93058 The World Bank Australian Aid Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program E A S T A S I A A ND P A C I F I C C LE A N S T O V E I N I T I A T I V E S ER I E S Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Beijing, China April 26–29, 2014 Copyright © 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA All rights reserved. First printing: November 2014 Manufactured in the United States of America. Cover photo credits: EAP CSI country programs The World Bank Australian Aid Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program E A S T A S I A A N D P A C I F I C C LE A N S T O V E I N I T I A T I V E S ER I E S Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Beijing, China April 26–29, 2014 November 2014 Copyright © 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA All rights reserved. First printing: November 2014 Manufactured in the United States of America. Cover photo credits: EAP CSI country programs The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this proceedings are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, its affiliated organizations, or to members of its board of executive directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Contents Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................v Overview.....................................................................................................................................vii EAP CSI Forum Context.......................................................................................................................................... vii Key Findings Summary........................................................................................................................................... viii Looking Ahead.......................................................................................................................................................... ix 1. Progress Updates from Country Programs............................................................................1 China.........................................................................................................................................................................1 Mongolia....................................................................................................................................................................2 Lao People’s Democratic Republic............................................................................................................................3 Indonesia...................................................................................................................................................................4 2. Scaling Up Access through National Programs: Plans, Progress, and Challenges............7 Indonesia ..................................................................................................................................................................7 Mongolia....................................................................................................................................................................9 China.........................................................................................................................................................................9 Lao PDR..................................................................................................................................................................10 Nepal....................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3. Results-Based Financing: Does It Work?..............................................................................13 RBF Overview.........................................................................................................................................................13 Pilot Program Implementation.................................................................................................................................14 4. Private-Sector Development: What Are the Business Models?..........................................17 Mobilizing Private-Sector Participation....................................................................................................................17 Need for Innovative Subsidy Schemes....................................................................................................................17 5. Stove Standards and Testing: How to Measure Performance............................................19 Mongolia..................................................................................................................................................................19 China.......................................................................................................................................................................20 Indonesia.................................................................................................................................................................21 Lao PDR..................................................................................................................................................................21 6. Next Steps...............................................................................................................................23 Toward National Program Scale-Up.........................................................................................................................23 Cross-Country Exchanges.......................................................................................................................................23 What Are the Next Steps?......................................................................................................................................23 iii iv Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Appendices A. Forum Feedback and Follow-Up Activities...........................................................................................................25 B. Launch of CSI e-Forum........................................................................................................................................27 C. Speaker Biographies...........................................................................................................................................29 D. Participants’ Contact Information........................................................................................................................35 E. EAP CSI Forum Agenda.......................................................................................................................................39 Figures 1.1 CSI Method for Scaling Up Clean Cookstoves in Lao PDR.................................................................................3 1.2 Organizational Structure of CSI Pilot Program in Indonesia................................................................................5 2.1 Timeline of National Improved Cookstove Programs in Indonesia......................................................................7 2.2 Expectation for the Indonesia CSI, Phase II.......................................................................................................8 2.3 Roadmap to Universal Access to Clean Cooking Solutions by 2030..................................................................8 2.4 Overall Transformation Strategy to Scale Up Clean Cooking and Heating in China..........................................10 2.5 Lao PDR Government/World Bank Partnership to Develop a Salable Health Product...................................... 11 3.1 Distinguishing RBF from Traditional Public Procurement.................................................................................13 3.2 RBF Framework with Three Building Blocks and Two Supporting Pillars..........................................................14 3.3 Disbursement Process for Indonesia RBF Pilot Program.................................................................................15 3.4 Possible Project Financing Structure for the Lao PDR Clean Stoves Health Product.......................................16 5.1 Developing National Cookstove Standards and Labeling in Lao PDR...............................................................21 5.2 Institutional Arrangements for Standards Development in Lao PDR................................................................22 B.1 Screenshot of CSI e-Forum Site Sections........................................................................................................28 Tables 1.1 Phase II Implementation Activities of Indonesia CSI..........................................................................................4 5.1 China’s Household Stove Standards.................................................................................................................20 Acknowledgments This publication documents the proceedings of the Sec- Vu (Vietnam). The team is grateful to Li Li and Li Lou from ond Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) Forum and South-South the China communications team, who prepared the web Knowledge Exchange Event of the World Bank’s East feature story for the event. The team is also appreciative Asia and Pacific (EAP) CSI Program, which was held of the overall guidance and support provided by World April 26–29, 2014, in Beijing, China. The event was jointly Bank management, particularly Charles Feinstein and organized by the World Bank, the China Alliance for Clean Julia Fraser. Stoves (CACS), and the Rural Energy and Environment Agency (REEA) of the Ministry of Agriculture, with fund- In China, the team expresses thanks to the CACS team ing support from the Australian government (AusAID) led by Guangqing Liu and the REEA team led by Jiucheng and the World Bank’s Asia Sustainable and Alternative Wang for jointly hosting the CSI Forum and organizing Energy Program (ASTAE). the associated South-South knowledge exchange activi- ties. The Forum also benefited greatly from the active At the World Bank, the event was organized by a team participation of all country and regional delegations, as led by Yabei Zhang and comprising Gailius Draugelis, Nat- well as the insights of sector experts and practitioners as suko Toba, Yun Wu, Kun Cao, Dan Xie, and Xuege Lu. The listed in appendix D. team gratefully acknowledges the significant contribu- tions of World Bank colleagues in engaging participants This proceedings was prepared by Yun Wu under the from client countries and providing logistics support. supervision of Yabei Zhang, with inputs from Natsuko At headquarters offices in Washington, DC, the team Toba, Gailius Draugelis, and Robert van der Plas. This acknowledges Koffi Ekouevi, Jan Kappen, Sandeep Kohli, publication was edited by Norma Adams and typeset Gunjan Gautam, and Fernanda Dassum. In field offices by Yuhong Mi. Special thanks go to Kun Cao and Tianxiu of East and Southeast Asia, the team extends thanks to Kang for coordinating the production of the publication. Kaysone Vongthavilay (Lao PDR), Zolzaya Tuguldur (Mon- Finally, the team wishes to acknowledge the generous golia), Sri Oktorini and Olivia Tanujaya (Indonesia), and funding support provided by the Australian government Franz Gerner, Ky Hong Tran, Thi Ba Chu, and Huong Thu through the AusAID grant and ASTAE. v Overview Today some 2.8 billion people—more than a third of the Republic, and Mongolia) and a regional forum to promote world’s population—continue to rely on open fires or collaboration, learning, and knowledge-sharing on access inefficient stoves to meet their daily household cook- to modern energy at the household level. The first CSI ing and heating needs. Globally, household air pollution forum was held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on March 18, (HAP) resulting from the use of solid fuels for cooking 2013, concurrently with the International Clean Cooking and heating contributes to 4 million premature deaths Forum (March 18–22, 2013).2 each year (Lim et al. 2010).1 Achieving universal access to modern energy services by 2030, including access to The objectives of the second EAP CSI Regional Forum clean cooking and heating solutions, is a key objective of are twofold. The first is to share the progress, findings, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All), the global initiative of and challenges of implementing the initiative’s second the United Nations. The World Bank is fully committed to phase. The second is to promote South-South collabo- meeting this objective, which is central to its mission of ration, learning, and knowledge-sharing, with a focus poverty reduction and improving people’s quality of life. on China’s experiences. The forum is being held in Bei- jing on April 28, 2014, as part of a four-day event (April 26–29, 2014). A two-day, pre-forum event held April EAP CSI Forum Context 26–27 focuses on participation in the 8th China Clean Stoves Expo in Langfang, Hebei province. Post-forum, Despite the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region’s impres- South-South knowledge-exchange activities, scheduled sive economic growth, every other household in the for April 29, feature a meeting with officials of China’s region still depends on solid fuels for cooking and/or Rural Energy and Environment Agency (REEA) on South- heating, which has significant health consequences. South collaboration, tour of the stove-testing center at According to the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study, China Agriculture University in Beijing, and field visits more than 1.4 million premature deaths each year are with local stove manufacturers in Gaobeidian, Hebei attributable to HAP . The EAP Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) province. The forum is co-organized by the China Alliance Forum is part of the World Bank’s EAP CSI regional pro- for Clean Stoves (CACS) and the REEA, Ministry of Agri- gram, which focuses on achieving access to modern culture, with funding support provided by the Australian cooking and heating solutions in the EAP region, particu- government’s DFAT, through the World Bank’s EAAIG, larly through the scaled-up access to advanced cooking and ASTAE. and heating stoves for poor, primarily rural households, who are likely to continue using solid fuels to meet their The EAP CSI Forum comprises delegations, sector cooking and heating needs beyond 2030. The EAP CSI is experts, donors, and regional and international partners. a multi-country, multi-phase program, launched in early In all, participants include more than 50 delegates rep- 2012 with funding support provided by the Department resenting East, South, and Southeast Asia (Cambodia, of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) of the Australian gov- China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Nepal, and Viet- ernment through the World Bank’s East Asia and Pacific nam), Central America (Guatemala and Honduras), and AusAID Infrastructure for Growth Trust Fund (EAAIG), Asia Sub-Saharan Africa,3 as well as international experts. The Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE), morning session includes progress updates on the four and Energy Sector Management Assistance Program CSI country programs, followed by a panel discussion (ESMAP). The initiative includes four country-specific on plans, progress, and challenges of national programs programs (China, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic in scaling up access to clean cooking and heating. The S. S. Lim et al., “A Comparative Risk Assessment of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 Risk Factors and Risk Factor Clusters 1 in 21 Regions, 1990–2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. ” The Lancet 380(9859): 2224–60, 2012. ASTAE (Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program), Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings. Phnom Penh, Cambodia, March 18, 2 2013. East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013). The World Bank’s Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) initiative. 