58214 2009 ANNUAL REPORT A 60 2009 ANNUAL REPORT July 2010 Water Partnership Program (WPP) ETWWA - The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Contact: Diego Rodriguez, Program Manager drodriguez1@worldbank.org Matthijs Schuring, Program Coordinator mschuring@worldbank.org Definitions Activity A project funded by the Water Partnership Program (WPP). Activities are proposed through a Grant Funding Request (GFR). Child Trust Fund A term used by the World Bank Trust Fund Office to describe a disbursing trust fund located beneath a non-disbursing trust fund in the trust fund hierarchy. In the case of the WPP, a child trust fund is an activity-level trust fund that is created through a Grant Funding Request (GFR), under the main WPP Trust Fund. Component A cohesive set of activities, to be carried out within the timeframe of the work plan, that all address a similar issue. A work plan consists of one or more components. Emerging Priorities New components or activities that are critical to the work of the Bank, but that were not identified in the work plan at the time of submission. Grant Funding Request A Web-based tool to automate the creation of activity-level trust funds (Child Trust Funds). (GFR) Grant Reporting and A Web-based tool to report on the progress or completion of Child Trust Funds. Monitoring (GRM) WPP Review Panel A panel of Bank staff experts in different fields within the water sector who provide technical reviews, jointly with the Program Management Team, of strategic work plans and proposals of individual activities. Lines of Action The areas into which the work plan components and activities are grouped. Five specific lines of action have been defined: Water for Energy, Environmental Services, Agricultural Water Management (AWM), Water Resources Management (WRM), and Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS). Moreover, within WSS, four sub-lines of action have been defined: urban, towns, rural, and sanitation. Output The products and services that result from an activity. Outputs are concrete and identifiable in time. Each activity produces one or more outputs, defined in the GFR. Window A unit of organization. The WPP grant is organized into nine operational Windows: six Regional Windows, a Water Anchor/Global Projects Window (WA/GP), a World Bank Institute (WBI) Window, and an Expert Support Teams (ESTs) Window. Moreover, three sub-windows have been created under the ESTs Window: the Groundwater Management Advisory Team (GW-MATE), the Sanitation, Hygiene and Wastewater Support Service (SWAT), and the Hydrology Expert Facility (HEF). Window Manager The person accountable for implementation, administration, monitoring, and quality control of a Window. In the case of the sub-windows under the ESTs Window, this is a staff member assigned by the Sector Manager of the Water Anchor. In the case of all other Windows, this is the representing Water Sector Board member (WSB), or a staff member designated to act on behalf of the WSB member. Work Plan A plan that outlines the main water-related challenges of each Region/Window and proposes strategic components that will use WPP funding to address those challenges. ii Acronyms AAA Analytical and Advisory Assistance ADB African Development Bank AFR Africa Region AgWa Agricultural Water for Africa ANA National Water Agency Peru Anchor Water Anchor Unit of the Department of Energy, Transport, and Water AWM Agricultural Water Management BNWP Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership in Water Supply and Sanitation BNWPP Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership Program in Water Resources CWRAS Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DfID United Kingdom Department for International Development DGIS Netherlands Directorate-General for International Cooperation DPL Development Policy Loan DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EAP East Asia and Pacific Region ECA Europe and Central Asia Region EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EST Expert Support Team ESW Economic and Sector Work ET Evapotranspiration ETC Extended Term Consultant ETW Department of Energy, Transport, and Water ETWWA Water Anchor Unit of the Department of Energy, Transport, and Water FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GFR Grant Funding Request GRM Grant Reporting and Monitoring GW-MATE Groundwater Management Advisory Team GWP Global Water Partnership HDN Human Development Network HEF Hydrology Expert Facility IB-NET International Benchmarking Network IDA International Development Association IEG Independent Evaluation Group IFC International Finance Corporation ISF Irrigation Services Fee IUWRM Integrated Urban Water Resources Management IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management KM Knowledge Management LCR Latin America and the Caribbean Region M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund MNA Middle East and North Africa Region MWR Chinese Ministry of Water Resources NRW Non-Revenue Water PER Public Expenditure Review PM Program Management PPIAF Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility PPP Public Private Partnership PREM Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network PSIA Poverty and Social Impact Analysis iii Acronyms PSP Private Sector Participation RoC Republic of Congo SADC Southern African Development Community SAR South Asia Region STC Short-Term Consultant SWAp Sector Wide Approach SWAT Sanitation, Hygiene, and Wastewater Support Service TF Trust Fund TTL Task Team Leader UNSGAB United Nations Secretary General's Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation WA/GP Water Anchor/Global Projects (WPP Window) WBI World Bank Institute WBISD World Bank Institute Sustainable Development Department WRM Water Resources Management WSB Water Sector Board WSP Water and Sanitation Program WSS Water Supply and Sanitation WUA Water Users Association iv Table of Contents Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................................................3 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................7 2 The Program at a Glance .....................................................................................................................................9 2.1 WPP Objectives and Lines of Action ......................................................................................................9 2.2 Structure and Governance ........................................................................................................................9 2.3 Outcomes and Indicators ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.4 WPP Systems and Procedures ............................................................................................................. 12 3 Strategic Work Plans ......................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Regional Water Challenges .................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Focus Areas of the Non-Regional WPP Windows ........................................................................... 15 4 Overview of the Portfolio ................................................................................................................................... 17 4.1 Sectoral Distribution of Activities .......................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Geographical Distribution of Activities ................................................................................................. 19 5 Progress, Results, and Targets ........................................................................................................................ 21 5.1 WPP Support to Lending........................................................................................................................ 21 5.1.1 Support to World Bank Operations .................................................................................................. 21 5.1.2 Knowledge Creation and Management............................................................................................ 22 5.1.3 Capacity Building .................................................................................................................................. 23 5.1.4 Support to Non-Water Sectors .......................................................................................................... 23 5.1.5 Complementarity with the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) ............................................ 23 5.2 Results and Impacts of Preceding Water Programs......................................................................... 24 5.3 WPP Activity Results and Impacts ....................................................................................................... 26 5.4 EST Activity Results and Impacts ......................................................................................................... 30 5.5 Program Targets ........................................................................................................................................ 33 5.6 Key Developments on WPP Program Management ......................................................................... 33 6 Financial Summary.............................................................................................................................................. 35 6.1 Donor Contributions to the WPP .......................................................................................................... 35 6.2 WPP Activity Proposal and Allocations Overview ............................................................................ 35 6.3 WPP Expenditure Overview by Window ............................................................................................. 35 6.4 Overview of EST Financials .................................................................................................................... 38 6.5 Financial Summary on Program Management .................................................................................... 39 7 Outlook 2010 and Beyond ............................................................................................................................... 41 Annex I. Detailed Summary of Strategic Work Plans ....................................................................................... 43 I.I Africa Region (AFR).................................................................................................................................. 43 I.II East Asia and Pacific Region (EAP) ..................................................................................................... 44 I.III Europe and Central Asia Region (ECA) .............................................................................................. 44 I.IV Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LCR) ............................................................................... 45 I.V Middle East and Northern Africa Region (MNA) ............................................................................... 46 I.VI South Asia Region (SAR)........................................................................................................................ 46 I.VII World Bank Institute Window (WBI) .................................................................................................... 47 I.VIII Water Anchor/Global Projects Window (WA/GP) ........................................................................... 48 I.IX Expert Support Teams (ESTs) Window................................................................................................ 48 Annex II. List of WPP and EST Activities ............................................................................................................ 51 Annex III. List of Non-Water Bank Projects Influenced by the WPP ............................................................ 55 Annex IV. List of all Bank Projects Influenced by the WPP ............................................................................. 57 1 2 Executive Summary The Water Partnership Program (WPP) is a Multi-Donor specify strategic thematic areas to be addressed with the Trust Fund (MDTF) that was created to enhance the World WPP's technical and financial support. At the program level, Bank's efforts to reduce poverty through improved Water WPP funds have been fairly equally distributed between the Resources Management (WRM) and water service delivery. WSS and WRM sub-sectors (each accounting for over 40 The WPP implements and mainstreams these objectives percent of fund allocations). A total of 97 activities (including through five lines of action/themes: (a) Water Supply and 44 for the ESTs) were approved in 2009, most of which are Sanitation (WSS); (b) Agricultural Water Management currently under implementation. These activities address the (AWM); (c) Water for Energy; (d) Environmental Services; main challenges as described in the strategic work plans. and (e) Water Resources Management (WRM). The WPP was established in early 2009 as a consolidation The WPP has established itself as a key instrument of two preceding water trust fund programs funded by the for the Bank to influence operations and support the Netherlands (the Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership-- analytical work needed in the historically underfunded Water Supply and Sanitation (BNWP) and the Bank- water sector. Through downstream and upstream Netherlands Water Partnership Program--Water Resources activities1, the program is improving the quality of Management (BNWPP)). At its inception, a first phase of water-related Bank projects, promoting innovation the WPP was established with a duration of two and a half in projects as well as generating and disseminating years (closing date is June 2011). knowledge among key stakeholders. Structure and Processes The WPP is administered by the Bank, with oversight from WPP Portfolio--Geographical and the Bank's Water Sector Board (WSB). It is coordinated Sectoral Distribution of Approved by a core team (Program Management Team) based in the Activities Water Anchor Unit of the Department of Energy, Transport, An analysis of the geographical distribution shows that and Water (ETW). Its activities are coordinated through nine the WPP is financing activities in 36 countries across the Windows: six Regional Windows managed by the Regional Bank's Regions. In addition, it is supporting 8 regional water units, a Global Window implemented by the Water activities and 13 global initiatives. Africa receives the Anchor, a World Bank Institute (WBI) Window, and the largest allocation of WPP resources and has the biggest Expert Support Window, consisting of three Expert Support number of activities. The East Asia and Pacific Region Team (EST) sub-windows managed in the Water Anchor. (EAP), Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LCR), and the South Asia Region (SAR) are focusing their activities Review and Approval of Strategic Work on their principal client countries (respectively, China, 7 Plans and Approval of Activities activities; Brazil, 6; and India, 11 activities). In early 2009, the WPP focused on two key areas: (i) the development and set-up of WPP procedures and systems to The sectoral distribution proposed in the strategic work plans ensure efficient and effective program implementation; and submitted by each Region does not differ substantially from (ii) the formulation, review, and approval of strategic work that of individual activities submitted by Task Team Leaders plans prepared by the regional departments and the Water (TTLs): 41 and 47 percent of the strategic plans, and 34 and Anchor, the WBI, and the three ESTs. These work plans 44 percent of individual activities identified WSS and WRM describe the main challenges faced by these Windows and as the main sub-sector, respectively. 1. Downstream activities are leveraging direct, innovative support for Bank operations that are directly involved in instituting and implementing water management and/or water services in client countries; upstream activities are developing and mainstreaming new knowledge by testing, evaluating, and disseminating new approaches and innovations for future projects and/or by supporting the development of strategic work (i.e. institutional strengthening, policy reform and strategic planning). 3 Progress, Results, and Targets The WPP provides direct financial support to Bank projects. The BNWP funded activities contributed significantly The majority of WPP activities are aimed at enhancing the to capacity building for provincial officials in Angola, quality and performance of Bank projects in different stages who supported the creation of the provincial water of the project cycle, including identification, preparation, and sanitation utilities under the $57 million Water appraisal, and implementation. The 2009 portfolio of WPP Sector Institutional Development World Bank project, activities is providing direct support to, and therefore which aimed to deliver water connections to 72,000 influencing, over $5.4 billion of Bank financing in the water new households. The BNWP provided the flexibility to sector. Each dollar of WPP funding supports $726 in Bank hire well-qualified, international consultants to conduct lending. The former figure doubles to $10.35 billion when training and capacity building activities for local agency total project costs2 are taken into account. staff and provincial authorities. In addition to strengthening the water sector's operational An example of how BNWPP support in the water portfolio, WPP activities focus on enhancing the sector's sector influenced lending is the Poverty and Social knowledge base, both within the Bank and externally. Impact Analysis (PSIA) used in the preparation for the These activities include policy development processes $300 million Mexico Sustainability Development Policy and consultations, analytical work, as well as training Loan (DPL), approved in October of 2008. The report-- and capacity building. Knowledge management activities which represented the first policy dialogue in Mexico support the development and dissemination of information on the social impact of WRM--focused on groundwater and knowledge, focusing on the sharing of best practices over-exploitation, and contributed to the policy dialogue and lessons learned. The dissemination of activity results is with the government of Mexico. an integral part of most WPP activities; in activity proposals, specific information is requested concerning dissemination The BNWWP funded a study to define a set of joint, and learning strategies. multipurpose investments for the three countries of the Eastern Nile (Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia), duly taking Capacity building and outreach activities funded by the into account opportunities for these countries in terms WPP include assessments of good practices and lessons of cooperative management and investment, as well learned as well as workshops, conferences, study tours, as the risks of non-cooperation. New analytical work-- trainings, and other knowledge-sharing and knowledge- based on the study's findings and supported by the development functions and events. Most activities are WPP--is currently underway and expected to enable closely related to Bank operations, either strengthening the Bank to better support the riparian countries in the capacity for ongoing/planned Bank projects, or evolving their first investment programs. drawing upon lessons learned from the Bank portfolio for dissemination beyond the Bank to other partners and stakeholders. The water sector is linked to, and integrated with, several other important development themes, such as agricultural It is too early in the Program to describe many concrete development, environment, energy, transport, and health. results, let alone impacts. Nonetheless, several activities The 2009 WPP activity portfolio also includes activities that are well underway and showing tangible progress (see support non-water sectors, such as Energy and Transport. paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4). Examples of activities implemented under the preceding BNWP and BNWPP programs can be During the formulation of the WPP, certain program targets used to illustrate the type of impact that WPP activities will were set. Drawing from discussions with the donors have (see the box on this page). contributing to the WPP, the Program Management Team will 2. Total project costs may be covered by several sources--in addition to Bank resources, funding from other donors and trust funds, as well as the country's own budget. 