBOKVLEI 55 KQ West of power lines YSTERPAN 89 KQ West of power lines Cross structure DRIEHOEK 91 KQ West of power lines Small property 88KQ West of power lines KRUGERSPAN 86 KQ West of power lines Close to dwellinQs FRANKSVLEY 100 KQ West of power lines ROOIBOKVLEI102 KQ West of power lines RIETKUIL 101 KQ West of power lines BUFFELSVLEY 127 KQ West of power lines AMSTERDAM 123 KQ West of power lines BUFFELSVLEY 127 KQ PAARL 124 KQ West of power lines MECKLENBURG 310 KQ West of power lines STRATFORD 462 KQ West of power lines Cross Crocodile River SWEETHOME 322 KQ West of power lines Mining heritage site on farm NOOlTGEDACHT 339 KQ West of power lines WATERVAL 337 KQ Westof power lines Crossing hills DE BLAUWE BANKEN 340 KQ West of power lines Crossing hills 353KQ West of power lines I ..... Cross existing power lines to run east 354KQ of power lines ! HARTBEESTKOPJE 367 KQ East of power lines VLAKPOORT 388 KQ East of power lines MODDERGAT 389 KQ East of power lines OSKUIL 390 KQ East of power lines GROOTKUIL 409 KQ East of power lines Spitskop substation; east cross buildings; west cross i WlLDEBEESTLAAGTE 411 KQ East of Spitskop substation many power lines ------------­ VARKFONTEIN 13 JQ East of power lines Cross structure? KOEDOESSPRUIT 33 JQ East of power lines -------------­ LEEUWFONTEIN 35 JQ East of power lines existing lines deviate to east ROODEBANK 64 JQ Cross existing power lines; away from proposed lines ------------­ Lines go between buildings, VADERLAND 63 JQ Cross farm possible space constraints ---------­ KUPFONTEIN 60 JQ Cross farm & existing power lines ZANDDRIFT 28 JQ Cross farm & existing power lines RUFFELSFONTEIN 85 JQ Cross farm & existing power lines RHENOSTERFONTEIN 86 JQ Cross farm & existing power lines ------------­ RHENOSTERSPRUIT 908 JQ South of existing power lines Running parallel to river FRISCHGEWAAGD 96 JQ Cross farm, R565 ONDERSTEPOORT98JQ Farm boundary; cross buildings ELANDSFONTEIN 102 JQ PAUL BODENSTEIN LANDGOED 57 Cross farm & buildings; move lines JQ east toa"oidbuildings RHENOSTERDOORNS 235 JP Farm boundary STROOMRIVIER 236 JP STROOMRIVIER 236 JP Farm boundary WATERVAL 333 JP ............ Farm boundary STROOMRIVIER 236 JP RHENOSTERFONTEIN East of power lines KUPSPUIT 391 JP East of power lines Buildings on east TWEERIVIER 253 JQ East of power lines, close to road & L ...... cross N4; space constraints ------------­ --------­ -----­ ~~- ~~--~~ ----­ MOEDWIL 254 JQ Cross to West of existing power lines HARTEBEESTFONTEIN 431 JP West of power line, farm boundary MOEDWlL 254 JQ SELONSKRAAL 317 JQ West of power line SELONSKRAAL317JQ Existing power lines deviate away from proposed power lines to east; proposed DOORNLAAGTE 319 JQ Farm boundary power lines cross R52 ROODEWAL 322 JQ ROODEWAL 322 JQ Cross Farm NAAUWKLOOF 321 JQ Farm Boundary VLAKHOEK 323 JQ HONINGNESTKRANS 367 JQ Cross farm VLAKHOEK 323 JQ Farm Boundary HONINGNESTKRANS 367 JQ VLAKHOEK 323 JQ Farm Boundary ELANDSFONTEIN 366 JQ SPITSKOP 368 JQ Farf11_t:loundary Cross existing power lines ELANDSFONTEIN 366 JO Very close to farm buildings, move lines more west, VLAKFONTEIN 373 JO Cross farm Derby situated to west RIETFONTEIN Farm boundary DWARSFONTEIN11Q Centre pivots on GROENFONTEIN 498 JP Farm boundary Dwarsfontein DWARSFONTEIN 11Q LELIEFONTEIN 138 IP Farm boundary -----­ Close to and west of large complex of buildings on LELIEFONTEIN 138 IP Farm boundary Wolvengat WOLVENGAT 21Q Cross buildings on either WOLVENGAT 210 Cross farm side of centre line WOLVENGAT 210 ALMORO 173 IP Farm boundary Cross buildings WOLVENGAT 21Q ALMORO 173 IP Farm boundary AVONDZON 710 MELVILL 1751P Farm boundary ILLMASDALE 70 IQ WILDEBEESTLAAGTE 72 10 DOORNPLAAT 177IP Farm boundary -------- -------- ------- ?Ouarry/mining on both ROODEPAN 180 IP Farm boundary RYEDALE 75 10 farms ----------- ........ ~ NAME OF FARM UNKNOWN Cross farm Cross N14 Neighbouring farm to east is OATLANDS 79110 ------- MODDERFONTEIN 188 IP Cross farm Close to buildings on east and west of centre line Close to buildings on west BLESBOKFONTEIN 211 IP Cross farm on centre line Several buildings may be WITPOORT 231 IP Cross farm crossed, cross R53... ------ ­ .... -------- Crossing buildings on both SYFERFONTEIN 351 IP Farm boundary farms, R53 SYFERKUIL WELGEGUND Cross farm Army Ground? -------- WELGEVONDEN Cross farm MODDERFONTEIN 3831P Cross farm, possible substation site