3 vii viii Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings afternoon session comprises four panel discussions: les- Given market failures to deliver clean cooking and heating sons learned from pilot Results-Based Financing (RBF) solutions, especially to low-income households, subsidies programs, business models for private-sector develop- will be needed to achieve universal access to clean cooking ment, performance measurement of stoves standards and heating. Affordability remains a significant challenge. and testing, and identifying the next steps for scaling up While opinions vary on the role and sustainability of solutions in each participating CSI country. These presen- subsidies, they are accepted as a necessary “evil” to tations and panel discussions are summarized as chap- enhance market penetration, acceptance, and scale-up ters 1–6 in the main body of this publication. Appendix and achievement of production-and-distribution econo- A highlights feedback and follow-up from pre- and post- mies of scale. To succeed, however, subsidies must be forum activities, while appendix B describes the launch of well-targeted, have low potential for leakage, and be the CSI e-Forum. Also included are speaker biographies calibrated in order to avoid destruction of commercial (appendix C), participants’ contact information (appendix incentives and discipline. Thus, government policies are D), and the CSI Forum agenda (appendix E).4 needed to (i) establish and maintain adequate levels of subsidies and (ii) design and implement effective subsidy allocation mechanisms to mobilize and sustain private- Key Findings Summary sector participation in scaling up access to clean stoves. All forum participants endorsed the national-program approach Results-Based Financing is a promising approach for using pub- with high-level support as the way to scale up clean cooking lic resources to incentivize the market. RBF mechanisms link and heating. National programs may have specific pilots financial incentives to defined results and help to clarify that target stove-market segments or areas that can help the respective roles of government and the private sec- to adapt policies and practices to local conditions. Such tor in delivering them. The government plays a facilitat- programs not only need to involve stakeholders repre- ing role, providing policy support and financial incentives senting a broad spectrum of positions, roles, and levels to motivate market development, while the private sec- (local, provincial, national, and international) from the tor responds to the incentives and delivers the results.5 public and private sectors, as well as civil society. Suc- However, there are operational challenges of balancing cess also depends on high-level political, technical, and verification costs with level of precision; pre-financing financial support from national leaders and agencies—a small cash-poor enterprises in a low-margin business key ingredient that has sometimes been lacking in past environment; and existing government regulations on scale-up efforts. subsidies, procurement, and accounting, which are design issues for RBF applications. In countries with low- Public-private partnerships have emerged as a preferred emission stove-switching programs supported by signifi- implementation approach to developing sustainable clean cant subsidies—whether producer or results-based, as in stove markets. Government’s comparative advantage is to Mongolia—a comprehensive program is needed to adjust provide the enabling environment for markets to function market expectations of low prices for cleaner stoves, transparently and to supply stoves at specific standards which includes, but is not limited to, reducing subsidy that meet the public interest. Its role should include pro- levels. In countries with low private-sector capacity, tech- motion and public awareness-raising, standards-setting, nical assistance is needed to build such capacity. and monitoring and evaluation of progress. The private sector’s comparative advantage is to make a business Dissemination of clean stoves must be viewed as a social out of selling compliant stoves and meeting various con- marketing problem. Consumer preferences must be exten- sumer preferences at prices people are willing to pay. sively studied and evaluated. The challenge is no less than Its role should include stoves production, marketing, and behavioral change, and the determinants of behavior are dissemination. Where market failures exist, incentives not necessarily a desire for improved fuel efficiency or can be provided by the government, but these should be health outcomes. Rather, they rest on deeply ingrained understood as temporary. sociocultural factors involving convenience, comfort, sta- tus, and cooking style. This publication was edited by Norma Adams, Writer/Editorial Consultant for the World Bank. 4 ” EAP Details on the RBF approach are provided in Y. Zhang and O. Knight, “Results Based Financing: Framework for Promoting Clean Stoves. 5 Clean Stove Initiative Knowledge Exchange Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012). Overview ix Measurement of stoves performance is required to convince • The Indonesia delegation identified a stove at the 8th users to adopt and use the stoves and to motivate government China Clean Stoves Expo that is potentially applica- decision-making to support cookstove programs. Without ble in Indonesia and invited the stove manufacturer systematic measurement and reporting of stoves per- to submit it for that country’s RBF pilot program. formance, claims cannot be substantiated on health, The stove manufacturer submitted the application, environmental protection, climate change co-benefits, or sample stoves were delivered to the Indonesia stove- other public-goods objectives. testing center, and the stoves are ready for eligibility testing. Setting stove standards and testing protocols should be devel- oped within the local context where the stove is being used. • Following the post-forum activities, the Mongolia del- The examples of four country programs indicate that, egation invited Chinese enterprises to visit Mongo- without such contextual consideration, performance lia to learn about its stoves market. In response, the metrics might not be meaningful (chapter 5). Measure- CACS organized a visit by the Chinese delegation to ment of cookstove performance should include the Mongolia, partially supported by the CSI in Mongolia, reality of the multiple fuels and cooking devices used, for June 2014. cooking practices, and user behavior. Given the broad and diverse cooking practices and climate conditions • After meeting with Chinese government officials on that characterize the countries, along with the observed South-South collaboration opportunities, the Indone- disadvantages of the water-boiling test, it is suggested sia and Lao PDR delegations expressed great interest that ongoing ISO discussions need to be a participatory, in the stove collaboration programs funded by China’s transparent process. Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). Both countries have submitted applications for funding The CSI platform for South-South collaboration, knowledge support.7 If the applications are approved by MOST, exchange, and learning is much appreciated by all forum more collaborative activities will be organized, such participants and should be continued. China’s experience as exchanges on stove testing and standards and in developing and disseminating clean biomass and coal promotion of technology and business partnerships, cooking and heating chains is impressive overall and can as well as knowledge-sharing between government provide valuable lessons. Likewise, smaller markets like officials, research institutes, and nongovernmental those in Mongolia provide valuable lessons that could organizations (NGOs). be studied for scale-up in larger markets. Participation in pre- and post-form activities—attending the 8th China Clean Stoves Expo and interacting with stove enterprises Looking Ahead and a local manufacturer—generated more interest in South-South collaboration. Participants agreed that the The next phase of CSI implementation will prioritize the next step of this knowledge exchange should include scaling up of best practices, strengthening collaboration, creating opportunities for Chinese engineers to interact and promoting knowledge-sharing on clean cooking and with their counterparts in interested countries to design heating solutions. Lessons and insights gleaned from clean cookstoves that modify the combustion chamber, implementing country-level pilot programs will be used based on the technology developed for Chinese stoves, to scale up future programs. The CSI Forum and e-Forum while retaining the stoves’ traditional outer appearance. will serve as important platforms for facilitating both To extend the CSI platform for South-South collabora- regional and global communication among practitioners tion, the CSI e-Forum was launched following the forum and policy makers. Building on the accumulated experi- (appendix B).6 ence of forum conversations, it is expected that many more participants from the clean cooking/heating com- The EAP CSI Forum event has already generated immediate munity will benefit from the CSI effort. results and concrete follow-up activities. Several notable examples are highlighted, as follows: Details on the CSI e-Forum are available at https://collaboration.worldbank.org/groups/clean-cooking-and-heating-solutions. 6 Indonesia’s application included an official letter from the Directorate of Bioenergy, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR). 7 1 Progress Updates from Country Programs Moderator: Dejan Ostojic, The World Bank Presenters: Jiuchen Wang, Ministry of Agriculture, China Enkhbold, Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project, Mongolia Seumkham Thoummavongsa, Ministry of Energy and Mines, Lao People’s Democratic Republic Anna Rufaida, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia Since its launch in January 2012, the East Asia and All four activities are progressing smoothly. To improve Pacific (EAP) Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) has progressed stove standards, testing, and the verification system, smoothly, and significant progress has been made toward two workshops have been held for key stakeholders, scaling up access to clean cooking and heating solutions. and a paper has been drafted that reviews the current National consultation workshops have been conducted system, compares international practices, and proposes in China, Indonesia, and Lao PDR, and intervention strat- a roadmap for moving forward. In addition, an array of egies have been developed. The first EAP CSI Regional knowledge products have been generated, including Forum was held in March 2013 in Cambodia. By late 2013, a website, newsletter, and photobook. The China Alli- all four country programs had completed Phase I activi- ance for Clean Stoves (CACS) has conducted exchange ties and had started implementing Phase II. In Mongolia, events to facilitate knowledge-sharing and capacity the CSI is taking advantage of extensive World Bank–led building of institutions and other key market players. The consultative work and expanding the stove switch-out Results-Based Financing (RBF) pilot program has been intervention opportunities from Ulaanbaatar to the entire completed. A short note on lessons learned is being country. The CSI has achieved significant buy-in from prepared, which will provide valuable insights for fur- China and Indonesia counterparts, both of which have ther scale-up of clean stove dissemination. Approval of requested the World Bank’s support in designing and pre- a US$100 million IBRD loan to fund technical-assistance paring their national clean stove programs. Lao PDR has support for design of the Hebei Rural Renewable Energy also witnessed rapid progress, thanks to strong govern- Development Demonstration Project is expected soon. ment support and close collaboration with development There has also been keen discussion and communica- partners. The following sections provide updates of the tion with the Government of China on preparing a Global four country programs. Environment Facility (GEF) project (possibly with IBRD lending) to scale up access to clean cooking and heating in China using the RBF approach. China RBF Pilot Results Phase II of the China CSI focuses on four major areas of activity: (i) improving stove standards, testing, and veri- Two RBF pilots to promote clean stoves were conducted fication system; (ii) strengthening institutions and build- in villages of Hubei and Liaoning provinces. Except for ing capacity of key market players; (iii) supporting pilot the final program summary, all pilot work has been com- programs; and (iv) supporting preparation of China’s sec- pleted—from planning and selection of the villages and ond national clean stoves program and the Hebei Rural stoves to stove delivery, verification, and subsidy pay- Energy Project. ment. Outcomes have been evaluated for reduction of 1 2 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings household air pollution (HAP) and greenhouse gas (GHG) Progress and Challenges emissions. Based on households’ feedback, the pilot pro- The UBCAP stove program has set a target of 45,000 gram has achieved positive results, including improved low-emission stoves. From October 7 , 2013, when the indoor air quality, better stove quality and after-sales program formally started, through January 22, 2014, services, and reduced energy use and emissions. That more than 29,710 orders were taken; of these, 25,193 said, some issues remain, including households’ finan- households have made payment, and 21,206 clean stove cial constraints in covering the high upfront cost, lack of installations have been made. Among the existing chal- awareness of the benefits of clean stoves, limited selec- lenges are continued high consumer subsidy levels; leak- tion of stove models, and additional administrative costs age; unconstrained production and sale of inefficient, (chapter 3). polluting stoves; and difficulties related to updating household eligibility lists due to household migration and Exploring Scale-Up Resources movement within the city. Building on the momentum from village pilot results In addition, the Stove Emissions and Efficiency Testing and stakeholder engagement, the China CSI has begun (SEET) laboratory based at the Mongolian University exploring the scale-up of the current program, including of Science and Technology (MUST), which has been potential resources for implementing the provincial-level strengthened under the project, has conducted hun- project (e.g., GEF funding) and national-level program dreds of tests, gradually gaining the confidence of sup- (e.g., using government budget with World Bank lend- pliers and the government. The criteria for clean stoves ing). These initial ideas have been discussed with the eligible for RBF financing (consumer subsidies) were government and are now being further developed by a set by the Municipality of Ulaanbaatar based on inputs World Bank team in close consultation and collaboration from experts and on local context. Under the UBCAP , with the government. selection criteria were published, which generated sig- nificant interest from private-sector stove developers. In the UBCAP’s first year, some 12 stoves were tested, out Mongolia of which 4 were ultimately found eligible. In 2014, the number of eligible stoves doubled. A workshop under The Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project (UBCAP) and Mongo- preparation at the stove development center based at lia CSI are helping Mongolia’s transition to a sustainable MUST is expected to start operation soon and will pro- market for cleaner heating and cooking stoves in the vide stove producers additionally needed technical sup- poor, peri-urban areas surrounding the capital city and port. The project’s awareness-building campaign has potentially nationwide. Mongolia presents an alterna- been progressing well, with key messages delivered to tive approach to traditional cookstove programs. Under households through various media. past programs in the last 2.5 years, low-emission stoves achieved a high penetration rate. Over that period, nearly 160,000 low-emission stoves (within 220,000 households) Transitioning to a National Clean Stove Market were purchased by peri-urban households from donor and The project has reached out to high-level government offi- government efforts. The low-emission technologies were cials and has received support for implementation. The imported, owing to a lack of locally available models, and National Committee for Air Pollution Reduction (NCAPR), were heavily subsidized. The challenge for Ulaanbaatar is overseen by Mongolia’s Prime Minister, has been quite to adjust market expectations of low-priced, low-emission keen on implementing the UBCAP and requested the stoves to a level where minimal or no direct consumer World Bank to develop a national strategy. The Mongo- subsidies are needed. The UBCAP and CSI are support- lia CSI team,8 in consultation with all key stakeholders, ing this transition by financing continued reforms of the prepared a draft National Low-Emission Stove Strategy RBF model, adjusting regulations and other incentives, of Mongolia, which was presented to the Prime Minister creating capacity for laboratory testing and stove devel- and Minister of Environment and Green Development. opment, and coordinating market and public relations in The strategy, which proposes a plan for the country to a comprehensive transition program. The UBCAP is also transition to a sustainable clean stove market, is now financing feasibility studies for district-heating efficiency under discussion within the NCAPR. Publication of the and power-plant emission controls to develop bankable strategy is expected once it is finalized, including mea- measures for air-pollution abatement. sures to consider for nationwide scale-up. The Mongolia CSI team also supervises the UBCAP 8 . Progress Updates from Country Programs 3 Lao People’s Democratic Republic cookstoves, especially firewood clay cookstoves, in rural and/or urban and peri-urban areas