4 propose new, more specific definitions of the program targets Program Management. Four Regions/Windows (WBI, EAP, on poverty reduction and gender in the course of 2010. The MNA, and WA/GP) have had their proposals approved and/ target for upstream versus downstream support will also be or submitted proposals for a large portion of their allocations redefined. Judging from the 2009 portfolio, the WPP is well (100%, 97%, 86%, and 84% respectively). Of the three on track to meet the program target focusing on Africa. ESTs, GW-MATE and HEF have had a large part of their allocation approved (86% and 67% respectively). Financial Summary As of December 31, 2009, 97 activities had been approved The pace of disbursements and commitments has (44 of these for the ESTs) for a total grant amount of $8.1 increased considerably since program inception. This is a million (including $2.5 million for ESTs). The pipeline of natural tendency, as many of the initial activity expenses proposed activities amounts to $4.9 million ($0.9 million of are primarily geared to program administration and which is for ESTs). management activities. With most Regional Windows now being close to fully allocated to individual activities, disbursement and commitment levels are expected to For 2009, the total value of approved and continue rising exponentially. proposed activities in the WPP portfolio (including Program Management) amounted to $14.9 million, Outlook 2010 and Beyond representing 89 percent of the total contributions In 2010, the Program Management Team will start to look received as of December 31, 2009, and 62 percent beyond the current funding cycle (ending June 2011) with of the total program grant. existing and potential new donors. In terms of program management, in 2010, the WPP will focus on (a) carrying out a mid-term review of the strategic Window work plans, taking into account the distribution of unused and In the course of 2009, $16.3 million was allocated to the additional funds; (b) the redefinition of its targets related to WPP Windows, of which $4 million went to the Africa poverty and gender; (c) the development of a monitoring Region, $3.8 million to the three ESTs, $1.35 million each to and evaluation framework; and (d) the formulation and the five other Regions and the Water Anchor/Global Projects implementation of a communications and knowledge Window (WA/GP), $0.4 million to WBI, and $1.9 million to management and dissemination strategy. 5 6 1. Introduction This first WPP Annual Report outlines the activities and This report is structured as follows: progress of the Program from January through December 2009. The form and content of this report were discussed Section 2: The Program at a Glance. This section provides with the WPP donors during the annual meeting held in March an overview of the Program's objectives, themes, structure 2010, in London, UK. This final version takes into account and governance, outcomes and indicators, and systems and comments and suggestions provided during this meeting. procedures. Section 3: Strategic Work Plans. This section presents At its inception, a first phase of the WPP was established a summary of the strategic work plans as endorsed by the with a duration of two and a half years (closing date is June Water Sector Board (WSB) (more detailed information is 2011). In 2009, the Program focused on the following: included in Annex I). a) Design and implementation of WPP program systems Section 4: Overview of the Portfolio. This section and procedures; summarizes the sectoral and geographic distribution of b) Review and approval of strategic Window work plans WPP activities. and individual activities; Section 5: Progress, Results, and Targets. This section c) Financial monitoring of individual, Window, and program- highlights key developments and major outcomes on the level activities; and ground and in program management, and also describes d) Development of a draft Communications Strategy and a the program's targets. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework. Section 6: Financial Summary. This section describes the financial progress made during the reporting period. Section 7: Outlook for 2010 and Beyond. This section outlines upcoming actions planned for program development in the next reporting period and looks ahead to the coming years. A complete list of all funded activities is included in Annex II; Annex III and IV list the non-water Bank projects and all Bank projects influenced by the WPP, respectively. 7 8 2. ma nc The Program at a Glance The Water Partnership Program (WPP) is a two and a half linked to at least one of the five lines of action/themes year Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) that aims to enhance identified in the Water Resources Sector Strategy: the World Bank's efforts to reduce poverty through improved Water Resources Management (WRM) and water · Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS); service delivery. The WPP is a consolidation of the two · Agricultural Water Management (AWM); former water trust fund programs: the Bank-Netherlands · Water for Energy; Water Partnership--Water Supply and Sanitation (BNWP) · Environmental Services; and and the Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership Program-- · Water Resources Management (WRM). Water Resources Management (BNWPP). While the WPP aims to augment and support Bank lending and assistance, it may not replace functions ordinarily funded 2.1 WPP Objectives and Lines of Action by the Bank, including standard project preparation activities. The two overarching objectives of the WPP are: a) The sponsorship and mainstreaming of pragmatic and 2.2 Structure and Governance principled approaches for water resources management and development. Working towards sustainable water The WPP is administered by the Bank, with oversight from management, the WPP focuses on cross-cutting issues the Bank's Water Sector Board (WSB). It is coordinated such as Integrated Water Resources Management by a core team (Program Management Team) based in the (IWRM) and climate change, and on the mainstreaming Water Anchor Unit of the Department of Energy, Transport, of pragmatic and principled approaches for WRM in the and Water (ETW). Activities are coordinated through four water sub-sectors identified in the Bank's Water nine Windows, as shown in figure 1 (see next page) and Resources Sector Strategy; and explained below: six Regional Windows, a Global Window, b) The improvement of the quality, effectiveness, and equity a WBI Window, and an Expert Support Teams (ESTs) of water service delivery through the expansion and Window with a sub-window for each of the three ESTs. improvement of social and productive water services. The Regional Windows The WPP's development objectives are aligned with the The six Regional Windows are governed by the Bank's regional priorities and based on the principles of regional water units, their respective WSB members the World Bank Business Strategy for Water Supply and being responsible for ensuring the submission of work Sanitation and the Water Resources Sector Strategy, both plans, as well as the implementation, administration, approved in 2003. Activities financed by the WPP are also monitoring, and quality assurance of all activities. 9 Figure 1: WPP Operational Structure Water Partnership Program A Multi-Donor Trust Fund Anchor / Expert Regional Regional Regional Regional Regional Regional WBI Program Global Support Window Window Window Window Window Window Window w Management Projects Teams AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Window Window Window HEF GW- Sub- MATE SWAT window Sub- Sub-window window The Water Anchor/Global Projects Window (WA/GP) This Window operates through the following three sub- The Water Anchor/Global Projects Window is windows: implemented by the Water Anchor, the Sector Manager (or another senior member of the Anchor staff · The Groundwater Management Advisory Team appointed at the Sector Manager's discretion) being (GW-MATE) accountable for its implementation. The GW-MATE was established in 2001 as a multi- disciplinary team to raise the profile of groundwater The World Bank Institute (WBI) Window management issues at both policy and project level. The The Window for the World Bank Institute (WBI) Bank's senior management realized that TTLs working on is managed by the Sector Manager of the WBI water were focused on groundwater development rather Sustainable Development Department (WBISD) than groundwater management. The Water Anchor, in and is set up to provide capacity for development response to this realization, initiated efforts to develop assistance to water projects. a core group of experts that would provide support for operations and strategy development for groundwater After the approval of regional and global strategic work management. The GW-MATE's objectives are to: plans, Task Team Leaders (TTLs) submit Grant Funding Requests (GFRs) for individual activities. Activities that · Build long-term capacity for management and meet WPP requirements can then be funded through the quality protection of groundwater for both Bank Regional, WA/GP, and WBI Windows. staff and client countries; · Provide policy guidance and institutional support The Expert Support Teams (ESTs) Window for groundwater governance; and The ESTs Window is designed to provide direct · Advise on the implementation of groundwater and on-demand high-level, specialized support to management systems, including stakeholder the Regions, and is implemented through the Water mobilization. Anchor. TTLs who need rapid support in a specific area of expertise can request assistance from the ESTs · The Sanitation, Hygiene, and Wastewater Support through a simple, quick application process. The ESTs Service (SWAT) provide a service that fills the gaps in areas where In most developing countries, access to sanitation lags operational Bank staff lack knowledge and experience. far behind access to water supply because ensuring an adequate water supply has historically been a higher 10 priority for both governments and the poor. Moreover, to the nine operational Windows and the WPP Review clients and Bank staff often perceive investments in Panel,3 to ensure the quality of WPP financed activities. sanitation and hygiene as complex and more difficult than the relatively straightforward water supply investments. The Emerging Priority Modality Task Teams often lack the specific experience needed The Program also includes the so-called Emerging Priority for these more challenging projects. In response to Modality, which is administered by the Water Anchor. This significant demand from the Regions--especially Africa Modality, representing 10 percent of the WPP resources, and Asia-- to the Water Anchor to provide such specific is used to meet demands that emerge on a rolling basis expertise, the Sanitation, Hygiene, and Wastewater throughout the year for topics that were not identified in the Support Service (SWAT) was established in 2004. strategic work plans. The SWAT provides fully managed, short-term technical field support, on demand, at critical junctures in the 2.3 Outcomes and Indicators project cycle, to make it easier for clients and Bank staff to incorporate sanitation and hygiene effectively in Bank The expected outcome of the WPP is to enhance Bank projects and to ensure the quality of sanitation and assistance in the water sector in two ways: (a) by leveraging hygiene interventions. Bank resources, adding value and fostering innovation in lending and Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) work; · The Hydrology Expert Facility (HEF) and (b) at the project level, by enhancing the quality and In the beginning of 2008, an increased demand from competitiveness of Bank water-related projects through on- the Regions for assistance in operations concerning demand, expert support and applied global knowledge. complex hydrological issues was perceived. Requests were received for additional expertise on climate Outcome indicators will be used to gauge the results of the change and other hydrologic and water resources WPP on an activity-by-activity basis, to be defined for each considerations, with a focus on both technical design activity by the TTL on the WPP application form. The long- and policy guidance. term impact of WPP support will be evaluated by the Bank's Independent Evaluation Group (IEG). To meet this demand for short-term hydrology expertise, the Water Anchor created the Hydrology Expert The impact of the overall program is measured in two ways: Facility (HEF). HEF aims to provide technical support to Bank project teams, assist client countries on a a) Increased mainstreaming of water policies and demand-driven basis, provide on-the-job training, and strategies in the Bank's portfolio; and disseminate the contributions through technical notes b) Enhanced quality of Bank water-related projects through and papers for wide distribution. increased expert support and applied global knowledge. The Program Management Window The WPP's value added to Bank operations is not easily The WPP also finances program administration and measured, as shifts in the Bank's lending are caused by management, including dissemination, outreach, and several factors and can never be fully attributable to any one donor coordination. At the program level, the WPP limits factor, such as the WPP. The impact of the WPP will be Bank staff costs (salary, benefits, indirect costs, and travel assessed after the closure of the current WPP funding cycle. costs), including Extended Term Consultants (ETCs), to 15 percent of the total grant amount. Approximately 35 percent Additionally, the WPP has explicit targets in the areas of of this 15 percent staff cost allocation is to be used for gender, poverty reduction, focus on Africa, and upstream program administration and management under the Program versus downstream activities. Management Window, while the remainder is to be allocated 3. The WPP Review Panel consists of a roster of water specialists (Bank staff and consultants with different technical expertise) who are called upon to assist the WPP Management Team in the review of work plans and individual proposals. 11 2.4 WPP Systems and Procedures the Millennium Development Goals, the Hydropower Business Plan, and the Bank's climate change and As part of the WPP implementation process, each Region/ agricultural water management programs; Window submitted a strategic work plan proposal to the · Proposals should demonstrate that they would enhance Program Management Team, describing the priorities in the impact of Bank operations by (i) leveraging direct, thematic areas and how WPP funding would address innovative support for Bank operations (downstream and support the key challenges. The work plans were activities), and/or (ii) developing and mainstreaming reviewed by a member of the WPP Review Panel and the new knowledge (upstream activities) by testing, Program Management Team, and subsequently submitted evaluating, and disseminating new approaches and to the WSB for endorsement. Each Region appointed a innovations for future projects and/or by supporting the WPP Window Manager, responsible for monitoring the development of strategic work (i.e., policy reform and implementation of the respective work plans. strategic planning); and · The relative potential impact of activities is weighed The strategic work plans provide the framework under which to select those with the highest value for money in individual activities are formulated and submitted to the terms of (a) impact on WPP targets in terms of poverty WPP for approval. Proposals are submitted by TTLs through reduction, gender, focus on Africa, and downstream the Bank's Web-based GFR system. Individual proposals activities; (b) efficiency of proposed implementation are reviewed by the WPP Review Panel and the Program arrangements; (c) internal soundness in terms of Management Team (as are the strategic work plans). All inputs versus outputs; (d) additionality; and (e) aid activities must be cleared by the TTL's Sector Manager and effectiveness and harmonization. the Regional Window Manager. Final approval is given by the Program Manager. Financial resources for individual Since the GFR system feeds activity data into the Bank's activities are usually transferred in two or more tranches; the business management system, the Program Management second disbursement is transferred once 70 percent of the Team can monitor progress at the activity, window and first tranche has been disbursed and/or committed. program level. The team prepares bi-monthly internal financial reports for the Sector Manager of the Water Anchor, and All activities are evaluated based on the following: comprehensive annual progress reports for donors. · Proposals should address issues highlighted in Bank strategies and other coordinated development efforts, At the completion of individual activities, the Program including but not limited to the Water Resources Sector Management Team requests a completion report and formal Strategy, the Business Strategy on Water Supply and closure follows after approval of this report. Sanitation, the Clean Energy Investment Framework, 12 3. ork Pl Plans Strategic Work P ans In early 2009, the WPP focused both on the design and At the program level, WPP financial resources have been set-up of WPP program procedures and systems and the fairly equally distributed between the WSS and WRM sub- approval of strategic work plans prepared by the regional sectors, each category accounting for over 40 percent of the departments, WBI, the Water Anchor, and the ESTs. These allocated resources. The initial allocation of the budget to the work plans describe the main challenges faced by the WPP's lines of action for all WPP Windows, as specified in respective Regions/Windows and specify the strategic the strategic work plans, is shown in figure 2. components of the themes to be addressed with the WPP's financial support. During 2009, 11 strategic work plans have been endorsed by the WSB, for a total allocation of $16.25 million (see table 1).4 Table 1: Initial Budget Allocations per Figure 2: Overall Distribution of WPP WPP Window5 Resources per Sub-Sector (in %) Budget allocations Environmental Services Window ($ M) % 0.9 Water for Knowledge AFR 4.00 19.8 Energy Management / 0.9 Learning EAP 1.35 6.7 Agricultural 4.3 Water Management ECA 1.35 6.7 5.3 LAC 1.35 6.7 MNA 1.35 6.7 SAR 1.35 6.7 WA/GP 1.35 6.7 Water Resource Water Supply Management & Sanitation WBI 0.40 2.0 47.2 41.3 ESTs 3.75 18.6 WPP PM 1.88 9.3 Emerging Priorities 2.05 10.1 Grand Total 20.18 100 4. The budget allocation of $16.25 million does not include program management costs or emerging priorities (see table 1). 5. The total amount allocated to Africa is actually higher than shown in this table, because Africa is also represented in other Windows (the Expert Support Team Window and the MNA Window). The regional budget allocations include supervision costs by Bank staff (maximum of 10 percent of total expenditures for staff time and travel). 