in the northern prov- Phase II of the Lao PDR CSI is being implemented inces, where firewood still predominates as the main in close coordination and collaboration with current cooking fuel used by the vast majority of households. and emerging activities. These include (i) the current improved cookstove (ICS) program—led by the Nether- A comprehensive household survey has been conducted lands Development Organization (SNV), Oxfam and other to serve as a baseline for better understanding the coun- NGOs, and the Government of Lao PDR—which aims to try’s stove and fuel markets, production and distribution deliver 100,000 stoves within four years; (ii) the Global networks, stove users’ characteristics and preferences, Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (GACC) contract with the and opportunities and challenges faced by local producers Renewable Energy, Environment, and Solidarity Group of improved cookstoves. Ongoing activities to promote (GERES) for establishing regional testing centers; and (iii) clean stoves in the northern provinces and clean stove the Asian Development Bank (ADB)–supported technical standards are progressing well. A pilot intervention was assistance, led by the SNV, for gender mainstreaming of designed in May 2013. The CSI program is being imple- improved cookstoves. mented in partnership with the Institute of Renewable Energy Promotion (IREP), World Bank, GERES, and Lao Institute for Renewable Energy (LIRE) at local and national Filling the Gaps: Ongoing Activities levels (figure 1.1). The Lao government–led ICS promo- Key activities under Phase II build on existing ones and tion activities include the building of provinces as stra- include the following: (i) an in-depth assessment of cook- tegic units, districts as comprehensively strengthened stove utilization, focused on clean stove performance, units, and villages as development units. The IREP has quality, and user acceptance; (ii) technical and policy conducted multiple training sessions on ICS promotion in backstopping support to the Inter-Ministerial CSI Task northern provinces. Institutional arrangements have been Force, particularly the Committee on Clean Cookstoves proposed for moving toward a national framework for Standards in Lao PDR; and (iii) introducing new clean clean cookstove standards and labeling (chapter 5). Figure 1.1 CSI Method for Scaling Up Clean Cookstoves in Lao PDR Local pilot level National level Baseline Standards and labeling framework Assessing existing production R&D (design and performance) Users’ preferences Standards and Quality control and sales monitoring Pilot production, distribution, and testing protocols promotion •Generic •Specific indicators and tools Pilot quality Intervention activity/output production under responsibility of contractor Contractor’s contribution/ support Supply chain End-users Outcome to derive from development contractor’s assignment/ not part of the current assignment Evaluation methodology and impact assessment Action plan and business plan for upscaling Source: Lao PDR delegation. 4 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Pioneering a Market for Health Benefits Two grants—one arranged between the World Bank and Government of Indonesia and the other between the If deemed feasible, the Lao PDR government may World Bank and PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk (BRI)—are request including the innovative RBF pilot approach in to support Phase II CSI implementation through Decem- its World Bank–supported Model Healthy Villages (MHV) ber 2015. The grant to the Indonesian government will program under the new Maternal and Child Health and be utilized by the Directorate of Bioenergy to (i) estab- Nutrition Improvement Project. Further information on lish a system for defining clean stoves as the founda- the national program and RBF approach are found in tion for market development and (ii) design and prepare chapters 2 and 3, respectively. a national clean biomass cookstoves program. The grant to BRI will provide incentives to partially finance the pur- chase of clean biomass cookstoves by consumers and Indonesia end-users in the pilot-program areas of Central Java and Yogyakarta. Phase II of the Indonesia CSI includes four main activities: (i) improving stove-testing performance standards and Under the pilot-program component, incentives will be developing a national stove-testing laboratory and certifi- channeled through market aggregators—legal entities cation system, (ii) cultivating pilot programs by providing that apply for the pilot-program incentives—who can market players incentives through the RBF framework, sell eligible clean biomass cookstoves and demonstrate (iii) strengthening institutions and building stakeholder intended results, including actual stove usage and per- capacity, and (iv) preparing scale-up to the national-level formance. The disbursement of incentives will be based program. Activity implementation is supported through on verified results to eligible market aggregators and will the coordinated pooling of donor and organizational be expected to be passed on to final consumers through resources (table 1.1). A complementary grant (€250,000), the market-based, stove-pricing mechanism (figure 1.2). provided by the French Agency for Development (AFD) Details on how the incentives are defined, applied, pro- and implemented by GERES, supports technical assis- cessed, and disbursed are included in the RBF program’s tance for the pilot program. operations manual. Table 1.1 Phase II Implementation Activities of Indonesia CSI Objective Government-implemented activities World Bank/partners–supported activities Establish stove standards, testing, • Establish national stove standards • Provide international experience and technical and certification system. and testing protocols and stove- advice on setting up stove standards, testing, testing and certification laboratory. and certification system. • Designate stove-testing center for • Support establishment and operation of the the pilot program. stove-testing center for the pilot program. Design and implement pilot • Implement pilot RBF incentives • Support pilot-program design. program. program. • Support monitoring and verification (M&V) of the • Oversee pilot-program pilot program. implementation. • Provide technical assistance to support key market players to implement the pilot program. Strengthen institutions and build • Oversee overall CSI program man- • Support establishment of the Indonesia Alliance stakeholder capacity. agement and consultation with key for Clean Stoves and conduct knowledge dis- stakeholders. semination, public awareness-raising campaign, and training activities for key stakeholders. • Organize regional and international learning activities. Move toward scaling up to the • Design and prepare the National • Provide international experiences and technical national-level program. Clean Biomass Cookstoves review. program. Source: Indonesia delegation presentation. Progress Updates from Country Programs 5 Figure 1.2 Organizational Structure of CSI Pilot Program in Indonesia World Bank CSI Directorate of Bioenergy CSI Technical Team Committee Program Indonesia Stove Management Alliance/ Office (PMO) Market Facilitator Pilot Program RBF Incentives Fund Monitoring and Verification (M&V) Stove Testing Center Administrator (BRI) Team Market Aggregators End-Users Source: Forum presenters. Responses to the first open call for stove technologies in will soon follow. The government will then use the pilot- February 2014 included some 15 companies with 20 stove program results to scale up to the national program. Fur- technologies. Once the stove-testing results are made ther details on the national program and stove standards public, launching of an open call for market aggregators are discussed in chapters 2 and 5, respectively. 2 Scaling Up Access through National Programs: Plans, Progress, and Challenges Moderator: Charles Feinstein, The World Bank Group Panelists: Anna Rufaida, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia Erdenetsogt, National Committee for Air Pollution Reduction, Mongolia Fang Fang, Ministry of Agriculture, China Boualy Vongvisith, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lao People’s Democratic Republic Shekhar Sharma, Alternate Energy Promotion Center, Nepal It is generally recognized that programs to scale up access Indonesia to clean cooking and heating require stakeholder involve- ment across a broad spectrum of positions, roles, and Improved stove programs in Indonesia started in the late levels (i.e., local, provincial, national, and international) 1980s in collaboration with research institutes, universi- from both the public and private sectors and civil society. ties, and local organizations. In 1990, the TSHE program Another key ingredient for success is high-level political, (Tungku Sehat dan Hemat Energi) was implemented in technical, and financial support from national leaders and collaboration with Yayasan Dian Desa (YDD). Funding agencies. All participants in this panel discussion agreed from the national budget and by international donors was that there is no substitute for high-level national support provided through the Asia Regional Cookstove Program and endorsed this approach as the most effective way to (ARECOP) (figure 2.1). scale up clean cooking and heating. The following sec- tions describe key lessons from past programs in the Early efforts were sporadic and lacked national targets. four EAP CSI countries, as well as Nepal, and summarize More recently, some research institutions have devel- these countries’ current planning of national programs, oped various designs for improved cookstoves, but such highlighting their progress and challenges. stoves have yet to penetrate the market. Contemporary Figure 2.1 Timeline of National Improved Cookstove Programs in Indonesia 2012–13 PHASE OF INFORMATION DISSEMINATION CSI Phase I late 1980s 1990 1996 2008 2010 2012 Cookstove activities by YDD • GOI-funded cookstove implementa- (funded by ARECOP), the GOI tion to support the Iconic Island participated in capacity building Program in NTT and information dissemination • GOI and World Bank collaboration under CSI Phase I and Phase II Health and Efficient Cookstove Program activities (funded by the national budget and in • Preparation of draft national collaboration with YDD): standards for clean stoves in 2012 • Developing a health and efficient stove model GOI re-initiative to develop the national program on • Capacity building improved cookstoves. Two studies were conducted: • Implementing pilot project • Implementation of Cookstove Potential • Networking development • Benchmarking Biomass Cookstoves Source: Adapted from ASTAE (Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program), Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings. Phnom Penh, Cambo- dia, March 18, 2013. East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013). 7 8 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Figure 2.2 Expectation for the Indonesia CSI, Phase II Removing institutional barriers by Removing technical barriers by conducting strengthening current networking and benchmarking, developing various capacity building for local organizations cookstove models based on local conditions, (both government and non-government and developing quality assurance institutions) (standards and testing) Removing financial barriers by actively Removing awareness barriers by seeking funding from both internal conducting capacity building, information sources and international donors. dissemination activities, and campaign Achieving a The GOI will continuously support on the importance of clean stoves Specific National cookstove program activities. Target with Targeted Areas* Improved cookstove market Source: Adapted from ASTAE (Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program), Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings. Phnom Penh, Cambodia, March 18, 2013. East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013). * It is expected that a specific target will be set after completion of the initial CSI stocktaking review. improved clean-stove programs in Indonesia adopt either The Government will then use the pilot results to scale a non-commercial or semi-commercial approach. The up the program across Indonesia through national pro- non-commercial approach is being applied in a govern- grams. It was estimated that delivering 10 million clean ment-sponsored program implemented in poorer areas biomass cookstoves by 2020 could result in a market of the country where households have little capacity to penetration of up to 40 percent. This suggested that, by pay for the stove units. The program covers West Java 2030, the Indonesia biomass cookstove market could be (1,000 units), Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) (1,000 units), transformed, achieving universal access to clean cooking Sumba (500 units), and Central Kalimantan (1,000 units). (figure 2.3). This achievement would significantly improve The semi-commercial approach is being applied by the health of rural people across Indonesia, particularly the Indonesia CSI, supported by the World Bank. This mothers and young children. approach focuses on supporting market development using the Results-Based Financing (RBF) mechanism. The pilot program will start in DI Yogyakarta and Central Figure 2.3 Roadmap to Universal Access to Clean Cooking Solutions by 2030 Java, with the expectation of expanding it to Sumba Island to support the Sumba Iconic 2nd National 100 Program Island Program, in collabora- National market penetration (%) Clean biomass stove tion with the Asian Develop- Program ment Bank (ADB). Stage III 40 In sum, Phase II of the Indo- Stage II nesia CSI aims to achieve a Stage I Pilot specific national target within Minimal penetration targeted geographical areas by developing a sustainable mar- 2010 2014 2020 2030 ket of improved cookstoves Year through removing institutional, Source: ASTAE (Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program), Indonesia: Toward Universal Access to technical, awareness, and Clean Cooking, East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013). financing barriers (figure 2.2). Scaling Up Access through National Programs: Plans, Progress, and Challenges 9 Mongolia short-term measure to abate air pollution, with the policy objective of transitioning to a sustainable, low-emission As a result of multiple donors’ efforts, a total of 135,193 stove market. The World Bank team was asked to lay out stoves had been purchased and 131,206 units installed the challenges and propose measures that could help to by January 2014—an impressive penetration rate by any achieve this objective. In response, the team prepared a measure internationally. Also, a 20–50 percent reduc- national low-emission stove strategy and held consulta- tion in measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has tions with key stakeholders, including government offi- been observed at various monitoring stations for some cials, stove suppliers, and donor representatives. The months. While these results are quite positive, the fol- strategy includes recommendations for coordinating lowing challenges put the program’s sustainability at risk: incentives, regulations, and standards to stimulate sus- tainable private-sector provision of low-emission stoves • Re-sale of subsidized stoves threatens to reduce or in Ulaanbaatar and possibly nationwide. It also includes reverse the air-quality benefits from the use of low- a rollout plan for a national program, taking the country’s emission stoves in Ulaanbaatar, and there are dif- challenges and opportunities into account. The National ficulties with identifying eligible households due to Committee for Air Pollution Reduction (NCAPR) is con- migration. sidering the proposed strategy for future programs, and details are under discussion. • Large-scale, local production of qualified stove mod- els that are affordable to households is lacking; with- out large subsidies, the list prices of imported models China are unaffordable. During the 1980s and 1990s, China’s National Improved • There are regulatory and policy inconsistencies (e.g., Stoves Program (NISP)—one of the world’s most suc- benefits to imported stoves but not parts). cessful stoves programs—distributed some 180 million improved stoves. When the NISP ended in the late 1990s, • Stove markets inside and outside Ulaanbaatar are the private sector assumed responsibility for stove com- linked; thus, if the subsidy were to end abruptly with- mercialization. As of 2010, it was producing about 2.3 mil- out a clear transition strategy, stove producers from lion clean heating coal stoves, 20 million honeycomb coal outside the capital city could bring back traditional cooking stoves, and 600,000 clean biomass stoves. Yet polluting models. stove development and production have not kept pace with the multidimensional challenge of promoting clean The Project Management Unit (PMU) indicates that the stoves. remaining unverified stoves have posed a great chal- lenge to the project. Verification is a two-stage process— The few provincial and local stoves programs imple- confirmation of installation at the household with GPS mented since completion of the NISP have confronted tracking and a second visit a few weeks later to check a number of issues. The main challenges are (i) low tech- in on the household. Given the rapid penetration rates, nology level of stoves; (ii) need to update obsolete stoves this task is quite arduous because each of the thousands promoted in the past; (iii) the large number of rural house- of households needs to be visited twice. Quality-assur- holds that still rely on traditional stoves; (iv) insufficient ance agents conducted verification for about half of the investment; and (v) lack of resources for stove mainte- sold stoves; of these, 36,611 were verified. The remain- nance, supply chain management, and quality assurance. der are still to be verified, and there is a lag. It could be that, when the verifiers visited, the house was vacant In consideration of past programs, the country’s current because household members were working, traveling, or situation, and future goal, the China CSI has proposed had moved or some of the stoves were resold. a new strategy, comprising three main components: (i) strengthening institutional capacity and creating an To address these issues, the Mongolia CSI team is work- enabling policy and regulatory environment for scaling ing with the Mongolian government to develop a national up access to advanced stoves, (ii) supporting supply-side strategy on transitioning to a sustainable, low-emission market and business development, and (iii) stimulat- stove market. In this way, the air-pollution benefits ing household demand for clean and efficient stoves. A from low-emission stoves can be increased and sus- national program that implements the proposed strategy tained in Ulaanbaatar and nationally. In a meeting with will help China to achieve the goal of universal access to the World Bank, the Prime Minister confirmed that low- modern-energy services by 2030, as set by the United emission stoves are the Mongolian government’s priority Nations (figure 2.4). 10 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Figure 2.4 Overall Transformation Strategy to Scale Up Clean Cooking and Heating in China How to scale up clean and efficient stoves • Establishing/strengthening institutional focal point, cross-sector coordination Strengthening institutions and mechanism, and platform for communication and cooperation. building a more enabling environment • Establishing/strengthening stoves standards, testing, and certification system. • Developing the M&E systems. • Providing financial incentives for delivering clean cooking/heating solutions Supporting market and business to households. development on the supply side • Supporting market research and R&D of better stoves and fuel-processing technologies. • Promoting broad-based awareness-raising campaign. Stimulating household demand for • Integrating public-health methods into the campaign. clean and efficient stoves • Engaging communities and civil society in better understanding, motivating consumers, and providing feedback to suppliers. Source: World Bank, China: Accelerating Household Access to Clean Cooking and Heating, East Asia and Pacific Clean Stove Initiative Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013). At the implementation level, the pilot-program experi- project, which is part of the World Bank’s assistance to ence and lessons learned will better inform the design Lao PDR for improving maternal and child health. If the and implementation of a national program. Potential results of Phase 1 activities (March 2014–March 2015) resources and projects are being discussed with the gov- are positive, Phase 2 activities can follow (April 2015– ernment, with the aim of pilot scale-up. One possibility December 2015). They will center on project design, as is to apply Global Environment Fund (GEF) resources to well as design of the monitoring and verification (M&V) scale up the RBF pilot in selected provinces, supported protocol and financing arrangements for public-private by ongoing capacity strengthening of institutions and funding of stoves via payment on delivery for Averted other key market players and building a more enabling Disability-Adjusted Life Years (ADALYs) (figure 2.5). environment. Building on previous village pilot projects, the RBF mechanism will be implemented in selected For the government to reach the decision to proceed provinces to promote clean stoves. With the momentum with Phase 2, two key outputs from Phase 1 activities gained during the provincial program, it is expected that a are required (figure 2.5). The first is attaining a satisfac- national program can be prepared concurrently. tory level of social acceptability of the clean cookstoves among poor rural households, as demonstrated by their use of the super clean cookstoves to meet most of their Lao PDR daily cooking needs and willingness to pay. The second is achieving cost-effectiveness in the health benefit (i.e., There is great opportunity to scale up a clean stove mar- reduced morbidity and mortality among Lao women and ket and roll out a national program. People’s awareness children) from predictable stove use, using the World of the health costs of inefficient biomass stoves is grow- Health Organization (WHO) metric (i.e., cost per ADALY ing, as is their understanding of the exposure-response is less than or about equal to per capita GDP). If the Min- relationship between major diseases and biomass smoke istry of Health and the World Bank agree that clean air inhalation. Also, the new super-clean woodstove technol- and clean coosktoves are a priority and can be incorpo- ogy is available and may be cost-effective in reducing the rated with the proposed IDA support for maternal and incidence of related diseases. child health care, they can then proceed with the clean air/clean stoves component of the FY16 Maternal and The CSI, together with the Lao PDR government, is taking Child Health and Nutrition Improvement Project. a phased approach to preparing a clean air/clean stoves Scaling Up Access through National Programs: Plans, Progress, and Challenges 11 Figure 2.5 Lao PDR Government/World Bank Partnership to Develop a Salable Health Product Phase 1: March 2014 – March 2015 Baseline Air Intervention Air Initial Stove Acceptability Baseline Household Pollution Pollution and Stove ADALY Quantity/ Assessments Fuel Consumption Assessment Acceptance Survey Cost Assessment Phase 2: April 2015 – December2015 Design and Validate Design Clean Stoves, Complete Financing Government and M&V Protocol Design and Financier Fund and Impement Clean Air Project Structuring Project Approval Decision point for proceeding with project Source: Forum panelists. Nepal The implementation approaches adopted for the stoves program to achieve CCS4ALL include a joint multi-stake- The Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) is the holder coordination platform; a dedicated unit within the Government of Nepal’s focal agency for the promotion AEPC; targeted capacity building for service delivery; and development of renewable energy technologies. monitoring against a national baseline; and the active Since its establishment in 1996, the AEPC has promoted engagement of the private sector, financial institutions, various clean cooking solutions and technologies, includ- local bodies, development partners, and stakeholders. ing improved cookstoves (ICS), biogas, solar cookers, and Other features include a nationally coordinated local low-wattage electric cookers (Bijuli Dekchi). In 2011, the campaign, clustered approach, commitment of partners government and development partners jointly agreed to (from conceptualization through implementation), and support the formulation of the National Rural and Renew- multiple partnership modalities to cooperate in various able Energy Program (NRREP), a five-year (2012–17) support areas. initiative, under which all future programs and projects for which the AEPC is the executing partner (including Key milestones toward achieving CCS4ALL have been improved stove programs) are included. reached under the NRREP stoves program. Numerous consultations and knowledge-exchange events were held In 2013, Nepal’s Prime Minister announced an ambitious in 2013. The Nepal Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (NACC) mission: “Clean cooking solutions for all by 2017 , thereby was launched in July 2013 to effectively coordinate key ensuring an indoor-air-pollution free Nepal. ” The technol- stakeholders in the program and generate synergy. In ogy options for achieving the mission of Clean Cooking addition, the Nepal Bureau of Standards and Metrology Solutions for All (CCS4ALL) include improved cookstoves, (NBSM) requested national standards for cookstoves. In biogas, solar cookers, and more advanced technologies November–December 2013, a biomass cookstove design (e.g., briquettes, gasifiers, and electricity-based cooking). competition (including listing of metallic cookstoves) was These four technology options are promoted under the announced. In support of the CCS4ALL objective, many NRREP , implemented by the AEPC, and supported by development partners (e.g., SNV, International Union for various development partners, including the World Bank. Conservation of Nature, and Winrock International) have A second focus is institutional development, comprising taken up improved cookstove dissemination, using the institutional support, monitoring, and gender and social cluster approach. inclusion. 3 Results-Based Financing: Does It Work? Moderator: Yabei Zhang, The World Bank Panelists: Jingming Li, Ministry of Agriculture, China Tomarbulang Lumbantobing, Ministry of Finance, Indonesia Enkhbold, Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project, Mongolia Natsuko Toba, The World Bank Julien Jacquot, GERES RBF Overview approaches include output-based aid (OBA), conditional cash transfers, carbon finance, and advance market Results-Based Financing (RBF) is a concept comprising a commitments.9 range of public policy instruments, whereby incentives, rewards, or subsidies are linked to the verified delivery Unlike traditional public procurement, which uses public of pre-defined results. RBF is often used to enhance resources to purchase the inputs and contract service access to and delivery of basic infrastructure and social providers to deliver them to users, the RBF approach uses services, such as improved access to water and sanita- private-sector resources to finance the inputs and service tion, energy, and health care. In most cases, the fund- delivery and public resources to reimburse the service ing entity—typically a government, development agency, provider upon delivery of the pre-defined results. This key or other agent—deals directly with the service provider difference gives RBF the potential to improve the effi- (e.g., private firm, public utility, civil society organization, ciency and effectiveness of disbursing public resources or financial institution). Some of the better-known RBF and support of market-based interventions (figure 3.1). Figure 3.1 Distinguishing RBF from Traditional Public Procurement Traditional approach RBF approach Inputs Inputs (stoves) Private (stoves) finance Service provider Service provider Public (e.g. stove distributor) (e.g. stove distributor) finance Reimbursement for results delivered Service recipient Service recipient (stove user) (stove user) Source: Adapted from Penelope J. Brook and Murray Petrie, “Output-Based Aid: Precedents, Promises, and Challenges.” In Contracting for Public Services: Output-Based Aid and Its Applications, eds. Penelope J. Brook and Suzanne M. Smith, 3–11 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001). ” EAP Clean Stove Initia- Details are provided in Y. Zhang and O. Knight, “Results Based Financing: Framework for Promoting Clean Stoves. 9 tive Knowledge Exchange Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012). 13 14 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings The conceptual framework for using RBF in programs (M&V) system, accompanied by training and awareness- to promote clean stoves could include three key build- raising activities. China’s RBF pilot program was jointly ing blocks—(i) defined clean stoves, (ii) results-based managed by its Ministry of Agriculture and the World incentives, and (iii) a monitoring and verification (M&V) Bank and implemented by China’s Rural Energy and Envi- system—supported by two pillars—(i) institutional ronment Agency (REEA), with local government support. strengthening and capacity building and (ii) awareness- raising campaigns (figure 3.2). By program completion, both pilot villages had attained a number of positive outcomes, especially in terms of indoor air quality, energy savings, fuel cost savings, and Pilot Program Implementation user satisfaction. These outcomes were generally sup- ported by adoption of the RBF mechanism. Scaling up The EAP CSI country programs are at various stages of such pilots will require necessary adjustments of the implementing the RBF pilots. The sections that follow detailed program design in accordance with local charac- highlight the unique features of each of the four pilot pro- teristics, particularly with regard to developing eligibility grams, what is being learned, and the main design and criteria for stoves and suppliers and RBF incentive levels. implementation challenges. Indonesia China The RBF scheme in Indonesia provides key market play- China has already completed its RBF pilot program, and ers—known as market aggregators—incentives through is preparing a report that summarizes lessons and expe- the RBF framework, whereby incentives are linked to rience. The RBF pilot was carried out in two representa- verified results. Disbursement depends on the results tive villages: one in the South and the other in the North. delivered, which must be verified by an independent, Both villages were selected against several criteria and third-party team. Results under the RBF incentives are in consultation with relevant stakeholders. Throughout defined as qualified clean cookstoves sold to and used by the design and implementation of the two pilots, key the buyers. The participating market aggregators receive elements of the RBF framework were followed, includ- financial incentives only after the verification team has ing the development of selection criteria for stove tech- confirmed that the qualified clean cookstoves have been nologies and stove suppliers, the setup of results-based sold to and used by the purchasing households. Figure incentives level, and disbursement conditions and sched- 3.3 illustrates the seven-step process. ules, as well as a third-party monitoring and verification Figure 3.2 RBF Framework with Three Building Blocks and Two Supporting Pillars Results-based incentives • Establish clean stove standards/rating • Number of stoves delivered system • Level of subsidies is linked to stove • Number of stoves used performance • Establish testing and certification • Verify actual performance of stoves protocols • Disbursement of subsidies is linked used to monitoring and verification of results • Establish testing centers Monitoring and Defined clean stoves verification system Institutional strengthening Awareness-raising & capacity building campaign ” EAP Clean Stove Initiative Knowledge Source: Y. Zhang and O. Knight, “Results Based Financing: Framework for Promoting Clean Stoves. Exchange Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012). Results-Based Financing: Does It Work? 15 Figure 3.3 Disbursement Process for Indonesia RBF Pilot Program World Bank Market 7b. Issuance of No Aggregators Objection for first 2. Submit two transactions report of sales 7a. Request for 6. RBF No Objection for incentives first two payment transactions 1. Stove sold 3. Sales report with buyers’ contact information 5. Confirmation Verification End-Users Team 4. Verification Source: Forum panelists. To ensure that every qualified clean cookstove sold can Mongolia be tracked, market aggregators are required to keep The RBF approach in Mongolia, implemented under the records of all stoves sold under the pilot program and Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project (UBCAP), has been under submit these records to the PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia way since 2013. Under this scheme, clean stove suppli- Tbk (BRI), which is responsible for managing and disburs- ers receive subsidies once stove installations are verified ing financial incentives to the market aggregators. The and the inefficient traditional stoves are removed. Verifi- records contain sufficient information for the indepen- cation of installation and stove-use training of household dent verification team to track qualified clean-stove buy- members is strengthened by having a third party visit ers and verify that the clean stoves were bought by the the household at the time of installation and again a few end-users (first stage of verification) and used by them months later. In this way, the third party ensures that the (second stage of verification). household is trained in the clean technology and contin- ues to use the stove. The RBF pilot program announced a call for stove tech- nology in February 2014. By late April, some 20 stove Stove-performance criteria are published,10 and stove technologies from 15 companies had been received by models are solicited for eligibility testing through an open the designated pilot stove-testing center. With expert competition. Those models that pass laboratory tests, international training and technical support, the center used properly, can reduce PM2.5 emissions by as much as is now evaluating the applications and conducting stove 95 percent. Resources are also focused on building the testing. Once testing results are available, the program capacity of a local laboratory to provide objective infor- will launch a call for market aggregators. mation on stoves’ fuel-emissions performance. 