13 3.1 Regional Water Challenges · Ensuring the safety of existing (hydropower) dams and multi-partner engagement in hydropower to assist Each strategic work plan presented a thorough analysis of countries in developing their potential in a sustainable way. the challenges faced in the sector in each Region. A summary of these challenges is provided below. A more detailed Key challenges described in the Latin America and the description of the work plans can be found in Annex I. Caribbean Region (LCR) strategic work plan: Key challenges described in the Africa Region (AFR) · Integrating WRM and planning for urban areas, river strategic work plan: basins, and aquifers; · Improving the efficiency of water supply and sanitation · The WSS sub-sector in Sub-Saharan Africa suffers service provision in urban and rural areas, as well as from a low level of expenditures and weak budget of hydraulic infrastructure, and irrigation and drainage execution rates; modernization; · Weak M&E systems in the sector; · Supporting the water sector's legal and institutional · Sanitation is lagging behind and not all countries will framework and increasing capacity for policy analysis achieve the MDG targets; and evaluating investment options; and · Slow progress in urban water sector reform, and mixed · Facilitating international good practice knowledge experience with private sector participation; capturing and sharing for the water sector in the Region. · Water insecurity due to climate variability; · Low levels of development in the sector, with a limited Key challenges described in the Middle East and pipeline of investments; and Northern Africa Region (MNA) strategic work plan: · Competition for water and weak cooperative mechanisms. · For WRM: tackling the problem of unsustainable and Key challenges described in the East Asia and Pacific inefficient water use, ineffective policies, deteriorating Region (EAP) strategic work plan: water quality, excessive reliance on the public purse; · In AWM: implementing legal, financial, and institutional · For WRM, the main issue is to develop and maintain reforms that increase water productivity to meet all water resources for sustainable growth and poverty agricultural demands; and reduction while meeting environmental and social · For WSS: overcoming the lack of commitment for standards; and financial sustainability, unsustainable pricing and · In WSS, the main challenge is how to address the demand management, poor maintenance of assets and increasing demands for infrastructure and quality of weak infrastructure, low priority given to wastewater service in the face of rapid urbanization. management, untapped private sector. Key challenges described in the Europe and Central Key challenges described in the South Asia Region Asia Region (ECA) strategic work plan: (SAR) strategic workplan: · In WRM: transnational initiatives for managing shared · Enabling a comprehensive WRM framework through water bodies, and better risk management of droughts, policy reform, decentralized management and floods, and landslides (disaster mitigation and post- accountability, financial management and cost recovery; disaster assistance); building capacity; and promoting user and community · Rehabilitation and management of irrigation participation; infrastructure to improve water distribution, and prevent · In Urban and Rural WSS: tackling the problem of low waterlogging and salinity; tariffs and poor cost recovery, poor accountability/ · Continued rehabilitation and modernization of water autonomy service providers, low managerial/financial infrastructure combined with institutional strengthening capacity, supply driven/monopolistic agencies, sector to improve water and sanitation services; and financing heavily reliant on grants; and 14 · In AWM: addressing the deterioration of Irrigation and building partnerships in AWM, climate change, water drainage infrastructure, using water more efficiently, scarcity and managing water across national boundaries, and curbing the degradation of irrigated land caused by and governance in the water sector), and the provision of waterlogging, salinization, and nutrient depletion. technical assistance to the Arab Water Academy and the African Water Academy. 3.2 Focus Areas of the Non-Regional Expert Support Teams (ESTs): WPP Windows · The Groundwater Management Advisory Team In addition to the six Regional Programs described above, (GW-MATE) aims to ensure that best practices for the WPP supports the following Windows: (a) Water groundwater management are effectively incorporated Anchor/Global Projects; (b) WBI; and (c) ESTs. The main into relevant Bank analytical and operational activities, focus areas of these Windows are summarized below. A and to create awareness of groundwater management more detailed description can be found in Annex I. both internally (in the Bank) and externally. Water Anchor/Global Projects (WA/GP): · The Sanitation, Hygiene, and Wastewater Support Service (SWAT) focuses on filling the gap in expertise The WA/GP work plan focuses on eight components: that often hinders basic sanitation and hygiene water supply, sanitation, AWM, hydropower, environmental investments relative to more conventional water- services, WRM, climate change, and knowledge supply or sewerage projects. It is anticipated that management. For each component, cross-regional/global approximately 20 SWAT activities will receive WPP activities are identified in coordination with the regional financial support. departments. · The Hydrology Expert Facility (HEF) provides support World Bank Institute (WBI): to increase the understanding of complex hydrologic scenarios, especially in specific situations that require The WPP provides support to WBI's water program with the translation of hydrological advances into practical, special emphasis on supporting the formulation, design, and problem-solving tools for application to specific water delivery of the "Core Learning Programs"6 on water (aimed resources problems. at designing and implementing reform of water utilities, 6. Core Learning Programs are high-quality learning programs offering an array of courses and specialized technical assistance. 15 16 4. f e Port Portfolio Overview of the Po foli The primary objective of the WPP is to enhance the quality support priority sub-sectors as identified in the initial and performance of Bank operations in the water sector. strategic work plans, they can accommodate changes in The thematic lines of action for the WPP reflect those of the order to support emerging priorities based on project- Bank's water sector governed by the WSB, thereby ensuring specific needs and country demand. The sectoral that the program addresses priority areas in WSS and distribution proposed in the initial strategic work plans IWRM. For each individual activity, TTLs identify the main and (figure 2, page 13) does not differ substantially from the secondary sub-sectors of focus, which are used to assess distribution proposed in individual activities: 41 percent of the program's sectoral performance. The geographical the strategic plans and 34 percent of individual activities distribution of WPP activities is also monitored. identified WSS as the main sub-sector; 47 percent of the strategic plans and 44 percent of individual activities identified WRM as the main sub-sector. Some increase 4.1 Sectoral Distribution of Activities in activities on AWM and environmental services has been observed. In general, however, this distribution Figure 3 (below) provides an overview of the sub-sectors demonstrates a certain consistency in what was initially identified by individual activities approved during 2009. envisioned as the focus areas or sub-sectors in the work Although individual activities submitted by TTLs generally plans and the current regional demands. Figure 3: Sectoral Distribution of WPP Activities (% of approved budgets) 2.2 10.7 Total WSS: Total WSS: Water Supply and Agricultural Water 33.7 22.7 41.8 Sanitation - Urban Management 12.5 17.9 8.4 0.7 Water Supply and Environmental 3.1 Sanitation - Towns Services 1.3 10.5 11.3 7.6 Water Supply and Water 6.8 6.7 Sanitation - Rural for Energy Water Supply and 11.7 6.8 Cross-sectoral Sanitation - Sanitation 44.3 14.9 Water Resources Secondary focus Management not assigned by TTL Main Focus Secondary Focus 17 Figure 4: Sectoral Distribution of WPP Activities per Region (a) Africa Region (8 WPP & 8 EST activities) · Strong focus on WSS (63% primary, 77% secondary) · Primary focus on rural WSS, secondary on urban WSS · Focus on sanitation (11% & 18%) · Focus on AWM (13%) Main Focus Secondary Focus (b) EAP Region (8 WPP & 3 EST activities) · Strong focus on WRM (64% primary, 30% secondary) · Primary focus also on urban WSS / cross-sectoral ~ 14% · Secondary focus on AWM, Urban WSS and environmental services Main Focus Secondary Focus (c) ECA Region (1 WPP & 7 EST activities) · Focus on WRM (49% primary, 14% secondary) · Primary focus also on urban WSS, sanitation and cross-sectoral · Secondary focus also on environmental services and rural and town WSS. Main Focus Secondary Focus (d) LAC Region (6 WPP & 9 EST activities) · Strong primary focus on WRM (61%), strong secondary focus on WSS (62%) · Focus on AWM (14% & 12%) · Primary focus on sanitation (14%) · Secondary focus on urban WSS (41%) Main Focus Secondary Focus (e) MNA Region (3 WPP & 4 EST activities) · Strong primary focus on WRM (75%) · Strong secondary focus on AWM (61%) · Focus on urban and town WSS · Secondary focus on sanitation (10%) Main Focus Secondary Focus (f) SAR Region (10 WPP & 7 EST activities) · Strong primary focus on WRM (52%) · Focus on urban WSS (20%) and AWM (6% primary, 16% secondary) · Focus on environmental services (3% & 11%) Secondary focus on water for energy (7%) Main Focus Secondary Focus (g) Global projects (9 WPP & 6 EST activities) · Primary focus on cross-sectoral issues (44%), · WRM (38%) and AWM (12%) · Secondary focus on WSS in towns and WRM Main Focus Secondary Focus Water Supply and Water Supply and Water Resources Environmental Cross-sectoral Sanitation - Urban Sanitation - Rural Management Services Water Supply and Water Supply and Agricultural Water Water Secondary focus Sanitation - Towns Sanitation - Sanitation Management for Energy not assigned by TTL 18 Figure 4 (left) shows the regional distribution of primary extent supported by WPP activities. Consequently, it can and secondary sub-sectors selected for individual activities. be assumed that the WPP activities in AFR and SAR are Some observations derived from this regional analysis are: (a) supporting the Regions' current water project portfolio. activities in AFR concentrate primarily on WSS while activities in the other Regions focus primarily on WRM (especially The WPP portfolio in all other Regions focuses more on EAP, LCR, and MNA); (b) the Water Anchor/Global Projects WRM than does the Bank's portfolio: in EAP, ECA, LCR, activities focus strongly on cross-sectoral issues; (c) activities and MNA, WPP funding is mostly used to facilitate and in MNA concentrate on WRM and AWM (75 percent). increase the Bank's investments in WRM. This is in line with the key challenges of these Regions, and reflects the shift The Bank's water project portfolio7 focuses on WSS, from WSS to WRM in these Regions and in some large, especially in AFR, EAP, ECA, and LCR, while AWM is emerging borrowing countries such as China and Brazil. important in SAR and (to a lesser extent) in MNA and EAP. In A particular aim of the WPP is also to integrate WRM and LCR, MNA, and SAR, a considerable part of the portfolio is WSS and ensure that all WSS projects take into account aimed also at WRM.8 About 2 percent of the Bank projects the resource base (water). In the Regions where the Bank's is aimed at Water for Energy, mostly in AFR and ECA. water portfolio focuses on WSS, the WPP aims to provide support in linking the service with the water resource. When comparing the Bank's portfolio to the WPP allocations and approvals, the sectoral distributions of Bank projects and WPP activities in the Africa Region and the South Asia 4.2 Geographical Distribution Region are very similar. In AFR, both the WPP activities and of Activities the Bank projects show a strong focus on WSS, which is in line with the Region's key challenges as identified in the An analysis of the geographical distribution shows strategic work plan. In SAR, both WSS and WRM account that the WPP is financing activities in 36 countries for a large part of the WPP and Bank portfolio, while the across all Bank Regions (see map 1). In addition, there relatively large share of AWM Bank projects is to a lesser are 8 regional activities and 13 global initiatives. The Map 1: Countries Targeted by WPP Activities Approved in 2009 IBRD 38006 AUGUST 2010 Kazakhstan Mongolia Moldova Montenegro Albania Georgia A.R. of Morocco Egypt Pakistan China Haiti Rep. of Yemen Nigeria India Bangladesh Senegal Vietnam Mali Sri Colombia Burkina Cameroon Ethiopia Lanka Faso Uganda Ecuador Rwanda Burundi Tanzania Peru Brazil Zimbabwe Bolivia Mozambique Paraguay Uruguay This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. The boundaries, colors, Argentina denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 7. This analysis of the Bank's water portfolio is based on the approvals of water projects in FY2009 plus the FY10 pipeline projects categorized as "firm" or "likely" as of January 2010. For projects focusing on Water for Energy, projects approved in FY09 thru July 22 FY10 are included in the analysis, as data concerning these projects are tracked separately. 8. The Bank codes WRM as a theme, and WSS and AWM as sectors. As these are not mutually exclusive, it is not possible to combine sector and themes in a quantitative analysis. 19 Table 2: Geographical Distribution of distribution of WPP activities across the Regions is WPP Activities9 shown in figure 5, while table 2 shows the number of activities in the Bank's client countries.9 Region Country No. of activities Africa Regional 2 Africa receives the largest allocation of WPP resources (see Sub-regional 2 Burkina Faso 1 table 1, page 13) and has the biggest number of activities. Burundi 1 EAP, LCR, and SAR are focusing their activities on their Cameroun 1 main client countries (respectively, China, 7 activities; Brazil, Egypt 1 6; and India, 11 activities). Ethiopia 3 Mali 1 Figure 5: Geographical Distribution of Morocco 3 WPP activities (no. of activities per region)9 Mozambique 1 Nigeria 1 World Rwanda 1 13 Africa Senegal 1 25 Tanzania 3 Uganda 2 South Zimbabwe 1 Asia 17 East Asia Regional - China 7 East Asia Mongolia 2 11 Vietnam 2 Latin Europe & Europe and Central Asia Regional 1 America 19 Central Asia Albania 2 Middle 9 East Georgia 2 3 Kazakhstan 1 Moldova 1 Montenegro 2 Middle East Yemen 3 Latin America Regional 2 Argentina 1 Bolivia 2 Brazil 6 Colombia 1 Ecuador 1 Haiti 1 Paraguay 1 Peru 3 Uruguay 1 South Asia Regional 1 Bangladesh 2 India 11 Pakistan 1 Sri Lanka 2 Global 13 TOTAL 97 TOTAL regional / global 21 9. WPP and EST program management activities (e.g., dissemination, publications, etc.) are not included in these numbers. Some activities are implemented in two or more countries--these activities are double counted in the total number of activities. The Africa region includes the whole continent in table 2 and figure 5. 20 s Results es Progress, Re ults 5. s and Targets This chapter provides an overview of key developments project cycle, including identification, preparation, appraisal, and major outcomes, both on the ground and in program and implementation. More specifically, activities focus on: management, including some examples of ongoing activities. Since 2009 is the first year of WPP operation, it is too · Promoting water reforms and modernization by early to describe many concrete results, let alone impacts. supporting countries in adopting more effective policies Nonetheless, several activities are well underway and showing and strategies; tangible progress. Examples of activities implemented under · Supporting innovation in the design and implementation the preceding BNWP and BNWPP programs can be used to of the Bank's investment projects and programs in the illustrate the type of impact that WPP activities will have. water sector; and · Sponsoring analytical, research, and advisory work in response to the emerging needs and challenges of the 5.1 WPP Support to Lending water sector, through Country Assistance Strategies, economic sector work, policy dialogues, innovative The WPP aims to enhance the Bank water project portfolio research, and project-related expert technical input. through: The 2009 portfolio of WPP activities is providing direct a. Support to operations (assistance to lending, strategic support to, and therefore influencing, over $5.4 billion of Bank and analytical work); financing in the water sector. Each dollar of WPP funding b. Knowledge creation and management; is influencing $726 in Bank lending. This figure doubles to c. Capacity building. $10.35 billion when total project costs are included. Each dollar of WPP funding is influencing $1,376 of total project Across these three categories, some WPP activities support costs (including Borrower's counterpart contributions and any non-water sectors or show complementarity with the Water other sources of financing).10 A complete list of all influenced and Sanitation Program (WSP), the Bank-administered Bank projects is included in Annex IV. program focused on capacity building related to WSS issues in 24 countries. Table 3 (see next page) depicts the WPP's support to lending by Region. Of the total Bank loan amount influenced 5.1.1 Support to World Bank Operations by the WPP, a large percentage (42%) relates to projects in SAR. Bank projects in AFR, EAP, and LCR also make The WPP provides direct financial support to Bank projects. up a significant share of the total Bank lending influenced Several WPP activities aim at enhancing the quality and by the WPP. WPP activities support the highest number performance of Bank projects in different stages of the of investment projects (16) in LCR, with an average loan 10. The total figure for support to lending is based on the linked Bank project numbers in WPP and EST proposals. Only activities that are at least partly downstream- oriented are included in these calculations. 21 Table 3: WPP Support to World Bank Projects per Region Bank Lending Amount Total Project Costs influenced by WPP influenced by WPP Region Loan amount % of total Dollar Project amount % of total costs Dollar influenced amount influ- support per influenced influenced by support per ($ M) enced by WPP WPP dollar ($ M) WPP WPP dollar AFR 970 18 435 2,175 21 974 EAP 741 14 722 1,411 14 1,375 ECA 94 2 191 189 2 383 LAC 875 16 874 1,575 15 1,573 MNA 484 9 1,032 773 7 1,649 SAR 2,297 42 1,876 4,228 41 3,453 Program Total 5,460 100 726 10,350 100 1,376 * Total project costs may be covered by several sources - in addition to World Bank resources, funding from other donors and trust funds, as well as the country's own budget. amount of $55 million. In SAR, the WPP is supporting 13 water user level), overuse of water resources can be projects, with an average loan amount of $177 million. effectively monitored and controlled. The aim is to protect ecosystems in the Turfan river basin and to scale up the Downstream WPP funded activities include impact and water rights administration system to the other water options analyses, stakeholder consultations, gender impact scarce areas in China. Cutting-edge technology combined analyses, preparation work for investments with additionality, with new approaches and policies can help client countries and project-related expert technical input. achieve better results on water-related issues. An example of a WPP activity involving impact analyses is 5.1.2 Knowledge Creation and a study that aims to assist the government of Tanzania in Management developing an effective M&E system for the water sector.11 This M&E system will support the country's large ongoing The WPP activity portfolio features a range of activities Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) project, funded by the Bank that help advance the sector's operational portfolio as and other donors. The study will review the M&E system for well as the knowledge base, both within the Bank and the sector, including all M&E processes and management externally. This includes policy development processes information systems of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. and consultations, analytical work, training and capacity After assessment of the institutional needs and support building (including curriculum and software development), systems, a detailed design and implementation plan will be social assessments, benchmarking tools, and new model proposed for the development of an M&E system, which will development. Knowledge management activities support the feed into the water SWAp project in Tanzania. development and dissemination of information and learning, and focus particularly on globally transferable lessons and Innovation is one crucial element for maximizing the best practices, as well as "upstream" work that helps to WPP's support and value added to Bank operations identify emerging sectoral, regional, and country issues in through downstream activities. An example of an sustainable WRM and water service delivery. innovative practice is a study testing a new water rights administration system (in consumptive use terms) for An interesting example of a WPP activity focusing on the Turfan river basin in China.12 By linking the target knowledge management is the scale-up of the Wikipedia- consumptive use at the river basin level to the actual World Bank pilot project.13 This activity aims to enhance water withdrawal level (i.e., target consumptive use at knowledge of water management in LCR through the 11. Activity name: Technical Support to Improve Monitoring and Evaluation of the SWAp Programs: Tanzania (GFR 3121, Africa Window, approved amount $50,000). 