10 The main performance criteria are that stove power must be greater than 3 kW, PM2.5 emissions cannot exceed 70 mg per net MJ, carbon- monoxide emissions cannot exceed 7 g per net MJ, and thermal efficiency must be greater than 70 percent. 16 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Lao PDR The stoves will be funded under the menu of interven- tions of Model Healthy Villages (MHV), a Lao government The Lao PDR program has tested cookstoves, developed supported, community-based health-promotion program, improved models, and trained local producers. Draft with certain criteria and targets. Poor households will stove standards were submitted to the Inter-Ministerial purchase the clean stoves based on their willingness to CSI Task Force’s Committee on Clean Cookstoves Stan- pay, while retail shops will sell at full price. Both social dards for final review. Under this scheme, the RBF mech- and commercial marketing will be pursued. ADALYs will anism is linked with Averted Disability-Adjusted Life Years be monitored, verified, marketed, and sold, with World (ADALYs) as a unit of financing (i.e., years of women’s Bank assistance provided to donors and foundations for and children’s lives saved because of reduced household payment on delivery. ADALYs sales revenue will support air pollution [HAP] from using a clean cookstove). the MHV budget. Exploring application of the RBF approach to clean stoves A social impact investor (i.e., private foundation, bilat- has attracted much attention and support from within eral donor, or World Bank trust fund) can also finance and outside the World Bank. Criticism received can against a forward contract for purchase of ADALYs by also serve to improve the development of this innova- a creditworthy buyer. The impact investor enters into a tive approach. A multidisciplinary World Bank team (i.e., fixed-price, forward purchase contract to buy ADALYs on health, energy, water and sanitation, social inclusion, a pay-on-delivery model (i.e., ADALYS purchase agree- gender and development, and environment), together ment [ADPA]). A new private-sector, Base-of-the-Pyramid with leading global research institutions, is undertaking Impact Exchange Fund (BIX Fund) has already issued a in-depth HAP assessments in poor rural households to letter of intent to the World Bank Group (World Bank and determine reduction in illnesses and premature deaths International Finance Corporation) to finance the clean resulting from the use of clean cookstove technology. stoves/health project in Lao PDR with a buyer who will This cross-cutting, multi-sector partnership also blends pay for the ADALYs on delivery, year on year over the public- and private-sector financing. expected five-year project life. BIX lends against the impact-investor ADPA to fund the project (figure 3.4). In If the innovative health-impact RBF is included in the this case, the price for ADALYs is negotiated between World Bank’s FY16 Maternal and Child Health and Nutri- BIX and the impact investor, and BIX takes project perfor- tion Improvement Project, it is envisaged that clean mance and service-agent delivery risk. stoves/clean air will be an integral health component. Figure 3.4 Possible Project Financing Structure for the Lao PDR Clean Stoves Health Product Impact Investor IVA = Independent $ ADALYs Verification Agent. This will be a $ ADALYs suitably accredited BIX GOL IVA auditor agreed $ between financing parties $ $ Data Stoves Data Service Providers $ Local Stoves/Parts $/Data Projcet Data = Stoves Manager Performance, Data Location, and Use Households and/or Household Air Pollution Levels Source: Forum panelists. 4 Private-Sector Development: What Are the Business Models? Moderator: Gailius Draugelis, The World Bank Panelists: Simon Bell, The Apex Consulting Group, Indonesia Feng Wen, Xunda Import and Export Company, China Ken Newcombe, C-Quest Capital, Washington, DC Jan Friedrich Kappen, The World Bank While globalization trends offer opportunities to develop- investors interested in this business. This suggests that ment programs that focus on clean cooking and heating government programs, acting in a transparent manner, stoves, new stove models are needed, and import barri- could also assume the role of bridge builder, connecting ers to qualified models should be addressed. For exam- markets to the private sector. ple, China’s vast commercial manufacturing capacity can offer low-cost, high-quality stoves that could be imported Government policies are needed to (i) establish and main- almost anywhere in the world. Similarly, U.S.-made tain adequate subsidy levels and (ii) design and implement stoves are being sold in Africa, while Mongolia imports effective subsidy-allocation mechanisms to mobilize and stoves from Turkey. Some Asian countries, including sustain private-sector participation in scaling up access Indonesia, are relative newcomers to the international to clean stoves. Transparent “rules of the game” provide stove trade, while others, like China, have had long expe- the predictability that the private sector needs in order to rience, even without much international support. Africa’s develop viable business plans. This means that there is a multi-decade history has produced limited results. This high premium on program coordination to ensure coher- panel discussion suggests how to reduce barriers to ent policies and support measures. private-sector participation in the stove-market sector and describes promising business models and delivery mechanisms. Need for Innovative Subsidy Schemes Considering that stove end-users are often widely scat- Mobilizing Private-Sector Participation tered, the more cost-effective way of channeling financial incentives is through stove suppliers. The traditional sub- Market-development programs need to consider that sidy approach uses a public-procurement procedure to the private sector requires economies of scale to deliver purchase clean stoves and disseminate them to house- high-quality stoves at affordable prices. Markets may be holds for free or at a low price. This approach can quickly too small to justify some program activities more charac- aggregate demand and deliver stoves; however, prob- teristic of larger stove markets. That said, the design of lems are likely to result. For example, users may not like program activities depends on the particular country con- the stoves and decide not to use them. Or they may not text; thus, each program should be designed to address cherish the free stoves and fail to properly maintain them. local characteristics. Households who did not receive free stoves may expect to receive them in the future and thus decide to stop Transforming the current stove market toward a cleaner, purchasing stoves. International experience has shown more efficient one requires financial incentives that attract that more innovative subsidy schemes are required to more suppliers of clean cooking and heating solutions develop a sustainable market and thus make government for households and working with potential private-sector funding support more effective and efficient. 17 18 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Results-Based Financing (RBF) is a useful, “smart-sub- In addition, calculated economic benefits might justify sidy” mechanism to monetize a wide range of benefits. the subsidy. However, people’s willingness to pay for In the context of clean cooking and heating, the program switching to clean stoves is key to developing the level objective—reducing outdoor or household air pollution of subsidy. (HAP)—is a key factor in design of the subsidy scheme. 5 Stove Standards and Testing: How to Measure Performance Moderator: Koffi Ekouevi, The World Bank Panelists: Xiaofu Chen, China Alliance for Clean Stoves, Beijing Crispin Pemberton-Pigott, The World Bank Richard Grinnell, HELPS International, Guatemala Michael Blunck, German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), India Robert J. van der Plas, MARGE, the Netherlands Establishing a system to define clean stoves is the foun- Mongolia dation for developing a clean stoves market. Such a sys- tem includes (i) stove standards and associated testing Currently, Mongolia has criteria for (i) legal stove stan- protocols, which set testing methods and performance dards and (ii) subsidy eligibility for consumers who switch indicators and define stove-testing and measurement to better stoves under the Municipality’s program sup- procedures; (ii) a testing laboratory that follows protocols ported by the Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project (UBCAP) and and procedures for performing stove tests and report- the Mongolian Clean Air Foundation. Some differences ing their results; and (iii) a stove-certification laboratory need to be resolved gradually. Currently, none of the tra- authorized to issue clean stove certificates based on ditional stoves meet the current legal stove standards, stove-testing results. while all of the stoves eligible for consumer subsidy support exceed them. The legal standards are based on Clean stove standards, testing protocols, and certifica- European ones, but do not take into account local expe- tion systems form the cornerstone for developing a clean riences with the low-emission stoves sold. Traditional stoves market. They define what a clean cookstove is stoves that fail to meet former or current standards are and provide direction for improving stove design. If stove still allowed to be sold in the market. Thus, it is proposed standards and testing protocols do not reasonably reflect that the eligibility criteria be maintained, especially the on-the-ground use, an optimally designed, laboratory emissions-performance criteria used by Ulaanbaatar city stove model may fail to deliver the intended efficiency for subsidies under the UBCAP . A concurrent review of and emissions-reduction results in the field or may not be current stoves-emission standards is also proposed. This adopted by end-user households. Another vital compo- review would compare the current standards with stove- nent in promoting the adoption of certified clean stoves switching eligibility criteria and field experience. Local is linking the stove-testing and certification system to an characteristics and experience should be considered to incentives-based mechanism. In addition, the process of ensure that the desired emissions performance can be setting stove standards and testing protocols needs to achieved in the local market. take the local context into account; otherwise, perfor- mance metrics might not be meaningful. Small water-heating boilers (SWHBs) are one the fastest growing market segments for heating systems. These This panel discussion highlights the progress of the boilers include imported, locally produced, and do-it-your- four participating EAP CSI countries in setting stove self systems. To date, Mongolia has not set standards for standards, including updates on the ISO (International the SWHBs. The UBCAP is supporting local consultants Organization for Standardization) process. The summa- to develop a testing protocol that will be used to inform ries suggest that, given the broad and diverse cooking policy makers on the potential benefits of an improved practices and climate conditions that characterize the SWHB program. countries, along with the observed disadvantages of the water-boiling test, ongoing ISO discussions need to be a participatory, transparent process. 19 20 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings An emerging consensus among policy makers is the China need to base decisions on scientifically determined, laboratory testing of stove-fuel emissions performance. China has issued standards for stove-testing methods Because emissions performance differs by particular and technical specifications for cooking stoves, heating stove-fuel combinations, reliable laboratory testing is stoves, cooking and water-heating stoves, and cooking essential to determine their potential contributions to and radiant-heating stoves (table 5.1).11 These standards reducing air pollution. apply not only to testing stove performance and specifi- cations for product quality and safety concerns. Accord- Mongolia benefits from having the Stove Emissions and ing to Chinese law, any enterprise must manufacture Efficiency Testing (SEET) Laboratory, a local laboratory qualified products that meet standard requirements. owned by the Mongolian University of Science and Tech- Before entering the market, any product must meet nology (MUST). The SEET conducts performance tests these requirements and pass the tests conducted by locally, but these are under laboratory conditions, follow- certified organizations. ing a user’s manual. Field tests could also be conducted to help understand the differences. The SEET Laboratory At the same time, China’s standards system has several is encouraged to provide such caveats in its reporting, shortcomings. Notably, standards methods and coverage based on its judgment of the new technology’s ease of are not systematic. Also, standards lag in relation to tech- use. nology improvements and the emergence of new prod- ucts. In addition, some standards are not implemented or enforced strictly enough to prevent inferior stoves from entering the market. Table 5.1 China’s Household Stove Standards Standard number Standard name Type GB6412-2009 Testing protocol for domestic coal use and household stoves National GB16154-2005 General technical specifications for household water-heating coal stoves National GB/T16155-2005 Testing protocol for heating performance of household heating coal stoves National NY/T1001-2006 Technical specifications for household improved stoves and Kangs Industry NY/T8-2006 Testing protocol for thermal performance of firewood stoves Industry NY/T1703-2009 Specifications for installation and acceptance of water-heating stoves of heating system Industry NB/T34006-2011 General specifications for household densified biofuel heating stoves Industry NB/T34005-2011 Testing protocol for household densified biofuel heating stoves Industry NB/T34007-2012 General specifications for biomass cooking and heating stoves Industry NB/T34008-2012 Testing protocol for biomass cooking and heating stoves Industry NB/T34009-2012 General specifications for biomass cooking and radiant-heating stoves Industry NB/T34010-2012 Testing protocol for biomass cooking and radiant-heating stoves Industry To be approved General technical specifications for household biofuel cookstoves Industry To be approved Testing protocol for household biomass cookstoves Industry DB11/T540-2008 General technical specifications for household biomass stoves Regional (Beijing) Source: China Alliance for Clean Stoves (CACS), Background report prepared for the China CSI (Beijing: World Bank, 2012). Note: GB = national standards, NY = agricultural industry standards, NB = energy industry standards, DB = regional standards. 