12. Activity name: Application of Consumption (ET)-based Water Rights System in Turfan River Basin (GFR 3491, EAP Window, approved amount $72,000. 13. Activity name: WPP--Wikipedia (GFR 2866, LCR Window, approved amount $50,000). 22 creation of several new country topic overviews on preparation of final region-specific supply chain models WRM and AWM, and new Integrated Urban Water and implementation plans, and related national standards/ Resources Management (IUWRM) diagnostics for guidelines. The history of this activity is described in more selected metropolitan areas. The activity also aims to build detail in paragraph 5.1.5. partnerships with clients and other development partners to enhance their understanding and their contributions 5.1.4 Support to Non-Water Sectors to water articles on Wikipedia, and to provide more incentives, encouragement, training, and advice to senior The water sector is linked to, and integrated with, several staff in the Bank and beyond to review and improve other important development areas, such as agricultural articles. Translation of articles is also planned, as well as development, environment, energy, transport, health, further dissemination activities to increase the participation etc. The 2009 WPP activity portfolio contains activities of water experts. providing support to non-water sectors, including the "general agriculture, fishing and forestry sector", the Dissemination of activity results is an integral part of most "general energy sector" and "renewable energy", the WPP activities. For each activity, the proposal requests "general transportation sector", and "ports, waterways and specific information about the dissemination and learning shipping". Annex III provides an overview of all non-water strategy. Most proposals contain detailed information on projects receiving WPP support. presentation sessions and workshops in order to share the activity results with internal and external audiences, as well The Program will continue to promote support to non-water as on dissemination of outputs through Bank channels, sectors. An example is a SWAT activity scheduled to begin projects partners, and water networks. implementation in February 2010 that is to review the wastewater treatment and disposal options at three small 5.1.3 Capacity Building hospitals in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. This support was requested by the Bank's Human Development Capacity building and outreach activities funded by the WPP Network (HDN), where staff realized that the proposed include assessments of good practices and lessons learned designs for treatment were expensive and impossible to as well as workshops, conferences, study tours, trainings operate and maintain. A SWAT consultant will propose and other knowledge sharing and knowledge development more cost-effective and sustainable options for wastewater functions and events. Most activities are closely related to management based on this review. Bank operations, either strengthening capacity for ongoing/ planned Bank projects, or drawing upon lessons learned 5.1.5 Complementarity with the Water and from the Bank portfolio for dissemination beyond the Bank to Sanitation Program (WSP) other partners and stakeholders. For each WSS activity to be implemented in countries An example of WPP funded capacity building is an activity where the WSP is active, the WPP requests that that is expected to assist four highland Regional Water the applicants provide information on synergies and Bureaus in Ethiopia in defining their supply chain for hand complementarity with WSP activities in that country. In most pumps, and to prepare complementary implementation cases, Bank teams implementing the WPP activity discuss plans, standards, and guidelines.14 The assignment their work with the WSP to ensure that activities are duly consists of: (a) preparation of a generic supply chain coordinated. In some cases, there is clear complementarity model and draft standards/guidelines plus facilitation between the water programs managed in the Water Anchor of a workshop with the Regional Water Bureaus; (b) and WSP activities, as illustrated by the examples below-- facilitation of discussions with individual regions to design one being financed with BNWP funds, and another with region-specific models and implementation plans; and (c) both BNWP and WPP resources. 14. Activity name: Supply Chain study in Ethiopia (GFR 3546, Africa Window, approved amount $45,000). 23 1) Support to the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation water schemes management, this study helped to set the Project in Ethiopia framework for the ongoing IDA and African Development Bank (ADB) support to the sector. This framework has been BNWP funding was used to contract a team of experts incorporated in the design of the WSS Project in Ethiopia. to provide support to the supervision of the International Development Association (IDA) financed Water Supply and This study was followed up by a BNWP and WPP funded Sanitation Project in Ethiopia. The experts performed the activity on supply chain management in Ethiopia. The first following activities, complementary to WSP activities: phase of this activity, funded by the BNWP, resulted in the · Supporting the development of the Rural Hygiene and report `Sustainable Hand Pump and Spare Parts Supply Sanitation Strategy, in collaboration with WSP-Ethiopia. and Maintenance Arrangements for Community Water This effort, highly appreciated by the client government, not Supply Systems' (Ministry of Water Resources, Ethiopia, only resulted in the publication of the country's Hygiene 2009). This report has been instrumental for reviewing the and Sanitation Strategy, but also led to the development of approaches used by various partners for hand pump and a protocol for improved hygiene and sanitation. spare part supply and maintenance. The second phase of · Supervising and monitoring the operationalization of the the activity, funded by the WPP, is assisting four highland National Sanitation Strategy, developed in 2008-2009 Regional Water Bureaus in Ethiopia to define their supply by the Ethiopian government with the support of the chain for hand pumps, and to prepare complementary WSP, in Bank funded projects. implementation plans, standards and guidelines. These are · Supporting the initiative of moving to programmatic expected to be used as national guidelines for establishing approach in the sector. The team reviewed the a comprehensive operation and management system. hygiene and sanitation components of the Project Implementation Manual and identified changes required, including incorporating programs of Health 5.2 Results and Impacts of Preceding and Education Ministries. Water Programs · Supporting the establishment of the M&E framework for the sector, building on the WSP's efforts. Between 2000 and 2009, the Bank's Water Anchor Unit managed two partnership trust fund programs supported 2) Sustainable Hand Pump and Spare Parts Supply Chain by the government of the Netherlands: (i) the Bank Management in Ethiopia Netherlands Water Partnership (BNWP)15, which focused on activities in Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS); and Sustainability of rural schemes has been and continued (ii) the Bank Netherlands Water Partnership Program to be a major constraint for improving access to water (BNWPP)16, focusing on projects in IWRM. The programs supply in the country (anecdotal reports estimated 30% shared the aim of increasing the impact of Bank water- malfunctionality rate of rural schemes at the time of project related operations through mobilization of practical expertise preparation). One of the key hurdles was lack of hand and innovative approaches at critical stages of the project pump and spare part supply chain that reaches the user preparation and implementation cycle. At the end of June community in closer and manageable vicinity. 2009, they were phased out and replaced by the WPP, which consolidates both original programs. In 2003, the WSP managed an Ethiopian supply chain issues study that was financed by DfID through WSP A study on lessons learned in these two programs, currently Africa. Together with another three similar studies in the being finalized, found that the two programs played a area of hygiene and sanitation, cost effective design key role in encouraging focus on areas that had been in WSS, and management models for rural and urban historically underfunded but that have significant returns 15. The BNWP was established in 2001 to improve the delivery of water supply and sanitation (WSS) services to the poor. The first and second phase combined provided $16 million (2001 ­ 2009). 16. The BNWPP was established in 2000 to increase water security through the promotion of innovative approaches to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The government of The Netherlands provided a total of $39.6 million during the first and second phase of the program (2000-2009). 24 on investments in terms of poverty reduction, especially in DPL. The PSIA analysis was also a fundamental input in the water supply and sanitation. These programs influenced development of another Development Policy Loan in Mexico-- Bank operations in the water sector, promoted innovation on water and adaptation to climate (the first of its kind through upstream and downstream activities, mobilized high- financed by the Bank). level expert support swiftly, and generated and disseminated knowledge among networks of water practitioners. The The study has contributed to further actions agreed by the BNWP and BNWPP lessons learned study shows that government of Mexico and the Bank on the implementation several activities supported by the programs, including the of reforms in the water sector. It has also: (a) supported four described below, have yielded noticeable results and the design of decentralized water management pilots have influenced the Bank's operations. in Mexico involving poor and socially excluded groups; (b) strengthened social M&E in water management and 1) Angola WSS Reform improved transparency; and (c) formed the basis of awareness campaigns on the long-term social impacts of BNWP grants supported the capacity building towards the groundwater overexploitation. reform of the urban water supply sub-sector in Angola. The project exposed the implementing agency and provincial 3) Irrigation Modernization and Benchmarking in China authorities to regional and international knowledge about water supply and sanitation utilities. The grant provided A BNWPP grant was used to introduce new irrigation support in three technical areas: capacity building; financial performance benchmarking methods to China through analysis; and investments and policy support. The activities three phased activities. The BNWPP program partnered funded under the BNWP contributed significantly to with a lead agency in irrigation management, evaluation, capacity building for provincial officials who will operate and capacity building in China, and helped build technical water and sanitation assets to be supported by the IDA, capacity in many irrigation districts, with priority given to as well as Chinese and Brazilian lines of credit. The key the Western region, an area with the highest poverty rate outcome was the improved capacity of these officials to and greatest need for irrigation improvement. An in-country understand and support the creation of the provincial water knowledge base was established in the agency and the and sanitation utilities under the $57 million Water Sector Chinese Ministry of Water Resources (MWR). Institutional Development IDA project, which aimed to deliver water connections to 72,000 new households. Given The impact of this funding support has been significant Angola's limited local capacity in water supply, the BNWP as it changed the way the agency and the MWR measure provided the flexibility to hire well-qualified, international irrigation performance and the effectiveness of their consultants to carry out training and capacity building investments. The irrigation modernization concepts and activities for local agency staff and provincial authorities. benchmarking methodologies were fully accepted by the MWR as an integral part of investment evaluation 2) Watershed Management: A Policy dialogue on Social and improvement of irrigation operations. The Program Impacts of Watershed Management, Mexico supported the development of a new and innovative software package on the benchmarking indicators, based Mexico faces serious challenges in the water sector. Despite on methodologies developed by the Irrigation Training and significant advances in reforming water sector institutions, Research Center at the California Polytechnic and State sustainable water use remains an elusive goal. In preparation University. The software package is now used in several for the $300 million Mexico Sustainability Development Policy provinces in China and has advanced to the point that Loan (DPL), BNWPP funding was used to prepare a report the Irrigation Training and Research Center is interested analyzing the poverty and social impacts of groundwater in taking improvements implemented in China back to overexploitation. The resulting Poverty and Social Impact California. The Program also encouraged strong local Analysis (PSIA) represented the first policy dialogue in ownership through close involvement of local authorities, Mexico on the social impacts of WRM, and contributed to resulting in acceptance of the new methodology. In the policy dialogue with the government of Mexico and the addition, the multi-phased approach was beneficial 25 because it allowed a phased knowledge transfer and step- 5.3 WPP Activity Results and Impacts by-step capacity development. The first 3 months of 2009 were devoted primarily to the 4) Opportunities for Joint Multipurpose Development in the formulation, discussion, and approval of all strategic work Eastern Nile plans. Once the work plans had been approved, TTLs could begin submitting individual proposals (this is an ongoing In 2006, the Eastern Nile Council of Ministers requested process). These activities are currently being implemented that an independent study be conducted to identify an and it is too early in the Program to describe many concrete initial set of joint multipurpose investments for the three results or impacts. Nonetheless, several activities are countries of the Eastern Nile (Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia). well underway and showing significant progress. Below, The study and consultative process supported by the information is provided about several activities, some of BNWPP were part of a series of pre-feasibility and other which have achieved initial results. studies on institutional and financial issues, and laid the groundwork for a joint multipurpose investment program in 1. Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs) for the WSS Sub- the Eastern Nile. The study was the first-ever serious attempt Sector in Five Countries in West and Central Africa; to explore the Eastern Nile as a river system shared by three 2. Documenting Senegal and Burkina Faso's Successful countries and to identify opportunities on the Eastern Nile Sanitation Experiences; for cooperative management and investment, as well as the 3. China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy; risks of non-cooperation. The study concluded that there is 4. Local Financing of Utilities--Development of a a "development space" and that there are sufficient water Framework of Options and Recommendations for Peru; resources available to support a first set of mutually-beneficial 5. Governance in Water Resources Management (WRM) multipurpose investments, specifically a large multipurpose in Yemen; storage and hydropower facility on the Blue Nile, coupled 6. Quantifying the Economic Returns to Reliable Irrigation with a complementary set of investments (e.g., watershed Infrastructure Investments in Rural India; management in Ethiopia, floodplain management in Sudan, 7. Water and Climate Change: Transboundary Aspects; and and irrigation development and modernization). A key aim of 8. Improving Water Management in Rain-fed Agriculture the set of investments would be to address critical poverty and Wastewater Use in Urban Agriculture and livelihood aspects in the basin. Given their magnitude, such investments could also generate a number of "spill- 1. Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs) for the WSS Sub- over" effects that foster more extensive regional cooperation, Sector in Five Countries in West and Central Africa (GFR economic integration, prosperity, and peace. 3017, AFR Window, approved amount $540.000, status: ongoing) The findings of this study--and the extensive consultation process--played a critical role in assisting the Eastern The objective of this activity is to assess the efficiency and Nile countries to reach a common understanding of and effectiveness of public expenditures in the WSS sub-sector broad consensus on the outlines of an initial set of joint in five countries (Republic of Congo (RoC), Democratic investments on the Blue Nile (Joint Multipurpose Program Republic of Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Sierra 1 or JMP1). The $7 million JMP1 is currently in preparation Leone, and Togo). The proposed PERs will contribute to stage. New analytical work supported by the WPP is better informed decision-making by Ministries of Finance, currently underway, which builds upon the findings of this line Ministries, and donor agencies concerning the study. This new analytical work is expected to enable the allocation, targeting, and implementation of sector financing. Bank to better support the riparian countries in evolving the This, in turn, is a necessary condition for improving access first programs of investment. to water supply and sanitation. 26 This activity has advanced considerably since approved. technologies and reforms implemented (e.g., cost-recovery Consultants have been identified and are being contracted. and tariffs, regulations and capacity building); and an The team is working closely with the Water Anchor on a analysis of investments, technical and financial factors of WSS PER toolkit--financed by the Water Anchor Unit-- operations, and interactions among all the stakeholders and a WSS PER overview paper, for which the Anchor is involved in those operations. supervising the WPP funded consultants. Various DC-based and country WSP teams have reacted very positively to the 3. China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy planned PER work. Development of the Terms of Reference, (GFR 3481, EAP Window, approved amount $117,000, government contacts, and selection of consultants has been status: ongoing) done in consultation with Bank staff in the Africa Region and in each of the countries. Poverty Reduction and Economic The China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy Management Network (PREM) staff has been contacted will update the current China Water Resources Assistance in all countries as well. Consultancies and missions are Strategy, which was prepared in 2002. The updated combined with WSP's work on Country Status Overviews. strategy will be prepared using the latest approaches and technologies for WRM globally, to reflect current The PER in WSS exercise has been well received by the developments and changes in water resources planning and clients in both DRC and RoC, where the PER exercises management. The study will include the following tasks: fully complement the PEMU (urban water supply project) 1. Identify and assess the existing issues, changes, and PEEDU (water, energy, and urban development and strategies concerning water management from project). These projects are intended to strengthen the the basin-level perspective for each of the 10 water capacity of the Ministry in charge of water to better plan resource regions and largest river basins; and execute its budget. The results of the PER will be used 2. Identify and assess the existing issues, changes, to finalize TORs for the technical assistance to be funded policies and strategies related to WRM for each of the under those two operations. main sectors in China, including water-related social and economic issues, land use, environment, forestry, 2. Documenting Senegal and Burkina Faso's Successful agriculture, energy, urban, and transport; Sanitation Experiences (GFR 3144, AFR Window, 3. Review the existing research on the impact of climate approved amount $210.000, status: ongoing) change on water availability and seasonality for the seven river basins, analysis of the development impacts This activity has two main components: (1) assessing the of those resulting physical changes in different sectors, factors behind the successful implementation of sanitation and analysis of proactive adaptation strategies available projects in Senegal and Burkina Faso by evaluating their to reduce projected negative climate change-related methodologies, and financial and technical parameters; impacts; and and (2) assessing the policy, as well as the institutional 4. Based on the above assessments, propose and legal framework in order to replicate their key features coordinated sector strategies, including climate where applicable. adaptation strategies from the river basin perspective, for WRM in China. Rather than focusing on project impacts (health or poverty), which is costly and time-consuming, the study will The preparation of the China Water Resources Partnership focus on analyzing factors that have affected the project's Strategy includes policy-oriented workshops with outputs (physical achievements, hygiene trainings, etc.) government stakeholders, and broader publication of and the operations outcomes within the sector (e.g., both sector-specific policy notes and synthesis findings. increased access to sanitation services, functionality rate The Strategy will be prepared in close coordination and of facilities, etc.). cooperation among the Bank's different sector units, and with the Ministry of Water Resources as well as other line Activities will include a review of the context, legal ministries of the Chinese central government. framework, policy/strategies in place, sanitation 27 4. Local Financing of Utilities--Development of a Framework 6. Quantifying the Economic Returns to Reliable Irrigation of Options and Recommendations for Peru (GFR 3569, Infrastructure Investments in Rural India (GFR 3115, SAR WA/GP Window, approved amount $8,500, status: closed) Window, approved amount $67,000, status: ongoing) The main output of this activity was the formulation The aim of this activity is to assess the economic returns of options and recommendations to scale up local of reliable and predictable service delivery resulting from financing of water utilities in Peru. Under this activity, a investments in irrigation infrastructure. This work will also framework with different options for local financing was support a number of parallel analytical efforts related to developed. The support also included several concrete WRM and the irrigation sub-sector in India. The proposed recommendations for stakeholders on ways to implement study will use data from a National Council of Applied options for scaling up local financing. Economic Research farm plot-level survey (approximately 10,000 plots) and have the following three primary This activity has been completed. It successfully contributed components: to the dialogue between the Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the government of Peru. The 1. Identify the determinants of irrigation access and final report, made possible by WPP funding, presented quantify the impact of household access to irrigation lessons about governance and financial barriers limiting on households' income, production, and welfare, using utilities' access to local sources of finance as well as household-level data from 1999 and 2007. This analysis recommendations for removing those barriers. Value was will also enumerate poverty impacts and distributional added to this activity by bringing together team members effects; from inside the World Bank Group--in the Water Anchor, 2. Perform a plot-level analysis of the impact of access at the IFC, WSP, and LCR, both in Washington, DC, and to irrigation of varying quality on crop productivity and in Peru--with partners from the United Nations Secretary technology choice; and General's Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation 3. From these quantitative results, identify key policy and (UNSGAB). As a result, a new partnership was created. institutional constraints to maximizing the returns from these investments and highlight potential opportunities 5. Governance in Water Resources Management (WRM) in moving forward. (Yemen) (GFR 3797, MNA Window, approved amount $60,000, status: ongoing) This work will provide information on the returns to investments in reliable irrigation infrastructure and their This activity aims to provide technical assistance to the impacts on household income and crop productivity, as well governance component of the Anti-Corruption Action Plan as recommendations for future irrigation investments. that is part of Yemen's SWAp project in the water sector. This component attempts to tackle the likely governance/ 7. Water and Climate Change: Transboundary Aspects corruption issues that have undermined the efficiency and (GFR 3225, WA/GP Window, approved amount $42,000, sustainability of water resources use and allocation in Yemen. status: closed) WPP support has been assisting the government of The objective of this activity is to increase understanding of Yemen and the Bank team in designing the governance the global distribution of treaty and River Basin Organization component of the SWAp operation. Meetings among mechanisms that may confer resilience to variability in several government and donor entities (among others, the hydrological regime, and of the way the distribution the Netherlands and Germany) promoted good water aligns with current and anticipated regimes. The Bank governance in Yemen. By late 2010, this activity will peer reviewers found that the work did indeed add new produce a technical report and a training manual knowledge, and the WSB has decided to publish the work documenting the Yemeni water governance experience. as a WSB discussion paper. 28 One important analytical step forward made in this study the countries, symmetry in power relationships, etc.) may was the introduction of the concept of "Country Basin influence the resilience of river basins to external shocks. Units"--the part of a river basin within the boundaries of a The Mekong River Commission Secretariat has expressed country. This new concept allows institutions like treaties interest in using these analyses as a stepping stone for an in- and organizations, whose signatories and members are depth analysis of vulnerabilities in the Mekong River Basin. countries, to be cross-referenced to basins that are affected by climate change-induced water variability within basin 8. Improving Water Management in Rain-fed Agriculture and boundaries. This, in turn, permits the development of easy- Wastewater Use in Urban Agriculture (GFR 3812 & 3811, to-read maps that highlight areas of potential hotspots by WA/GP Window, approved amounts $65,000 and $45,000, combining high/medium/low water variability with high/ status: ongoing) medium/low resilience as related to instruments such as treaties (with certain defined characteristics) and river basin Improving Water Management in Rain-fed Agriculture organizations. In figure 6, examples of runoff variability maps A wide variety of measures for better managing rainwater show high water variability (present) and large, moderate or are being used and promoted in both developed and low changes in future variability combined with vulnerability. developing countries, but there has been limited systematic analysis of the effectiveness of different measures. There This activity is part of a larger exercise on water and climate is little quantification of their impacts in different settings, change. Another element is an analysis of the way in which almost no attempts to value them, and only limited other socio-economic factors (like trade, governance of knowledge of the potential complementarities of adopting a Figure 6: Maps Showing Runoff Variability 29 mix of measures. Under this WPP activity, which feeds into 6. Moldova Disaster Risk Hydrometeorolgy (HEF) a larger ongoing exercise, an illustration of the modeling 7. Haiti SWAT III Rural Sanitation Support (SWAT) approach for assessing the impacts and economic viability 8. Cameroon SWAT III Urban Sanitation Support (SWAT) of adopting improved water management measures is 9. Georgia--Rural Sanitation Consultancy (SWAT) being developed. It will support recommendations for client countries, the Bank, and other stakeholders in designing 1. Strategic Management for Dhaka Watershed within the and implementing appropriate interventions to increase Overall National Framework in Bangladesh (SAR, approved productivity in rain-fed agriculture through better water amount $79,000) management in lending instruments and programs. The main objectives of this GW-MATE activity are to: (a) Improving Wastewater Use in Urban Agriculture support the design of the Dhaka Environment and Water With high rates of urbanization in the developing world, Project, which is under preparation, by providing inputs urban agriculture and the use of wastewater for irrigation to the groundwater pollution modeling and definition of is expanding rapidly. Wastewater is often valued for being industrial flow paths, and advise on the institutional and reliable and low-cost, and for the nutrients it contains, but technical design of appropriate groundwater monitoring planned approaches to managing the risks associated systems and decision-support systems; and (b) support with wastewater reuse in agriculture are often lacking, and the conceptual design of the new proposed Bangladesh appropriate guidelines may be recognized but not enforced. Integrated Water Resources Management Project and This WPP activity aims to provide insights that will feed into a Institutional building project and advise in particular on how larger and ongoing exercise in this area. The main output of the national groundwater monitoring systems can complement activity will be a report that describes the current experience the provisions made under the Dhaka Environment and and trends in wastewater use for urban agriculture in Water Project and other associated operations under developing countries, identifies needed improvements and key lending/supervision. challenges to achieving these, and proposes a strategy with recommended actions for decision makers in client countries, GW-MATE has provided supervision support for water the Bank, and other donor agencies. quality monitoring, protection, and pollution reduction, as well as for capacity building for the identification and use of suitable groundwater and soil remediation technologies 5.4 EST Activity Results and Impacts for pollution assessment in Hazaribagh and in the greater Dhaka Area. The team consultant is supporting the Approval of EST activities has risen sharply in the second Bangladesh Water Development Board in upgrading the half of 2009. Some activities shown below illustrate the groundwater monitoring network and reviewing institutional ESTs' support. arrangements. GW-MATE has also advised the Dhaka utility on the design of early warning systems to safeguard potable 1. Strategic Groundwater Management for Dhaka water from wastewater contamination. Watershed within Overall National Framework (GW- MATE) Expected outcomes of this support are: 2. Improving Groundwater Management in Peru (GW- MATE) i) Advances in cost-effective arsenic-reduction methods 3. SADC-GEF Groundwater and Drought Management for safe water; Project (GW-MATE) ii) Policy reform towards use of an integrated approach to 4. India Hydrology 2 Project (HEF) groundwater monitoring; and 5. Central Asia Water-Energy Modeling and Analysis iii) New lending (Dhaka Environment and Water project: (HEF) $70 million). 30 2. Improving Groundwater Management in Peru (LCR, The GW-MATE consultants provide specialized technical approved amount $44,900) guidance to the SADC's water division on action for a regional strategic approach to enhance the capacity of GW-MATE is providing technical assistance for establishing SADC member states to define drought management the groundwater management division of the national water policies as they relate to the role, availability (magnitude and agency in Peru (Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA)). ANA recharge), and supply potential of groundwater resources. will provide regulatory oversight for WRM in Peru. The GW- GW-MATE is working with the project management MATE team has worked with Bank staff to develop pilots for unit to review and advise on the technical suitability and the WRM modernization project (Ica River Basin) and the sustainability of interventions and methodologies for drainage project (Chancau-Lambayque Basin) to strengthen community-level groundwater and drought mitigation plans the capacity for groundwater management at the basin level. in the Limpopo River basin pilot areas. The objectives of GW-MATE support for ANA are: Expected outcomes of this support are: i) At the central level, to set up and strengthen a groundwater unit that will promote integration of · Greater awareness among policy makers of the groundwater considerations in the national WRM economic value of groundwater. Related outreach to framework; and engage policy makers on groundwater governance is ii) At the basin level, to recommend strategies, technical currently being done through training sessions and approaches, and institutional mechanisms for road shows that target key decision makers in Africa; addressing critical groundwater management issues in and two pilot basins (Ica and Lambayeque). · Strengthened regional capacity for groundwater management issues by supporting training and Expected outcomes of this support are: awareness activities at events and participation in the activities by various organizations. i) Harmonized sectoral policy on GWRM and increased technical capacity of ANA to strategically manage water 4. India Hydrology 2 Project (SAR, approved amount resources in the Ica and Lambayeque basins; and $28,000) ii) Potential request from the Ministry of Agriculture for additional lending support to formulate a groundwater The India Hydrology 2 Project ($135 million) aims management project in the coastal area of Peru. to support the modernization and strengthening of hydrologic and climate networks and information systems 3. SADC-GEF Groundwater and Drought Management and tools (in 13 States and eight central agencies), Project (AFR, approved amount $50,600) and the sustained and effective use of these systems by all potential users for water resources planning and Through the Southern African Development Community development purposes. HEF supported the participation (SADC) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) of an expert who provided advice and guidance on Groundwater and Drought Management Project, GW- the importance of modernization and strengthening of MATE is supporting SADC's Groundwater Management hydrologic and climate networks and information systems Program to: (a) develop interventions for community-level and tools (e.g., emerging hydrology applications such as groundwater and drought mitigation plans piloted in the innovations in satellite hydrology); implementing water Limpopo River basin; (b) guide the development and legislation and instruments in WRM (e.g., bulk water application of algorithms and spatial representations for pricing, basin agencies); and water/energy nexus issues mapping "groundwater drought" and test methodology for (e.g., energy regulation). The expert provided examples of determining the economic value of groundwater; and (c) international experience and know-how on these issues. strengthen regional capacity for groundwater governance. 31 5. Central Asia Water-Energy Modeling and Analysis (ECA, mechanism for the next stages of the process was identified, approved amount $25,000) involving implementation by a local Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that is supported by specialist expertise The Bank is embarking on a comprehensive, long-term in both participatory hygiene approaches and appropriate program to assist in easing tensions around water low-cost sanitation construction technologies. and energy in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan). As part of this The input of an experienced SWAT consultant from West program, the Bank is working with regional institutions Africa has driven the agenda from a hardware-based (which have the mandate from all five heads of state) to approach to a hygiene-promotion and software-based build their capabilities in analysis, especially the interface/ approach, and has resulted in the formation of a core team linkage of water and energy (which have largely been of sanitation expertise and responsibility in the Ministry of analyzed separately). HEF facilitated the involvement Public Works, Transportation and Communication and the of two international experts, one of them a HEF expert implementing agency. Thanks to this support, the Bank is panel member, to inform the client countries on current now perceived as sector leader in developing and testing international practices and technical advances and tools in sustainable sanitation options. this field. The experts' participation was considered an asset for the Bank program, and it may result in the formation 8. Cameroon SWAT III Urban Sanitation Support (AFR, of an ongoing advisory group for the Bank's Central Asia approved amount $75,000) Energy-Water Development Framework. The objective of this assignment is to orient the Bank staff 6. Moldova Disaster Risk Hydrometeorolgy (ECA, approved and the client on possible directions for investments of amount $26,000) approximately $50 million to improve sanitation and hygiene in Yaoundé and Douala, the largest cities in Cameroon. The Bank is providing technical support to Moldovan institutions to enhance their ability to integrate This SWAT assignment consisted of: climate change adaptation into agricultural policies, programs, and investments. Support includes improving · A review of all aspects of the existing status of hydrometeorological services to address key gaps in their sanitation; capacity to mitigate damage associated with severe or · An outline of an integrated approach to sanitation extreme weather events. Moldova's agricultural sector improvement and hygiene promotion; in particular would benefit from timely and user-friendly · An institutional approach that defines realistic roles weather-related information. Within the above context, HEF for implementation of interventions in sanitation and provided expert advice on hydrometeorological forecasting hygiene promotion; and and the strengthening of hydrometeorological services. · Indicative investment plans in sanitation, sewerage, and hygiene promotion to be included in the future project, 7. Haiti SWAT III Rural Sanitation Support (LCR, approved which reflect both costs and realistic timing. amount $41,000) The activity supported the development of a sanitation plan SWAT is providing support to assist Haiti in defining a basic for the two major cities of Cameroon. As important as these approach to sanitation promotion in two existing Bank loans reports are, their value stems from the participatory nature that could be scaled up at the national level. of their development, and SWAT's success in fostering a local sanitation debate (and local ownership of the issue) at Under this activity, the approach to sanitation and hygiene a validation workshop. The work triggered a major initiative, promotion in rural projects was defined, based on a mix of which seeks funds from the WPP, to develop a national both "traditional" social marketing approaches and piloting sanitation strategy that will take into account the needs of of a microcredit sanitation revolving fund. Also, a workable marginalized populations. 