11 The Standardization Administration of China functions as the nation’s standardization management organization. Relevant administrations under the State Council, together with the industry association that it authorizes, are responsible for standardization management in the corresponding departments and industries. Stove Standards and Testing: How to Measure Performance 21 To improve the current system for stove standards, testing protocols accepted by the National Stove Stan- testing, and certification, a technical report has been dards Committee. prepared that evaluates the system’s current status. Drawing on international best practices, it proposes a In early 2013, the Government of Indonesia established roadmap, including a recommended methodology and the Indonesia National Standard (SNI) on Biomass Stove institutional arrangements, for moving toward a strength- Performance (Standar kinerja tungku dan kompor bio- ened system over the short and long term. Stakeholders massa), registered as SNI3 7926:2013. The SNI defines are actively engaged in standards-system discussions the minimum requirements for biomass stove perfor- through workshops and consultations. Currently, a team mance, covering combustion and thermal efficiency, of experts is drafting a national standard for clean bio- cabon monoxide and particulate emissions, stove safety, mass cookstoves. In addition, international collaborations and stove-testing procedures. This is the first step in are being carried out, and China is considering the com- selecting the method for the RBF pilot program. It is patibility of its national standards with those of the Inter- expected that the SNI will be improved, based on pilot national Workshop Agreement (IWA) framework. implementation results (chapter 3). Results to date suggest that separate testing protocols should be developed for each of the various stove types. Lao PDR Also, real-time emissions monitoring for the national standard on cookstove testing needs improving. Further- With support from GERES and LIRE, a new laboratory more, standards should take the local context into consid- for testing stove performance was established under the eration. Finally, current standards need to be compared Lao PDR CSI, and testing specialists were trained. The across countries so that necessary improvements can be laboratory, part of the Regional Testing and Knowledge made to achieve internationally accepted standards. Center (RTKC) for Southeast Asia, ensures the quality and consistency of results through unified metrics, reference protocols, and a common rating system. It also func- Indonesia tions as a center for research and development (R&D) on improved cookstoves and a training center for specialists The Research and Development Agency for Electric- testing new and existing cookstoves in national and local ity, New, Renewable Energy, and Energy Conserva- markets. tion, under Indonesia’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR), serves as the national laboratory Draft cookstove standards have been submitted to the for stove testing and certification. Its main function is to Inter-Ministerial CSI Task Force for final review. The major issue government-authorized certificates for clean bio- steps toward establishing national stove standards and mass cookstoves under the future national clean biomass labeling involve support for research and development, cookstove program. The certificates are issued based enhancing stove-testing capacities, and providing techni- on the results of stove testing, following standards and cal support (figure 5.1). Figure 5.1 Developing National Cookstove Standards and Labeling in Lao PDR Toward Clean Cookstove Standards Framework in Lao PDR Provide technical Support Research and Enhance testing support for Development capacities development of standards and labeling Source: Ministry of Science and Technology, Lao PDR. 22 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Figure 5.2 Institutional Arrangements for Standards Development IN LAO PDR MEM - IREP MOST - RENMI MOST - DSM Reviewing, authorizing, Approving and Drafting clean and submitting enacting clean cookstove proposed clean cookstove standards, standards and labeling cookstove standards and labeling Source: Ministry of Science and Technology, Lao PDR. The Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) and Ministry Under MOST, the Renewable Energy and New Materials of Science and Technology (MOST) have shared respon- Institute (RENMI) reviews, authorizes, and submits the sibility for implementing the development of national proposed standards, while the Department of Standard- standards and labeling (figure 5.2). The MEM’s Institute ization and Methodology (DSM) approves and enacts the of Renewable Energy Promotion (IREP) is in charge of standards and labeling. drafting the clean cookstove standards and labeling. 6 Next Steps Moderator: Yabei Zhang, The World Bank Panelists: Fang Fang, Ministry of Agriculture, China Anna Rufaida, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia Erdenetsogt, National Committee for Air Pollution Reduction, Mongolia Tayphasavanh Fengthong, Ministry of Health, Lao PDR Significant progress toward scaling up access to clean Cross-Country Exchanges cooking and heating solutions has been achieved under the EAP CSI Phase II activities. Clean stove standards, The platform for cross-country knowledge-sharing and testing, and verification systems are being established learning established under the EAP CSI has spurred a and strengthened in the participating countries to create wave of collaboration between countries. For example, a more enabling environment for building a sustainable while attending the 8th China Clean Stove Expo, the Indo- clean stove market. This panel discussion reviews the nesia delegation identified a potentially applicable stove key components required for national program scale-up, for its local context and invited the Chinese manufacturer highlights progress in ongoing cross-country learning, to submit that stove to the Indonesia RBF pilot program. and summarizes priorities for moving forward. Also, the Mongolia delegation invited Chinese enter- prises and research institutes to visit Mongolia to learn first-hand about that country’s cookstove market. Both Toward National Program Scale-Up Indonesia and Lao PDR have submitted applications for clean-stove collaboration programs with China.12 Further- The knowledge-sharing, platform-building, technical- more, it is expected that Honduras and China will col- assistance, training, and awareness-raising activities laborate on stove testing through their respective testing currently under way are strengthening institutions and centers at the University of Zamorano and China Agricul- building the capacity of key market players. Strong tural University (appendix A). and sustained political commitment to the clean cook- ing agenda, along with accountable institutions with adequate implementation capacity, are vital to national What Are the Next Steps? program scale-up; otherwise, the cooking needs of poor vulnerable households in remote rural areas will continue Building on the foundation established, the EAP CSI to be neglected. CSI pilot activities are the best way to country programs will continue strengthening institu- test the effectiveness of the innovative RBF approach tional frameworks for national program scale-up and before national scale-up. Lessons learned from testing engaging key stakeholders. The “learning-by-doing” these pilots will be applied to national program design. approach to pilot programs is helping to build countries’ Preparation of the national programs has begun and is confidence in project management and operations. The gaining traction in the participant countries. lessons and insights gained from these experiences 12 Indonesia’s application included an official letter from the Directorate of Bioenergy, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR). 23 24 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings will inform the design of national programs, and agree- knowledge-sharing on clean cooking and heating solu- ments will continue being made in preparation for them. tions. Follow-up is expected on the activities proposed Concurrent with national program preparation, the CSI at this forum. The CSI e-Forum platform (appendix B), will continue to systematically encourage cross-country together with the CSI Forum, will work to facilitate learning and knowledge exchange by linking markets at regional and global communication among practitioners various operational and policy-development stages and and policy makers. Based on the accumulated expe- applying a similar structure in each country. riences reflected in conversations at this forum, it is anticipated that many more participants from the clean Moving forward, priority will be given to scaling up best cooking/heating community will benefit from the EAP practices, strengthening collaboration, and promoting CSI initiative. Appendix A Forum Feedback and Follow-Up Activities The four-day, CSI Regional Forum event (April 26–29, Post-Forum Activities (April 29) 2014) generated immediate feedback and concrete, follow-up activities. Participants were impressed by the Attendees were given the option of participating in one scale of the 8th China Clean Stove Expo and the level of three concurrent post-forum activities: meeting with of stove-sector industrialization, and discussions and officials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of knowledge-sharing among the country delegations were Science and Technology on South-South collaboration, dynamic. Clearly, China has much to offer in terms of its touring the China Agricultural University’s regional stove- clean stove experience, technologies, and sector devel- testing and knowledge center, and visiting local stove opment. At the same time, it can learn much from other manufacturers in Gaobeidian, Hebei province. Results country programs. Post-forum feedback from participants from these post-forum activities are described below. has been quite positive. They much appreciate the World Bank for having provided such a useful platform and hope that it will continue to do so in the future. This appendix Ministry Meetings highlights notable feedback and follow-up activities. Forum participants met with government officials on Chi- na’s rural energy situation and opportunities for South- South collaboration. The Ministry of Agriculture’s Rural 8th China Clean Stove Expo (April Energy and Environment Agency (REEA) and Depart- 26–27) ment of Science, Technology, and Education, as well as the Ministry of Science and Technology’s Department of Some delegations were able to identify stove products International Cooperation were represented. Following potentially applicable to their countries’ local contexts. these meetings, the Indonesia and Lao PDR delegations For example, the Indonesia delegation identified such a expressed great interest in the stove collaboration pro- stove and invited its manufacturer to submit the stove for grams funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology. inclusion in the Indonesia RBF pilot program. The stove Both countries have submitted program applications. If manufacturer submitted the application; subsequently, the applications are approved for funding support, more sample stoves were delivered to Indonesia’s stove-test- collaborative activities will be organized (e.g., exchanges ing center and are ready for eligibility testing. on stove testing and standards and promotion of tech- nology and business partnerships, as well as knowl- The Mongolia delegation invited Chinese enterprises to edge-sharing between government officials, research visit Mongolia to learn first-hand about that country’s institutes, and nongovernmental organizations [NGOs]). cookstove market. In response, the China Alliance for Clean Stoves (CAAS) planned to organize a Chinese del- egation to visit Mongolia two months later. 25 26 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Tour of Stove-Testing Center at China and boilers), and the enterprise discipline embedded in Agricultural University Chinese culture. Participants had the opportunity to wit- ness first-hand some 1,000 workers sharing motivational Follow-up collaboration on stove testing is expected words as they lined up for lunch. The stove enterprises between China and Honduras through these countries’ allocate time for classes on Chinese culture and have respective stove-testing centers at China Agricultural programs that enable workers to help the community’s University in Beijing and the University of Zamorano in elderly. Tegucigalpa. Ongoing discussions are being held on staff and student-exchange opportunities. The Central Participants observed these enterprises’ high-level of America Clean Cooking Initiative (CACCI) is considering technical capacity to produce many types of household inviting one or two top Chinese cookstove designers to appliances and were convinced they could produce stove Honduras to work with researchers at the University of appliances if provided design drawings. It was agreed Zamorano on improving the combustion chamber of the that the next step of this South-South exchange should Plancha cookstove. be creating opportunities for Chinese engineers to inter- act with their counterparts in interested countries to Visits with Local Stove Manufacturers design clean cookstoves that have modified combustion chambers, based on the technology developed for Chi- Forum participants were impressed by the scale of stove- nese cookstoves, while retaining the stoves’ traditional enterprise operations, the range of products manufac- outer appearances. tured (e.g., a variety of cookstove models, water heaters, Appendix B Launch of CSI e-Forum The Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) e-Forum aims to pro- world. Through stimulating conversations, participants mote collaboration, learning, and knowledge-sharing on will benefit not only from solid knowledge products, but access to clean cooking and heating solutions around the also from the networking, publicity, and collaboration globe. Launched on April 28, 2014, the CSI e-Forum is an that the e-Forum facilitates. extension of the World Bank’s East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Regional CSI, which aims to achieve universal access to The CSI e-Forum’s Knowledge Hub provides the latest modern cooking and heating solutions, particularly for updated information on clean cooking and heating solu- poor households in remote rural areas, who are likely to tions, while its Discussion Forum promotes conversa- continue using solid fuels to meet their cooking and heat- tions among practitioners, policy makers, and technicians ing needs beyond 2030. and gives the general public easy access to key experts in the field (figure B.1). The Knowledge Hub includes The site serves as an archive for designated CSI-related briefings, reports, presentations, and other documents information, as well as a collaborative platform for people that help to advance an understanding of best practices seeking answers to CSI-related questions and getting in clean cooking and heating solutions from around the to know their peers. The CSI e-Forum aims to extend its world. Participants are encouraged to upload files, help- network reach beyond the EAP region to the global com- ing to create a collaborative effort to store the informa- munity, in the process bringing the World Bank’s exper- tion and materials, while keeping track of updates on tise and experience to external stakeholders to facilitate various topics. The Discussion Forum enables people to mutual learning. Knowing-sharing is encouraged among post questions and answers, meet peers virtually, and World Bank experts and practitioners from around the develop shared learning through collaboration. 27 28 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Figure B.1 Screenshot of CSI e-Forum Site Sections   Source: https://collaboration.worldbank.org/groups/clean-cooking-and-heating-solutions. Appendix C Speaker Biographies Bell, Simon the Indo-German Energy Programme in New Delhi, India, working with the Indian Ministry of New and Renew- Simon Bell is President and Managing Director of The able Energy on improving the policy framework for rural Apex Consulting Group, a business advisory firm that energy enterprises in the areas of improved cooking, delivers real-world results through a culture of business solar pumping, solar mini grids, and pico hydropower. excellence and a passion for peak performance. Currently As of May 2014, Michael began supporting the Asian based in Jakarta, Indonesia, Simon is Apex team leader Development Bank’s Energy for All Initiative, coordinat- and market facilitator for the World Bank’s Indonesia ing its working group on biomass cookstoves. Previ- Clean Stove Initiative (CSI). He has led numerous busi- ously, he worked for the GIZ energy access programs ness-critical projects for a wide range of clients across in Bangladesh and the global Poverty-Oriented Basic sectors in Australasia, Europe, and North America. He Energy Services Programme (HERA). As a participant in has worked with hundreds of organizations supporting the Development Cooperation Trainee Programme of the the development of improved management and business German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and processes to deliver better bottom-line results and com- Development (BMZ), he has worked with the BMZ, GIZ, mercial sustainability. His expertise includes capability World Bank, and REN21 network. Michael holds a Mas- and capacity building, performance enhancement, inter- ter’s Degree in Social and Economic Geography from the firm cooperation, value-chain improvement, procurement University of Mainz, Germany. localization, and private-sector engagement. Over the past 14 years, he has advised national governments, non- profit organizations, and the private sector on economic Chen, Xiaofu development and environmental projects in the region. He holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Music Technology from Xiaofu Chen is Executive Director of the China Alliance Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia and a Bachelor’s for Clean Stoves (CACS). In this capacity, he leads the Degree in International Business from Queensland Uni- CACS in the large-scale promotion of clean stoves in versity of Technology in Brisbane. China and conducts international cooperation projects. He also serves as Secretary General of the Technical Committee on Rural Energy Standardization