32 9. Georgia Rural Sanitation Consultancy (ongoing) (ECA, template that classifies activities as either upstream or approved amount $44,500) downstream, while many activities support both. Therefore, this methodology needs to be adapted. This SWAT activity aims to formulate a short-, medium- and long-term strategy as well as immediate, short-term actions The Program Management Team has agreed to present to improve the sanitation and hygienic conditions of areas in a proposed redefinition of these targets to the donors Georgia that will be unsewered over the next 10 years. The by September of 2010. Hence, this section presents the focus would be on areas where some or all of the population results for the target on Africa, which is the only one that in the unsewered areas do not have access to adequate, does not need to be redefined and has been assessed for hygienic sanitation at the household or communal level. the 2009 WPP portfolio. A report outlining potential short- and medium-term actions The WPP Framework Proposal stated that 30 percent of for sanitation in small towns, villages, and rural areas total funding should focus on countries in Africa.17 In 2009, was formulated and is currently being discussed with the $6.3 million was approved for WPP activities18; $2.6 million stakeholders. (or 42%) of those activities focused on Africa. If activities approved in 2009 are implemented as planned and new activities show a similar focus on Africa in 2010, the 5.5 Program Targets Program will reach its target. During the formulation of WPP targets, specific indicators were set and defined in the WPP Framework Proposal. 5.6 Key Developments on WPP Program WPP funds should address gender issues, contribute to Management poverty reduction, focus on Africa, and provide support to downstream activities. Early during its inception, the Program Management Team focused on the development and implementation of In the course of 2009, the WPP's donors initiated systems and procedures for the approval of work plans discussions concerning the definition of the targets on and individual activities, and the development of monitoring poverty reduction and gender indicators, requesting that instruments. One parameter the Team monitors to assess WPP Program Management : (a) assess whether the the approval process is the number of days a proposal is present definitions properly capture the contributions held by the WPP, from initial submission to approval of the WPP is already making in these areas, (b) take into individual activities. This process includes initial submission, account the causal chains of projects to get a sense of revision by an expert of the WPP Review Panel and the how WPP activities are linked with potential end outcomes WPP Team, verification of incorporation of comments, of influenced Bank projects, and (c) define how the WPP and approval by the WPP Program Manager. On average, is able to influence and support poverty and/or gender proposals submitted to the WPP are only 10 business days outcomes of more policy-oriented projects. In the discussion on the WPP's side before approval. note concerning the poverty reduction and gender targets, the WPP will also propose a more specific definition for In the second half of 2009, the WPP also began formulating the upstream versus downstream support indicator. The a Communication Strategy, an M&E Framework, and a methodology that the WPP initially aimed to use for this Fundraising Strategy. These documents will be finalized in indicator was based on a field in the activity application the first semester of 2010. 17. The WPP Framework Proposal depicts that global activities should also be taken into account, as this category of activities also benefits work in Africa. Thus far, the WPP has not included global projects in the assessment of the Africa target. Since staff costs should not be included when assessing performance in terms of the targets, only funding for activities can count towards achieving the targets. When taking into account only the activity budget, the percentage towards the Focus on Africa target is 35 percent. 18. This only includes the approvals of activities, and thus WPP, EST, and regional management costs are not included. 33 34 6. mm y mary Financial Summary This chapter provides financial information on donor and WA/GP) have had their proposals approved and/or contributions, approvals, disbursements and commitments submitted proposals for a large portion of their allocations: of activities, and program management costs. A detailed 100, 97, 86, and 84 percent respectively. LCR and AFR description of the finances of the ESTs is provided as well. have allocated less than 70 percent of their resources. A total of 97 activities (including 44 for ESTs) were approved in 2009 for a total amount of $8.1 million, most of 6.3 WPP Expenditure Overview by which are currently under implementation. When Program Window Management (PM) activities are included, the total amount of approved and proposed activities was $14.9 million, The pace of disbursements and commitments has increased representing 89 percent of the total contributions received considerably since program inception. This is a natural and 62 percent of the total grant. tendency as many of the initial expenses are primarily geared to program administration and management activities (see figure 7). As most regional blocks are fully 6.1 Donor Contributions to the WPP allocated to individual activities, it is expected that the pace will continue to grow exponentially. Total contributions to the WPP are projected19 to amount to approximately $24 million. As of December 31, 2009, Figure 7: Activity Approvals and $16.8 million in donor contributions had been received Disbursements per Month (see table 4, next page). Two transfers are planned for 2010, one from DfID and one from DANIDA. In addition, 18 16 the WPP will receive $2.7 million from two trust funds 14 in water managed by the Bank and supported by the USD millions 12 Netherlands (BNWP and BWNPP) that were closed in 10 2009 and consolidated to establish the WPP. 8 6 4 2 6.2 WPP Activity Proposal and 0 Allocations Overview Jan'09 Feb'09 Mar'09 Apr'09 May'09 Jun'09 Jul'09 Aug'09 Sep'09 Oct'09 Nov'09 Dec'09 As of December 31, 2009, 53 WPP activities had been Endorsed Individual Total disbursements workplan approved (ex. commitments: approved for a total amount of $5.7 million (see table 5, next budgets activities $1.5 M on 31-12-2009) page), and the pipeline of proposed activities amounted to $4.0 million.20 Four Regions/Windows (WBI, EAP, MNA, 19. These are projected figures subject to exchange rate fluctuations (DANIDA and DfID provide the financial support in local currency). 20. These numbers do not include the EST activities; these are specified in section 6.4. 35 Table 4: Overview of Donor Contributions to the WPP Donor currency USD Contributions to Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Total the WPP Date of tranche Currency pledged received due received due Amount Denmark (DANIDA) First tranche 12/15/08 DKK 7,250,000 7,250,000 0 1,331,423 Second tranche 7/15/09 DKK 7,250,000 7,250,000 0 1,375,607 Thrid tranche proposed DKK 14,500,000 14,500,000 2,821,890 April 2010 DANIDA Total DKK 29,000,000 14,500,000 14,500,000 2,707,031 2,821,890 5,528,921 United Kingdom (DfID) First tranche 1/12/09 GBP 750,000 750,000 0 1,094,250 Second tranche 6/17/09 GBP 1,000,000 1,000,000 0 1,621,400 Third tranche 12/28/09 GBP 250,000 250,000 0 400,063 Fourth tranche 4/10/10 GBP 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,613,800 DfID Total GBP 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 3,115,713 1,613,800 4,729,513 Netherlands (DGIS) First tranche 1/27/09 USD 4,000,000 4,000,000 0 4,000,000 Second tranche 8/5/09 USD 7,000,000 7,000,000 0 7,000,000 Balance from expected Q3 USD 2,734,759 2,734,759 2,734,759 BNWP/P FY10 DGIS Total USD 13,734,759 11,000,000 2,734,759 11,000,000 2,734,759 13,734,759 WPP Total USD 16,822,743 7,170,449 23,993,192 Table 5: Overview of WPP Proposals and Budget Allocations per Window21 Proposals in the GFR system (in USD) WPP Budget Window Submitted / allocations % of budget No. of appr Draft under revision Approved Total (in USD) subm/appr prop. AFR 100,000 700,000 1,767,700 2,567,700 4,000,000 62 9 EAP 0 406,000 905,000 1,311,000 1,350,000 97 9 ECA 40,000 805,000 235,000 1,080,000 1,350,000 77 2 LAC 198,650 90,000 665,500 954,150 1,350,000 56 7 MNA 100,000 791,160 370,000 1,261,160 1,350,000 86 4 SAR 0 0 943,000 943,000 1,350,000 70 11 WA/GP 0 397,000 731,601 1,128,601 1,350,000 84 10 WBI 0 360,000 40,000 400,000 400,000 100 1 Grand Total 438,650 3,549,160 5,657,801 9,645,611 12,500,000 74 53 EST activities 2,460,361 3,385,361 3,750,000 Approved WPP PM GFRs 1,881,240 1,881,240 1,881,240 9,999,402 14,912,212 18,131,240 21. The financial overview of EST activities is provided in section 6.4. 36 As of December 2009, the ESTs and WA/GP Windows large number of activities being approved late in 2009. had disbursed and/or committed more than 50 percent of Disbursements and commitments are beginning to increase the amount allocated to them (see table 6). The EAP, AFR, at the end of 2009 (as seen in figure 7, page 35). and MNA Windows had fairly low levels of commitments and disbursements while ECA and WBI had not disbursed Figure 8 provides a financial overview of the WPP Windows. any resources. These low levels are primarily due to the Details on each of the three ESTs are provided in section 6.4. Table 6: Approved Activity Budgets, Receipts and Expenditures per Window22 Approved Disbursement + commitments amount Receipts Disbursements Commitments % of % of appr Window (in USD) (in USD) (in USD) (in USD) USD receipts amount AFR 1,767,700 995,000 125,797 101,305 227,102 23 13 EAP 905,000 367,000 30,868 29,411 60,279 16 7 ECA 235,000 105,000 0 0 0 0 0 LAC 665,500 411,900 80,382 89,573 169,955 41 26 MNA 370,000 200,000 5,850 40,226 46,076 23 12 SAR 943,000 718,000 53,186 259,162 312,347 44 33 WBI 40,000 20,000 0 0 0 0 0 WA/GP 731,601 393,974 67,192 167,174 234,366 59 32 ESTs 3,750,000 2,100,000 693,919 814,745 1,508,664 72 40 TOTAL 9,407,801 5,310,874 1,057,193 1,501,595 2,558,788 48 27 Note: WPP PM disbursements and commitments amount $ 268,443 (10% of total disbursements and commitments) Figure 8: Overall Budget, Approved and Pipeline Activity Amounts and Expenditures per WPP Window23 4.0 3.5 3.0 USD millions 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 AFR EAP ECA LAC MNA SAR WBI WA / GP Overall budget Approved amount Pipeline amount Disbursement + commitments 22. The ESTs Window has a different structure than the other Windows. The approved amount for the ESTs Window is equal to the overall ESTs budget allocation. 23. Pipeline activities are those for which an application has been initialed in the GFR system. This includes both draft proposals that have not yet been submitted to the WPP and proposals that have been returned for revision. 37 6.4 Overview of EST Financials Per Region, the ESTs have approved, committed, and disbursed funds as shown in figure 10 Noteworthy is Forty-four EST activities were approved in 2009, for a that 25 percent of the approvals and 30 percent of the total amount of $2.5 million. As of December 31, 2009, commitments plus disbursements concern activities in the pipeline of proposed EST activities amounted to $0.9 the Africa Region, while EAP and MNA are receiving less million. Of all Windows, the ESTs Window has disbursed support from the EST teams. and/or committed the most in 2009. Almost $700,000 has been disbursed, while over $800,000 has been Figure 9: Overall Budget, Approved and committed. Combined, this represents over 40 percent of Pipeline Activity Amounts and the budget allocated to the ESTs. For 2009, the approved Expenditures per EST25 budget for EST activities of $2.5 million amounts to 66 1.5 percent of the allocated budget. Figure 9 provides a financial overview of the three ESTs 1.2 (GW-MATE, HEF, and SWAT) that receive funding through USD millions the WPP, while table 7 provides more detailed information. 0.9 These overviews indicate that GW-MATE and HEF are well on track, while SWAT is clearly behind on the other 0.6 two ESTs in terms of approvals and expenditures. 0.3 Both GW-MATE and HEF approved more than they received in 2009, while GW-MATE already has allocated 0 its full overall budget, if their pipeline projects are also GW-MATE HEF SWAT taken into account. Overall budget Approved amount Pipeline amount Disbursement + commitments Table 7: Detailed Financial Overview of ESTs GW-MATE HEF SWAT TOTAL Overall budget (in USD) 1,250,000 1,250,000 1,250,000 3,750,000 Receipts as of 12/31/2010 (in USD) 750,000 750,000 600,000 2,100,000 APPROVED ACTIVITIES & PM No. of approved activities 16 22 6 44 Total approved amt (in USD) 1,078,309 843,600 538,452 2,460,361 Total commitments + disbursements (in USD) 633,833 626,264 248,568 1,508,664 Total available budget (in USD) 171,691 406,400 711,548 1,289,639 % approved of receipts 144 112 90 117 % comm+disb of receipts 84 84 41 72 % approved of overall budget 86 67 43 66 % comm+disb of overall budget 50 50 20 40 PIPELINE ACTIVITIES No. of pipeline activities 6 6 8 20 Pipeline amt (in USD) 315,000 210,000 400,000 925,000 24. The allocated budget is transferred to the ESTs in tranches, and at least 70 percent of initial transfers must be committed and/or disbursed before the next transfer can be processed. 25. EST pipeline activities are those for which a proposal is being drafted, or for which a TTL has expressed interest in applying for EST funding. 38 Figure 10: EST Approvals and Expenditures per Region 0.5 0.4 USD millions 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR GLOBAL Approved amounts Disbursements + commitments 6.5 Financial Summary on Program During 2009, about $270,000 were incurred in program Management management costs, equal to about 10 percent of the total expenditures. This is only slightly over the 9.25 percent of WPP Program Management costs include costs incurred total Program funding allocated to program management by the Program Management Team and the Bank technical costs.26 Since the WPP focused during the first half of experts who provide strategic advice and support to 2009 on the establishment of processes and procedures to the WPP. In addition to staff and consultant costs, this ensure smooth operation, and on the review and approval category encompasses costs associated with WPP donor of strategic work plans, this is very satisfactory. Overall, the coordination, outreach and communications, M&E, and program has been cost-effective in its administration, having dissemination activities (Web site, brochure, etc.). benefited from the lessons learned from the two preceding water trust funds managed by the Water Anchor. 21. TThe 9.25 percent cap for program management costs differs from the staff costs cap of 15 percent because WPP donor coordination, outreach, M&E, and dissemination costs do not include staff time, and supervision of activities by regional staff does not count as program management. 39 40 7. 10 and Beyond 0 d Outlook 2010 and Bey nd During the course of 2009, the WPP not only put in place the (c) The formulation and implementation of a communications systems and processes necessary for an efficient program and knowledge dissemination strategy. The WPP is operation but also built a solid portfolio, which is beginning developing a communications and knowledge dissemination to yield results. In 2010, the Program Management Team will strategy to capture and share the knowledge generated start to look beyond the current funding cycle (ending June by the program. Special attention will be paid to synergies 2011) with existing and potential new donors. In terms of between different activities, both within and between Regions. improving program quality, in 2010, the WPP will focus on: Lessons learned and knowledge generated by individual (a) Carrying out a mid-term review of the strategic Window activities will be disseminated through the promotion of work plans, taking into account the distribution of exchange of experiences, workshops, technical meetings, etc. unused and additional funds; The development of an open-access database for all WPP (b) Developing an M&E framework; and activity documents, including proposals and outputs, will (c) Formulating and implementing a communications and increase the accessibility of generated knowledge. Through knowledge dissemination strategy. these activities, the WPP aims to mainstream innovative approaches, technologies, and strategies to ensure that (a) A mid-term review of the strategic Window work these will be applied in future Bank activities, and will lead to plans taking into account the distribution of unallocated new Bank projects in the water sector. The WPP Team will (additional) funds. All Window work plans will be reviewed in also develop "branding" for the program that will include a the first half of 2010, to assess progress on implementation recognizable design for reports, presentations, a Web site, and to discuss possibilities for better alignment with the latest and promotional materials. developments and issues in the water sector. The mid-term review will provide the opportunity to discuss the allocation of (d) Next phase of the Program. The WPP Team is beginning additional funds to the Windows. to look beyond the current funding cycle, which ends in June 2011. To ensure that there is enough time to close (b) The development of an M&E framework. The formulation this funding cycle, activities must be fully implemented by of this framework will enable the Program to structure an M&E December 2010. This will be followed by a grace period of process at the activity and program level, in order to measure 4 months to allow existing commitments to be fulfilled. On the program's efficiency and effectiveness in achieving its several occasions, the Bank's Regions have underlined how goals, and to ensure adaptive management. As part of the M&E crucial the WPP is to the Bank's lending and analytical work framework, indicators to be used will be described, as well as in the sector and have expressed the need for the Program the methodologies for collecting information on the indicators, to continue. The Bank and the donors should, early in the the timeline, and the budget. At the program level, the existing process, engage in discussions to identify the different options targets' performance and impacts will be completed with for the Program, including (i) a potential budget-neutral additional program management performance indicators, and extension, (ii) replenishment of the Program, (iii) a fundraising further defined as expected short-, medium-, and long-term strategy to attract other donors, or (iv) closure of the Program. impacts. At the activity level, outcome indicators are specified in proposals. The M&E framework will contain a general approach for measuring achievements for these indicators. 41 42 ANNEX mmary m y Detailed Summary of I. k Plans Strategic Work Pla ans This Annex contains a detailed description of the work plans WPP activities in the Africa Region are grouped into the of all WPP Windows, focusing on key challenges in the following components: Regions and proposed focus areas. a) PERs: a series of PERs for the water sector is proposed for a number of fragile states; and I.I Africa Region (AFR) development of a methodology for PER to enable countries to carry out this exercise effectively. The strategic work plan of the Africa Region lists the b) Evaluation of the water and sanitation sub-sector following issues as the key water challenges of the Region: performance and improvement of M&E systems: analyze financial and technical parameters of sanitation · The WSS sub-sector in Sub Saharan Africa suffers from operations; and document these successful sanitation low levels of expenditures and weak budget execution experiences so that they can be replicated in the Region. rates; c) Development of sanitation strategies: development of · Weak M&E systems for the water sector; new sanitation strategies; review of existing policies · Sanitation is lagging behind and not all countries will and strategies; and formulation of proposals for achieve the MDG targets; implementation of these strategies. · Slow progress in urban water sector reform, and mixed d) Support for urban water sector reform and PPPs; experience with private sector participation; technical assistance; and development of knowledge · Water insecurity due to climate variability; products and strategies for the urban water supply · Low levels of water development and a weak pipeline of sector in the Region, for example, management investments; and models involving performance contracts between the · Competition for water and weak cooperative government and the water utilities. mechanisms. e) Capacity building for town and rural water supply: support for managing pumps and spare parts for rural water supply The activities funded by the WPP are expected to at sub-regional levels; for mainstreaming the procedures; complement the operational activities and the analytical and for extending the supply chain to all levels. work of the Bank's Africa water units, and to play a catalytic f) Water and climate resilience: support to risk mitigation role in addressing these key challenges. Activities related to in operations; and support to climate resilience using urban water sector and Public Private Partnerships (PPP) high-level expert inputs and consultations, building on may be carried out with support from the Public-Private basin-level assessments in Niger, Nile, and Zambezi. Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF), and the small town g) Water and growth: support to growth-centered investment and rural WSS work will be coordinated with the activities operations using high-level expert inputs; and support to being carried out by the WSP and other actors in the field. an expanded AWM program under the "Agricultural Water for Africa" (AgWa) Partnership. 43 h) Support to cooperative management of water Water Supply and Sanitation component--China (unless resources across sectors and across jurisdictions in otherwise indicated) several countries, through review of Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy (CWRAS) experiences · Review and upgrade of national design codes in so far; implementation of four or five CWRASs in relation to urban water supply and drainage. selected countries; and regional integration strategy · Provincial benchmarking of water supply and wastewater development in one or two river basins. utility's operational and financial performance. · Implementation of International Benchmarking Network (IB-NET) in China. I.II East Asia and Pacific Region (EAP) · Study of water pricing for Water Users Association (WUA) sustainability in China. In the strategic work plan of EAP, the key water challenges · Rural wastewater management. were embedded in the description and definition of the · Delivery of sanitation services in small towns or suburbs components. EAP specified the following two components: of cities. · Urban wastewater sludge management. · The WRM component, addressing the need for proper · Development of pilot project--enhanced protection of WRM in China and Vietnam, and responding to the key water sources for Ulaanbaatar city (Mongolia). challenges and opportunities; and · Improved wastewater management at natural sites · The water supply and sanitation component, addressing (Mongolia). the need for efficient water and sanitation services. · Southern Mongolia WRM (Mongolia). · Improving the accountability framework of public water The activities listed below have been mentioned by EAP as supply and sanitation providers (Indonesia). potential illustrative activities. · Making water services work for the poor (Philippines). WRM component--China (unless otherwise indicated) I.III Europe and · Update of China's CWRAS. Central Asia Region (ECA) · Development impacts of climate-induced changes in China's water resources. According to ECA, there are four common key challenges · Multi-objective optimal scheduling for basin water and approaches throughout ECA: resources for cascaded mega-sized reservoir clusters-- adaptation to climate change. 1. WRM: in many countries, better risk management is · Support for promoting the integrated lake basin needed for droughts, floods, and landslides, focusing management approaches. on disaster mitigation as well as post-disaster · Tai Lake water quality environment management. assistance. Trans-national initiatives will be required for · Evaluating, preventing, and controlling pollution in water managing shared water bodies such as rivers and seas. source areas by dams or other man-made hydraulic 2. Irrigation: the collapse of irrigation infrastructure structures. has made water distribution unreliable, and caused · Revision of national guidelines on dam (reservoir) safety waterlogging and salinity. Transfer of irrigation management. schemes to WUAs since the early 1990s has brought · Risk-informed dam safety management. gains in terms of increased efficiency and productivity. · Study on evapotranspiration (ET)-based water rights 3. WSS: municipal water supply is intermittent in many system and its compensation mechanisms. countries, and sewage and wastewater treatment · Training program on Environmental Impact Assessment systems are not functioning. Continued rehabilitation (EIA) of dams. and modernization of water infrastructure are required, · Investment planning and preparation for integrated combined with institutional strengthening. Modernizing WRM in Vietnam Mekong Delta. subsidy schemes so they reach the poor should accompany increased cost recovery. 44 4. Hydropower: ensuring the safety of existing dams is Under these strategic themes, the priorities addressed by the critical. Multi-partner engagement in hydropower in the LCR water units through ongoing operations are categorized Balkans and Central Asia can help countries develop in the strategic work plan for the WPP in seven groups/ their potential in a sustainable way. components of similar activities and issues: The ECA work plan includes activities that support all of a) IWRM: providing high-level periodic expertise for the these challenges, with regard to both better management identification, preparation, and supervision of complex of the sector and building foundations for further IWRM projects in addition to the Bank's available sustainable development of infrastructure. The strategic preparation budget, and knowledge management and work plan has been formulated based on geographic rather dissemination of innovative technical, economic, and than thematic blocks, since the challenges facing the institutional solutions in WRM. sector are geographically delineated. The work plan has b) IUWRM: providing expert support to selected three components: IUWRM projects to develop strategic integrated water management plans and approaches; document and a) Development of a Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy disseminate best practices; and develop a strategy and of an Irrigation Strategy to inform the general direction and methodology for approaching governments and for the water sector portfolio in ECA. fostering interest in IUWRM solutions. b) Water Sector Program for the Balkans, including c) Irrigation and drainage management and modernization: national water sector assessments, climate change, providing innovation and added value to the hydropower, and transboundary issues. identification, preparation, and supervision of irrigation c) Water Sector Program for Central Asia, including river and drainage projects, and responding to new basin development, WSS strategies, and dam safety demands for PPP models in the irrigation sub-sector. and efficiency. d) Efficient management and provision of urban water supply and sanitation services: supporting ongoing initiatives for efficient provision of water supply and I.IV Latin America and the sanitation services, including increasing coverage for Caribbean Region (LCR) the poor in peri-urban areas; for hygiene promotion; and for efficient utility management. Facing the challenges of a high rate of urbanization and e) Sustainable water supply and sanitation provision for recognizing the impacts of climate change, the strategic rural areas and small towns: engaging and compiling themes of the Bank's work in the water sector in LCR are knowledge and experience of increasing scale and described in the strategic work plan as follows: scope, by tackling the issues of appropriate service levels, economic efficiency, and management models for 1) Promoting and increasing support for IWRM and dispersed, rural water supply. planning in urban areas, river basins, and aquifers; f) Strengthening risk management in the water sector: 2) Improving the efficiency of water supply and sanitation providing high-level expertise in response to countries' services as well as hydraulic infrastructure in urban and demands to strengthen their capacity for future rural areas, and modernizing irrigation and drainage; risk management in the water sector; developing 3) Supporting the water sector's legal and institutional emergency management programs; and systematic framework, and increasing capacity for policy analysis evaluation of risks. and assessment of investment options; g) Interactive management of water knowledge: further 4) Facilitating capturing and sharing of international good enhancing and expanding the on-line knowledge base practices for the water sector in the Region. started as the Wikipedia-WB pilot, in partnership with clients and other development institutions. 45 I.V Middle East and Northern Africa d) Utility management: implementing demand and supply Region (MNA) management for efficiency gains across many large and small utilities of the Region to combat inefficiencies in The strategic work plan states that most MNA countries operation and service quality. share the following water management challenges: e) Outsourcing irrigation services: designing and evaluating appropriate models for outsourcing irrigation · Unsustainable and inefficient use: a majority of services for existing and new schemes, and ways to countries uses more water than their renewable promote PPP for irrigation. supplies, and many use the water wastefully. Leakage f) Modernization of irrigation practices: monitor the effects in urban systems often reaches 40 to 50 percent. More on hydrology (surface and groundwater) of switching than half of the water withdrawn for agriculture does from flood to drip irrigation in different conditions. not reach the plants as intended. g) Strengthening of WUAs in the communal use of · Ineffective policies: policies relating to food security and groundwater. maintaining rural employment have led to tariff and non- h) Groundwater management: establishing on-demand tariff mechanisms to protect agriculture. Policies on water expertise and technical assistance based on the pricing threaten the financial sustainability of utilities in world's best experiences, focusing on countries that many countries in the Region. depend entirely on groundwater, as well as others with · Deteriorating water quality: insufficient sanitation communal use. infrastructure has contaminated surface and i) Capacity building in water management: providing groundwater, with negative impacts on the environment on-demand support to MNA task teams and technical and public health. assistance to clients in the application of new approaches · Excessive reliance on the public purse: public spending and new techniques, and supporting the establishment of on water accounts for between 1 and 5 percent of the an Arab Water Academy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Region, and as j) Water resources allocation: producing a framework for much as one quarter of public capital expenditure. Yet developing water allocation models, building on the much of the public spending does not generate the experiences of Australia and Spain. benefits that were expected. k) Climate change and WRM: providing technical assistance to help adjust water strategies across the MNA has categorized its thematic priorities to address Region to the concerns relating to climate change. This these issues in eleven groups/ components under the three includes infrastructure design optimization, allocation, main themes of WSS, Irrigation and Drainage, and WRM: hydrological modeling, monitoring, enforcement, and flood protection. a) Wastewater management: ensuring that efficient systems--low-cost and appropriate technologies--are adopted in planned major investment programs for I.VI South Asia Region (SAR) increasing the collection, treatment, and reuse of wastewater. In the strategic work plan of SAR, the key water challenges b) Private Sector Participation (PSP): assisting were embedded in the description and definition of the governments to achieve the best outcome from their components. SAR categorized its thematic priorities engagement in PSP. While the recent history with PSP across three themes in nine groups/components of similar in some countries has been disappointing, the interest activities and issues. in PSP in water in the Region remains relatively high. c) Sector reform: providing impartial advice to the WRM: the major issues relate to weak water institutions, governments of the Region on best practices and water resources quality and management in fragile policies for efficient outcomes from recently initiated ecosystems, and to lack of water resources data and sector reforms and those under discussion. information sharing. SAR aims to use WPP funding to address these issues through activities focusing on: 46 a) Water resources institutions agenda: supporting the a) Irrigation institutions' reform: supporting the development and strengthening of institutions. development of a regional, comprehensive vision for b) Water resources quality and management in fragile WUAs' development and subsequent changes needed ecosystems: supporting the monitoring of water quality and in the functions of the irrigation agencies, including a groundwater salinity, supporting operations, and review of review of best practices; and the best practices on river clean-up. b) Economics of irrigation and ISF: assessing the returns c) Water resources knowledge base and information: of irrigation investments in the Region, identifying exchanging information and strengthening the critical policy and institutional needs to maximize water resources knowledge base needed to better the returns to irrigation investments, studying the understand and address regionally recurring water- levels of ISFs and collection rates in the Region, and related hazards. developing proposals for increasing the fees and their collection. WSS: many small towns exist in SAR, neither large enough for utility management approaches nor small enough for community management. This segment is an important I.VII World Bank Institute (WBI) Window and growing focus of the Bank's engagement in SAR. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in mobilizing the WBI is the Bank Group's principal provider of learning private sector to support service delivery in all segments, activities. WBI develops capacity building and learning requiring reform in all market segments. In urban areas, programs, collects and shares knowledge on key issues in there is a growing challenge related to sanitation services, the water sector, and leads south-south learning on water while the inefficiency and lack of capacity of urban water management. WBI also supports the development of providers leave room for improvements. SAR aims to "centers of excellence," such as the Arab Water Academy strengthen its operational and analytical work through and the African Water Academy, as well as the Bank's WPP-funded activities as follows: business plan on scaling up investment in agriculture water in Africa. a) Town water and sanitation: supporting the technical, financial, and institutional challenges related to The WBI's Water Program seeks to enhance the capacity providing water and sanitation services in small towns; and skills of institutions, professionals, and civil society b) Supporting reform agenda: assessing experiences on working on water issues, with emphasis on sustainable and reform; advocacy to support the client; and investments efficient management of water resources and service delivery. to improve the WSS systems; WBI is seeking WPP funding to support the program c) Sanitation: addressing--depending on the evolving strategy, which is to: demand--the urban on-site sanitation and service provision; and building on work undertaken by WSP in · Develop and deliver multi-year, high-quality learning the development of sanitation strategies and plans; programs offering an array of courses and specialized d) Reducing the financing gap: improving management of technical assistance; key cost centers associated with Non-Revenue Water · Enhance organizational capacity and build relationships (NRW) and energy management, by improved revenue with regional partners, particularly the Arab Water management activities, and by improved incentives. Academy and the African Water Academy; · Act as facilitator to build professional networks by Irrigation and Drainage: the main issues in this sub-sector focusing on executives and senior professionals as are: ineffective capacity building and institutional support "agents of change;" that does not lead to the expected reforms in the sector; · Use innovative concepts, tools, and techniques and insufficient setting of Irrigation Service Fees (ISF) and for learning and knowledge sharing, and change low collection rates that affect the financial sustainability management. of the sector. WPP funding will be used to address these issues as follows: 47 I.VIII Water Anchor/Global Projects water Thematic Groups, external and internal newsletters, Window (WA/GP) and learning events. The KM Team will seek to reach larger audiences with these activities, and to improve efficiency The WA/GP work plan focuses on eight components that are in their delivery. linked to the key water challenges identified by the Regions: 1. Water Supply - To address the main challenges I.IX Expert Support Teams (ESTs) Window related to water supply, the Anchor will concentrate on activities that strengthen institutions, increase The ESTs provide direct support to the Regions. A summary efficiency and improve M&E. Four main lines are of the strategic work plans formulated by the three ESTs is proposed: PERs; M&E; promoting utility efficiency; provided below. and improving rural water supply. 2. Sanitation - The Anchor aims to maximize the The Groundwater Management Advisory Team (GW-MATE) developmental and environmental benefits from sewerage and wastewater treatment investments, The principal objectives of the GW-MATE are to: particularly for nationally funded programs. 3. AWM - The Anchor will seek WPP support for the two · Advise, support and consolidate the groundwater ongoing analytical efforts that focus on innovative areas components of Bank country-level projects, especially in AWM, rain-fed agriculture, and urban agriculture. those which focus on strengthening capacity in Both areas will become increasingly important in light groundwater resources management and protection; and of the impacts of climate change and rising food prices. to provide similar support to projects of the Global Water 4. Hydropower - In line with the Hydropower Business Partnership (GWP), as well as to other multilateral and Plan, this component will focus on facilitating bilateral donors when requested; implementation of multipurpose water infrastructure · Provide leadership on groundwater resources across the Regions. WPP support will be sought management and protection as required and directed mostly for activities aiming to strengthen the by Bank staff in the project identification process at foundations of the sector for increased Bank and non- country level, including the definition of key government Bank investments. functions and policy options; 5. Environmental services - The work will focus on · Harvest and evaluate global experience in groundwater groundwater governance issues and policies, and on management and protection, taking into account the experience and lessons learned by GW-MATE. hydrogeological and socio-economic diversity, and It will contribute to the groundwater governance disseminate best-practice elements both within the cooperative program financed by GEF under the overall Bank and internationally; leadership of the United Nations Food and Agriculture · Offer short courses in key aspects of groundwater Organization (FAO). management and protection (theory and practice), for 6. WRM - The main lines of action in this component are implementation by WBI at international, regional, and related to the Mid-cycle Water Strategy Implementation national levels. Progress Report of the 2003 Water Strategy, and to other strategic issues such as urban water management. GW-MATE aims to use the WPP funds to: 7. Climate Change - For the WPP allocation, the team plans to continue the ongoing Economic and Sector 1. Ensure that best practices on groundwater Work (ESW) on Water and Climate Change. management are effectively incorporated into relevant 8. Knowledge Management (KM) - KM will maintain the Bank analytical and operational activities; components developed over the past year, namely various 2. Create awareness on the importance of groundwater lines of publications, external and internal Web sites, the management both within and outside the Bank. 48 The Sanitation, Hygiene and Wastewater disseminate practical lessons from SWAT's and the Bank's Support Service (SWAT) field experience in sanitation over the years will be renewed. SWAT offers Bank staff and clients a range of support The Hydrology Expert Facility (HEF) to improve, identify, or implement sanitation and hygiene activities within Bank operations. SWAT's objectives are: The main objective of HEF is to improve analytical and operational assistance to Bank clients by improving 1. To increase the portfolio of Bank investment and activity the planning, design, and implementation of water in sanitation and hygiene; resources projects at the regional, national, and local 2. To improve the quality of the Bank's investments in levels. It involves the participation of selected world class sanitation and hygiene; and hydrologists in Bank projects. 