of China. Blunck, Michael Xiaofu has 30 years of experience in the fields of solar energy, energy efficiency, and other renewable energy. Michael Blunck is Project Manager for the German Agency He has held senior management roles at the Chinese for International Cooperation (GIZ), and has worked on Academy of Agriculture Engineering and the China Asso- energy access programs under German bilateral coop- ciation of Rural Energy Industry (CAREI), affiliated with eration for the past seven years. For the past three years, the Ministry of Agriculture. Michael has headed the energy access component of 29 30 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Draugelis, Gailius effective decision-making for the Municipality of Ulaan- baatar, government-funded agencies, and the World Gailius Draugelis is Lead Energy Specialist for the East Bank. His career began in 2000 as Project Coordinator for Asia and the Pacific Region and Energy Sector Coordi- the United Overseas Textile Corporation Barrage in the nator for China and Mongolia at the World Bank. In his United States. He was later appointed Executive Direc- more than 18-year career at the World Bank, Gailius tor, responsible for quality monitoring of export products has worked in the Baltics, South East Europe, Central in various markets. As Director of the UBCAP PMU, he Asia, Mongolia, and China, managing investments and is responsible for overall unit planning and development, providing advisory services in urban infrastructure and as well as implementation, coordination, and supervi- energy efficiency. Based in Beijing, he coordinates the sion of activities. He has played a key leadership role in World Bank’s energy investment and advisory services UBCAP implementation, including the stove-switching portfolio in China and Mongolia. He has worked with program; quality-assurance monitoring using a partici- industry, government, and real-estate development and patory approach; results-based management, including utilities in developing business models, financing mecha- facilitation of contributions from diverse stakeholder nisms, policies, incentives, and regulations to accelerate groups; and constructive engagement between decision- investments in energy efficiency and access to clean makers, donor organizations, and counterpart projects in energy. He is co-lead author of the green urbanization Ulaanbaatar. Over the years, he has earned both the Best chapter in a 2014 joint report with the State Council’s Annual Exporter and Perfect Quality (Ulemjiin Chanar) Development Research Center on China’s urbanization. awards. He received his professional economics training Since mid-2007 , Gailius has led the World Bank’s policy from Santa Monica College in the U.S. dialogue on investments for air-quality improvement in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. In this role, he has led a team to develop policies, raise donor awareness, and make Erdenetsogt, Mr. investments to promote access to clean technologies for heating and cooking in poor, peri-urban households. Mr. Erdenetsogt is Secretary of the National Committee He is Project Manager for the IDA-financed Ulaanbaatar for Air Pollution Reduction (NCAPR) in Mongolia. Clean Air Project, which includes a large stove-switching component, and the Australian government–supported Fang, Fang Mongolia Clean Stoves Initiative, which is developing a national clean stove strategy. Fang Fang is Counselor in the Department of Science, Technology, and Education’s Division of Energy and Ecol- ogy within China’s Ministry of Agriculture. Fang Fang is Ekouevi, Koffi mainly responsible for the management of biogas and Koffi Ekouevi is Senior Economist for the World Bank’s straw energy utilization, development of rural renew- Latin America Region and Caribbean Sustainable Energy able energy, dissemination of firewood and coal-saving Group. Over the past 16 years, Koffi has led energy policy stoves, rural energy savings and emissions reduction, dialogue and lending activities in many countries. He has and various ecological agriculture projects and other worked on several energy projects covering energy-sec- technical guidance activities in China. tor reform, energy access, and regional power trade. His main areas of concentration include off-grid rural electri- Feinstein, Charles fication and household energy access. He is currently leading the Central America Clean Cooking Initiative. Charles (Chas) Feinstein is Director of the Energy and In addition, he is involved in the design and supervi- Extractives Global Practice, World Bank Group. Prior to his sion of energy-access operations in Kenya, Haiti, and promotion in July 2014, Chas served as Sector Manager Bangladesh. for Water and Energy, East Asia and the Pacific Sustain- able Development Department. In this role, he provided guidance to the Department’s management team and Enkhbold, Mr. staff on energy and water-sector strategy development, Mr. Enkhbold is Director of the Ulaanbaatar Clean Air innovation, quality assurance, knowledge management, Project (UBCAP), Project Management Unit (PMU). As and portfolio development. Previously, he was Sustain- executive and member of the Project Steering Commit- able Development Leader for Timor-Leste, Papua New tee, he is responsible for overall project implementation Guinea, and the Pacific Islands based in Sydney, Austra- activities; coordinating efforts across the World Bank lia, responsible for a diverse sustainable-development and Mongolian government agencies; and generating portfolio in 12 client countries. Prior to assuming that Appendix C. Speaker Biographies 31 position, he was Sector Manager for Energy Operations in 2006, Julien has worked on renewable-energy and in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region. His more energy-efficiency projects in Afghanistan and Indonesia, recent work at the World Bank builds on his earlier ser- before being assigned to the global outreach program. vice as a recognized energy expert and role as co-author His main areas of focus have been household energy and of Fuel for Thought, the World Bank’s landmark environ- energy efficiency of buildings in development settings. mental strategy for the energy sector. Throughout the He has also worked on energy conservation for small 1990s, Chas worked as Team Leader for Climate Change agricultural holdings. Julien holds a Master’s Degree in the World Bank’s Environment Department. Before in International Political Economy from Pierre Mendes- joining the World Bank, he was a U.S. Peace Corps Vol- France University, University of Grenoble. unteer and Peace Corps Associate Country Director in the Pacific Islands. An alumnus of the East-West Center in Honolulu, Chas is trained in electrical engineering and Kappen, Jan Friedrich resource economics. Jan Friedrich Kappen is Senior Energy Specialist with the Africa Energy Practice at the World Bank. Jan oversees the World Bank’s Clean Cooking Initiative in Sub-Saha- Fengthong, Tayphasavanh ran Africa and works on various renewable energy, rural Tayphasavanh Fengthong is Director of the Environmen- electrification, and sector-reform projects throughout the tal and Occupational Health and Safety Division, Depart- region. Prior to joining the World Bank, Jan worked in ment of Hygiene and Health Promotion within Lao PDR’s corporate finance at General Electric, as assistant to the Ministry of Health. Concurrently, he serves as Head of CEO of a major German energy group, and in energy and the Health Impact Assessment Team and graduate-level climate finance with the United Nations Environment Pro- Lecturer on Environmental Health at the University of gramme (UNEP). As Senior Energy Economist with the Health Sciences. In 2011–12, Tayphasavanh authored a German Development Bank (KfW), Jan managed power study on the impacts of climate change on health in Lao distribution and energy access projects in the Asia region, PDR. He has co-authored various case studies on the and advised the German government as Trust Fund Com- links between household air pollution, housing character- mittee Member of the Climate Investment Funds. Jan istics, and the respiratory health of women and children holds a Master’s Degree in International Finance and in Lao PDR. Economic Policy from Columbia University, a Master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA) from ESCP Europe Business School, and a Master’s Degree in Indus- Grinnell, Richard trial Engineering from the Berlin Institute of Technology. Richard Grinnell is Vice President of HELPS International in Guatemala. Richard has worked with HELPS Interna- Li, Jingming tional since 2001, where he has been directly involved in the manufacture, sale, distribution, and implementation Jingming Li is Director of the Rural Energy and Environ- of the ONIL stove. The ONIL Stove Program initiated in ment Agency’s Division of Renewable Energy within Guatemala, and now under Richard’s management, has China’s Ministry of Agriculture. Concurrently, Jingming expanded to El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, and Nica- serves as Secretary General of the China Biogas Society, ragua. From 2009 to 2013, Richard was a Board Mem- Deputy Secretary General of the China Energy Institute, ber of HELPS International Incorporated and Co-chair of and Expert Committee Member of China’s Energy Grid the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (GACC) work- Research Center. He has substantial experience in tech- ing group, Reaching Consumers. Currently, he serves nical and standardization management, as well as tech- as Board Member of ETHOS (Engineers in Technical nology promotion and training in the fields of biomass and Humanitarian Opportunities of Service). He is also a stoves, biogas, solar, and other renewable energy. Founding Member and current President of the Improved Cookstove and Clean Energy Cluster in Guatemala. Lumbantobing, Tomarbulang Tomarbulang Lumbantobing (Tor Tobing) is Deputy Director Jacquot, Julien of Loans and Grants in the Directorate of Loan and Grant Julien Jacquot is Program Manager for StovePlus, the Management within Indonesia’s Ministry of Finance. In improved-cookstove, knowledge-transfer program of this capacity, he is in charge of policy and strategy devel- GERES (Renewable Energy, Environment, and Solidarity opment and implementation of loans and grants from the Group), and is based in Cambodia. Since joining GERES World Bank and other multilateral institutions. 32 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Newcombe, Ken he designs clean stove projects and testing laboratories around the world. Attached to the SeTAR Centre, Univer- Ken Newcombe, CEO of C-Quest Capital, has a long sity of Johannesburg, Crispin serves on the South Afri- and varied career in development finance, with exten- can Bureau of Standards Technical Committee TC1054 sive experience in the energy and environment sectors co-writing national stove standards and testing proto- and emerging markets and as an entrepreneur and pio- cols. He received the Design Institute of South Africa’s neer of markets for global public environmental goods. Chairman’s Award 2004 for the Vesto biomass stove and He was a member of the small team that designed the an innovation award from the Southern Africa Stainless multi-billion dollar Global Environment Facility (GEF). He Steel Development Association (SASSDA). developed the business concepts around public-private partnerships for generating and trading greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, and designed and man- Rufaida, Anna aged the Prototype Carbon Fund, the first global carbon fund. Under the Forest Market Transformation Initiative, Anna Rufaida is Head of the Subdirectorate of Investment which he established and led, Ken spurred global partner- and Cooperation in the Directorate of Bioenergy within ships with industry and nongovernmental organizations Indonesia’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (NGOs) for forest conservation and sustainable use. This (MEMR). In this capacity, she is in charge of policy and initiative gave rise to Forest Trends, the organization of strategy development on investment and cooperation in which he serves as Director Emeritus. In the 1980s, he the bioenergy sector. prepared the World Bank’s first cookstove project. Ken has successfully built or turned around a diverse group of Sharma, Shekhar businesses and business units, and is an acknowledged leader, team builder, and manager. In 2004, he won the Shekhar Sharma is Program Officer at the Alternate World Bank’s Manager of the Year Award. Energy Promotion Center (AEPC) in Nepal. In this capac- ity, he is responsible for central and regional planning, capacity building of partner organizations, quality-assur- Ostojic, Dejan ance support, social marketing and behavioral change Dejan Ostojic is Lead Specialist at the World Bank and communication, streamlining of gender equity and social previously Energy Sector Leader for the World Bank’s inclusion in component activities, private-sector develop- East Asia and the Pacific Region. Dejan has extensive ment, and coordination with external stakeholders. He energy-sector experience, including institutional, regula- has more than seven years of experience in project plan- tory, and technical aspects of electric power industry, gas ning, implementation, and monitoring related to biomass industry, and municipal utilities. His diverse experience energy technologies for various NGOs and development in sustainable energy and infrastructure development— programs in Nepal. Shekhar holds an Agricultural Engi- Europe and Central Asia, East Asia, Middle East, Latin neering Degree from Tribhuvan University’s Institute America, and the United States—includes 15 years at the of Engineering and an Executive Master’s of Adminis- World Bank (5 based in country offices), 6 years as man- tration Degree from Kathmandu University School of ager and consultant for a leading U.S. energy and water- Management. resources consulting company, and 8 years in academia in Europe and the U.S. His responsibilities included high- Thoummavongsa, Seumkham level policy dialogue and complex sector reform; busi- ness development for public- and private-sector projects; Seumkham Thoummavongsa is Director of the Energy design, preparation, and implementation of multi-billion Efficiency and Conservation Division of the Institute of dollar investment projects; coordination of infrastructure Renewable Energy Promotion (IREP) within Lao PDR’s operations across organizational boundaries; and task- Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM). In this capacity, team management in IDA and IBRD countries. he is in charge of policy and strategy development on energy efficiency and conservation. In addition, Seum- kham serves as IREP’s Coordinator for the East Asia and Pemberton-Pigott, Crispin Pacific (EAP) Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) in Lao PDR. Crispin Pemberton-Pigott is an industrial designer and owner of New Dawn Engineering, Swaziland. A co- Toba, Natsuko founder of the Eastern Cape Appropriate Technology Unit, the Renewable Energy Association of Swaziland, Natsuko Toba is Senior Economist at the World Bank, and the Industrial Designers Association of South Africa, where she specializes in infrastructure, especially links Appendix C. Speaker Biographies 33 between energy and poverty, environment (including cli- cookstoves, biodiesel production, domestic biogas tech- mate change), social and economic development, regu- nology, and organic fertilizer production. In 2007, Boulay lation, governance, and political economy. Natsuko has earned his Master’s Degree in the Science of Food Engi- extensive experience as team leader and has worked neering and Bio-processing Technology from the Asian independently on operational and analytical projects Institute of Technology (AIT) in Thailand. He also holds a with the Asian Development Bank, World Bank/Interna- Bachelor’s Degree in Science from the National Univer- tional Finance Corporation, and other international orga- sity of Lao PDR (NUOL). nizations in some 30 countries across Central, East, and South Asia; the Pacific Islands; Africa; and Latin America. Her work has focused on carbon finance and innovative Wang, Jiuchen project design and financial, policy, and strategy instru- Jiuchen Wang is Deputy Director-General of the Rural ments, such as introducing Global Environment Facility Energy and Environment Agency (REEA) within China’s (GEF) financing to land degradation at a time when it was Ministry of Agriculture. In this capacity, he has over- not under the GEF focal areas. She is a formal reviewer all responsibility for the day-to-day management of the of Energy Policy journal and is Coordinator for the Asia REEA. Jiuchen has extensive experience in the develop- Sustainable and Alterative Energy Program (ASTAE). ment of rural renewable energy, as well as the dissemi- Natsuko has a PhD in Economics from the University of nation of firewood and coal-saving stoves in China. Cambridge and is an Honorary Cambridge Overseas Trust Scholar and Fellow. Wang, Yanliang van der Plas, Robert Yanliang Wang is Deputy Director-General of the Depart- ment of Science, Technology, and Education in China’s Robert van der Plas is Director of the Netherlands office Ministry of Agriculture. Yanliang has a long career work- of MARGE (Energy, Environment, and Sustainable Devel- ing on rural policy research issues in China. He has opment), a European consulting firm specializing in the actively promoted international cooperation of the Min- nexus of energy and environment, whose activities are istry of Agriculture, and has also been in charge of the focused mainly in developing countries. Previously, Rob- REEA since its establishment in 2012. Yanliang’s work ert worked at the World Bank for more than 16 years, has focused mainly on agricultural and environmental where his last position held was Senior Energy Planner. protection and rural energy development. As part of the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) team, he was instrumental in adding rural energy to the development assistance agenda. He Wen, Feng has extensive experience in household, rural, and renew- Feng Wen is General Manager of Xunda Import and able energy issues in Africa and Asia, with two areas of Export Company and Visiting Professor of the Hunan focus: (i) biomass energy management, use, and conver- Institute of Engineering. She established the Xunda inter- sion and (ii) decentralized rural electrification. His recent national sales team, which transformed Xunda from a work includes developing a biomass energy strategy for simple overseas export market company into an interna- Mozambique, a national stove program from Nigeria, and tional company with its own brand export, overseas fac- a national rural electrification program for Haiti; assisting tories, and international marketing network. Today, Xunda private firms and the Government of Rwanda to develop products are being sold to more than 80 countries and micro hydro plants in that country; and acting as Team regions around the world, and export sales of its cook- Leader for the Asian Development Bank’s Energy for All ers are rated first in the country. Feng holds a Master’s Partnership. Robert holds Master’s Degrees in Applied Degree in Business Administration (MBA). Physics and Development Studies from the University of Twente in the Netherlands. Wu, Yun Vongvisith, Boulay Yun Wu is an Energy Economist in the World Bank’s Water and Energy Unit, East Asia and the Pacific Region. Boulay Vongvisith is Deputy Head of the Bio Gas Division She has worked on energy, environment, and climate of the Institute of Energy and New Construction Materi- change issues with a focus on energy efficiency, renew- als within Lao PDR’s Ministry of Science and Technology able energy, and household energy. Prior to joining the (MOST). In this capacity, he is responsible for research Bank, Yun worked as Research Associate at the United activities that involve the development of improved States Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National 34 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Laboratory for more than a year. She has also consulted Zhang, Yabei for the United Nations Industrial Development Organiza- Yabei Zhang is Senior Energy Economist in the World tion (UNIDO) and the World Bank’s Global Environment Bank’s Water and Energy Unit, East Asia and the Pacific Fund (GEF), participated in the Young Scientist Summer Region. She joined the World Bank as a Young Profes- Program at the International Institute for Applied Sys- sional in 2008 and has worked on energy, urban, and tems Analysis in Austria, interned with Resources for the climate-change issues, with a focus on energy efficiency, Future in Washington, DC, and volunteered at the Beijing urban energy, and household energy. She leads the office of Conservation International. Yun holds a PhD in regional Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) flagship program and Resource Economics and a Master’s Degree in Statistics manages the China and Indonesia CSI country programs. from North Carolina State University. Prior to joining the World Bank, Yabei worked at the Joint Global Change Research Institute (a joint program of the Pacific Northwest National Lab and the University of Maryland). She holds a PhD in Economics from the Uni- versity of Maryland, College Park and a Master’s Degree in City Planning from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Appendix D Participants’ Contact Information Name Title Affiliation Email address Latin America and the Caribbean Maria Isabel Cifuentes Business Climate Consultant Ministry of Economy and Com- micifuentes@pronacom.org petitiveness, Guatemala Richard Grinnell Vice President HELPS International, Guatemala richardgrinnell @helpsinternational.com Reyna Guzman Environmental Analyst Zamorano Certification Center for rguzman@zamorano.edu Improved Cookstoves, Honduras Paola Serrano Advisor Ministry of Energy and Mining, upem1290@gmail.com Guatemala Asia, EAP CSI Countries China Xiaofu Chen Executive Director China Alliance for Clean Stoves chxiaofu@126.com Fang Fang Counselor Division of Energy and Ecology, 13511077819@163.com Department of Science, Technol- ogy, and Education Jingming Li Director Division of Renewable Energy, lijingm@agri.gov.cn Rural Energy and Environment Agency Guangqing Liu Deputy Director Biomass Energy Center, BUCT gqliu@mail.buct.edu.cn Jiuchen Wang Deputy Director-General Rural Energy and Environment moawjch@126.com Agency Yanliang Wang Deputy Director-General Department of Science, Technol- ogy, and Education Xiao Wei Deputy Director Department of International Coop- eration, Ministry of Science and Technology Feng Wen General Manager Xunda Import and Export Company 35 36 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Name Title Affiliation Email address Indonesia Aminuddin Dien Researcher in Renewable R&D of Electricity, New Renew- amin_dien@yahoo.com Energy Program able Energy and Energy Conser- vation, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resouces Simon Bell President and Managing The APEX Consulting Group simon@apex-cg.com Director Ira A. Herdiani Staff of Technical and Directorate of Bioenergy, MEMR ira_ayuthia_herdiani@yahoo.com Environment Cucu Cakrawati Kosim Head of Subdirectorate of Directorate of Environmental emoy_k@yahoo.com Security of Waste, Air and Health, Ministry of Health Radiation Andrini Kusumadewi Trust Relationship Manager Directorate of Finance, PT BRI (Persero) Tbk. Yanjun Liu Associate The APEX Consulting Group Tomarbulang Deputy Director of Loans Directorate of Loan and Grant tor.tobing2011@gmail.com Lumbantobing and Grants Management, Ministry of Finance Maria Dita Prasanti Trust Legal Officer Directorate of Finance, PT BRI maria.ditaprasanti@gmail.com (Persero) Tbk. Ricky M. Ramdhan Energy Planner Bappenas ricky.muhamad@bappenas.go.id Anna Rufaida Head of Subdirectorate of Directorate of Bioenergy, MEMR annarufaida@yahoo.com Investment and Cooperation Lao PDR Tayphasavanh Fengthong Director of Environmental Ministry of Health tayvilay@yahoo.com and Occupational Health and Safety Division, Department of Hygiene and Prevention Hatsady Sisoulath Director General of IREP Ministry of Energy and Mines hat54@outlook.com Nam Sounsavath Director of Standard Divi- Ministry of Science and sounsavath@gmail.com sion, Department of Stan- Technology dard and Measurement Seumkham Director of Energy Efficiency Ministry of Energy and Mines seumkham@gmail.com Thoummavongsa and Conservation Division, IREP Soukanh Vannapho Deputy Director Renewable Energy and New soukanh.vnt@hotmail.com Materials Institute, Ministry of Science and Technology Boualy Vongvisith Deputy Head of Bio Gas Ministry of Science and boualee@hotmail.com Division, Institute of Energy Technology and New Construction Materials Mongolia Mr. Baasan Director Clean Air Foundation dbsn860@yahoo.com Mr. Batbileg Head Coal Department of Mineral topstar97@yahoo.com Resource Authority Appendix D. Participants’ Contact Information 37 Name Title Affiliation Email address Mr. Batsaikhan Director UB City Air Quality Department chultumbat@yahoo.com Mrs. Doljin Coordinator UBCAP PMU doljin@usip.mn Mr. Enkhbold Director UBCAP PMU enkhbold@usip.mn Ms. Enkhmaa Officer NAMEM topstar97@yahoo.com Mr. Erdenetsogt Secretary National Committee for Air Pollu- zul_goodgirl@yahoo.com tion Reduction Mr. Jargalsaikhan Director SEET lab jagaa.iteie@gmail.com Mr. Otgontulga Advisor to Prime Minister buyandelger85@gmail.com Mr. Tseyen-Oidov Professor/Consultant Mongolian University/UBCAP oidov_zh@yahoo.com Asia, Other Countries Nepal Sandeep Kantha Managing Director Renewable Energy, Water Supply rewsspc@yahoo.com and Sanitation Promotion Centre (RWSSPC) Hasta Bahadur Pandit Managing Director Sindhu Urja Prabandha Kendra, hasta.sindhu@gmail.com Kalanki, Kathmandu Shekhar Sharma Program Officer National Rural and Renewable shekhar.sharma@aepc.gov.np Energy Program/Alternate Energy Promotion Center (NRREP/AEPC) Nischal Shrestha Director Krishna Grill & Engineering Works krishnagrillns@gmail.com Pvt. Ltd., Biratnagar, Morang Tanka Prasad Timsina Proprietor Shree Singha Bahini Engineer- sewitahari@yahoo.com ing Works and Energy Pvt. Ltd. Itahari-2, Sunsari Vietnam Do Duc Khoi Director Population and Environment khoi.ped.hn@gmail.com Development (PED) NGOs Julien Jacquot Program Manager GERES, France j.jacquot@geres.eu Elodie Rene CommunicationsOfficer GERES, France Private-Sector Firms Ken Newcombe CEO C-Quest Capital KNewcombe@cquestcapital. com GIZ Michael Blunck Project Manager Internationale Zusammenarbeit Michael.Blunck@giz.de (GIZ) GmbH, Germany Dorothea Otremba Project Manager Internationale Zusammenarbeit dorothea.otremba@giz.de (GIZ) GmbH, Germany 38 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Name Title Affiliation Email address World Bank Group International Finance Corporation Lasse Ringius Senior Carbon Finance International Finance Corporation LRingius@ifc.org Specialist World Bank Gailius Draugelis Lead Energy Specialist/TTL World Bank (Beijing) gdraugelis@worldbank.org for Mongolia CSI Koffi Ekouevi Senior Economist World Bank kekouevi@worldbank.org Charles Feinstein Director World Bank Cfeinstein@worldbank.org Jan Friedrich Kappen Senior Energy Specialist/TTL World Bank jkappen@worldbank.org for ACCES Dejan Ostojic Lead Specialist World Bank Dostojic@worldbank.org Crispin Pemberton-Pigott CSI Technical Advisor/ World Bank crispinpigott@outlook.com Consultant Olivia Tanujaya Local Coordinator for Indo- World Bank (Indonesia) otanujaya@worldbank.org nesia CSI Natsuko Toba Senior Energy Economist/ World Bank ntoba@worldbank.org TTL for Lao PDR CSI Robert van der Plas CSI Technical Advisor/ World Bank rvanderplas@yahoo.com Consultant Yun Wu Energy Economist World Bank ywu4@worldbank.org Yabei Zhang Senior Energy Economist World Bank yzhang7@worldbank.org Appendix E EAP CSI Forum Agenda Saturday, April 26 4月26日星期六 Time Activity Assemble at hotel lobby and depart by bus for 8th China Clean Stoves Expo. Address: Youyi Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Langfang, Hebei 7:30 am 于大厅集合后乘坐巴士到廊坊参加炉博会。 地址：河北省廊坊经济技术开发区友谊路中段国际会展中心B馆 Arrive at Expo venue 8:40 am 到达炉博会现场 Attend opening ceremony 9:00–9:30 am 参加开幕式 9:30–12:00 pm Visit Expo 参观炉博会展览 12:30–1:30 pm Buffet lunch. Address: Al Cartier International Hotel 自助午餐，阿尔卡迪亚国际酒店 Free communication and private meeting between foreigner delegation and Chinese stove 2:00–3:00 pm manufacturers 外国参会代表与中国炉具企业的自由交流和私人会议 Return by bus to Mercure Downtown Hotel, Beijing 3:20 pm 乘坐巴士回北京 Arrive at hotel 4:50 pm 到达宾馆 Sunday, April 27 4月27日星期日 Assemble at hotel lobby and depart by bus for 8th China Clean Stoves Expo. Address: Youyi Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Langfang, Hebei 8:00 am 于大厅集合后乘坐巴士到廊坊参加炉博会。 地址：河北省廊坊经济技术开发区友谊路中段国际会展中心B馆 39 40 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings 9:30 am Arrive at Expo venue 到达炉博会现场 9:30 am–12:00 pm Visit Expo 参观炉博会展览 Buffet lunch. Address: Al Cartier International Hotel 12:30 pm–1:30 pm 自助午餐，阿尔卡迪亚国际酒店 Return by bus to Mercure Down Hotel, Beijing 2:00 pm 乘坐巴士回北京 3:30 pm Arrive at hotel 到达宾馆 Monday, April 28 4月28日星期一 8:30–9:00 am Registration 报到 Welcome and Introduction (Coordinator: Yabei Zhang) 介绍并致辞（主持：张亚蓓） Opening remarks by senior officials Charles Feinstein 9:00–9:15 am 高级官员致开幕辞 Yanliang Wang Progress Updates from Country Programs (Moderator: Dejan Ostojic) 国家项目进展介绍（主持: Dejan Ostojic） Indonesia Anna Rufaida 9:15–9:30 am 印尼 Lao PDR Seumkham 9:30–9:45 am Thoummavongsa 老挝 China Jiuchen Wang 9:45–10:00 am 中国 Mongolia Mr. Enkhbold 10:00–10:15 am 蒙古 10:15–10:30 am Q&A 提问与回答 Coffee break (video show: Clean Stove, Better Life) 10:30–10:45 am 茶歇（播放视频：清洁炉灶，美好生活） Scaling up Access to Clean Cooking/Heating through National Programs: Plans, Progress and Challenges (Moderator: Charles Feinstein) 清洁炉灶升级换代国家项目: 计划、进度与存在的挑战（主持: Charles Feinstein） • Is implementing a national program an effective way to scale up clean Panelists讨论组成员： cooking/heating? Fang Fang 执行国家项目是否是炊事取暖清洁炉灶升级换代的有效途径？ Anna Rufaida • What are the lessons learned from past programs? Mr. Erdenetsogt 10:45–11:45 am 从过去的项目中能得到什么经验教训？ Boualy Vongvisith • Any plans or progress for implementing a national program? 执行国家项目的计划与进展？ Shekhar Sharma • What are the key challenges? 关键挑战与问题是什么？ 11:45 am–12:00pm Q&A 提问与回答 12:00–12:15 pm Group Photo 合影 Lunch at La Via, B1, Main Building 12:15–1:30 pm 于主楼地下西餐厅午餐 Results-Based Financing: Does It Work? (Moderator: Yabei Zhang) 基于效果的融资补偿是否有效？（主持: 张亚蓓） Appendix E. EAP CSI Forum Agenda 41 Panelists讨论组成员： • What are the lessons learned from the Results-Based Financing pilot? Jingming Li 基于效果的融资补偿项目试点有哪些经验教训？ Tomarbulang Lumbantobing 1:30–2:15 pm • What are the design and implementation challenges? Natsuko Toba 项目计划与执行的问题与挑战？ Mr. Enkhbold Julien Jacquot 2:15–2:30 pm Q&A 提问与回答 Private Sector Development: What Are the Business Models? (Moderator: Gailius Draugelis) 私营企业发展的商业模式？（主持：Gailius Draugelis） Panelists讨论组成员： • What are the opportunities and challenges for stove-sector entry? Simon Bell 炉灶市场准入的机遇与挑战有哪些？ 2:30–3:15 pm Feng Wen • What are the promising business models/delivery mechanisms? 什么是承诺商业模式与输配机制？ Ken Newcombe Jan Friedrich Kappen 3:15–3:30 pm Q&A 提问与回答 Coffee break (Launch and Demo of CSI e-Forum: Yun Wu) 3:30–3:45 pm 茶歇 (CSI网络论坛启动及演示: 吴芸) Stove Standards and Testing: How to Measure Performance? (Moderator: Koffi Ekouevi) 炉灶标准与测试：如何进行炉灶性能测试？（主持: Koffi Ekouevi） Panelists讨论组成员： • What progress has been made? Xiaofu Chen 炉灶标准与测试的进展如何？ Crispin Pemberton-Pigott 3:45–4:30 pm • What are the recent updates on the ISO process? Richard Grinnell 清洁炉灶的国际标准化最近的更新情况有哪些？ Michael Blunck Robert J. van der Plas 4:30–4:45 pm Q&A 提问与回答 Next Steps (Moderator: Yabei Zhang) 下一阶段工作（主持: 张亚蓓） • What are the plans for the next step to scale up clean cooking/heating Panelists讨论组成员： stove solutions in each CSI country? Fang Fang 各清洁炉灶倡议国下一阶段炊事取暖用清洁炉灶升级换代工作计划与打 4:45–5:30 pm 算？ Anna Rufaida • How to continue and strengthen cross-country learning and exchanges? Mr. Erdenetsogt, Mongolia 如何继续加强多边学习与交流？ Tayphasavanh Fengthong 5:30–5:45 pm Q&A 提问与回答 Closing remarks Dejan Ostojic 5:45–6:00 pm 致闭幕辞 Jiuchen Wang Dinner at Huatengxuan Chinese Restaurant, 1st floor, Building 3 6:30 pm 于3号楼一层华腾轩中餐厅晚餐 Tuesday, April 29 4月29日星期二 Option 1: Ministry of Agriculture Meeting 选项一：农业部会议 Assemble at hotel lobby and depart by bus for REEA 8:30 am 于大厅集合后乘坐巴士去农业部生态与资源保护总站开会。 地址：北京市朝阳区农展北路2号院，中央农业广播电视学校大厦518室。 42 Clean Stove Initiative Forum Proceedings Welcome and round-table introduction Moderators 主持: 欢迎与介绍 9:00–9:15 am Jiuchen Wang Leader remarks Charles Feinstein 领导致辞 Overview of China Rural Energy and South-South Cooperation Situation (Moderator: Jiuchen Wang) 中国农村能源与南南合作情况介绍（主持: 王久臣副站长） General presentation of REEA, Ministry of Agriculture Jiuchen Wang 9:15–9:30 am 农业部农业生态与资源保护总站总体情况介绍 Development status of China rural energy Jingming Li 9:30–9:50 am 中国农村能源发展现状 South-South cooperation process in China and discussion on next steps Fang Fang 9:50–10:10 am 中国南南合作进展与下一步合作探讨 South-South cooperation program and plans, Xiao Wei 10:10–10:30 am Ministry of Science and Technology 科技部南南合作项目与计划 10:30–10:45 am Coffee Break 休息 Discussion (Moderator: Jiuchen Wang) 合作意向交流（主持: 王久臣副站长） Cooperation intentions, opportunities, and mechanisms 10:45 am–12:30pm 关于清洁炉灶合作机制与意向探讨 12:30–2:00 pm Lunch 午餐 Option 2: Tour of China Agricultural University 选项二：参观中国农业大学 Assemble at hotel lobby and depart by bus for China Agricultural University (CAU) 9:00 am 于大厅集合后乘坐巴士参观中国农业大学 Arrive at CAU stove laboratory of 10:30 am 到达中国农业大学炉灶区域测试与知识中心 Visit regional testing and knowledge center at CAU 10:30 am–12:00pm 参观中国农业大学区域测试与知识中心 12:00–2:00 pm Lunch 午餐 2:30 pm Depart by bus for hotel 乘坐巴士回宾馆 4:00 pm Arrive at hotel 到达宾馆 Option 3: Visits with Stove Manufacturers 选项三：参观炉灶企业 Assemble at hotel lobby and depart by bus for stove manufacturers in Gaobeidian 7:30 am 于大厅集合后乘坐巴士到高碑店参观炉灶企业 9:00 am Arrive at the first stove manufacturer 到达炉灶企业 Visit with the two stove manufacturers 9:00 am–12:00 pm 参观两家炉灶企业 12:00–1:30 pm Lunch 午餐 Depart by bus for hotel 1:30 pm 乘坐巴士回宾馆 3:00 pm Arrive at hotel 到达宾馆 EAP CSI Forum participants gather outside the Mercure Downtown Hotel conference center in Beijing, China (photo credit: CACS). The World Bank Group Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA www.worldbank.org/astae