3. To build the long-term capacity of the Bank and its clients in sanitation and hygiene. Through WPP funding, HEF aims to increase the understanding of complex hydrologic scenarios, especially in The main line of support is expert just-in-time consultancy specific situations that require the translation of hydrological field support to increase the amount and/or improve the advances into practical, problem-solving tools for application quality of operations in sanitation. It is anticipated that to specific water resources problems. HEF will also serve funding from the WPP will enable approximately 20 such as an advisory team and will assist in coping with the most support activities over the WPP period. This service fills the pressing emerging water challenges facing client countries gaps in expertise that often hinder sanitation and hygiene where the Bank is involved. HEF is expected to provide high- investments relative to the more conventional water supply level expert technical support to Bank project teams and visit driven projects. SWAT also synthesizes its experience from client countries on a demand-driven basis. Other activities a number of different projects and shares this knowledge include: project-focused hydrology and water management through the Sanitation Hygiene and Wastewater Resource services to the Regions; organization of technical events; and Guide and the development of short briefs summarizing preparation of technical notes and reports for publication. SWAT consultancy experience. Efforts to learn and 49 50 ANNEX PP a P and List of WPP and II. s EST Activities WPP Activities (all amounts in USD) GFR # Name of activity Country/Region Approved amount Africa Region 2829 Impact Analysis of WSS Policy and Investments in Uganda Uganda 108,000 3001 Preparation of a Case Study for Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Tanzania 135,000 3017 PERs in WSS in West and Central Africa Regional 540,000 3121 Technical Support to Improve M&E of the SWAp Programs: Tanzania 50,000 3144 Documenting Senegal's and Burkina Faso's Sanitation Successful Experiences Senegal and 209,700 Burkina Faso 3355 Small Town Water and Sanitation Systems in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 50,000 3546 Supply Chain Analysis in Ethiopia Ethiopia 45,000 3692 Support to the Agriculture Water Partnership Program: Promotion and Investment Regional 230,000 Support East Asia and Pacific Region 3481 China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy China 117,000 3482 Revision of National Guidelines on Dam (Reservoir) Safety Management China 117,000 3491 Application of Consumption (ET)-based Water Rights System in Turfan River China 72,000 Basin in China 3492 Study on Water Pricing for WUA Sustainability in China China 72,000 3494 Training Program on EIA of Cascade Dam China 32,000 3504 Review and Upgrade of National Design Codes in relation to Urban Water Supply China 117,000 and Drainage 3513 Protection of Groundwater in Southern Mongolia Mongolia 63,000 3567 Investment Planning and Preparation for Vietnam: Mekong Delta Integrated Rural Vietnam 180,000 Development Project Europe and Central Asia Region 3704 Sava River Basin Climate Change Adaptation Regional 100,000 Latin America and the Caribbean Region 2866 Water Partnership Program (Wikipedia) Regional 50,000 2985 Piloting Integrated Urban WRM in Key Latin American Urban Areas Regional 225,000 3464 Strategic Regional Basin Planning for the Rio Bogotá Project Colombia 35,000 3525 Strengthening Municipal Regulation of Sanitation Services in Sao Luis Brazil 13,000 3742 Supporting Integrated, Participatory, Basin-scale WRM in Peru Peru 90,000 3864 Brazil Irrigation Brazil 117,500 51 GFR # Name of activity Country/Region Approved amount Middle East and North Africa Region 3193 Egypt Groundwater Management Egypt 125,000 3582 Survey and Assessment of Private Water Providers in Sanaa, Yemen Yemen 50,000 3797 WRM Governance in Yemen Yemen 60,000 South Asia Region 2930 Bangladesh Water Sector Institutional Assessment Bangladesh 120,000 3026 Modernizing Hydrologic Applications in India India 100,000 3115 Quantifying the Economic Returns to Reliable Irrigation Infrastructure Investments India 67,000 in Rural India 3158 Sri Lanka--Technical Study on Water and Sanitation Services Delivery in the Sri Lanka 72,000 Plantation Estates 3258 Maharashta Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Reform Program India 75,000 3266 Improving Energy Efficiency in Urban Water Sector: a Scoping Study for India India 80,000 3356 Reform of Punjab Urban Water Sector Pakistan 63,000 3581 Strategy for Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 36,000 3711 Improving Urban Sanitation in India: Scoping Study India 45,000 3831 Water Sector Improvement in Maharashtra India 150,000 Water Anchor/Global Projects 3225 Water and CC : Transboundary Aspects Global 42,001 3440 Publications and Web sites Global 150,000 3454 PER Mozambique Mozambique 15,000 3462 Lessons Learned PERs in Water Global 40,000 3531 Rural Private Operators Global 40,200 3569 Local Financing of Utilities--Development of Framework of Options and Peru 8,400 Recommendations 3658 Climate Change Adaptation Strategies at Basin and Planning Levels Global 191,000 3811 Improving Wastewater Use in Urban Agriculture Global 45,000 3812 Improving Water Management in Rain-fed Agriculture Global 65,000 52 EST Activities (all amounts in USD) GW-MATE Name of activity Region Country Approved amt GW-MATE 01 SADC GW and Drought Management Program AFR SADC 50,635 GW-MATE 02 African Groundwater Policy Dialogue and Awareness Program AFR SADC 50,154 GW-MATE 03 Groundwater Management Strategy AFR Ethiopia 94,300 GW-MATE 04 GW Aspects of Uganda CWRAS, Uganda AFR Uganda 39,300 GW-MATE 05 Strengthening Groundwater Management in Southern Mongolia EAP Mongolia 70,000 GW-MATE 06 Improving Groundwater Management in Peru LCR Peru 44,900 GW-MATE 07 Post-GEF Project Review on Ways Forward LCR Argentina, Brazil, 30,000 Paraguay, Uruguay GW-MATE 08 Improving Groundwater Management in the States of Rio Grande LCR Brazil 54,850 do Norte and Ceará, Brazil GW-MATE 09 Urban Groundwater Use in Brazil: a Critical Review of Risks and LCR Brazil 17,900 Benefits as a Basis for Policy Definition GW-MATE 10 Review and Advice for Groundwater Management Studies, Sana'a MNA Yemen 43,800 Yemen GW-MATE 11 Conference on Integrated WRM and Sustainable Development, MNA Morocco 17,050 Morocco GW-MATE 12 Support for Strategic Groundwater Management for Dhaka SAR Bangladesh 79,050 Watershed within Overall National Framework GW-MATE 13 Enhancing Dissemination and Impact of India Groundwater AAA SAR India 50,600 findings GW-MATE 14 Andra Pradesh Drought Adaptation Initiative SAR India 28,770 GW-MATE 15 GWMATE, Generic Knowledge Products, Strategy Papers and Global Global 140,000 Dissemination GW-MATE 16 GW-MATE Business Development, Outreach and Coordination Global Global 47,000 53 EST Activities (all amounts in USD) HEF Name of activity Region Country Approved amt HEF 01 Ethiopia Tana & Beles IWRM AFR Ethiopia 100,000 HEF 02 Rusumo Falls WRM AFR Tanzania, Rwanda, 13,800 Burundi HEF 03 Mali and Nigeria Watershed Management AFR Mali, Nigeria 42,000 HEF 04 Vietnam - Trung Son PMF Calculation EAP Vietnam 30,000 HEF 05 Jiangsu Wuxi Lake Tai Environment Project EAP China 21,000 HEF 06 Montenegro Lake Skadar Pipeline Assessment ECA Montenegro 20,000 HEF 07 Montenegro-Albania Lake Skadar-Shkoder ECA Montenegro, 50,000 Albania HEF 08 Albania Disaster Risk Hydrometeorolgy ECA Albania 50,000 HEF 09 Central Asia Water-energy Modeling and Analysis ECA Kazakhstan 25,000 HEF 10 Georgia Regional Wastewater Management Strategy for Selected ECA Georgia 42,000 Cities and Towns HEF 11 Moldova Disaster Risk Hydrometeorolgy ECA Moldova 26,000 HEF 12 Bolivia Lake Titicaca Outfall Design LCR Bolivia 78,000 HEF 13 Bolivia Climate Modeling and Adaptation LCR Bolivia 6,000 HEF 14 Rio Grande do Norte Integrated Water Resources Project LCR Brazil 16,000 HEF 15 Morocco Global Climate Change and Hydrology Modeling MNA Morocco 3,000 HEF 16 India - India Hydrology 2 Project SAR India 28,000 HEF 17 South Asia Water Initiative SAR Regional 12,000 HEF 18 India Ganges River Basin Authority Project SAR India 38,000 HEF 19 HEF Seminars Global Global 1,600. HEF 20 HEF Publications Global Global 20,000 HEF 21 HEF Note: Watershed and Disaster Management Global Global 45,000 HEF 22 HEF Note: Managing Downstream Impacts and Externalities Global Global 45,000 SWAT Name of activity Region Country Approved amt SWAT 01 Cameroun SWAT III Urban Sanitation Support AFR Cameroun 75,000 SWAT 02 Georgia--Rural Sanitation Consultancy ECA Georgia 44,452 SWAT 03 Haiti SWAT III Rural Sanitation Support LCR Haiti 41,000 SWAT 04 Ecuador Rural Sanitation Evaluation LCR Ecuador 47,000 SWAT 05 Morocco Waste Stabilization Pond Review MNA Morocco 35,000 SWAT 06 India Ganga Upstream Sewer Review SAR India 45,000 54 ANNEX n-Water Bank Bank List of Non-Water Bank III. uenc d by the WP h WPP Projects Influenced by th WPP Project name Region Country Primary sectora Bank Total Project lending / project Status grants costs ($ M) ($ M) Third National FADAMA Development AFR Nigeria Crops 250.00 425.00 Active Project (FADAMA III) Nigeria Scaling Up Sustainable Land AFR Nigeria Crops 6.80 6.80 Pipeline Management Practice, Knowledge, and Coordination Tana & Beles Integrated Water AFR Ethiopia General agriculture, fishing 45.00 70.00 Active Resources Development and forestry sector Andhra Pradesh Pilot Drought SAR India General agriculture, fishing 0.00 0.00 Active Adaptation Initiative and forestry sector AP Rural Poverty Reduction Additional SAR India General agriculture, fishing 65.00 1,701.00 Active Financing and forestry sector Scaling Up Investments in Water Global World General agriculture, fishing 0.00 0.00 Active Management in Rainfed Agriculture and forestry sector Water-Related Adaptation to Climate LCR Bolivia General agriculture, fishing 0.00 0.00 Active Change and Variability and forestry sector Support Plan Maroc Vert DPL MNA Morocco General agriculture, fishing 100.00 100.00 Pipeline and forestry sector South Gobi Infrastructure & EAP Mongolia General energy sector 0.00 0.00 Active Environment AAA MN-Mining Infrastructure EAP Mongolia General transportation sector 11.00 10.75 Pipeline Development Lake Titicaca Local Sustainable LCR Bolivia Other industry (secondary: 20.00 23.01 Active Development sewerage) Jiangxi Shihutang Navigation and EAP China Ports, waterways and shipping 100.00 319.00 Active Hydropower Complex Project VN-Trung Son Hydropower Project EAP Vietnam Power 330.00 375.00 Pipeline Energy & Water Dev. Framework ECA Regional Power 0.00 0.00 Active NELSAP: Regional Rusumo Falls AFR Regional Renewable energy 100.00 190.00 Pipeline Hydroelectric and Multipurpose Project a) For Bank projects, up to five sectors can be specified in the project database. In cases where the primary sector as indicated in the project database does not clearly specify a sector, the secondary sector is indicated as well. 55 56 ANNEX Bank Pro ct Projects List of all Bank P ojects IV. the WPP Influenced by the WPP WPP Project name Region Country Primary sectorb Bank Total Project lending / project Status grants costs ($ M) ($ M) Irrigation and Drainage Project AFR Ethiopia Irrigation and drainage 100.00 115.00 Active Third National FADAMA Development Project AFR Nigeria Crops 250.00 425.00 Active (FADAMA III) Nigeria Scaling Up Sustainable Land AFR Nigeria Crops 6.80 6.80 Pipeline Management Practice, Knowledge, and Coordination Dar es Salaam Water Supply and Sanitation AFR Tanzania Water supply 61.50 164.60 Active Project Ethiopia Water Supply and Sanitation Project AFR Ethiopia Water supply 100.00 120.00 Active Water Sector Support Project AFR Tanzania Water supply 200.00 951.00 Active Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project AFR Ethiopia Water supply 100.00 119.00 Active Small Town Water and Sanitation Systems AFR Zimbabwe Water supply 0.00 0.00 Active Documenting Sanitation Successful AFR Regional General water, sanitation 0.00 0.00 Active Experiences in Burkina Faso and Senegal and flood protection sector Groundwater and Drought Management in AFR Regional Central government 7.00 13.32 Active SADC Project administration NELSAP: Regional Rusumo Falls AFR Regional Renewable energy 100.00 190.00 Pipeline Hydroelectric and Multipurpose Project Jiangxi Shihutang Navigation and EAP China Ports, waterways and 100.00 319.00 Active Hydropower Complex Project shipping South Gobi Infrastructure & Environment AAA EAP Mongolia General energy sector 0.00 0.00 Active Jiangsu Wuxi Lake Tai Environment Project EAP China General water, sanitation 150.00 306.00 Pipeline and flood protection sector MN-Mining Infrastructure Development EAP Mongolia General transportation 10.75 10.75 Pipeline sector Revision of National Guidelines on Dam EAP China Flood protection 0.00 0.00 Active (Reservoir) Safety Management and Risk Informed Dam Safety Management Study on Consumption-based Water Rights EAP China General water, sanitation 0.00 0.00 Active Administration System in Turfan Basin of China and flood protection sector Study on Water Pricing for WUA Sustainable EAP China Irrigation and drainage 0.00 0.00 Active in China China Country Water Resources Partnership EAP China General water, sanitation 0.00 0.00 Active Strategy and flood protection sector Review/Update National Design Codes WSD EAP China General water, sanitation 0.00 0.00 Active and flood protection sector VN-Trung Son Hydropower Project EAP Vietnam Power 330.00 375.00 Pipeline VN - Mekong Delta Integrated Rural Dev EAP Vietnam General water, sanitation 150.00 400.00 Pipeline and flood protection sector 57 Project name Region Country Primary sectorb Bank Total Project lending / project Status grants costs ($ M) ($ M) Sustainable Tourism Development Additional ECA Montenegro Water supply 5.00 43.00 Pipeline Financing Regional & Municipal Infrastructure ECA Georgia Water supply 40.00 65.40 Active Development Project Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation ECA Albania Flood protection 9.16 10.17 Active Project Nature Protection Investment Project ECA Croatia General agriculture, 30.00 60.00 Pipeline fishing and forestry sector (secondary sector) SEE Water and Climate Adaptation ECA Regional General agriculture, fishing 0.00 0.00 Active and forestry sector (secondary sector) Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Project ECA Moldova Central government 10.00 10.00 Pipeline administration Energy & Water Dev. Framework ECA Regional Power 0.00 0.00 Active Alto Solimoes Basic Services and LCR Brazil General water, sanitation 24.25 35.00 Active Sustainable Development Project in Support and flood protection sector of the Zona Franca Verde Program (secondary sector) Ceara Integrated Water Resources LCR Brazil Water supply 136.00 247.20 Active Management Project Environmental Protection and Sustainable LCR Regional Central government 13.40 26.76 Closed Development of the Guarani Aquifer System administration (secondary: Project renewable energy) Rio Grande do Norte Integrated Water LCR Brazil Water supply 35.90 59.80 Active Resources Management Water Resources Management Modernization LCR Peru Public administration- 10.00 23.67 Active Water, sanitation and flood protection BR (FBS)Concession Pub.Irrig. Perimeters - LCR Brazil Irrigation and drainage 0.00 0.00 Active Baxio do Irece II BR Federal Integrated Water - Interaguas LCR Brazil Public administration- 97.58 130.10 Pipeline Water, sanitation and flood protection Water-Related Adaptation to Climate Change LCR Bolivia General agriculture, fishing 0.00 0.00 Active and Variability and forestry sector Water Supply and Sanitation in Low-Income LCR Panama Water supply 32.00 39.40 Active Communities Haiti Rural Water and Sanitation Project LCR Haiti Water supply 5.00 5.25 Active BR Municipal APL: Sao Luis Enhancing LCR Brazil Flood protection 35.64 59.40 Active Municipal Governance and Quality of Life Project Lake Titicaca Local Sustainable Development LCR Bolivia Other industry (secondary: 20.00 23.01 Active sewerage) Nicaragua Rural Water Supply and Sanitation LCR Nicaragua Water supply 20.00 23.10 Active Project (PRASNICA) Pernambuco Sustainable Water LCR Brazil Water supply 190.00 410.00 Active Rio Bogota Environmental Recuperation and LCR Colombia Sewerage 250.00 487.00 Pipeline Flood Control Project Rural Water and Sanitation LCR Haiti Water supply 5.00 5.00 Active Project - SPF 58 Project name Region Country Primary sectorb Bank Total Project lending / project Status grants costs ($ M) ($ M) Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project MNA Rep. of Sanitation 130.00 150.00 Active Yemen Sana'a Basin Water Management Project MNA Rep. of Irrigation and drainage 24.00 30.00 Active Yemen EGYPT-Integrated Irrigation Improvement MNA Arab Rep. Irrigation and drainage 120.00 303.00 Active and Management Project of Egypt Ma-Oum Er Rbia Irrigated Agriculture MNA Morocco Irrigation and drainage 70.00 110.00 Pipeline Modernization Project Morocco Oum Er Rbia Sanitation MNA Morocco Sanitation 40.00 80.00 Pipeline Support Plan Maroc Vert DPL MNA Morocco General agriculture, fishing 100.00 100.00 Pipeline and forestry sector Uttar Pradesh Water Sector Restructuring SAR India Irrigation and drainage 149.20 173.70 Active Project Hydrology Project Phase II SAR India Irrigation and drainage 104.98 135.05 Active Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement SAR India Irrigation and drainage 325.00 393.77 Active Project AP Rural Poverty Reduction Additional SAR India General agriculture, fishing 65.00 1,701.00 Active Financing and forestry sector West Bengal Accelerated Development of SAR India Irrigation and drainage 250.00 300.00 Pipeline Minor Irrigation Dhaka Environment and Water Program SAR Bangladesh General water, sanitation 70.00 75.00 Pipeline (DEW) and flood protection sector Andhra Pradesh Pilot Drought Adaptation SAR India General agriculture, fishing 0.00 0.00 Active Initiative and forestry sector National Ganga River Basin Project SAR India Public administration- 1,000.00 1,000.00 Pipeline Water, sanitation and flood protection Maharashtra Rural Water Supply and SAR India Sub-national government 181.00 268.60 Closed Sanitation "Jalswarajya" Project administration (secondary: water supply) Karnataka Municipal Water Energy Efficiency SAR India Water supply 1.32 1.32 Active Project Andhra Pradesh Rural Water Supply and SAR India Water supply 150.00 180.00 Active Sanitation Punjab Province - Gujarnwala WASA SAR Pakistan Water supply 0.00 0.00 Active Corporatization Study Urban Water Reform Strategy SAR India Water supply 0.00 0.00 Active Regional Cooperation Dialogue on Rivers of SAR Regional General water, sanitation 0.00 0.00 Active Greater Himalayas and flood protection sector Scaling Up Investments in Water Global World General agriculture, fishing 0.00 0.00 Active Management in Rainfed Agriculture and forestry sector Improving Water Management in Peri-Urban Global World General water, sanitation 0.00 0.00 Active Agriculture and flood protection sector (secondary sector) b) For Bank projects, up to five sectors can be specified in the project database. In cases where the primary sector as indicated in the project database does not clearly specify a sector related to water, the secondary sector is indicated. 59 60 60 62